reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 170 - Forgery and Related Offenses › 170.05 - Forgery in the Third Degree.

§ 170.05 Forgery in the third degree.
A person is guilty of forgery in the third degree when, with intent to
  defraud,  deceive  or  injure  another,  he  falsely makes, completes or
  alters a written instrument.
Forgery in the third degree is a class A misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 170 - Forgery and Related Offenses › 170.10 - Forgery in the Second Degree.

§ 170.10 Forgery in the second degree.
A  person  is guilty of forgery in the second degree when, with intent
  to defraud, deceive or injure another, he falsely  makes,  completes  or
  alters  a  written  instrument  which  is or purports to be, or which is
  calculated to become or to represent if completed:
1. A deed, will, codicil, contract, assignment, commercial instrument,
  credit card, as that term is defined in  subdivision  seven  of  section
  155.00,  or  other  instrument  which  does  or  may  evidence,  create,
  transfer,  terminate  or  otherwise  affect  a  legal  right,  interest,
  obligation or status; or
2.  A  public record, or an instrument filed or required or authorized
  by law to be filed in or with a public office or public servant; or
3. A written instrument officially  issued  or  created  by  a  public
  office, public servant or governmental instrumentality; or
4.  Part  of  an  issue  of  tokens,  public transportation transfers,
  certificates or other articles manufactured  and  designed  for  use  as
  symbols  of  value usable in place of money for the purchase of property
  or services; or
5. A prescription  of  a  duly  licensed  physician  or  other  person
  authorized  to  issue  the same for any drug or any instrument or device
  used in the taking or administering of drugs for which a prescription is
  required by law.
Forgery in the second degree is a class D felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 170 - Forgery and Related Offenses › 170.15 - Forgery in the First Degree.

§ 170.15 Forgery in the first degree.
A person is guilty of forgery in the first degree when, with intent to
  defraud,  deceive  or  injure  another,  he  falsely makes, completes or
  alters a written instrument which is or purports  to  be,  or  which  is
  calculated to become or to represent if completed:
1.  Part  of  an  issue of money, stamps, securities or other valuable
  instruments issued by a government or governmental instrumentality; or
2. Part of an issue of stock, bonds or other instruments  representing
  interests  in or claims against a corporate or other organization or its
  property.
Forgery in the first degree is a class C felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 170 - Forgery and Related Offenses › 170.20 - Criminal Possession of a Forged Instrument in the Third Degree.

§ 170.20 Criminal possession of a forged instrument in the third degree.
A  person  is  guilty of criminal possession of a forged instrument in
  the third degree when, with knowledge that it is forged and with  intent
  to  defraud,  deceive or injure another, he utters or possesses a forged
  instrument.
Criminal possession of a forged instrument in the third  degree  is  a
  class A misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 170 - Forgery and Related Offenses › 170.25 - Criminal Possession of a Forged Instrument in the Second Degree.

§  170.25  Criminal  possession  of  a  forged  instrument in the second
degree.
A person is guilty of criminal possession of a  forged  instrument  in
  the second degree when, with knowledge that it is forged and with intent
  to defraud, deceive or injure another, he utters or possesses any forged
  instrument of a kind specified in section 170.10.
Criminal  possession  of a forged instrument in the second degree is a
  class D felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 170 - Forgery and Related Offenses › 170.27 - Criminal Possession of a Forged Instrument in the Second Degree; Presumption.

§  170.27  Criminal  possession  of  a  forged  instrument in the second
degree; presumption.
A person who possesses two or more forged instruments, each  of  which
  purports  to  be a credit card or debit card, as those terms are defined
  in subdivisions seven and seven-a of  section  155.00,  is  presumed  to
  possess  the same with knowledge that they are forged and with intent to
  defraud, deceive or injure another.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 170 - Forgery and Related Offenses › 170.30 - Criminal Possession of a Forged Instrument in the First Degree.

§ 170.30 Criminal possession of a forged instrument in the first degree.
A  person  is  guilty of criminal possession of a forged instrument in
  the first degree when, with knowledge that it is forged and with  intent
  to defraud, deceive or injure another, he utters or possesses any forged
  instrument of a kind specified in section 170.15.
Criminal  possession  of  a forged instrument in the first degree is a
  class C felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 170 - Forgery and Related Offenses › 170.35 - Criminal Possession of a Forged Instrument; No Defense.

§ 170.35 Criminal possession of a forged instrument; no defense.
In  any prosecution for criminal possession of a forged instrument, it
  is no defense that the defendant forged or participated in  the  forgery
  of  the instrument in issue; provided that a person may not be convicted
  of both criminal possession of a  forged  instrument  and  forgery  with
  respect to the same instrument.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 170 - Forgery and Related Offenses › 170.40 - Criminal Possession of Forgery Devices.

