reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15 - Attorneys and Counsellors › 476-C - Investigation by the Attorney-General.

§    476-c.    Investigation   by   the   attorney-general.   1.   The
  attorney-general  is  empowered  to  conduct  an  investigation  of  any
  complaint  of  unlawful practice of the law and in connection therewith,
  the attorney-general, his deputy, assistant, special assistant or  other
  officer  designated  by  him  for  such purpose is empowered to subpoena
  witnesses, compel their attendance, examine them under oath  before  him
  or the supreme court of the state of New York, or a justice thereof, and
  require the production of any books or papers which he deems relevant or
  material to the inquiry. Such power of subpoena and of examination shall
  not  abate or terminate by reason of the commencement or pendency of any
  action or proceeding brought by the attorney-general under section  four
  hundred seventy-six-a.
2. No person shall be excused from attending such inquiry in pursuance
  to  the  mandates  of  a subpoena, or from producing a paper or book, or
  from being examined or required to answer a question on  the  ground  of
  failure  of tender or payment of a witness fee or mileage, unless at the
  time of such appearance or production, as the case may be, such  witness
  makes  demand  for such payment as a condition precedent to the offering
  of testimony or production required by  the  subpoena  and  unless  such
  payment  is  not  thereupon made. Such provisions for payment of witness
  fee or mileage do not apply to any officer, director or  person  in  the
  employ  of  any  person,  partnership,  corporation,  company,  trust or
  association whose conduct or practices are being investigated.
3. It shall be the  duty  of  all  public  officers,  their  deputies,
  assistants,  subordinates,  clerks or employees and all other persons to
  render  and  furnish  to  the  attorney-general,  his  deputy  or  other
  designated  officer  when  requested  all  information and assistance in
  their possession or within their power.  Any  officer  participating  in
  such   inquiry   who  shall  disclose  to  any  person  other  than  the
  attorney-general  the  name  of  any  witness  examined  or  any   other
  information  obtained  upon  such  inquiry  except  as  directed  by the
  attorney-general shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15 - Attorneys and Counsellors › 477 - Settlement of Actions for Personal Injury.

§  477.  Settlement  of  actions for personal injury. If, in an action
  commenced to recover damages for a personal injury or for death  as  the
  result  of  a  personal injury, an attorney having or claiming to have a
  lien for services performed or to be performed who shall  have  appeared
  for  the  person or persons having or claiming to have a right of action
  for such injury or death, no settlement or  adjustment  of  such  action
  shall  be  valid, unless consented to in writing by such attorney and by
  the person or persons for whom he shall have appeared, or approved by an
  order of the court in which such action is brought.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15 - Attorneys and Counsellors › 479 - Soliciting Business on Behalf of an Attorney.

§  479.  Soliciting  business  on  behalf  of an attorney. It shall be
  unlawful for any person or his agent, employee or any person  acting  on
  his  behalf,  to solicit or procure through solicitation either directly
  or  indirectly  legal  business,  or  to  solicit  or  procure   through
  solicitation  a  retainer, written or oral, or any agreement authorizing
  an attorney to perform or  render  legal  services,  or  to  make  it  a
  business   so   to  solicit  or  procure  such  business,  retainers  or
  agreements.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15 - Attorneys and Counsellors › 480 - Entering Hospital to Negotiate Settlement or Obtain Release or Statement.

§  480. Entering hospital to negotiate settlement or obtain release or
  statement. It shall be unlawful for any person to enter a  hospital  for
  the  purpose  of negotiating a settlement or obtaining a general release
  or statement, written or oral, from any person confined in said hospital
  or sanitarium as a patient, with reference to any personal injuries  for
  which  said  person  is  confined  in said hospital or sanitarium within
  fifteen days after the injuries were sustained,  unless  at  least  five
  days  prior  to  the  obtaining  or procuring of such general release or
  statement such injured party has signified in  writing  his  willingness
  that  such general release or statement be given. This section shall not
  apply to a person entering a hospital for  the  purpose  of  visiting  a
  person therein confined, as his attorney or on behalf of his attorney.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15 - Attorneys and Counsellors › 481 - Aiding, Assisting or Abetting the Solicitation of Persons or the Procurement of a Retainer for or on Behalf of an Attorney.

