reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 7 - Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act › 349 - Filing a Bond as Proof of Financial Responsibility.

§ 349. Filing  a  bond  as  proof  of  financial responsibility. (a) A
person required to give proof of financial responsibility may file  with
the commissioner a bond meeting the requirements of this section.
(b) Such bond shall be executed by the person giving such proof and by
a surety company duly authorized to transact business in this state.
(c)  The  commissioner  shall  not  accept  any such bond unless it is
conditioned for payments in amounts and under the same circumstances  as
would  be  required in a motor vehicle liability policy furnished by the
person giving such proof under this article.
(d) No such bond shall be cancelled unless  ten  days'  prior  written
notice  of  cancellation  is  given the commissioner but cancellation of
such bond shall not prevent recovery thereon with respect to  any  right
or cause of action arising prior to the date of cancellation.
(e)  If  a  final  judgment rendered against the principal on the bond
filed with the commissioner as provided in this  article  shall  not  be
satisfied within fifteen days after its rendition, the judgment creditor
may,  for  his  own  use  and  benefit and at his sole expense, bring an
action on said bond in the name of the  state  against  the  company  or
persons executing such bond.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 7 - Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act › 350 - Money or Securities Deposited as Proof of Financial Responsibility.

§ 350. Money   or   securities   deposited   as   proof  of  financial
responsibility. (a) A person may give proof of financial  responsibility
by  delivering to the commissioner one hundred fifty thousand dollars in
cash, or securities, such as may legally be purchased by  savings  banks
or  for  trust  funds,  of  a market value of one hundred fifty thousand
dollars.
(b) All money or securities so delivered to the commissioner shall  be
placed  by  the  commissioner  in  the  custody  of  the commissioner of
taxation and finance and shall be subject to execution  to  satisfy  any
judgment  mentioned  in  this  article within the limits of coverage and
subject to the limits on amounts required  by  this  article  for  motor
vehicle  liability  policies,  and if such moneys or securities shall be
otherwise subjected to attachment or any execution, the depositor  shall
immediately  furnish such additional moneys or securities, not otherwise
subjected to attachment or execution, to meet the requirements  of  this
section.
(c)  The commissioner shall not accept such money or securities unless
accompanied by evidence that there are no unsatisfied judgments  against
such  person  registered in the office of the county clerk of the county
where such person resides.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 7 - Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act › 351 - Person Having Given Proof May Substitute Other Proof.

§ 351. Person  having  given  proof  may  substitute  other proof. The
  commissioner  shall  cancel  any  bond  or  return  any  certificate  of
  insurance,  or  the  commissioner  shall  direct  and  the department of
  taxation and finance shall return any money or securities, to the person
  entitled thereto upon the substitution and acceptance of other  adequate
  proof of financial responsibility pursuant to this article.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 7 - Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act › 352 - If Proof Fails Commissioner May Require Other Proof.

§ 352. If  proof fails commissioner may require other proof.  Whenever
  any proof of financial responsibility filed  by  any  person  under  the
  provisions  of  this  article  no  longer fulfills the purpose for which
  required, the commissioner shall,  for  the  purpose  of  this  article,
  require  other  proof  of  financial  responsibility as required by this
  article, and shall suspend the operator's or  chauffeur's  license,  and
  registration certificates and registration plates of such person pending
  such proof.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 7 - Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act › 353 - When Commissioner May Release Proof.

§ 353. When  commissioner  may  release  proof. The commissioner shall
upon request consent to the cancellation of any bond or insurance policy
or return to the  person  entitled  thereto  any  money  or  securities,
deposited pursuant to this article as proof of financial responsibility,
or  waive the requirement of filing proof of financial responsibility in
any of the following events:
(1) In the event of the death of the person on whose behalf such proof
was filed, or the permanent incapacity of such person to operate a motor
vehicle; or
(2) In  the  event  the  person  who  has  given  proof  of  financial
responsibility   surrenders   his  operator's  or  chauffeur's  license,
registration certificates and registration plates to  the  commissioner,
but  the  commissioner  shall  not  release  such proof in the event any
action for damages upon a liability referred to in this article is  then
pending,  or  any  judgment upon any such liability then outstanding and
unsatisfied, or in the event the commissioner has received  notice  that
such  person has within the period of three months immediately preceding
been involved as a driver in any motor vehicle accident.   An  affidavit
of  the applicant of the non-existence of such facts shall be sufficient
evidence thereof in the absence of  evidence  to  the  contrary  in  the
records of the bureau.
Whenever any person to whom proof has been surrendered, as provided in
this  section,  applies  for an operator's or chauffeur's license or the
registration of a motor vehicle, any such application shall  be  refused
unless the applicant shall reestablish such proof.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 7 - Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act › 354 - Commissioner to Furnish Operating Record.

