reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17-A - Franchised Motor Vehicle Dealer Act › 467 - Dealership Facilities Assistance Upon Termination, Cancellation or Nonrenewal.

§ 467. Dealership facilities assistance upon termination, cancellation
  or  nonrenewal. Upon a permitted termination, cancellation or nonrenewal
  by the franchisor, unless such termination, cancellation  or  nonrenewal
  is  for a reason or reasons set forth in subparagraph three of paragraph
  (d) of subdivision two of  section  four  hundred  sixty-three  of  this
  article,  the  franchisor  shall assume the obligations for any lease of
  the dealership facilities or arrange for a new lease of  the  dealership
  facilities  or  pay the dealer the lease payments for one year, whatever
  is less, or negotiate a lease termination for the dealership  facilities
  at  the  franchisor's  expense.  If  the  facilities  are  owned  by the
  franchised motor vehicle dealer, the franchisor shall pay such dealer  a
  sum equivalent to the reasonable rental value of the dealership facility
  for  one  year,  provided  the  franchised  motor  vehicle  dealer shall
  mitigate damages in the case of an owned facility.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17-A - Franchised Motor Vehicle Dealer Act › 468 - Preservation of Consumer Protection Statutes.

§ 468. Preservation of consumer protection statutes. Nothing contained
  herein  shall in any way be construed or interpreted to modify, limit or
  affect the full powers and duties heretofore  or  hereafter  granted  to
  consumer protection agencies created by statute or regulation enacted by
  state,  city, county or local municipalities and the rights of consumers
  to make complaints thereto, it being  the  intent  of  this  article  to
  provide  for  the  settlement and/or determination of disputes under the
  franchised  motor  vehicle  dealer  act  as  between   franchisors   and
  franchised motor vehicle dealers as defined herein.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17-A - Franchised Motor Vehicle Dealer Act › 469 - Private Actions.

§ 469. Private actions. 1. A franchised motor vehicle dealer who is or
  may  be  aggrieved  by  a violation of this article shall be entitled to
  request an  adjudicatory  proceeding,  as  prescribed  in  section  four
  hundred  seventy-one-a of this article, or in lieu thereof, sue for, and
  have, injunctive relief and damages in any court  of  the  state  having
  jurisdiction   over   the  parties.  In  any  such  judicial  action  or
  proceeding, the court may award necessary costs and disbursements plus a
  reasonable attorney's fee to any party.
2. Whenever a franchise provides for the use of arbitration to resolve
  a controversy arising out of or relating to such  contract,  arbitration
  may  be  used  to settle such controversy only if after such controversy
  arises all parties  to  such  controversy  consent  in  writing  to  use
  arbitration to settle such controversy.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17-A - Franchised Motor Vehicle Dealer Act › 469-A - Powers of the Commissioner.

§  469-a.  Powers  of  the  commissioner.  1. In addition to any other
  powers and duties of the commissioner set forth  in  this  chapter,  the
  commissioner  shall  have  the  power  to enforce the provisions of this
  article, in accordance with section four hundred seventy-one-a  of  this
  article.
2.  The commissioner shall prescribe such rules and regulations as the
  commissioner shall deem necessary for the implementation of this section
  and section four hundred seventy-one-a of this article.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17-A - Franchised Motor Vehicle Dealer Act › 471 - Notice Requirement.

§ 471. Notice  requirement.  1.  A  dealer shall not display for sale,
  exchange or sell any new motor vehicle, or any used motor vehicle,  that
  was  originally  sold  by  a  manufacturer  for distribution outside the
  United States without prominently displaying  a  label  on  the  vehicle
  stating  that  "This  vehicle  was  not  sold  by  the  manufacturer for
  distribution within the United States. It may not have the same standard
  features, emissions equipment,  safety  equipment,  optional  equipment,
  specifications  and  warranty,  or  otherwise  be identical to the other
  motor vehicles which are sold by the manufacturer  for  distribution  in
  the United States".
2.  Any  person who violates this section and any person who knowingly
  aids and abets any such violation of this section shall be liable to any
  person aggrieved to the extent of  any  additional  margin  obtained  or
  obtainable on such purchase and resale.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17-A - Franchised Motor Vehicle Dealer Act › 471-B - Judicial Review.

§  471-b.  Judicial  review. A decision of the presiding officer under
  section four hundred seventy-one-a of this article shall be  subject  to
  review   by  the  supreme  court  in  the  manner  provided  by  article
  seventy-eight of the civil practice law and rules.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17-A - Franchised Motor Vehicle Dealer Act › 472 - Separability.

§ 472. Separability.  If  any part or provision of this article or the
  application thereof to any person or circumstance be adjudged invalid by
  any court of competent jurisdiction, such judgment shall be confined  in
  its operation to the part, provision or application directly involved in
  the  controversy  in  which  such  judgment shall have been rendered and
  shall not affect or impair the validity of the remainder of this article
  or the application thereof to other persons or circumstances.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17-A - Franchised Motor Vehicle Dealer Act › 473 - Savings Clause.

