reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 178 - Criminal Diversion of Prescription Medications and Prescriptions › 178.15 - Criminal Diversion of Prescription Medications and Prescriptions in the Third Degree.

§ 178.15 Criminal    diversion    of    prescription   medications   and
prescriptions in the third degree.
A person is guilty of criminal diversion of  prescription  medications
  and prescriptions in the third degree when he or she:
1.  commits  a  criminal  diversion  act, and the value of the benefit
  exchanged is in excess of one thousand dollars; or
2. commits the crime of criminal diversion of prescription medications
  and  prescriptions  in  the  fourth  degree,  and  has  previously  been
  convicted of the crime of criminal diversion of prescription medications
  and prescriptions in the fourth degree.
Criminal  diversion  of  prescription medications and prescriptions in
  the third degree is a class E felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 178 - Criminal Diversion of Prescription Medications and Prescriptions › 178.20 - Criminal Diversion of Prescription Medications and Prescriptions in the Second Degree.

§ 178.20 Criminal    diversion    of    prescription   medications   and
prescriptions in the second degree.
A person is guilty of criminal diversion of  prescription  medications
  and prescriptions in the second degree when he or she commits a criminal
  diversion  act,  and  the value of the benefit exchanged is in excess of
  three thousand dollars.
Criminal diversion of prescription medications  and  prescriptions  in
  the second degree is a class D felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 178 - Criminal Diversion of Prescription Medications and Prescriptions › 178.25 - Criminal Diversion of Prescription Medications and Prescriptions in the First Degree.

§ 178.25 Criminal    diversion    of    prescription   medications   and
prescriptions in the first degree.
A person is guilty of criminal diversion of  prescription  medications
  and  prescriptions in the first degree when he or she commits a criminal
  diversion act, and the value of the benefit exchanged is  in  excess  of
  fifty thousand dollars.
Criminal  diversion  of  prescription medications and prescriptions in
  the first degree is a class C felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 178 - Criminal Diversion of Prescription Medications and Prescriptions › 178.26 - Fraud and Deceit Related to Controlled Substances.

§ 178.26 Fraud and deceit related to controlled substances.
1. No person shall willfully:
(a) obtain or attempt to obtain a controlled substance, a prescription
for  a  controlled  substance or an official New York state prescription
form,
(i) by fraud, deceit, misrepresentation or subterfuge; or
(ii) by the concealment of a material fact; or
(iii) by the use of a false name or the giving of a false address;
(b) make a false statement in any  prescription,  order,  application,
report  or  record required by article thirty-three of the public health
law;
(c) falsely assume the title of, or represent himself or herself to be
a   licensed   manufacturer,    distributor,    pharmacy,    pharmacist,
practitioner,  researcher,  approved  institutional  dispenser, owner or
employee of  a  registered  outsourcing  facility  or  other  authorized
person,  for  the  purpose  of obtaining a controlled substance as these
terms are defined in article thirty-three of the public health law;
(d) make or utter any false or forged prescription or false or  forged
written order;
(e)  affix  any  false  or  forged  label  to  a package or receptacle
containing controlled substances; or
(f) imprint on or affix to any controlled substance a false or  forged
code number or symbol.
2.  Possession  of  a  false  or  forged prescription for a controlled
substance by any person other than a pharmacist in the lawful  pursuance
of  his  or  her  profession shall be presumptive evidence of his or her
intent to use  the  same  for  the  purpose  of  illegally  obtaining  a
controlled substance.
3.  Possession of a blank official New York state prescription form by
any person to whom it was  not  lawfully  issued  shall  be  presumptive
evidence  of  such  person's  intent  to  use  same  for  the purpose of
illegally obtaining a controlled substance.
4. Any person who, in the course of  treatment,  is  supplied  with  a
controlled  substance or a prescription therefor by one practitioner and
who with the intent to deceive, intentionally withholds or intentionally
fails to disclose the fact, is supplied during  such  treatment  with  a
controlled  substance or a prescription therefor by another practitioner
shall be guilty of a violation of this article.
5. The provisions of subdivision one of section  thirty-three  hundred
ninety-six of the public health law shall apply to this section.
Fraud  and  deceit  related  to  controlled  substances  is  a class A
misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 179 - Criminal Diversion of Medical Marihuana › 179.00 - Criminal Diversion of Medical Cannabis; Definitions.

* § 179.00 Criminal diversion of medical cannabis; definitions.
The following definitions are applicable to this article:
1.  "Medical  cannabis"  means  medical cannabis as defined in section
  three of the cannabis law.
2. "Certification" means a certification, made under section thirty of
  the cannabis law.
* NB Repealed July 5, 2028
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 179 - Criminal Diversion of Medical Marihuana › 179.05 - Criminal Diversion of Medical Cannabis; Limitations.