§ 170.40 Criminal possession of forgery devices.
A person is guilty of criminal possession of forgery devices when:
1.  He  makes  or possesses with knowledge of its character any plate,
  die or other  device,  apparatus,  equipment,  or  article  specifically
  designed   for  use  in  counterfeiting  or  otherwise  forging  written
  instruments; or
2. With intent to use, or to aid or permit another to  use,  the  same
  for  purposes  of  forgery, he makes or possesses any device, apparatus,
  equipment or article capable of or adaptable to such use.
Criminal possession of forgery devices is a class D felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 170 - Forgery and Related Offenses › 170.45 - Criminal Simulation.

§ 170.45 Criminal simulation.
A person is guilty of criminal simulation when:
1.  With  intent  to  defraud,  he  makes or alters any object in such
  manner  that  it  appears  to  have  an  antiquity,  rarity,  source  or
  authorship which it does not in fact possess; or
2. With knowledge of its true character and with intent to defraud, he
  utters or possesses an object so simulated.
Criminal simulation is a class A misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 170 - Forgery and Related Offenses › 170.47 - Criminal Possession of an Anti-Security Item.

§ 170.47 Criminal possession of an anti-security item.
A  person  is  guilty of criminal possession of an anti-security item,
  when with intent to steal property at a retail mercantile  establishment
  as defined in article twelve-B of the general business law, he knowingly
  possesses  in  such an establishment an item designed for the purpose of
  overcoming detection of  security  markings  or  attachments  placed  on
  property offered for sale at such an establishment.
Criminal possession of an anti-security item is a class B misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 170 - Forgery and Related Offenses › 170.50 - Unlawfully Using Slugs; Definitions of Terms.

§ 170.50 Unlawfully using slugs; definitions of terms.
The  following  definitions  are  applicable  to  sections  170.55 and
  170.60:
1. "Coin machine" means a coin  box,  turnstile,  vending  machine  or
  other  mechanical  or  electronic  device  or receptacle designed (a) to
  receive a coin or bill or a token made  for  the  purpose,  and  (b)  in
  return  for the insertion or deposit thereof, automatically to offer, to
  provide, to assist in providing or to permit  the  acquisition  of  some
  property or some service.
2.  "Slug"  means  an  object or article which, by virtue of its size,
  shape or any other quality, is capable of being inserted or deposited in
  a coin machine as an improper substitute for a  genuine  coin,  bill  or
  token.
3.  "Value"  of  a slug means the value of the coin, bill or token for
  which it is capable of being substituted.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 170 - Forgery and Related Offenses › 170.55 - Unlawfully Using Slugs in the Second Degree.

§ 170.55 Unlawfully using slugs in the second degree.
A  person  is  guilty  of  unlawfully using slugs in the second degree
  when:
1. With intent to defraud the owner of a coin machine, he  inserts  or
  deposits a slug in such machine; or
2.  He  makes, possesses or disposes of a slug with intent to enable a
  person to insert or deposit it in a coin machine.
Unlawfully using slugs in the second degree is a class B misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 170 - Forgery and Related Offenses › 170.60 - Unlawfully Using Slugs in the First Degree.

§ 170.60 Unlawfully using slugs in the first degree.
A  person is guilty of unlawfully using slugs in the first degree when
  he makes, possesses or disposes of slugs with intent to enable a  person
  to insert or deposit them in a coin machine, and the value of such slugs
  exceeds one hundred dollars.
Unlawfully using slugs in the first degree is a class E felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 170 - Forgery and Related Offenses › 170.65 - Forgery of a Vehicle Identification Number.

§ 170.65 Forgery of a vehicle identification number.
A person is guilty of forgery of a vehicle identification number when:
(1)  He  knowingly  destroys,  covers,  defaces,  alters  or otherwise
changes the form or appearance of a vehicle identification number on any
vehicle or component part thereof, except tires; or
(2) He removes any such  number  from  a  vehicle  or  component  part
thereof, except as required by the provisions of the vehicle and traffic
law; or
(3) He affixes a vehicle identification number to a vehicle, except in
accordance with the provisions of the vehicle and traffic law.
(4)  He  or  she,  with  intent  to  defraud,  knowingly manufactures,
produces or reproduces a vehicle identification number label, sticker or
plate which was not manufactured, produced or reproduced  in  accordance
with the rules and regulations promulgated by the United States National
Highway  Safety  Administration and/or in accordance with the provisions
of the state vehicle and traffic law.
Forgery of a vehicle identification number is a class E felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 170 - Forgery and Related Offenses › 170.70 - Illegal Possession of a Vehicle Identification Number.

