reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 5 - Creation, Definition and Enforcement of Contractual Obligations › Title 17 - Structured Settlement Protection Act › 5-1708-A - Waiver for Families of Victims of Terrorist Attacks.

§  5-1708-a.  Waiver  for  families  of  victims of terrorist attacks.
Notwithstanding the provisions of  section  four  thousand  two  hundred
twenty-four of the insurance law:
(a)  An annuity issuer, or an employee or other representative of such
issuer, shall be permitted to waive or offer to waive the commission  or
other  compensation otherwise payable thereto as a result of the sale of
a policy or contract subject to the provisions of section four  thousand
two  hundred  twenty-four  of  the  insurance  law  to  a  member of the
immediate family of a person who was a victim of the September eleventh,
two thousand one terrorist attacks against  the  United  States  or  any
terrorist attack as defined by subdivision (e) of this section; and
(b)  In connection with such waiver, the insurance company may, at the
election of the policyowner or contract owner:
(i)  contribute  the  amount  of  such  waived  commission  or   other
compensation to a charitable organization that meets the requirements of
section  501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and
is organized for  the  benefit  of  families  of  victims  of  terrorist
attacks; or
(ii) deduct from the premium an amount equal to such waived commission
or other compensation otherwise payable thereto as a result of the sale.
(c)  For  purposes  of  this  section,  the term "victim" shall mean a
decedent who died as a result of wounds or injury incurred as  a  result
of   any  terrorist  attacks,  but  shall  not  include  any  individual
identified by  the  United  States  attorney  general  to  have  been  a
participant or conspirator in such attack or a representative of such an
individual.
(d)  An  issuer  seeking  to  avail  itself  of the provisions of this
section  shall  first  submit  its  plan  of   implementation   to   the
superintendent  of financial services for prior approval. If the plan is
approved,  such  issuer  shall  thereafter,   upon   request   of   such
superintendent,  submit  a  report  to such superintendent regarding its
experience in the implementation of such provisions.
(e) For purposes of this section, the term  "terrorist  attack"  shall
mean  premeditated,  politically  motivated violence perpetrated against
noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents, listed
on  the  U.S.  Department  of  State's   list   of   Foreign   Terrorist
Organizations or listed at the time of such attack.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 5 - Creation, Definition and Enforcement of Contractual Obligations › Title 17 - Structured Settlement Protection Act › 5-1709 - Enforcement.

§ 5-1709. Enforcement. (a) In addition to the other remedies provided,
whenever  there  shall  be a violation of this title, application may be
made by the attorney general in the name of the people of the  state  of
New York to a court of competent jurisdiction by a special proceeding to
issue  an  injunction, and upon notice to the defendant of not less than
five days, to enjoin and restrain the continuance  of  such  violations;
and  if it shall appear to the satisfaction of the court or justice that
the defendant has, in fact, violated this title, an  injunction  may  be
issued  by  such court or justice, enjoining and restraining any further
violation, without requiring proof that any person has,  in  fact,  been
injured  or damaged thereby. In any such proceedings, the court may make
allowances to the attorney general  as  provided  in  paragraph  six  of
subdivision  (a)  of  section  eighty-three  hundred  three of the civil
practice law and rules, and direct restitution. Whenever the court shall
determine that a violation of this title has  occurred,  the  court  may
impose  a  civil  penalty of not more than one thousand dollars for each
violation.  In  connection  with  any  such  proposed  application,  the
attorney general is authorized to take proof and make a determination of
the  relevant  facts and to issue subpoenas in accordance with the civil
practice law and rules.
(b) Any payee injured by a violation of this title may bring an action
for the recovery of damages. The court may award  reasonable  attorney's
fees to the prevailing plaintiff.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 7 - Obligations Relating to Property Received as Security › Title 1 - Money Deposited as Security to Be Held in Trust in Certain Cases › 7-106 - Money Deposited or Advanced for Certain Installations; Waiver Void.

§ 7-106. Money deposited or advanced for certain installations; waiver
  void.  1.  Whenever any non-public moneys shall be deposited or advanced
  by the owner of an occupied residential dwelling on a contract  for  the
  installation  of a private connection to a public sewer line as security
  for payments or to be applied to payments upon such contract  when  due,
  such  money,  with interest accruing thereon, if any, until repaid or so
  applied, shall continue to be  the  money  of  the  person  making  such
  deposit  or  advance  and shall be a trust fund in the possession of the
  person with whom such deposit or advance shall  be  made  and  shall  be
  deposited  in  a  bank,  trust  company,  savings bank, savings and loan
  association, federal savings and  loan  association  or  federal  mutual
  savings  bank  and  shall  not  be mingled with other funds or become an
  asset of such trustee.
2. Any provision of a contract whereby a person who has  deposited  or
  advanced  money  on  a  contract  for  the  installation  of  a  private
  connection to a public sewer line as security  for  payments  or  to  be
  applied  to payments upon such contract when due waives any provision of
  this section is absolutely void.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 7 - Obligations Relating to Property Received as Security › Title 1 - Money Deposited as Security to Be Held in Trust in Certain Cases › 7-107 - Liability of a Grantee or Assignee for Deposits Made by Tenants Upon Conveyance of Rent Stabilized Dwelling Units.