* § 179.05 Criminal diversion of medical cannabis; limitations.
The provisions of this article shall not apply to:
1.  a  practitioner  authorized  to issue a certification who acted in
  good faith in the lawful course of his or her profession; or
2. a registered organization  as  that  term  is  defined  in  section
  thirty-four  of  the  cannabis law who acted in good faith in the lawful
  course of the practice of pharmacy; or
3. a person who acted in good faith seeking treatment  for  a  medical
  condition  or assisting another person to obtain treatment for a medical
  condition.
* NB Repealed July 5, 2028
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 179 - Criminal Diversion of Medical Marihuana › 179.10 - Criminal Diversion of Medical Cannabis in the First Degree.

* § 179.10 Criminal diversion of medical cannabis in the first degree.
A  person  is  guilty of criminal diversion of medical cannabis in the
  first degree when he or she is a practitioner, as that term  is  defined
  in  section  three  of the cannabis law, who issues a certification with
  knowledge of reasonable grounds to know that (i) the  recipient  has  no
  medical  need  for it, or (ii) it is for a purpose other than to treat a
  condition as defined in section three of the cannabis law.
Criminal diversion of medical cannabis in the first degree is a  class
  E felony.
* NB Repealed July 5, 2028
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 179 - Criminal Diversion of Medical Marihuana › 179.11 - Criminal Diversion of Medical Cannabis in the Second Degree.

* § 179.11 Criminal diversion of medical cannabis in the second degree.
A  person  is  guilty of criminal diversion of medical cannabis in the
  second degree when he or  she  sells,  trades,  delivers,  or  otherwise
  provides  medical  cannabis  to  another  with  knowledge  or reasonable
  grounds to know that the recipient is not registered under article three
  of the cannabis law.
Criminal diversion of medical cannabis in the second degree is a class
  B misdemeanor.
* NB Repealed July 5, 2028
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 179 - Criminal Diversion of Medical Marihuana › 179.15 - Criminal Retention of Medical Cannabis.

* § 179.15 Criminal retention of medical cannabis.
A  person  is  guilty  of criminal retention of medical cannabis when,
  being a certified patient or designated caregiver, as  those  terms  are
  defined  in  section  three  of  the  cannabis  law, he or she knowingly
  obtains, possesses, stores or maintains an amount of cannabis in  excess
  of the amount he or she is authorized to possess under the provisions of
  article three of the cannabis law.
Criminal retention of medical cannabis shall be punishable as provided
  in section 222.25 of this chapter.
* NB Repealed July 5, 2028
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 180 - Bribery Not Involving Public Servants, and Related Offenses › 180.00 - Commercial Bribing in the Second Degree.

§ 180.00 Commercial bribing in the second degree.
A  person is guilty of commercial bribing in the second degree when he
  confers, or offers or agrees to confer, any benefit upon  any  employee,
  agent  or  fiduciary  without  the  consent  of the latter's employer or
  principal, with intent to influence  his  conduct  in  relation  to  his
  employer's or principal's affairs.
Commercial bribing in the second degree is a class A misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 180 - Bribery Not Involving Public Servants, and Related Offenses › 180.03 - Commercial Bribing in the First Degree.

§ 180.03 Commercial bribing in the first degree.
A  person  is guilty of commercial bribing in the first degree when he
  confers, or offers or agrees to confer, any benefit upon  any  employee,
  agent  or  fiduciary  without  the  consent  of the latter's employer or
  principal, with intent to influence  his  conduct  in  relation  to  his
  employer's  or  principal's  affairs,  and when the value of the benefit
  conferred or offered or agreed to  be  conferred  exceeds  one  thousand
  dollars  and  causes  economic  harm  to the employer or principal in an
  amount exceeding two hundred fifty dollars.
Commercial bribing in the first degree is a class E felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 180 - Bribery Not Involving Public Servants, and Related Offenses › 180.05 - Commercial Bribe Receiving in the Second Degree.

§ 180.05 Commercial bribe receiving in the second degree.
An  employee,  agent  or  fiduciary  is  guilty  of  commercial  bribe
  receiving in the second degree when, without the consent of his employer
  or principal, he solicits, accepts or agrees to accept any benefit  from
  another person upon an agreement or understanding that such benefit will
  influence  his  conduct  in  relation  to  his employer's or principal's
  affairs.
Commercial  bribe  receiving  in  the  second  degree  is  a  class  A
  misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 180 - Bribery Not Involving Public Servants, and Related Offenses › 180.08 - Commercial Bribe Receiving in the First Degree.

§ 180.08 Commercial bribe receiving in the first degree.
An  employee,  agent  or  fiduciary  is  guilty  of  commercial  bribe
  receiving in the first degree when, without the consent of his  employer
  or  principal, he solicits, accepts or agrees to accept any benefit from
  another person upon an agreement or understanding that such benefit will
  influence his conduct in  relation  to  his  employer's  or  principal's
  affairs, and when the value of the benefit solicited, accepted or agreed
  to  be accepted exceeds one thousand dollars and causes economic harm to
  the employer or principal in  an  amount  exceeding  two  hundred  fifty
  dollars.
Commercial bribe receiving in the first degree is a class E felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 180 - Bribery Not Involving Public Servants, and Related Offenses › 180.10 - Bribery of Labor Official; Definition of Term.

