reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 17 - Revival or Extension; Waiver of Defense or Bar › Title 1 - Obligations Barred by Statutes of Limitation › 17-101 - Acknowledgment or New Promise Must Be in Writing.

§ 17-101. Acknowledgment  or  new  promise  must  be  in  writing.  An
  acknowledgment or promise contained in a writing signed by the party  to
  be charged thereby is the only competent evidence of a new or continuing
  contract  whereby  to  take  an  action  out  of  the  operation  of the
  provisions of limitations of time for commencing actions under the civil
  practice law and rules other than an action for  the  recovery  of  real
  property.  This  section  does  not  alter  the  effect  of a payment of
  principal or interest.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 17 - Revival or Extension; Waiver of Defense or Bar › Title 1 - Obligations Barred by Statutes of Limitation › 17-103 - Agreements Waiving the Statute of Limitation.

§ 17-103. Agreements  waiving  the statute of limitation. 1. A promise
  to waive,  to  extend,  or  not  to  plead  the  statute  of  limitation
  applicable  to an action arising out of a contract express or implied in
  fact or in law, if made after the accrual of the  cause  of  action  and
  made,  either  with or without consideration, in a writing signed by the
  promisor or his agent is effective, according to its terms,  to  prevent
  interposition  of  the defense of the statute of limitation in an action
  or proceeding commenced within the time that would be applicable if  the
  cause  of  action  had arisen at the date of the promise, or within such
  shorter time as may be provided in the promise.
2. A promise to waive, to extend, or  not  to  plead  the  statute  of
  limitation  may be enforced as provided in this section by the person to
  whom the promise is made or for whose benefit it is expressed to be made
  or by any person who, after the making of the promise,  succeeds  or  is
  subrogated to the interest of either of them.
3.  A  promise  to  waive,  to  extend, or not to plead the statute of
  limitation has no effect to extend  the  time  limited  by  statute  for
  commencement  of  an action or proceeding for any greater time or in any
  other manner than that provided in  this  section,  or  unless  made  as
  provided in this section.
4. This section
a.  does not change the requirements or the effect with respect to the
  statute of limitation, of an acknowledgment or  promise  to  pay,  or  a
  payment  or part payment of principal or interest, or a stipulation made
  in an action or proceeding;
b. does not affect the power of the court to find that  by  reason  of
  conduct  of  the  party to be charged it is inequitable to permit him to
  interpose the defense of the statute of limitation; and
c. does not apply in any respect to a cause of action to  foreclose  a
  mortgage  of real property or a mortgage of a lease of real property, or
  to a cause of action to recover a judgment affecting the title to or the
  possession, use or enjoyment of real property, or a  promise  or  waiver
  with respect to any statute of limitation applicable thereto.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 17 - Revival or Extension; Waiver of Defense or Bar › Title 1 - Obligations Barred by Statutes of Limitation › 17-107 - Effect of Part Payment on Time Limited for Foreclosure of a Mortgage.

§ 17-107. Effect  of part payment on time limited for foreclosure of a
  mortgage. 1. A  payment  on  account  of  a  mortgage  indebtedness,  or
  instalment  thereof or interest thereon, which is effective to revive an
  action to recover such indebtedness, instalment or interest or to extend
  the time limited for such action, is  also  effective,  between  persons
  described  in  subdivision two of this section, to make the time limited
  for commencement of an action to foreclose the  mortgage  run  from  the
  date of payment, unless the payment is accompanied by written disclaimer
  of intention to affect the time limited for foreclosure of the mortgage.
2.  A  payment on account of the indebtedness secured by a mortgage of
  real property as defined in section 17-105, or a mortgage of a lease  of
  real  property,  or  on  account  of  an  instalment thereof or interest
  thereon, is effective as provided in this section:
a. as against (1) the person  who  made  it,  to  the  extent  of  any
  interest   held  by  him  at  the  date  thereof,  and  (2)  any  person
  subsequently acquiring from him any such interest, without giving  value
  or with actual notice of the making of the payment, to the extent of the
  interest so acquired; and
b.  in  favor of (1) the mortgagee or his assignee, and (2) any person
  who, after the date of the payment, succeeds or  is  subrogated  to  the
  interest  of  either  of  them  in the mortgage or otherwise acquires an
  interest in the enforcement of the mortgage.
If the payment is made before expiration of the time limited  for  the
  commencement  of the action, it is also effective against any subsequent
  purchaser of the interest of the person who made  the  payment,  to  the
  extent  of  the interest that the person who made the payment had at the
  time thereof.
3. No payment described in subdivision one of  this  section  has  any
  greater  effect, with respect to the time limited for foreclosure of the
  mortgage, than that provided in this section.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 18 - Safety in Skiing Code › 18-101 - Legislative Purpose.