§ 7-107. Liability  of  a  grantee  or  assignee  for deposits made by
tenants upon conveyance of  rent  stabilized  dwelling  units.  1.  This
section  shall apply only to dwelling units subject to the New York city
rent stabilization law of nineteen hundred sixty-nine or  the  emergency
tenant protection act of nineteen seventy-four.
2.  (a)  Any  grantee  or assignee of any dwelling unit referred to in
subdivision one of this section shall be liable to a tenant for any  sum
of  money or any other thing of value deposited as security for the full
performance by such tenant of the terms of his lease, plus  any  accrued
interest,  if  his  or  its  predecessor in interest was liable for such
funds. Such liability shall attach  whether  or  not  the  successor  in
interest  has,  upon  the conveyance of such dwelling unit, received the
sum as deposited.
(b) The liability of a receiver for payment of  any  security  deposit
plus  accrued  interest pursuant to this subdivision shall be limited to
the amount of such deposit actually turned over to him or it pursuant to
subdivision one of section 7-105 of this chapter and  to  the  operating
income  in  excess  of  expenses  generated  during his or its period of
receivership.
3. Any agreement by a lessee or tenant of a dwelling unit  waiving  or
modifying his rights as set forth in this section shall be void.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 7 - Obligations Relating to Property Received as Security › Title 1 - Money Deposited as Security to Be Held in Trust in Certain Cases › 7-109 - Commencement of a Proceeding or Action by the Attorney General to Compel Compliance.

§  7-109.  Commencement  of  a  proceeding  or  action by the attorney
  general to compel compliance. If it appears to the attorney general that
  any person, association, or corporation has violated or is violating any
  of the provisions  of  this  title,  an  action  or  proceeding  may  be
  instituted  by  the  attorney  general  in the name of the people of the
  state of New York to compel compliance with such provisions  and  enjoin
  any violation or threatened violation thereof.
In  connection  with the institution of any such action or proceeding,
  the  attorney  general  is  authorized  to  take  proof   and   make   a
  determination of the relevant facts and to issue subpoenas in accordance
  with the civil practice law and rules.
If in such action or proceeding, the court finds that a respondent has
  committed  such  violation  the court in its discretion may award to the
  attorney general a sum not exceeding two thousand dollars  with  respect
  to each such respondent as costs of investigation.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 7 - Obligations Relating to Property Received as Security › Title 2 - Sale of Certain Licensed Taxicabs › 7-201 - Sale of Certain Licensed Taxicabs.

§ 7-201. Sale  of certain licensed taxicabs. Notwithstanding any other
  law a bank, trust company, national  bank,  licensed  lender  or  credit
  union  which has made a loan to the owner of a licensed taxicab, and has
  taken as collateral a security agreement wherein the debtor pledges  the
  licensed taxicab as security for the repayment of the loan as prescribed
  by  the uniform commercial code, and in turn the secured party has filed
  a financing statement in the proper  filing  offices,  and  default  has
  occurred  in  payment  of  the debt by the debtor, the secured party, if
  possession has been had of the licensed taxicab  must  dispose  of  said
  licensed taxicab for use and operation as a licensed taxicab pursuant to
  law. When the secured party takes possession of such licensed taxicab it
  shall immediately notify the licensing agency.
The  purchaser  of  such  licensed  taxicab  at sale hereunder, or his
  vendee shall have the same rights in respect of the  use  and  operation
  thereof  as  a licensed taxicab as he would be entitled to under the law
  pursuant to which such taxicab was licensed if  he  were  the  purchaser
  thereof  at  a  voluntary  sale. Said sale shall be conditioned upon the
  approval by the licensing or supervisory agency of the purchaser  as  an
  owner  of  such  taxicab. In making such determination, the licensing or
  supervisory agency shall use the same procedure and standards as if  the
  purchaser  thereof was a purchaser at a voluntary sale and such approval
  shall not be  arbitrarily  withheld  by  the  licensing  or  supervisory
  agency.  In  the  event such approval is not granted by the licensing or
  supervisory agency, said sale shall be declared a  nullity,  all  monies
  paid  hereunder,  shall  be returned to the purchaser at said sale. Such
  sale shall continue until a purchaser acceptable  to  the  licensing  or
  supervisory  agency  is obtained or the vehicle is otherwise disposed of
  according to law.
As used herein the term licensed taxicab shall mean a vehicle carrying
  passengers for hire and licensed by any county, city, town,  village  or
  any other such licensing agency, to operate as a taxicab within any such
  jurisdiction.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 7 - Obligations Relating to Property Received as Security › Title 3 - Bonds and Undertakings › 7-301 - Liability of Surety on an Undertaking.

