reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 1 - Violations of the Elective Franchise › 17-114 - Failure to Furnish Information; False Information.

§  17-114.  Failure to furnish information; false information. 1.  Any
  person  who  knowingly  harbors  or  conceals  any  person  who  falsely
  registered  as  a voter, or who shall rent any room or bed to any person
  to be used by such person for  himself  or  any  other  person  for  the
  purpose  of  unlawfully  registering  or voting therefrom is guilty of a
  misdemeanor.
2.  A  keeper   of   a   hotel,   lodging-house,   boarding-house   or
  rooming-house,  who  neglects  to give to an election officer requesting
  the same, a sworn list of persons residing in such hotel, lodging-house,
  boarding-house,  dwelling  or  apartment,  together   with   the   other
  particulars  or  information  in relation to such persons required to be
  given by or pursuant to this chapter, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
3.  A  keeper  of  a  hotel,   lodging   house,   boarding-house,   or
  rooming-house  or  the  owner  or  lessee of a dwelling or apartment who
  makes a report or furnishes  a  list  required  by  this  chapter  which
  knowingly  and  falsely states that a person has resided on the premises
  to which the report or list relates for a  longer  period  than  he  has
  actually resided therein, or puts upon such a list or in such a report a
  name  under  which  no  person  resides in said premises, is guilty of a
  felony.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 1 - Violations of the Elective Franchise › 17-116 - Removal, Mutilation or Destruction of Election Booths, Supplies, Poll-Lists or Cards of Instruction.

§  17-116.  Removal,  mutilation  or  destruction  of election booths,
  supplies, poll-lists or cards of instruction. Any person who:
1. During the election, wilfully defaces or injures a voting booth  or
  compartment,  or  wilfully  removes  or  destroys any of the supplies or
  other conveniences placed  in  the  voting  booths  or  compartments  in
  pursuance of law; or,
2.  Before  the closing of the polls, wilfully defaces or destroys any
  list of candidates to be voted for such an election posted in accordance
  with the election law; or,
3. During an election, wilfully removes or defaces the cards  for  the
  instruction of voters, posted in accordance with this chapter, is guilty
  of a misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 1 - Violations of the Elective Franchise › 17-118 - Refusal to Permit Employees to Attend Election.

§  17-118. Refusal to permit employees to attend election. A person or
  corporation who refuses an employee entitled to vote at an election  the
  privilege  of  attending  thereat,  as  provided by the election law, or
  subjects such employee to a penalty or reduction of wages because of the
  exercise of such privilege, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 1 - Violations of the Elective Franchise › 17-120 - Misconduct in Relation to Certificate of Nomination and Official Ballot.

§  17-120.  Misconduct  in  relation  to certificate of nomination and
  official ballot. A person who:
1. Falsely makes or makes oath to, or fraudulently defaces or destroys
  a certificate of nomination or any part thereof; or,
2. Files or receives for filing a certifiate  of  nomination,  knowing
  that any part thereof was falsely made; or,
3.  Suppresses  a certificate of nomination which has been duly filed,
  or any part thereof; or,
4. Forges or falsely makes the official indorsement of any ballot; or,
5. Having charge of official ballots, destroys, conceals or suppresses
  them, except as provided by the law. is guilty of a felony.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 1 - Violations of the Elective Franchise › 17-124 - Failure to Deliver Official Ballots.

§  17-124.  Failure  to  deliver  official ballots. Any person who has
  undertaken to deliver official ballots to  any  city,  town  or  village
  clerk,  or  inspector  as  authorized  by  this chapter, and neglects or
  refuses to do so, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 1 - Violations of the Elective Franchise › 17-126 - Misconduct of Election Officers.

§ 17-126. Misconduct of election officers. Any election officer who:
1.  Reveals  to  another  person  the name of any candidate for whom a
  voter has voted;
2. Communicates to another person his opinion, belief or impression as
  to how or for whom a voter has voted; or,
3. Places a mark upon a ballot, or does any other  act  by  which  one
  ballot can be distinguished from another or can be identified; or,
4.  Before the closing of the polls, unfolds a ballot that a voter has
  prepared for voting,  except  as  provided  in  section  9-209  of  this
  chapter, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 1 - Violations of the Elective Franchise › 17-128 - Violations of Election Law by Public Officer or Employee.

§  17-128. Violations of election law by public officer or employee. A
  public officer or employee who knowingly and wilfully omits, refuses  or
  neglects  to  perform  any  act  required  of him by this chapter or who
  knowingly and wilfully refuses to permit the doing of any act authorized
  by this chapter or who knowingly  and  wilfully  hinders  or  delays  or
  attempts  to  hinder  or delay the performance of such an act is, if not
  otherwise provided by law, guilty of a felony.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 1 - Violations of the Elective Franchise › 17-132 - Illegal Voting.

