reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 New York Laws › PML - Racing, Pari-Mutuel Wagering and Breeding Law › Article 13 - Destination Resort Gaming › Title 8 - Miscellaneous Provisions › 1365 - Conservatorship.

§  1365. Conservatorship. 1. Upon revocation or suspension of a gaming
  facility license or upon the  failure  or  refusal  to  renew  a  gaming
  facility   license,   the   commission  may  appoint  a  conservator  to
  temporarily manage and operate  the  business  of  the  gaming  licensee
  relating  to  the gaming facility. Such conservator shall be a person of
  similar experience in the field of gaming management and, in the case of
  replacing a gaming facility licensee, shall have experience operating  a
  gaming facility of similar caliber in another jurisdiction, and shall be
  in  good standing in all jurisdictions in which the conservator operates
  a gaming facility. Upon appointment, a conservator shall  agree  to  all
  licensing provisions of the former gaming licensee.
2.  A  conservator  shall,  before assuming, managerial or operational
  duties, execute and file a bond for  the  faithful  performance  of  its
  duties  payable  to the commission with such surety and in such form and
  amount as the commission shall approve.
3. The commission shall require that the former  or  suspended  gaming
  licensee  purchase  liability  insurance, in an amount determined by the
  commission, to protect a conservator from  liability  for  any  acts  or
  omissions  of the conservator during the conservator's appointment which
  are reasonably related to and within  the  scope  of  the  conservator's
  duties.
4.  During  the period of temporary management of the gaming facility,
  the commission shall initiate proceedings under this article to award  a
  new  gaming  facility  license  to  a  qualified  applicant whose gaming
  facility shall  be  located  at  the  site  of  the  preexisting  gaming
  facility.
5.  An  applicant for a new gaming facility license shall be qualified
  for licensure under this article; provided, however, that the commission
  shall determine an appropriate level of investment by an applicant  into
  the preexisting gaming facility.
6.  Upon  award  of  a  new  gaming  facility  license, the new gaming
  facility licensee shall pay the original licensing  fee  required  under
  this article.
2023 New York Laws › PML - Racing, Pari-Mutuel Wagering and Breeding Law › Article 13 - Destination Resort Gaming › Title 8 - Miscellaneous Provisions › 1366 - Zoning.

§  1366.  Zoning.  Notwithstanding  any inconsistent provision of law,
  gaming authorized at a location pursuant to this article shall be deemed
  an approved activity for such location under the relevant city,  county,
  town, or village land use or zoning ordinances, rules, or regulations.
2023 New York Laws › PML - Racing, Pari-Mutuel Wagering and Breeding Law › Article 14 - Interactive Fantasy Sports › 1400 - Legislative Findings and Purpose.

§  1400.  Legislative  findings and purpose. 1. The legislature hereby
finds and declares that:
(a) Interactive fantasy sports are not games of  chance  because  they
consist  of  fantasy or simulation sports games or contests in which the
fantasy or simulation sports teams are selected based upon the skill and
knowledge of the participants and not based on the current membership of
an actual team that is a member of an  amateur  or  professional  sports
organization;
(b)  Interactive  fantasy  sports  contests  are  not wagers on future
contingent events  not  under  the  contestants'  control  or  influence
because  contestants have control over which players they choose and the
outcome of each contest is not dependent upon the performance of any one
player or any one actual team. The outcome of any fantasy sports contest
does not correspond to the outcome of any one sporting  event.  Instead,
the  outcome  depends  on  how the performances of participants' fantasy
roster choices compare to the performance of others' roster choices.
2. Based on the findings in  subdivision  one  of  this  section,  the
legislature  declares  that interactive fantasy sports do not constitute
gambling in New York state as defined in article two hundred twenty-five
of the penal law.
3. The legislature further finds that as the internet  has  become  an
integral part of society, and interactive fantasy sports a major form of
entertainment   for  many  consumers,  any  interactive  fantasy  sports
enforcement and regulatory structure must begin from the bedrock premise
that participation in a lawful and licensed interactive  fantasy  sports
industry  is  a privilege and not a right, and that regulatory oversight
is intended to safeguard the integrity of the games and participants and
to ensure accountability and the public trust.
2023 New York Laws › PML - Racing, Pari-Mutuel Wagering and Breeding Law › Article 14 - Interactive Fantasy Sports › 1402 - Registration.