§ 180.10 Bribery of labor official; definition of term.
As  used  in  this  article, "labor official" means any duly appointed
  representative of a labor organization or any duly appointed trustee  or
  representative of an employee welfare trust fund.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 180 - Bribery Not Involving Public Servants, and Related Offenses › 180.15 - Bribing a Labor Official.

§ 180.15 Bribing a labor official.
A  person  is  guilty of bribing a labor official when, with intent to
  influence a labor official in respect to any of his acts,  decisions  or
  duties  as  such  labor  official,  he  confers,  or offers or agrees to
  confer, any benefit upon him.
Bribing a labor official is a class D felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 180 - Bribery Not Involving Public Servants, and Related Offenses › 180.20 - Bribing a Labor Official; Defense.

§ 180.20 Bribing a labor official; defense.
In  any prosecution for bribing a labor official, it is a defense that
  the defendant conferred or agreed to confer the  benefit  involved  upon
  the  labor  official  as  a result of conduct of the latter constituting
  larceny committed by means of extortion, or an  attempt  to  commit  the
  same, or coercion, or an attempt to commit coercion.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 180 - Bribery Not Involving Public Servants, and Related Offenses › 180.25 - Bribe Receiving by a Labor Official.

§ 180.25 Bribe receiving by a labor official.
A labor official is guilty of bribe receiving by a labor official when
  he solicits, accepts or agrees to accept any benefit from another person
  upon  an agreement or understanding that such benefit will influence him
  in respect to any of his  acts,  decisions,  or  duties  as  such  labor
  official.
Bribe receiving by a labor official is a class D felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 180 - Bribery Not Involving Public Servants, and Related Offenses › 180.30 - Bribe Receiving by a Labor Official; No Defense.

§ 180.30 Bribe receiving by a labor official; no defense.
The crimes of (a) bribe receiving by a labor official, and (b) larceny
  committed by means of extortion, attempt to commit the same, coercion or
  attempt  to  commit  coercion,  are not mutually exclusive, and it is no
  defense to a prosecution for bribe receiving by a labor  official  that,
  by  reason of the same conduct, the defendant also committed one of such
  other specified crimes.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 180 - Bribery Not Involving Public Servants, and Related Offenses › 180.35 - Sports Bribery and Tampering; Definitions of Terms.

§ 180.35 Sports bribery and tampering; definitions of terms.
As used in this article:
1.  "Sports  contest"  means  any  professional  or  amateur  sport or
  athletic game or contest viewed by the public.
2. "Sports participant" means any person who participates  or  expects
  to  participate in a sports contest as a player, contestant or member of
  a team, or as  a  coach,  manager,  trainer  or  other  person  directly
  associated with a player, contestant or team.
3.  "Sports official" means any person who acts or expects to act in a
  sports contest as an umpire, referee, judge or otherwise to officiate at
  a sports contest.
4. "Pari-mutuel betting" is such betting as is  authorized  under  the
  provisions of the pari-mutuel revenue law as set forth in chapter 254 of
  the laws of 1940 with amendments.
5. "Pari-mutuel horse race" means any horse race upon which betting is
  conducted  under  the  provisions  of the pari-mutuel revenue law as set
  forth in chapter 254 of the laws of 1940.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 180 - Bribery Not Involving Public Servants, and Related Offenses › 180.40 - Sports Bribing.

§ 180.40 Sports bribing.
A person is guilty of sports bribing when he:
1.  Confers,  or offers or agrees to confer, any benefit upon a sports
  participant with intent to influence him not to give his best efforts in
  a sports contest; or
2. Confers, or offers or agrees to confer, any benefit upon  a  sports
  official with intent to influence him to perform his duties improperly.
Sports bribing is a class D felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 180 - Bribery Not Involving Public Servants, and Related Offenses › 180.45 - Sports Bribe Receiving.

§ 180.45 Sports bribe receiving.
A person is guilty of sports bribe receiving when:
1.  Being  a  sports  participant,  he  solicits, accepts or agrees to
  accept  any  benefit  from  another  person   upon   an   agreement   or
  understanding  that  he  will thereby be influenced not to give his best
  efforts in a sports contest; or
2. Being a sports official, he solicits, accepts or agrees  to  accept
  any  benefit from another person upon an agreement or understanding that
  he will perform his duties improperly.
Sports bribe receiving is a class E felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 180 - Bribery Not Involving Public Servants, and Related Offenses › 180.50 - Tampering With a Sports Contest in the Second Degree.