§ 17-132. Illegal voting. Any person who:
1. Knowingly votes or offers or attempts to vote at any election, when
  not qualified; or,
2.  Procures,  aids,  assists, counsels or advises any person to go or
  come into any election district,  for  the  purpose  of  voting  at  any
  election, knowing that such person is not qualified; or,
3. Votes or offers or attempts to vote at an election, more than once;
  or  votes  or  offers or attempts to vote at an election under any other
  name than his own; or  votes  or  offers  or  attempts  to  vote  at  an
  election,  in  an  election  district  or from a place where he does not
  reside; or,
4. Procures, aids, assists, commands or advises  another  to  vote  or
  offer or attempt to vote at an election, knowing that such person is not
  qualified to vote thereat; or,
5. Prompts a person, applying to vote, to falsely answer questions put
  to  him  by the inspectors concerning his identity or qualifications for
  voting; or,
6. Being an applicant for an absentee voter's ballot, makes a material
  false statement in his application, or a person  who  makes  a  material
  false  statement  in  a  medical  certificate  or  an affidavit filed in
  connection with an application for an absentee voter's ballot; or,
7. Not being a qualified absentee voter, and having knowledge or being
  chargeable with knowledge of that fact, votes or attempts to vote as  an
  absentee voter; or,
8.  Fraudulently  signs  the  name  of  another  upon an early mail or
  absentee voter's envelope or  aids  in  doing  or  attempting  to  do  a
  fraudulent act in connection with an early mail or absentee vote cast or
  attempted to be cast; or,
9. Falsely pretends or represents to the inspectors of election or any
  of  them that he is incapacitated to mark his ballot, for the purpose of
  obtaining assistance in voting under the provisions of this chapter,  is
  guilty of a felony.
Any  offer  or  attempt  under  this section shall be deemed to be the
  doing of any act made necessary  by  this  chapter  preliminary  to  the
  delivery  of  a ballot to an elector or the deposit of the ballot in the
  ballot box or his admission to the booth or voting machine enclosure.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 1 - Violations of the Elective Franchise › 17-134 - Unlawful Use of Pasters.

§ 17-134. Unlawful use of pasters. An election officer or other person
  who  uses  a  paster,  sticker  or label upon an official ballot, at any
  election, except as authorized  and  in  the  manner  provided  by  this
  chapter, is guilty of a felony.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 1 - Violations of the Elective Franchise › 17-136 - False Returns; Unlawful Acts Respecting Returns.

§   17-136.  False  returns;  unlawful  acts  respecting  returns.  An
  inspector or clerk of an election who intentionally makes,  or  attempts
  to  make,  a  false  canvass  of  the ballots cast thereat, or any false
  statement of the result of a canvass, though not signed by a majority of
  the inspectors, or any person who induces or attempts to induce any such
  inspector or clerk to do so, is guilty of a felony.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 1 - Violations of the Elective Franchise › 17-140 - Furnishing Money or Entertainment to Induce Attendance at Polls.

§  17-140.  Furnishing  money or entertainment to induce attendance at
  polls.  Any person who directly or indirectly by himself or through  any
  other person in connection with or in respect of any election during the
  hours of voting on a day of a general, special or primary election gives
  or  provides, or causes to be given or provided, or shall pay, wholly or
  in part, for any meat, drink, tobacco, refreshment or  provision  to  or
  for  any  person, other than persons who are official representatives of
  the board of elections or political parties and committees  and  persons
  who  are engaged as watchers, party representatives or workers assisting
  the candidate, except any such  meat,  drink,  tobacco,  refreshment  or
  provision  having a retail value of less than one dollar, which is given
  or provided to any person in a polling place without any  identification
  of  the person or entity supplying such provisions, is guilty of a Class
  A misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 1 - Violations of the Elective Franchise › 17-144 - Receiving Consideration for Franchise.

§  17-144. Receiving consideration for franchise. Except as allowed by
  law, any person who directly or indirectly, by himself  or  through  any
  other person:
1.  Receives,  agrees  or contracts for, before or during an election,
  any money, gift, loan or other valuable consideration, office  place  or
  employment  for  himself  or any other person, for voting or agreeing to
  vote, or for coming or agreeing to come to the polls, or  for  remaining
  away  or  agreeing  to  remain away from the polls, or for refraining or
  agreeing to refrain from registering as a voter, or  for  refraining  or
  agreeing  to  refrain from voting, or for voting or agreeing to vote, or
  for refraining or agreeing to refrain from voting  for  or  against  any
  particular  person  or  persons  at  any election, or for or against any
  proposition submitted to voters at such election; or,
2. Receives any money or other  valuable  thing  during  or  after  an
  election  on  account  of  himself  or  any other person having voted or
  refrained from voting at such  an  election;  or  having  registered  or
  refrained  from  registering as a voter, or on account of himself or any
  other person having voted or refrained from voting for  or  against  any
  particular  person  at  such election, or for or against any proposition
  submitted to voters at such election, or on account of  himself  or  any
  other person having come to the polls or remained away from the polls at
  such  election,  or having registered or refrained from registering as a
  voter, or on account of having induced  any  other  person  to  vote  or
  refrain  from  voting  for  or  against  any  particular  person at such
  election, or for or against any proposition submitted to voters at  such
  election, is guilty of a felony.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 1 - Violations of the Elective Franchise › 17-146 - Offender a Competent Witness; Witnesses' Immunity.