§  1402. Registration. 1. (a) No operator shall administer, manage, or
otherwise make available  an  interactive  fantasy  sports  platform  to
persons  located in New York state unless registered with the commission
pursuant to section fourteen hundred three of this article. A registrant
may use multiple interactive fantasy sports platforms and offer multiple
types of contests, provided that each platform and each type of  contest
has  been reviewed and approved by the commission. This article, and any
and all rules and  regulations  adopted  under  the  authority  of  this
article,  shall  apply  only  to interactive fantasy sports contests for
which an authorized player pays an entry fee.
(b) Any operator that was offering contests to persons located in  New
York  state  prior  to  the tenth of November, two thousand fifteen, may
continue to offer contests to persons located in New  York  state  until
such operator's application for registration has been approved or denied
in  accordance  with  section  fourteen  hundred  three of this article,
provided that such operator receives  a  temporary  permit  pursuant  to
subdivision   two   of   this  section  and  files  an  application  for
registration with the commission within ninety days of the  promulgation
of regulations to effectuate this article.
2.  The  commission  shall provide a temporary permit to each operator
that was offering contests pursuant to paragraph (b) of subdivision  one
of  this  section  to  allow  such  operator  to  continue to offer such
contests, on a provisional basis, until such operator's application  for
registration  has  been  approved  or  denied in accordance with section
fourteen hundred three of this  article,  provided  that  such  operator
meets  all  the  requirements  in  section fourteen hundred four of this
article.
3. Registrations issued by the commission shall remain in  effect  for
three years. The commission shall establish a process for renewal.
4.  Interactive  fantasy  sports  contests  offered by a registrant in
accordance with the provisions of  this  article  shall  not  constitute
gambling as defined in article two hundred twenty-five of the penal law.
5.  The commission shall publish a list of all operators registered in
New York state pursuant to this section on the commission's website  for
public use.
6.  The  commission  shall  promulgate  regulations  to  implement the
provisions of this article, including the  development  of  the  initial
form of the application for registration. Such regulations shall provide
for  the  registration  and  operation of contests in New York state and
shall include, but not  be  limited  to,  responsible  protections  with
regard to compulsive play and safeguards for fair play.
2023 New York Laws › PML - Racing, Pari-Mutuel Wagering and Breeding Law › Article 14 - Interactive Fantasy Sports › 1405 - Powers and Duties of the Commission.

§  1405.  Powers and duties of the commission. 1. The commission shall
promulgate regulations to implement the provisions of and effectuate the
policy and objectives  of  this  article  as  the  commission  may  deem
necessary or advisable, including the development of the initial form of
the application for registration. Such regulations shall provide for the
registration  and  operation  of  contests  in  New York state and shall
include, without limitation,  responsible  protections  with  regard  to
compulsive  play  and  safeguards  for  fair  play. Such regulations may
regulate the conduct and operation of contests  and  platforms,  protect
contestants and promote the fairness, honesty and integrity of contests.
2.  The  commission  shall  have  the  following powers and duties for
purposes of administering, regulating, and enforcing the  provisions  of
this article:
(a)  all  powers  and  duties assigned by this article, as well as all
powers necessary and  proper  to  fully  and  effectively  execute  this
article;
(b)  to  approve  and  deny  applications  for registration to conduct
contests in New York state, and to suspend, refuse or renew,  or  revoke
any registration issued to a registrant under this article;
(c) to review and approve each platform and each contest offered by an
operator or registrant;
(d)  to  accept  and  investigate  complaints  of  any  kind  from  an
authorized  player  and  attempt  to  mediate  such   complaints   where
appropriate;
(e) to investigate alleged violations of this article;
(f)  to  initiate  proper enforcement proceedings where such action is
deemed by the commission to be necessary or appropriate; and
(g) all powers and duties assigned by this chapter.
2023 New York Laws › PML - Racing, Pari-Mutuel Wagering and Breeding Law › Article 14 - Interactive Fantasy Sports › 1406 - Annual Report.

§  1406.  Annual  report.  1.  Each registrant shall annually submit a
report to the commission no later than the thirtieth  of  June  of  each
year, which shall include the following information as it shall apply to
accounts held by authorized players located in New York state:
(a) the number of accounts held by authorized players on all platforms
offered  by  the  registrant,  and the number of accounts held by highly
experienced players on all platforms offered by the registrant;
(b) the total number of new  accounts  established  in  the  preceding
year,  as well as the total number of accounts permanently closed in the
preceding year;
(c) the total amount of entry fees received from authorized players;
(d) the total amount of prizes awarded to authorized players;
(e) the total amount of interactive fantasy sports revenue received by
the registrant;
(f) the total number of authorized players that requested  to  exclude
themselves from contests;
(g)  any additional information that the commission deems necessary to
carry out the provisions of this article.
2. Upon the submission of such annual report, to such extent that  the
commission  deems  it to be in the public interest, the commission shall
be authorized to conduct a financial audit of  any  registrant,  at  any
time, to ensure compliance with this article.
3.  The  commission  shall  annually  publish  a  report  based on the
aggregate  information  provided  by   all   registrants   pursuant   to
subdivision  one  of  this  section,  which  shall  be  published on the
commission's website no later than one hundred  eighty  days  after  the
deadline  for  the  submission  of  individual  reports  as specified in
subdivision one of this section.
2023 New York Laws › PML - Racing, Pari-Mutuel Wagering and Breeding Law › Article 14 - Interactive Fantasy Sports › 1407 - State Tax.

