reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 New York Laws › CNT - County › Article 24 - Provisions Applicable to New York City › 942 - Duty to Furnish Facilities for Courts of Record.

§  942.  Duty to furnish facilities for courts of record. Except where
  other provision is made therefor by law, the board of  estimate  of  the
  city  of New York must provide each court of record in such city and the
  resident judges and justices thereof, with proper and  convenient  rooms
  and  furniture, together with court attendants, fuel, lights, telephone,
  postage and stationery suitable and sufficient for  the  transaction  of
  its business.
2023 New York Laws › CNT - County › Article 24 - Provisions Applicable to New York City › 943 - Representation of Indigent Persons Accused of Crime.

§  943.  Representation  of  indigent  persons  accused  of crime. The
  provisions of sections two hundred twenty-four, seven  hundred  sixteen,
  seven hundred seventeen, seven hundred eighteen, seven hundred nineteen,
  seven  hundred twenty and seven hundred twenty-one of this chapter shall
  apply to the city of New York.
2023 New York Laws › CNT - County › Article 25 - Interpretation of Chapter; Saving Clause; Laws Repealed; Time of Taking Effect › 1000 - Interpretation of Chapter.

§  1000.  Interpretation of chapter. 1. The provisions of this chapter
  shall be liberally construed to effectuate the purposes hereof, and  the
  enumeration  of  specific  powers  in  this chapter shall not operate to
  detract from the meaning of any general grant of power contained in this
  chapter or to exclude other powers comprehended in such general grant of
  power.
2. The provisions of this chapter in so far as they are  substantially
  the  same as the existing law on December thirty-first, nineteen hundred
  fifty, shall be construed as a continuation of  the  provisions  of  the
  former county law and not as new enactments.
3. If any clause, sentence, paragraph, section or part of this chapter
  shall  be adjudged by any court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid,
  such judgment shall not  affect,  impair  or  invalidate  the  remainder
  thereof, but shall be confined in its operation to the clause, sentence,
  paragraph, section, or part thereof directly involved in the controversy
  in which such judgment shall have been rendered.
2023 New York Laws › CNT - County › Article 25 - Interpretation of Chapter; Saving Clause; Laws Repealed; Time of Taking Effect › 1002 - Laws Repealed.

§  1002.  Laws  repealed.  1.  Chapter sixteen of the laws of nineteen
  hundred nine, entitled "An act  in  relation  to  counties  constituting
  chapter  eleven  of  the  consolidated  laws,"  and  all acts amendatory
  thereof  or  supplemental  thereto,  constituting  the  county  law   as
  heretofore  in  force,  are  hereby repealed, except as otherwise herein
  provided.
2. Of the laws enumerated in the schedule hereto annexed, that portion
  specified in the last column is hereby repealed.
2023 New York Laws › CNT - County › Article 25 - Interpretation of Chapter; Saving Clause; Laws Repealed; Time of Taking Effect › 1003 - Time of Taking Effect.

§  1003.  Time  of  taking effect. 1. The provisions of sections three
  hundred fifty, three hundred fifty-one, three hundred  fifty-two,  three
  hundred fifty-three, three hundred fifty-four, three hundred fifty-five,
  three  hundred  fifty-six,  three  hundred  fifty-seven,  three  hundred
  fifty-eight,  three  hundred  fifty-nine,  three  hundred  sixty,  three
  hundred  sixty-one, three hundred sixty-five, three hundred sixty-seven,
  three hundred  sixty-nine,  three  hundred  seventy-one,  three  hundred
  seventy-two,  three  hundred  seventy-three, three hundred seventy-four,
  three hundred seventy-five, three  hundred  seventy-six,  three  hundred
  eighty  and  three  hundred  eighty-one  shall  take  effect July first,
  nineteen hundred fifty.
2. All other provisions of this  chapter  shall  take  effect  January
  first, nineteen hundred fifty-one.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title A - Short Title, Applicability and Definitions › Article 1 - Short Title, Applicability and Definitions › 1.10 - Applicability of Chapter to Actions and Matter Occurring Before and After Effective Date.

§  1.10  Applicability of chapter to actions and matter occurring before
and after effective date.
1.  The provisions of this chapter apply exclusively to:
(a)  All criminal actions and proceedings commenced upon or after  the
effective   date   thereof  and  all  appeals  and  other  post-judgment
proceedings relating or attaching thereto; and
(b)   All matters of criminal procedure  prescribed  in  this  chapter
which  do  not  constitute  a  part  of  any  particular action or case,
occurring upon or after such effective date.
2.  The provisions of this chapter apply to (a) all  criminal  actions
and  proceedings commenced prior to the effective date thereof but still
pending on such date,  and  (b)  all  appeals  and  other  post-judgment
proceedings  commenced upon or after such effective date which relate or
attach to criminal actions and proceedings commenced or concluded  prior
to such effective date; provided that, if application of such provisions
in  any  particular  case would not be feasible or would work injustice,
the provisions of the code of criminal procedure apply thereto.
3.  The provisions of this chapter do not impair or render ineffectual
any proceedings or  procedural  matters  which  occurred  prior  to  the
effective date thereof.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title A - Short Title, Applicability and Definitions › Article 2 - Peace Officers › 2.16 - Watershed Protection and Enforcement Officers; Powers, Duties, Jurisdiction for Arrests.