§ 7-301. Liability  of  surety on an undertaking. When any undertaking
  executed within or without the state specifies that it  is  to  be  void
  upon  payment  of  an  amount  or performance of an act, the undertaking
  shall be deemed to contain a covenant either to pay  the  amount  or  to
  perform  the  act  specified.  In  the  event  of  payment,  the  amount
  recoverable from a surety shall not exceed the amount specified  in  the
  undertaking  except  that  interest  in addition to this amount shall be
  awarded from the time of default by the surety.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 7 - Obligations Relating to Property Received as Security › Title 4 - Buyer's Right of Redemption › 7-401 - Buyer's Right of Redemption.

§ 7-401. Buyer's right of redemption. 1. No note or security agreement
  used in connection with a loan for the purpose of financing the purchase
  of  a  motor vehicle, used primarily for personal or household purposes,
  shall contain any provision for  acceleration  of  payment  which  would
  prevent  the  buyer's  right  of  redemption  pursuant  to section three
  hundred two of the personal property law. Any such  provision  shall  be
  void but shall not otherwise affect the validity of the note or security
  agreement.
2.  Within  seventy-two  hours  after the repossession or surrender of
  such motor vehicle the holder shall personally deliver or  mail  to  the
  borrower  at  his  last known address a written notice setting forth the
  right granted to redeem the vehicle,  the  dollar  amount  necessary  to
  redeem,  and  the name, address and telephone number of the holder where
  information may be obtained regarding redemption of the vehicle.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 9 - Obligations of Care › Title 1 - Conditions on Real Property › 9-101 - Liability of Receiver of Rents and Profits Appointed in Mortgage Foreclosure.

§ 9-101. Liability  of  receiver  of  rents  and  profits appointed in
  mortgage foreclosure. A receiver of rents and profits  appointed  in  an
  action  to  foreclose  a mortgage upon real property shall be liable, in
  his official capacity, for injury to person  or  property  sustained  by
  reason  of  conditions  on  the premises, in a case where an owner would
  have been liable. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to enlarge
  the liability of the receiver in his personal capacity.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 9 - Obligations of Care › Title 1 - Conditions on Real Property › 9-105 - Right of Entry for Professional Land Surveyor Performing Surveying Services.

§  9-105.  Right  of  entry  for professional land surveyor performing
  surveying  services.  1.  When  performing  surveying  services   as   a
  professional land surveyor licensed under article one hundred forty-five
  of  the  education  law,  the  land  surveyor  and  authorized agents or
  employees of any such land surveyor may enter upon or  cross  any  lands
  necessary  to  perform surveying services provided that the surveyor and
  authorized agents or employees of such land surveyor:
a. makes reasonable efforts to notify the landowner or, in the case of
  a lease, the lessee thereof of his or her intention to  enter  upon  the
  owner's or lessee's land to make a land survey;
b. operates upon such lands during reasonable hours;
c. operates within a reasonable distance from the property line of the
  land being surveyed; and
d.   carries   proper  identification  as  to  their  registration  or
  employment  and  displays  such  identification  to  anyone   requesting
  identification.
2. Nothing in this section shall be construed to:
a.  remove  civil  liability  for  damage  to land, chattels, crops or
  personal property; or
b. authorized any professional  land  surveyor,  authorized  agent  or
  employee  to  enter any building or structure used as a residence or for
  storage.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 9 - Obligations of Care › Title 1 - Conditions on Real Property › 9-107 - Genetically Engineered or Genetically Modified Organisms; Affirmative Defense.

§  9-107.  Genetically  engineered  or genetically modified organisms;
  affirmative defense. Any party who is sued for damages for any claim  on
  the  ground  that  the  party  possessed  or  used  seeds or plants that
  contained  genetically  engineered  or  genetically  modified  organisms
  without entering into an agreement or paying fees to the manufacturer or
  licensed  distributor  of  such  genetically  engineered  or genetically
  modified  organisms  shall  have  an  affirmative  defense  against  any
  liability  if  the party shall show that he or she did not knowingly and
  intentionally  introduce  the  genetically  engineered  or   genetically
  modified  organisms  into  his or her plants or seeds or onto his or her
  property and he or she did  not  knowingly  gain  from  the  distinctive
  traits due to genetic modification or genetic engineering.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 11 - Obligations to Make Compensation or Restitution › Title 1 - Compensation › 11-100 - Compensation for Injury or Damage Caused by the Intoxication of a Person Under the Age of Twenty-One Years.

§ 11-100. Compensation for injury or damage caused by the intoxication
  of  a  person under the age of twenty-one years. 1. Any person who shall
  be injured in person, property, means of support or otherwise, by reason
  of the intoxication or impairment of ability of any person under the age
  of twenty-one years, whether resulting in his death or not, shall have a
  right of action  to  recover  actual  damages  against  any  person  who
  knowingly   causes   such  intoxication  or  impairment  of  ability  by
  unlawfully furnishing to or unlawfully assisting in procuring  alcoholic
  beverages  for such person with knowledge or reasonable cause to believe
  that such person was under the age of twenty-one years.
2. In case of the death of either party, the action or right of action
  established by the provisions  of  this  section  shall  survive  to  or
  against  his  or  her  executor  or  administrator,  and  the  amount so
  recovered by either a husband, wife or child shall be his  or  her  sole
  and separate property.
3. Such action may be brought in any court of competent jurisdiction.
4. In any case where parents shall be entitled to such damages, either
  of  such  parents  may  bring  an  action therefor; but that recovery by
  either one of such parties shall constitute a bar to suit brought by the
  other.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 11 - Obligations to Make Compensation or Restitution › Title 1 - Compensation › 11-101 - Compensation for Injury Caused by the Illegal Sale of Intoxicating Liquor.