§ 170.70 Illegal possession of a vehicle identification number.
A  person  is guilty of illegal possession of a vehicle identification
number when:
(1) He knowingly possesses  a  vehicle  identification  number  label,
sticker or plate which has been removed from the vehicle or vehicle part
to which such label, sticker or plate was affixed by the manufacturer in
accordance  with  49  U.S.C.  section  32101,  et  seq.  and regulations
promulgated thereunder or in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the
vehicle and traffic law; or
(2)  He  knowingly  possesses  a  vehicle  or vehicle part to which is
attached a vehicle identification number label, sticker or plate  or  on
which  is  stamped or embossed a vehicle identification number which has
been destroyed, covered, defaced, altered or  otherwise  changed,  or  a
vehicle  or  vehicle  part  from  which  a vehicle identification number
label, sticker or plate has been removed, which label, sticker or  plate
was  affixed  in  accordance  with  49  U.S.C. section 32101, et seq. or
regulations promulgated thereunder, except when he has complied with the
provisions of the vehicle and traffic law  and  regulations  promulgated
thereunder; or
(3) He knowingly possesses a vehicle, or part of a vehicle to which by
law  or  regulation  must  be  attached a vehicle identification number,
either (a) with a vehicle identification number label, sticker, or plate
which was not affixed by the manufacturer in accordance with  49  U.S.C.
section  32101,  et  seq.  or  regulations promulgated thereunder, or in
accordance with the  provisions  of  the  vehicle  and  traffic  law  or
regulations  promulgated thereunder, or (b) on which is affixed, stamped
or embossed a vehicle  identification  number  which  was  not  affixed,
stamped or embossed by the manufacturer, or in accordance with 49 U.S.C.
section  32101,  et  seq.  or  regulations  promulgated thereunder or in
accordance with the  provisions  of  the  vehicle  and  traffic  law  or
regulations promulgated thereunder.
Illegal  possession  of  a  vehicle identification number is a class E
felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 170 - Forgery and Related Offenses › 170.71 - Illegal Possession of a Vehicle Identification Number; Presumptions.

§ 170.71 Illegal   possession   of   a  vehicle  identification  number;
presumptions.
(1) A person is presumed to knowingly possess  a  vehicle  or  vehicle
part  in  violation  of  subdivision  two  of  section  170.70,  when he
possesses any combination of five  such  whole  vehicles  or  individual
vehicle  parts,  none  of which are attached to or contained in the same
vehicle.
(2) A person is presumed to knowingly possess  a  vehicle  or  vehicle
part  in  violation  of  subdivision  three  of  section 170.70, when he
possesses any combination of five  such  whole  vehicles  or  individual
vehicle  parts,  none  of which are attached to or contained in the same
vehicle.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 170 - Forgery and Related Offenses › 170.75 - Fraudulent Making of an Electronic Access Device in the Second Degree.

§ 170.75 Fraudulent  making of an electronic access device in the second
degree.
A person is guilty of fraudulent making of an electronic access device
  in the second degree when, with intent to  defraud,  deceive  or  injure
  another,  he  falsely  makes, completes or alters two or more electronic
  access devices, as that term is defined in subdivision eight of  section
  170.00 of this article.
Fraudulent  making of an electronic access device in the second degree
  is a class D felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 175 - Offenses Involving False Written Statements › 175.00 - Definitions of Terms.

§ 175.00 Definitions of terms.
The following definitions are applicable to this article:
1.  "Enterprise" means any entity of one or more persons, corporate or
  otherwise,  public  or  private,  engaged   in   business,   commercial,
  professional,    industrial,    eleemosynary,   social,   political   or
  governmental activity.
2. "Business record" means any writing or article, including  computer
  data  or a computer program, kept or maintained by an enterprise for the
  purpose of evidencing or reflecting its condition or activity.
3. "Written instrument" means any  instrument  or  article,  including
  computer  data  or  a  computer  program,  containing written or printed
  matter or the equivalent thereof, used  for  the  purpose  of  reciting,
  embodying,  conveying or recording information, or constituting a symbol
  or evidence of value,  right,  privilege  or  identification,  which  is
  capable of being used to the advantage or disadvantage of some person.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 175 - Offenses Involving False Written Statements › 175.05 - Falsifying Business Records in the Second Degree.

§ 175.05 Falsifying business records in the second degree.
A person is guilty of falsifying business records in the second degree
  when, with intent to defraud, he:
1.  Makes  or  causes  a  false  entry  in  the business records of an
  enterprise; or
2. Alters, erases, obliterates, deletes, removes or  destroys  a  true
  entry in the business records of an enterprise; or
3. Omits to make a true entry in the business records of an enterprise
  in violation of a duty to do so which he knows to be imposed upon him by
  law or by the nature of his position; or
4.  Prevents the making of a true entry or causes the omission thereof
  in the business records of an enterprise.
Falsifying business  records  in  the  second  degree  is  a  class  A
  misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 175 - Offenses Involving False Written Statements › 175.10 - Falsifying Business Records in the First Degree.