§ 18-101. Legislative  purpose.  The  legislature  hereby  finds  that
  alpine or downhill skiing is both a major recreational sport and a major
  industry within the state of New York. The  legislature  further  finds:
  (1)  that  downhill  skiing,  like  many other sports, contains inherent
  risks including, but not limited to, the risks  of  personal  injury  or
  death  or  property damage, which may be caused by variations in terrain
  or weather conditions; surface or subsurface snow, ice,  bare  spots  or
  areas  of  thin  cover,  moguls,  ruts,  bumps;  other persons using the
  facilities; and rocks, forest growth, debris,  branches,  trees,  roots,
  stumps  or other natural objects or man-made objects that are incidental
  to the provision or maintenance of a ski facility in New York state; (2)
  that downhill skiing, without established rules of conduct and care, may
  result in injuries to persons and property; (3) that it is  appropriate,
  as  well  as in the public interest, to take such steps as are necessary
  to help reduce the  risk  of  injury  to  downhill  skiers  from  undue,
  unnecessary  and unreasonable hazards; and (4) that it is also necessary
  and appropriate that skiers become  apprised  of,  and  understand,  the
  risks  inherent in the sport of skiing so that they may make an informed
  decision of whether or not to participate in skiing notwithstanding  the
  risks.    Therefore,  the  purpose  and  intent  of  this  article is to
  establish a code of conduct for downhill skiers and ski  area  operators
  to  minimize  the  risk  of  injury  to  persons engaged in the sport of
  downhill skiing and to promote safety in the downhill ski industry.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 18 - Safety in Skiing Code › 18-102 - Definitions.

§ 18-102. Definitions.  The  following  words and phrases when used in
  this article shall have, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise,
  the meanings given to them in this section:
1. "Lift ticket" means any item issued by a ski area operator  to  any
  skier  that  is intended to be affixed to the outerwear of the skier, or
  otherwise displayed by a skier, to signify lawful entry upon and use  of
  the  passenger  tramways  or  ski slopes or trails maintained by the ski
  area operator.
2. "Passenger tramway" means a mechanical device intended to transport
  skiers for the purpose of providing access to ski slopes and  trails  as
  defined  by  the  commissioner  of labor pursuant to section two hundred
  two-c or eight hundred sixty-seven of the labor law.
3. "Passenger" means a person in or  on  or  being  transported  by  a
  tramway.
4.  "Ski area" means all ski slopes, ski trails and passenger tramways
  administered as a single enterprise within this state.
5. "Ski area operator" means a person, firm or  corporation,  and  its
  agents    and   employees,   having   operational   and   administrative
  responsibility for any ski area, including any agency of the state,  any
  political  subdivision  thereof,  and  any  other governmental agency or
  instrumentality.
6. "Skier" means any person wearing a  ski  or  skis  and  any  person
  actually  on a ski slope or trail located at a ski area, for the purpose
  of skiing.
7. "Ski slopes and trails" mean those areas designated by the ski area
  operator for skiing.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 18 - Safety in Skiing Code › 18-104 - Duties of Passengers.

§ 18-104. Duties   of   passengers.  All  passengers  shall  have  the
  following duties:
1. To familiarize themselves with the safe use of any tramway prior to
  its use;
2. To remain in the tramway if the operation of a  passenger  tramway,
  as  defined  pursuant  to section two hundred two-c of the labor law, is
  interrupted for any reason, until instructions or aid  are  provided  by
  the ski area operator;
3.  To  board  or  disembark from passenger tramways only at points or
  areas designated by the ski area operator;
4. Not to eject any objects or material from a passenger tramway;
5. To use restraint devices in accordance with posted instructions;
6. To wear retention straps or other devices to prevent runaway skis;
7. Not to interfere with the operation of a passenger tramway;
8. Not to place or caused to be  placed  on  the  uphill  track  of  a
  surface  lift  any object which may interfere with its normal operation;
  and
9. Not to wear loose scarves, clothing or accessories or  expose  long
  hair which may become entangled with any part of the device.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 18 - Safety in Skiing Code › 18-105 - Duties of Skiers.

§ 18-105. Duties  of  skiers.  All  skiers  shall  have  the following
  duties:
1. Not to ski in any area not designated for skiing;
2. Not to ski beyond their limits or ability to overcome variations in
  slope, trail configuration and surface or  subsurface  conditions  which
  may  be caused or altered by weather, slope or trail maintenance work by
  the ski area operator, or skier use;
3. To abide by the directions of the ski area operator;
4. To remain in constant control of speed  and  course  at  all  times
  while  skiing  so  as  to  avoid contact with plainly visible or clearly
  marked obstacles  and  with  other  skiers  and  passengers  on  surface
  operating tramways;
5. To familiarize themselves with posted information before skiing any
  slope or trail, including all information posted pursuant to subdivision
  five of section 18-103 of this article;
6. Not to cross the uphill track of any surface lift, except at points
  clearly designated by the ski area operator;
7.  Not  to  ski  on a slope or trail or portion thereof that has been
  designated as "closed" by the ski area operator;
8. Not to leave the scene of any accident resulting in personal injury
  to another party until such times as  the  ski  area  operator  arrives,
  except for the purpose of summoning aid;
9.  Not to overtake another skier in such a manner as to cause contact
  with the skier being overtaken and to  yield  the  right-of-way  to  the
  skier being overtaken;
10. Not to willfully stop on any slope or trail where such stopping is
  likely to cause a collision with other skiers or vehicles;
11.  To  yield  to  other  skiers  when  entering  a trail or starting
  downhill;
12. To wear retention straps or other devices to prevent runaway skis;
13. To report any personal injury to  the  ski  area  operator  before
  leaving the ski area; and
14.  Not  to  willfully  remove,  deface,  alter  or  otherwise damage
  signage, warning devices or implements, or other safety  devices  placed
  and  maintained by the ski area operator pursuant to the requirements of
  section 18-103 of this article.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 18 - Safety in Skiing Code › 18-106 - Duties of Skiers and Ski Area Operators With Respect to Inherent Risks.