§ 11-101. Compensation  for  injury  caused  by  the  illegal  sale of
  intoxicating liquor. 1. Any person  who  shall  be  injured  in  person,
  property,  means  of support, or otherwise by any intoxicated person, or
  by reason of the intoxication of any person, whether  resulting  in  his
  death or not, shall have a right of action against any person who shall,
  by  unlawful  selling to or unlawfully assisting in procuring liquor for
  such  intoxicated  person,  have   caused   or   contributed   to   such
  intoxication;  and  in any such action such person shall have a right to
  recover actual and exemplary damages.
2. In case of the death of either party, the action or right of action
  given by this section shall survive to or against his or her executor or
  administrator, and the amount so recovered by either a husband, wife  or
  child shall be his or her sole and separate property.
3. Such action may be brought in any court of competent jurisdiction.
4. In any case where parents shall be entitled to such damages, either
  the father or mother may sue alone therefor, but recovery by one of such
  parties shall be a bar to suit brought by the other.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 11 - Obligations to Make Compensation or Restitution › Title 1 - Compensation › 11-103 - Compensation for Injury Caused by the Illegal Sale of Controlled Substances.

§ 11-103. Compensation  for  injury  caused  by  the  illegal  sale of
controlled substances. 1. (a) Any  person  who  is  injured  in  person,
property,  means of support or otherwise by a person whose abilities are
impaired by the use of a controlled substance,  or  by  reason  of  such
person's impairment, shall have a right of action against any person who
caused  or  contributed  to  such impairment by unlawfully selling to or
unlawfully assisting  in  procuring  a  controlled  substance  for  such
person.
(b)  In  any  such  action,  the  injured person shall have a right to
recover actual and exemplary damages.
2. In case of the death of either party, the action or right of action
given by this section shall survive to or against his or her executor or
administrator, and the amount so recovered by either a husband, wife  or
child shall be his or her sole and separate property.
3. Such action may be brought in any court of competent jurisdiction.
4. In any case where parents shall be entitled to such damages, either
the father or mother may sue alone therefor, but recovery by one of such
parties shall be a bar to suit brought by the other.
5.  The  term  "controlled substance" when used in this section, means
and includes any substance listed in section thirty-three hundred six of
the public health law.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 11 - Obligations to Make Compensation or Restitution › Title 1 - Compensation › 11-106 - Compensation for Injury or Death to Police Officers and Firefighters or Their Estates.

§  11-106.  Compensation  for  injury  or death to police officers and
  firefighters or their estates. 1. In addition  to  any  other  right  of
  action  or  recovery  otherwise available under law, whenever any police
  officer or firefighter suffers any injury, disease or death while in the
  lawful discharge of his official duties  and  that  injury,  disease  or
  death  is  proximately  caused  by  the  neglect,  willful  omission, or
  intentional, willful or culpable conduct of any person or entity,  other
  than that police officer's or firefighter's employer or co-employee, the
  police  officer  or firefighter suffering that injury or disease, or, in
  the  case  of  death,  a  representative  of  that  police  officer   or
  firefighter  may  seek  recovery  and  damages from the person or entity
  whose neglect, willful omission, or  intentional,  willful  or  culpable
  conduct resulted in that injury, disease or death.
2.  Nothing  in this section shall be deemed to expand or restrict the
  existing liability of an employer or co-employee at common-law or  under
  sections  two  hundred  five-a  and  two  hundred  five-e of the general
  municipal law for injuries or death sustained in the line-of-duty by any
  police officer or firefighter.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 11 - Obligations to Make Compensation or Restitution › Title 1 - Compensation › 11-107 - Compensation for Harm to a Guide, Hearing or Service Dog.

§ 11-107. Compensation for harm to a guide, hearing or service dog. In
  addition  to  any  other right of action or recovery otherwise available
  under law, a disabled person whose guide,  hearing  or  service  dog  is
  injured  due  to  the negligence of the owner of another dog in handling
  that other dog may recover damages from the owner or  custodian  of  the
  non-guide,  hearing  or  service  dog  that  causes injury to the guide,
  hearing or service dog. Such damages may include, but are not limited to
  veterinarian fees, the  cost  of  retraining  or  replacing  the  guide,
  hearing  or  service  dog,  and  lost  wages  or  damages due to loss of
  mobility incurred while retraining or replacement is taking place.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 12 - Drug Dealer Liability Act › 12-103 - Liability Established.

§  12-103.  Liability established. A person who knowingly participates
  in a drug market within this state and has been convicted of a crime for
  such participation in a drug market and is a drug  trafficker  shall  be
  liable for civil damages as provided in this article.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 12 - Drug Dealer Liability Act › 12-104 - Recovery by Persons Other Than Illegal Drug Users.