§  481.  Aiding,  assisting or abetting the solicitation of persons or
  the procurement of a retainer for or on behalf of an attorney. It  shall
  be  unlawful for any person in the employ of or in any capacity attached
  to any hospital, sanitarium, police department, prison or court, or  for
  a  person  authorized  to furnish bail bonds, to communicate directly or
  indirectly with any attorney or person acting  on  his  behalf  for  the
  purpose   of   aiding,  assisting  or  abetting  such  attorney  in  the
  solicitation of legal business or the procurement  through  solicitation
  of  a  retainer,  written  or  oral,  or  any  agreement authorizing the
  attorney to perform or render legal services.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15 - Attorneys and Counsellors › 482 - Employment by Attorney of Person to Aid, Assist or Abet in the Solicitation of Business or the Procurement Through Solicitation of a Retainer to Perfo

§  482. Employment by attorney of person to aid, assist or abet in the
  solicitation of business or the procurement through  solicitation  of  a
  retainer to perform legal services. It shall be unlawful for an attorney
  to  employ any person for the purpose of soliciting or aiding, assisting
  or abetting in the solicitation of legal  business  or  the  procurement
  through  solicitation  either  directly  or  indirectly  of  a retainer,
  written or oral, or of any agreement authorizing the attorney to perform
  or render legal services.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15 - Attorneys and Counsellors › 483 - Signs Advertising Services as Attorney at Law.

§  483.  Signs  advertising  services  as attorney at law. It shall be
  unlawful for any person to maintain on real property  or  to  permit  or
  allow  any  other  person  to  maintain, on such property a sign, in any
  language, to the effect that an attorney-at-law or  legal  services  are
  available  therein  unless  the  full name of the attorney-at-law or the
  firm rendering such services is set forth thereon.  In  any  prosecution
  for  violation of the provisions of this section the existence of such a
  sign on real property shall be presumptive evidence that it  was  placed
  or  permitted  to  exist  thereon  with the knowledge and consent of the
  person or persons in possession of said premises.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15 - Attorneys and Counsellors › 485 - Violation of Certain Preceding Sections a Misdemeanor.

§  485.  Violation of certain preceding sections a misdemeanor. Except
  as provided in section four hundred eighty-five-a of this  article,  any
  person  violating  the provisions of section four hundred seventy-eight,
  four hundred seventy-nine, four hundred eighty, four hundred eighty-one,
  four hundred eighty-two,  four  hundred  eighty-three  or  four  hundred
  eighty-four of this article, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15 - Attorneys and Counsellors › 485-A - Violation of Certain Sections a Class E Felony.

§  485-a.  Violation  of certain sections a class E felony. Any person
  who violates the provisions of sections four hundred seventy-eight, four
  hundred eighty-four, four hundred eighty-six or four hundred ninety-five
  of this article is guilty of a class  E  felony  when  he  or  she:  (1)
  falsely  holds  himself  or herself out as a person licensed to practice
  law in this state, a person otherwise permitted to practice law in  this
  state,  or  a  person  who  can provide services that only attorneys are
  authorized to provide; and (2) causes another person to suffer  monetary
  loss  or damages exceeding one thousand dollars or other material damage
  resulting from impairment of a  legal  right  to  which  he  or  she  is
  entitled.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15 - Attorneys and Counsellors › 486 - Practice of Law by Attorney Who Has Been Disbarred, Suspended, or Convicted of a Felony.

§  486. Practice of law by attorney who has been disbarred, suspended,
  or convicted of a felony. Any person whose admission to practice  as  an
  attorney  and  counselor-at-law has been revoked or who has been removed
  from office as attorney and counselor-at-law or, being an  attorney  and
  counselor-at-law,  has  been convicted of a felony or has been suspended
  from practice and has not been duly and regularly reinstated,  who  does
  any  act  forbidden  by the provisions of this article to be done by any
  person not regularly admitted to practice law in the courts of record of
  this state, unless the judgment, decree or order  suspending  him  shall
  permit  such  act,  shall  be  guilty  of a misdemeanor unless otherwise
  provided by section four hundred eighty-five-a of this article.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15 - Attorneys and Counsellors › 486-A - Conviction for Felony of Person Who Is an Attorney and Counselor at Law; Notice Thereof to Be Given by Clerk to Appropriate Appellate Division of The

§  486-a.  Conviction  for  felony  of  person  who is an attorney and
counselor at law; notice thereof to be given  by  clerk  to  appropriate
appellate  division  of  the supreme court. Whenever it appears from the
record that a person who has been convicted of  any  crime  which  is  a
felony,  is  an attorney and counselor at law of this state, it shall be
the duty of the clerk of every court in which such conviction is had  to
ascertain:
(a)  the  place  and  date  of  such person's admission to practice as
attorney and counselor at law; and
(b) his last office and residence addresses;  and,  within  five  days
after  the  imposition  of sentence, to transmit a certified copy of the
judgment of conviction to the clerk of the  appellate  division  of  the
supreme  court  in  the  judicial  department  in  which such person was
admitted to practice. Said copy of the  judgment  shall  set  forth,  in
addition to all the facts usually stated therein, the place and the date
of  admission to practice of such convicted attorney and his last office
and residence addresses.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15 - Attorneys and Counsellors › 487 - Misconduct by Attorneys.