§ 180.50 Tampering with a sports contest in the second degree.
A  person  is  guilty  of  tampering  with a sports contest when, with
  intent to influence the outcome of a sports contest, he tampers with any
  sports participant, sports official or with any animal or  equipment  or
  other  thing involved in the conduct or operation of a sports contest in
  a manner contrary to the rules and usages purporting to  govern  such  a
  contest.
Tampering  with  a  sports  contest  in the second degree is a class A
  misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 180 - Bribery Not Involving Public Servants, and Related Offenses › 180.51 - Tampering With a Sports Contest in the First Degree.

§ 180.51 Tampering with a sports contest in the first degree.
A  person  is  guilty  of tampering with a sports contest in the first
  degree when, with intent to influence the outcome of a pari-mutuel horse
  race:
1. He affects any equine animal involved in the conduct  or  operation
  of a pari-mutuel horse race by administering to the animal in any manner
  whatsoever  any  controlled  substance  listed  in  section thirty-three
  hundred six of the public health law; or
2. He knowingly enters or furnishes to another  person  for  entry  or
  brings into this state for entry into a pari-mutuel horse race, or rides
  or  drives in any pari-mutuel horse race any running, trotting or pacing
  horse,  mare,  gelding,  colt  or  filly  under  an  assumed  name,   or
  deceptively  out  of  its  proper  class,  or  that  has been painted or
  disguised or represented to be  any  other  or  different  horse,  mare,
  gelding, colt or filly from that which it actually is; or
3.  He  knowingly  and  falsely registers with the jockey club, United
  States trotting  association,  American  quarter  horse  association  or
  national  steeplechase and hunt association a horse, mare, gelding, colt
  or filly previously registered under a different name; or
4. He agrees with one or more persons to enter such misrepresented  or
  drugged  animal  in  a  pari-mutuel  horse  race.  A person shall not be
  convicted of a violation of this subdivision  unless  an  overt  act  is
  alleged  and  proved  to  have  been committed by one of said persons in
  furtherance of said agreement.
Tampering with a sports contest in the  first  degree  is  a  class  E
  felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 180 - Bribery Not Involving Public Servants, and Related Offenses › 180.52 - Impairing the Integrity of a Pari-Mutuel Betting System in the Second Degree.

§ 180.52 Impairing  the integrity of a pari-mutuel betting system in the
second degree.
A person is guilty of impairing the integrity of a pari-mutuel betting
  system in the second degree when, with the intent to obtain  either  any
  payment  for himself or for a third person or with the intent to defraud
  any person he:
1. Alters, changes or interferes with any equipment or device used  in
  connection with pari-mutuel betting; or
2. Causes any false, inaccurate, delayed or unauthorized data, impulse
  or  signal  to  be  fed  into,  or transmitted over, or registered in or
  displayed  upon  any  equipment  or  device  used  in  connection   with
  pari-mutuel betting.
Impairing  the integrity of a pari-mutuel betting system in the second
  degree is a class E felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 180 - Bribery Not Involving Public Servants, and Related Offenses › 180.53 - Impairing the Integrity of a Pari-Mutuel Betting System in the First Degree.

§ 180.53 Impairing  the  integrity  of a pari-mutuel betting system in
the first degree.
A person is guilty of impairing the integrity of a pari-mutuel betting
  system in the first degree when, with the intent to  obtain  either  any
  payment  for himself or for a third person or with the intent to defraud
  any person, and when the value of the payment exceeds one thousand  five
  hundred dollars he:
1.  Alters, changes or interferes with any equipment or device used in
  connection with pari-mutuel betting; or
2. Causes any false, inaccurate, delayed or unauthorized data, impulse
  or signal to be fed into, or  transmitted  over,  or  registered  in  or
  displayed   upon  any  equipment  or  device  used  in  connection  with
  pari-mutuel betting.
Impairing the integrity of a pari-mutuel betting system in  the  first
  degree is a class D felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 180 - Bribery Not Involving Public Servants, and Related Offenses › 180.54 - Rent Gouging; Definition of Term.

§ 180.54 Rent gouging; definition of term.
As  used  in  this  article,  "lawful rental and other lawful charges"
  means registered, reported or contracted for rent  pursuant  to  chapter
  four hundred three of the laws of nineteen hundred eighty-three, article
  two  of  the private housing finance law or section eight of the federal
  housing act of nineteen hundred sixty-eight, or,  rent  contained  in  a
  court  approved  stipulation of settlement, even if such rent or charges
  are subsequently decreased by order of the  department  of  housing  and
  community renewal or a court of competent jurisdiction.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 180 - Bribery Not Involving Public Servants, and Related Offenses › 180.55 - Rent Gouging in the Third Degree.

§ 180.55 Rent gouging in the third degree.
A  person  is  guilty  of  rent  gouging  in the third degree when, in
  connection with  the  leasing,  rental  or  use  of  real  property,  he
  solicits,  accepts  or agrees to accept from a person some consideration
  of value, less than two hundred fifty dollars,  in  addition  to  lawful
  rental and other lawful charges, upon an agreement or understanding that
  the  furnishing of such consideration will increase the possibility that
  any person may obtain  or  renew  the  lease,  rental  or  use  of  such
  property,  or that a failure to furnish it will decrease the possibility
  that any person may obtain or renew the same.
Rent gouging in the third degree is a class B misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 180 - Bribery Not Involving Public Servants, and Related Offenses › 180.56 - Rent Gouging in the Second Degree.