§  2.16  Watershed  protection and enforcement officers; powers, duties,
jurisdiction for arrests.
1. Watershed protection and enforcement officers appointed by the city
of Peekskill shall have the powers set forth  in  paragraphs  (a),  (b),
(c),  (f),  (g),  and  (h)  of  subdivision  one of section 2.20 of this
article; provided, however, that nothing in this section shall be deemed
to authorize such officer to carry, possess, repair,  or  dispose  of  a
firearm unless the appropriate license therefor has been issued pursuant
to section 400.00 of the penal law. Watershed protection and enforcement
officers  shall  complete the training requirements set forth in section
2.30 of this article.
2. The  city  of  Peekskill  may  appoint  the  following  persons  as
watershed protection and enforcement officers:
(a) the water superintendent;
(b) the deputy assistant to the water superintendent; and
(c) the watershed inspector or inspectors.
3.  The  duties  of  the watershed protection and enforcement officers
shall be to enforce those provisions of the  environmental  conservation
law  and  the  penal  law  which relate to the contamination of water in
those areas of the Hollow Brook watershed located  within  the  city  of
Peekskill,  including  its  reservoirs,  shoreline, and tributaries, and
those areas of the Hollow Brook watershed and Wiccopee reservoir located
outside of  the  city  of  Peekskill  in  the  counties  of  Putnam  and
Westchester, including its reservoirs, shoreline, and tributaries.
4.  Notwithstanding  paragraph  (b)  of  subdivision  thirty-four-a of
section 1.20 of this title and paragraph  (b)  of  subdivision  five  of
section  140.25  of  this  chapter, watershed protection and enforcement
officers are authorized to make arrests and issue appearance tickets  in
those areas of the Hollow Brook watershed and Wiccopee reservoir located
outside  of  the  city  of  Peekskill  in  the  counties  of  Putnam and
Westchester, including along its reservoirs, shoreline, and tributaries.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title B - The Criminal Courts › Article 10 - The Criminal Courts › 10.10 - The Criminal Courts; Enumeration and Definitions.

§ 10.10 The criminal courts; enumeration and definitions.
1.  The  "criminal courts" of this state are comprised of the superior
courts and the local criminal courts.
2. "Superior court" means:
(a) The supreme court; or
(b) A county court.
3. "Local criminal court" means:
(a) A district court; or
(b) The New York City criminal court; or
(c) A city court; or
(d) A town court; or
(e) A village court; or
(f) A supreme court justice sitting as a local criminal court; or
(g) A county judge sitting as a local criminal court.
4. "City court" means any court for a city, other than New York  City,
having  trial  jurisdiction  of  offenses of less than felony grade only
committed within such city, whether such court is entitled a city court,
a municipal court, a police court, a recorder's court or is known by any
other name or title.
5. "Town court." A "town court" is comprised of all the town  justices
of a town.
6. "Village court." A "village court" is comprised of the justice of a
village, or all the justices thereof if there be more than one, or, at a
time  when  he or they are absent, an associate justice of a village who
is authorized to perform the functions of a village justice  during  his
absence.
7.  Notwithstanding  any  other  provision  of  this  section, a court
specified herein which possesses civil as well as criminal  jurisdiction
does  not  act as a criminal court when acting solely in the exercise of
its civil jurisdiction, and an order or determination  made  by  such  a
court  in  its  civil  capacity  is  not  an order or determination of a
criminal court even though it may  terminate  or  otherwise  control  or
affect a criminal action or proceeding.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title B - The Criminal Courts › Article 10 - The Criminal Courts › 10.20 - Superior Courts; Jurisdiction.

§ 10.20 Superior courts; jurisdiction.
1. Superior courts have trial jurisdiction of all offenses. They have:
(a) Exclusive trial jurisdiction of felonies; and
(b)  Trial  jurisdiction  of  misdemeanors concurrent with that of the
local criminal courts; and
(c) Trial jurisdiction of  petty  offenses,  but  only  when  such  an
offense is charged in an indictment which also charges a crime.
2.  Superior courts have preliminary jurisdiction of all offenses, but
they exercise such jurisdiction only by reason of and through the agency
of their grand juries.
3. Superior court judges  may,  in  their  discretion,  sit  as  local
criminal courts for the following purposes:
(a) conducting arraignments, as provided in subdivision two of section
170.15 and subdivision two of section 180.20 of this chapter;
(b)  issuing  warrants  of  arrests, as provided in subdivision one of
section 120.70 of this chapter; and
(c) issuing search warrants, as provided in article six hundred ninety
of this chapter.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title B - The Criminal Courts › Article 10 - The Criminal Courts › 10.30 - Local Criminal Courts; Jurisdiction.

