reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 60 - Rules of Evidence and Related Matters › 60.47 - Possession of Condoms; Receipt Into Evidence.

§ 60.47 Possession of condoms; receipt into evidence.
Evidence  that  a  person was in possession of one or more condoms may
  not be admitted  at  any  trial,  hearing,  or  other  proceeding  in  a
  prosecution  for  section  230.00  of  the  penal law for the purpose of
  establishing probable cause  for  an  arrest  or  proving  any  person's
  commission or attempted commission of such offense.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 60 - Rules of Evidence and Related Matters › 60.48 - Rules of Evidence; Admissibility of Evidence of Victim's Manner of Dress in Sex Offense Cases.

§  60.48 Rules of evidence; admissibility of evidence of victim's manner
of dress in sex offense cases.
Evidence of the manner in which the victim was dressed at the time  of
  the  commission  of  an offense may not be admitted in a prosecution for
  any offense, or an attempt to commit an offense, defined in article  one
  hundred  thirty  of the penal law, unless such evidence is determined by
  the court to be relevant and admissible in  the  interests  of  justice,
  after  an  offer  of proof by the proponent of such evidence outside the
  hearing of the jury, or such hearing as the court  may  require,  and  a
  statement  by  the  court  of  its  findings  of  fact  essential to its
  determination.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 60 - Rules of Evidence and Related Matters › 60.49 - Possession of Opioid Antagonists; Receipt Into Evidence.

§ 60.49 Possession of opioid antagonists; receipt into evidence.
1.  Evidence  that  a person was in possession of an opioid antagonist
  may not be admitted at any trial,  hearing  or  other  proceeding  in  a
  prosecution  for  any  offense  under  sections  220.03, 220.06, 220.09,
  220.16,  220.18,  or  220.21  of  the  penal  law  for  the  purpose  of
  establishing  probable  cause  for  an  arrest  or  proving any person's
  commission of such offense.
2. For the purposes of this section, opioid antagonist is defined as a
  drug  approved  by  the  Food  and  Drug   Administration   that,   when
  administered,   negates   or   neutralizes  in  whole  or  in  part  the
  pharmacological effects of an opioid in the body and shall be limited to
  naloxone and other medications approved by the department of health  for
  such purpose.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 60 - Rules of Evidence and Related Matters › 60.50 - Rules of Evidence; Statements of Defendants; Corroboration.

§ 60.50  Rules of evidence; statements of defendants; corroboration.
A person may not be convicted of any offense solely upon evidence of a
  confession  or  admission  made by him without additional proof that the
  offense charged has been committed.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 60 - Rules of Evidence and Related Matters › 60.55 - Rules of Evidence; Psychiatric Testimony in Certain Cases.

§ 60.55  Rules of evidence; psychiatric testimony in certain cases.
1.  When,  in  connection  with  the  affirmative  defense  of lack of
  criminal responsibility  by  reason  of  mental  disease  or  defect,  a
  psychiatrist  or  licensed  psychologist testifies at a trial concerning
  the defendant's mental condition at the time of the conduct  charged  to
  constitute  a  crime, he must be permitted to make a statement as to the
  nature of any examination of the defendant, the diagnosis of the  mental
  condition  of the defendant and his opinion as to the extent, if any, to
  which the capacity of the defendant to know or appreciate the nature and
  consequence of such conduct, or its  wrongfulness,  was  impaired  as  a
  result of mental disease or defect at that time.
The  psychiatrist  or  licensed psychologist must be permitted to make
  any explanation reasonably serving to clarify his diagnosis and opinion,
  and may be cross-examined as to any matter bearing on his competency  or
  credibility or the validity of his diagnosis or opinion.
2.  Any  statement made by the defendant to a psychiatrist or licensed
  psychologist  during  his  examination  of  the   defendant   shall   be
  inadmissible in evidence on any issue other than that of the affirmative
  defense  of lack of criminal responsibility, by reason of mental disease
  or defect. The statement shall, however, be admissible upon the issue of
  the affirmative defense of lack of criminal responsibility by reason  of
  mental  disease or defect, whether or not it would otherwise be deemed a
  privileged communication. Upon receiving the statement in evidence,  the
  court must instruct the jury that the statement is to be considered only
  on the issue of such affirmative defense and may not be considered by it
  in  its  determination  of  whether  the  defendant  committed  the  act
  constituting the crime charged.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 60 - Rules of Evidence and Related Matters › 60.60 - Rules of Evidence; Certificates Concerning Judgments of Conviction and Fingerprints.

§  60.60    Rules  of  evidence;  certificates  concerning  judgments of
conviction and fingerprints.
1.  A certificate issued by a criminal court, or  the  clerk  thereof,
  certifying  that a judgment of conviction against a designated defendant
  has been entered in such court, constitutes presumptive evidence of  the
  facts stated in such certificate.
2.   A report of a public servant charged with the custody of official
  fingerprint records which contains a certification that the fingerprints
  of a designated person who has previously been convicted of  an  offense
  are   identical  with  those  of  a  defendant  in  a  criminal  action,
  constitutes presumptive evidence of the fact  that  such  defendant  has
  previously been convicted of such offense.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 60 - Rules of Evidence and Related Matters › 60.70 - Rules of Evidence; Dangerous Drugs Destroyed Pursuant to Court Order.