§ 18-106. Duties  of  skiers  and  ski  area operators with respect to
  inherent risks. It is recognized that skiing  is  a  voluntary  activity
  that  may  be  hazardous regardless of all feasible safety measures that
  can be undertaken by ski area operators. Accordingly:
1. Ski area operators shall have the following additional duties:
a. To post at every point of sale or  distribution  of  lift  tickets,
  whether  on  or off the premises of the ski area operator, a conspicuous
  "Warning to  Skiers"  relative  to  the  inherent  risks  of  skiing  in
  accordance  with  regulations  promulgated  by the commissioner of labor
  pursuant to subdivision four of section eight hundred sixty-seven of the
  labor law, and to imprint upon all lift  tickets  sold  or  distributed,
  such  text  and  graphics  as  the commissioner of labor shall similarly
  specify, which shall conspicuously direct the attention of all skiers to
  the required "Warning to Skiers";
b. To post at every point of sale or distribution of lift tickets at a
  ski area notice to skiers and passengers that  this  article  prescribes
  certain  duties  for  skiers,  passengers and ski area operators, and to
  make copies of this article in its  entirety  available  without  charge
  upon  request  to skiers and passengers in a central location at the ski
  area;
c. To make available at reasonable fees, as  required  by  subdivision
  thirteen  of  section  18-103 of this article, instruction and education
  for skiers relative to the risks inherent in the sport  and  the  duties
  prescribed  for skiers by this article, and to conspicuously post notice
  of the  times  and  places  of  availability  of  such  instruction  and
  education in locations where it is likely to be seen by skiers; and
d.  To post notice to skiers of the right to a refund to the purchaser
  in the form and amount paid in the  initial  sale  of  any  lift  ticket
  returned  to  the ski area operator, intact and unused, upon declaration
  by such purchaser that he or she is unprepared or unwilling to  ski  due
  to the risks inherent in the sport or the duties imposed upon him or her
  by this article.
2. Skiers shall have the following additional duties to enable them to
  make informed decisions as to the advisability of their participation in
  the sport:
a.  To  seek out, read, review and understand, in advance of skiing, a
  "Warning to Skiers" as shall be defined pursuant to subdivision five  of
  section  eight  hundred  sixty-seven  of  the  labor law, which shall be
  displayed and provided pursuant to paragraph a  of  subdivision  one  of
  this section; and
b.  To  obtain such education in the sport of skiing as the individual
  skier shall deem appropriate to his or her level of  ability,  including
  the  familiarization with skills and duties necessary to reduce the risk
  of injury in such sport.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 18 - Safety in Skiing Code › 18-108 - Severability.

§ 18-108. Severability.  If  any  provision  of  this  article  or the
  application thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, such
  invalidity shall not affect other provisions  or  applications  of  this
  article  that  can  be  given  effect  without  the invalid provision or
  application, and to this end the provisions of this article are declared
  to be severable.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 18-A - Specifications of Liability for Employers and Employees › 18-201 - Specifications of Liability for Employers and Employees.

§ 18-201.  Specifications of liability for employers and employees. 1.
As used in this section:
(a)   "Person" means any individual, firm, company, partnership, joint
venture, joint-stock association,  corporation,  association,  trust  or
other legal entity.
(b)    The words "employer", "employee", "employment", "compensation",
"injury" and "death" shall have the same meaning as set forth in section
two of the workers' compensation law.
(c)   The terms "indemnity" and "contribution"  shall  not  include  a
claim  or cause of action for contribution or indemnification based upon
a provision in a written contract entered into prior to the accident  or
occurrence by which the employer had expressly agreed to contribution to
or  indemnification  of  the  claimant  or person asserting the cause of
action for the type of loss suffered.
2.  The liability of an employer and his or her employees set forth in
sections ten, eleven and twenty-nine of the  workers'  compensation  law
shall  be  exclusive  and in place of any other liability whatsoever, to
employees, their personal representatives, spouses, parents, dependents,
distributees or  any  person  otherwise  entitled  to  recover  damages,
contribution  or  indemnity,  at  common law or otherwise, on account of
injury or death or  liability  arising  therefrom,  except  that  if  an
employer  fails  to  secure  the payment of compensation for its injured
employees and their dependents as  provided  in  section  fifty  of  the
workers'  compensation  law,  an  injured  employee, or his or her legal
representative in case death results from the injury, may, at his or her
option, elect to claim compensation under the workers' compensation law,
or to maintain an action in the courts for damages against the  employer
on  account  of  such  injury;  and  in  such  an action it shall not be
necessary to plead or prove freedom from contributory negligence nor may
the defendant plead as a defense that  the  injury  was  caused  by  the
negligence of a fellow servant nor that the employee assumed the risk of
his  or  her employment, nor that the injury was due to the contributory
negligence of the employee.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 18-B - Safety in Agricultural Tourism › 18-302 - Definitions.