§ 487. Misconduct by attorneys. An attorney or counselor who:
1.  Is guilty of any deceit or collusion, or consents to any deceit or
  collusion, with intent to deceive the court or any party; or,
2. Wilfully delays his client's suit with a view to his own gain;  or,
  wilfully  receives any money or allowance for or on account of any money
  which he has not laid out, or becomes answerable for,
Is guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  in  addition  to  the  punishment
  prescribed  therefor  by the penal law, he forfeits to the party injured
  treble damages, to be recovered in a civil action.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15 - Attorneys and Counsellors › 488 - Buying Demands on Which to Bring an Action.

§  488.  Buying  demands  on  which to bring an action. An attorney or
  counselor shall not:
1. Directly or indirectly, buy, take an assignment of  or  be  in  any
  manner  interested  in  buying  or  taking  an  assignment  of  a  bond,
  promissory note, bill of exchange, book debt, or other thing in  action,
  with the intent and for the purpose of bringing an action thereon.
2.  By  himself  or  herself,  or by or in the name of another person,
  either before or after action brought, promise or give, or procure to be
  promised or given,  a  valuable  consideration  to  any  person,  as  an
  inducement  to  placing, or in consideration of having placed, in his or
  her hands, or in the hands of another person, a demand of any kind,  for
  the  purpose  of  bringing  an  action  thereon,  or of representing the
  claimant in the pursuit of any civil remedy for  the  recovery  thereof.
  But this subdivision does not apply to:
a. an agreement between attorneys and counselors, or either, to divide
  between themselves the compensation to be received;
b.  a  lawyer representing an indigent or pro bono client paying court
  costs and expenses of litigation on behalf of the client;
c. a lawyer advancing court costs  and  expenses  of  litigation,  the
  repayment of which may be contingent on the outcome of the matter; or
d.  a  lawyer,  in  an action in which an attorney's fee is payable in
  whole or in part as a percentage of the recovery in the  action,  paying
  on  the  lawyer's own account court costs and expenses of litigation. In
  such case, the fee paid to the attorney from the proceeds of the  action
  may include an amount equal to such costs and expenses incurred.
3. A lawyer that offers services as described in paragraphs b, c and d
  of subdivision two of this section shall not, either directly or through
  any  media  used  to  advertise  or  otherwise  publicize  the  lawyer's
  services, promise or advertise his or her  ability  to  advance  or  pay
  costs  and  expenses  of  litigation in such manner as to state or imply
  that such ability is unique or extraordinary when such is not the case.
4. An attorney or  counselor  who  violates  the  provisions  of  this
  section is guilty of a misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15 - Attorneys and Counsellors › 490 - Limitation.

§ 490. Limitation. Sections four hundred eighty-eight and four hundred
  eighty-nine  of  this  chapter  do  not  prohibit the receipt of a bond,
  promissory note, bill of exchange, book debt, or other thing in  action,
  in  payment for property sold, or for services actually rendered, or for
  a debt antecedently contracted; or from buying or receiving  a  bill  of
  exchange, draft, or other thing in action for the purpose of remittance.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15 - Attorneys and Counsellors › 491 - Sharing of Compensation by Attorneys Prohibited.

§ 491. Sharing of compensation by attorneys prohibited. 1. It shall be
  unlawful  for  any  person,  partnership, corporation, or association to
  divide with or receive from, or to agree to divide with or receive from,
  any attorney-at-law or group of attorneys-at-law, whether practicing  in
  this  state  or  elsewhere,  either  before or after action brought, any
  portion of  any  fee  or  compensation,  charged  or  received  by  such
  attorney-at-law   or   any  valuable  consideration  or  reward,  as  an
  inducement for placing, or in consideration of  having  placed,  in  the
  hands  of  such  attorney-at-law,  or  in the hands of another person, a
  claim or demand of any kind for the purpose of collecting such claim, or
  bringing an action thereon, or of representing claimant in  the  pursuit
  of  any civil remedy for the recovery thereof. But this section does not
  apply to an agreement between attorneys and counsellors-at-law to divide
  between themselves the compensation to be received.
2. Any person violating any of  the  provisions  of  this  section  is
  guilty of a misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15 - Attorneys and Counsellors › 492 - Use of Attorney's Name by Another.

§  492.  Use  of  attorney's name by another. If an attorney knowingly
  permits any person, not being his general law partner or a clerk in  his
  office,  to  sue out any process or to prosecute or defend any action in
  his name, except as authorized by this section, such attorney, and every
  person who shall so use his name, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
Whenever an action or proceeding is authorized by law to be prosecuted
  or defended in the name of the people, or of any public  officer,  board
  of  officers,  or municipal corporation, on behalf of another party, the
  attorney-general, or district  attorney,  or  attorney  of  such  public
  officer or board or corporation may permit any proceeding therein, to be
  taken in his name by an attorney to be chosen by the party in interest.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15 - Attorneys and Counsellors › 493 - Attorneys Forbidden to Defend Criminal Prosecutions Carried on by Their Partners, or Formerly by Themselves.