§ 1407. State tax. For the privilege of conducting interactive fantasy
  sports  contests in the state, registrants shall pay a tax equivalent to
  fifteen percent  of  their  interactive  fantasy  sports  gross  revenue
  generated  within  the  state;  in addition, registrants shall pay a tax
  equal to one-half of one percent,  but  not  to  exceed  fifty  thousand
  dollars annually.
2023 New York Laws › PML - Racing, Pari-Mutuel Wagering and Breeding Law › Article 14 - Interactive Fantasy Sports › 1408 - Additional Regulatory Costs.

§  1408.  Additional  regulatory  costs.  The  commission  may  assess
  annually, in arrears, on each registrant proportional to the interactive
  fantasy sports gross revenue of such registrant in  the  preceding  year
  compared  to  the  aggregate interactive fantasy sports gross revenue of
  all registrants in the preceding year actual costs necessary to regulate
  in accordance with the provisions  of  this  article.  Such  assessments
  shall be made only within amounts appropriated therefor.
2023 New York Laws › PML - Racing, Pari-Mutuel Wagering and Breeding Law › Article 14 - Interactive Fantasy Sports › 1409 - Disposition of Taxes.

§  1409.  Disposition  of  taxes. 1. The commission shall pay into the
  state lottery fund all taxes imposed by this article; any  interest  and
  penalties  imposed  by  the  commission  relating  to  those  taxes; all
  penalties levied and collected by the commission;  and  the  appropriate
  funds, cash or prizes forfeited from interactive fantasy sports.
2.  The  commission  shall  require  at  least monthly deposits by the
  interactive fantasy sports operator of any payments pursuant to  section
  fourteen  hundred  seven  of  this  article,  at  such times, under such
  conditions, and in such depositories as shall be prescribed by the state
  comptroller. The deposits shall be deposited to the credit of the  state
  lottery  fund.  The  commission  shall  require  a  monthly  report  and
  reconciliation statement to be filed with it on or before the tenth  day
  of  each month, with respect to gross revenues and deposits received and
  made, respectively, during the preceding month.
2023 New York Laws › PML - Racing, Pari-Mutuel Wagering and Breeding Law › Article 14 - Interactive Fantasy Sports › 1410 - Determination of Tax Liability.

§  1410.  Determination  of  tax liability. The commission may perform
  audits of the  books  and  records  of  an  interactive  fantasy  sports
  operator  with a permit or registrant, at such times and intervals as it
  deems appropriate, for the purpose of determining the sufficiency of tax
  payments. If a return required with regard to obligations imposed is not
  filed, or if a return when filed or is determined by the  commission  to
  be incorrect or insufficient with or without an audit, the amount of tax
  due  shall be determined by the commission. Notice of such determination
  shall be given to the interactive fantasy sports operator liable for the
  payment of the tax. Such determination shall finally and irrevocably fix
  the tax unless the person against whom it  is  assessed,  within  thirty
  days  after  receiving  notice of such determination, shall apply to the
  commission for a hearing in  accordance  with  the  regulations  of  the
  commission.
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 1 - Short Title › 2 - Definitions.

§  2.  Definitions.  As  used  in  this  chapter,  unless  the context
otherwise requires:
(1) "Commissioner of transportation", "Commissioner"  or  "commission"
means the state commissioner of transportation.
(2)  "Certificate  of  incorporation" and "bonds" have the meaning set
forth in section one hundred two of the business corporation law.
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 2 - Organization, General Powers and Location › 5 - Incorporation.

§  5.  Incorporation.  A railroad corporation may be formed under this
  chapter for the purpose of owning or operating  a  railroad  for  public
  use,  in accordance with the procedure for the formation of corporations
  set forth in article four of the business corporation law, by delivering
  to the department of state for filing  a  certificate  of  incorporation
  entitled  "Certificate  of  incorporation  of  ... (name of corporation)
  pursuant to section five of the railroad law".
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 2 - Organization, General Powers and Location › 6 - Applicability of Business Corporation Law to Railroad Corporations.

§   6.   Applicability   of   business  corporation  law  to  railroad
corporations. (a) The business corporation law applies to a  corporation
heretofore  or  hereafter  formed under this chapter, or under any other
statute or special act of this state,  or  under  laws  other  than  the
statutes of this state, which has as its purpose or among its purposes a
purpose for which a corporation may be formed under this chapter, except
that in case of a conflict between the business corporation law and this
chapter the provisions of this chapter shall govern. If there is in this
chapter  a  provision  relating  to  a  matter  embraced in the business
corporation law and not in conflict  therewith,  both  provisions  shall
apply.  Any  corporation  to  which the business corporation law is made
applicable  by  this  section  shall  be  treated  as  a  "corporation",
"domestic corporation", or "foreign corporation", as such terms are used
in  the business corporation law, except that the purposes for which any
such corporation may be formed under section five of this chapter  shall
not thereby be extended.
(b) For the purpose of this section and elsewhere in this chapter, the
effective  date  of  the  business corporation law as to corporations to
which the business corporation law is made applicable  by  this  section
shall be September first, nineteen hundred sixty-four.
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 2 - Organization, General Powers and Location › 9 - Certificate of Convenience and Necessity.