§ 18-302. Definitions. For purposes of this article:
1.  "Agricultural  tourism" means activities, including the production
  of maple sap and pure maple products made  therefrom,  farm  and  winery
  tours,  equine activities both outdoors and indoors but excluding equine
  therapy, u-pick Christmas trees, hiking,  hunting  and  other  forms  of
  outdoor  recreation  offered  to  farm  visitors,  conducted by a farmer
  on-farm  for  the  enjoyment  and/or  education  of  the  public,  which
  primarily  promote the sale, marketing, production, harvesting or use of
  the products of the farm and  enhance  the  public's  understanding  and
  awareness of farming and farm life.
2.  "Equine  therapy"  shall include equine activities for children or
  adults with  physical  or  mental  disabilities,  post-traumatic  stress
  disorder  or  other  condition  for  which  equine therapy is sought for
  therapeutic purposes or treatment.
2023 New York Laws › GOB - General Obligations › Article 18-C - Libor Discontinuance › 18-403 - Severability.

§ 18-403. Severability.   If   any   provision   of  this  article  or
  application thereof to any person or circumstance is held  invalid,  the
  invalidity  shall  not  affect  other provisions or applications of this
  article that can be  given  effect  without  the  invalid  provision  or
  application,  and  to  this  end the provisions of this article shall be
  severable.
2023 New York Laws › HAY - Highway › Article 1 - Short Title and Definitions › 2 - Definitions.

§  2. Definitions. 1. When used in this chapter, unless the context or
  subject matter  otherwise  requires,  the  terms  "state  department  of
  transportation,"   "state  transportation  department,"  "department  of
  transportation,"  "transportation  department,"   "department,"   "state
  commissioner   of  transportation,"  "commissioner  of  transportation,"
  "commissioner," and "state engineer," shall each be deemed to  refer  to
  and  to  mean  the  state  department  of  transportation  and the state
  commissioner of transportation, respectively.
2. The term "county engineer"  or  "county  superintendent,"  when  so
  used,   shall   mean   the   county   engineer  of  highways  or  county
  superintendent of highways respectively.
3. The term "town superintendent," when so used, shall mean  the  town
  superintendent of highways.
4.  A  highway  within  the meaning of this chapter shall be deemed to
  include necessary  sluices,  drains,  ditches,  waterways,  embankments,
  retaining walls and culverts having a width of opening of twenty feet or
  less  except as provided in section two hundred and thirty, and also the
  approaches of any bridge  or  culvert  beginning  at  the  back  of  the
  abutments.  The  pavement  over  any  such bridge or culvert may also be
  included as a part of the highway provided such  pavement  is  separated
  from such structure by an earth fill.
5. An "infant", as used in this chapter, shall mean any person who has
  not attained the age of eighteen years.
2023 New York Laws › HAY - Highway › Article 1 - Short Title and Definitions › 3 - Classification of Highways.

§ 3. Classification of highways. Highways are hereby divided into five
  classes.
1. State highways are those constructed or improved under this chapter
  at  the  sole expense of the state, including the highways specified and
  described in sections three hundred and  forty  and  three  hundred  and
  forty-one  of  this  chapter  and acts amendatory thereof, including the
  highways  heretofore  classified  or  referred  to  as  county  highways
  elsewhere  in this chapter and heretofore constructed or improved at the
  joint expense of  state,  county  and  town,  or  state  and  county  as
  heretofore provided by law.
2.  Controlled  access  highways  are  those  state highways which are
  entirely or partly constructed, reconstructed or improved at a  location
  where  no  public  highway theretofore existed and to and from which the
  owners or occupants of abutting property or of any other  persons  shall
  have  no right of access either as pedestrians, as operators of vehicles
  or in any other capacity, excepting at junctions of such  highways  with
  other public highways, and also excepting as such access may be reserved
  pursuant  to  the  description and map of the property which has been or
  which hereafter shall be acquired in accordance with  this  chapter  for
  the purpose of such controlled access highways.
3.  State  thruways  are  those  highways  specified  and described in
  section  three  hundred  forty-nine-a  of  this  chapter,   constructed,
  improved or reconstructed as provided in such section.
4.  County roads are those roads constructed, improved, maintained and
  repaired under article six of this  chapter  and  roads  constructed  or
  improved  under  a  general  or special law, which are maintained by the
  county.
5. Town highways are those constructed, improved or maintained by  the
  town  with  the aid of the state or county, under the provisions of this
  chapter, including  all  highways  in  towns,  outside  of  incorporated
  villages  constituting  separate  road  districts which do not belong to
  either of the two preceding classes.
2023 New York Laws › HAY - Highway › Article 2 - Commissioner of Transportation › 12-A - The New York State Buy American Salt Act.