§ 180.56 Rent gouging in the second degree.
A  person  is  guilty  of  rent  gouging in the second degree when, in
  connection with  the  leasing,  rental  or  use  of  real  property,  he
  solicits,  accepts  or agrees to accept from a person some consideration
  of value, of two hundred fifty dollars or more, in  addition  to  lawful
  rental and other lawful charges, upon an agreement or understanding that
  the  furnishing of such consideration will increase the possibility that
  any person may obtain  or  renew  the  lease,  rental  or  use  of  such
  property,  or that a failure to furnish it will decrease the possibility
  that any person may obtain or renew the same.
Rent gouging in the second degree is a class A misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 180 - Bribery Not Involving Public Servants, and Related Offenses › 180.57 - Rent Gouging in the First Degree.

§ 180.57 Rent gouging in the first degree.
A  person  is  guilty of rent gouging in the first degree when, in the
  course of a scheme constituting a systematic ongoing course  of  conduct
  in connection with the leasing, rental or use of three or more apartment
  units, the rental price of which is regulated pursuant to the provisions
  of federal, state or local law, he solicits, accepts or agrees to accept
  from   one   or   more  persons  in  three  separate  transactions  some
  consideration of value, knowing that such consideration is  in  addition
  to  lawful  rental  and other lawful charges established pursuant to the
  provisions of such federal, state or local law, and upon an agreement or
  understanding that the furnishing of such  consideration  will  increase
  the possibility that any person may obtain or renew the lease, rental or
  use  of such property, or that a failure to furnish it will decrease the
  possibility that any person  may  obtain  or  renew  same,  and  thereby
  obtains such consideration from one or more persons.
Rent gouging in the first degree is a class E felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 185 - Frauds on Creditors › 185.00 - Fraud in Insolvency.

§ 185.00 Fraud in insolvency.
1.  As  used  in  this  section,  "administrator" means an assignee or
trustee for the benefit of creditors, a liquidator, a  receiver  or  any
other  person  entitled  to  administer  property  for  the  benefit  of
creditors.
2. A person is guilty of fraud in  insolvency  when,  with  intent  to
defraud any creditor and knowing that proceedings have been or are about
to  be  instituted  for  the appointment of an administrator, or knowing
that a composition agreement or other arrangement  for  the  benefit  of
creditors has been or is about to be made, he
(a)  conveys,  transfers,  removes,  conceals,  destroys, encumbers or
otherwise disposes of any part  of  or  any  interest  in  the  debtor's
estate; or
(b)  obtains  any  substantial  part  of  or  interest in the debtor's
estate; or
(c) presents to any creditor or to the administrator  any  writing  or
record  relating  to  the  debtor's estate knowing the same to contain a
false material statement; or
(d) misrepresents or fails or refuses to disclose to the administrator
the existence, amount or location of any part of or any interest in  the
debtor's  estate,  or any other information which he is legally required
to furnish to such administrator.
Fraud in insolvency is a class A misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 185 - Frauds on Creditors › 185.05 - Fraud Involving a Security Interest.

§ 185.05 Fraud involving a security interest.
A person is guilty of fraud involving a security interest when, having
  executed  a  security agreement creating a security interest in personal
  property securing a monetary obligation owed to a secured party, and:
1. Having under the security agreement both the right of sale or other
  disposition of the property and the duty to account to the secured party
  for the proceeds of disposition, he sells or otherwise disposes  of  the
  property  and  wrongfully  fails to account to the secured party for the
  proceeds of disposition; or
2. Having under the security agreement  no  right  of  sale  or  other
  disposition  of  the  property,  he  knowingly  secretes,  withholds  or
  disposes of such property in violation of the security agreement.
Fraud involving a security interest is a class A misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 185 - Frauds on Creditors › 185.10 - Fraudulent Disposition of Mortgaged Property.

§ 185.10 Fraudulent disposition of mortgaged property.
A  person  is  guilty  of fraudulent disposition of mortgaged property
  when, having  theretofore  executed  a  mortgage  of  real  or  personal
  property  or  any  instrument  intended  to  operate  as such, he sells,
  assigns, exchanges, secretes, injures, destroys or otherwise disposes of
  any part of the property, upon which the mortgage or other instrument is
  at the time a lien, with intent thereby to defraud the  mortgagee  or  a
  purchaser thereof.
Fraudulent disposition of mortgaged property is a class A misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 185 - Frauds on Creditors › 185.15 - Fraudulent Disposition of Property Subject to a Conditional Sale Contract.