§  17-146.  Offender  a  competent witness; witnesses' immunity. 1.  A
  person offending against any section of  this  article  is  a  competent
  witness  against  another  person  so  offending and may be compelled to
  attend and testify on any trial, hearing or proceeding or  investigation
  in the same manner as any other person.
2.  In  any  criminal  proceeding  before  a court or grand jury for a
  violation of any of the provisions of this article, the court  or  grand
  jury  may  confer  immunity  in  accordance  with  the  code of criminal
  procedure.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 1 - Violations of the Elective Franchise › 17-148 - Bribery or Intimidation of Elector in Military Service of United States.

§  17-148.  Bribery  or intimidation of elector in military service of
  United States. Any person  who,  directly  or  indirectly,  by  bribery,
  menace  or  any other corrupt means, controls, or attempts to control an
  elector of this state enlisted in the military  service  of  the  United
  States, in the exercise of his rights under the election law, or annoys,
  injures or punishes him for the manner in which he exercises such right,
  is guilty of a misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 1 - Violations of the Elective Franchise › 17-150 - Duress and Intimidation of Voters.

§ 17-150. Duress and intimidation of voters. Any person or corporation
  who directly or indirectly:
1.  Uses  or  threatens  to  use  any force, violence or restraint, or
  inflicts or threatens to inflict any injury, damage, harm or loss, or in
  any other manner practices intimidation upon or against  any  person  in
  order to induce or compel such person to vote or refrain from voting for
  or  against  any  particular  person  or  for or against any proposition
  submitted to voters at such election, or to place or cause to be  placed
  or refrain from placing or causing to be placed his name upon a registry
  of  voters,  or on account of such person having voted or refrained from
  voting at such election, or having voted or refrained from voting for or
  against any  particular  person  or  persons,  or  for  or  against  any
  proposition  submitted  to voters at such election, or having registered
  or refrained from registering as a voter; or,
2. By abduction, duress  or  any  forcible  or  fraudulent  device  or
  contrivance  whatever impedes, prevents or otherwise interferes with the
  free exercise of the  elective  franchise  by  any  voter,  or  compels,
  induces  or  prevails  upon any voter to give or refrain from giving his
  vote for or against any particular person at any election; or,
3. Being an employer pays his employess the salary  or  wages  due  in
  "pay  envelopes,"  in  which  there  is  enclosed or upon which there is
  written or  printed  political  motto,  device  or  argument  containing
  threats,  express  or  implied,  intended or calculated to influence the
  political opinions or actions of such employees, or within  ninety  days
  of a general election puts or otherwise exhibits in the establishment or
  place  where his employees are engaged in labor, any handbill or placard
  containing any threat, notice or information,  that  if  any  particular
  ticket  or  candidate  is  elected  or  defeated,  work  in his place or
  establishment will cease, in whole or in part, his establishment will be
  closed up, or the wages of his  employees  reduced,  or  other  threats,
  express  or  implied,  intended or calculated to influence the political
  opinions or actions of his employees, is guilty of a  misdemeanor,  and,
  if a corporation, shall in addition forfeit its charter.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 1 - Violations of the Elective Franchise › 17-152 - Conspiracy to Promote or Prevent Election.

§  17-152.  Conspiracy to promote or prevent election. Any two or more
  persons who conspire to promote or prevent the election of any person to
  a public office by unlawful means and which conspiracy is acted upon  by
  one or more of the parties thereto, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 1 - Violations of the Elective Franchise › 17-156 - Political Assessments.

§ 17-156. Political assessments. Any officer or employee of the state,
  or  of  a political subdivision thereof who, directly or indirectly uses
  his authority or official  influence  to  compel  or  induce  any  other
  officer  or employee of the state or a political subdivision thereof, to
  pay or promise to pay any political assessment  shall  be  guilty  of  a
  class  A  misdemeanor.  Nothing  herein  shall  be deemed to prohibit an
  officer or employee of the state or political subdivision  thereof  from
  making a voluntary contribution to a candidate or political committee.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 1 - Violations of the Elective Franchise › 17-160 - Procuring Fraudulent Documents in Order to Vote.