§ 10.30  Local criminal courts; jurisdiction.
1.    Local  criminal  courts  have trial jurisdiction of all offenses
other than felonies.  They have:
(a)  Exclusive trial jurisdiction of petty  offenses  except  for  the
superior  court  jurisdiction  thereof  prescribed  in  paragraph (c) of
subdivision one of section 10.20; and
(b)  Trial jurisdiction of misdemeanors concurrent with  that  of  the
superior  courts but subject to divestiture thereof by the latter in any
particular case.
2.   Local  criminal  courts  have  preliminary  jurisdiction  of  all
offenses  subject  to  divestiture thereof in any particular case by the
superior courts and their grand juries.
3.   Notwithstanding the provisions of  subdivision  one,  a  superior
court  judge  sitting  as  a  local  criminal  court does not have trial
jurisdiction of any offense, but has preliminary jurisdiction  only,  as
provided in subdivision two.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title C - General Principles Relating to Requirements for and Exemptions From Criminal Prosecution › Article 20 - Geographical Jurisdiction of Offenses › 20.10 - Geographical Jurisdiction of Offenses; Definitions of Terms.

§ 20.10  Geographical jurisdiction of offenses; definitions of terms.
The following definitions are applicable to this article:
1.  "This state" means New York State as its boundaries are prescribed
  in the state law, and the space over it.
2.   "County" means any of the sixty-two counties of this state as its
  boundaries are prescribed by law, and the space over it.
3.  "Result of an offense."  When a specific consequence, such as  the
  death of the victim in a homicide case, is an element of an offense, the
  occurrence of such consequence constitutes the "result" of such offense.
  An offense of which a result is an element is a "result offense."
4.    "Particular effect of an offense."  When conduct constituting an
  offense produces consequences which, though not necessarily amounting to
  a result or element of such offense, have a  materially  harmful  impact
  upon  the  governmental  processes  or community welfare of a particular
  jurisdiction,  or  result  in  the  defrauding  of   persons   in   such
  jurisdiction,  such  conduct and offense have a "particular effect" upon
  such jurisdiction.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title C - General Principles Relating to Requirements for and Exemptions From Criminal Prosecution › Article 20 - Geographical Jurisdiction of Offenses › 20.20 - Geographical Jurisdiction of Offenses; Jurisdiction of State.

§ 20.20  Geographical jurisdiction of offenses; jurisdiction of state.
Except  as  otherwise  provided  in  this section and section 20.30, a
person may be convicted in the criminal  courts  of  this  state  of  an
offense  defined  by the laws of this state, committed either by his own
conduct or by the conduct of another for which he is legally accountable
pursuant to section 20.00 of the penal law, when:
1.  Conduct occurred within this state sufficient to establish:
(a)  An element of such offense; or
(b)  An attempt to commit such offense; or
(c)  A conspiracy or criminal solicitation to commit such offense,  or
otherwise  to  establish  the  complicity of at least one of the persons
liable  therefor;  provided  that  the  jurisdiction  accorded  by  this
paragraph   extends   only   to   conviction   of  those  persons  whose
conspiratorial or other  conduct  of  complicity  occurred  within  this
state; or
2.  Even though none of the conduct constituting such offense may have
occurred within this state:
(a)    The  offense  committed  was  a  result  offense and the result
occurred within this state.  If the offense was one of homicide,  it  is
presumed  that  the  result,  namely  the  death of the victim, occurred
within this state if the victim's body  or  a  part  thereof  was  found
herein; or
(b)    The  statute  defining  the  offense is designed to prevent the
occurrence of  a  particular  effect  in  this  state  and  the  conduct
constituting  the  offense  committed  was performed with intent that it
would have such effect herein; or
(c)  The offense committed was an attempt to  commit  a  crime  within
this state; or
(d)    The  offense  committed was conspiracy to commit a crime within
this state and an overt act in furtherance of such  conspiracy  occurred
within this state; or
3.    The offense committed was one of omission to perform within this
state a duty imposed by the laws of this state.   In such  case,  it  is
immaterial  whether  such person was within or outside this state at the
time of the omission.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title C - General Principles Relating to Requirements for and Exemptions From Criminal Prosecution › Article 20 - Geographical Jurisdiction of Offenses › 20.30 - Geographical Jurisdiction of Offenses; Effect of Laws of Other Jurisdictions Upon This State's Jurisdiction.

§  20.30  Geographical jurisdiction of offenses; effect of laws of other
jurisdictions upon this state's jurisdiction.
1.  Notwithstanding the provisions of section  20.20,  the  courts  of
  this  state  do  not have jurisdiction to convict a person of an alleged
  offense partly committed within this state but  consummated  in  another
  jurisdiction,  or  an  offense  of  criminal solicitation, conspiracy or
  attempt in this state to commit a crime in another jurisdiction,  or  an
  offense  of criminal facilitation in this state of a felony committed in
  another jurisdiction, unless the conduct  constituting  the  consummated
  offense  or,  as  the  case  may  be, the conduct constituting the crime
  solicited, conspiratorially contemplated or facilitated, constitutes  an
  offense  under  the laws of such other jurisdiction as well as under the
  laws of this state.
2.  The courts of this state are  not  deprived  of  the  jurisdiction
  accorded them by section 20.20 to convict a person of an offense defined
  by  the laws of this state, partly committed in another jurisdiction but
  consummated in this state, or an offense of  attempt  or  conspiracy  in
  another jurisdiction to commit in this state a crime defined by the laws
  of  this  state,  by  the circumstance that the conduct constituting the
  consummated offense or, as the case  may  be,  the  crime  attempted  or
  conspiratorially  contemplated, does not constitute an offense under the
  laws of such other jurisdiction.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title C - General Principles Relating to Requirements for and Exemptions From Criminal Prosecution › Article 20 - Geographical Jurisdiction of Offenses › 20.50 - Geographical Jurisdiction of Offenses; Jurisdiction of Cities, Towns and Villages.