§  185.15  Fraudulent  disposition  of property subject to a conditional
sale contract.
A person is guilty of fraudulent disposition of property subject to  a
  conditional  sale  contract  when,  prior  to  the  performance  of  the
  condition of a conditional sale contract and  being  the  buyer  or  any
  legal  successor in interest of the buyer, he sells, assigns, mortgages,
  exchanges, secretes, injures, destroys  or  otherwise  disposes  of  the
  goods  subject  to  the  conditional  sale  contract under claim of full
  ownership, with intent thereby to defraud another.
Fraudulent disposition of  property  subject  to  a  conditional  sale
  contract is a class A misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 187 - Residential Mortgage Fraud › 187.00 - Definitions.

§ 187.00 Definitions.
As used in this article:
1. "Person" means any individual or entity.
2.  "Residential  mortgage  loan"  means a loan or agreement to extend
credit, including the renewal, refinancing or modification of  any  such
loan,  made  to  a  person,  which loan is primarily secured by either a
mortgage, deed of trust, or other lien upon any interest in  residential
real property or any certificate of stock or other evidence of ownership
in,  and  a  proprietary lease from, a corporation or partnership formed
for the purpose of cooperative ownership of residential real property.
* 3. "Residential real property" means real  property  improved  by  a
one-to-four  family  dwelling,  or  a  residential  unit  in  a building
including units owned as condominiums or on a cooperative basis, used or
occupied, or intended to be used or occupied, wholly or partly,  as  the
home  or  residence  of  one  or  more  persons,  but shall not refer to
unimproved  real  property  upon  which  such  dwellings   are   to   be
constructed.
* NB Effective until July 19, 2024
* 3.  "Residential  real property" means real property that is used or
occupied, or intended to be used or occupied, wholly or partly,  as  the
home  or  residence of one or more persons, including real property that
is improved by a one-to-four family dwelling, or a residential unit in a
building including units owned  as  condominiums  or  on  a  cooperative
basis,  used  or occupied, or intended to be used or occupied, wholly or
partly, as the home or residence of one or more persons, but  shall  not
refer  to  unimproved  real property upon which such dwellings are to be
constructed.
* NB Effective July 19, 2024
4.  "Residential  mortgage  fraud"  is  committed  by  a  person  who,
knowingly  and with intent to defraud, presents, causes to be presented,
or prepares with knowledge or belief that it will be used in  soliciting
an  applicant  for,  applying for, underwriting or closing a residential
mortgage loan, or filing with a county clerk of any county in the  state
arising  out  of  and  related  to the closing of a residential mortgage
loan, any written statement which:
(a) contains materially false information concerning any fact material
thereto; or
(b) conceals, for the purpose of  misleading,  information  concerning
any fact material thereto.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 187 - Residential Mortgage Fraud › 187.01 - Limitation on Prosecution.

§ 187.01 Limitation on prosecution.
No  individual who applies for a residential mortgage loan and intends
  to occupy such residential property which such mortgage secures shall be
  held liable under this article provided, however,  any  such  individual
  who  acts  as  an accessory to an individual or entity in committing any
  crime defined in this article may be charged as  an  accessory  to  such
  crime.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 187 - Residential Mortgage Fraud › 187.05 - Residential Mortgage Fraud in the Fifth Degree.

§ 187.05 Residential mortgage fraud in the fifth degree.
A  person  is guilty of residential mortgage fraud in the fifth degree
  when he or she commits residential mortgage fraud.
Residential  mortgage  fraud  in  the  fifth  degree  is  a  class   A
  misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 187 - Residential Mortgage Fraud › 187.10 - Residential Mortgage Fraud in the Fourth Degree.

§ 187.10 Residential mortgage fraud in the fourth degree.
A  person is guilty of residential mortgage fraud in the fourth degree
  when he or she commits residential mortgage fraud and  thereby  receives
  proceeds  or  any other funds in the aggregate in excess of one thousand
  dollars.
Residential mortgage fraud in the fourth degree is a class E felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 187 - Residential Mortgage Fraud › 187.15 - Residential Mortgage Fraud in the Third Degree.

§ 187.15 Residential mortgage fraud in the third degree.
A  person  is guilty of residential mortgage fraud in the third degree
  when he or she commits residential mortgage fraud and  thereby  receives
  proceeds or any other funds in the aggregate in excess of three thousand
  dollars.
Residential mortgage fraud in the third degree is a class D felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 187 - Residential Mortgage Fraud › 187.20 - Residential Mortgage Fraud in the Second Degree.

§ 187.20 Residential mortgage fraud in the second degree.
A  person is guilty of residential mortgage fraud in the second degree
  when he or she commits residential mortgage fraud and  thereby  receives
  proceeds or any other funds in the aggregate in excess of fifty thousand
  dollars.
Residential mortgage fraud in the second degree is a class C felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 187 - Residential Mortgage Fraud › 187.25 - Residential Mortgage Fraud in the First Degree.