§  60.70  Rules of evidence; dangerous drugs destroyed pursuant to court
order.
The destruction of dangerous  drugs  pursuant  to  the  provisions  of
  article seven hundred fifteen hereof shall not preclude the admission on
  trial  or  in  a  proceeding  in  connection  therewith  of testimony or
  evidence where such testimony or  evidence  would  otherwise  have  been
  admissible if such drugs had not been destroyed.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 60 - Rules of Evidence and Related Matters › 60.75 - Rules of Evidence; Chemical Test Evidence.

§ 60.75 Rules of evidence; chemical test evidence.
In  any  prosecution  where  two  or  more  offenses  against the same
  defendant are properly joined  in  one  indictment  or  charged  in  two
  accusatory  instruments  properly  consolidated  for  trial purposes and
  where one such offense charges a violation of any subdivision of section
  eleven hundred ninety-two of the vehicle and traffic law, chemical  test
  evidence   properly   admissible   as  evidence  of  intoxication  under
  subdivision one of section eleven hundred ninety-five of such law  shall
  also,  if relevant, be received in evidence with regard to the remaining
  charges in the indictments.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 60 - Rules of Evidence and Related Matters › 60.76 - Rules of Evidence; Rape Crisis Counselor Evidence in Certain Cases.

§  60.76  Rules  of  evidence; rape crisis counselor evidence in certain
cases.
Where disclosure of a communication which would have  been  privileged
  pursuant to section forty-five hundred ten of the civil practice law and
  rules  is  sought  on  the grounds that the privilege has been waived or
  that disclosure is required pursuant to the constitution of  this  state
  or  the  United States, the party seeking disclosure must file a written
  motion supported by an affidavit containing specific factual allegations
  providing grounds that disclosure is required. Upon the filing  of  such
  motion and affidavit, the court shall conduct an in camera review of the
  communication  outside  the  presence of the jury and of counsel for all
  parties in order to determine whether disclosure of any portion  of  the
  communication is required.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 65 - Use of Closed-Circuit Television for Certain Child Witnesses › 65.00 - Definitions.

* § 65.00 Definitions.
As used in this article:
1. "Child witness" means a person fourteen years old or less who is or
  will  be  called to testify in a criminal proceeding, other than a grand
  jury proceeding, concerning an offense defined in  article  one  hundred
  thirty  of the penal law or section 255.25, 255.26 or 255.27 of such law
  which is the subject of such criminal proceeding.
2. "Vulnerable child witness" means a child witness whom a  court  has
  declared to be vulnerable.
3.  "Testimonial  room"  means  any  room, separate and apart from the
  courtroom, which is furnished  comfortably  and  less  formally  than  a
  courtroom and from which the testimony of a vulnerable child witness can
  be transmitted to the courtroom by means of live, two-way closed-circuit
  television.
4.  "Live,  two-way  closed-circuit  television"  means a simultaneous
  transmission, by closed-circuit television, or other  electronic  means,
  between  the  courtroom  and the testimonial room in accordance with the
  provisions of section 65.30.
5. "Operator" means the individual authorized by the court to  operate
  the  closed-circuit  television  equipment  used  in accordance with the
  provisions of this article.
6. A person occupies "a position of authority with respect to a child"
  when he or she is a parent, guardian or other person responsible for the
  custody or care of the child at the relevant time or is any other person
  who  maintains  an  ongoing  personal  relationship  with  such  parent,
  guardian  or  other  person  responsible  for  custody  or  care,  which
  relationship involves his or her living, or  his  or  her  frequent  and
  repeated presence, in the same household or premises as the child.
* NB Repealed September 1, 2025
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 65 - Use of Closed-Circuit Television for Certain Child Witnesses › 65.10 - Closed-Circuit Television; General Rule; Declaration of Vulnerability.

* § 65.10 Closed-circuit   television;   general  rule;  declaration  of
vulnerability.
1. A child witness shall be declared vulnerable  when  the  court,  in
  accordance with the provisions of section 65.20, determines by clear and
  convincing  evidence  that  it  is  likely  that such child witness will
  suffer serious mental or emotional harm if  required  to  testify  at  a
  criminal  proceeding  without  the  use  of live, two-way closed-circuit
  television and  that  the  use  of  such  live,  two-way  closed-circuit
  television will diminish the likelihood or extent of, such harm.
2. When the court declares a child witness to be vulnerable, it shall,
  except  as  provided in subdivision four of section 65.30, authorize the
  taking of the  testimony  of  the  vulnerable  child  witness  from  the
  testimonial  room  by  means of live, two-way closed-circuit television.
  Under no circumstances shall the provisions of this article be construed
  to authorize a closed-circuit television system by which events  in  the
  courtroom  are  not  transmitted  to  the  testimonial  room  during the
  testimony of the vulnerable child witness.
3. Nothing herein  shall  be  contrued  to  preclude  the  court  from
  exercising  its  power  to  close  the  courtroom or from exercising any
  authority it otherwise may have to protect the well-being of  a  witness
  and the rights of the defendant.
* NB Repealed September 1, 2025
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 70 - Standards of Proof › 70.10 - Standards of Proof; Definitions of Terms.

