reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:46-1 - Definitions

2A:46-1. Definitions
As used in this chapter, unless the context or subject matter requires otherwise:
(a) "Liquidation proceeding" includes all assignments for the benefit of creditors, whether voluntary or by operation of law; administration of insolvent decedents' estates; liquidations of insolvent banks; equity receiverships where the subject under receivership is insolvent; and any other proceedings for distribution of assets of any insolvent debtor, whether a person, decedent's estate, partnership, corporation or business association.
(b) "Liquidator" means any person administering assets in any liquidation proceeding as defined in this chapter.
(c) "Insolvent debtor" means any insolvent person, decedent's estate, partnership, corporation or business association involved in a liquidation proceeding as defined in this chapter.
(d) "Secured creditor" means a creditor who has either legal or equitable security for his debt upon any property of the insolvent debtor of a nature to be liquidated and distributed in a liquidation proceeding, or a creditor to whom is owed a debt for which such security is possessed by some indorser, surety, or other person secondarily liable.
(e) "Creditor's sale" includes any sale effected by the secured creditor by judicial process or otherwise under the terms of his contract or the applicable law for the purpose of realizing upon his security.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:46-2 - Secured creditor's claim must disclose security

2A:46-2. Secured creditor's claim must disclose security
In a liquidation proceeding every secured creditor's claim against the general assets shall disclose the nature of the security. When a decedent's estate already in the course of administration is judicially declared as likely to be insolvent or when in an equity receivership it is determined that the subject under receivership is insolvent, secured creditors having claims on file which do not comply with this section shall make disclosure within a time to be fixed by the court.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:46-3 - Effect of concealment

2A:46-3. Effect of concealment
Any secured creditor who with intent to evade the provisions of this chapter fails to disclose the existence of the security shall not be entitled to receive or retain dividends out of the general assets, unless he thereafter releases or surrenders to the liquidator the security which he has failed to disclose, or unless he procures such release or surrender if the security is in the possession of an indorser, surety, or other person secondarily liable for the insolvent debtor.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:46-4 - Value of security credited upon claims

2A:46-4. Value of security credited upon claims
Dividends paid to secured creditors shall be computed only upon the balance due after the value of all security not exempt from the claims of unsecured creditors and not released or surrendered to the liquidator, is determined and credited upon the claim secured by it.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:46-5 - Determination of value by secured creditor

2A:46-5. Determination of value by secured creditor
(1) By collection. When the asset constituting the security is an obligation for the payment of money, the secured creditor may determine its value by collection or by exhausting his remedies thereon and then surrendering the obligation to the liquidator.
(2) By creditor's sale. When the asset constituting the security is something other than an obligation for the payment of money, the secured creditor may determine its value by creditor's sale.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:46-6 - Alternative determinations of value

2A:46-6. Alternative determinations of value
Where valuation under the provisions of section 2A:46-5 is impracticable or would cause undue delay, the court, upon application by either the secured creditor or the liquidator, may order the value of the security determined by any of the following methods:
(1) By compromise, if the secured creditor and the liquidator agree upon a value. The liquidator may redeem such assets by payment of the agreed value, if authorized by the court.
(2) By litigation, through proceedings in the liquidation proceeding. The liquidator may redeem such assets by paying the value so determined, if authorized by the court.
(3) By liquidator's sale of the assets which, when completed and approved by the court, shall pass to the purchaser good title, free and clear of all liens of the secured creditor, such liens to be transferred to the proceeds of the sale. The order of sale may be either.
(a) Conditional, requiring the sale to be made by the liquidator only if the secured creditor does not complete a determination by collection or creditor's sale as set forth in said section within a time fixed by the court; or
(b) Absolute, requiring the sale to be made by the liquidator within a time fixed by the court.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:46-7 - Exempt security not credited

2A:46-7. Exempt security not credited
When any creditor has legal or equitable security upon assets which are exempt from process for the satisfaction of unsecured debts and are duly claimed as exempt by the insolvent debtor, the value of such security shall not be credited upon the claim. Amounts realized by the creditor from such security after liquidation proceedings are begun shall be disregarded in computing dividends, unless the dividend so computed exceeds the sum actually owing upon the claim, in which event only the amount owing shall be paid.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:47-1 - Establishment by judgment; summary action