§ 175.10 Falsifying business records in the first degree.
A  person is guilty of falsifying business records in the first degree
  when he commits the crime of falsifying business records in  the  second
  degree,  and  when  his  intent  to defraud includes an intent to commit
  another crime or to aid or conceal the commission thereof.
Falsifying business records in the first degree is a class E felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 175 - Offenses Involving False Written Statements › 175.15 - Falsifying Business Records; Defense.

§ 175.15 Falsifying business records; defense.
In   any  prosecution  for  falsifying  business  records,  it  is  an
  affirmative defense that the defendant was a clerk, bookkeeper or  other
  employee  who,  without  personal benefit, merely executed the orders of
  his employer or of a superior officer or employee  generally  authorized
  to direct his activities.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 175 - Offenses Involving False Written Statements › 175.20 - Tampering With Public Records in the Second Degree.

§ 175.20 Tampering with public records in the second degree.
A  person  is  guilty  of  tampering with public records in the second
  degree when, knowing that he does  not  have  the  authority  of  anyone
  entitled  to  grant  it,  he  knowingly  removes,  mutilates,  destroys,
  conceals, makes a false entry in or falsely alters any record  or  other
  written instrument filed with, deposited in, or otherwise constituting a
  record of a public office or public servant.
Tampering  with  public  records  in  the  second  degree is a Class A
  misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 175 - Offenses Involving False Written Statements › 175.25 - Tampering With Public Records in the First Degree.

§ 175.25 Tampering with public records in the first degree.
A  person  is  guilty  of  tampering  with public records in the first
  degree when, knowing that he does  not  have  the  authority  of  anyone
  entitled  to grant it, and with intent to defraud, he knowingly removes,
  mutilates, destroys, conceals, makes a false entry in or falsely  alters
  any  record  or  other  written  instrument filed with, deposited in, or
  otherwise constituting a record of a public office or public servant.
Tampering with public records in the first degree is a class D felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 175 - Offenses Involving False Written Statements › 175.30 - Offering a False Instrument for Filing in the Second Degree.

§ 175.30 Offering a false instrument for filing in the second degree.
A  person  is  guilty of offering a false instrument for filing in the
  second degree when, knowing that a written instrument contains  a  false
  statement  or  false  information,  he offers or presents it to a public
  office or public servant with the knowledge or belief that  it  will  be
  filed  with, registered or recorded in or otherwise become a part of the
  records of such public office or public servant.
Offering a false instrument for filing in the second degree is a class
  A misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 175 - Offenses Involving False Written Statements › 175.35 - Offering a False Instrument for Filing in the First Degree.

§ 175.35 Offering a false instrument for filing in the first degree.
A  person  is  guilty of offering a false instrument for filing in the
first degree when:
1. knowing that a written instrument contains  a  false  statement  or
false information, and with intent to defraud the state or any political
subdivision,  public  authority  or  public  benefit  corporation of the
state, he or she offers or  presents  it  to  a  public  office,  public
servant,  public  authority  or  public  benefit  corporation  with  the
knowledge or belief that it will be filed with, registered  or  recorded
in  or  otherwise  become  a  part of the records of such public office,
public servant, public authority or public benefit corporation; or
2. (a) he or she commits the crime of offering a false instrument  for
filing in the second degree; and
(b) such instrument is a financing statement the contents of which are
prescribed  by  section  9--502  of  the  uniform  commercial  code, the
collateral asserted to be covered in such statement is the property of a
person who is a state or local officer as defined by section two of  the
public  officers  law  or  who  otherwise  is  a judge or justice of the
unified court system, such financing statement does  not  relate  to  an
actual  transaction,  and  he  or  she filed such financing statement in
retaliation for the performance of official duties by such person.
Offering a false instrument for filing in the first degree is a  class
E felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 175 - Offenses Involving False Written Statements › 175.40 - Issuing a False Certificate.

§ 175.40 Issuing a false certificate.
A person is guilty of issuing a false certificate when, being a public
  servant  authorized  by  law  to  make or issue official certificates or
  other official written instruments, and with intent to defraud,  deceive
  or  injure  another  person,  he issues such an instrument, or makes the
  same with intent that it be issued, knowing that  it  contains  a  false
  statement or false information.
Issuing a false certificate is a class E felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 175 - Offenses Involving False Written Statements › 175.45 - Issuing a False Financial Statement.