§ 70.10  Standards of proof; definitions of terms.
The following definitions are applicable to this chapter:
1.    "Legally sufficient evidence" means competent evidence which, if
  accepted as true, would establish every element of  an  offense  charged
  and the defendant's commission thereof; except that such evidence is not
  legally sufficient when corroboration required by law is absent.
2.    "Reasonable  cause  to  believe  that  a person has committed an
  offense" exists when evidence  or  information  which  appears  reliable
  discloses  facts  or circumstances which are collectively of such weight
  and persuasiveness as to convince a  person  of  ordinary  intelligence,
  judgment  and  experience that it is reasonably likely that such offense
  was committed and that such person committed it.   Except  as  otherwise
  provided  in this chapter, such apparently reliable evidence may include
  or consist of hearsay.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 70 - Standards of Proof › 70.20 - Standards of Proof for Conviction.

§ 70.20  Standards of proof for conviction.
No  conviction  of  an  offense  by verdict is valid unless based upon
  trial evidence which is legally sufficient and which establishes  beyond
  a  reasonable  doubt  every  element of such offense and the defendant's
  commission thereof.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 2 - The Principal Proceedings › Title H - Preliminary Proceedings in Local Criminal Court › Article 95 - Pre-Criminal Proceeding Settlements › 95.00 - Pre-Criminal Proceeding Settlement.

* § 95.00 Pre-criminal proceeding settlement.
When  a  county district attorney of a county located in a city of one
  million or more recovers monies  before  the  filing  of  an  accusatory
  instrument  as  defined  in  subdivision  one  of  section  1.20 of this
  chapter, after injured parties have been appropriately compensated,  the
  district  attorney's  office  shall retain a percentage of the remaining
  such monies in recognition that such monies were recovered as  a  result
  of investigations undertaken by such office. For each recovery the total
  amount  of  such monies to be retained by the county district attorney's
  office shall equal ten percent of the first twenty-five million  dollars
  received  by such office, plus seven and one-half percent of such monies
  received by such office in excess of  twenty-five  million  dollars  but
  less  than  fifty  million dollars, plus five percent of any such monies
  received by such office in excess of fifty million dollars but less than
  one hundred million dollars, plus one percent of such monies received by
  such office in excess of one hundred million dollars. The  remainder  of
  such monies shall be paid by the district attorney's office to the state
  and  to the county in equal amounts within thirty days of receipt, where
  disposition of such monies is not otherwise prescribed  by  law.  Monies
  distributed  to  a  county  district  attorney's office pursuant to this
  section shall be used to enhance  law  enforcement  efforts  within  the
  state  of  New  York.  On  December  first  of each year, every district
  attorney shall provide the governor, temporary president of  the  senate
  and  speaker  of  the assembly with an annual report detailing the total
  amount of monies received as described herein by his or  her  office,  a
  description  of  how  and  where such funds, and an itemization of funds
  received in the previous ten years,  were  distributed  by  his  or  her
  office but shall not include a description of the distribution of monies
  where  the  disclosure  of  such  information would interfere with a law
  enforcement investigation or a  judicial  proceeding,  and  the  current
  total  balance  of  monies held on deposit for state sanctioned deferred
  prosecution agreements. The report shall include a detailed  description
  of  any entity to which funds are distributed, including but not limited
  to, whether it is  a  profit  or  not-for-profit  entity,  where  it  is
  located, and the intended use of the monies distributed, and shall state
  the law enforcement purpose.
* NB Repealed March 31, 2025
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 2 - The Principal Proceedings › Title H - Preliminary Proceedings in Local Criminal Court › Article 100 - Commencement of Action in Local Criminal Court or Youth Part of a Superior Court--Accusatory Instruments › 100.05 - Commencement of Action; in General.

§ 100.05 Commencement of action; in general.
A  criminal  action  is  commenced  by  the  filing  of  an accusatory
  instrument with a criminal court, or, in the case of a juvenile offender
  or adolescent offender, other than an adolescent offender  charged  with
  only  a  violation or traffic infraction, the youth part of the superior
  court, and if more than one such instrument is filed in  the  course  of
  the  same  criminal action, such action commences when the first of such
  instruments is filed. The only way in which a  criminal  action  can  be
  commenced  in  a  superior court, other than a criminal action against a
  juvenile offender or adolescent offender is by the filing therewith by a
  grand jury of an indictment against a defendant who has never been  held
  by a local criminal court for the action of such grand jury with respect
  to any charge contained in such indictment. Otherwise, a criminal action
  can be commenced only in a local criminal court, by the filing therewith
  of a local criminal court accusatory instrument, namely:
1. An information; or
2. A simplified information; or
3. A prosecutor's information; or
4. A misdemeanor complaint; or
5. A felony complaint.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 2 - The Principal Proceedings › Title H - Preliminary Proceedings in Local Criminal Court › Article 100 - Commencement of Action in Local Criminal Court or Youth Part of a Superior Court--Accusatory Instruments › 100.07 - Commencement of Action; Effect of Family Court Proceeding.