§  12-a.  The New York state buy American salt act. 1. Use of American
materials.  (a)  Notwithstanding  any  other  provision  of  law,   when
soliciting  a contract for the purchase of rock salt or sodium chloride,
the commissioner of  transportation  may  award  such  contract  to  the
responsible  and  reliable bidder offering to supply rock salt or sodium
chloride that is mined or hand harvested in the United States, and which
offer is within ten percent of the lowest price  or  best  value  offer,
rather than to the lowest responsible and reliable bidder.
(b)  If  it  has been determined by a court or federal or state agency
that any person intentionally:
(i) affixed a label bearing a "Made in America"  inscription,  or  any
inscription  with the same meaning, to any rock salt, or sodium chloride
product used in projects to which  this  section  applies,  sold  in  or
shipped to the United States that was not mined or hand harvested in the
United States; or
(ii)  represented  that  any  rock  salt,  or  sodium chloride product
procured in a contract to  which  this  section  applies  that  was  not
produced  in  the United States, was produced in the United States; then
that person shall be ineligible to receive any contract  or  subcontract
with  this  state  pursuant  to  the  debarment or suspension provisions
provided under section one hundred thirty-nine-a of  the  state  finance
law.
(c)  This  section  shall  be  applied in a manner consistent with the
state's  obligations  under  any  applicable  international   agreements
pertaining to government procurement.
2.  Definitions. For the purposes of this section, the following words
shall have the following meanings unless specified otherwise:
(a) "Mined or hand harvested in the United States" means: extracted or
collected from land or ponds within the boundary of the  United  States,
from  the  initial separation from the earth through the addition of any
additives necessary for commercial sale;
(b) "United States" means the United States of  America  and  includes
all  territory,  continental  or insular, subject to the jurisdiction of
the United States.
2023 New York Laws › HAY - Highway › Article 2 - Commissioner of Transportation › 13 - Qualifications of Certain Employees.

§  13.  Qualifications  of  certain  employees.  To  the  end that the
  employees of the department of transportation engaged  in  the  work  of
  constructing,  improving or maintaining highways under the provisions of
  this chapter may be practical  highway  builders,  the  commissioner  is
  authorized  to  indicate  to  the  civil service commission the relative
  value which should be given to experience and scientific attainments.
2023 New York Laws › HAY - Highway › Article 2 - Commissioner of Transportation › 14 - Rules and Regulations for State Highways.

§  14.  Rules  and regulations for state highways. The commissioner of
  transportation is hereby empowered to make rules  and  regulations  from
  time to time for the protection of any state highway or section thereof.
  He  may  prohibit  the  use of chains or armored tires by motor vehicles
  upon  such  highways,  and  any  violation  of  this  section  shall  be
  punishable  as a traffic infraction. Any person convicted of a violation
  of this section shall for a first conviction thereof be  punished  by  a
  fine of not more than fifty dollars or by imprisonment for not more than
  fifteen  days  or  by both such fine and imprisonment; for a second such
  conviction within  eighteen  months  thereafter  such  person  shall  be
  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  more  than  one  hundred  dollars  or by
  imprisonment for not more than forty-five days or by both such fine  and
  imprisonment;  upon  a  third  or  subsequent conviction within eighteen
  months after the first conviction such person shall  be  punished  by  a
  fine  of  not more than two hundred fifty dollars or by imprisonment for
  not more than ninety days or by both such fine and imprisonment.
2023 New York Laws › HAY - Highway › Article 2 - Commissioner of Transportation › 15 - Removal of Vehicles.

§ 15. Removal of vehicles. 1. The commissioner of transportation shall
  have  the power to cause the removal and disposition of any vehicle left
  unattended for more than twenty-four hours within the right  of  way  of
  any   state   highway   or  on  any  other  public  property  under  his
  jurisdiction.
2. The commissioner of transportation shall have the  power  to  cause
  the  immediate  removal,  from the right of way of any state highway, of
  any vehicle which obstructs or interferes with the use of such a highway
  for  public  travel;  or  which  obstructs  or   interferes   with   the
  construction,  reconstruction or maintenance of such a highway; or which
  obstructs or interferes with the clearing or removal of snow or ice from
  such a highway; or which obstructs or interferes with any  operation  of
  the department of transportation during a public emergency.
3.  The owner of a vehicle removed under any of the provisions of this
  section may be charged the reasonable cost of  removal  and  disposition
  thereof.
4.  The term vehicle, as used in this section, shall mean every device
  in, upon, or by which any person or property is or may be transported or
  drawn upon a highway, except  devices  moved  by  human  power  or  used
  exclusively upon stationary rails or tracks.
2023 New York Laws › HAY - Highway › Article 2 - Commissioner of Transportation › 16 - Removal of Noxious Weeds and Brush Within State Highways.