§ 9. Certificate of convenience and necessity. No railroad corporation
  formed  after May eighteenth, eighteen hundred and ninety-two, under the
  laws of this state shall exercise the powers conferred by law upon  such
  corporations  or  begin the construction of its road until the directors
  shall cause a copy of the original certificate of  incorporation  to  be
  published  in one or more newspapers in each county in which the road is
  proposed to be located, at least once a week for three successive weeks,
  and shall file satisfactory proof thereof  with  the  commissioner;  nor
  until  the commissioner shall certify that the foregoing conditions have
  been complied with, and also that public  convenience  and  a  necessity
  require   the   construction  of  said  railroad  as  proposed  in  said
  certificate of incorporation. The foregoing certificate shall be applied
  for  within  six  months  after  the  completion  of  the  three  weeks'
  publication  hereinbefore  provided  for. If a certificate is refused no
  further proceedings shall be  had  before  said  commissioner,  but  the
  application may be renewed after one year from the date of such refusal.
  Prior  to  granting  or refusing said certificate the commissioner shall
  have a right to permit errors, omissions or defects to be  supplied  and
  corrected.  After  a  refusal to grant such certificate the commissioner
  shall certify a copy of all maps and papers on file in its office and of
  the findings of the commissioner when  so  requested  by  the  directors
  aforesaid.  Such  directors  may  thereupon  present  the  same  to  the
  appellate division of the supreme court of the department  within  which
  said  road  is  proposed in whole or in part to be constructed, and said
  appellate division shall have power, in its discretion,  to  order  said
  commissioner,  for  reasons  stated,  to  issue said certificate, and it
  shall be issued accordingly. Such certificate  shall  be  filed  in  the
  office of the department of state, and a copy thereof, certified to be a
  copy  by the secretary of state, or his deputy, shall be evidence of the
  fact therein stated. Nothing in this  section  shall  prevent  any  such
  railroad  corporation from causing such examinations and surveys for its
  proposed railroad to be made as may be necessary to the selection of the
  most advantageous route; and for such purpose by its officers or  agents
  and  servants,  entering  upon  the  lands  or  water of any person, but
  subject to the responsibility  for  all  damages  which  shall  be  done
  thereto.    The  certificate  provided  for  in  this  section shall not
  dispense with the permission and approval provided for  in  section  one
  hundred twenty-seven of the transportation law.
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 2 - Organization, General Powers and Location › 18 - Railroads Through Public Lands.

§  18.  Railroads  through  public  lands. The commissioner of general
  services may grant to any domestic or foreign railroad corporation  land
  belonging  to the people of the state, except the reservation at Niagara
  and the Concourse lands on Coney Island, which may be required  for  the
  purposes  of  its road on such terms as may be agreed upon by them; or a
  domestic railroad corporation may acquire title thereto by condemnation;
  and the county or town officers having charge of any land  belonging  to
  any county or town, required for a domestic railroad corporation for the
  purposes  of  its  road, may grant such land to the corporation for such
  compensation as may be agreed upon. In  case  the  land  or  any  right,
  interest or easement therein, required by a domestic or foreign railroad
  corporation  is  used  for  prison  purposes the commissioner of general
  services may grant  such  land,  or  any  right,  interest  or  easement
  therein,  provided the plans of such railroad corporation for the use of
  such prison lands, or such right, interest or easement therein, have the
  approval of the commissioner of corrections and community supervision.
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 2 - Organization, General Powers and Location › 19 - Railroads Through Indian Lands.

§  19.  Railroads  through  Indian lands. Any railroad corporation may
  contract with the chiefs of any nation of Indians, over whose  lands  it
  may  be  necessary to construct its railroad, for the right to make such
  road  upon  such  lands,  but  such  contract  shall  not  vest  in  the
  corporation  the  fee  to the land, nor the right to occupy the same for
  any purposes other than may be necessary for the construction, occupancy
  and maintenance of such railroad, and such contract shall not  be  valid
  or  effectual  until  it  shall  be  ratified by the county court of the
  county where the land shall be situated.
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 2 - Organization, General Powers and Location › 20 - Railroads Through Chautauqua Assembly Grounds.

§  20.  Railroads  through  Chautauqua  assembly  grounds. No railroad
  corporation shall build, construct or operate  any  railroad  in,  upon,
  over  or  through the grounds, lands or premises owned by the Chautauqua
  assembly corporation in the town and county of Chautauqua,  without  the
  written  consent of a majority of the board of trustees of such assembly
  corporation.
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 2 - Organization, General Powers and Location › 22 - Proceedings to Determine Point at Which a New Railroad Shall Intersect One Already Established; Compensation; Duties of Intersecting Roads.