§ 187.25 Residential mortgage fraud in the first degree.
A  person  is guilty of residential mortgage fraud in the first degree
  when he or she commits residential mortgage fraud and  thereby  receives
  proceeds  or  any  other funds in the aggregate in excess of one million
  dollars.
Residential mortgage fraud in the first degree is a class B felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 190 - Other Frauds › 190.00 - Issuing a Bad Check; Definitions of Terms.

§ 190.00 Issuing a bad check; definitions of terms.
The following definitions are applicable to this article:
1.  "Check"  means  any  check,  draft  or similar sight order for the
  payment of money which is not post-dated with respect  to  the  time  of
  utterance.
2.  "Drawer"  of  a check means a person whose name appears thereon as
  the primary obligor, whether the actual signature be that of himself  or
  of a person purportedly authorized to draw the check in his behalf.
3.  "Representative drawer" means a person who signs a check as drawer
  in a representative capacity or  as  agent  of  the  person  whose  name
  appears thereon as the principal drawer or obligor.
4.   "Utter."  A  person  "utters"  a  check  when,  as  a  drawer  or
  representative drawer thereof,  he  delivers  it  or  causes  it  to  be
  delivered  to  a  person who thereby acquires a right against the drawer
  with respect to such check. One who draws a check with intent that it be
  so delivered is deemed to have uttered it if the delivery occurs.
5. "Pass." A person "passes" a check when, being a  payee,  holder  or
  bearer  of  a  check  which previously has been or purports to have been
  drawn and uttered by another, he delivers it, for a purpose  other  than
  collection,  to a third person who thereby acquires a right with respect
  thereto.
6. "Funds" means money or credit.
7. "Insufficient funds." A drawer  has  "insufficient  funds"  with  a
  drawee  to  cover  a  check when he has no funds or account whatever, or
  funds in an amount less than that of the check; and a  check  dishonored
  for  "no  account"  shall  also  be  deemed  to have been dishonored for
  "insufficient funds."
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 190 - Other Frauds › 190.05 - Issuing a Bad Check.

§ 190.05 Issuing a bad check.
A person is guilty of issuing a bad check when:
1. (a) As a drawer or representative drawer, he utters a check knowing
  that  he  or  his  principal,  as  the  case  may be, does not then have
  sufficient funds with the drawee to cover it,  and  (b)  he  intends  or
  believes  at  the  time of utterance that payment will be refused by the
  drawee upon presentation, and (c) payment is refused by the drawee  upon
  presentation; or
2. (a) He passes a check knowing that the drawer thereof does not then
  have sufficient funds with the drawee to cover it, and (b) he intends or
  believes at the time the check is passed that payment will be refused by
  the  drawee  upon presentation, and (c) payment is refused by the drawee
  upon presentation.
Issuing a bad check is a class B misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 190 - Other Frauds › 190.10 - Issuing a Bad Check; Presumptions.

§ 190.10 Issuing a bad check; presumptions.
1.  When  the drawer of a check has insufficient funds with the drawee
to cover it  at  the  time  of  utterance,  the  subscribing  drawer  or
representative  drawer,  as the case may be, is presumed to know of such
insufficiency.
2. A subscribing drawer or representative drawer, as the case may  be,
of  an  ultimately  dishonored  check  is  presumed  to have intended or
believed that the check would be dishonored upon presentation when:
(a) The drawer  had  no  account  with  the  drawee  at  the  time  of
utterance; or
(b)  (i) The drawer had insufficient funds with the drawee at the time
of utterance, and (ii) the check was presented to the drawee for payment
not more than thirty days after the date of  utterance,  and  (iii)  the
drawer   had   insufficient  funds  with  the  drawee  at  the  time  of
presentation.
3. Dishonor of a check by the drawee and insufficiency of the drawer's
funds at the time of presentation may properly be proved by introduction
in evidence of a notice of protest of the check,  or  of  a  certificate
under  oath  of an authorized representative of the drawee declaring the
dishonor and insufficiency, and such proof shall constitute  presumptive
evidence of such dishonor and insufficiency.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 190 - Other Frauds › 190.15 - Issuing a Bad Check; Defenses.

§ 190.15 Issuing a bad check; defenses.
In  any  prosecution  for  issuing  a  bad check, it is an affirmative
  defense that:
1.  The  defendant  or  a  person  acting  in  his  behalf  made  full
  satisfaction  of  the amount of the check within ten days after dishonor
  by the drawee; or
2. The defendant, in acting as a representative drawer, did so  as  an
  employee  who,  without  personal benefit, merely executed the orders of
  his employer or of a superior officer or employee  generally  authorized
  to direct his activities.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 190 - Other Frauds › 190.20 - False Advertising.