§  473. Savings clause. Nothing in this article shall prohibit, limit,
  restrict or impose conditions on:
1.  The  business  activities  (including,  without  limitation,   the
  dealings  with motor vehicle manufacturers and their representatives and
  affiliates) of any person that is primarily engaged in the  business  of
  rental  of  motor vehicles and industrial and construction equipment and
  activities incidental to that  business  provided  that  (a)  any  motor
  vehicles  sold  by  such  person are limited to used motor vehicles that
  have been previously used exclusively and regularly by  such  person  in
  the  conduct  of  business  and  used  motor vehicles traded in on motor
  vehicles sold by such person, (b) warranty  repairs  performed  by  such
  person  on  motor  vehicles  are limited to those motor vehicles that it
  owns, previously  owned  or  takes  in  trade,  and  (c)  motor  vehicle
  financing provided by such person to retail consumers for motor vehicles
  is  limited  to vehicles sold by such person in the conduct of business;
  or
2. The direct or indirect  ownership,  affiliation  or  control  of  a
  person described in subdivision one of this section.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17-A* - Non-Driver Identification Card › 491 - Period of Validity of Identification Card; Required Fees.

§ 491. Period  of  validity  of identification card; required fees. 1.
Period of validity. An identification card shall be valid from the  date
of issuance until the date of expiration determined by the commissioner,
except  that  (a)  any person sixty-two years of age or older or (b) any
recipient of supplemental security income benefits  defined  in  section
two  hundred  eight  of the social services law, shall be eligible for a
card which expires ten years after the date of issuance. Such  dates  of
issuance  and  expiration  shall  be  noted  on the identification card.
However, the prior identification card  shall  expire  on  the  date  of
issuance   of   a   renewal  of  such  prior  identification  card.  The
commissioner may extend the period of validity of an identification card
in a manner and form prescribed by the commissioner.
2. Fees. (a) The fee for an identification card shall be  fifty  cents
for each six months, or any portion thereof of the identification card's
validity, except that the fee which shall be charged for the issuance of
any  original,  duplicate, or renewal identification card issued (i) any
person sixty-two years  of  age  or  older  or  (ii)  any  recipient  of
supplemental  security income benefits as defined in section two hundred
eight of the social services law, shall be one dollar  and  fifty  cents
for a period of ten years.
(b)  The  fee for a duplicate of an identification card shall be three
dollars.
(c) In addition to other fees prescribed  herein,  an  additional  fee
shall  be charged for the issuance of any original, duplicate or renewal
identification card which contains a photograph of the holder. Such  fee
shall  not  exceed  the  additional cost of providing a photograph on an
identification card rounded to the next highest twenty-five cents.
(d) There shall be no fee other than a fee prescribed in paragraph (c)
of this subdivision for an amended identification card.
(e) In addition to any  other  fee  prescribed  in  this  section,  an
additional  fee  of  thirty  dollars shall be charged for any non-driver
identification card, issued to a  New  York  state  resident  who  is  a
citizen  of the United States, that can be used for certain land and sea
border crossings pursuant to section 7209 of the Intelligence Reform and
Terrorism Prevention Act of Two Thousand Four, Public  Law  108-458,  or
the regulations promulgated thereunder.
3.  Waiver  of  fee.  The  commissioner  may waive the payment of fees
required by subdivision two of this section if the applicant is  (a)  an
incarcerated individual in an institution or correctional facility under
the  jurisdiction  of a state department or agency, or (b) a victim of a
crime and the identification card applied for is a replacement  for  one
that was lost or destroyed as a result of the crime.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17-A* - Non-Driver Identification Card › 492 - Duplicate Identification Card; Change of Address.

§ 492. Duplicate  identification  card;  change  of  address. 1. Lost,
  mutilated or destroyed identification card. In the event  of  the  loss,
  mutilation or destruction of any identification card, the holder thereof
  may  file  with the commissioner proof of the facts with respect to such
  loss, mutilation or destruction, together with  the  fee  prescribed  by
  law.  If the commissioner is satisfied that the applicant is entitled to
  a duplicate thereof, he shall issue a duplicate of the  lost,  mutilated
  or destroyed identification card.
2.   Amendment   of   identification   card.  Any  person  holding  an
  identification card which contains any error other than a clerical error
  made by the issuing agency, with respect to  the  information  contained
  thereon,  shall file an application with the commissioner for an amended
  identification card to have such error corrected. The commissioner shall
  require such person to submit proof acceptable to him  with  respect  to
  the  facts,  and  upon  approval  of such proof and the surrender of the
  prior identification card, the commissioner shall issue  an  appropriate
  amended identification card.
3.  Change  of  address.  It  shall  be the duty of every holder of an
  identification card to notify the commissioner in writing of any  change
  of residence of such holder within ten days after such change occurs.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17-A* - Non-Driver Identification Card › 493 - Revocation of Identification Card.