§ 100.07 Commencement of action; effect of family court proceeding.
A  criminal  court  shall have concurrent jurisdiction over cognizable
  family offenses, as defined in subdivision one of section 530.11 of this
  chapter and in subdivision one of section eight hundred  twelve  of  the
  family  court  act,  notwithstanding the fact that a family court has or
  may be exercising jurisdiction over a petition under  article  eight  of
  the  family  court  act containing substantially the same allegations as
  are set forth in the accusatory instrument or indictment.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 2 - The Principal Proceedings › Title H - Preliminary Proceedings in Local Criminal Court › Article 100 - Commencement of Action in Local Criminal Court or Youth Part of a Superior Court--Accusatory Instruments › 100.15 - Information, Misdemeanor Complaint and Felony Complaint; Form and Content.

§  100.15  Information, misdemeanor complaint and felony complaint; form
and content.
1.  An information, a misdemeanor complaint  and  a  felony  complaint
must  each  specify the name of the court with which it is filed and the
title of the action, and must be subscribed and  verified  by  a  person
known  as  the "complainant."   The complainant may be any person having
knowledge, whether personal or  upon  information  and  belief,  of  the
commission  of  the  offense or offenses charged.   Each instrument must
contain an accusatory part  and  a  factual  part.    The  complainant's
verification  of  the  instrument is deemed to apply only to the factual
part thereof and not to the accusatory part.
2.  The accusatory part of each such  instrument  must  designate  the
offense  or  offenses  charged.    As  in the case of an indictment, and
subject to the rules of joinder applicable to indictments, two  or  more
offenses  may  be charged in separate counts.  Also as in the case of an
indictment, such instrument may charge two or more  defendants  provided
that  all such defendants are jointly charged with every offense alleged
therein.
3.  The factual part of such instrument must contain  a  statement  of
the complainant alleging facts of an evidentiary character supporting or
tending to support the charges.  Where more than one offense is charged,
the  factual  part should consist of a single factual account applicable
to all the counts of the accusatory part.  The factual  allegations  may
be  based  either  upon  personal  knowledge  of the complainant or upon
information and belief.   Nothing contained in  this  section,  however,
limits  or  affects  the  requirement,  prescribed in subdivision one of
section 100.40, that in order for an information or a count  thereof  to
be  sufficient on its face, every element of the offense charged and the
defendant's  commission  thereof  must  be  supported   by   non-hearsay
allegations of such information and/or any supporting depositions.
4.   Where a felony complaint charges a violent felony offense defined
in section 70.02 of the penal law and such offense is an armed felony as
defined in subdivision forty-one of section 1.20,
(a)  the accusatory part of the instrument must designate the  offense
as  an  armed  felony,  and  (b) the factual part of the instrument must
allege facts of  an  evidentiary  character  supporting  or  tending  to
support such designation.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 2 - The Principal Proceedings › Title H - Preliminary Proceedings in Local Criminal Court › Article 100 - Commencement of Action in Local Criminal Court or Youth Part of a Superior Court--Accusatory Instruments › 100.20 - Supporting Deposition; Definition, Form and Content.

§ 100.20  Supporting deposition; definition, form and content.
A  supporting deposition is a written instrument accompanying or filed
  in  connection  with  an  information,  a  simplified   information,   a
  misdemeanor  complaint or a felony complaint, subscribed and verified by
  a person other than the complainant of such accusatory  instrument,  and
  containing factual allegations of an evidentiary character, based either
  upon personal knowledge or upon information and belief, which supplement
  those  of  the  accusatory instrument and support or tend to support the
  charge or charges contained therein.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 2 - The Principal Proceedings › Title H - Preliminary Proceedings in Local Criminal Court › Article 100 - Commencement of Action in Local Criminal Court or Youth Part of a Superior Court--Accusatory Instruments › 100.30 - Information, Misdemeanor Complaint, Felony Complaint, Supporting Deposition and Proof of Service of Supporting Deposition; Verification.