§  17-160.  Procuring  fraudulent  documents in order to vote. 1.  Any
  person who knowingly and wilfully procures from any court, judge,  clerk
  or  other  officer,  any  document  with intent to enable himself or any
  other person to register for or vote at any election  when  he  or  such
  other person is not entitled to exercise the elective franchise; or
2.  Any  person  who  knowingly  and wilfully presents to any election
  officer for the purpose of having himself or  any  other  person  placed
  upon  any  list  or  registry  of  voters or for the purpose of enabling
  himself or any other person to vote at any election, any false document,
  is guilty of a felony.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 1 - Violations of the Elective Franchise › 17-162 - Judicial Candidates Not to Contribute.

§  17-162.  Judicial  candidates not to contribute. No candidate for a
  judicial office shall, directly or indirectly, make any contribution  of
  money  or  other thing of value, nor shall any contribution be solicited
  of him; but a candidate for  a  judicial  office  may  make  such  legal
  expenditures, other than contributions, authorized by this chapter.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 1 - Violations of the Elective Franchise › 17-164 - Political Contributions by Owners of Polling Places Prohibited.

§   17-164.  Political  contributions  by  owners  of  polling  places
  prohibited.  A person, who being the owner of premises contracted for or
  used as a place of registration or as a polling place for  any  election
  or  official  primary,  who makes offers or promises to make a political
  contribution to any party committee, candidate or person, or any  person
  who makes, promises or offers to make any such political contribution as
  an inducement for the hiring of premises owned by him for use as a place
  of  registration  or polling place for any election or official primary,
  shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 1 - Violations of the Elective Franchise › 17-166 - Penalty.

§  17-166.  Penalty.  Any person convicted of a misdemeanor under this
  article shall for a first offense be punished by  imprisonment  for  not
  more  than  one  year, or by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars
  nor  more  than  five  hundred  dollars,  or  by  both  such  fine   and
  imprisonment.  Any  person  who,  having been convicted of a misdemeanor
  under this article, shall thereafter be convicted of another misdemeanor
  under this article, shall be guilty of a felony.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 1 - Violations of the Elective Franchise › 17-168 - Crimes Against the Elective Franchise Not Otherwise Provided For.

§ 17-168. Crimes against the elective franchise not otherwise provided
  for.  Any  person  who  knowingly and wilfully violates any provision of
  this chapter, which violation is not specifically covered by any of  the
  previous sections of this article, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 1 - Violations of the Elective Franchise › 17-170 - Destroying or Delaying Election Returns.

§  17-170.  Destroying  or  delaying  election  returns.  A  messenger
  appointed by authority of law to receive and carry a report, certificate
  or certified copy of  any  statement  relating  to  the  result  of  any
  election,   who  wilfully  mutilates,  tears,  defaces,  obliterates  or
  destroys the same, or does any other act which prevents the delivery  of
  it  as  required by law; and a person who takes away from such messenger
  any such report, certificate or certified copy, with intent  to  prevent
  its  delivery,  or  who  wilfully  does  any injury or other act in this
  section specified, is guilty of a felony.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 2 - John R. Lewis Voting Rights Act of New York › 17-200 - Legislative Purpose and Statement of Public Policy.

§ 17-200. Legislative  purpose  and  statement  of  public  policy. In
  recognition of the protections for the right to  vote  provided  by  the
  constitution  of  the  state of New York, which substantially exceed the
  protections for the right to vote provided by the  constitution  of  the
  United  States, and in conjunction with the constitutional guarantees of
  equal protection, freedom of  expression,  and  freedom  of  association
  under the law and against the denial or abridgement of the voting rights
  of  members  of  a  race,  color,  or language-minority group, it is the
  public policy of the state of New York to:
1. Encourage participation in the elective franchise by  all  eligible
  voters to the maximum extent; and
2.  Ensure  that eligible voters who are members of racial, color, and
  language-minority groups shall have an equal opportunity to  participate
  in  the  political processes of the state of New York, and especially to
  exercise the elective franchise.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 2 - John R. Lewis Voting Rights Act of New York › 17-202 - Interpretation of Laws Related to the Elective Franchise.