§  20.50  Geographical jurisdiction of offenses; jurisdiction of cities,
towns and villages.
1.  The principles prescribed in section 20.40, governing geographical
  jurisdiction over offenses as between counties of this state, are, where
  appropriate,   applicable   to   the   determination   of   geographical
  jurisdiction  over offenses as between cities, towns and villages within
  a particular county unless a different determination is required by  the
  provisions of some other express provision of statute.
2.    Where  an  offense  prosecutable  in  a  local criminal court is
  committed in a city other than New York City, or in a town  or  village,
  but within one hundred yards of any other such political subdivision, it
  may be prosecuted in either such political subdivision.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title C - General Principles Relating to Requirements for and Exemptions From Criminal Prosecution › Article 20 - Geographical Jurisdiction of Offenses › 20.60 - Geographical Jurisdiction of Offenses; Communications and Transportation of Property Between Jurisdictions.

§  20.60    Geographical  jurisdiction  of  offenses; communications and
transportation of property between jurisdictions.
For purposes of this article:
1.  An oral or written statement made by a person in one  jurisdiction
  to  a person in another jurisdiction by means of telecommunication, mail
  or any other method of communication is deemed to be made in  each  such
  jurisdiction.
2.    A  person  who  causes  property  to  be  transported  from  one
  jurisdiction to another by means of mail, common carrier  or  any  other
  method is deemed to have personally transported it in each jurisdiction,
  and  if delivery is made in the second jurisdiction he is deemed to have
  personally made such delivery therein.
3. A person who causes by any means the use of a computer or  computer
  service  in one jurisdiction from another jurisdiction is deemed to have
  personally used  the computer or computer service in each jurisdiction.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title C - General Principles Relating to Requirements for and Exemptions From Criminal Prosecution › Article 30 - Timeliness of Prosecutions and Speedy Trial › 30.20 - Speedy Trial; in General.

§ 30.20  Speedy trial; in general.
1.  After a criminal action is commenced, the defendant is entitled to
  a speedy trial.
2.   Insofar as is practicable, the trial of a criminal action must be
  given preference over civil cases; and the trial of  a  criminal  action
  where  the  defendant  has  been committed to the custody of the sheriff
  during the pendency of the criminal action must be given preference over
  other criminal actions.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title C - General Principles Relating to Requirements for and Exemptions From Criminal Prosecution › Article 40 - Exemption From Prosecution by Reason of Previous Prosecution › 40.10 - Previous Prosecution; Definitions of Terms.

§ 40.10 Previous prosecution; definitions of terms.
The following definitions are applicable to this article:
1.    "Offense."    An  "offense" is committed whenever any conduct is
  performed which violates a statutory provision defining an offense;  and
  when  the same conduct or criminal transaction violates two or more such
  statutory provisions each such  violation  constitutes  a  separate  and
  distinct  offense.    The  same  conduct  or  criminal  transaction also
  establishes separate and distinct offenses when, though  violating  only
  one  statutory  provision,  it  results  in death, injury, loss or other
  consequences to two or more victims, and such result is  an  element  of
  the offense as defined.  In such case, as many offenses are committed as
  there are victims.
2.    "Criminal  transaction" means conduct which establishes at least
  one offense, and which is comprised of two or more or a  group  of  acts
  either  (a)  so  closely  related  and  connected  in  point of time and
  circumstance of commission as to constitute a single criminal  incident,
  or  (b)  so  closely  related  in  criminal  purpose  or objective as to
  constitute elements or integral parts of a single criminal venture.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title C - General Principles Relating to Requirements for and Exemptions From Criminal Prosecution › Article 40 - Exemption From Prosecution by Reason of Previous Prosecution › 40.30 - Previous Prosecution; What Constitutes.