§   100.30   Information,   misdemeanor   complaint,  felony  complaint,
supporting deposition and proof of  service  of  supporting
deposition; verification.
1.  An  information,  a  misdemeanor  complaint, a felony complaint, a
supporting deposition, and proof of service of a  supporting  deposition
may be verified in any of the following manners:
(a)  Such instrument may be sworn to before the court with which it is
filed.
(b) Such instrument may be sworn to before a desk officer in charge at
a police station or police headquarters or any of his superior officers.
(c) Where such instrument is filed by any public servant following the
issuance and service of an  appearance  ticket,  and  where  by  express
provision  of  law  another  designated  public servant is authorized to
administer the oath with respect to such instrument, it may be sworn  to
before such public servant.
(d)  Such instrument may bear a form notice that false statements made
therein are punishable as a class  A  misdemeanor  pursuant  to  section
210.45  of  the  penal  law,  and  such  form  notice  together with the
subscription  of  the  deponent  constitute  a   verification   of   the
instrument.
(e) Such instrument may be sworn to before a notary public.
2.  An  instrument specified in subdivision one may be verified in any
manner  prescribed  therein  unless  in  a  particular  case  the  court
expressly directs verification in a particular manner prescribed in said
subdivision one.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 2 - The Principal Proceedings › Title H - Preliminary Proceedings in Local Criminal Court › Article 100 - Commencement of Action in Local Criminal Court or Youth Part of a Superior Court--Accusatory Instruments › 100.35 - Prosecutor's Information; Form and Content.

§ 100.35  Prosecutor's information; form and content.
A prosecutor's information must contain the name of the local criminal
  court  with  which  it is filed and the title of the action, and must be
  subscribed by the district attorney by whom it is filed.   Otherwise  it
  should  be in the form prescribed for an indictment, pursuant to section
  200.50, and must, in one or more counts, allege the offense or  offenses
  charged  and  a  plain and concise statement of the conduct constituting
  each such offense.  The rules prescribed in sections 200.20  and  200.40
  governing  joinder  of  different  offenses  and  defendants in a single
  indictment are also applicable to a prosecutor's information.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 2 - The Principal Proceedings › Title H - Preliminary Proceedings in Local Criminal Court › Article 100 - Commencement of Action in Local Criminal Court or Youth Part of a Superior Court--Accusatory Instruments › 100.40 - Local Criminal Court and Youth Part of the Superior Court Accusatory Instruments; Sufficiency on Face.

§  100.40  Local  criminal  court  and  youth part of the superior court
accusatory instruments; sufficiency on face.
1. An information, or a count thereof, is sufficient on its face when:
(a) It  substantially  conforms  to  the  requirements  prescribed  in
section 100.15; and
(b)  The  allegations of the factual part of the information, together
with those of any supporting depositions which may accompany it, provide
reasonable cause to believe that the  defendant  committed  the  offense
charged in the accusatory part of the information; and
(c)  Non-hearsay  allegations  of  the factual part of the information
and/or of any supporting depositions establish, if true,  every  element
of the offense charged and the defendant's commission thereof.
2.  A  simplified  information  is  sufficient  on  its  face when, as
provided by subdivision one of section 100.25, it substantially conforms
to the requirement therefor prescribed by or pursuant to  law;  provided
that  when the filing of a supporting deposition is ordered by the court
pursuant to subdivision two of said section 100.25,  a  failure  of  the
complainant  police  officer or public servant to comply with such order
within the time provided by  subdivision  two  of  said  section  100.25
renders the simplified information insufficient on its face.
3.  A  prosecutor's  information, or a count thereof, is sufficient on
its face when it substantially conforms to the  requirements  prescribed
in section 100.35.
4.  A misdemeanor complaint or a felony complaint, or a count thereof,
is sufficient on its face when:
(a) It  substantially  conforms  to  the  requirements  prescribed  in
section 100.15; and
(b)  The allegations of the factual part of such accusatory instrument
and/or any  supporting  depositions  which  may  accompany  it,  provide
reasonable  cause  to  believe  that the defendant committed the offense
charged in the accusatory part of such instrument.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 2 - The Principal Proceedings › Title H - Preliminary Proceedings in Local Criminal Court › Article 100 - Commencement of Action in Local Criminal Court or Youth Part of a Superior Court--Accusatory Instruments › 100.45 - Information, Prosecutor's Information, Misdemeanor Complaint; Severance, Consolidation, Amendment, Bill of Particulars.

§  100.45  Information, prosecutor's information, misdemeanor complaint;
severance, consolidation, amendment, bill of particulars.
1. Where appropriate, the provisions of sections 200.20 and 200.40 and
  paragraph (n) of subdivision four of  section  20.40  of  this  chapter,
  governing  severance  of  counts  of  an  indictment  and  severance  of
  defendants  for  trial  purposes,   and   governing   consolidation   of
  indictments  for  trial purposes, apply to informations, to prosecutor's
  informations and to misdemeanor complaints.
2. The provisions of section 200.70 governing amendment of indictments
  apply to prosecutor's informations.
3. At any time before the  entry  of  a  plea  of  guilty  to  or  the
  commencement  of  a  trial  of  an  information,  the  court  may,  upon
  application  of  the  people  and  with  notice  to  the  defendant  and
  opportunity  to  be heard, order the amendment of the accusatory part of
  such information by addition of a count charging an offense supported by
  the allegations of the factual  part  of  such  information  and/or  any
  supporting  depositions  which  may  accompany  it.  In  such  case, the
  defendant must be accorded any reasonable  adjournment  necessitated  by
  the amendment.
4.  The  provisions  of section 200.95, governing bills of particulars
  with respect to  indictments,  apply  to  informations,  to  misdemeanor
  complaints and to prosecutor's informations.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 2 - The Principal Proceedings › Title H - Preliminary Proceedings in Local Criminal Court › Article 100 - Commencement of Action in Local Criminal Court or Youth Part of a Superior Court--Accusatory Instruments › 100.50 - Superseding Informations and Prosecutor's Informations.