§ 17-202. Interpretation of laws related to the elective franchise. In
  further recognition of the protections for the right to vote provided by
  the  constitution  of  the  state  of  New York, all statutes, rules and
  regulations, and local  laws  or  ordinances  related  to  the  elective
  franchise  shall  be  construed liberally in favor of (a) protecting the
  right of voters to have their ballot cast and counted; (b) ensuring that
  eligible voters are  not  impaired  in  registering  to  vote,  and  (c)
  ensuring  voters  of  race,  color,  and  language-minority  groups have
  equitable access to  fully  participate  in  the  electoral  process  in
  registering  to  vote and voting. The authority to prescribe or maintain
  voting or elections policies and practices cannot be so exercised as  to
  unnecessarily  deny or abridge the right to vote. Policies and practices
  that burden the right to vote must be narrowly  tailored  to  promote  a
  compelling  policy  justification  that must be supported by substantial
  evidence.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 2 - John R. Lewis Voting Rights Act of New York › 17-214 - Authority to Issue Subpoenas.

§ 17-214. Authority to issue subpoenas. In any action or investigation
  to  enforce any provision of this title, the attorney general shall have
  the authority to take proof and determine relevant facts  and  to  issue
  subpoenas in accordance with the civil practice law and rules.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 2 - John R. Lewis Voting Rights Act of New York › 17-216 - Expedited Judicial Proceedings and Preliminary Relief.

§ 17-216. Expedited   judicial  proceedings  and  preliminary  relief.
  Because of the frequency  of  elections,  the  severe  consequences  and
  irreparable harm of holding elections under unlawful conditions, and the
  expenditure  to  defend  potentially  unlawful  conditions  that benefit
  incumbent officials, actions brought pursuant to  this  title  shall  be
  subject  to  expedited  pretrial  and  trial  proceedings and receive an
  automatic calendar preference. In any action  alleging  a  violation  of
  this  section  in  which a plaintiff party seeks preliminary relief with
  respect to an upcoming election, the court  shall  grant  relief  if  it
  determines  that:  (a) plaintiffs are more likely than not to succeed on
  the merits; and (b) it is possible to implement  an  appropriate  remedy
  that would resolve the alleged violation in the upcoming election.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 2 - John R. Lewis Voting Rights Act of New York › 17-218 - Attorneys' Fees.

§ 17-218. Attorneys'  fees.  In any action to enforce any provision of
  this title, the court shall allow the prevailing plaintiff party,  other
  than the state or political subdivision thereof, a reasonable attorneys'
  fee,  litigation  expenses including, but not limited to, expert witness
  fees and expenses as part of the costs. A plaintiff will  be  deemed  to
  have  prevailed  when,  as  a  result of litigation, the defendant party
  yields much or  all  of  the  relief  sought  in  the  suit.  Prevailing
  defendant  parties  shall  not recover any costs, unless the court finds
  the action to be frivolous, unreasonable, or without foundation.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 2 - John R. Lewis Voting Rights Act of New York › 17-220 - Applicability.

§ 17-220. Applicability.  The  provisions of this title shall apply to
  all elections for any elected office  or  electoral  choice  within  the
  state  or  any political subdivision. The provisions of this title shall
  apply notwithstanding any other provision of law,  including  any  other
  state  law  or  local  law; provided, however, that school districts and
  libraries shall continue to conduct their elections under the  education
  law,  subject to and not inconsistent with the provisions of this title,
  to ensure voters of  race,  color,  and  language-minority  groups  have
  equitable access to fully participate in the electoral process.
2023 New York Laws › ELN - Election › Article 17 - Protecting the Elective Franchise › Title 2 - John R. Lewis Voting Rights Act of New York › 17-222 - Severability.

§ 17-222. Severability.   If  any  provision  of  this  title  or  its
  application to any person, political  subdivision,  or  circumstance  is
  held  invalid,  the  invalidity  shall  not  affect  other provisions or
  applications of this title which can be given effect without the invalid
  provision or application, and to this end the provisions of  this  title
  are severable.
2023 New York Laws › EDP - Eminent Domain Procedure › Article 1 - Purpose; Short Title; Definitions; Applicability › 101 - Purpose.

§ 101. Purpose. It is the purpose of this law to provide the exclusive
  procedure  by  which property shall be acquired by exercise of the power
  of eminent domain in New York state; to assure  that  just  compensation
  shall be paid to those persons whose property rights are acquired by the
  exercise  of  the  power of eminent domain; to establish opportunity for
  public participation in the planning of  public  projects  necessitating
  the  exercise  of  eminent  domain;  to  give  due regard to the need to
  acquire property for public use as well as the legitimate  interests  of
  private  property  owners,  local  communities  and  the  quality of the
  environment, and to that end to promote and facilitate  recognition  and
  careful  consideration  of  those  interests; to encourage settlement of
  claims for just compensation and expedite payments to  property  owners;
  to  establish  rules to reduce litigation, and to ensure equal treatment
  to all property owners.
2023 New York Laws › EDP - Eminent Domain Procedure › Article 1 - Purpose; Short Title; Definitions; Applicability › 103 - Definitions.