§ 493. Revocation  of  identification  card.  The  commissioner may by
  regulation prescribe when and under what circumstances an identification
  card shall be revoked or otherwise terminated and be surrendered by  the
  holder  thereof.  Provided, however, that nothing contained herein shall
  limit or restrict the right and power of a judge of a court of record in
  the state of New York to order the surrender of an  identification  card
  following a determination that said identification card has been used in
  connection  with  a  violation of the provisions of section four hundred
  ninety-five of this article.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17-A* - Non-Driver Identification Card › 494 - Administrative Procedure.

§ 494. Administrative  procedure.  1.  Any  application required to be
  filed under this article shall be in a manner and on  a  form  or  forms
  prescribed   by  the  commissioner.  The  applicant  shall  furnish  all
  information required by  statute  and  such  other  information  as  the
  commissioner shall deem appropriate.
2.  The  commissioner  may  promulgate regulations with respect to the
  administration of the provisions of this article.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17-A* - Non-Driver Identification Card › 495 - Prohibition Against Transfer.

§ 495. Prohibition  against  transfer.  It  shall  be unlawful for the
  owner of any identification card to transfer  said  card  to  any  other
  person.  Any person who shall transfer such identification card shall be
  guilty of a violation, and upon conviction thereof, shall be  fined  not
  more  than  two hundred fifty dollars or be imprisoned for not more than
  fifteen days or both.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17-C - Metropolitan Commuter Transportation District Supplemental Registration Fee › 499 - Definition.

§  499.  Definition.  For  the  purposes of this article "metropolitan
  commuter transportation district" shall  mean  the  area  of  the  state
  included  in the district created and governed by section twelve hundred
  sixty-two of the public authorities law.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17-C - Metropolitan Commuter Transportation District Supplemental Registration Fee › 499-A - Metropolitan Commuter Transportation District Supplemental Registration Fee.

§  499-a.  Metropolitan  commuter transportation district supplemental
  registration fee. Registrants  residing  in  the  metropolitan  commuter
  transportation  district  shall  upon  the  registration or renewal of a
  motor vehicle be charged a supplemental registration fee to be  paid  to
  the  commissioner  or his or her agent in accordance with the provisions
  of this article.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17-C - Metropolitan Commuter Transportation District Supplemental Registration Fee › 499-B - Collection of Supplemental Fee.

§  499-b.  Collection  of  supplemental  fee. All registrants of motor
  vehicles who reside in the metropolitan commuter transportation district
  shall pay to the commissioner or  his  or  her  agent  the  supplemental
  registration  fee  provided  for  in  this  article upon registration or
  renewal of motor vehicles subject to registration fees pursuant  to  the
  following  sections  of  this chapter: paragraph a of subdivision six of
  section four hundred one; schedules A, B,  C,  E,  F,  G,  I  and  K  of
  subdivision   seven   of  section  four  hundred  one;  paragraph  a  of
  subdivision  eight  of  section  four  hundred  one;  paragraph   a   of
  subdivision  five  of section four hundred ten; and section four hundred
  eleven-b.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17-C - Metropolitan Commuter Transportation District Supplemental Registration Fee › 499-C - Calculation of Supplemental Registration Fee.

§   499-c.   Calculation   of   supplemental   registration  fee.  The
  supplemental registration fee to be charged  pursuant  to  section  four
  hundred  ninety-nine-b of this article, shall be calculated at a rate of
  twenty-five dollars per annum for each year or portion of  a  year  that
  such registration is valid.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17-C - Metropolitan Commuter Transportation District Supplemental Registration Fee › 499-D - Deposit and Disposition of Revenue From Supplemental Fee.

§ 499-d. Deposit and disposition of revenue from supplemental fee. The
  commissioner  shall  deposit daily all funds derived from the collection
  of the supplemental fee established pursuant to this article  with  such
  responsible   banks,  banking  houses  or  trust  companies  as  may  be
  designated by the state comptroller, in trust  for  the  credit  of  the
  metropolitan  transportation authority. An account may be established in
  one or more of such depositories. Such deposits shall be  kept  separate
  and  apart from all other money in the possession of the comptroller. On
  or before the twelfth day of each month, the commissioner shall  certify
  to  the comptroller the amount of all revenues received pursuant to this
  article during the prior month as  a  result  of  the  supplemental  fee
  imposed,  including  any interest and penalties thereon. The revenues so
  certified over the prior three months in total shall be paid over by the
  fifteenth day of the last month  of  each  calendar  quarter  from  such
  account,   without  appropriation,  into  the  corporate  transportation
  account of the metropolitan transportation authority special  assistance
  fund  established  by  section  twelve  hundred  seventy-a of the public
  authorities  law,  to  be  applied  as  provided  in  paragraph  (e)  of
  subdivision  four  of such section. Any money collected pursuant to this
  section  that  is  deposited  by  the  comptroller  in   the   corporate
  transportation  account  of  the  metropolitan  transportation authority
  special assistance fund shall be held in such fund free and clear of any
  claim by any person or entity paying an additional fee pursuant to  this
  section,  including,  without  limiting the generality of the foregoing,
  any right or claim against the  metropolitan  transportation  authority,
  any   of  its  bondholders,  or  any  subsidiary  or  affiliate  of  the
  metropolitan transportation authority.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 18 - Application of This Title › 500 - Application of This Title.