2A:47-1. Establishment by judgment; summary action
The existence of any lost or destroyed deed or other instrument relating to title or real or personal property may be established by judgment in the superior court in an action brought in a summary manner or otherwise.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:47-2 - Survey of real estate

2A:47-2. Survey of real estate
In any such action relating to real property, the court may require the plaintiff to cause to be prepared and presented to the court, a survey of the premises involved sufficient to identify and locate the premises.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:47-3 - Record of judgment; operation and effect

2A:47-3. Record of judgment; operation and effect
A certified copy of any judgment establishing the existence of an instrument relating to real property shall be recorded in the office of the county clerk or register of deeds, as the case may be, of the county wherein the real property is situate. Such record shall, from and after the date thereof, be notice, and a certified copy of such record shall be received in evidence as fully as the original deed or instrument would be if produced or proven.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:47A-1 - False complaints of unprofessional conduct; liability for damages

2A:47A-1. False complaints of unprofessional conduct; liability for damages
Any person who falsely and maliciously and without probable cause makes a complaint, orally or in writing, of unprofessional conduct against a member of any profession requiring a license or other authority to practice such profession, to any court or to any ethics and grievance committee, or to any board or other public body authorized to and having the right to hear such complaint and to act thereon or to recommend action thereon and to take or recommend the taking of disciplinary action against the person complained of, such as disbarment or suspension in the case of an attorney-at-law, or the revocation or suspension of a license of other professional persons, shall be liable for any and all damages suffered and sustained by the member of a profession so complained of, to be recovered in a civil action in the nature of an action at law for malicious prosecution. In any such action, exemplary or punitive damages may be awarded.
L.1956, c. 122, p. 516, s. 1, eff. July 2, 1956.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:47A-2 - False complaints of unprofessional conduct; limitation of actions

2A:47A-2. False complaints of unprofessional conduct; limitation of actions
Every such action shall be deemed to be for an injury to the person caused by the wrongful act of the person causing such injury and shall be commenced within 2 years next after the cause of any such action shall have accrued.
L.1956, c. 122, p. 516, s. 2.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:48-1 - Liability of municipality or county; amount recoverable; persons covered by insurance

2A:48-1. Liability of municipality or county; amount recoverable; persons covered by insurance
When, by reason of a mob or riot, any property, real or personal, is destroyed or injured, the municipality if it has a paid police force, in which the mob congregates or riot occurs, or, if not in such a municipality, the county in which such property is or was situate, shall be liable to the person whose property was so destroyed or injured for the damages sustained thereby, recoverable in an action by or in behalf of such person, in an amount not to exceed $10,000.00 for the aggregate of damage done to all such property, both real and personal, at each separate location within a municipality; provided, however, that no person, and no subrogee of such person, having insurance coverage in whole or in part for the said destruction or injury, shall have a cause of action against such municipality or county at common law or pursuant to the provisions of this act. For the purpose of this section, insurance coverage means insurance obtained through any source whatsoever, including insurance purchased through any insurance pool, placement facility, plan of operation, or any other plan established pursuant to Federal or State law.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344; amended by L.1968, c. 386, s. 1, eff. Jan. 2, 1969.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:48-2 - Limitation of action against municipality or county.

2A:48-2 Limitation of action against municipality or county.
2A:48-2. No action under this article shall be instituted unless commenced within three months after the loss of or injury to the property. If any person entitled to such an action is, at the time the action accrues, under the age of 18 or a person who has a mental disability that prevents the person from understanding his legal rights or commencing a legal action, the person may commence the action within three years after reaching majority or having the mental capacity to pursue the person's lawful rights.
amended 2013, c.103, s.7.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:48-3 - Negligence of party suing; notice of threats

2A:48-3. Negligence of party suing; notice of threats
If it appears at the trial that the destruction of or injury to the property was occasioned or in any manner aided, sanctioned or permitted by the negligence of the claimant, there shall be no recovery. Nor shall a recovery be had unless the claimant used all reasonable diligence to prevent the destruction or injury and shall have, immediately after being apprized of a threat or attempt to destroy or injure his property by a mob or riot, notified the mayor or chief executive officer or chief of police of the municipality or the sheriff of the county, as the case may be, of the facts brought to his knowledge.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:48-4 - Protection of property; expenses