§  22.  Proceedings  to  determine point at which a new railroad shall
  intersect one already established; compensation; duties of  intersecting
  roads. Every railroad corporation, whose road is or shall be intersected
  by  any  new  railroad, shall unite with the corporation owning such new
  railroad in forming the necessary  intersections  and  connections,  and
  grant the requisite facilities therefor. If the two corporations can not
  agree  upon  the  amount of compensation to be made therefor or upon the
  line or lines, grade or grades, points or manner of  such  intersections
  and  connections,  the  same  shall be ascertained and determined by the
  supreme court.    The  court  may  determine  whether  the  crossing  or
  crossings  of  any railroad before construction shall be beneath, at, or
  above the existing grade of such railroad, and upon the route designated
  upon the map of the corporation seeking the crossing or  otherwise.  All
  railroad  corporations whose roads are or shall hereafter be so crossed,
  intersected or joined, shall receive from  each  other  and  forward  to
  their destination all goods, merchandise and other property intended for
  points  on  their  respective roads, with the same dispatch as, and at a
  rate of freight not exceeding the local tariff rate charged for  similar
  goods, merchandise and other property, received at or forwarded from the
  same point for individuals and other corporations.
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 2 - Organization, General Powers and Location › 23 - Highway Exempted.

§  23.  Highway exempted. No railroad shall be constructed, maintained
  or operated and no railroad tracks shall be laid  upon  the  state  road
  known  as  the  Buffalo  and White's Corners plank-road in the county of
  Erie, where none now exists, excepting such as may be  necessarily  laid
  for  the  purpose  only of crossing said highway. The provisions of this
  section shall not affect any consents granted prior  to  the  eighteenth
  day  of April, nineteen hundred and five, or any rights acquired for the
  construction of any such railroad.
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 2 - Organization, General Powers and Location › 32 - Individual, Joint-Stock Association, or Other Corporation May Lay Down and Maintain Railroad Tracks in Certain Cases.

§  32.  Individual,  joint-stock association, or other corporation may
  lay down and maintain railroad tracks in certain cases. Any  individual,
  joint-stock  association  or corporation, engaged in any lawful business
  in this state, may, except in any  city  of  the  state,  lay  down  and
  maintain  such  railroad  tracks on or across any street or highway, not
  exceeding  three  miles  in  length,  as  shall  be  necessary  for  the
  transaction  of its business, and to connect any place of business owned
  by them with the track of any  railroad  corporation,  and  render  such
  place  of  business  more  accessible  to the public, upon obtaining the
  written consent of the owners of all the lands bounded  on  and  of  the
  local  authorities  having  control  of  that  portion  of the street or
  highway, upon  which  it  is  proposed  to  construct  or  operate  such
  railroad.  If  the  consent of such property owners can not be obtained,
  the appellate division of the supreme court of the department  in  which
  such  railroad  is to be constructed, may upon application appoint three
  commissioners, who shall determine,  after  a  hearing  of  all  parties
  interested,  whether  such railroad ought to be constructed or operated,
  and the amount of damages, if any, to be paid to such  property  owners,
  and  their  determination confirmed by the court may be taken in lieu of
  the consent of the property owners. But no such  railroad  shall  be  so
  located,  graded, built or operated as to interfere with or obstruct the
  traveled part of any highway, or its use as a highway, or the use of any
  street or highway intersecting the same.
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 2 - Organization, General Powers and Location › 34 - Substituted Lines in Certain Cases.

§  34.  Substituted lines in certain cases. Where a portion of a steam
  surface railroad or branch thereof, shall be specifically authorized  by
  statute  to  be  taken  for  any other public use, and such portion lies
  wholly outside of any city, any corporation  owning  or  operating  such
  portion  may locate, as provided in section sixteen of this article, and
  may construct and operate, in substitution for such  portion,  and  with
  proper  connections  with  the  former line, a new line of steam surface
  railroad, wholly or partly in the same  or  any  adjoining  county,  and
  wholly  outside  of  any  city,  and  not exceeding twenty-five miles in
  length, in the manner, with the powers and subject  to  the  limitations
  and  requirements provided in this chapter with respect to steam surface
  railroads.
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 3 - Construction, Operation and Management › 50 - Liability of Corporation to Employees of Contractor.