§ 500. Application  of  this  title.  Except  as  otherwise  expressly
  provided in this chapter, this title shall be exclusively controlling:
a. Upon the licensing and regulation of drivers; and
b. On their use of public highways.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 19 - Licensing of Drivers › 501-B - Additional Restrictions on Certain Learners' Permits and Drivers' Licenses.

§  501-b.  Additional  restrictions  on  certain learners' permits and
drivers' licenses. 1. In  addition  to  the  restrictions  contained  in
subdivision  five of section five hundred one of this article, no holder
of a class DJ or class MJ learner's permit shall:
(a) operate a motor vehicle with any front seat occupants  other  than
the supervising driver;
(b)  operate  a motor vehicle unless every occupant of such vehicle is
properly restrained by a safety belt or child safety seat in  accordance
with  the  provisions  of  subdivision three-a of section twelve hundred
twenty-nine-c of this chapter;
(c) operate a motor vehicle with more than one passenger who is  under
the age of twenty-one and who is not a member of such holder's immediate
family,  provided,  however, that the provisions of this paragraph shall
not apply when such holder is accompanied by  a  duly  licensed  parent,
guardian,  person  in  a  position  of  loco  parentis, driver education
teacher or driving school instructor;
(d) be eligible for issuance of a class DJ, MJ, D or M license  unless
such  permit  has been valid for at least six months. Any time period in
which such class DJ or MJ learner's permit has been suspended or revoked
shall not be counted  in  determining  the  length  of  time  that  such
learner's permit has been valid.
2.  In  addition to the restrictions contained in subdivision three of
section five hundred one of this article, no holder of  a  class  DJ  or
class MJ license shall operate a motor vehicle:
(a)  unless every occupant of such vehicle is properly restrained by a
safety belt or child safety seat in accordance with  the  provisions  of
subdivision  three-a  of  section  twelve  hundred twenty-nine-c of this
chapter; and
(b) with more than one passenger who is under the  age  of  twenty-one
and  who  is  not  a member of such holder's immediate family, provided,
however, that the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply when such
holder is accompanied by a duly licensed parent, guardian, person  in  a
position  of  loco  parentis, driver education teacher or driving school
instructor.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 19 - Licensing of Drivers › 502-A - Determination of Weights Applicable to License Requirements.

§ 502-a. Determination  of weights applicable to license requirements.
  The applicability of the requirements relative to licensing  as  defined
  in  this  article  shall,  except  when a commercial driver's license is
  required solely because the vehicle is transporting hazardous  materials
  or  passengers,  be  based  upon  the  vehicle  manufacturer's GVWR, the
  registration weight of the vehicle or the actual weight of  the  vehicle
  and  the  load,  whichever  is greater, or with respect to passenger and
  limited use automobiles shall be based upon the registration  weight  of
  the automobile.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 19 - Licensing of Drivers › 506 - Reexamination of Licensees.

§ 506. Reexamination   of   licensees.  1.  If  the  commissioner  has
  reasonable grounds to believe that a person  holding  a  license  issued
  pursuant  to this article is not qualified to drive a motor vehicle, the
  commissioner may require such person to  submit  to  an  examination  to
  determine his qualifications.
2.  The commissioner may require every person holding a license issued
  pursuant to this article to submit to such an examination  as  shall  be
  determined  by him to be appropriate if such person has been involved in
  three accidents while driving a motor vehicle  or  motorcycle  within  a
  period  of  eighteen  months,  if  such  accidents  were  required to be
  reported by section six hundred five of this chapter.
3. If the licensee satisfactorily  passes  any  such  examination,  he
  shall  be  so informed and his license shall continue to be valid. If he
  fails to pass, the commissioner shall take such reasonable action as may
  be required.  Such action may consist of imposing  restrictions  on  the
  use  of  the  license  of  such person, in suspending such license for a
  definite or indefinite period, or in revoking such license. If any  such
  person  fails  after  reasonable  notice  or  refuses  to  submit  to an
  examination, the commissioner may revoke his license or suspend  it  for
  an indefinite period solely because of such failure or refusal.
4.  Any  person  holding a license issued pursuant to this chapter who
  suffers permanent loss of use of one or both hands or arms or of one  or
  both  feet or legs, or one eye shall, before operating any motor vehicle
  or motorcycle make report thereof to the commissioner,  who  shall  take
  such  reasonable  action  as  may be proper under the provisions of this
  section.
5. Upon the permanent loss of use of both eyes a license issued  under
  this article shall be null and void.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 19-A - Special Requirements for Bus Drivers › 509-B - Qualifications of Bus Drivers.