§ 354. Commissioner  to  furnish  operating  record.  The commissioner
  shall upon request furnish  any  insurance  carrier  or  any  person  an
  abstract of the operating record of any person subject to the provisions
  of  this  article,  which  abstract  shall  include  enumeration  of any
  convictions of such person of  a  violation  of  any  provision  of  any
  statute relating to the operation of a motor vehicle or any accidents in
  which a motor vehicle driven by such person has been involved during the
  current  calendar  year  and  the three calendar years preceding that in
  which  the  request  for  the  operating  record  is  received  and   if
  specifically requested shall also fully designate the motor vehicles, if
  any,  registered  in the name of such person and the name of the insurer
  insuring such motor vehicle, for the  registration  year  in  which  the
  request  for the operating record is received. A request for an abstract
  of an operating record shall be subject to the provisions of section two
  hundred two of this chapter.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 7 - Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act › 355 - Operating Without Giving Proof When Proof Required.

§ 355. Operating  without giving proof when proof required. Any person
  whose operator's or chauffeur's license or registration  certificate  or
  other  privilege  to  operate  a  motor  vehicle  has  been suspended or
  revoked, restoration thereof  or  the  issuance  of  a  new  license  or
  registration  being contingent upon the furnishing of proof of financial
  responsibility, and who during such suspension or revocation or  in  the
  absence  of  full  authorization  from  the commissioner shall drive any
  motor vehicle upon any highway or knowingly permits  any  motor  vehicle
  owned  by  such person to be operated by another upon any highway except
  as permitted hereunder, shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and  upon
  conviction thereof shall be subject to the penalties provided by section
  five hundred eleven of this chapter.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 7 - Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act › 356 - Forging or Without Authority Signing Proof of Financial Responsibility.

§ 356. Forging   or  without  authority  signing  proof  of  financial
  responsibility. Any person who shall forge, or without  authority,  sign
  any  evidence  of  ability  to  respond  in  damages  as required by the
  commissioner in the administration of this article, and any non-resident
  who shall operate a motor vehicle in this state from whom the  privilege
  of  operating  any  motor vehicle has been withdrawn as provided herein,
  shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars or imprisoned not more
  than thirty days or both.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 7 - Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act › 357 - Failing to Report Convictions and Judgments.

§ 357. Failing   to  report  convictions  and  judgments.  Any  person
  required to forward to the commissioner a record of a  conviction  or  a
  judgment  for  damages  as provided in section three hundred thirty-six,
  who wilfully fails or neglects to do so, shall be punished by a fine  of
  not less than ten dollars for each separate offense.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 7 - Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act › 358 - Otherwise Violating Article.

§ 358. Otherwise  violating  article.  Any  person  who  violates  any
  provision of this article for which another penalty is not prescribed by
  law shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than ninety  days  or
  by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars or more than one thousand
  dollars or both.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 7 - Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act › 359 - Definitions.

§ 359. Definitions.  The following words and phrases when used in this
article shall, for the purpose  of  this  article,  have  the  following
meanings: (a) The singular shall include the plural; the masculine shall
include the feminine and neuter, as requisite.
(b) Commissioner. The commissioner of motor vehicles of this state.
(c)  Department. The department of motor vehicles of this state acting
directly or through its duly authorized officers and agents.
(d)  Person.   Shall   include   individuals,   firms,   partnerships,
associations, corporations, receivers, referees, trustees, assignees for
the  benefit  of  creditors;  executors  and  administrators;  and shall
include the owner of any motor  vehicle  as  requisite;  but  shall  not
include the state or any political subdivision thereof.
(g)  Owner.  A person who holds the legal title of a motor vehicle; or
in the event a motor vehicle is subject to a security interest, or lease
with the right of purchase upon performance of conditions stated in  the
lease  and with an immediate right of possession vested in the debtor or
lessee, then such debtor or lessee shall be deemed  the  owner  for  the
purpose of this act.
(h)  Insured. The person in whose name there is issued a motor vehicle
liability policy, as defined in  this  article,  and  any  other  person
insured under the terms of such policy.
(i)  Judgment.  Any  judgment, except a judgment rendered against this
state or any political subdivision thereof or any municipality  therein,
which  shall  have become final by expiration without appeal of the time
within which appeal might have been perfected, or by final affirmance on
appeal, rendered by a court of competent jurisdiction of any state,  any
province of Canada, the Dominion of Canada, the District of Columbia, or
the United States.
(j) Non-resident. Every person who is not a resident of this state.
(k)  Motor  vehicle. As used in this article, the term "motor vehicle"
shall be defined as in section one hundred twenty-five of this  chapter,
except  that  it shall also include trailers, semi-trailers and tractors
other than tractors used  exclusively  for  agricultural  purposes,  and
shall   exclude  fire  and  police  vehicles,  self-propelled  combines,
self-propelled  corn  and  hay  harvesting   machines,   tractors   used
exclusively  for agricultural purposes and self-propelled caterpillar or
crawler-type equipment while being operated on the contract site.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 7 - Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act › 360 - Exceptions.