§  493. Attorneys forbidden to defend criminal prosecutions carried on
  by their partners, or formerly by themselves. An attorney, who  directly
  or indirectly advises in relation to, or aids or promotes the defense of
  any  action  or  proceeding  in  any  court, the prosecution of which is
  carried on, aided or promoted by a person as district attorney or  other
  public  prosecutor,  with  whom  such attorney is directly or indirectly
  connected as a partner; or who, having  himself  prosecuted  or  in  any
  manner  aided  or  promoted  any  action  of proceeding in any court, as
  district attorney or other public  prosecutor,  afterwards  directly  or
  indirectly  advises  in  relation  to, or takes any part in, the defense
  thereof, as attorney or otherwise; or who takes or receives any valuable
  consideration from or on behalf of any defendant  in  any  such  action,
  upon any understanding or agreement whatever, express or implied, having
  relation to the defense thereof, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15 - Attorneys and Counsellors › 496 - .

* §  496.  An  organization  described in subdivision seven of section
  four hundred ninety-five of this article shall file with  the  appellate
  division department in which its principal office is located a statement
  describing  the nature and purposes of the organization, the composition
  of its governing body, the type of legal services being made  available,
  and  the  names  and  addresses  of  any attorneys and counselors-at-law
  employed by the organization or with whom commitments have been made. An
  updating  of  this  information  shall  be  furnished  the   appropriate
  appellate  division  on  or before July first of each year and the names
  and addresses of attorneys  and  counselors-at-law  who  rendered  legal
  services during that year shall be included.
* NB Enacted without section heading.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15 - Attorneys and Counsellors › 498 - Professional Referrals.

§  498.  Professional  referrals. 1. There shall be no cause of action
  for damages arising against any association or society of attorneys  and
  counsellors  at  law authorized to practice in the state of New York for
  referring any person or persons to a member of the  profession  for  the
  purpose  of  obtaining  legal  services, provided that such referral was
  made without charge and as a  public  service  by  said  association  or
  society,  and  without  malice,  and  in the reasonable belief that such
  referral was warranted, based upon the facts disclosed.
2. The communications between a  member  or  authorized  agent  of  an
  association or society of attorneys or counselors at law and any person,
  persons or entity communicating with such member or authorized agent for
  the  purpose  of  seeking  or obtaining a professional referral shall be
  deemed to be privileged on the same basis as the privilege  provided  by
  law  for  communications between attorney and client. Such privilege may
  be waived only by the  person,  persons  or  entity  who  has  furnished
  information  to  the  association  or society, its members or authorized
  agents.
3. For the purposes  of  this  section,  "association  or  society  of
  attorneys  or  counsellors  at  law"  shall  mean any such organization,
  whether  incorporated  or  unincorporated,  which  offers   professional
  referrals as an incidental service in the normal course of business, but
  which business does not include the providing of legal services.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15 - Attorneys and Counsellors › 499 - Lawyer Assistance Committees.

§  499.  Lawyer  assistance  committees.  1.  Confidential information
  privileged. The confidential  relations  and  communications  between  a
  member or authorized agent of a lawyer assistance committee sponsored by
  a  state  or  local  bar association and any person, firm or corporation
  communicating with such committee,  its  members  or  authorized  agents
  shall  be deemed to be privileged on the same basis as those provided by
  law between attorney and client. Such privilege may be  waived  only  by
  the  person,  firm or corporation which has furnished information to the
  committee.
2. Immunity from liability. Any person, firm or  corporation  in  good
  faith providing information to, or in any other way participating in the
  affairs of, any of the committees referred to in subdivision one of this
  section shall be immune from civil liability that might otherwise result
  by  reason  of such conduct. For the purpose of any proceeding, the good
  faith of any such person, firm or corporation shall be presumed.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15-A - State Commission on Prosecutorial Conduct › 499-A - Establishment of Commission.

§  499-a.  Establishment of commission. There is hereby created within
  the executive department a state commission  of  prosecutorial  conduct.
  The  commission  shall  have the authority to review and investigate the
  conduct  of  prosecutors  upon  the  filing  of  a  complaint  with  the
  commission  to examine whether a prosecutor or prosecutors has committed
  conduct in the course of his or her official duties or  under  color  of
  state law potentially violative of statutes, the legal rights of private
  persons,  whether  statutory,  constitutional or otherwise; case law; or
  court rules, including, but  not  limited  to  the  New  York  Rules  of
  Professional  Conduct, 22 NYCRR 1200, or any subset thereof or successor
  thereto, including but not limited to Rule 3.8 (Special Responsibilities
  of Prosecutors and Other Government Lawyers).
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15-A - State Commission on Prosecutorial Conduct › 499-B - Definitions.