§ 509-b. Qualifications  of  bus  drivers.  Notwithstanding  any other
provision of law, a person shall be qualified to operate a bus  only  if
such person:
(1) is at least eighteen years old;
(2) has been issued a currently valid driver's license or permit which
is valid for the operation of the bus in this state;
(3)  has  passed  the  bus  driver  physical  examination administered
pursuant to regulations established by the commissioner; and
(4) is not disqualified to drive a motor vehicle pursuant  to  section
five hundred nine-c or any other provision of this article.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 19-A - Special Requirements for Bus Drivers › 509-BB - Reexamination of Bus Drivers.

§ 509-bb. Reexamination  of  bus drivers. (1) Any person employed as a
bus driver who has on three occasions  been  the  operator  of  a  motor
vehicle involved in an accident of a nature or type set forth in section
five  hundred  nine-a  of  this  article,  where such accidents occurred
within an eighteen-month period,  shall  be  subject  to  reexamination,
including  a  road test, as provided in this section; provided, however,
that if such person is subject to a period of disqualification  pursuant
to  section five hundred nine-c or five hundred nine-cc of this article,
such reexamination shall occur not more than forty-five  days  prior  to
the  completion  of  such  period  of  disqualification;  and  provided,
further, that accidents in which the driver was completely without fault
shall not be included  in  determining  whether  such  reexamination  is
required.
(2) The commissioner may require any person who meets the criteria set
forth  in  subdivision  one  of  this  section  to  submit  to  such  an
examination as the commissioner shall deem appropriate.  Every  required
road  test  shall be administered on an appropriate vehicle defined as a
bus pursuant to section five hundred nine-a of this article.
(3) For purposes of this section,  one  such  accident  shall  not  be
counted  if  the  person successfully completes a motor vehicle accident
prevention course approved by the commissioner.
(4) Upon the failure  of  the  licensee  to  successfully  complete  a
reexamination  authorized  by  this section, the commissioner shall take
such reasonable action as may be required. Such action  may  consist  of
imposing  restrictions  on  the  use  of  the  license  of  such person,
suspending such license for a definite or indefinite period, or revoking
such license. The commissioner may revoke or suspend for  an  indefinite
period  the  license  of any person who after reasonable notice fails or
refuses to submit to such reexamination. No  person  whose  license  has
been  suspended  or  revoked  under  this  section shall be qualified to
operate a bus until such person successfully completes  a  reexamination
authorized by this section.
(5)  Upon a driver's successful completion of a reexamination required
by  this  section,  the  commissioner  shall  issue  an   eighteen-month
probationary license to such driver and all of the provisions of section
five hundred ten-b of this article shall apply.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 19-A - Special Requirements for Bus Drivers › 509-E - Annual Review of Driving Record.

§ 509-e. Annual review of driving record. Each motor carrier shall, at
  least  once  every  twelve months, review the driving record of each bus
  driver it  employs  to  determine  whether  that  driver  meets  minimum
  requirements  for  safe driving and is qualified to drive a bus pursuant
  to section five hundred nine-b of this article. In reviewing  a  driving
  record, the motor carrier must consider any evidence that the bus driver
  has  violated  applicable provisions of the vehicle and traffic law. The
  motor carrier must also consider the driver's accident  record  and  any
  evidence  that  the  driver has violated laws governing the operation of
  motor vehicles, such as speeding, reckless driving, and operating  while
  under  the  influence of alcohol or drugs, that indicate that the driver
  has exhibited a disregard for the safety of the public. Such information
  shall be recorded in the employer's record.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 19-A - Special Requirements for Bus Drivers › 509-F - Record of Violations.

§ 509-f. Record of violations. Each motor carrier shall, at least once
  every  twelve  months, require each bus driver it employs to prepare and
  furnish it with a list of all violations of motor vehicle  traffic  laws
  and  ordinances  (other than violations involving only parking) of which
  the driver has been convicted or on account of which  he  has  forfeited
  bond  or  collateral  and all accidents of a nature or type set forth in
  section five hundred nine-a of this article  in  which  the  driver  was
  involved  during  the preceding twelve months whether such violations or
  accidents occurred in this state or elsewhere. Such information shall be
  recorded in the employer's record.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 19-A - Special Requirements for Bus Drivers › 509-H - Operation by Person Not Licensed to Drive a Bus.