2A:48-4. Protection of property; expenses
2A:48-4. The mayor or officer or sheriff shall, upon receiving the notice, take all legal means to protect the property attacked or threatened. The expenses incurred by any of such officers in the performance of any duty hereby imposed shall be paid by the county treasurer of the county in which the property is situate, upon the approval thereof by a judge of the Superior Court of such county.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344; amended 1991,c.91,s.105.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:48-5 - Action against persons participating in mob or riot

2A:48-5. Action against persons participating in mob or riot
Nothing in this article shall be construed to prevent a person whose property has been destroyed or injured by a mob or riot from maintaining an action against each and every person engaged or in any manner participating in the mob or riot.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:48-6 - Compromise by municipality or county with owner

2A:48-6. Compromise by municipality or county with owner
A municipality by its governing body, or a county, by its board of chosen freeholders, may, when liable to an action under this article, agree in writing with the owner of the property destroyed or injured upon a sum to be paid to him, without action, which sum shall be paid as claims of a general nature against the municipality or county are paid.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:48-7 - Recovery over by municipality or county from persons participating in mob or riot

2A:48-7. Recovery over by municipality or county from persons participating in mob or riot
A municipality or county, having paid damages for the destruction of or injury to property under this article, either upon a judgment therefor or as a settlement, may recover the full value of the property destroyed or injured by action against any or all persons engaged or in any manner participating in the mob or riot and the amount of judgment or settlement shall be prima facie evidence of the value of the property destroyed or injured.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:48-8 - Liability of municipality or county in damages; amount

2A:48-8. Liability of municipality or county in damages; amount
Any person who, by reason of the action of a collection of individuals--five or more in number--assembled for the unlawful purpose of offering violence to the person or property of any one supposed to have been guilty of the violation of a law, or for the purpose of exercising correctional powers or regulative powers over any person, by violence and without lawful authority, suffers material damage to his property or injury to his person, shall be entitled to recover his damages in an action brought for such purpose against the municipality in which such damage is suffered or injury inflicted, if the municipality has a paid police force, or, if not in such municipality, then, against the county in which such damage is suffered or injury inflicted, but not in excess of $5,000. Where the provisions of article 1 of this chapter are also applicable and allow a recovery for the damage to property, the person entitled to such damages may elect to maintain his action for damages to his property under either this article or under article 1 of this chapter, but he may not recover under both articles for the same damages to property.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:48-9 - Liability of municipality or county for death by lynching; amount

2A:48-9. Liability of municipality or county for death by lynching; amount
When any person shall suffer death by lynching at the hands of a mob, his surviving spouse, lineal heirs, or adopted children, who was or were dependent upon him, shall be entitled to recover their damages, but not in excess of $5,000, sustained by reason thereof, in an action against the municipality in which the lynching occurred if the municipality has a paid police force; otherwise, against the county.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49-1 - Action for recovery; jurisdiction; bond for costs

2A:49-1. Action for recovery; jurisdiction; bond for costs
If moneys, funds or other property held or owned by any municipality or school district, or held or owned officially or otherwise for or on behalf thereof, have been or shall be, without right, obtained, received, paid, converted or disposed of, action for the recovery thereof or to recover damages or other compensation for such wrongful obtaining, receiving, paying, conversion or disposition, or both, may be maintained in any court of competent jurisdiction thereof, by 10 freeholders of such municipality or district who have paid taxes on real estate in such municipality or school district, within 1 year, in the name of and for and on behalf of such municipality or school district. Before any such action shall be maintained, such freeholders shall file with the clerk of such municipality or school district, a bond to the municipality or school district conditioned for the payment of the costs, if any, assessed against such municipality or school district, in said action, approved as to form and amount by a judge of the court in which such action is brought.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49-3 - Disposition of recovery

2A:49-3. Disposition of recovery
Out of any recovery had in an action under this chapter, the expenses incurred in the action by the freeholders, including payments made or to be made for legal services in an amount to be approved by the court, shall be first deducted and the balance thereupon be paid into the treasury of the municipality or school district in whose behalf the action is brought.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-2 - Definitions