§ 103. Definitions. As used in this law:
(A) "Acquisition" means the act of vesting of title, right or interest
to, real property for a public use, benefit or purpose, by virtue of the
condemnor's exercise of the power of eminent domain.
(B)  "Acquisition  map"  means the representation of the real property
acquired by either a delineation of  the  perimeter  of  the  particular
project  covering  the  acquisition;  together with a description of the
project's perimeter boundaries and of the estate, right or  interest  in
and  to  such  property  so  acquired  or  an  individual  property  map
representing the estate, right or interest in and to  such  property  so
acquired.
(B-1)  "Assessment  record  billing owner" means the owner, last known
owner, or reputed owner, at such person's tax billing address,  of  each
parcel or portion thereof, of real property which may be acquired by the
condemnor for such public project, as shown on the assessment records of
the  political  subdivision  in  which such parcel or portion thereof is
located, as this information, in its most current form, may be  obtained
from and ascertained by the assessor of each such political subdivision.
(C)  "Condemnee" means the holder of any right, title, interest, lien,
charge or encumbrance in real property  subject  to  an  acquisition  or
proposed acquisition.
(D)  "Condemnor"  means  any  entity  vested with the power of eminent
domain.
(E)  "Person"  means   any   individual,   partnership,   corporation,
association, trust, or legal entity.
(F)  "Real  property"  includes all land and improvements, lands under
water, waterfront property, the water of any lake, pond or  stream,  all
easements and hereditaments, corporeal or incorporeal, and every estate,
interest  and  right,  legal or equitable, in lands or water, and right,
interest, privilege,  easement  and  franchise  relating  to  the  same,
including terms for years and liens by way of mortgage or otherwise.
(G)   "Public   project"  means  any  program  or  project  for  which
acquisition of property may be required for a  public  use,  benefit  or
purpose.
2023 New York Laws › EDP - Eminent Domain Procedure › Article 2 - Determination of the Need and Location of a Public Project Prior to Acquisition › 201 - Public Hearings.

§   201.   Public  hearings.  Except  as  provided  herein,  prior  to
  acquisition, the condemnor, in order to inform the public and to  review
  the  public use to be served by a proposed public project and the impact
  on the environment and residents of the locality where such project will
  be constructed, shall conduct a public hearing in  accordance  with  the
  provisions  of  this  article  at a location reasonably proximate to the
  property which may be acquired for such project.
2023 New York Laws › EDP - Eminent Domain Procedure › Article 2 - Determination of the Need and Location of a Public Project Prior to Acquisition › 202 - Notice.

§  202. Notice. (A) Where a public hearing is required by this article
the condemnor shall give notice to the public of the purpose,  time  and
location  of  its  hearing  setting  forth  the proposed location of the
public project including any proposed alternate locations, at least  ten
but  no  more  than  thirty days prior to such public hearing by causing
such notice to be published in at least five  successive  issues  of  an
official  daily  newspaper  if  there  is one designated in the locality
where the project will be situated  and  in  at  least  five  successive
issues  of a daily newspaper of general circulation in such locality. If
the official newspaper is one of general circulation in  such  locality,
publication therein as specified shall be deemed sufficient compliance.
(B) In the event that the only newspaper available in such locality is
a  weekly  publication  the above described notice shall be published in
such newspaper in at least two successive issues.
(C) (1) The condemnor shall  serve,  either  by  personal  service  or
certified mail, return receipt requested, a notice of the purpose, time,
date,  and location of a public hearing required by this article to each
assessment record billing owner or his or her attorney of record.
(2) Such notice shall be served at least ten but no more  than  thirty
days  prior to such public hearing. Such notice shall clearly state that
those  property  owners  who  may   subsequently   wish   to   challenge
condemnation of their property via judicial review may do so only on the
basis of issues, facts, and objections raised at such hearing.
(D)  Inadvertent  failure  to  notify  a person or persons entitled to
notice under this section shall not be jurisdictional nor  construed  to
affect the validity of any title acquired by a condemnor under this law.
2023 New York Laws › EDP - Eminent Domain Procedure › Article 2 - Determination of the Need and Location of a Public Project Prior to Acquisition › 203 - Conduct of the Public Hearing.

§  203.  Conduct  of  the  public  hearing.  At the public hearing the
  condemnor shall outline the  purpose,  proposed  location  or  alternate
  locations  of  the public project and any other information it considers
  pertinent, including maps and property descriptions of the  property  to
  be  acquired and adjacent parcels.  Thereafter, any person in attendance
  shall be given a reasonable opportunity to present an  oral  or  written
  statement  and  to submit other documents concerning the proposed public
  project. A record of  the  hearing  shall  be  kept,  including  written
  statements  submitted.  Copies  of such record shall be available to the
  public for examination without cost during normal business hours at  the
  condemnor's  principal office and the office of the clerk or register of
  the county in which the property proposed to  be  acquired  is  located.
  Copies  shall be reproduced upon written request and payment of the cost
  thereof. Further adjourned hearings may be scheduled.
2023 New York Laws › EDP - Eminent Domain Procedure › Article 2 - Determination of the Need and Location of a Public Project Prior to Acquisition › 204 - Determination and Findings.