§ 12-104. Recovery by persons other than illegal drug users. 1. One or
more  of  the  following  persons  may  bring  an action for and recover
damages caused by use of an illegal drug by an individual:
(a) A parent, legal guardian, child, or spouse of an  individual  drug
user;
(b) An employer of an individual drug user; and
(c)  A  medical  facility,  insurer, governmental entity, employer, or
other entity that funds a drug treatment program or employee  assistance
program for the individual drug user.
2. A person entitled to bring an action pursuant to subdivision one of
this  section  may  be  awarded  damages  from  a  person  who knowingly
participated in the chain of distribution of an  illegal  drug  actually
used by the individual drug user.
3. A person knowingly participates in a drug market if:
(a)  the  place of the illegal drug use by the individual drug user is
within a drug market target community of the defendant;
(b) the participation  of  the  defendant  in  such  drug  market  was
connected  with  the  same  type  of illegal drug used by the individual
user; and
(c) the defendant participated in such drug market at any time  during
the illegal drug use by the individual user.
4. A person entitled to bring an action under this section may recover
the following damages:
(a)  Economic  damages  including,  but  not  limited  to, the cost of
treatment  and  rehabilitation,  medical  expenses,  loss  of   economic
potential, loss of productivity, and support expenses;
(b)  Non-economic damages, including, but not limited to, physical and
emotional pain and suffering, disfigurement, loss of  companionship  and
consortium;
(c) Reasonable attorney fees;
(d) Reasonable expert consultant and expert witness fees; and
(e)  Costs and disbursements as provided for in the civil practice law
and rules.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 12 - Drug Dealer Liability Act › 12-105 - Recovery by Illegal Drug Users.

§  12-105.  Recovery by illegal drug users. 1. An individual drug user
may not bring an action for damages caused by  the  use  of  an  illegal
drug, unless all of the following conditions are met:
(a) The individual discloses to law enforcement authorities, more than
six months before filing the action, information known to the individual
regarding their source of illegal drugs;
(b)  The  individual has not used an illegal drug within the six month
period preceding filing the action.
2. A person entitled to bring an action  under  this  section  may  be
awarded  damages  only  from  a person who knowingly participated in the
chain of distribution of an illegal drug that was actually used  by  the
individual drug user.
3. A person entitled to bring an action under this section may recover
economic  damages,  including  but not limited to the cost of treatment,
rehabilitation, and medical expenses, loss of  economic  potential,  and
loss of productivity.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 12 - Drug Dealer Liability Act › 12-106 - Scope of Defendant's Liability Established.

§  12-106.  Scope of defendant's liability established. A person shall
  be deemed to have affected a target community based upon  the  following
  grades of offenses:
1.  For  a  grade  one  violation,  the  county  in which the place of
  participation by the defendant is situated;
2. For a grade two violation, the community described  in  subdivision
  one  of this section along with all counties with a border contiguous to
  such community;
3. For a grade three violation, the community described in subdivision
  two of this section plus all counties with a border contiguous  to  such
  community; and
4. For a level four offense, the entire state.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 12 - Drug Dealer Liability Act › 12-107 - Joinder.

§ 12-107. Joinder. Two or more persons may join in one cause of action
  under  this  article as plaintiffs if each action has at least one place
  of illegal drug activity in common and if any portion of the  period  of
  illegal  drug use overlaps with the period of illegal drug use for every
  other plaintiff.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 12 - Drug Dealer Liability Act › 12-108 - Culpable Conduct; Contribution.

§   12-108.  Culpable  conduct;  contribution.  1.  An  action  by  an
  individual drug user shall be governed  by  the  provisions  of  article
  fourteen-A  of  the  civil practice law and rules. An action by a person
  other than an  individual  drug  user  shall  not  be  governed  by  the
  provisions of article fourteen-A of the civil practice law and rules.
2.  The  defendant  shall  bear  the burden of proving the comparative
  culpable conduct of the plaintiff.
3. Comparative culpable conduct shall not be attributed to a plaintiff
  who is not an individual drug user.
4. A person subject to liability under this article shall have a right
  of action for contribution against another person subject  to  liability
  under  this  article  pursuant to article fourteen of the civil practice
  law and rules. A plaintiff may seek recovery  in  accordance  with  this
  article and any other appropriate provision of law from a person against
  whom a defendant has asserted a right of contribution.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 12 - Drug Dealer Liability Act › 12-109 - Judgments; Execution and Enforcement.

§  12-109.  Judgments; execution and enforcement. 1. The provisions of
  the civil practice law and rules relating to the  exemption  of  certain
  real  and  personal  property  from  execution  and enforcement of civil
  judgments shall not apply to judgment rendered in favor of the plaintiff
  under this article.
2.  Any  assets  subject  to  an  administrative,  civil  or  criminal
  forfeiture  proceeding  under  state  or  federal law or which have been
  seized for forfeiture by any state or federal agency may not be used  to
  satisfy  a judgment under this article unless and until such assets have
  been released following the  conclusion  of  the  forfeiture  action  or
  released by the agency that seized such assets.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 12 - Drug Dealer Liability Act › 12-110 - Periods of Limitation.