2A:49A-2. Definitions
2. As used in this act:
"Action" means a judicial proceeding or arbitration in which a payment in money may be awarded or enforced with respect to a foreign-money claim.
"Bank-offered spot rate" means the spot rate of exchange at which a bank will sell foreign money at a spot rate.
"Conversion date" means the banking day next preceding the date on which money, in accordance with this act, is:
a. Paid to a claimant in an action or distribution proceeding;
b. Paid to the official designated by law to enforce a judgment or award on behalf of a claimant; or
c. Used to recoup, set-off, or counterclaim in different moneys in an action or distribution proceeding.
"Distribution proceeding" means a judicial or nonjudicial proceeding for the distribution of a fund in which one or more foreign-money claims is asserted and includes an accounting, an assignment for the benefit of creditors, a foreclosure, the liquidation or rehabilitation of a corporation or other entity, and the distribution of an estate, trust, or other fund.
"Foreign money" means money other than money of the United States of America.
"Foreign-money claim" means a claim upon an obligation to pay, or a claim for recovery of a loss, expressed in or measured by a foreign money.
"Money" means a medium of exchange for the payment of obligations or a store of value authorized or adopted by a government or by inter-governmental agreement.
"Money of the claim" means the money determined as proper pursuant to section 5 of this act.
"Person" means an individual, a corporation, government or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, joint venture, partnership, association, two or more persons having a joint or common interest, or any other legal or commercial entity.
"Rate of exchange" means the rate at which money of one country may be converted into money of another country in a free financial market convenient to or reasonably usable by a person obligated to pay or to state a rate of conversion. If separate rates of exchange apply to different kinds of transactions, the term means the rate applicable to the particular transaction giving rise to the foreign-money claim.
"Spot rate" means the rate of exchange at which foreign money is sold by a bank or other dealer in foreign exchange for immediate or next day availability or for settlement by immediate payment in cash or equivalent, by charge to an account, or by an agreed delayed settlement not exceeding two days.
"State" means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or a territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
L.1993,c.317,s.2.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-3 - Applicability of act

2A:49A-3. Applicability of act
3. a. This act applies only to a foreign-money claim in an action or distribution proceeding.
b. This act applies to foreign-money issues even if other law under the conflict of laws rules of this State applies to other issues in the action or distribution proceeding.
L.1993,c.317,s.3.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-4 - Agreements by parties to transaction

2A:49A-4. Agreements by parties to transaction
4. a. The effect of this act may be varied by agreement of the parties made before or after commencement of an action or distribution proceeding or the entry of judgment.
b. Parties to a transaction may agree upon the money to be used in a transaction giving rise to a foreign-money claim and may agree to use different moneys for different aspects of the transaction. Stating the price in a foreign money for one aspect of a transaction does not alone require the use of that money for other aspects of the transaction.
L.1993,c.317,s.4.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-5 - Proper money

2A:49A-5. Proper money
5. a. The money in which the parties to a transaction have agreed that payment is to be made is the proper money of the claim for payment.
b. If the parties to a transaction have not otherwise agreed, the proper money of the claim, as in each case may be appropriate, is the money:
(1) regularly used between the parties as a matter of usage or course of dealing;
(2) used at the time of a transaction in international trade, by trade usage or common practice, for valuing or settling transactions in the particular commodity or service involved; or
(3) in which the loss was ultimately felt or will be incurred by the party claimant.
L.1993,c.317,s.5.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-6 - Determination of amount to be paid

2A:49A-6. Determination of amount to be paid
6. a. If an amount contracted to be paid in a foreign money is measured by a specified amount of a different money, the amount to be paid is determined on the conversion date.
b. If an amount contracted to be paid in a foreign money is to be measured by a different money at the rate of exchange prevailing on a date before default, that rate of exchange applies only to payments made within a reasonable time after default, not exceeding 30 days. Thereafter, conversion is made at the bank-offered spot rate on the conversion date.
c. A monetary claim is neither usurious nor unconscionable because the agreement on which it is based provides that the amount of the debtor's obligation to be paid in the debtor's money, when received by the creditor, must equal a specified amount of the foreign money of the country of the creditor. If, because of unexcused delay in payment of a judgment or award, the amount received by the creditor does not equal the amount of the foreign money specified in the agreement, the court or arbitrator shall amend the judgment or award accordingly.
L.1993,c.317,s.6.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-7 - Claim assertion; opposition; set-off