§  204.  Determination  and findings. (A) The condemnor, within ninety
days after the conclusion of the public hearings held pursuant  to  this
article,  shall  make  its  determination  and  findings  concerning the
proposed public project and shall  publish  a  brief  synopsis  of  such
determination  and  findings  in  at  least  two successive issues of an
official newspaper if there is one designated in the locality where  the
project  will  be  situated  and  in at least two successive issues of a
newspaper of general circulation  in  such  locality.  If  the  official
newspaper  is  one  of general circulation in such locality, publication
therein as specified shall be deemed sufficient compliance. The synopsis
shall include those factors set forth in  subdivision  (B)  herein,  and
shall  also  state that copies of the determination and findings will be
forwarded upon written request without cost.
(B) The condemnor, in its determination and findings,  shall  specify,
but shall not be limited to the following:
(1)  the  public  use, benefit or purpose to be served by the proposed
public project;
(2) the approximate location for the proposed public project  and  the
reasons for the selection of that location;
(3)  the general effect of the proposed project on the environment and
residents of the locality;
(4) such other factors as it considers relevant.
(C) Upon making the determination and findings,  the  condemnor  shall
serve,  by personal service or certified mail, return receipt requested,
a notice of the brief  synopsis  thereof  upon  each  assessment  record
billing  owner  or  his  or her attorney of record whose property may be
acquired. Such notice shall: (1) include  the  information  required  by
paragraph  two of subdivision (B) of this section; (2) state that copies
of the determination and findings will be forwarded to such  individuals
upon  written request and without cost; (3) inform such individual that,
under section two hundred seven of this article, there are  thirty  days
from the completion of the condemnor's newspaper publication requirement
to  seek  judicial review of the condemnor's determination and findings;
and (4) inform such individual that, under sections  two  hundred  seven
and  two hundred eight of this article, the exclusive venue for judicial
review of the condemnor's determination and findings  is  the  appellate
division  of the supreme court in the judicial department where any part
of the property to be condemned is located.
2023 New York Laws › EDP - Eminent Domain Procedure › Article 2 - Determination of the Need and Location of a Public Project Prior to Acquisition › 205 - Amendments for Field Conditions.

§  205.  Amendments for field conditions. Subsequent to publishing its
  determination and findings and only in the event that further  study  of
  field  conditions  warrant,  the  condemnor shall have the right to make
  amendments or alterations in its proposed public project to  accommodate
  such  field conditions. Such amendments or alterations shall not require
  further public hearings nor invalidate any acquisition for the  proposed
  public project.
2023 New York Laws › EDP - Eminent Domain Procedure › Article 2 - Determination of the Need and Location of a Public Project Prior to Acquisition › 206 - Exemptions.

§  206. Exemptions. The condemnor shall be exempt from compliance with
the provisions of this article when:
(A) pursuant to other state, federal, or local law  or  regulation  it
considers and submits factors similar to those enumerated in subdivision
(B)  of  section  two  hundred  four,  to  a  state,  federal  or  local
governmental agency, board or  commission  before  proceeding  with  the
acquisition  and  obtains  a  license, a permit, a certificate of public
convenience or necessity or other similar  approval  from  such  agency,
board, or commission or;
* (B)  pursuant to article VII of the public service law it obtained a
certificate of environmental compatibility and public need  or  pursuant
to  article  VIII  of the public service law it obtained a siting permit
with respect to a major electric transmission facility or;
* NB Effective until December 31, 2040
* (B) pursuant to article VII or article VIII of  the  public  service
law  it obtained a certificate of environmental compatibility and public
need or;
* NB Effective December 31, 2040
(C) pursuant to other law or regulation it undergoes  or  conducts  or
offers  to  conduct  prior to an acquisition one or more public hearings
upon notice to the public and owners of property  to  be  acquired,  and
provided further that factors similar to those enumerated in subdivision
(B)  of section two hundred four herein may be considered at such public
hearings, or;
(D) when in the opinion of the condemnor the acquisition is de minimis
in nature so that the public interest will  not  be  prejudiced  by  the
construction  of  the  project  or because of an emergency situation the
public interest will be endangered by any delay  caused  by  the  public
hearing requirement in this article.
(E) when it complies with the procedures contained in section 41.34 of
the mental hygiene law.
2023 New York Laws › EDP - Eminent Domain Procedure › Article 2 - Determination of the Need and Location of a Public Project Prior to Acquisition › 207 - Judicial Review.