§ 509-h. Operation  by  person  not licensed to drive a bus. The motor
  carrier shall not knowingly permit any person to operate a bus  carrying
  passengers  unless  the  driver  meets  all  of the requirements of this
  article; except that a motor carrier may permit a conditional school bus
  driver who is not otherwise disqualified under the  provisions  of  this
  article  to  operate  a  bus for a period not to exceed ninety days or a
  longer period if granted a written extension of such ninety  day  period
  by   the   department   pursuant   to  regulations  established  by  the
  commissioner. Such regulation shall authorize  extension  for  at  least
  that  period of time necessary to review information regarding the prior
  criminal history of the applicant.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 19-A - Special Requirements for Bus Drivers › 509-K - Ill or Fatigued Operator.

§ 509-k. Ill or fatigued operator. No driver shall operate a bus and a
  motor  carrier  shall  not  permit  a  driver to operate a bus while the
  driver's ability or alertness is so impaired, or  so  likely  to  become
  impaired,  through  fatigue,  illness  or any other cause, as to make it
  unsafe for him to begin or continue to operate the bus. At  the  request
  of the driver or the motor carrier such illness, fatigue, or other cause
  shall  be  certified  by  a qualified physician.   However, in a case of
  grave emergency where the hazard to occupants of the bus or other  users
  of  the  highway would be increased by compliance with this section, the
  driver may continue to operate the bus to the  nearest  place  at  which
  that hazard is removed.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 19-A - Special Requirements for Bus Drivers › 509-L - Drugs, Controlled Substances and Intoxicating Liquor.

§ 509-l. Drugs,  controlled  substances and intoxicating liquor. 1. No
person shall:
(a) consume a drug, controlled substance or  an  intoxicating  liquor,
regardless  of  its  alcoholic  content, or be under the influence of an
intoxicating liquor or drug, within six hours before going  on  duty  or
operating, or having physical control of a bus, or
(b)  consume  a  drug, controlled substance or an intoxicating liquor,
regardless of its alcoholic content while on duty, or operating,  or  in
physical control of a bus, or
(c)  possess  a  drug, controlled substance or an intoxicating liquor,
regardless of its alcoholic content  while  on  duty,  operating  or  in
physical  control  of  a  bus. However, this paragraph does not apply to
possession of a drug, controlled substance  or  an  intoxicating  liquor
which  is  transported  as  part  of a shipment or personal effects of a
passenger or to alcoholic beverages which are in sealed containers.
2. No motor carrier shall require or permit a driver to:
(a) violate any provision of subdivision one of this section; or
(b) be on  duty  or  operate  a  bus  if,  by  such  person's  general
appearance  or  by  such  person's  conduct  or  by other substantiating
evidence, such person  appears  to  have  consumed  a  drug,  controlled
substance  or  an intoxicating liquor within the preceding six hours, or
eight hours when such driver operates a school bus as defined by section
one hundred forty-two of this chapter.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 19-A - Special Requirements for Bus Drivers › 509-O - Penalties.

§ 509-o. Penalties. Upon conviction for the violation of any provision
  of  this  article the court shall impose a sentence consisting of a fine
  of not less than one hundred dollars nor more  than  two  hundred  fifty
  dollars.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 19-B - Special Requirements for Commercial Motor Carriers › 509-P - Definitions.

§ 509-p. Definitions. As used in this article, the term:
1.   "Commercial   motor  vehicle"  shall  mean  a  motor  vehicle  or
  combination of vehicles having a gross combination weight rating of more
  than ten thousand pounds used in commerce to transport property  and  it
  shall include a tow truck with a gross vehicle weight rating of at least
  eighty-six hundred pounds.
2.  "Gross vehicle weight rating" or "GVWR" shall mean the weight of a
  vehicle consisting of  the  unladen  weight  and  the  maximum  carrying
  capacity  recommended by the manufacturer of such vehicle. The GVWR of a
  combination of vehicles commonly referred to as  the  gross  combination
  weight  rating  or  GCWR  is the GVWR of the power unit plus the GVWR of
  each vehicle in the combination.
3. "Commercial driver" shall mean every person who is self-employed or
  employed by a commercial motor carrier and who drives a commercial motor
  vehicle for hire or profit.
4. "Commercial motor carrier" shall mean any person,  corporation,  or
  entity,  who  directs  one  or  more  commercial  motor vehicles and who
  operates a commercial motor vehicle wholly within or partly  within  and
  partly   without   this  state  in  connection  with  the  operation  or
  administration of any business.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 19-B - Special Requirements for Commercial Motor Carriers › 509-Q - Application for Employment.