2A:49A-7. Claim assertion; opposition; set-off
7. a. A person may assert a claim in a specified foreign money. If a foreign-money claim is not asserted, the claimant makes the claim in United States dollars.
b. An opposing party may allege and prove that a claim, in whole or in part, is in a different money than that asserted by the claimant.
c. A person may assert a defense, set-off, recoupment, or counterclaim in any money without regard to the money of other claims.
d. The determination of the proper money of the claim is a question of law.
L.1993,c.317,s.7.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-8 - Judgment, award on foreign-money claim; payment

2A:49A-8. Judgment, award on foreign-money claim; payment
8. a. Except as provided in subsection c. of this section, a judgment or award on a foreign-money claim shall be stated in an amount of the money of the claim.
b. A judgment or award on a foreign-money claim is payable in that foreign money or, at the option of the debtor, in the amount of United States dollars which will purchase that foreign money on the conversion date at a bank-offered spot rate.
c. Assessed costs shall be entered in United States dollars.
d. Each payment in United States dollars shall be accepted and credited on a judgment or award on a foreign-money claim in the amount of the foreign money that could be purchased by the dollars at a bank-offered spot rate of exchange at or near the close of business on the conversion date for that payment.
e. A judgment or award made in an action or distribution proceeding on both (1) a defense, set-off, recoupment, or counterclaim and (2) the adverse party's claim, shall be netted by converting the money of the smaller into the money of the larger, and by subtracting the smaller from the larger, and specify the rates of exchange used.
f. A judgment substantially complies with subsection a. of this section, if it is in the following form: On this day of , 199 , it is ORDERED that judgment be entered in favor of the Plaintiff and against the Defendant in the sum of (insert amount in the foreign money) with interest at the rate of (insert rate - see Section 9 of this act) percent a year from the day of , 199 , or, at the option of the judgment debtor, the number of United States dollars which will purchase the (insert name of foreign money) with interest due, at a bank-offered spot rate at or near the close of business on the banking day next before the day of payment, together with assessed costs of (insert amount) United States dollars.
g. If a contract claim is of the type covered by subsections a. or b. of section 6 of this act, the judgment or award shall be entered for the amount of money stated to measure the obligation to be paid in the money specified for payment or, at the option of the debtor, the number of United States dollars which will purchase the computed amount of the money of payment on the conversion date at a bank-offered spot rate.
h. A judgment shall be entered and indexed in foreign money in the same manner as other judgments, and has the same effect as a lien. It may be discharged by payment.
L.1993,c.317,s.8.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-9 - Governing rate of exchange

2A:49A-9. Governing rate of exchange
9. The rate of exchange prevailing at or near the close of business on the day the distribution proceeding is initiated governs all exchanges of foreign money in a distribution proceeding. A foreign-money claimant in a distribution proceeding shall assert its claim in the named foreign money and show the amount of United States dollars resulting from a conversion as of the date the proceeding was initiated.
L.1993,c.317,s.9.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-10 - Pre-judgment, pre-award interest payable

2A:49A-10. Pre-judgment, pre-award interest payable
10. a. With respect to a foreign-money claim, recovery of pre-judgment or pre-award interest and the rate of interest to be applied in the action or distribution proceeding, except as provided in subsection b. of this section, are matters of the substantive law governing the right to recovery under the conflict of laws rules of this State.
b. The court or arbitrator shall increase or decrease the amount of pre-judgment or pre-award interest otherwise payable in a judgment or award in foreign-money to the extent required by the law of this State governing a failure to make or accept an offer of settlement or offer of judgment, or conduct by a party or its attorney causing undue delay or expense.
c. A judgment or award on a foreign-money claim bears interest at the rate applicable to judgments of this State.
L.1993,c.317,s.10.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-11 - Entering, enforcing foreign judgment

2A:49A-11. Entering, enforcing foreign judgment
11. a. If an action is brought to enforce a judgment of another jurisdiction expressed in a foreign money and the judgment is recognized in this State as enforceable, the enforcing judgment shall be entered as provided in section 8 of this act, whether or not the foreign judgment confers an option to pay in an equivalent amount of United States dollars.
b. A foreign judgment may be docketed in accordance with any rule or statute of this State providing a procedure for its recognition and enforcement.
c. A satisfaction or partial payment made upon the foreign judgment, on proof thereof, shall be credited against the amount of foreign money specified in the judgment, notwithstanding the entry of judgment in this State.
d. A judgment entered on a foreign-money claim only in United States dollars in another state shall be enforced in this State in United States dollars only.
L.1993,c.317,s.11.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-12 - Computations of value of assets, amount of foreign money claimed under legal process.