§  16.  Removal  of noxious weeds and brush within state highways. The
  commissioner of transportation may cause noxious weeds, briers and brush
  growing within the bounds of state highways to be cut and  removed,  and
  the  cost thereof shall be paid from funds as now provided under section
  two hundred and sixty-two of the highway law.
2023 New York Laws › HAY - Highway › Article 2 - Commissioner of Transportation › 17 - Public Hearings.

§  17.  Public  hearings.  To give the public an opportunity to become
  fully acquainted with proposed highway projects and to express its views
  on the social,  economic  and  environmental  effects  of  the  proposed
  facilities,  the  commissioner of transportation, as he deems necessary,
  shall hold a public hearing or hearings, or offer  the  opportunity  for
  such  hearing  or  hearings  in  order  to  consider the various highway
  locations or corridors and designs deemed feasible by  the  commissioner
  of  transportation  for  the  construction  or  reconstruction  at a new
  location of any highway heretofore or hereafter authorized  pursuant  to
  the  provisions  of this chapter or any other general or special law, or
  extensions of such highways, notwithstanding the fact that a  particular
  highway location or corridor may be specified by law. Provided, however,
  that  nothing herein shall be construed to authorize construction of any
  highway  in  a  location  or  corridor  different  from  that  which  is
  authorized  pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  this chapter or any other
  general or special law, or to require construction of any highway  in  a
  location  or  corridor  so authorized if, after such hearing or hearings
  and based on all the evidence available to him, the  commissioner  finds
  such  location  or  corridor  not  feasible.  Prior  to  such hearing or
  hearings, the commissioner of transportation  shall  consider  and  make
  available  to  the  public the various locations or corridors and design
  alternates which he deems feasible.
2023 New York Laws › HAY - Highway › Article 2 - Commissioner of Transportation › 19 - Planting Trees and Shrubs Along State Highways.

§ 19. Planting trees and shrubs along state highways. The commissioner
  of  transportation,  in  his  discretion,  may  plant  rows or groups of
  suitable trees along the bounds  of  existing  state  highways  at  such
  places  as he may determine and may also plant on the banks of such cuts
  and fills as were made in constructing, reconstructing or improving such
  highways such shrubs as are necessary and suitable to  prevent  or  stay
  erosion thereof. Upon the construction, reconstruction or improvement of
  any  state  highway the commissioner of transportation shall plant along
  such highways rows or  groups  of  suitable  trees,  except  where  such
  highways  pass  through wooded sections of country, and shall also plant
  on the banks of such  cuts  and  fills  as  are  made  in  constructing,
  reconstructing  or  improving such highways such shrubs as are necessary
  and suitable to prevent or stay erosion  thereof.  The  commissioner  of
  transportation  may,  with  the  consent  of  the  owner of the abutting
  premises, enter upon such premises to plant suitable trees or shrubs  as
  he may determine as desirable for reasons of safety and to maintain such
  trees  and shrubs for a period not to exceed two years. The commissioner
  of transportation is not required to plant shrubs and  trees  under  the
  provisions   of  this  section  should  such  plantings  already  be  in
  existence, should the soil in any place be too stony for  such  planting
  or  should  such planting imperil the safety of the public. The work may
  be done by forces in the department or by contract  let  to  the  lowest
  responsible bidder after due advertisement.  Moneys appropriated for the
  construction  and  maintenance  of state highways shall be available for
  any of the work authorized by this section.
2023 New York Laws › HAY - Highway › Article 2 - Commissioner of Transportation › 19-A - Pollinator Friendly Plant Species; Medians.

§   19-a.   Pollinator   friendly   plant  species;  medians.  1.  The
  commissioner shall, in cooperation with the department of  environmental
  conservation,  develop  policies  and procedures to encourage the use of
  native plant species that  are  pollinator  friendly  in  medians  along
  highways  under  the jurisdiction of the department and to encourage and
  provide technical assistance to counties, cities, towns and villages  in
  the  use of native plant species that are pollinator friendly in medians
  along highways under  the  respective  jurisdiction  of  such  counties,
  cities, towns and villages.
2.  The  commissioner shall develop policies and procedures for mowing
  medians located along highways on the  state  system  of  highways  that
  will,  wherever  feasible  and  consistent  with standards of safety for
  motor vehicle operators, cyclists, and pedestrians, reduce the amount of
  area within such highway medians that is mowed.
2023 New York Laws › HAY - Highway › Article 2 - Commissioner of Transportation › 20 - Roadside Rest Areas.