§ 509-q. Application  for  employment. A commercial driver not subject
  to the provisions of article  nineteen-A  of  this  chapter  or  to  the
  provisions  of section fourteen-f of the transportation law and hired on
  and after the effective  date  of  this  article  shall  not  operate  a
  commercial motor vehicle unless such driver has furnished the commercial
  motor  carrier  that employs the driver with a completed application for
  employment. Every commercial motor carrier shall prepare an  application
  for  employment  which  shall  comply  with rules and regulations of the
  commissioner of transportation.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 19-B - Special Requirements for Commercial Motor Carriers › 509-R - Investigations and Inquiries.

§ 509-r. Investigations  and inquiries. Every commercial motor carrier
  shall make an investigation and inquiry of  each  commercial  driver  it
  hires on and after the effective date of this article in accordance with
  rules and regulations of the commissioner of transportation.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 19-B - Special Requirements for Commercial Motor Carriers › 509-S - Annual Review of Driving Record.

§ 509-s. Annual  review  of  driving  record.  Each  commercial  motor
  carrier shall, at least once every twelve  months,  review  the  driving
  record  of  each  commercial driver it employs to determine whether such
  driver  meets  minimum  requirements  for  safe  driving  or  is  to  be
  disqualified to drive a commercial motor vehicle in accordance with this
  chapter   or   with   rules  and  regulations  of  the  commissioner  of
  transportation.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 19-B - Special Requirements for Commercial Motor Carriers › 509-T - Record of Violations.

§ 509-t. Record of violations. Each commercial motor carrier shall, at
  least  every twelve months, require each commercial driver it employs to
  prepare and furnish it with a record of all violations of motor  vehicle
  traffic  laws  and  ordinances  (other  than  violations  involving only
  parking) of which such driver has been convicted or on account of  which
  the  commercial  driver  has  forfeited  bond  or  collateral during the
  preceding twelve months in accordance with rules and regulations of  the
  commissioner of transportation.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 19-B - Special Requirements for Commercial Motor Carriers › 509-U - Commercial Driver Qualification Files.

§ 509-u. Commercial  driver qualification files. Each commercial motor
  carrier shall maintain a commercial driver qualification file  for  each
  commercial driver it employs in accordance with rules and regulations of
  the  commissioner of transportation; provided, however, that such a file
  need not include a medical examiner certificate of a commercial driver's
  physical qualification to drive a commercial motor vehicle.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 19-B - Special Requirements for Commercial Motor Carriers › 509-V - Investigation of Motor Carrier Files.

§ 509-v. Investigation  of  motor  carrier files. The commissioner and
  the commissioner of transportation shall have the authority  to  examine
  or  investigate  the  operation  of  commercial motor carriers and their
  compliance with rules  and  regulations  promulgated  pursuant  to  this
  article and article six of the transportation law.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 19-B - Special Requirements for Commercial Motor Carriers › 509-W - Penalties.

§ 509-w. Penalties.  Upon  conviction for a violation of any provision
  of this article or the rules and  regulations  of  the  commissioner  of
  transportation  promulgated  pursuant  thereto, the court shall impose a
  sentence consisting of a fine of not less than two hundred fifty dollars
  nor more than one thousand dollars.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 19-B - Special Requirements for Commercial Motor Carriers › 509-X - Exemptions.

§ 509-x. Exemptions. The commissioner of transportation shall have the
  authority,   pursuant  to  rules  and  regulations,  to  exempt  certain
  commercial motor carriers or commercial drivers from the  provisions  of
  this article in accordance with federal rules and regulations.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 19-B - Special Requirements for Commercial Motor Carriers › 509-Y - Rules and Regulations.

§ 509-y. Rules and regulations. The commissioner of transportation, in
  consultation  with the commissioner, is hereby authorized to adopt rules
  and regulations to implement the provisions of this article which  shall
  be  no  less  protective of public safety than the rules and regulations
  promulgated by the federal government with respect to the qualifications
  and disqualifications of drivers.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 19-B - Special Requirements for Commercial Motor Carriers › 509-Z - Motor Carrier Information.

§    509-z.   Motor   carrier   information.   The   commissioner   of
  transportation, in consultation with the commissioner,  shall  establish
  requirements for any person or entity that owns and operates one or more
  altered  motor  vehicles,  commonly referred to as "stretch limousines",
  for purposes of establishing  conspicuous  display  of  valid  operating
  authority,   inspection   information,   and  driver  qualifications  at
  locations where such persons or  entities  perform  contract  or  common
  carrier  services  with  altered  motor  vehicles and within any altered
  motor vehicle used to provide such services.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 20 - Suspension and Revocation › 510-AA - Downgrade of Commercial Driver's Licenses.