§ 175.45 Issuing a false financial statement.
A  person  is guilty of issuing a false financial statement when, with
  intent to defraud:
1. He knowingly makes or utters a written instrument which purports to
  describe the financial condition or ability to pay of  some  person  and
  which is inaccurate in some material respect; or
2.  He  represents  in writing that a written instrument purporting to
  describe a person's financial condition or ability to pay as of a  prior
  date  is  accurate  with  respect  to  such  person's  current financial
  condition  or  ability  to  pay,  whereas  he  knows  it  is  materially
  inaccurate in that respect.
Issuing a false financial statement is a class A misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 176 - Insurance Fraud › 176.00 - Insurance Fraud; Definition of Terms.

§ 176.00 Insurance fraud; definition of terms.
The following definitions are applicable to this article:
1.  "Insurance  policy" has the meaning assigned to insurance contract
by subsection (a) of  section  one  thousand  one  hundred  one  of  the
insurance  law  except it shall include reinsurance contracts, purported
insurance policies and purported reinsurance contracts.
2. "Statement" includes, but is not limited to, any notice,  proof  of
loss,  bill  of  lading, invoice, account, estimate of property damages,
bill for services, diagnosis, prescription, hospital or doctor  records,
x-ray, test result, and other evidence of loss, injury or expense.
3. "Person" includes any individual, firm, association or corporation.
4. "Personal insurance" means a policy of insurance insuring a natural
person against any of the following contingencies:
(a)  loss  of  or  damage  to  real  property  used  predominantly for
residential purposes and which consists of not more than  four  dwelling
units, other than hotels, motels and rooming houses;
(b)  loss  of  or damage to personal property which is not used in the
conduct of a business;
(c) losses or liabilities arising out of the ownership, operation,  or
use of a motor vehicle, predominantly used for non-business purposes;
(d)  other liabilities for loss of, damage to, or injury to persons or
property, not arising from the conduct of a business;
(e) death, including death by personal injury, or the continuation  of
life,  or  personal injury by accident, or sickness, disease or ailment,
excluding insurance providing disability benefits  pursuant  to  article
nine of the workers' compensation law.
A policy of insurance which insures any of the contingencies listed in
paragraphs  (a)  through  (e)  of  this  subdivision  as  well  as other
contingencies shall be personal insurance if that portion of the  annual
premium  attributable  to  the listed contingencies exceeds that portion
attributable to other contingencies.
5.  "Commercial  insurance"  means  insurance  other   than   personal
insurance,   and  shall  also  include  insurance  providing  disability
benefits pursuant to article nine  of  the  workers'  compensation  law,
insurance  providing  workers'  compensation  benefits  pursuant  to the
provisions of the workers' compensation law  and  any  program  of  self
insurance providing similar benefits.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 176 - Insurance Fraud › 176.05 - Insurance Fraud; Defined.

§ 176.05 Insurance fraud; defined.
A  fraudulent  insurance act is committed by any person who, knowingly
and with intent to defraud presents, causes to be presented, or prepares
with knowledge or belief that it will be presented to or by an  insurer,
self  insurer,  or  purported insurer, or purported self insurer, or any
agent thereof:
1. any written statement as part of, or in support of, an  application
for  the issuance of, or the rating of a commercial insurance policy, or
certificate or evidence of self insurance for  commercial  insurance  or
commercial  self  insurance,  or  a  claim  for payment or other benefit
pursuant to an insurance policy or self insurance program for commercial
or personal insurance that he or she knows to:
(a) contain materially false information concerning any fact  material
thereto; or
(b) conceal, for the purpose of misleading, information concerning any
fact material thereto; or
2.  any written statement or other physical evidence as part of, or in
support of, an application  for  the  issuance  of  a  health  insurance
policy,  or a policy or contract or other authorization that provides or
allows coverage for, membership or enrollment in, or other services of a
public or private health plan, or a claim for payment, services or other
benefit pursuant to such policy, contract or plan that he or  she  knows
to:
(a)  contain materially false information concerning any material fact
thereto; or
(b) conceal, for the purpose of misleading, information concerning any
fact material thereto.
Such policy or contract or plan or authorization  shall  include,  but
not  be  limited to, those issued or operating pursuant to any public or
governmentally-sponsored or supported plan for health care  coverage  or
services  or  those  otherwise issued or operated by entities authorized
pursuant to the public health law. For purposes of this  subdivision  an
"application  for  the  issuance of a health insurance policy" shall not
include (i) any application for a health insurance  policy  or  contract
approved  by  the  superintendent  of financial services pursuant to the
provisions of sections three thousand two hundred sixteen, four thousand
three hundred four, four  thousand  three  hundred  twenty-one  or  four
thousand  three  hundred  twenty-two  of  the insurance law or any other
application for a health insurance policy or contract  approved  by  the
superintendent of financial services in the individual or direct payment
market;  or  (ii)  any application for a certificate evidencing coverage
under a self-insured plan or under a  group  contract  approved  by  the
superintendent of financial services.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 176 - Insurance Fraud › 176.10 - Insurance Fraud in the Fifth Degree.