§  20.  Roadside  rest areas. 1. The commissioner of transportation is
  hereby authorized and empowered to acquire roadside  sites  along  state
  highways  and  to  develop  roadside  rest  areas.  The commissioner may
  utilize for this purpose suitable lands  already  owned  by  the  state,
  except  that  use  of any such lands in the forest preserve or under the
  jurisdiction of the department of environmental conservation shall first
  be approved by the commissioner of environmental  conservation  and  the
  use  of  any  lands  under  the  jurisdiction of the office of parks and
  recreation shall first be approved by  the  commissioner  of  parks  and
  recreation.
2.  Such  sites  shall  be  so  located as to give convenient and safe
  access thereto by vehicular traffic and shall be chosen with regard both
  to the roadside rest and recreational needs of the traveling public  and
  suitability for the purpose.
3.  The  commissioner  may  in  his  discretion  develop such sites by
  providing any  or  all  of  the  following:  a  water  supply,  sanitary
  facilities,  parking  space for automobiles or such other non-commercial
  facilities as are suitable for rest  and  relaxation  stops  by  highway
  travelers.  The commissioner may also permit the installation of vending
  machines dispensing such food, drink and  other  articles  as  he  deems
  appropriate  or  desirable.    Such  sites  shall be suitably marked and
  markings indicating their location may be erected  on  highways  leading
  thereto.
4.  At  the  discretion  of  the  commissioner  such rest areas may be
  maintained by state expenses from any appropriation for the  maintenance
  of  state  highways,  or he may enter into agreement with any authorized
  municipality for the maintenance by the municipality of such a  roadside
  rest  area  for such period and in accordance with such standards as may
  be agreed upon.
2023 New York Laws › HAY - Highway › Article 2 - Commissioner of Transportation › 21 - Restoration, Preservation and Enhancement of Natural or Scenic Beauty.

§  21.  Restoration, preservation and enhancement of natural or scenic
  beauty. The commissioner of  transportation  is  hereby  authorized  and
  empowered  to  acquire  property  for  the restoration, preservation and
  enhancement of natural or scenic beauty  of  areas  traversed  by  state
  highways,  in order for the state to comply with any federal aid highway
  acts. Acquisition of property for the purposes of this section shall  be
  in  the  manner  provided by section thirty of this chapter, except that
  any  property  in  the  city  of  New  York,  which  is  deemed  by  the
  commissioner  of transportation and the city of New York to be necessary
  for the purposes of this section, shall be acquired by the city  of  New
  York   in   the  same  manner  as  provided  in  section  three  hundred
  forty-nine-c of this chapter relating to the acquisition of property for
  the state arterial system in the city of New York. However, any property
  located more than six hundred sixty feet from the nearest  edge  of  the
  right  of  way  of any state highway, as shown on the final construction
  plans for such highway on file  in  the  department  of  transportation,
  shall  be  acquired  for  the  purposes of this section only by grant or
  purchase. The term "property" as used in  this  section  is  defined  to
  include   lands,   waters,   rights  in  lands  or  waters,  structures,
  franchises, and interest  in  land,  including  lands  under  water  and
  riparian rights and any and all other things and rights usually included
  within  the  said  term  and includes also any and all interests in such
  property  less  than  full  title,  such  as  easements,  permanent   or
  temporary,   rights-of-way,   uses,   leases,  licenses  and  all  other
  incorporeal hereditaments and every estate, interest or right, legal  or
  equitable.  Notwithstanding  any  provision of this section, no property
  may be appropriated for the purposes of this section which is  in  areas
  zoned  industrial  or  commercial  under authority of state law or areas
  which are used predominantly for industrial or commercial activities.
2023 New York Laws › HAY - Highway › Article 3 - State Highways › 31 - Exchange of Reservation Lands of the Seneca Nation of Indians.

§  31.  Exchange of reservation lands of the Seneca Nation of Indians.
  1. Notwithstanding any other provision of  law,  the  Seneca  Nation  of
  Indians  which  owns and occupies reservation lands or any real property
  interest therein as the common property of the Seneca Nation may, by the
  act of the Seneca Council and, if required by federal statute or treaty,
  with the approval of appropriate federal officials, grant and convey any
  such lands or real property  interest  therein  to  the  state  for  the
  construction  of Route 17 (Southern Tier Expressway) upon such terms and
  conditions as the Seneca Council shall deem to be just  and  reasonable.
  The  terms  lands  and  real  property  interest therein as used in this
  section  shall  include  lands,  waters,  rights  in  lands  or  waters,
  structures,  franchises  and  interests  in  land, including lands under
  water and riparian rights, and any  and  all  other  things  and  rights
  usually  included  within  the  said terms and includes also any and all
  interests in such land and  property  less  than  full  title,  such  as
  permanent  or  temporary  easements, right-of-way uses, leases, licenses
  and all other incorporeal hereditaments, and every estate,  interest  or
  right, legal or equitable.
2.  Notwithstanding  the provisions of any other law, the commissioner
  of  transportation  is  hereby  authorized,  where  such   property   is
  identified  and  requested  by  the  Seneca  Nation, to acquire property
  outside the Seneca reservations, in the same manner as other property is
  acquired for state highway purposes pursuant to this chapter or  to  use
  property  under the jurisdiction of the department of transportation, to
  be exchanged in whole or in part on terms beneficial to  the  state  for
  Seneca  reservation lands or real property interests therein acquired or
  to be acquired from the Seneca Nation for the construction of  Route  17
  (Southern  Tier  Expressway).  In  order to effect any such exchange the
  commissioner of transportation  is  hereby  authorized  to  execute  and
  deliver,  in  the  name of the people of the state, a quitclaim of, or a
  grant in and to, such property, to the Seneca Nation  involved  to  hold
  for  the benefit of the Nation. Each such instrument of conveyance shall
  be prepared by the attorney general and, before delivery thereof,  shall
  be approved by him as to form and manner of execution.
3. Any propery granted and conveyed to the Seneca Nation of Indians in
  exchange for reservation lands or interests in real property pursuant to
  the  provisions  of  this section shall thereafter be Indian reservation
  lands, enjoying all the rights and privileges and  subject  to  all  the
  limitations  which  now  or hereafter shall inhere in Indian reservation
  lands under law.
2023 New York Laws › HAY - Highway › Article 3 - State Highways › 39 - Patented Material or Articles.