§ 100.50  Superseding informations and prosecutor's informations.
1.  If at any time before entry of a plea of guilty to or commencement
  of  a  trial  of  an  information or a prosecutor's information, another
  information or, as the case may be, another prosecutor's information  is
  filed  with the same local criminal court charging the defendant with an
  offense charged in the first instrument, the first such  instrument  is,
  with  respect  to  such  offense, superseded by the second and, upon the
  defendant's  arraignment  upon  the  latter,  the  count  of  the  first
  instrument  charging  such  offense must be dismissed by the court.  The
  first instrument is not, however, superseded with respect to  any  count
  contained  therein  which  charges  an offense not charged in the second
  instrument.
2.  At any time before entry of a plea of guilty to or commencement of
  a trial of an information, the district attorney may file with the local
  criminal  court  a  prosecutor's  information  charging   any   offenses
  supported,  pursuant  to  the standards prescribed in subdivision one of
  section 100.40, by the allegations of the factual part of  the  original
  information  and/or  any  supporting depositions which may accompany it.
  In such case, the original information is superseded by the prosecutor's
  information and, upon the defendant's arraignment upon  the  latter,  is
  deemed dismissed.
3.   A misdemeanor complaint must or may be replaced and superseded by
  an information pursuant to the provisions of section 170.65.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 2 - The Principal Proceedings › Title H - Preliminary Proceedings in Local Criminal Court › Article 100 - Commencement of Action in Local Criminal Court or Youth Part of a Superior Court--Accusatory Instruments › 100.60 - Youth Part of the Superior Court Accusatory Instruments; in What Courts Filed.

§  100.60  Youth  part  of the superior court accusatory instruments; in
what courts filed.
Any youth part of the superior  court  accusatory  instrument  may  be
  filed  with  the youth part of the superior court of a particular county
  when an offense charged therein was allegedly committed in  such  county
  or that part thereof over which such court has jurisdiction.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 2 - The Principal Proceedings › Title H - Preliminary Proceedings in Local Criminal Court › Article 110 - Requiring Defendant's Appearance in Local Criminal Court or Youth Part of Superior Court for Arraignment › 110.10 - Methods of Requiring Defendant's Appearance in Local Criminal Court or Youth Part of the Superior Court for Arraignment; in General.

§  110.10  Methods of requiring defendant's appearance in local criminal
court or youth part of the superior court for arraignment; in
general.
1. After a criminal action has been  commenced  in  a  local  criminal
court or youth part of the superior court by the filing of an accusatory
instrument  therewith,  a  defendant  who  has not been arraigned in the
action and has not come under the control of the court may under certain
circumstances be compelled or required to appear  for  arraignment  upon
such accusatory instrument by:
(a)  The issuance and execution of a warrant of arrest, as provided in
article one hundred twenty; or
(b) The issuance and service upon him of a  summons,  as  provided  in
article one hundred thirty; or
(c)  Procedures  provided in articles five hundred sixty, five hundred
seventy, five hundred eighty, five hundred ninety and  six  hundred  for
securing  attendance  of  defendants  in criminal actions who are not at
liberty within the state.
2. Although no criminal action against a person has been commenced  in
any  court,  he may under certain circumstances be compelled or required
to appear in a local criminal court or youth part of  a  superior  court
for  arraignment  upon an accusatory instrument to be filed therewith at
or before the time of his appearance by:
(a) An arrest made without a  warrant,  as  provided  in  article  one
hundred forty; or
(b)  The  issuance  and  service  upon him of an appearance ticket, as
provided in article one hundred fifty.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 2 - The Principal Proceedings › Title H - Preliminary Proceedings in Local Criminal Court › Article 110 - Requiring Defendant's Appearance in Local Criminal Court or Youth Part of Superior Court for Arraignment › 110.20 - Local Criminal Court or Youth Part of the Superior Court Accusatory Instruments; Notice Thereof to District Attorney.