§ 40.30  Previous prosecution; what constitutes.
1.    Except  as  otherwise  provided  in  this  section, a person "is
prosecuted" for an offense, within the meaning of section 40.20, when he
is charged therewith by an accusatory instrument filed  in  a  court  of
this state or of any jurisdiction within the United States, and when the
action either:
(a)  Terminates in a conviction upon a plea of guilty; or
(b)    Proceeds  to  the trial stage and a jury has been impaneled and
sworn or, in the case of a trial by the court without a jury, a  witness
is sworn.
2.    Despite  the  occurrence of proceedings specified in subdivision
one, a person is not deemed to have  been  prosecuted  for  an  offense,
within the meaning of section 40.20, when:
(a)    Such  prosecution occurred in a court which lacked jurisdiction
over the defendant or the offense; or
(b)  Such prosecution was for a lesser offense than  could  have  been
charged under the facts of the case, and the prosecution was procured by
the  defendant, without the knowledge of the appropriate prosecutor, for
the purpose of avoiding prosecution for a greater offense.
3.  Despite the occurrence of  proceedings  specified  in  subdivision
one,  if  such  proceedings  are subsequently nullified by a court order
which restores the action to its pre-pleading status or which directs  a
new  trial  of the same accusatory instrument, the nullified proceedings
do not bar further prosecution of such offense under the same accusatory
instrument.
4.  Despite the occurrence of  proceedings  specified  in  subdivision
one,  if  such  proceedings  are subsequently nullified by a court order
which dismisses the accusatory instrument but authorizes the  people  to
obtain  a  new  accusatory  instrument  charging  the same offense or an
offense based upon the same conduct, the nullified  proceedings  do  not
bar  further  prosecution  of  such  offense  under  any  new accusatory
instrument obtained pursuant to such court order or authorization.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title C - General Principles Relating to Requirements for and Exemptions From Criminal Prosecution › Article 40 - Exemption From Prosecution by Reason of Previous Prosecution › 40.40 - Separate Prosecution of Jointly Prosecutable Offenses; When Barred.

§  40.40  Separate  prosecution  of  jointly prosecutable offenses; when
barred.
1.  Where two or more offenses are joinable  in  a  single  accusatory
  instrument  against  a  person  by  reason  of being based upon the same
  criminal transaction, pursuant to paragraph (a) of  subdivision  two  of
  section  200.20,  such person may not, under circumstances prescribed in
  this section, be separately prosecuted for  such  offenses  even  though
  such separate prosecutions are not otherwise barred by any other section
  of this article.
2.    When  (a)  one  of  two  or  more  joinable offenses of the kind
  specified in subdivision one is charged in an accusatory instrument, and
  (b)  another  is  not  charged  therein,  or  in  any  other  accusatory
  instrument  filed in the same court, despite possession by the people of
  evidence legally sufficient to support a conviction of the defendant for
  such  uncharged  offense,  and  (c)  either  a  trial  of  the  existing
  accusatory  instrument is commenced or the action thereon is disposed of
  by a plea of  guilty,  any  subsequent  prosecution  for  the  uncharged
  offense is thereby barred.
3.    When  (a)  two  or more of such offenses are charged in separate
  accusatory instruments filed in the same court, and (b)  an  application
  by  the defendant for consolidation thereof for trial purposes, pursuant
  to subdivision five of section 200.20 or section 100.45,  is  improperly
  denied,  the  commencement  of a trial of one such accusatory instrument
  bars any  subsequent  prosecution  upon  any  of  the  other  accusatory
  instruments with respect to any such offense.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title C - General Principles Relating to Requirements for and Exemptions From Criminal Prosecution › Article 40 - Exemption From Prosecution by Reason of Previous Prosecution › 40.51 - Previous Prosecution: Presidential Reprieve, Pardon or Other Form of Clemency.

§ 40.51 Previous  prosecution:  presidential  reprieve,  pardon or other
form of clemency.
When a person has been granted a reprieve, pardon  or  other  form  of
  clemency for an offense pursuant to the authority granted in section two
  of  article  two  of  the  United  States  constitution,  a  separate or
  subsequent prosecution of an offense is not barred  under  this  article
  when the people demonstrate, by clear and convincing evidence, that:
1.  (a)  such person served in or was employed by the executive branch
  of the government of the United States on the  executive  staff  of  the
  president,  in the executive office of the president, or in an acting or
  confirmed capacity in a position subject to confirmation by  the  United
  States  senate,  at  a  time  when the president granting such reprieve,
  pardon or other form of clemency served as president  or  vice-president
  of  the  United  States;  or  (b) such person was directly or indirectly
  employed by, or acted as  an  agent  of,  the  election,  transition  or
  re-election  campaign of the president granting such reprieve, pardon or
  other form of clemency or any for-profit or not-for-profit entity  owned
  or  controlled  by the president granting such reprieve, pardon or other
  form of clemency; or
2. such person was, at the time the president granted  such  reprieve,
  pardon  or  other form of clemency, related by consanguinity or affinity
  within the sixth degree to the president granting such reprieve,  pardon
  or other form of clemency; or
3.  such  person  bears  accessorial  liability, as defined in section
  20.00 of the penal law, or conspiratorial liability, within the  meaning
  of  article one hundred five of the penal law, for such offense with one
  or more persons described in subdivision one or two of this section; or
4. the president who granted such reprieve, pardon or  other  form  of
  clemency  to  such  person  (a)  was thereby aided in avoiding potential
  prosecution or conviction; (b) knowingly obtained a  benefit  from  such
  offense;  or (c) knowingly obtained a tangible, material benefit from or
  on behalf of such person; or
5. such person possessed or  possesses  information  material  to  the
  determination of any criminal or civil investigation, enforcement action
  or  prosecution of the president granting such reprieve, pardon or other
  form of clemency, or of one or more  persons  described  in  subdivision
  one, two or three of this section.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title C - General Principles Relating to Requirements for and Exemptions From Criminal Prosecution › Article 50 - Compulsion of Evidence by Offer of Immunity › 50.10 - Compulsion of Evidence by Offer of Immunity; Definitions of Terms.