§  39. Patented material or articles. In the construction, maintenance
  or repair of state highways, no patented  material  or  article  or  any
  other  material  or  article  shall  be  specified,  contracted  for  or
  purchased, except under such circumstances that there can  be  fair  and
  reasonable  opportunity  for competition, the conditions to secure which
  shall be prescribed by the commissioner of transportation.
2023 New York Laws › HAY - Highway › Article 3 - State Highways › 41 - Maintenance of Highways After Preliminary Work Pending Permanent Paving.

§ 41. Maintenance of highways after preliminary work pending permanent
  paving.  Upon  the  completion of a contract for the preliminary grading
  and structures of a state highway  the  commissioner  of  transportation
  shall  maintain  said  preliminary  grading  and  structures  until  the
  permanent pavement is laid thereon and charge the cost thereof  together
  with  the  state's  share of the cost of said permanent pavement against
  the money appropriated and  available  for  the  construction  of  state
  highways.
2023 New York Laws › HAY - Highway › Article 3 - State Highways › 42 - Maintenance of Detours During Construction.

§  42. Maintenance of detours during construction. The maintenance and
  repair of any highway or right of way designated by  official  order  of
  the  department  of  transportation  for  use  as  a  detour, during the
  construction, reconstruction, or improvement of a state  highway,  shall
  be  under  the supervision of the department of transportation and shall
  be paid out of the construction fund.  Such  highway  or  right  of  way
  designated  as  a  detour  by  the department of transportation shall be
  deemed as an improved highway  during  construction,  reconstruction  or
  repair,  when the detour is necessary, and shall be maintained, repaired
  and under the supervision of the department of  transportation  for  the
  period of necessity only.
2023 New York Laws › HAY - Highway › Article 3 - State Highways › 42-A - Establishment of Temporary Detours When State Highways Are Being Maintained or Repaired.

§  42-a.  Establishment  of  temporary detours when state highways are
  being maintained or repaired. Notwithstanding the provisions of  section
  one  hundred four of this chapter, whenever in the maintenance or repair
  of a state highway, it is determined by  the  commissioner  that  it  is
  necessary  to  provide  for  a  temporary  detour  over alternate roads,
  streets, highways or routes, the commissioner shall have the  power  and
  authority  to  establish  such  temporary  detour  over alternate roads,
  streets, highways or routes as he deems necessary  and  proper  for  the
  protection  of  the  traveling  public  with  the posting of conspicuous
  signs, or use of flagmen, or  a  combination  thereof,  indicating  such
  temporary  detour.  Such  temporary  detour shall be adequate to prevent
  unreasonable delay in the movement of traffic on said state highway.  As
  used  herein  "temporary  detour"  shall  be  a detour of an anticipated
  duration not to exceed two weeks.
2023 New York Laws › HAY - Highway › Article 3 - State Highways › 43 - Intersections, Grading and Paving on County Roads and Town Highways at Intersection With and During Construction or Reconstruction of State Highways.

§  43.  Intersections,  grading  and  paving  on county roads and town
  highways at intersection with and during construction or  reconstruction
  of  state  highways. Whenever in the construction or reconstruction of a
  state highway it is determined by the commissioner of transportation  to
  modify  the grade or alignment of such state highway at its intersection
  with a county road or a town highway, the commissioner of transportation
  shall have power and authority to provide for and to grade  and  pave  a
  safe  intersection  upon the intersecting county road or town highway as
  he deems necessary and proper for the protection of the traveling public
  and the expense thereof shall be borne as a part  of  the  cost  of  the
  construction  or  reconstruction  of  such  state  highway  and shall be
  payable from any moneys appropriated for the construction or improvement
  or reconstruction of state highways.
2023 New York Laws › HAY - Highway › Article 3 - State Highways › 44 - Acceptance of State Highways When Completed.

§ 44. Acceptance of state highways when completed. Upon the completion
  of  a state highway, or section thereof, constructed or improved under a
  contract  let  as  provided  in  this  article,  the   commissioner   of
  transportation  shall  cause the same to be inspected and if he approve,
  accept the work.