§ 176.10 Insurance fraud in the fifth degree.
A  person  is  guilty  of  insurance fraud in the fifth degree when he
  commits a fraudulent insurance act.
Insurance fraud in the fifth degree is a class A misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 176 - Insurance Fraud › 176.15 - Insurance Fraud in the Fourth Degree.

§ 176.15 Insurance fraud in the fourth degree.
A  person  is  guilty  of insurance fraud in the fourth degree when he
  commits a fraudulent insurance act and thereby wrongfully takes, obtains
  or withholds,  or  attempts  to  wrongfully  take,  obtain  or  withhold
  property with a value in excess of one thousand dollars.
Insurance fraud in the fourth degree is a class E felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 176 - Insurance Fraud › 176.20 - Insurance Fraud in the Third Degree.

§ 176.20 Insurance fraud in the third degree.
A  person  is  guilty  of  insurance fraud in the third degree when he
  commits a fraudulent insurance act and thereby wrongfully takes, obtains
  or withholds,  or  attempts  to  wrongfully  take,  obtain  or  withhold
  property with a value in excess of three thousand dollars.
Insurance fraud in the third degree is a class D felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 176 - Insurance Fraud › 176.25 - Insurance Fraud in the Second Degree.

§ 176.25 Insurance fraud in the second degree.
A  person  is  guilty  of insurance fraud in the second degree when he
  commits a fraudulent insurance act and thereby wrongfully takes, obtains
  or withholds,  or  attempts  to  wrongfully  take,  obtain  or  withhold
  property with a value in excess of fifty thousand dollars.
Insurance fraud in the second degree is a class C felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 176 - Insurance Fraud › 176.30 - Insurance Fraud in the First Degree.

§ 176.30 Insurance fraud in the first degree.
A  person  is  guilty  of  insurance fraud in the first degree when he
  commits a fraudulent insurance act and thereby wrongfully takes, obtains
  or withholds,  or  attempts  to  wrongfully  take,  obtain  or  withhold
  property with a value in excess of one million dollars.
Insurance fraud in the first degree is a class B felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 176 - Insurance Fraud › 176.35 - Aggravated Insurance Fraud.

§ 176.35 Aggravated insurance fraud.
A  person is guilty of aggravated insurance fraud in the fourth degree
  when he commits a fraudulent insurance  act,  and  has  been  previously
  convicted  within  the preceding five years of any offense, an essential
  element of which is the commission of a fraudulent insurance act.
Aggravated insurance fraud in the fourth degree is a class D felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 176 - Insurance Fraud › 176.40 - Fraudulent Life Settlement Act; Defined.

§ 176.40 Fraudulent life settlement act; defined.
A  fraudulent  life  settlement  act  is  committed by any person who,
knowingly and with intent to defraud, presents, causes to be  presented,
or  prepares  with  knowledge or belief that it will be presented to, or
by, a life settlement provider, life settlement broker, life  settlement
intermediary,  or  any  agent  thereof,  or  to  any  owner  any written
statement or other physical evidence as part of, or in  support  of,  an
application for a life settlement contract, a claim for payment or other
benefit under a life settlement contract, which the person knows to:
(1)  contain materially false information concerning any material fact
thereto; or
(2) conceal, for the purpose of misleading, information concerning any
fact material thereto.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 176 - Insurance Fraud › 176.45 - Life Settlement Fraud in the Fifth Degree.

§ 176.45 Life settlement fraud in the fifth degree.
A  person  is guilty of life settlement fraud in the fifth degree when
  he or she commits a fraudulent life settlement act.
Life settlement fraud in the fifth degree is a class A misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 176 - Insurance Fraud › 176.50 - Life Settlement Fraud in the Fourth Degree.

§ 176.50 Life settlement fraud in the fourth degree.
A  person is guilty of life settlement fraud in the fourth degree when
  he  or  she  commits  a  fraudulent  life  settlement  act  and  thereby
  wrongfully  takes, obtains or withholds, or attempts to wrongfully take,
  obtain or withhold property  with  a  value  in  excess  of  twenty-five
  thousand dollars.
Life settlement fraud in the fourth degree is a class E felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 176 - Insurance Fraud › 176.55 - Life Settlement Fraud in the Third Degree.

