2023 New Mexico Statutes › Chapter 55 - Uniform Commercial Code › Article 9 - Secured Transactions › Part 2 - EFFECTIVENESS OF SECURITY AGREEMENT; ATTACHMENT OF SECURITY INTEREST; RIGHTS OF PARTIES TO SECURITY AGREEMENT › Subpart 1 - EFFECTIVENESS AND ATTACHMENT › Section 55-9-205 - Use or disposition of collateral permissible.

(a) A security interest is not invalid or fraudulent against creditors solely because:
(1) the debtor has the right or ability to:
(A) use, commingle or dispose of all or part of the collateral, including returned or repossessed goods;
(B) collect, compromise, enforce or otherwise deal with collateral;
(C) accept the return of collateral or make repossessions; or
(D) use, commingle or dispose of proceeds; or
(2) the secured party fails to require the debtor to account for proceeds or replace collateral.
(b) This section does not relax the requirements of possession if attachment, perfection or enforcement of a security interest depends upon possession of the collateral by the secured party.
History:
1978 Comp., § 55-9-205, enacted by Laws 2001, ch. 139, § 15.
OFFICIAL COMMENTS
UCC Official Comments by ALI & the NCCUSL. Reproduced with permission of the PEB for the UCC. All rights reserved.
1. Source. Former section 9-205.
2. Validity of Unrestricted "Floating Lien." This article expressly validates the "floating lien" on shifting collateral.
See
sections 9-201, 9-204, and comment 2. This section provides that a security interest is not invalid or fraudulent by reason of the debtor's liberty to dispose of the collateral without being required to account to the secured party for proceeds or substitute new collateral. As did former section 9-205, this section repeals the rule of
Benedict v. Ratner
, 268 U.S. 353 (1925), and other cases which held such arrangements void as a matter of law because the debtor was given unfettered dominion or control over collateral. The Benedict rule did not effectively discourage or eliminate security transactions in inventory and receivables. Instead, it forced financing arrangements to be self-liquidating. Although this section repeals Benedict, the filing and other perfection requirements (
see
part 3, subpart 2, and part 5) provide for public notice that overcomes any potential misleading effects of a debtor's use and control of collateral. Moreover, nothing in this section prevents the debtor and secured party from agreeing to procedures by which the secured party polices or monitors collateral or to restrictions on the debtor's dominion. However, this article leaves these matters to agreement based on business considerations, not on legal requirements.
3. Possessory Security Interests. Subsection (b) makes clear that this section does not relax the requirements for perfection by possession under section 9-315. If a secured party allows the debtor access to and control over collateral its security interest may be or become unperfected.
4. Permissible Freedom for Debtor to Enforce Collateral. Former section 9-205 referred to a debtor's "liberty . . to collect or compromise accounts or chattel paper." This section recognizes the broader rights of a debtor to "enforce," as well as to "collect" and "compromise" collateral. This section's reference to collecting, compromising, and enforcing "collateral" instead of "accounts or chattel paper" contemplates the many other types of collateral that a debtor may wish to "collect, compromise, or enforce":
E.g.
, deposit accounts, documents, general intangibles, instruments, investment property, and letter-of-credit rights.
ANNOTATIONS
Repeals and reenactments.
— Laws 2001, ch. 139, § 15 repealed former 55-9-205 NMSA 1978, as amended by Laws 1985, ch. 193, § 15, and enacted a new section, effective July 1, 2001.
Law reviews.
— For article, "Attachment in New Mexico - Part I," see 1 Nat. Resources J. 303 (1961).
Am. Jur. 2d, A.L.R. and C.J.S. references. —
Forfeiture by innocent vendor of articles sold conditionally and used by vendee in violation of law, 2 A.L.R. 1596.
Statutes relating specifically to selling personal property previously sold under conditional sale, 33 A.L.R. 853, 56 A.L.R. 1217.
Validity of chattel mortgage where mortgagor is given right to sell, 73 A.L.R. 236.
Chattel mortgagee's consent to sale of mortgaged property as waiver of lien, 97 A.L.R. 646.
Recovery by conditional seller or buyer, or person standing in his shoes, against third person for damage or destruction of property, 67 A.L.R.2d 582.