§  12-110.  Periods of limitation. 1. Notwithstanding any provision of
  law to the contrary, a claim under this article may not be brought  more
  than  two  years  after  the  cause of action accrues. A cause of action
  accrues under this article when a person who may recover has  reason  to
  know  of  the harm from illegal drug use that is the basis for the cause
  of action and has reason to know that the illegal drug use is the  cause
  of such harm.
2.  Notwithstanding  any  other provision of law to the contrary for a
  plaintiff, the statute of limitations under this section shall be tolled
  when an individual potential plaintiff is incapacitated by the use of an
  illegal drug to the extent that such  individual  cannot  reasonably  be
  expected  to  seek  recovery under this article or as otherwise provided
  for by law. For a defendant,  the  statute  of  limitations  under  this
  section  shall be tolled until six months after the individual potential
  defendant is convicted of a crime  involving  participation  in  a  drug
  market.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 13 - Transfer of Obligations and Rights › Title 1 - Transferability; Effect of Transfer › 13-101 - Transfer of Claims.

§ 13-101. Transfer  of claims. Any claim or demand can be transferred,
  except in one of the following cases:
1. Where it is to recover damages for a personal injury;
2. Where it is founded upon a grant, which is made void by  a  statute
  of  the  state; or upon a claim to or interest in real property, a grant
  of which, by the transferrer, would be void by such a statute;
3. Where a transfer thereof is expressly forbidden by: (a)  a  statute
  of  the  state,  or  (b)  a  statute  of the United States, or (c) would
  contravene public policy.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 13 - Transfer of Obligations and Rights › Title 1 - Transferability; Effect of Transfer › 13-103 - Transfer of Judgment for Sum of Money.

§ 13-103. Transfer  of judgment for sum of money. A judgment for a sum
  of money, or directing the payment of a sum of money, recovered upon any
  cause of action, may be transferred; but if it is vacated  or  reversed,
  the  transfer  thereof  does not transfer the cause of action unless the
  latter was transferable before the judgment was recovered. A person  who
  executes  such  a transfer without acknowledging his signature before an
  officer authorized  to  take  the  acknowledgment  of  a  deed  must  so
  acknowledge  it  at  the  request  of  his  assignee  or of a subsequent
  assignee or of the judgment debtor upon payment of the officer's fees.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 13 - Transfer of Obligations and Rights › Title 1 - Transferability; Effect of Transfer › 13-105 - Effect of Transfer of Claim or Demand.

§ 13-105. Effect  of  transfer  of  claim  or demand. Where a claim or
  demand can be transferred, the  transfer  thereof  passes  an  interest,
  which  the transferee may enforce by an action or special proceeding, or
  interpose as a defense  or  counter-claim,  in  his  own  name,  as  the
  transferrer  might  have  done; subject to any defense or counter-claim,
  existing against the transferrer, before  notice  of  the  transfer,  or
  against  the  transferee.  But  this  section  does not apply, where the
  rights or liabilities of  a  party  to  a  claim  or  demand,  which  is
  transferred, are regulated by special provision of law; nor does it vary
  the  rights  or liabilities of a party to a negotiable instrument, which
  is transferred.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 13 - Transfer of Obligations and Rights › Title 1 - Transferability; Effect of Transfer › 13-107 - Claims or Demands Transferred With Bond Unless Reserved.

§ 13-107. Claims  or demands transferred with bond unless reserved. 1.
  Unless expressly reserved in writing, a transfer of any bond shall  vest
  in  the  transferee all claims or demands of the transferrer, whether or
  not such claims or demands are  known  to  exist,  (a)  for  damages  or
  rescission against the obligor on such bond, (b) for damages against the
  trustee  or  depositary  under  any  indenture under which such bond was
  issued or outstanding, and (c) for damages against any guarantor of  the
  obligation of such obligor, trustee or depositary.
2.  As used in this section, "bond" shall mean and include any and all
  shares and interests in an issue of bonds, notes,  debentures  or  other
  evidences  of indebtedness of individuals, partnerships, associations or
  corporations, whether or not secured.
3. As used in this section, "indenture" means any  mortgage,  deed  of
  trust,  trust  or  other  indenture,  or similar instrument or agreement
  (including any supplement or amendment to any of the  foregoing),  under
  which  bonds as herein defined are issued or outstanding, whether or not
  any property, real or personal, is, or is  to  be,  pledged,  mortgaged,
  assigned, or conveyed thereunder.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 13 - Transfer of Obligations and Rights › Title 1 - Transferability; Effect of Transfer › 13-109 - Definition of "transfer."

§ 13-109. Definition  of  "transfer."  As  used  in  sections  13-101,
  13-103,  13-105  and  13-107,  the  term   "transfer"   includes   sale,
  assignment, conveyance, deed and gift.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 15 - Modification and Discharge of Obligations › Title 1 - Discharge of Joint Obligors › 15-101 - Definitions.