§  50.10  Compulsion  of  evidence  by offer of immunity; definitions of
terms.
The following definitions are applicable to this article:
1.   "Immunity."   A  person  who  has  been  a  witness  in  a  legal
  proceeding,  and  who  cannot,  except  as  otherwise  provided  in this
  subdivision, be convicted of any offense or subjected to any penalty  or
  forfeiture  for  or  on  account  of  any  transaction,  matter or thing
  concerning which he gave evidence therein, possesses "immunity" from any
  such conviction, penalty or forfeiture.   A person  who  possesses  such
  immunity  may nevertheless be convicted of perjury as a result of having
  given false testimony in such legal proceeding, and may be convicted  of
  or  adjudged in contempt as a result of having contumaciously refused to
  give evidence therein.
2.  "Legal proceeding" means a proceeding in or before  any  court  or
  grand  jury,  or  before any body, agency or person authorized by law to
  conduct the same and to administer  the  oath  or  to  cause  it  to  be
  administered.
3.  "Give evidence" means to testify or produce physical evidence.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title C - General Principles Relating to Requirements for and Exemptions From Criminal Prosecution › Article 50 - Compulsion of Evidence by Offer of Immunity › 50.20 - Compulsion of Evidence by Offer of Immunity.

§ 50.20  Compulsion of evidence by offer of immunity.
1.    Any  witness  in  a  legal  proceeding,  other than a grand jury
proceeding, may refuse to give evidence requested of him on  the  ground
that  it  may tend to incriminate him and he may not, except as provided
in subdivision two, be compelled to give such evidence.
2.   Such a witness may be  compelled  to  give  evidence  in  such  a
proceeding   notwithstanding  an  assertion  of  his  privilege  against
self-incrimination if:
(a)  The proceeding is one in which, by express provision of  statute,
a  person  conducting  or  connected  therewith  is declared a competent
authority to confer immunity upon witnesses therein; and
(b)  Such competent authority (i) orders  such  witness  to  give  the
requested  evidence  notwithstanding  his  assertion  of  his  privilege
against self-incrimination, and (ii) advises him that upon so  doing  he
will receive immunity.
3.   A witness who is ordered to give evidence pursuant to subdivision
two and who complies with such order receives immunity.  Such witness is
not deprived of such immunity because such competent authority  did  not
comply  with statutory provisions requiring notice to a specified public
servant of intention to confer immunity.
4.      A  witness  who,  without  asserting  his  privilege   against
self-incrimination,  gives  evidence  in a legal proceeding other than a
grand jury proceeding does not receive immunity.
5.  The rules governing the circumstances in which  witnesses  may  be
compelled  to  give evidence and in which they receive immunity therefor
in a grand jury proceeding are prescribed in section 190.40.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title C - General Principles Relating to Requirements for and Exemptions From Criminal Prosecution › Article 50 - Compulsion of Evidence by Offer of Immunity › 50.30 - Authority to Confer Immunity in Criminal Proceedings; Court a Competent Authority.

§  50.30   Authority to confer immunity in criminal proceedings; court a
competent authority.
In any criminal proceeding, other than a grand  jury  proceeding,  the
  court is a competent authority to confer immunity in accordance with the
  provisions  of  section  50.20, but only when expressly requested by the
  district attorney to do so.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 60 - Rules of Evidence and Related Matters › 60.10 - Rules of Evidence; in General.

§ 60.10  Rules of evidence; in general.
Unless  otherwise  provided  by  statute  or by judicially established
  rules of evidence applicable to criminal cases, the  rules  of  evidence
  applicable  to  civil  cases  are, where appropriate, also applicable to
  criminal proceedings.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 60 - Rules of Evidence and Related Matters › 60.15 - Rules of Evidence; What Witnesses May Be Called.

§ 60.15  Rules of evidence; what witnesses may be called.
1.    Unless  otherwise expressly provided, in any criminal proceeding
  involving a defendant in which evidence is or may be received, both  the
  people  and  the  defendant  may  as  a matter of right call and examine
  witnesses, and each party may cross-examine every witness called by  the
  other party.
2.    A defendant may testify in his own behalf, but his failure to do
  so is not a factor from which any inference unfavorable to  him  may  be
  drawn.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 60 - Rules of Evidence and Related Matters › 60.20 - Rules of Evidence; Testimonial Capacity; Evidence Given by Children.