§  510-aa.  Downgrade  of  commercial  driver's licenses. A commercial
  driver's license  shall  be  downgraded  to  a  non-commercial  driver's
  license  by  the  commissioner within sixty days of the holder's medical
  certification status becoming "not-certified" based upon the  expiration
  of  the holder's medical certification or medical variance documentation
  required by the federal motor carrier safety improvement act of 1999 and
  Part 383.71(h) of title 49 of the code of federal regulations,  or  upon
  the  holder's  failure  to  submit such medical certification or medical
  variance documentation at such intervals  as  required  by  the  federal
  motor carrier safety improvement act of 1999 and Part 383.71(h) of title
  49  of the code of federal regulations and in a manner prescribed by the
  commissioner. A commercial driver's license shall also be downgraded  to
  a  non-commercial driver's license by the commissioner within sixty days
  of the holder's medical certification  status  becoming  "not-certified"
  based  upon  receipt of information from the issuing medical examiner or
  the  federal  motor  carrier  safety  administration  that   a   medical
  certification or medical variance was issued in error or rescinded. Such
  downgrade  shall  be  terminated,  and  the  commercial driver's license
  restored, upon: (1)  the  holder's  submission  of  the  required  valid
  medical examiner's certificate or medical variance documentation; or (2)
  the  holder's self-certification specifying the type of commercial motor
  vehicle operation he or she engages, or expects to engage in,  and  that
  the  holder  is  therefore  not  subject  to  the physical qualification
  requirements of the federal motor carrier safety improvement act of 1999
  and Part 383.71(h) of title 49 of the code of federal  regulations.  The
  commissioner  shall,  upon  a  holder's status becoming "not-certified",
  notify the holder of such commercial driver's  license  by  first  class
  mail to the address of such person on file with the department or at the
  current  address  provided by the United States postal service of his or
  her "not-certified" medical certification status and  that  his  or  her
  commercial  driver's  license  will  be  downgraded  to a non-commercial
  driver's license unless he or she submits a current medical  certificate
  and/or medical variance in accordance with Part 383.71(h) of title 49 of
  the code of federal regulations or changes his or her self-certification
  to  driving  only  in excepted or intrastate commerce in accordance with
  Part 383.71(b)(ii)(B), (C) or (D) of title 49 of  the  code  of  federal
  regulations.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 5 - Drivers' Licenses › Article 20 - Suspension and Revocation › 510-B - Suspension and Revocation for Violations Committed During Probationary Periods.

§  510-b.  Suspension  and  revocation for violations committed during
  probationary periods.  1. A license, other than a class DJ or  class  MJ
  license,  shall  be  suspended, for a period of sixty days, (i) upon the
  first conviction of the licensee of a violation,  committed  during  the
  probationary  period  provided  for  in subdivision four of section five
  hundred one of this title, of any provision of  section  eleven  hundred
  twenty-nine  of  this  chapter,  section  eleven  hundred eighty of this
  chapter or any ordinance or  regulation  limiting  the  speed  of  motor
  vehicles  and  motorcycles,  section  eleven  hundred eighty-two of this
  chapter, subdivision one of section eleven hundred  ninety-two  of  this
  chapter  or  section twelve hundred twelve of this chapter; or (ii) upon
  the second conviction of the licensee of a violation,  committed  during
  the  aforesaid  probationary  period,  of  any  other  provision of this
  chapter or of any  other  law,  ordinance,  order,  rule  or  regulation
  relating to traffic.
2.  A  license,  other than a class DJ or class MJ license, considered
  probationary pursuant to subdivision three  of  this  section  shall  be
  revoked upon the conviction of the licensee of a violation or violations
  committed  within  six  months  following the restoration or issuance of
  such license, which  conviction  or  convictions  would  result  in  the
  suspension of a probationary license pursuant to subdivision one of this
  section  or  subparagraph  (xvi)  of  paragraph  b of subdivision two of
  section five hundred ten of this article.
3. Any license, other than a class DJ or class MJ  license,  which  is
  restored  or  issued  to  a  person  who  has had his last valid license
  suspended or revoked pursuant to the provisions of this section  or  the
  provisions of subparagraph (xii) of paragraph a or subparagraph (xvi) of
  paragraph  b  of  subdivision  two  of  section five hundred ten of this
  article shall be considered probationary until  the  expiration  of  six
  months following the date of restoration or issuance thereof.
4.  The provisions of subdivisions one, five, six and seven of section
  five hundred ten of this  chapter  shall  apply  to  any  suspension  or
  revocation  under  this section. However, the provisions of this section
  shall not operate to prevent a mandatory revocation or suspension for  a
  greater period of time under subdivision two of section five hundred ten
  of  this chapter or section eleven hundred ninety-three of this chapter;
  nor  shall  the  provisions  of  this  section  prevent  revocation   or
  suspension  under subdivisions two and three of section five hundred ten
  based upon two or more violations, including the  same  violation  which
  was the basis for suspension or revocation under this section.