§  50.  Liability of corporation to employees of contractor. An action
  may be maintained against any railroad corporation by  any  laborer  for
  the  amount due him from any contractor for the construction of any part
  of its road, for ninety or any less number of days' labor  performed  by
  him  in  constructing  such  road,  if  within  twenty days thereafter a
  written notice shall have been served  upon  the  corporation,  and  the
  action  shall  have  been commenced after the expiration of ten days and
  within six months after the service of such notice, which shall  contain
  a  statement  of  the month and particular days upon which the labor was
  performed and for which it was unpaid, the price  per  day,  the  amount
  due,  the  name  of  the  contractor from whom due, and the section upon
  which performed, and shall be signed by the laborer or his attorney  and
  verified  by  him to the effect that of his own knowledge the statements
  contained in it are true. The notice shall be served by  delivering  the
  same  to  an  engineer,  agent  or  superintendent  having charge of the
  section of the road, upon which the labor was performed, personally,  or
  by  leaving it at his office or usual place of business with some person
  of suitable age or discretion; and if the corporation has no such agent,
  engineer or superintendent, or in case he can not be found  and  has  no
  place  of  business  open,  service  may  in  like manner be made on any
  officer or director of the corporation.
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 3 - Construction, Operation and Management › 51 - Weight of Rail.

§  51.  Weight  of  rail.  The  rail  used  in the construction or the
  relaying of the track of every railroad hereafter  built  or  relaid  in
  whole  or  in  part  shall  be  of iron or steel, weighing not less than
  twenty-five pounds to the lineal yard on narrow-gauge roads, and on  all
  other  roads not less than fifty-six pounds to the lineal yard on grades
  of one hundred and ten feet to the mile or  under,  and  not  less  than
  seventy  pounds to the lineal yard on grades of over one hundred and ten
  feet to the mile, except for turnouts, sidings and switches.
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 3 - Construction, Operation and Management › 52-A - Fences Along Road Operated by Electric Third Rail.

§   52-a.   Fences   along  road  operated  by  electric  third  rail.
  Notwithstanding the provisions of section fifty-two or of any other law,
  general or special, within a city containing a population  of  over  one
  million  inhabitants  according  to the last preceding federal census or
  state enumeration,  every  railroad  corporation  operating  a  railroad
  deriving  its motive power in whole or in part from an electrified third
  rail shall erect and thereafter maintain a fence  or  fences  along  the
  boundary  line  of  its right of way contiguous and adjacent to a public
  highway running generally parallel to or terminating  at  such  boundary
  line  whenever  the  commissioner  of  transportation after a hearing on
  notice to such railroad corporation shall determine it to  be  necessary
  for  the  public  welfare and shall by order so direct. The order of the
  commissioner  of  transportation  may  prescribe  the  height,   length,
  materials and design of such fence or fences.
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 3 - Construction, Operation and Management › 52-B - Fences Along Right of Way.

§  52-b.  Fences along right of way. Notwithstanding the provisions of
  sections fifty-two, fifty-two-a, or fifty-two-c or  of  any  other  law,
  general   or   special,  every  railroad  corporation  shall  erect  and
  thereafter maintain a fence or fences along the  boundary  line  of  its
  right of way whenever the commissioner of transportation after a hearing
  on  notice  to  such  railroad  corporation  shall  determine  it  to be
  necessary for the public welfare and shall by order so direct. The order
  of the commissioner of transportation may prescribe the height,  length,
  materials and design of such fence or fences.
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 3 - Construction, Operation and Management › 52-C - Fences in Queens County.

§  52-c.  Fences  in  Queens county. Notwithstanding the provisions of
  section fifty-two or of any other law, general or special, within Queens
  county every railroad corporation operating a railroad shall  erect  and
  thereafter  maintain  a  fence  or fences along the boundary line of its
  right of way  contiguous  and  adjacent  to  a  public  highway  running
  generally  parallel to or terminating at such boundary line whenever the
  commissioner of  transportation  after  a  hearing  on  notice  to  such
  railroad  corporation  shall determine it to be necessary for the public
  welfare and shall by order so direct. The order of the  commissioner  of
  transportation may prescribe the height, length, materials and design of
  such fence or fences.
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 3 - Construction, Operation and Management › 52-D - Debris to Be Cleared.