§  60.20  Rules  of  evidence;  testimonial  capacity; evidence given by
children.
1. Any person may be a witness in a  criminal  proceeding  unless  the
  court  finds  that, by reason of infancy or mental disease or defect, he
  does not possess sufficient intelligence  or  capacity  to  justify  the
  reception of his evidence.
2.  Every witness more than nine years old may testify only under oath
  unless the court is satisfied that such witness cannot, as a  result  of
  mental  disease  or  defect, understand the nature of an oath. A witness
  less than nine years old may not testify under oath unless the court  is
  satisfied  that  he  or  she understands the nature of an oath. If under
  either of the above provisions, a witness is deemed to be ineligible  to
  testify  under  oath,  the witness may nevertheless be permitted to give
  unsworn evidence if the court is satisfied that  the  witness  possesses
  sufficient intelligence and capacity to justify the reception thereof. A
  witness  understands  the nature of an oath if he or she appreciates the
  difference between truth and falsehood, the necessity  for  telling  the
  truth,  and  the  fact  that  a  witness  who  testifies  falsely may be
  punished.
3. A defendant may not be convicted of an offense solely upon  unsworn
  evidence given pursuant to subdivision two.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 60 - Rules of Evidence and Related Matters › 60.22 - Rules of Evidence; Corroboration of Accomplice Testimony.

§ 60.22  Rules of evidence; corroboration of accomplice testimony.
1.  A defendant may not be convicted of any offense upon the testimony
of  an  accomplice  unsupported  by  corroborative  evidence  tending to
connect the defendant with the commission of such offense.
2.   An "accomplice"  means  a  witness  in  a  criminal  action  who,
according  to  evidence  adduced  in  such  action,  may  reasonably  be
considered to have participated in:
(a)  The offense charged; or
(b)  An offense based upon the same or  some  of  the  same  facts  or
conduct which constitute the offense charged.
3.  A witness who is an accomplice as defined in subdivision two is no
less such because a prosecution or conviction of himself would be barred
or  precluded by some defense or exemption, such as infancy, immunity or
previous prosecution, amounting to a collateral  impediment  to  such  a
prosecution  or  conviction,  not  affecting  the  conclusion  that such
witness engaged in the conduct constituting the offense with the  mental
state required for the commission thereof.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 60 - Rules of Evidence and Related Matters › 60.30 - Rules of Evidence; Identification by Means of Previous Recognition, in Addition to Present Identification.

§ 60.30 Rules   of   evidence;   identification  by  means  of  previous
recognition, in addition to present identification.
In any criminal proceeding in which the defendant's commission  of  an
  offense is in issue, a witness who testifies that (a) he or she observed
  the  person claimed by the people to be the defendant either at the time
  and place of the commission of the offense or upon some  other  occasion
  relevant  to the case, and (b) on the basis of present recollection, the
  defendant is the person in question and (c) on a subsequent occasion  he
  or she observed the defendant, or where the observation is made pursuant
  to  a  blind  or  blinded  procedure,  as  defined  in  paragraph (c) of
  subdivision  one  of  section  60.25  of  this  article,  a   pictorial,
  photographic,  electronic,  filmed or video recorded reproduction of the
  defendant, under circumstances consistent with such rights as an accused
  person may derive under the constitution of this state or of the  United
  States,   and  then  also  recognized  him  or  her  or  the  pictorial,
  photographic, electronic, filmed or video recorded reproduction  of  him
  or  her  as  the same person whom he or she had observed on the first or
  incriminating occasion, may, in addition to making an identification  of
  the  defendant  at  the  criminal  proceeding  on  the  basis of present
  recollection as the person whom he or  she  observed  on  the  first  or
  incriminating occasion, also describe his or her previous recognition of
  the  defendant  and  testify  that the person whom he or she observed or
  whose pictorial, photographic,  electronic,  filmed  or  video  recorded
  reproduction  he  or  she  observed  on such second occasion is the same
  person whom he or  she  had  observed  on  the  first  or  incriminating
  occasion.  Such  testimony and such pictorial, photographic, electronic,
  filmed or video recorded reproduction constitutes evidence in chief.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 60 - Rules of Evidence and Related Matters › 60.35 - Rules of Evidence; Impeachment of Own Witness by Proof of Prior Contradictory Statement.

§ 60.35  Rules of evidence; impeachment of own witness by proof of prior
contradictory statement.
1.  When, upon examination by the party who called him, a witness in a
  criminal  proceeding  gives  testimony upon a material issue of the case
  which tends to disprove the position  of  such  party,  such  party  may
  introduce  evidence  that  such  witness  has  previously  made either a
  written statement  signed  by  him  or  an  oral  statement  under  oath
  contradictory to such testimony.
2.    Evidence  concerning  a prior contradictory statement introduced
  pursuant to subdivision one may be received  only  for  the  purpose  of
  impeaching  the credibility of the witness with respect to his testimony
  upon the subject, and does not  constitute  evidence  in  chief.    Upon
  receiving  such evidence at a jury trial, the court must so instruct the
  jury.
3.   When a witness  has  made  a  prior  signed  or  sworn  statement
  contradictory  to his testimony in a criminal proceeding upon a material
  issue of the case, but his testimony  does  not  tend  to  disprove  the
  position  of  the  party  who  called  him  and elicited such testimony,
  evidence that the witness made such prior statement is  not  admissible,
  and  such  party  may  not  use  such prior statement for the purpose of
  refreshing the recollection of the witness in a  manner  that  discloses
  its contents to the trier of the facts.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 60 - Rules of Evidence and Related Matters › 60.40 - Rules of Evidence; Proof of Previous Conviction; When Allowed.