§  499-b.  Definitions. For the purposes of this article the following
  terms have the following meanings:
1. "Commission" means the state commission on prosecutorial conduct.
2. "Prosecutor" means a district attorney or  any  assistant  district
  attorney  of  any county of the state in an action to exact any criminal
  penalty, fine, sanction or forfeiture.
3. "Hearing" means a proceeding under subdivision four of section four
  hundred ninety-nine-f of this article.
4. "Member of the bar" means a person admitted to the practice of  law
  in this state for at least five years.
5. "Retired judge" shall mean a former judge or justice of the unified
  court  system  who  was qualified as an attorney during such service and
  served as such a judge or justice for at least five years.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15-A - State Commission on Prosecutorial Conduct › 499-E - Panels; Referees.

§  499-e.  Panels; referees. 1. The commission may delegate any of its
  functions, powers and duties to a panel of three of its members, one  of
  whom  shall  be  a  member of the bar, except that no panel shall confer
  immunity in accordance with section 50.20 of the criminal procedure law.
  No panel shall be authorized to take any action pursuant to subdivisions
  four through nine of section four hundred ninety-nine-f of this  article
  or subdivision two of this section.
2.  The  commission  may  designate  a  member of the bar who is not a
  prosecutor or a member of the commission or its staff as  a  referee  to
  hear  and  report to the commission in accordance with the provisions of
  section four hundred ninety-nine-f of this article. Such  referee  shall
  be  empowered  to  conduct  hearings,  administer oaths or affirmations,
  subpoena witnesses, compel their attendance, examine them under oath  or
  affirmation  and require the production of any books, records, documents
  or other evidence that the referee may deem relevant or material to  the
  subject of the hearing.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15-A - State Commission on Prosecutorial Conduct › 499-G - Confidentiality of Records.

§  499-g.  Confidentiality of records. Except as hereinafter provided,
  all complaints, correspondence, commission proceedings  and  transcripts
  thereof,  other  papers  and data and records of the commission shall be
  confidential and shall not  be  made  available  to  any  person  except
  pursuant  to  section  four  hundred  ninety-nine-f of this article. The
  commission and its designated  staff  personnel  shall  have  access  to
  confidential  material in the performance of their powers and duties. If
  the prosecutor who is the subject of a complaint so requests in writing,
  copies of the complaint, the transcripts of hearings by  the  commission
  thereon,  if  any,  and  the  dispositive  action of the commission with
  respect to the complaint, such copies with any reference to the identity
  of any person who did not  participate  at  any  such  hearing  suitably
  deleted  therefrom,  except the subject prosecutor or complainant, shall
  be made available for inspection and copying to the public,  or  to  any
  person, agency or body designated by such prosecutor.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15-A - State Commission on Prosecutorial Conduct › 499-I - Resignation Not to Divest Commission and the Appellate Division of Jurisdiction.

§  499-i.  Resignation  not  to  divest  commission  and the appellate
  division of jurisdiction. The jurisdiction of the appellate division and
  the commission pursuant to this article shall  continue  notwithstanding
  that  a  prosecutor  resigns  from  office after a recommendation by the
  commission  that  the  prosecutor  be  removed  from  office  has   been
  transmitted  to  the  governor, or in any case in which the commission's
  recommendation that a prosecutor should be removed from office shall  be
  transmitted to the governor within one hundred twenty days after receipt
  by  the  chief  administrator  of  the courts of the resignation of such
  prosecutor. Any determination by the governor that a prosecutor who  has
  resigned  should  be  removed  from  office shall render such prosecutor
  ineligible to hold any other prosecutorial office.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 15-A - State Commission on Prosecutorial Conduct › 499-J - Effect.

§  499-j.  Effect.  The  powers,  duties,  and  functions of the state
  commission on prosecutorial conduct shall not supersede the  powers  and
  duties  of  the  governor  as  outlined  in  section thirteen of article
  thirteen of the New York state constitution.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 16 - Selection of Jurors › 500 - Declaration of Policy.

§  500. Declaration of policy. It is the policy of this state that all
  litigants in the courts of this state entitled to trial  by  jury  shall
  have  the right to grand and petit juries selected at random from a fair
  cross-section of the community  in  the  county  or  other  governmental
  subdivision  wherein  the court convenes; and that all eligible citizens
  shall have the opportunity to serve on grand and  petit  juries  in  the
  courts  of  this  state,  and  shall  have  an  obligation to serve when
  summoned for that purpose, unless excused.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 16 - Selection of Jurors › 502 - Commissioner of Jurors.