2A:49A-12. Computations of value of assets, amount of foreign money claimed under legal process.
12. a. Computations under this section are for the limited purposes of the section and do not affect computation of the United States dollar equivalent of the money of the judgment for the purpose of payment.
b. For the limited purpose of facilitating the enforcement of provisional remedies in an action, the value in United States dollars of assets to be seized or restrained pursuant to a writ of attachment, garnishment, execution, or other legal process, the amount of United States dollars at issue for assessing costs, or the amount of United States dollars involved for a surety bond or other court-required undertaking, shall be ascertained as provided in subsections c. and d. of this section.
c. A party seeking process, costs, bond, or other undertaking under subsection b. of this section shall compute in United States dollars the amount of the foreign money claimed from a bank-offered spot rate prevailing at or near the close of business on the banking day next preceding the filing of a request or application for the issuance of process or for the determination of costs, or an application for a bond or other court-required undertaking.
d. A party seeking the process, costs, bond, or other undertaking under subsection b. of this section shall file with each request or application an affidavit or certificate executed in good faith by its counsel or a bank officer, stating the market quotation used and how it was obtained, and setting forth the calculation. Affected court officials incur no liability, after a filing of the affidavit or certificate, for acting as if the judgment were in the amount of United States dollars stated in the affidavit or certificate.
L.1993,c.317,s.12.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-13 - Substitution of new foreign money

2A:49A-13. Substitution of new foreign money
13. a. If, after an obligation is expressed or a loss is incurred in a foreign money, the country issuing or adopting that money substitutes a new money in place of that money, the obligation or the loss is treated as if expressed or incurred in the new money at the rate of conversion the issuing country establishes for the payment of like obligations or losses denominated in the former money.
b. If substitution occurs under subsection a. of this section after a judgment or award is entered on a foreign-money claim, the court or arbitrator shall amend the judgment or award by a like conversion of the former money.
L.1993,c.317,s.13.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-14 - Principles of law supplement provisions of act

2A:49A-14. Principles of law supplement provisions of act
14. Unless displaced by particular provisions of this act, the principles of law and equity, including the law merchant, and the law relative to capacity to contract, principal and agent, estoppel, fraud, misrepresentation, duress, coercion, mistake, bankruptcy, or other validating or invalidating causes supplement its provisions.
L.1993,c.317,s.14.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-15 - Uniform construction of act

2A:49A-15. Uniform construction of act
15. This act shall be applied and construed to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this act among states enacting it.
L.1993,c.317,s.15.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-16.2 - Definitions relative to foreign country money-judgments.

2A:49A-16.2 Definitions relative to foreign country money-judgments.
2. As used in this act:
"Foreign country" means a government other than:
(1) the United States;
(2) a state, district, commonwealth, territory, or insular possession of the United States; or
(3) any other government with regard to which the decision in this State as to whether to recognize a judgment of that government's courts is initially subject to determination under the Full Faith and Credit Clause of the U.S. Const., Art.IV, Sec.1.
"Foreign-country judgment" means a judgment of a court of a foreign country.
L.2017, c.365, s.2.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-16.3 - Applicability.

2A:49A-16.3 Applicability.
3. a. Except as otherwise provided in subsection b. of this section, this act shall apply to a foreign-country judgment to the extent that the judgment:
(1) grants or denies recovery of a sum of money; and
(2) under the law of the foreign country where rendered, is final, conclusive, and enforceable.
b. This act shall not apply to a foreign-country judgment, even if the judgment grants or denies recovery of a sum of money, to the extent that the judgment is:
(1) a judgment for taxes;
(2) a fine or other penalty; or
(3) a judgment for divorce, support, or maintenance, or other judgment rendered in connection with domestic relations.
c. A party seeking recognition of a foreign-country judgment shall have the burden of establishing that this act applies to the foreign-country judgment.
L.2017, c.365, s.3.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-16.4 - Recognition by courts; exceptions.