§ 176.55 Life settlement fraud in the third degree.
A  person  is guilty of life settlement fraud in the third degree when
  he  or  she  commits  a  fraudulent  life  settlement  act  and  thereby
  wrongfully  takes, obtains or withholds, or attempts to wrongfully take,
  obtain or withhold property with a value in  excess  of  fifty  thousand
  dollars.
Life settlement fraud in the third degree is a class D felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 176 - Insurance Fraud › 176.60 - Life Settlement Fraud in the Second Degree.

§ 176.60 Life settlement fraud in the second degree.
A  person is guilty of life settlement fraud in the second degree when
  he  or  she  commits  a  fraudulent  life  settlement  act  and  thereby
  wrongfully  takes, obtains or withholds, or attempts to wrongfully take,
  obtain or withhold property with  a  value  in  excess  of  one  hundred
  thousand dollars.
Life settlement fraud in the second degree is a class C felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 176 - Insurance Fraud › 176.65 - Life Settlement Fraud in the First Degree.

§ 176.65 Life settlement fraud in the first degree.
A  person  is guilty of life settlement fraud in the first degree when
  he  or  she  commits  a  fraudulent  life  settlement  act  and  thereby
  wrongfully  takes, obtains or withholds, or attempts to wrongfully take,
  obtain or withhold property with  a  value  in  excess  of  one  million
  dollars.
Life settlement fraud in the first degree is a class B felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 176 - Insurance Fraud › 176.70 - Aggravated Life Settlement Fraud.

§ 176.70 Aggravated life settlement fraud.
A  person is guilty of aggravated life settlement fraud when he or she
  commits a fraudulent  life  settlement  act,  and  has  been  previously
  convicted  within  the preceding five years of any offense, an essential
  element of which is the commission of a fraudulent life settlement act.
Aggravated life settlement fraud is a class D felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 176 - Insurance Fraud › 176.75 - Staging a Motor Vehicle Accident in the Second Degree.

§ 176.75 Staging a motor vehicle accident in the second degree.
A  person  is guilty of staging a motor vehicle accident in the second
  degree when, with intent to commit and in furtherance  of  a  fraudulent
  insurance  act,  he  or  she  operates a motor vehicle and intentionally
  causes a collision involving a motor vehicle.
Staging a motor vehicle accident in the second degree  is  a  class  E
  felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 176 - Insurance Fraud › 176.80 - Staging a Motor Vehicle Accident in the First Degree.

§ 176.80 Staging a motor vehicle accident in the first degree.
A  person  is  guilty of staging a motor vehicle accident in the first
  degree when he or she commits the offense of  staging  a  motor  vehicle
  accident in the second degree and thereby causes serious physical injury
  or death to another person, other than a participant in such offense.
Staging  a  motor  vehicle  accident  in the first degree is a class D
  felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 177 - Health Care Fraud › 177.00 - Definitions.

§ 177.00 Definitions.
The following definitions are applicable to this article:
1.  "Health  plan"  means  any  publicly  or  privately  funded health
  insurance or managed care plan or contract, under which any health  care
  item  or  service  is provided, and through which payment may be made to
  the person who provided the health care item  or  service.  The  state's
  medical  assistance  program  (Medicaid)  shall  be  considered a single
  health plan.  For purposes of this article, a payment made  pursuant  to
  the  state's  managed  care  program  as  defined  in  paragraph  (c) of
  subdivision one of section three  hundred  sixty-four-j  of  the  social
  services law shall be deemed a payment by the state's medical assistance
  program (Medicaid).
2.  "Person" means any individual or entity, other than a recipient of
  a health care item or service under a health plan unless such  recipient
  acts as an accessory to such an individual or entity.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 177 - Health Care Fraud › 177.05 - Health Care Fraud in the Fifth Degree.

§ 177.05 Health care fraud in the fifth degree.
A person is guilty of health care fraud in the fifth degree when, with
  intent  to  defraud  a  health  plan,  he or she knowingly and willfully
  provides materially false information or omits material information  for
  the  purpose  of requesting payment from a health plan for a health care
  item or service and, as a result of such information or omission, he  or
  she or another person receives payment in an amount that he, she or such
  other person is not entitled to under the circumstances.
Health care fraud in the fifth degree is a class A misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 177 - Health Care Fraud › 177.10 - Health Care Fraud in the Fourth Degree.

§ 177.10 Health care fraud in the fourth degree.
A person is guilty of health care fraud in the fourth degree when such
  person, on one or more occasions, commits the crime of health care fraud
  in the fifth degree and the payment or portion of the payment wrongfully
  received,  as the case may be, from a single health plan, in a period of
  not more than one year, exceeds three thousand dollars in the aggregate.
Health care fraud in the fourth degree is a class E felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 177 - Health Care Fraud › 177.15 - Health Care Fraud in the Third Degree.