§  52-d.  Debris to be cleared. Every railroad shall maintain and keep
  clear of debris  the  margins  alongside  their  yard  tracks  used  for
  switching  operations  where  railroad employees are required to walk in
  the course of their duties. Such margins constitute the area between the
  ends of the ties and a distance of nine  feet  on  either  side  of  the
  center  line  of any track in any yard. In addition, each railroad shall
  keep the area around any switch in any such yard, clear of debris for  a
  distance  of  nine  feet on either side of the center line of any tracks
  wherein any such switch is located. Such debris shall include but not be
  limited to used or discarded brake shoes, air hoses, railroad  ties,  or
  portions thereof, parts of railroad cars or locomotives, lumber and oil,
  grease  or  waste  of  any type. Debris does not include track materials
  being placed on or removed from tracks under maintenance or  replacement
  programs concerning which the railroad has notified its employees of the
  presence and location of such materials.
Upon  the  filing  by  a  recognized railroad labor representative, as
  defined by the railway labor act, of a written, verified complaint  with
  the  railroad  superintendent  of  the  division  involved  and with the
  department of transportation, designating the nature of the  debris  and
  the  particular area or location where any of the above described debris
  has existed for a period of at least seventy-two hours. Upon receipt  of
  such  verified complaint the superintendent of the division shall advise
  the complainant as well as the department of transportation  within  ten
  days  as to the specific remedies or actions said superintendent intends
  to take to resolve the complaint. If the superintendent takes  issue  or
  disagrees  with  the verified complaint filed by the designated railroad
  labor  representative  he  shall  within  ten  days   so   notify   said
  representative  and  the department of transportation. The department of
  transportation shall be allowed a period of fifteen  days  to  determine
  the veracity of said complaint. If the complaint proves to be correct as
  verified by the department of transportation inspector the department of
  transportation  shall  then  issue  appropriate  orders  to the railroad
  specifying that the conditions be rectified within ten days. At the  end
  of  the  tenth  day  if  the  conditions still persist the department of
  transportation shall be empowered to fine the railroad the sum of  fifty
  dollars per day until such time as the complaint has been rectified.
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 3 - Construction, Operation and Management › 52-E - Penalties for Littering.

§  52-e.  Penalties  for littering. 1. No person shall throw, dump, or
  cause to be thrown, dumped, deposited or placed  upon  any  railroad  or
  subway  tracks, or within the limits of the right of way of any railroad
  or subway, any refuse, trash, garbage, rubbish, litter or  any  nauseous
  or  offensive  matter.  For  purposes of this section, the term "subway"
  shall mean all rail rapid transit systems operated by the New York  city
  transit  authority  including  but  not limited to track and track beds,
  passenger stations, tunnels,  elevated  structures,  yards,  depots  and
  shops.
2.  Where  a  highway  or road lies in whole or part within a railroad
  right of way, nothing in this section shall be construed as  prohibiting
  the  use  in  a reasonable manner of ashes, sand, salt or other material
  for the purpose of reducing the hazard  of,  or  providing  traction  on
  snow, ice or sleet situated on such highway or road.
3.  A  violation  of the provisions of subdivision one of this section
  shall be punishable by a fine not to exceed two  hundred  fifty  dollars
  and/or  a requirement to perform services for a public or not-for-profit
  corporation, association, institution or  agency  not  to  exceed  eight
  hours and for any second or subsequent violation by a fine not to exceed
  five  hundred  dollars  and/or  a  requirement to perform services for a
  public or not-for-profit corporation, association, institution or agency
  not to exceed eight hours.
4. Fines collected pursuant to subdivision three of  this  section  on
  subway  tracks  or subway rights-of-way shall be deposited to the credit
  of the New York subway littering prevention fund established pursuant to
  section ninety-seven-uuu of the state finance law, and shall be used  by
  the  New  York city transit authority to post signs notifying the public
  of the maximum fine for a violation of subdivision one of this section.
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 3 - Construction, Operation and Management › 53 - Sign Boards, Flagmen and Gates at Crossings.

§  53. Sign boards, flagmen and gates at crossings.  1. Every railroad
  corporation shall cause a sign board to be placed,  well  supported  and
  constantly  maintained, at every crossing where its road is crossed by a
  public highway at grade. Such sign board shall be of a shape and  design
  to  be  approved  by  the commissioner of transportation, and shall have
  suitable words painted thereon to warn travelers  of  the  existence  of
  such grade crossing. The commissioner of transportation shall have power
  to  prescribe  the  location and elevation of such sign and the words of
  warning thereon. The commissioner of transportation  may  dispense  with
  the  use  of  such  sign boards at such crossings as he may designate in
  cities and villages. At any point where a  steam  or  electric  railroad
  operating upon private right of way crosses a street, highway, turnpike,
  plankroad, or traveled way at grade, the corporation owning or operating
  such  steam  or electric railroad must upon order of the commissioner of
  transportation station a flagman, erect gates to be  opened  and  closed
  when  an  engine  or train passes, or provide other means of protection,
  and where a steam railroad crosses a street railroad at grade,  and  the
  corporation  owning  or  operating  such  railroad  refuses to station a
  flagman, erect gates, to be opened and closed when an  engine  or  train
  passes,  the commissioner of transportation may, upon application, order
  that a flagman be stationed at  such  point,  or  that  gates  shall  be
  erected  thereat,  and that a person be stationed to open and close them
  when an engine or train passes, or may make such other order  respecting
  the same as he deems proper.
2.  Whenever  the  crossing  by  a  railroad  at grade of the streets,
  highways, turnpikes, plank-roads or traveled  ways  of  any  village  or
  city,  having  a  population by the last state or federal enumeration of
  less than fifty thousand, shall be protected by gates  with  persons  to
  open  and close the same or by any type of automatic protection, when an
  engine or train passes, the local authorities of  the  city  or  village
  shall  not  impose any limitation, less than forty miles an hour, on the
  rate of speed at which such engine or train shall be run, or enforce any
  existing limitation upon such rate of speed, less than  forty  miles  an
  hour.
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 3 - Construction, Operation and Management › 53-B - Ringing Bells and Blowing Whistles at Crossings.