§  502.  Commissioner  of  jurors.  (a)  The office of commissioner of
jurors is hereby  established  for  each  county  in  the  state  except
counties  within  cities  having a population of one million or more. In
counties within such cities the county clerk shall exercise  the  duties
and  have  the  powers  of  the commissioner of jurors. The commissioner
shall perform such services for all of the courts within the county,  as
may  be  prescribed  by  law  or rules of the appellate division for the
department embracing the county.
(b) In those counties in which, on the effective date of this article,
a commissioner of jurors is in office, the commissioner  shall  continue
in office until the expiration of his term.
(c)  The commissioner shall be an officer of all courts located in the
county in which he acts and shall have authority to administer oaths  or
affirmations  as to any matter relating to his duties under this article
or the rules of the  appropriate  appellate  division  adopted  pursuant
thereto.
(d)  The  commissioner  shall  take any steps necessary to enforce the
laws and  rules  relating  to  the  drawing,  selection,  summoning  and
impanelling of jurors.
(e)  The  commissioner  may  designate  from  among the members of his
staff, by a certificate filed in the office of the county clerk and  the
office  of  the  commissioner,  one  or  more  deputies or assistants to
perform any of his duties as required by law. Whenever reference is made
to the commissioner in  this  article  or  the  rules  adopted  pursuant
thereto,  such  reference  shall  be deemed to apply also to deputies or
assistants duly designated by him, except where the contrary  intent  is
plainly apparent from the context.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 16 - Selection of Jurors › 503 - County Jury Board.

§  503.  County  jury  board.  (a) There shall be established for each
county a jury board composed as follows:
1. In counties outside cities having a population of  one  million  or
more, except in the counties of Albany, Westchester, Suffolk and Nassau,
the  county jury board shall consist of one justice of the supreme court
residing in the county, or if there is no justice  residing  therein,  a
justice  residing  in  the  judicial district embracing the county to be
designated by the appropriate  appellate  division,  who  shall  act  as
chairman;  the  judge of the county court, or if there be more than one,
then the senior county judge; and a member of the county legislature  to
be designated by the county legislature, provided that no such member of
the county legislature shall be designated if he engages in the practice
of law.
2. In the county of Albany, the county jury board shall consist of the
county  judge, the surrogate and a member of the county legislature, all
to be designated in the manner  provided  in  subdivision  one  of  this
section.  In  the  county  of  Westchester,  the county jury board shall
consist of the administrative judge of the ninth judicial district if he
be a resident of Westchester County, and if  not,  the  senior  resident
justice  of  the  supreme court; the senior county judge; and the county
executive. In the counties of Nassau and Suffolk, the county jury  board
shall  consist  of  the  justices  of  the supreme court residing in the
county, the surrogate and the judges of the county court.
3. In counties within cities having a population  of  one  million  or
more,  the  county  jury board shall consist of the presiding justice of
the appellate division of the judicial department embracing the  county,
or  his  designee  from  among  the  justices  of the supreme court; two
justices of the supreme court residing in the county to be designated by
the appellate division of such department; and the county clerk  of  the
county.
(b)  The  county  jury  board shall meet at least annually and at such
additional times as may be necessary to carry out the purposes  of  this
article.    The  commissioner  of  jurors  shall act as secretary to the
county jury board.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 16 - Selection of Jurors › 504 - Appointment and Removal of Commissioner of Jurors.

§  504.  Appointment and removal of commissioner of jurors. (a) Except
in counties within cities having a population of one  million  or  more,
the   county  jury  board,  or  a  majority  thereof,  shall  appoint  a
commissioner of jurors for a term of  four  years  and  shall  fill  any
vacancy  occurring  in  such  office  in  the same manner as an original
appointment. The county jury board may, in its discretion,  appoint  the
county   clerk   or  other  county  officer  or  employee  to  serve  as
commissioner of jurors. A county clerk's term of office as  commissioner
shall be coterminus with his term of office as county clerk.
(b)  The  commissioner  shall  be removable for cause by the appellate
division of the supreme court in the judicial department  embracing  the
county,  upon  written  charges  and  opportunity  to be heard after due
notice thereof. If such commissioner is the county clerk, the  appellate
division  may  remove  him  from  the office of commissioner in the same
manner.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 16 - Selection of Jurors › 505 - Oath of Office.

§ 505. Oath of office. Before entering upon the duties of his office a
  commissioner appointed under this article, and each deputy, assistant or
  employee,  shall  take the oath of office prescribed by law and file the
  same with the office of court administration and in the  office  of  the
  county clerk without charge.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 16 - Selection of Jurors › 506 - Source of Names.

§  506.  Source  of  names. The commissioner of jurors shall cause the
  names of prospective jurors to be selected  at  random  from  the  voter
  registration lists, and from such other available lists of the residents
  of  the  county  as the chief administrator of the courts shall specify,
  such as lists  of  utility  subscribers,  licensed  operators  of  motor
  vehicles,   registered   owners  of  motor  vehicles,  state  and  local
  taxpayers, persons applying for or receiving family assistance,  medical
  assistance   or   safety   net   assistance,   persons  receiving  state
  unemployment benefits and persons  who  have  volunteered  to  serve  as
  jurors  by  filing  with  the  commissioner  their  names  and places of
  residence.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 16 - Selection of Jurors › 507 - Random Selection.

§  507.  Random selection. The commissioner of jurors shall select the
  names of prospective jurors, or cause them to  be  selected,  at  random
  from the sources provided in section five hundred six. The selection may
  be  accomplished  by mechanical means or by any other method designed to
  implement the purposes of this article.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 16 - Selection of Jurors › 508 - Number to Be Selected.