§ 360. Exceptions.   This   article,  except  sections  three  hundred
  thirty-nine and three hundred fifty-nine, shall not apply to  any  motor
  vehicle  for the operation of which security is required to be furnished
  under section three hundred seventy of this chapter, including those for
  which  a  certificate  is  issued  pursuant  to  section  three  hundred
  seventy-one  of  this chapter except as may be provided in section three
  hundred seventy; to  any  motor  vehicle  operated  under  permit  or  a
  certificate  of  convenience and necessity issued pursuant to the public
  service law or pursuant to section fifty-a of such law; nor to any motor
  vehicle  owned  by  the  United  States,  the  state  or  any  political
  subdivision thereof.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 7 - Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act › 361 - Self-Insurers.

§ 361. Self-insurers.  (a) This article, except sections three hundred
thirty-nine and three hundred fifty-nine, shall not apply to any  person
having  registered in his name in this state more than twenty-five motor
vehicles if such person shall obtain from the commissioner a certificate
of self-insurance as provided for in subdivision (b) of this section.
(b) The commissioner may, in his discretion, upon the  application  of
such  a  person,  issue  a  certificate  of  self-insurance  when  he is
reasonably satisfied that such person is possessed and will continue  to
be   possessed   of  financial  ability  to  respond  to  judgments,  as
hereinbefore described, obtained against such person, arising out of the
ownership, maintenance, use or operation of any of such  person's  motor
vehicles.
(c)  Upon  due  notice  and  hearing,  the  commissioner,  may, in his
discretion  and  upon  reasonable  grounds,  cancel  a  certificate   of
self-insurance.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 7 - Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act › 362 - Article Not to Repeal Other Motor Vehicle Laws.

§ 362. Article  not  to  repeal other motor vehicle laws. This article
  shall in no respect be considered as a repeal of any of  the  provisions
  of  this  chapter  (except article six) or of other laws relating to the
  registration, numbering and regulation of motor vehicles; the  licensing
  and  regulation  of  chauffeurs  and  operators;  the  use of the public
  highways by motor vehicles and the accessories used upon them and  their
  incidents;  the speed of motor vehicles upon the public highways; or the
  punishment for the violations of such provisions, but shall be construed
  as supplemental thereto.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 7 - Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act › 364 - Uniformity of Interpretation.

§ 364. Uniformity   of   interpretation.  This  article  shall  be  so
  interpreted and construed as to effectuate its general purpose  to  make
  uniform  the law of those states, the District of Columbia, or territory
  or lands in continental United States under the  exclusive  jurisdiction
  of the United States, or provinces of Canada, which enact it.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 7 - Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act › 366 - Past Application of Article.

§ 366. Past application of article. This article, except section three
  hundred  thirty-nine thereof, shall not apply to any judgment in a civil
  action or cause of action arising out of an accident occurring prior  to
  the effective date of this article.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 7 - Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act › 367 - This Article Does Not Prevent Other Process.

§ 367. This article does not prevent other process. This article shall
  not  be  construed  to  prevent  the plaintiff in any action at law from
  relying for security upon the other processes provided by law.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 7 - Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act › 368 - Constitutionality.

§ 368. Constitutionality.  If  any part or parts of this article shall
  be held unconstitutional, such unconstitutionality shall not affect  the
  validity  of the remaining parts of this article. The legislature hereby
  declares that it would have passed the remaining parts of  this  article
  if  it  had  known  that  such  part  or parts thereof would be declared
  unconstitutional.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 8 - Indemnity Bonds or Insurance Policies on Vehicles Transporting Passengers for Hire › 371 - Certificate of Department of Transportation in Lieu of Indemnity Bonds or Insurance Policies.