§ 15-101. Definitions.  In  this  title,  unless  otherwise  expressly
  stated, "obligation" does not include a  liability  in  tort;  "obligor"
  does  not include a person liable for a tort; "obligee" does not include
  a person having a right  based  on  a  tort.  "Several  obligors"  means
  obligors severally bound for the same performance.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 15 - Modification and Discharge of Obligations › Title 1 - Discharge of Joint Obligors › 15-102 - Co-Obligor Not a Party.

§ 15-102. Co-obligor  not  a  party. A judgment against one or more of
  several obligors, or against one or more  of  joint,  or  of  joint  and
  several obligors shall not discharge a co-obligor who was not a party to
  the proceeding wherein the judgment was rendered.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 15 - Modification and Discharge of Obligations › Title 1 - Discharge of Joint Obligors › 15-103 - Consideration to Be Credited to Co-Obligor.

§ 15-103. Consideration  to  be credited to co-obligor.  The amount or
  value of any consideration received by the obligee from one or  more  of
  several  obligors, or from one or more of joint, or of joint and several
  obligors, in whole or in  partial  satisfaction  of  their  obligations,
  shall  be  credited  to  the  extent  of  the  amount  received  on  the
  obligations of all co-obligors to whom the obligor  or  obligors  giving
  the consideration did not stand in the relation of a surety.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 15 - Modification and Discharge of Obligations › Title 1 - Discharge of Joint Obligors › 15-104 - Discharge of One Obligor, With Reservations.

§ 15-104. Discharge  of one obligor, with reservations. Subject to the
  provisions of section 15-103, the obligee's release or discharge of  one
  or more of several obligors, or of one or more of joint, or of joint and
  several  obligors  shall  not  discharge  co-obligors,  against whom the
  obligee in writing and as part of the same transaction as the release or
  discharge, expressly reserves his rights; and in the absence of  such  a
  reservation  of  rights  shall  discharge co-obligors only to the extent
  provided in section 15-105.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 15 - Modification and Discharge of Obligations › Title 1 - Discharge of Joint Obligors › 15-105 - Discharge of One Obligor, Without Reservation.

§ 15-105. Discharge  of  one  obligor,  without  reservation. 1. If an
  obligee releasing or discharging an obligor without express  reservation
  of  rights  against  a co-obligor, then knows or has reason to know that
  the obligor released or discharged did not pay so much of the  claim  as
  he  was  bound  by his contract or relation with that co-obligor to pay,
  the obligee's claim against that co-obligor shall be  satisfied  to  the
  amount which the obligee knew or had reason to know that the released or
  discharged obligor was bound to such co-obligor to pay.
2.  If  an obligee so releasing or discharging an obligor has not then
  such knowledge or reason  to  know,  the  obligee's  claim  against  the
  co-obligor  shall  be  satisfied  to  the  extent  of  the lesser of two
  amounts, namely (a) the amount of the fractional share  of  the  obligor
  released or discharged, or (b) the amount that such obligor was bound by
  his contract or relation with the co-obligor to pay.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 15 - Modification and Discharge of Obligations › Title 1 - Discharge of Joint Obligors › 15-106 - Death of Joint Obligor.

§ 15-106. Death  of  joint obligor. On the death of a joint obligor in
  contract, his estate shall be bound as such jointly and  severally  with
  the surviving obligor or obligors.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 15 - Modification and Discharge of Obligations › Title 1 - Discharge of Joint Obligors › 15-107 - Release of Partner.

§ 15-107. Release   of   partner.  A  release  of  a  partner  from  a
  partnership liability  shall  release  his  co-partners  from  the  same
  liability  to  the  creditor giving the release, but after a partnership
  has been dissolved, by consent or otherwise,  any  partner  may  make  a
  separate  composition  or  compromise with any partnership creditor, and
  such composition or compromise shall discharge from such  liability  the
  partner making it, and him only.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 15 - Modification and Discharge of Obligations › Title 1 - Discharge of Joint Obligors › 15-108 - Release or Covenant Not to Sue.

§ 15-108. Release  or covenant not to sue. (a) Effect of release of or
covenant not to sue tortfeasors. When a release or a covenant not to sue
or not to enforce a judgment is given to one  of  two  or  more  persons
liable  or claimed to be liable in tort for the same injury, or the same
wrongful death, it does not discharge any of the other tortfeasors  from
liability for the injury or wrongful death unless its terms expressly so
provide,  but  it  reduces  the  claim of the releasor against the other
tortfeasors to the extent of any amount stipulated by the release or the
covenant, or in the amount of the consideration paid for it, or  in  the
amount of the released tortfeasor's equitable share of the damages under
article  fourteen  of the civil practice law and rules, whichever is the
greatest.
(b) Release of tortfeasor. A  release  given  in  good  faith  by  the
injured person to one tortfeasor as provided in subdivision (a) relieves
him  from  liability to any other person for contribution as provided in
article fourteen of the civil practice law and rules.
(c) Waiver of contribution. A tortfeasor  who  has  obtained  his  own
release  from  liability  shall not be entitled to contribution from any
other person.
(d) Releases and covenants within the scope of this section. A release
or a covenant not to sue between a plaintiff or claimant  and  a  person
who  is liable or claimed to be liable in tort shall be deemed a release
or covenant for the purposes of this section only if:
(1) the plaintiff or claimant receives,  as  part  of  the  agreement,
monetary consideration greater than one dollar;
(2) the release or covenant completely or substantially terminates the
dispute between the plaintiff or claimant and the person who was claimed
to be liable; and
(3) such release or covenant is provided prior to entry of judgment.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 15 - Modification and Discharge of Obligations › Title 1 - Discharge of Joint Obligors › 15-109 - Uniformity of Interpretation.