2A:49A-16.4 Recognition by courts; exceptions.
4. a. Except as otherwise provided in subsections b. and c. of this section, a court of this State shall recognize a foreign-country judgment to which this act applies.
b. A court of this State shall not recognize a foreign-country judgment if:
(1) the judgment was rendered under a judicial system that does not provide impartial tribunals or procedures compatible with the requirements of due process of law, as determined by the court using standards developed by the American Law Institute and the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law to govern resolution of transnational disputes;
(2) the foreign court did not have personal jurisdiction over the defendant; or
(3) the foreign court did not have jurisdiction over the subject matter.
c. A court of this State may determine, in its discretion, not to recognize a foreign-country judgment if:
(1) the defendant in the proceeding in the foreign court did not receive notice of the proceeding in sufficient time to enable the defendant to defend;
(2) the judgment was obtained by fraud that deprived the losing party of an adequate opportunity to present its case;
(3) the judgment or the cause of action on which the judgment is based is repugnant to the public policy of this State or of the United States;
(4) the judgment conflicts with another final and conclusive judgment;
(5) the proceeding in the foreign court was contrary to an agreement between the parties under which the dispute in question was to be determined otherwise than by proceedings in that foreign court;
(6) in the case of jurisdiction based only on personal service, the foreign court was a seriously inconvenient forum for the trial of the action;
(7) the judgment was rendered in circumstances that raise substantial doubt about the integrity of the rendering court with respect to the judgment; or
(8) the specific proceeding in the foreign court leading to the judgment was not compatible with the requirements of due process of law, as determined by the court using standards developed by the American Law Institute and the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law to govern resolution of transnational disputes.
d. A party resisting recognition of a foreign-country judgment shall have the burden of establishing that a ground for nonrecognition stated in subsection b. or c. of this section exists, except that where a foreign-country judgment has been rendered in default of appearance of the defendant, the party seeking recognition shall have the burden of establishing that:
(1) the rendering court had jurisdiction over the defendant in accordance with the law of the country of origin of judgment;
(2) the defendant was served with initiating process in accordance with the law of the country of origin; and
(3) the rendering court had jurisdiction over the defendant on a basis provided pursuant to section 5 of this act.
L.2017, c.365, s.4.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-16.5 - Conditions for non-refusal of recognition.

2A:49A-16.5 Conditions for non-refusal of recognition.
5. a. A foreign-country judgment shall not be refused recognition for lack of personal jurisdiction if:
(1) the defendant was served with process personally in the foreign country;
(2) the defendant, before the commencement of the proceeding, had agreed to submit to the jurisdiction of the foreign court with respect to the subject matter involved;
(3) the defendant was domiciled in the foreign country when the proceeding was instituted or was a corporation or other form of business organization that had its principal place of business in, or was organized under the laws of, the foreign country;
(4) the defendant had a business office in the foreign country and the proceeding in the foreign court involved a cause of action arising out of business done by the defendant through that office in the foreign country; or
(5) the defendant operated a motor vehicle or airplane in the foreign country and the proceeding involved a cause of action arising out of that operation.
b. The list of bases for personal jurisdiction in subsection a. of this section shall not be construed to be exclusive. The courts of this State may recognize bases for personal jurisdiction other than those listed in subsection a. of this section as sufficient to support a foreign-country judgment, as long as the exercise of personal jurisdiction in the foreign country is compatible with the Due Process Clause of the U.S. Const., Amend.V and Amend.XIV.
c. An appearance by the defendant in the country of origin, or an unsuccessful objection to the jurisdiction of the rendering court, shall not deprive the defendant of the right to resist recognition under this section, but factual determinations by the rendering court concerning jurisdiction shall be binding on the defendant.
L.2017, c.365, s.5.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-16.6 - Recognition as original matter, pending matter.