§ 508. Number to be selected. The commissioner of jurors shall draw at
  random  for each term and each separate part of a term of court at which
  issues are triable by jury, such number of petit jurors and such  number
  of  grand jurors as he believes necessary, unless otherwise specified by
  order of the appellate  division  or  by  written  order  of  the  judge
  appointed  to  hold  the part or term of court. Jurors shall be drawn in
  such manner, and serve for such  period  of  time,  as  the  appropriate
  appellate division shall prescribe by rule.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 16 - Selection of Jurors › 509 - Qualification of Jurors.

§  509.  Qualification of jurors. (a) The commissioner of jurors shall
determine the qualifications of a prospective  juror  on  the  basis  of
information  provided  on  the  juror's qualification questionnaire. The
commissioner of jurors may also  consider  other  information  including
information  obtained  from public agencies concerning previous criminal
convictions. The commissioner may  require  the  fingerprinting  of  all
persons  drawn  for  grand jury service. A record of the persons who are
found not qualified or who are excused, and the reasons therefor,  shall
be maintained by the commissioner of jurors. The county jury board shall
have  the  power  to  review any determination of the commissioner as to
qualifications and excuses. Such questionnaires  and  records  shall  be
considered  confidential and shall not be disclosed except to the county
jury board or as permitted by the appellate division.
(b) The commissioner may mail to  each  prospective  juror  the  juror
qualification  questionnaire.  The  person  to whom the questionnaire is
mailed shall complete and sign it and  return  it  to  the  commissioner
within  ten  days of mailing. If the questionnaire has not been returned
or properly completed, or if the commissioner otherwise determines  that
a  personal  interview  is  required,  the  commissioner  may summon the
prospective juror to appear before him or her for the purpose of filling
out the questionnaire or being examined as to  his  or  her  competence,
qualifications,  eligibility  and  liability  to  serve as a juror. Such
person shall not be entitled to any fee or mileage when  responding  for
such  purpose.  The summons may be served personally or by leaving it at
the person's residence or place of business with a  person  of  suitable
age  and discretion, or by mail. If served personally or by substitution
the summons shall require the person summoned to attend  not  less  than
five days after service. If served by mail the summons shall require the
person summoned to attend not less than eight days after mailing.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 16 - Selection of Jurors › 510 - Qualifications.

§ 510. Qualifications. In order to qualify as a juror a person must:
1. Be a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the county.
2. Be not less than eighteen years of age.
3. Not have been convicted of a felony.
4. Be able to understand and communicate in the English language.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 16 - Selection of Jurors › 516 - Commissioner of Jurors to Summon Jurors.

§  516.  Commissioner  of jurors to summon jurors. The commissioner of
  jurors shall summon each juror drawn for jury service  by  serving  upon
  him  a  summons  and  specifying the place where and the time when he is
  required to attend.    The  summons  may  be  served  by  mail,  or  the
  commissioner  may  direct the sheriff to serve the summons personally or
  by leaving it at the juror's residence  or  place  of  business  with  a
  person of suitable age and discretion.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 16 - Selection of Jurors › 517 - Excuses and Postponements.

§ 517. Excuses and postponements. (a) (1) Except as otherwise provided
in paragraph two of this subdivision, the commissioner of jurors may, in
his or her discretion, on the application of a prospective juror who has
been  summoned  to  attend, excuse such prospective juror from a part or
the whole of the time of jury service or may postpone the time  of  jury
service  to  a  later  day during the same or any subsequent term of the
court, provided that if the prospective juror is a breastfeeding  mother
and submits with her application a note from a physician indicating that
the  prospective  juror  is breastfeeding, the commissioner shall excuse
the prospective  juror  or  postpone  the  time  of  jury  service.  The
application  shall  be presented to the commissioner at such time and in
such manner as he or she shall require, except that an  application  for
postponement  of  the  initial  date  for  jury  service  may be made by
telephone.
(2) An application for postponement of jury service shall  be  granted
hereunder  provided:  (i) such service has not already been postponed or
excused, (ii) the application is made at such time and in such manner as
the commissioner of jurors requires, and (iii) the postponement is to  a
date certain when the court is in session not more than six months after
the date on which such service otherwise is to commence and such date is
selected  by  the  prospective  juror, provided  that if the prospective
juror is a breastfeeding mother, the postponement date  may  be  a  date
certain  up  to two years after the date on which such service otherwise
is to commence.
(b) A person whose application has been denied by the commissioner, or
who has not applied to the commissioner for an excuse  or  postponement,
may  apply to the trial court, or to the court having supervision of the
grand jury, as the case may be, which may,  in  its  discretion,  excuse
such person from a part or the whole of the time of jury service, or may
postpone  the time of jury service to a later day during the same or any
subsequent term of the court. If the applicant cannot personally attend,
he or she shall send the summons and application by a person capable  of
making the necessary proof in relation to the application.
(c)  In  determining  whether  an  application  for  excusal should be
granted, the commissioner  or  the  court  shall  consider  whether  the
applicant  has  a mental or physical condition that causes him or her to
be incapable of performing jury service  or  there  is  any  other  fact
indicates  that  attendance  for  jury  service  in  accordance with the
summons would cause undue  hardship  or  extreme  inconvenience  to  the
applicant, a person under his or her care or supervision, or the public.
Except  as provided in paragraph two of subdivision (a) of this section,
in  determining  whether  an  application  for  postponement  should  be
granted,  the  commissioner  or  the  court shall be guided by standards
promulgated by the chief administrator of the courts.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 16 - Selection of Jurors › 519 - Right of Juror to Be Absent From Employment.