§ 371. Certificate   of   department  of  transportation  in  lieu  of
  indemnity bonds or insurance policies. A person,  firm,  association  or
  corporation  subject  to  the  provisions  of the transportation law and
  required under the provisions of section three hundred seventy  of  this
  chapter  to  file  evidence  of  a  corporate  surety  bond or policy of
  insurance with the commissioner of motor vehicles in order to so operate
  any such  motor  vehicle,  may  file  with  the  commissioner  of  motor
  vehicles,  in lieu of the surety or evidence prescribed in section three
  hundred seventy of this chapter, a  certificate  of  the  department  of
  transportation   certifying  that  such  person,  firm,  association  or
  corporation has complied with  the  regulations  of  the  department  of
  transportation as to public liability and property damage responsibility
  and, in the case of such a person, firm, association or corporation also
  engaged  in the business of carrying or transporting passengers for hire
  in operations not subject to the provisions of the  transportation  law,
  that  the  arrangement  of coverage in effect has been extended to cover
  motor vehicles used in such operations.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 9 - Equipment of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles › 375-A - Prohibition Against Retaliatory Action.

§ 375-a. Prohibition  against  retaliatory action. 1. Definitions. For
purposes of this section:
(a) "Employee" means an individual who is a driver or  operator  of  a
motor  vehicle  which  has a registered maximum gross weight of eighteen
thousand pounds or more and performs services for and under the  control
and direction of an employer for wages or other remuneration.
(b) "Employer" means any registered owner of a motor vehicle which has
a registered maximum gross weight of eighteen thousand pounds or more or
any  person, firm, partnership, institution, corporation, or association
that employs one or more employees as herein defined.
(c) "Retaliatory personnel action" means the discharge, suspension  or
demotion  of  an  employee,  or  other  adverse  employment action taken
against an employee in the terms and conditions of employment.
2. Prohibition. An employer shall not take any  retaliatory  personnel
action  against  an employee because the employee objected to or refused
to operate a motor vehicle which the employee reasonably believes  fails
to  comply  with  the  provisions  of  subdivision  one, insofar as such
subdivision concerns brakes and steering  mechanism,  paragraph  (a)  of
subdivision  two,  paragraph a of subdivision ten, subdivision eighteen,
eighteen-a,  twenty-five,  paragraph  (c)  of  subdivision  thirty-five,
thirty-nine,  forty  or forty-two of section three hundred seventy-five,
or section three hundred seventy-six or section three  hundred  eighty-a
of  this  chapter  relating to required equipment of such vehicle or its
proper repair.
3. Application.  The  protection  against  any  retaliatory  personnel
action  found  in subdivision two of this section shall apply only to an
employee who has brought the  above  mentioned  violations  of  sections
three  hundred  seventy-five,  three  hundred  seventy-six  and/or three
hundred eighty-a to the attention of his employer  in  writing  and  has
afforded   such  employer  a  reasonable  opportunity  to  correct  such
violation.
4. Violation;  remedy.  An  employee  who  has  been  subjected  to  a
retaliatory  personnel action in violation of this section may institute
a civil action in a court of competent jurisdiction for  relief  as  set
forth  in  subdivision  five of section seven hundred forty of the labor
law within one year after the alleged retaliatory personnel  action  was
taken. The commissioner or his agent may deny a registration application
of any other person for the same vehicle where he has reasonable grounds
to  believe that such registration will have the effect of defeating the
purpose of this subdivision.
5. Existing rights.  Nothing  in  this  section  shall  be  deemed  to
diminish  the  rights, privileges, or remedies of any employee under any
collective bargaining agreement or employment contract.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 9 - Equipment of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles › 377 - Vehicles Engaged in the Transportation of Logs and Other Materials.