§ 15-109. Uniformity   of  interpretation.  This  title  shall  be  so
  interpreted and construed as to effectuate its general purpose  to  make
  uniform the law of those states which enact it.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 15 - Modification and Discharge of Obligations › Title 1 - Discharge of Joint Obligors › 15-110 - Inconsistent Laws Repealed.

§ 15-110. Inconsistent  laws  repealed.  All  acts  or  parts  of acts
  inconsistent with this title are hereby repealed; but  nothing  in  this
  title shall be construed as repealing any of the provisions of the civil
  practice law and rules or the partnership law.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 15 - Modification and Discharge of Obligations › Title 3 - Requirements for Effectiveness or Enforceability of Modification or Discharge › 15-303 - Release in Writing Without Consideration or Seal.

§ 15-303. Release  in writing without consideration or seal. A written
  instrument which purports to be  a  total  or  partial  release  of  all
  claims,  debts, demands or obligations, or a total or partial release of
  any particular claim, debt,  demand  or  obligation,  or  a  release  or
  discharge  in whole or in part of a mortgage, lien, security interest or
  charge upon personal or real property, shall not be invalid  because  of
  the absence of consideration or of a seal.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 15 - Modification and Discharge of Obligations › Title 5 - Accord and Satisfaction › 15-501 - Executory Accord.

§ 15-501. Executory  accord.  1.  Executory  accord  as  used  in this
  section means an agreement embodying a promise  express  or  implied  to
  accept  at  some future time a stipulated performance in satisfaction or
  discharge in whole or in part of any present  claim,  cause  of  action,
  contract,  obligation,  or  lease,  or  any  mortgage  or other security
  interest in personal or real property, and a promise express or  implied
  to  render  such  performance  in  satisfaction  or in discharge of such
  claim,  cause  of  action,  contract,  obligation,  lease,  mortgage  or
  security interest.
2.  An  executory accord shall not be denied effect as a defense or as
  the basis of an action or counterclaim by reason of the  fact  that  the
  satisfaction  or  discharge  of  the  claim,  cause of action, contract,
  obligation, lease, mortgage or other  security  interest  which  is  the
  subject  of  the  accord  was to occur at a time after the making of the
  accord, provided the promise of the party against whom it is  sought  to
  enforce  the  accord  is  in  writing and signed by such party or by his
  agent. If executed by an agent, any promise required by this section  to
  be  in  writing which affects or relates to real property or an interest
  therein as defined in section 5-101 in any manner stated in subdivisions
  one or two of section 5-703 of this chapter shall be  void  unless  such
  agent was thereunto authorized in writing.
3.  If  an executory accord is not performed according to its terms by
  one party, the other party shall be entitled either to assert his rights
  under the claim, cause of action, contract, obligation, lease,  mortgage
  or  other  security  interest  which is the subject of the accord, or to
  assert his right under the accord.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 15 - Modification and Discharge of Obligations › Title 5 - Accord and Satisfaction › 15-503 - Offer of Accord Followed by Tender.

§ 15-503. Offer  of accord followed by tender. 1. An offer in writing,
  signed by the offeror or by his agent, to accept a  performance  therein
  designated  in  satisfaction  or  discharge  in  whole or in part of any
  claim, cause of action, contract, obligation, or lease, or any  mortgage
  or  other  security  interest  in personal or real property, followed by
  tender of such performance  by  the  offeree  or  by  his  agent  before
  revocation  of  the offer, shall not be denied effect as a defense or as
  the basis of an action or counterclaim by reason of the fact  that  such
  tender was not accepted by the offeror or by his agent.
2.  If  executed by an agent, any offer required by this section to be
  in writing which affects or relates to  real  property  or  an  interest
  therein as defined in section 5-101 in any manner stated in subdivisions
  one  or  two  of section 5-703 of this chapter shall be void unless such
  agent was thereunto authorized in writing.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 15 - Modification and Discharge of Obligations › Title 7 - Discharge of Surety › 15-701 - Surety Not Discharged by Failure or Refusal by Creditor to Sue Principal Debtor.

§ 15-701. Surety  not  discharged by failure or refusal by creditor to
  sue principal debtor. Unless otherwise agreed  between  the  parties  in
  writing,  the  failure  or  refusal  by  a creditor, after a demand by a
  person bound as surety, to bring an action against  a  principal  debtor
  upon  a  contract  hereafter made or an obligation hereafter created for
  the payment of money or the performance of any act shall  not  discharge
  such surety.