§ 177.15 Health care fraud in the third degree.
A  person is guilty of health care fraud in the third degree when such
  person, on one or more occasions, commits the crime of health care fraud
  in the fifth degree and the payment or portion of the payment wrongfully
  received, as the case may be, from a single health plan, in a period  of
  not more than one year, exceeds ten thousand dollars in the aggregate.
Health care fraud in the third degree is a class D felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 177 - Health Care Fraud › 177.20 - Health Care Fraud in the Second Degree.

§ 177.20 Health care fraud in the second degree.
A person is guilty of health care fraud in the second degree when such
  person, on one or more occasions, commits the crime of health care fraud
  in the fifth degree and the payment or portion of the payment wrongfully
  received,  as the case may be, from a single health plan, in a period of
  not more than one year, exceeds fifty thousand dollars in the aggregate.
Health care fraud in the second degree is a class C felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 177 - Health Care Fraud › 177.25 - Health Care Fraud in the First Degree.

§ 177.25 Health care fraud in the first degree.
A  person is guilty of health care fraud in the first degree when such
  person, on one or more occasions, commits the crime of health care fraud
  in the fifth degree and the payment or portion of the payment wrongfully
  received, as the case may be, from a single health plan, in a period  of
  not more than one year, exceeds one million dollars in the aggregate.
Health care fraud in the first degree is a class B felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 177 - Health Care Fraud › 177.30 - Health Care Fraud; Affirmative Defense.

§ 177.30 Health care fraud; affirmative defense.
In  any  prosecution  under  this  article, it shall be an affirmative
  defense that the defendant was a clerk, bookkeeper  or  other  employee,
  other  than  an employee charged with the active management and control,
  in an executive capacity,  of  the  affairs  of  the  corporation,  who,
  without  personal  benefit,  merely  executed  the  orders of his or her
  employer or of a superior employee generally authorized to direct his or
  her activities.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 178 - Criminal Diversion of Prescription Medications and Prescriptions › 178.00 - Criminal Diversion of Prescription Medications and Prescriptions; Definitions.

§ 178.00 Criminal    diversion    of    prescription   medications   and
prescriptions; definitions.
The following definitions are applicable to this article:
1. "Prescription medication or device" means any article for  which  a
prescription  is  required  in  order  to be lawfully sold, delivered or
distributed by any person authorized by law to engage in the practice of
the profession of pharmacy.
2. "Prescription" means a direction or authorization  by  means  of  a
written prescription form or an oral prescription which permits a person
to  lawfully  obtain a prescription medication or device from any person
authorized to dispense such prescription medication or device.
3. "Criminal diversion act" means an act or acts  in  which  a  person
knowingly:
(a)  transfers  or  delivers,  in  exchange  for anything of pecuniary
value, a prescription medication or device with knowledge or  reasonable
grounds to know that the recipient has no medical need for it; or
(b)   receives,  in  exchange  for  anything  of  pecuniary  value,  a
prescription medication or device with knowledge or  reasonable  grounds
to  know  that the seller or transferor is not authorized by law to sell
or transfer such prescription medication or device; or
(c) transfers or delivers a prescription in exchange for  anything  of
pecuniary value; or
(d)  receives  a  prescription  in  exchange for anything of pecuniary
value.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 178 - Criminal Diversion of Prescription Medications and Prescriptions › 178.05 - Criminal Diversion of Prescription Medications and Prescriptions; Limitation.

§ 178.05 Criminal    diversion    of    prescription   medications   and
prescriptions; limitation.
1. The provisions of this article shall not apply to:
(a) a duly licensed physician or other person authorized  to  issue  a
prescription  acting  in  good  faith in the lawful course of his or her
profession; or
(b) a duly licensed pharmacist acting in  good  faith  in  the  lawful
course of the practice of pharmacy; or
(c)  a  person  acting  in  good faith seeking treatment for a medical
condition or assisting another person to obtain treatment for a  medical
condition.
2. No provision of this article relating to the sale of a prescription
medication  or device shall be deemed to authorize any act prohibited by
article thirty-three of the public health law  or  article  two  hundred
twenty of this chapter.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 178 - Criminal Diversion of Prescription Medications and Prescriptions › 178.10 - Criminal Diversion of Prescription Medications and Prescriptions in the Fourth Degree.

§ 178.10 Criminal    diversion    of    prescription   medications   and
prescriptions in the fourth degree.
A person is guilty of criminal diversion of  prescription  medications
  and prescriptions in the fourth degree when he or she commits a criminal
  diversion act.
Criminal  diversion  of  prescription medications and prescriptions in
  the fourth degree is a class A misdemeanor.