§  110.20  Local  criminal  court  or  youth  part of the superior court
accusatory instruments; notice thereof to district attorney.
When a criminal action in which a crime is charged is commenced  in  a
  local criminal court, or youth part of the superior court other than the
  criminal  court  of  the  city  of  New  York,  a copy of the accusatory
  instrument shall be promptly transmitted  to  the  appropriate  district
  attorney  upon  or  prior  to  the  arraignment  of the defendant on the
  accusatory instrument. If a police officer or a  peace  officer  is  the
  complainant  or  the  filer of a simplified information, or has arrested
  the defendant or brought him before the local criminal  court  or  youth
  part  of the superior court on behalf of an arresting person pursuant to
  subdivision one of section 140.20, such  officer  or  his  agency  shall
  transmit  the  copy  of  the  accusatory  instrument  to the appropriate
  district attorney. In all other cases, the clerk of the court  in  which
  the defendant is arraigned shall so transmit it.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 2 - The Principal Proceedings › Title H - Preliminary Proceedings in Local Criminal Court › Article 120 - Warrant of Arrest › 120.10 - Warrant of Arrest; Definition, Function, Form and Content.

§ 120.10 Warrant of arrest; definition, function, form and content.
1.  A  warrant of arrest is a process issued by a local criminal court
  directing a police officer  to  arrest  a  defendant  designated  in  an
  accusatory instrument filed with such court and to bring him before such
  court in connection with such instrument. The sole function of a warrant
  of  arrest  is  to  achieve a defendant's court appearance in a criminal
  action for the purpose of arraignment upon the accusatory instrument  by
  which such action was commenced.
2.  A  warrant  of  arrest must be subscribed by the issuing judge and
  must state or contain (a) the name of the issuing  court,  and  (b)  the
  date of issuance of the warrant, and (c) the name or title of an offense
  charged in the underlying accusatory instrument, and (d) the name of the
  defendant to be arrested or, if such be unknown, any name or description
  by  which  he  can  be identified with reasonable certainty, and (e) the
  police officer or officers to whom the warrant is addressed, and  (f)  a
  direction  that  such  officer arrest the defendant and bring him before
  the issuing court.
3. A warrant of arrest may be addressed to a classification of  police
  officers,  or  to  two  or more classifications thereof, as well as to a
  designated individual police officer or  officers.  Multiple  copies  of
  such a warrant may be issued.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 2 - The Principal Proceedings › Title H - Preliminary Proceedings in Local Criminal Court › Article 120 - Warrant of Arrest › 120.20 - Warrant of Arrest; When Issuable.

§ 120.20 Warrant of arrest; when issuable.
1. When a criminal action has been commenced in a local criminal court
or  youth  part  of  the  superior  court  by the filing therewith of an
accusatory instrument, other  than  a  simplified  traffic  information,
against  a  defendant  who  has  not been arraigned upon such accusatory
instrument and has not come under the control of the court with  respect
thereto:
(a) such court may, if such accusatory instrument is sufficient on its
face, issue a warrant for such defendant's arrest; or
(b)  if  such  accusatory  instrument is not sufficient on its face as
prescribed in section 100.40, and if the court is satisfied that on  the
basis  of the available facts or evidence it would be impossible to draw
and file an accusatory instrument that is sufficient on  its  face,  the
court must dismiss the accusatory instrument.
2.  Even  though such accusatory instrument is sufficient on its face,
the court may refuse to issue a warrant of arrest based thereon until it
has further satisfied itself, by inquiry or  examination  of  witnesses,
that  there  is reasonable cause to believe that the defendant committed
an offense charged. Upon such inquiry  or  examination,  the  court  may
examine,  under oath or otherwise, any available person whom it believes
may possess knowledge concerning the subject matter of the charge.
3. Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision one, if a summons may
be issued in lieu of a warrant of arrest pursuant to section 130.20, and
if the court is satisfied that the defendant will  respond  thereto,  it
may  not  issue  a  warrant  of arrest. Upon the request of the district
attorney, in lieu of a warrant of  arrest  or  summons,  the  court  may
instead  authorize  the  district  attorney  to  direct the defendant to
appear for arraignment on a designated date if it is satisfied that  the
defendant will so appear.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 2 - The Principal Proceedings › Title H - Preliminary Proceedings in Local Criminal Court › Article 120 - Warrant of Arrest › 120.30 - Warrant of Arrest; by What Courts Issuable and in What Courts Returnable.

§  120.30  Warrant of arrest; by what courts issuable and in what courts
returnable.
1. A warrant of arrest may be issued only by the local criminal  court
  or youth part of the superior court with which the underlying accusatory
  instrument has been filed, and it may be made returnable in such issuing
  court only.
2.  The particular local criminal court or courts or youth part of the
  superior court with which any particular local criminal court  or  youth
  part  of  the  superior court accusatory instrument may be filed for the
  purpose of obtaining a warrant of arrest are determined,  generally,  by
  the provisions of section 100.55 or 100.60 of this title. If, however, a
  particular  accusatory instrument may pursuant to said section 100.55 be
  filed with a particular town court and such town court is not  available
  at  the  time  such  instrument  is  sought  to  be  filed and a warrant
  obtained, such accusatory instrument may be filed with the town court of
  any adjoining town of the same county. If such instrument may  be  filed
  pursuant to said section 100.55 with a particular village court and such
  village  court  is  not  available at the time, it may be filed with the
  town court of the town embracing such village, or if such town court  is
  not  available  either, with the town court of any adjoining town of the
  same county.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 2 - The Principal Proceedings › Title H - Preliminary Proceedings in Local Criminal Court › Article 120 - Warrant of Arrest › 120.40 - Warrant of Arrest; Attaching Accusatory Instrument to Warrant of Town Court, Village Court or City Court.