§  53-b.  Ringing  bells  and  blowing whistles at crossings. A person
  acting as engineer, driving a locomotive on any railway in  this  state,
  who  fails to ring the bell, or sound the whistle, upon such locomotive,
  or cause the same to be rung or sounded, at least eighty rods  from  any
  place  where  such railway crosses a traveled road or street on the same
  level, except in cities, or to continue the  ringing  of  such  bell  or
  sounding  such whistle at intervals, until such locomotive and the train
  to which the locomotive is attached shall have completely  crossed  such
  road or street is guilty of a misdemeanor.
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 3 - Construction, Operation and Management › 53-C - Obstructing Farm and Highway Crossings.

§  53-c.  Obstructing  farm  and  highway  crossings.  Any  officer or
  employee of a railroad corporation who shall intentionally obstruct, and
  any owner, officer or employee  of  a  railroad  corporation  who  shall
  intentionally  cause  to be obstructed any farm or highway crossing with
  any locomotive, train or car for a longer period than  five  consecutive
  minutes  is guilty of a violation which shall be punishable by a fine of
  not more than one hundred dollars or  imprisonment  for  not  more  than
  fifteen days or by both such fine and imprisonment.  Notwithstanding the
  foregoing  provisions  of  this  section  or  any local ordinance to the
  contrary, no owner, officer or employee of a  railroad  corporation  who
  obstructs,  or  causes  to  be  obstructed, any farm or highway crossing
  shall be subject to any civil, criminal  or  other  penalty  where  such
  person  has  no  control  over  the situation causing the obstruction or
  where the locomotive, train or car cannot be moved  without  endangering
  the safety of the passengers, the public or freight.
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 3 - Construction, Operation and Management › 53-D - Unlawful Propulsion of a Missile at Railroad Trains.

53-d. Unlawful propulsion of a missile at railroad trains. A person is
  guilty  of unlawful propulsion of a missile at a railroad train where he
  willfully with intent  to  cause  personal  injury  or  property  damage
  throws,  shoots or propels a rock, stone, brick, or piece of iron, steel
  or other metal or any deadly or dangerous missile or fire  bomb  at  any
  locomotive or car of a train which is occupied by any person or persons.
  Unlawful  propulsion  of  a  missile at a railroad train is a violation;
  provided, however, that such classification shall not apply in any  case
  where  an  offense  having  a  higher  classification for the purpose of
  sentence, is charged under any other provision of law.
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 3 - Construction, Operation and Management › 53-E - Unlawful Interference With a Railroad Train.

§  53-e.  Unlawful  interference  with  a  railroad train. A person is
  guilty of unlawful interference with a railroad train when  he  wilfully
  with  intent to disrupt, delay, or disturb service, places, causes to be
  placed, drops, or positions an object or objects of any kind, on, under,
  or upon the tracks which does or could cause physical damage to railroad
  equipment or property or physical injury to passengers or both.
Unlawful interference with a railroad  train  is  a  class  D  felony;
  provided,  however, that such classification shall not apply in any case
  in which an offense having a higher classification for  the  purpose  of
  sentence is charged under any other provision of law.
2023 New York Laws › RRD - Railroad › Article 3 - Construction, Operation and Management › 53-F - Joint Inspection of Traffic-Control Signals Interconnected With Highway-Rail At-Grade Crossing Warning Systems.

§  53-f.  Joint  inspection  of traffic-control signals interconnected
  with highway-rail at-grade crossing warning systems. 1.  Notwithstanding
  the  provisions  of  any  other law to the contrary, the commissioner is
  authorized to  establish,  implement,  and  exercise  oversight  over  a
  program   to   coordinate  the  inspection  of  traffic-control  signals
  interconnected with highway-rail at-grade crossing warning systems.
2. Pursuant to the program established under subdivision one  of  this
  section,  the  department  of transportation shall establish a procedure
  applicable to every railroad corporation and  each  municipality  having
  jurisdiction  of  a  highway on which there is an at-grade rail crossing
  warning system interconnected with  a  traffic-control  signal  for  the
  coordinated  operation  and  biennial  inspection of any traffic-control
  signal interconnected with  a  highway-rail  at-grade  crossing  warning
  system.  Nothing in this section shall be deemed to alter or impair such
  railroad corporation's existing responsibility for maintenance  of,  and
  access to, the highway-rail at-grade crossing warning system.
3. For the purposes of this section, the term "traffic-control signal"
  shall  have  the  same  meaning  as  such term is defined by section one
  hundred fifty-four of the vehicle and traffic law.