§ 377. Vehicles  engaged  in  the  transportation  of  logs  and other
  materials.  1. No vehicle which is designed or used for the  purpose  of
  hauling  logs or other materials which by their very nature may shift or
  roll so as to be likely to fall from such vehicle, shall be operated  or
  moved  over  any  highway  unless  its load is securely fastened by such
  safety chains, cables or other  suitable  devices  as  will  effectively
  prevent  the  shifting or falling of such load or any part thereof, from
  the vehicle.
2.  The  commissioner  is  authorized  to  make  necessary  rules  and
  regulations  to  carry  into  effect  the  provisions  of  this section,
  applying such provisions to specific conditions and  prescribing  means,
  methods  and  practices  to  effectuate such provisions. Before any such
  rule or regulation is adopted, amended or  repealed  there  shall  be  a
  public  hearing  thereon,  notice  of  which shall be published at least
  once, not less than ten days prior thereto, in  such  newspaper  as  the
  commissioner may prescribe.
3. A violation of any of the provisions of this section or of any rule
  or  regulation  promulgated  hereunder  shall  constitute  a misdemeanor
  punishable by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars  for  a  first
  offense,  three  hundred  fifty  dollars  for a second offense, or seven
  hundred fifty dollars for each subsequent offense,  or  by  imprisonment
  for not more than thirty days, or by both such fine and imprisonment.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 9 - Equipment of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles › 378 - Additional Safety Requirements for Commercial Vehicles and Vehicles Transporting Hazardous Materials.

§ 378. Additional  safety  requirements  for  commercial  vehicles and
  vehicles transporting  hazardous  materials.  1.    Motor  vehicles  and
  trailers  operated  pursuant to or requiring a certificate or permit for
  the  transportation  of  property  or  hazardous  materials   from   the
  interstate commerce commission or the commissioner of transportation and
  all  other  motor  vehicles  and  trailers  operated  for the commercial
  transportation of property or hazardous materials, in addition to  being
  subject  to  the  provisions of this chapter and regulations promulgated
  thereunder, are also subject to the provisions of  section  one  hundred
  forty  of  the  transportation  law  and  safety  rules  and regulations
  promulgated thereunder.
2. Vehicles transporting hazardous materials,  in  addition  to  being
  subject  to  the  provisions of this chapter and regulations promulgated
  thereunder are also subject to the provisions of section  fourteen-f  of
  the transportation law and rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
3.  Whenever  a  vehicle  is  in  violation of a provision of both the
  vehicle and traffic law and section fourteen-f or  section  one  hundred
  forty  of  the  transportation  law  or  safety  rules  and  regulations
  promulgated thereunder, if the offenses arise from the same incident and
  the elements of both offenses are substantially the  same,  the  alleged
  violator  shall  be  charged  only  with  the appropriate offense of the
  transportation law.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 9 - Equipment of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles › 380-A - Certain Vehicles Engaged in the Transportation of Loose Cargo.

§ 380-a. Certain  vehicles  engaged  in  the  transportation  of loose
  cargo.  1. It shall be unlawful to operate on  any  public  highway  any
  open truck or trailer being utilized for the transportation of any loose
  substances, unless said truck or trailer has a cover, tarpaulin or other
  device  of  a  type  and  specification  approved by the commissioner of
  transportation which completely closes in the opening on the said  truck
  or  trailer  while  said truck or trailer shall be so operated, so as to
  prevent the falling of any such substances therefrom.   However, if  the
  load is arranged so that no loose substance can fall from or blow out of
  such truck, the covering is not necessary.
2.  The commissioner of transportation is authorized to make necessary
  rules and regulations to  carry  into  effect  the  provisions  of  this
  section,  applying  such provisions to specific conditions and loads and
  prescribing means, methods and practices to effectuate such provisions.
3. The provisions of this section shall not apply to  motor  vehicles,
  trailers  and  semitrailers  conveying  "farm  products"  as  defined in
  section two of the agriculture and markets law.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 9 - Equipment of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles › 382 - Hydraulic Brake Fluid.

§ 382. Hydraulic brake fluid.  1. On and after January first, nineteen
  hundred  sixty  no hydraulic brake fluid shall be sold in this state for
  use in motor vehicles if such brake fluid shall  be  below  the  minimum
  standard  of  specifications  established  by the commissioner for heavy
  duty type brake fluid.
2. On and after January first, nineteen hundred sixty  every  package,
  can  or  other  container of brake fluid sold or distributed or kept for
  sale in this state must meet such specifications; furthermore the  label
  thereof must indicate compliance with the specifications.
3. Any person who sells, distributes or keeps brake fluid in violation
  of  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  section  shall  be  guilty  of a
  misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 9 - Equipment of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles › 382-A - Brake Linings.