§ 190.20 False advertising.
A  person  is guilty of false advertising when, with intent to promote
  the sale or to increase the consumption  of  property  or  services,  he
  makes  or  causes  to  be  made  a  false or misleading statement in any
  advertisement or publishes any advertisement  in  violation  of  chapter
  three  of  the  act  of congress entitled "Truth in Lending Act" and the
  regulations thereunder, as such act and regulations  may  from  time  to
  time  be  amended, addressed to the public or to a substantial number of
  persons; except that, in any prosecution under this section,  it  is  an
  affirmative defense that the allegedly false or misleading statement was
  not knowingly or recklessly made or caused to be made.
False advertising is a class A misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 190 - Other Frauds › 190.23 - False Personation.

§ 190.23 False personation.
A  person  is guilty of false personation when after being informed of
  the consequences of such act, he or she knowingly misrepresents  his  or
  her  actual  name, date of birth or address to a police officer or peace
  officer with intent to prevent such police officer or peace officer from
  ascertaining such information.
False personation is a class B misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 190 - Other Frauds › 190.25 - Criminal Impersonation in the Second Degree.

§ 190.25 Criminal impersonation in the second degree.
A person is guilty of criminal impersonation in the second degree when
  he:
1. Impersonates another and does an act in such assumed character with
  intent to obtain a benefit or to injure or defraud another; or
2.  Pretends to be a representative of some person or organization and
  does an act in such pretended capacity with intent to obtain  a  benefit
  or to injure or defraud another; or
3.  (a)  Pretends to be a public servant, or wears or displays without
  authority any uniform, badge, insignia or  facsimile  thereof  by  which
  such  public  servant is lawfully distinguished, or falsely expresses by
  his words or actions that he is a  public  servant  or  is  acting  with
  approval  or authority of a public agency or department; and (b) so acts
  with intent to induce another  to  submit  to  such  pretended  official
  authority,  to  solicit  funds  or  to otherwise cause another to act in
  reliance upon that pretense; or
4. Impersonates  another  by  communication  by  internet  website  or
  electronic  means  with  intent to obtain a benefit or injure or defraud
  another, or by such communication pretends to be  a  public  servant  in
  order  to  induce another to submit to such authority or act in reliance
  on such pretense; or
5.  Impersonates  another  person,   without   such   other   person's
  permission, by using the other person's electronic signature with intent
  to  obtain  a  benefit  or injure or defraud the other person or another
  person. For the purposes of this subdivision, electronic signature shall
  have the same meaning as set forth in subdivision three of section three
  hundred two of the state technology law.
Criminal impersonation in the second degree is a class A misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 190 - Other Frauds › 190.26 - Criminal Impersonation in the First Degree.

§ 190.26 Criminal impersonation in the first degree.
A  person is guilty of criminal impersonation in the first degree when
  he:
1. Pretends to be a  police  officer  or  a  federal  law  enforcement
  officer  as enumerated in section 2.15 of the criminal procedure law, or
  wears or  displays  without  authority,  any  uniform,  badge  or  other
  insignia  or  facsimile thereof, by which such police officer or federal
  law enforcement officer is lawfully distinguished or expresses by his or
  her words or actions that he or she  is  acting  with  the  approval  or
  authority   of  any  police  department  or  acting  as  a  federal  law
  enforcement officer with the approval of any agency that employs federal
  law enforcement officers as enumerated in section 2.15 of  the  criminal
  procedure law; and
2.  So  acts with intent to induce another to submit to such pretended
  official authority or otherwise to act in reliance  upon  said  pretense
  and  in  the  course  of  such  pretense commits or attempts to commit a
  felony; or
3. Pretending  to  be  a  duly  licensed  physician  or  other  person
  authorized  to  issue  a  prescription for any drug or any instrument or
  device used in  the  taking  or  administering  of  drugs  for  which  a
  prescription  is  required  by law, communicates to a pharmacist an oral
  prescription which is required to be  reduced  to  writing  pursuant  to
  section thirty-three hundred thirty-two of the public health law.
Criminal impersonation in the first degree is a class E felony.
2023 New York Laws › PEN - Penal › Part 3 - Specific Offenses › Title K - Offenses Involving Fraud › Article 190 - Other Frauds › 190.27 - Criminal Sale of a Police Uniform.

§ 190.27 Criminal sale of a police uniform.
A person is guilty of criminal sale of a police uniform when he or she
  sells  or  offers  for  sale  the  uniform  of any police officer to any
  person, unless presented with a valid photo identification card  showing
  the  purchaser  to  be  a  member  of  the  police  department which has
  authorized  the  requested  uniform  or  an  authorization  to  purchase
  specified uniforms signed by the police chief or the police commissioner
  of   such   police   department   accompanied   by   a   personal  photo
  identification. For purposes of this  section,  "police  officer"  shall
  include  federal law enforcement officers, as defined in section 2.15 of
  the criminal procedure law; and "uniform" shall include all or any  part
  of  the  uniform  which  identifies  the  wearer as a member of a police
  department, such  as  the  uniform,  shield,  badge,  numbers  or  other
  identifying insignias or emblems.
Criminal sale of a police uniform is a class A misdemeanor.