§  120.40  Warrant of arrest; attaching accusatory instrument to warrant
of town court, village court or city court.
A town court, village court or city court which issues  a  warrant  of
  arrest  may attach thereto a duplicate copy of the underlying accusatory
  instrument.  If one or more duplicate copies of the warrant are  issued,
  such  court  may  attach as many copies of such accusatory instrument to
  copies of such warrant as it chooses.  In any case  where,  pursuant  to
  subdivision  five  of  section  120.90, a defendant arrested upon such a
  warrant of arrest is brought before a local criminal  court  other  than
  the  town  court,  village  court  or city court in which the warrant is
  returnable, a copy of the  accusatory  instrument  constitutes  a  valid
  basis for arraignment, as provided in subdivision one of section 170.15.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 2 - The Principal Proceedings › Title H - Preliminary Proceedings in Local Criminal Court › Article 120 - Warrant of Arrest › 120.50 - Warrant of Arrest; to What Police Officers Addressed.

§ 120.50  Warrant of arrest; to what police officers addressed.
A  warrant  of  arrest  may  be  addressed  to  any  police officer or
  classification of police officers whose geographical area of  employment
  embraces  either  the  place  where  the  offense  charged was allegedly
  committed or the locality of the court by which the warrant is issued.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 2 - The Principal Proceedings › Title H - Preliminary Proceedings in Local Criminal Court › Article 120 - Warrant of Arrest › 120.55 - Warrant of Arrest; Defendant Under Parole or Probation Supervision.

§ 120.55 Warrant   of   arrest;  defendant  under  parole  or  probation
supervision.
If the defendant named within a warrant of arrest issued  by  a  local
  criminal  court  or  youth  part  of  the superior court pursuant to the
  provisions of this article, or by a superior court  issued  pursuant  to
  subdivision  three  of  section  210.10  of  this  chapter, is under the
  supervision  of  the  state  department  of  corrections  and  community
  supervision or a local or state probation department, then a warrant for
  his  or  her  arrest  may  be  executed by a parole officer or probation
  officer, when authorized by his or her probation director, within his or
  her geographical area of employment. The execution of the warrant  by  a
  parole  officer  or  probation officer shall be upon the same conditions
  and conducted in the same manner as provided for execution of a  warrant
  by a police officer.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 2 - The Principal Proceedings › Title H - Preliminary Proceedings in Local Criminal Court › Article 120 - Warrant of Arrest › 120.60 - Warrant of Arrest; What Police Officers May Execute.

§ 120.60  Warrant of arrest; what police officers may execute.
1.    A warrant of arrest may be executed by (a) any police officer to
whom it is addressed, or (b)  any  other  police  officer  delegated  to
execute it under circumstances prescribed in subdivisions two and three.
2.    A  police  officer  to whom a warrant of arrest is addressed may
delegate another officer to whom it is not  addressed  to  execute  such
warrant as his agent when:
(a)    He  has  reasonable cause to believe that the defendant is in a
particular county other than the one in which the warrant is returnable;
and
(b)  The warrant is, pursuant to section 120.70,  executable  in  such
other county without endorsement by a local criminal court thereof; and
(c)    The  geographical  area  of  employment of the delegated police
officer embraces the locality where the arrest is to be made.
3.   Under circumstances specified  in  subdivision  two,  the  police
officer  to  whom  the  warrant  is  addressed  may inform the delegated
officer, by telecommunication, mail or any other means, of the  issuance
of  the  warrant,  of  the  offense charged in the underlying accusatory
instrument and of all other pertinent details, and may  request  him  to
act  as  his  agent in arresting the defendant pursuant to such warrant.
Upon such request, the delegated police officer is to the same extent as
the delegating officer, authorized to make such arrest pursuant  to  the
warrant  within  the  geographical  area  of  such  delegated  officer's
employment.   Upon so  arresting  the  defendant,  he  must  proceed  as
provided in subdivisions two and four of section 120.90.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 2 - The Principal Proceedings › Title H - Preliminary Proceedings in Local Criminal Court › Article 120 - Warrant of Arrest › 120.70 - Warrant of Arrest; Where Executable.

§ 120.70 Warrant of arrest; where executable.
1.  A  warrant  of  arrest issued by a district court, by the New York
City criminal court, the youth part of a superior court or by a superior
court judge sitting as a local criminal court may be  executed  anywhere
in the state.
2.  A  warrant  of  arrest  issued  by a city court, a town court or a
village court may be executed:
(a) In the county of issuance or in any adjoining county; or
(b) Anywhere else in the state upon the written endorsement thereon of
a local criminal court of the county in which the arrest is to be  made.
When  so  endorsed,  the  warrant is deemed the process of the endorsing
court as well as that of the issuing court.