§ 382-a. Brake  linings.  1. It shall be unlawful on and after January
  first, nineteen hundred sixty-six to sell, offer for sale or  distribute
  brake  linings  for  use on motor vehicles unless they are of a type and
  specification approved by the commissioner. The commissioner  is  hereby
  authorized  and empowered to adopt and amend regulations governing types
  and specifications of brake linings that comply with approved  standards
  and  shall  establish  and  maintain  an  approved list of brake linings
  fulfilling the specifications as established herein.
2. Any person who sells, offers for sale, distributes or  keeps  brake
  linings  in  violation of any of the provisions of this section shall be
  guilty of a misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 9 - Equipment of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles › 382-B - Service Brake System.

§ 382-b. Service brake system.  Every motor vehicle of a passenger car
  or  station  wagon  type,  registered  in this state and manufactured or
  assembled  after  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  sixty-seven,  and
  designated  as  a  nineteen hundred sixty-eight or later model, shall be
  equipped with a service brake system of  such  design  that  rupture  or
  failure  of  an  actuating force component of any single brake shall not
  result in complete loss of braking function.  The braking  function  may
  be obtained by hydraulic or other means through the normal service brake
  mechanism.
"Actuating  force  component"  as  used in this section shall mean the
  brake master cylinder, brake actuating cylinder, brake line, brake hose,
  or similar components performing like functions if the brake systems are
  other than hydraulic.
In the event of rupture or failure of an  actuating  force  component,
  the  unaffected  brakes shall be capable of applying an adequate braking
  force to the vehicle.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 9 - Equipment of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles › 382-C - Occupant Compartments.

§ 382-c. Occupant  compartments.    The commissioner may prescribe, by
  regulation, standards  consistent  with  federal  motor  vehicle  safety
  standards  specifying  requirements  for  instrument panels, seat backs,
  protrusions (including knobs, switches,  levers,  handles,  bezels,  and
  panel  contours),  sun  visors,  arm rests, steering control systems and
  other similar components of the interior of the  occupant's  compartment
  of  motor  vehicles  to  afford  impact  protection  for  occupants. The
  commissioner may limit the application of such regulations to  specified
  classes  of vehicles; provided, however, that such regulations shall not
  apply to  any  motor  vehicle  manufactured  prior  to  June  thirtieth,
  nineteen  hundred  sixty-seven.  No motor vehicle shall be registered or
  driven on the public highways of the state  unless  it  is  constructed,
  equipped  or  maintained  as  required  by  the  regulations promulgated
  pursuant to this section.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 12 - Other Provisions › 390 - Inspection of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles.

§ 390. Inspection   of   motor   vehicles   and   motorcycles.     The
  superintendent of state police shall cause inspection to be made of  the
  motor  vehicles  and  motorcycles  operating  on  the public highways to
  detect inadequacy of equipment, overloading and other violations of  law
  governing  the  use  of  the  public  highways  by  motor  vehicles  and
  motorcycles.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 12 - Other Provisions › 391 - Rates of Toll on Motor Vehicles.

§ 391. Rates of toll on motor vehicles.  Where a different rate is not
  otherwise  prescribed  or  permitted  by  law, any person or corporation
  maintaining a plank road, turnpike road or  bridge  and  authorized,  or
  which shall be hereafter authorized, to receive tolls for the passage of
  motor  vehicles over the same, may charge and receive for each and every
  motor vehicle propelled by any power other than  animal  power,  passing
  over  the same, a toll rate not greater than the maximum rate allowed by
  law to be charged and received for the passage of a vehicle  drawn  over
  such  road  or  bridge  by  two  animals,  provided  that for such motor
  vehicles designed to carry only two persons the rate of toll charged  or
  received  shall not exceed the maximum rate allowed by law to be charged
  and received for the passage of  a  vehicle  drawn  over  such  road  or
  bridge, without a load, by a single animal.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 12 - Other Provisions › 392 - False Statements, Alteration of Records or Substitution in Connection With Any Examination.

§ 392. False  statements,  alteration  of  records  or substitution in
  connection with any examination. Any person  knowingly  making  a  false
  statement  in an application for any document issued by the commissioner
  or in any proof or statement in  writing  in  connection  with  such  an
  application,  or  who  shall  deceive  or substitute or cause another to
  deceive or substitute in connection with any examination  hereunder,  or
  who shall wilfully alter a number plate (except for restoration purposes
  pursuant  to schedule G of subdivision seven of section four hundred one
  of this chapter), or make a material alteration on any  document  issued
  pursuant  to  this  chapter,  or unlawfully use a validating device on a
  certificate of registration, license or any other form, shall be  guilty
  of  a misdemeanor. A person who operates a motor vehicle upon the public
  highway displaying or using any document that he or she knows  has  been
  obtained in violation of this section, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
  Nothing  contained  in  this  section shall prohibit the imposition of a
  charge of any other offense set forth  in  this  chapter  or  any  other
  provision of law for any acts arising out of the same incident.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 12 - Other Provisions › 392-A - Sale or Purchase of Stolen, False or Fraudulent License, Identification Card, Certificate of Registration, or Number Plate.