§ 60.40  Rules of evidence; proof of previous conviction; when allowed.
1.   If in the course of a criminal proceeding, any witness, including
  a defendant, is properly asked whether he was previously convicted of  a
  specified offense and answers in the negative or in an equivocal manner,
  the party adverse to the one who called him may independently prove such
  conviction.    If in response to proper inquiry whether he has ever been
  convicted of any offense the witness answers in the negative  or  in  an
  equivocal manner, the adverse party may independently prove any previous
  conviction of the witness.
2.   If a defendant in a criminal proceeding, through the testimony of
  a witness called by him, offers evidence  of  his  good  character,  the
  people  may independently prove any previous conviction of the defendant
  for an offense  the  commission  of  which  would  tend  to  negate  any
  character  trait or quality attributed to the defendant in such witness'
  testimony.
3.   Subject to the limitations  prescribed  in  section  200.60,  the
  people  may  prove  that a defendant has been previously convicted of an
  offense when the fact of such previous conviction constitutes an element
  of the offense charged, or proof thereof is otherwise essential  to  the
  establishment of a legally sufficient case.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 60 - Rules of Evidence and Related Matters › 60.42 - Rules of Evidence; Admissibility of Evidence of Victim's Sexual Conduct in Sex Offense Cases.

§  60.42 Rules of evidence; admissibility of evidence of victim's sexual
conduct in sex offense cases.
Evidence of a victim's sexual conduct shall not  be  admissible  in  a
  prosecution for an offense or an attempt to commit an offense defined in
  article  one hundred thirty or in section 230.34 of the penal law unless
  such evidence:
1. proves or tends to prove specific instances of the  victim's  prior
  sexual conduct with the accused; or
2.  proves  or tends to prove that the victim has been convicted of an
  offense under section 230.00 of the penal law within three  years  prior
  to the sex offense which is the subject of the prosecution; or
* 3.  rebuts evidence introduced by the people of the victim's failure
  to engage in  sexual  intercourse,  oral  sexual  conduct,  anal  sexual
  conduct or sexual contact during a given period of time; or
* NB Effective until September 1, 2024
* 3.  rebuts evidence introduced by the people of the victim's failure
  to engage in vaginal sexual contact, oral sexual  contact,  anal  sexual
  contact or sexual contact during a given period of time; or
* NB Effective September 1, 2024
4.  rebuts  evidence introduced by the people which proves or tends to
  prove that the accused is the cause  of  pregnancy  or  disease  of  the
  victim, or the source of semen found in the victim; or
5.  is  determined by the court after an offer of proof by the accused
  outside the hearing of the jury,  or  such  hearing  as  the  court  may
  require,  and a statement by the court of its findings of fact essential
  to its determination, to be relevant and admissible in the interests  of
  justice.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 60 - Rules of Evidence and Related Matters › 60.43 - Rules of Evidence; Admissibility of Evidence of Victim's Sexual Conduct in Non-Sex Offense Cases.

§ 60.43 Rules  of evidence; admissibility of evidence of victim's sexual
conduct in non-sex offense cases.
Evidence of the victim's sexual conduct,  including  the  past  sexual
  conduct  of  a deceased victim, may not be admitted in a prosecution for
  any offense, attempt to commit an offense or  conspiracy  to  commit  an
  offense  defined  in the penal law unless such evidence is determined by
  the court to be relevant and admissible in  the  interests  of  justice,
  after  an  offer  of proof by the proponent of such evidence outside the
  hearing of the jury, or such hearing as the court  may  require,  and  a
  statement  by  the  court  of  its  findings  of  fact  essential to its
  determination.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 60 - Rules of Evidence and Related Matters › 60.44 - Use of Anatomically Correct Dolls.

§ 60.44 Use of anatomically correct dolls.
Any person who is less than sixteen years old may in the discretion of
  the court and where helpful and appropriate, use an anatomically correct
  doll   in  testifying  in  a  criminal  proceeding  based  upon  conduct
  prohibited by article one hundred thirty, article two hundred  sixty  or
  section 255.25, 255.26 or 255.27 of the penal law.
2023 New York Laws › CPL - Criminal Procedure › Part 1 - General Provisions › Title D - Rules of Evidence, Standards of Proof and Related Matters › Article 60 - Rules of Evidence and Related Matters › 60.46 - Rules of Evidence, Family Offense Proceedings in Family Court.

§ 60.46 Rules of evidence, family offense proceedings in family court.
Evidence  of  a  written  or  oral admission or any testimony given by
  either party, or evidence  derived  therefrom,  in  a  proceeding  under
  article  eight of the family court act without the benefit of counsel in
  such proceeding  may  not  be  received  into  evidence  in  a  criminal
  proceeding  except  for  the  purposes  of impeachment unless such party
  waives the right to counsel on  the  record.  Nothing  herein  shall  be
  deemed to prohibit any testimony or exhibits received into evidence in a
  criminal  proceeding, or any orders, decisions or judgments arising from
  such proceeding from being received  into  evidence  in  any  proceeding
  under article eight of the family court act.