§  519. Right of juror to be absent from employment. Any person who is
  summoned to serve as a juror under the provisions of  this  article  and
  who   notifies  his  or  her  employer  to  that  effect  prior  to  the
  commencement of a term of service shall not, on account of absence  from
  employment  by  reason  of such jury service, be subject to discharge or
  penalty. An employer may, however, withhold wages of any  such  employee
  serving  as  a juror during the period of such service; provided that an
  employer who employs more than ten  employees  shall  not  withhold  the
  first  forty  dollars of such juror's daily wages during the first three
  days of jury service. Withholding  of  wages  in  accordance  with  this
  section  shall  not be deemed a penalty. Violation of this section shall
  constitute a criminal contempt of court punishable pursuant  to  section
  seven hundred fifty of this chapter.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 16 - Selection of Jurors › 519-A - Right of Sequestered Jurors to Be Provided With Food Conforming to Religious Tenets.

§  519-a.  Right  of  sequestered  jurors  to  be  provided  with food
  conforming to religious tenets. 1. Every juror shall have the  right  to
  be  provided  upon  request  meals  consisting  of food or food products
  prepared in accordance with the religious  requirements  of  the  person
  when  meals  would  be otherwise provided during any period in which the
  jury has been sequestered by the court.
2. Upon the swearing in of every jury, the court shall inform the jury
  of the provisions of subdivision one of this section and  shall  request
  each  juror electing the benefits thereof to so signify and shall direct
  an appropriate public officer or employee to accordingly  make  suitable
  arrangements  for  the provision of conforming food or food products for
  meals provided during any period in which the jury is sequestered.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 16 - Selection of Jurors › 520 - Trial Jurors to Serve in Other Parts, Terms or Courts.

§  520.  Trial  jurors to serve in other parts, terms or courts. Trial
  jurors drawn for service pursuant to the provisions of this article  may
  serve as trial jurors in any term or part of the same court when it sits
  in  terms  or  parts, or in any other court in the same county or in the
  case of an order issued pursuant to paragraph (b) of subdivision two  of
  section  230.20  of the criminal procedure law providing for an enlarged
  jury pool, in any court in the same judicial district. When  serving  in
  such  other  term, part or court their service shall have the same force
  and effect as if they had been drawn as trial jurors for service in such
  other term, part or court.
2023 New York Laws › JUD - Judiciary › Article 16 - Selection of Jurors › 521 - Fees and Travel Expenses of Jurors.

§  521.  Fees and travel expenses of jurors. (a) Except as provided in
subdivision (b) of this section, trial and grand jurors in each court of
the unified court system shall be entitled to an allowance equal to  the
sum  of  forty  dollars  per  day  for  each  and  every day of physical
attendance wherein the court convenes, except  that  no  person  who  is
employed  shall  be  entitled  to receive such allowance if, pursuant to
section five hundred nineteen of this article, his or  her  employer  is
prohibited  from  withholding  the  first forty dollars of wages of such
person during such period and such person's daily wages equal or  exceed
forty dollars. If such person's daily wages are less than forty dollars,
he  or  she shall be entitled to receive an allowance hereunder equal to
the difference between forty dollars and the amount of his or her  daily
wages. Such fees and those expenses actually and necessarily incurred in
providing  food  and  lodging for jurors shall be a state charge payable
out of funds appropriated to the office of court administration for that
purpose.
(b) No employee shall be entitled to receive the  per  diem  allowance
authorized  by  subdivision  (a)  of  this  section  for  any  regularly
scheduled workday on which jury service is rendered if, on such day, his
or her wages are not withheld on account of such service.
(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section,  a  trial  or
grand  juror  may  waive  entitlement  to  the  allowance  authorized by
subdivision (a) of this section.  In  such  event  the  amount  of  such
allowance  shall  be  available to the chief administrator of the courts
solely for the purposes specified in paragraph (m) of subdivision two of
section two hundred twelve of this chapter, except that any such amounts
not expended in such fashion as of the close of the fiscal year in which
they became available shall be transferred by  the  comptroller  to  the
supplemental  jury  facilities  fund  established  pursuant  to  section
ninety-four-c of the state finance law.