§ 392-a. Sale  or  purchase  of  stolen,  false or fraudulent license,
  identification card, certificate of registration,  or  number  plate.  A
  person  who knowingly sells or offers to sell or buys or offers to buy a
  false, fraudulent or stolen license, identification card, certificate of
  registration or number plate, shall be guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  as  a
  first  offense  and  a  class E felony as a second or subsequent offense
  committed within ten years of the prior offense.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 12 - Other Provisions › 392-B - Powers of Motor Vehicle Investigators.

§ 392-b. Powers  of  motor vehicle investigators. Investigators of the
  department of motor vehicles during the course of and actual performance
  of their official duties shall have all the powers of peace officers, as
  set forth in section 2.20 of the criminal procedure law.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 12 - Other Provisions › 393 - Measurement and Weight of Vehicles; Responsibility for Damages.

§ 393. Measurement and weight of vehicles; responsibility for damages.
  Any  peace officer in this state, acting pursuant to his special duties,
  police officer or employee of the department of  transportation,  having
  reason  to  believe  that any vehicle registered under the provisions of
  subdivision seven or eight of section four hundred one or  described  in
  section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter or the load thereon is
  unlawful is authorized to stop, measure and weigh the same on any public
  highway  by  means  of  portable  or stationary measures and scales. Any
  peace officer in this state, acting pursuant to his special  duties,  or
  police  officer  may  require  that  such vehicle shall be driven to the
  nearest scales in the event such scales are within three miles,  and  if
  he  finds  that such vehicle is loaded in violation of the provisions of
  said subdivision seven or eight of section four hundred one  or  section
  three  hundred eighty-five, he shall cause the excess load to be removed
  from such vehicle; and all material or goods so removed shall be removed
  and cared for by the owner or operator of such vehicle at  the  risk  of
  such  owner or operator of such vehicle; provided further that the owner
  and operator of any vehicle unlawfully operated or moved on any highway,
  or over any bridge or culvert in any highway, and  the  carrier  in  the
  conduct  of whose business such vehicle is being operated at the time of
  violation, if such vehicle is then being  operated  in  the  conduct  of
  business  of a motor carrier, shall be jointly and severally responsible
  for all damages to such highway, bridge or culvert, as the result of the
  movement thereover of any vehicle, the weight or size of which  violates
  any  of  the  provisions  of said section three hundred eighty-five. The
  department of transportation,  in  the  case  of  highways,  bridges  or
  culverts  under  its jurisdiction, and the authority having jurisdiction
  thereover, in the case of highways, bridges or culverts situated  within
  municipalities, may bring such civil action or actions against the owner
  and  operator of the vehicle or the motor carrier as may be necessary to
  recover the damages sustained; and all funds recovered by the department
  of transportation in behalf of the state shall  be  paid  to  the  state
  treasurer  to  the  credit of the fund available for the maintenance and
  repair  of  state  highways,  and  funds  recovered  in  behalf   of   a
  municipality  shall  be  applied  in improving the highways, bridges and
  culverts in such municipality.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 12 - Other Provisions › 393-A - Inspection of Commercial Motor Vehicles Exceeding Ten Thousand Pounds Manufacturers' Gross Vehicle Weight Rating.

§ 393-a. Inspection   of   commercial  motor  vehicles  exceeding  ten
  thousand pounds manufacturers' gross vehicle weight rating.  Any  police
  officer  having  lawfully  stopped  a  commercial  motor  vehicle with a
  manufacturers' gross vehicle weight rating in  excess  of  ten  thousand
  pounds  for  the purpose of conducting a motor carrier safety inspection
  may, when necessary to insure the safety of  the  officer,  the  vehicle
  occupants and the motoring public, require that the vehicle be driven to
  the  nearest  safe  inspection  site  designated  by  such officer. Such
  location designated by the police officer shall not exceed a distance of
  five miles from the place where the vehicle was stopped.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 12 - Other Provisions › 396 - Use of State and Other Seals and Insignia on Private Vehicles Prohibited.