§  207.  Judicial  review.  (A)  Any  person  or  persons  jointly  or
severally, aggrieved by the condemnor's determination and findings  made
pursuant  to section two hundred four of this article, may seek judicial
review thereof by the appellate division of the supreme  court,  in  the
judicial  department  embracing the county wherein the proposed facility
is located by the filing of a petition in such court within thirty  days
after the condemnor's completion of its publication of its determination
and  findings pursuant to section two hundred four herein. Such petition
shall be accompanied by proof of service of a demand on the condemnor to
file with said court a copy of a written transcript of the record of the
proceeding before it, and a copy of its determination and findings. Upon
receipt of such petition  and  demand,  the  condemnor  shall  forthwith
deliver  to  the  court  a  copy  of  the  record  and  a  copy  of  its
determination and findings. The proceeding shall be heard on the  record
without requirement of reproduction. If such proposed public improvement
is  located  in more than one judicial department such proceeding may be
brought in any one, but only  one  of  such  departments  and  all  such
proceedings  with  relation  to  any  single  public  project  shall  be
consolidated with that first filed.
(B) The jurisdiction of the appellate division of  the  supreme  court
shall  be exclusive and its judgment and order shall be final subject to
review by the court of appeals in the same manner and form and with  the
same  effect  as  provided for appeals in a special proceeding. All such
proceedings shall be heard and determined by the appellate  division  of
the  supreme  court,  and  by  the court of appeals, as expeditiously as
possible and with lawful preference over other matters.
(C)  The  court  shall  either  confirm  or  reject  the   condemnor's
determination  and  findings.  The  scope  of review shall be limited to
whether:
(1) the proceeding was  in  conformity  with  the  federal  and  state
constitutions,
(2)  the  proposed  acquisition  is  within  the condemnor's statutory
jurisdiction or authority,
(3) the condemnor's determination and findings were made in accordance
with procedures set forth in this article and with article eight of  the
environmental conservation law, and
(4)  a  public  use, benefit or purpose will be served by the proposed
acquisition.
2023 New York Laws › EDP - Eminent Domain Procedure › Article 2 - Determination of the Need and Location of a Public Project Prior to Acquisition › 208 - Jurisdiction of Courts.

§  208.  Jurisdiction  of  courts.  Except  as  expressly set forth in
  section two hundred seven, and except for review by the court of appeals
  of an order or judgment of the appellate division of the  supreme  court
  as  provided for therein, no court of this state shall have jurisdiction
  to hear and determine any matter, case  or  controversy  concerning  any
  matter  which  was  or  could have been determined in a proceeding under
  this article.
2023 New York Laws › EDP - Eminent Domain Procedure › Article 3 - Offer and Negotiations › 301 - Policy.

§  301. Policy. The condemnor, at all stages prior to or subsequent to
  an acquisition by eminent  domain  of  real  property  necessary  for  a
  proposed  public  project  shall  make  every reasonable and expeditious
  effort  to  justly  compensate  persons  for  such  real   property   by
  negotiation and agreement.
2023 New York Laws › EDP - Eminent Domain Procedure › Article 3 - Offer and Negotiations › 302 - Appraisals; Prevesting Discovery.

§  302. Appraisals; prevesting discovery. Real property to be acquired
  by the exercise of the power of eminent domain  shall  be  appraised  on
  behalf  of the condemnor by an appraiser. In order to adequately prepare
  such appraisal upon which the condemnor's offer is based, the  condemnor
  shall  have  the  right  to  inspect such property prior to vesting. The
  owner, his agents or employees, tenants or other  occupants  shall  upon
  reasonable  notice  by  a  written  request  by  the  condemnor, provide
  pertinent data or information including books and records  necessary  to
  prepare  such appraisal. A party affected by such request may, where the
  request  for  such  information  is  objected  to  as  unreasonable   or
  burdensome, petition a court of competent jurisdiction for relief.
Failure  of  the  owner  to comply with this section shall suspend the
  condemnor's obligation to make  an  offer  to  such  owner  pursuant  to
  article three until such time as this information is provided.
2023 New York Laws › EDP - Eminent Domain Procedure › Article 3 - Offer and Negotiations › 303 - Offer.

§  303.  Offer.  The  condemnor  shall  establish  an  amount which it
  believes to represent just compensation for  the  real  property  to  be
  acquired.    The  condemnor  shall  make  a written offer to acquire the
  property for one hundred per centum of the valuation so established.  In
  no event shall such amount be less than the condemnor's highest approved
  appraisal.  Wherever  practicable,  the  condemnor  shall make the offer
  prior to acquiring the property and  shall  also  wherever  practicable,
  include  within  the offer an itemization of the total direct, the total
  severance or consequential damages and benefits as each may apply to the
  property.