2A:49A-16.6 Recognition as original matter, pending matter.
6. a. If recognition of a foreign-country judgment is sought as an original matter, the issue of recognition shall be raised by filing an action seeking recognition of the foreign-country judgment.
b. If recognition of a foreign-country judgment is sought in a pending action, the issue of recognition may be raised by counterclaim, cross-claim, or affirmative defense.
c. A party against whom a foreign-country judgment is entered may file an action for a declaration that the foreign-country judgment shall not be subject to recognition. For the purposes of this section, a foreign-country judgment shall not be subject to recognition if a ground for nonrecognition stated in subsection b. or c. of section 4 of this act exists. The party bringing an action under this section shall have the burden of establishing a ground for nonrecognition under subsection b. or c. of section 4 of this act.
L.2017, c.365, s.6.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-16.7 - Entitlement to recognition.

2A:49A-16.7 Entitlement to recognition.
7. If the court in a proceeding finds that the foreign-country judgment is entitled to recognition under this act then, to the extent that the foreign-country judgment grants or denies recovery of a sum of money, the foreign-country judgment shall be:
a. conclusive between the parties to the same extent as the judgment of a sister state entitled to full faith and credit in this State would be conclusive; and
b. enforceable in the same manner and to the same extent as a judgment rendered in this State.
L.2017, c.365, s.7.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-16.8 - Appeal.

2A:49A-16.8 Appeal.
8. If a party establishes that an appeal from a foreign-country judgment is pending or will be taken, the court may stay any proceedings with regard to the foreign-country judgment until the appeal is concluded, the time for appeal expires, or the appellant has had sufficient time to prosecute the appeal and has failed to do so.
L.2017, c.365, s.8.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-16.9 - Commencement of action.

2A:49A-16.9 Commencement of action.
9. An action to recognize a foreign-country judgment shall not be commenced before the foreign-country judgment becomes effective in the foreign country, or after 15 years from the date that the foreign-country judgment became effective in the foreign country.
L.2017, c.365, s.9.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-16.10 - Application, construction.

2A:49A-16.10 Application, construction.
10. In applying and construing this uniform act, consideration shall be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact it.
L.2017, c.365, s.10.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-16.11 - Recognition of judgment outside of scope of act.

2A:49A-16.11 Recognition of judgment outside of scope of act.
11. This act shall not prevent the recognition under principles of comity or otherwise of a foreign-country judgment not within the scope of this act.
L.2017, c.365, s.11.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-26 - "Foreign judgment" defined

2A:49A-26 "Foreign judgment" defined
2. In this act "foreign judgment" means any judgment, decree, or order of a court of the United States or of any other court which is entitled to full faith and credit in this State.
L.1997,c.204,s.2.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-27 - Filing of copy of foreign judgment

2A:49A-27 Filing of copy of foreign judgment
3. A copy of any foreign judgment authenticated in accordance with an act of Congress or the statutes of this State may be filed in the office of the Clerk of the Superior Court of this State. The clerk shall treat the foreign judgment in the same manner as a judgment of the Superior Court of this State. A judgment so filed has the same effect and is subject to the same procedures, defenses and proceedings for reopening, vacating, or staying as a judgment of a Superior Court of this State and may be enforced in the same manner.
L.1997,c.204,s.3.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:49A-28 - Filing of affidavit; mailing of notice to judgment debtor

2A:49A-28 Filing of affidavit; mailing of notice to judgment debtor
4. a. At the time of the filing of the foreign judgment, the judgment creditor or his lawyer shall make and file with the Clerk of the Superior Court an affidavit setting forth the name and last known post office address of the judgment debtor, and the judgment creditor. The affidavit shall further set forth whether the time to appeal the foreign judgment has expired and whether the court of origin has granted a stay of execution. In addition, in the case of a judgment entered by default, the affidavit shall so state and shall set forth the expiration date under the rules of the court of origin for vacating the default.
b. Promptly upon the filing of the foreign judgment and the affidavit, the clerk shall mail notice of the filing of the foreign judgment to the judgment debtor at the address given and shall make a note of the mailing in the docket. The notice shall include the name and post office address of the judgment creditor and the judgment creditor's lawyer, if any, in this State. In addition, the judgment creditor may mail a notice of the filing of the judgment to the judgment debtor and may file proof of mailing with the clerk. Lack of mailing notice of filing by the clerk shall not affect the enforcement proceedings if proof of mailing by the judgment creditor has been filed.
c. No execution or other process for enforcement of a foreign judgment filed under this act shall issue until 14 days after the date the judgment is filed.
L.1997,c.204,s.4.