§ 396. Use  of  state and other seals and insignia on private vehicles
  prohibited.  1. A person who shall use any seal, device of  arms,  sign,
  lettering  or  insignia  of  the  United  States,  or  of  this state or
  political subdivision thereof, on any vehicle not owned or used  by  the
  United  States,  this  state  or  by such political subdivision thereof,
  which such seal, device of arms, sign, lettering or insignia represents,
  is guilty of a traffic infraction.
2. A person who shall use or display the  words  "Police  Department,"
  "Police"  or  any  sign, lettering or device with the letters "P.D.," or
  any other matter indicating ownership, possession or  use  by  a  police
  department,  on  any  motor  vehicle  or  motor cycle not used by a duly
  organized police department within this state and not actually  operated
  or used by a member or an employee of a duly organized police department
  on any public highway, is guilty of a traffic infraction.
3.  A  person  who  shall  use or display the words "Fire Department,"
  "Fire" or any sign, lettering or device with the letters "F.D.N.Y.,"  or
  any  other  matter  indicating  ownership,  possession  or use by a fire
  department, on any motor vehicle or motor  cycle  not  used  by  a  duly
  organized fire department within this state and not actually operated or
  used  by  a member or an employee of a duly organized fire department on
  any public highway, is guilty of a traffic infraction.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 12 - Other Provisions › 397 - Equipping Motor Vehicles With Radio Receiving Sets Capable of Receiving Signals on the Frequencies Allocated for Police Use.

§ 397. Equipping  motor  vehicles with radio receiving sets capable of
  receiving signals on the  frequencies  allocated  for  police  use.    A
  person,  not  a  police officer or peace officer, acting pursuant to his
  special duties, who equips a motor vehicle with a  radio  receiving  set
  capable of receiving signals on the frequencies allocated for police use
  or  knowingly  uses  a  motor  vehicle  so  equipped  or  who in any way
  knowingly interferes with the transmission  of  radio  messages  by  the
  police  without  having  first secured a permit so to do from the person
  authorized to issue such a permit by the local governing body  or  board
  of the city, town or village in which such person resides, or where such
  person  resides outside of a city or village in a county having a county
  police department by the board of supervisors of such county, is  guilty
  of  a  misdemeanor,  punishable  by  a  fine  not exceeding one thousand
  dollars, or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both.  Nothing  in
  this  section  contained  shall  be construed to apply to any person who
  holds a valid amateur radio operator's license  issued  by  the  federal
  communications  commission  and  who  operates  a duly licensed portable
  mobile transmitter and in connection therewith a receiver  or  receiving
  set  on  frequencies exclusively allocated by the federal communications
  commission to duly licensed radio amateurs.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 12 - Other Provisions › 397-A - Radar Detectors and Laser Detectors Prohibited.

§  397-a.  Radar detectors and laser detectors prohibited. 1. No radar
  detector or laser detector shall be used in any  motor  vehicle  with  a
  gross  vehicle weight rating of more than eighteen thousand pounds or in
  any commercial vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of  more  than
  ten  thousand pounds.   The presence in such vehicle of a radar detector
  or laser detector connected  to  a  power  source  and  in  an  operable
  condition  is  presumptive  evidence  of its use by any person operating
  such vehicle.  Such presumption shall be rebutted by  any  credible  and
  reliable  evidence which tends to show that such radar detector or laser
  detector was not in use.
2.  The  provisions  of  this  section  shall  not  be  construed   as
  authorizing  the  seizure  or  forfeiture  of  a radar detector or laser
  detector, unless otherwise provided by law.
3. A violation of the provisions of this section  shall  constitute  a
  traffic infraction punishable by a fine of not less than twenty-five nor
  more than one hundred dollars.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 3 - Safety Responsibility; Financial Security; Equipment; Inspection; Size and Weight; and Other Provisions › Article 12 - Other Provisions › 397-B - Vehicle Leases That Are Not Sales or Security Interests.

§ 397-b. Vehicle  leases  that  are  not  sales or security interests.
  Notwithstanding any other  provision  of  law,  in  the  case  of  motor
  vehicles  or  trailers which are not vehicles or trailers leased or used
  primarily for personal, family, or  household  purposes,  a  transaction
  does  not  create a conditional sale or security interest merely because
  it provides that the  rental  price  is  permitted  or  required  to  be
  adjusted  under  the agreement either upward or downward by reference to
  the amount realized upon sale or other disposition of the motor  vehicle
  or trailer.