2023 New York Laws › DCD - Debtor and Creditor › Article 10 - Uniform Voidable Transactions Act. › 270 - Definitions.

§ 270. Definitions. As used in this article:
(a) "Affiliate" means:
(1)  a person that directly or indirectly owns, controls or holds with
power to  vote,  twenty  percent  or  more  of  the  outstanding  voting
securities of the debtor, other than a person that holds the securities:
(i)  as  a fiduciary or agent without sole discretionary power to vote
the securities; or
(ii) solely to secure a debt, if the person has not in fact  exercised
the power to vote;
(2)  a  corporation twenty percent or more of whose outstanding voting
securities are directly or indirectly owned,  controlled  or  held  with
power  to  vote,  by  the debtor or a person that directly or indirectly
owns, controls or holds, with power to vote, twenty percent or  more  of
the  outstanding  voting  securities  of the debtor, other than a person
that holds the securities:
(i) as a fiduciary or agent without sole discretionary power  to  vote
the securities; or
(ii)  solely to secure a debt, if the person has not in fact exercised
the power to vote;
(3) a person whose business is operated by the debtor under a lease or
other agreement, or a person  substantially  all  of  whose  assets  are
controlled by the debtor; or
(4)  a  person  that  operates  the debtor's business under a lease or
other agreement or controls substantially all of the debtor's assets.
(b) "Asset" means property of a debtor, but the term does not include:
(1) property to the extent it is encumbered by a valid lien;
(2) property to the extent it is generally exempt under non-bankruptcy
law; or
(3) an interest in property held in tenancy by  the  entirety  to  the
extent  it  is  not  subject  to  process  by a creditor holding a claim
against only one tenant.
(c) "Claim", except as used in "claim for relief", means  a  right  to
payment,  whether  or  not the right is reduced to judgment, liquidated,
unliquidated,   fixed,   contingent,   matured,   unmatured,   disputed,
undisputed, legal, equitable, secured or unsecured.
(d) "Creditor" means a person that has a claim.
(e) "Debt" means liability on a claim.
(f) "Debtor" means a person that is liable on a claim.
(g)  "Electronic"  means  relating  to  technology  having electrical,
digital,  magnetic,  wireless,  optical,  electromagnetic   or   similar
capabilities.
(h) "Insider" includes:
(1) if the debtor is an individual:
(i) a relative of the debtor or of a general partner of the debtor;
(ii) a partnership in which the debtor is a general partner;
(iii)  a  general  partner  in a partnership described in subparagraph
(ii) of this paragraph; or
(iv) a corporation of which the debtor  is  a  director,  officer,  or
person in control;
(2) if the debtor is a corporation:
(i) a director of the debtor;
(ii) an officer of the debtor;
(iii) a person in control of the debtor;
(iv) a partnership in which the debtor is a general partner;
(v)  a general partner in a partnership described in subparagraph (iv)
of this paragraph; or
(vi) a relative of a general partner, director, officer or  person  in
control of the debtor;
(3) if the debtor is a partnership:
(i) a general partner in the debtor;
(ii)  a  relative  of  a general partner in, a general partner of or a
person in control of the debtor;
(iii) another partnership in which the debtor is a general partner;
(iv) a general partner in  a  partnership  described  in  subparagraph
(iii) of this paragraph; or
(v) a person in control of the debtor;
(4)  an  affiliate,  or an insider of an affiliate as if the affiliate
were the debtor; and
(5) a managing agent of the debtor.
(i) "Lien" means a charge against or an interest in property to secure
payment of a debt or  performance  of  an  obligation,  and  includes  a
security  interest  created  by  agreement,  a judicial lien obtained by
legal or equitable process or  proceedings,  a  common-law  lien,  or  a
statutory lien.
(j) "Organization" means a person other than an individual.
(k)  "Person"  means  an individual, estate, partnership, association,
trust, business or nonprofit entity, public corporation,  government  or
governmental  subdivision,  agency or instrumentality, or other legal or
commercial entity.
(l) "Property" means anything that may be the subject of ownership.
(m) "Record" means information that is inscribed on a tangible  medium
or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in
perceivable form.
(n) "Relative" means an individual related by consanguinity within the
third  degree as determined by the common law, a spouse or an individual
related to a spouse within  the  third  degree  as  so  determined,  and
includes  an  individual  in  an  adoptive relationship within the third
degree.
(o) "Sign" means, with present  intent  to  authenticate  or  adopt  a
record:
(i) to execute or adopt a tangible symbol; or
(ii) to attach to or logically associate with the record an electronic
symbol, sound, or process.
(p)  "Transfer"  means  every  mode,  direct  or indirect, absolute or
conditional, voluntary or involuntary, of disposing of or  parting  with
an  asset  or  an  interest  in an asset, and includes payment of money,
release, lease, license, and creation of a lien or other encumbrance.
(q) "Valid lien" means a lien that is effective against the holder  of
a  judicial  lien subsequently obtained by legal or equitable process or
proceedings.