reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:52-4 - Correction of record of birth or marriage

2A:52-4. Correction of record of birth or marriage
Upon the receipt of either of the following documents:
a. A certified copy of a judgment permitting a change of name; or
b. A certification issued in connection with a naturalization proceeding authorized by Act of Congress that a change of name was permitted by decree or order of a court vested with jurisdiction to naturalize persons as citizens of the United States; together with a request for correction of an existing record of the birth or marriage of the individual, the State Registrar of Vital Statistics or local registrar of vital statistics shall adjust the record or records to show the new name and the date and manner by which obtained. When the request and such copy or certification are received by a local registrar, he shall forward them to the State Registrar after having adjusted his local record.
In the event the name of any child or children shall be permitted to be changed in the naturalization proceedings of the parent of such child or children, the certification of the parent's naturalization record or proceedings disclosing such change of name of such child or children shall be sufficient authority for the State Registrar of Vital Statistics or the local registrar, as the case may be, upon request, to correct the birth certificate or marriage certificate of such child or children in the same manner as provided for the correction of the parent's birth certificate or marriage certificate. The fee to be paid a local registrar or the State Registrar for each birth certificate or for each marriage certificate so corrected shall be $2.00. Any certified copy of a record changed as provided for in this chapter shall show the name at birth or marriage and the new name and date and manner by which obtained, but upon request shall show only the new name.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344; amended by L.1955, c. 249, p. 927, s. 1; L.1958, c. 81, p. 521, s. 1, eff. June 24, 1958; L.1983, c. 275, s. 1, eff. July 18, 1983.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53-1 - Jurisdiction

2A:53-1. Jurisdiction
2A:53-1. The Superior Court shall have jurisdiction of declarations of intention, and of applications of aliens to become citizens of the United States.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344; amended 1991,c.91,s.107.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53-2 - Naturalization not to be granted within 30 days of an election

2A:53-2. Naturalization not to be granted within 30 days of an election
No person shall be naturalized or admitted to be a citizen of the United States by any such court within 30 days next preceding any national, state, municipal, general, special, local or charter election.
An applicant who may become eligible to citizenship during such period of 30 days, shall not be prevented from receiving a certificate of naturalization and citizenship on the proper day during such period, if the application shall have been made and allowed prior to the commencement of the period of 30 days.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53-3 - Political committees and candidates forbidden to pay fees; penalty

2A:53-3. Political committees and candidates forbidden to pay fees; penalty
No political committee or committee of any political party, and no person who has received or accepted a nomination for a political office, shall pay or promise to pay any money to or on behalf of a person for fees for the declaration or application for naturalization, for services as attorney or counsel or otherwise assisting or enabling a person to make the declaration or application.
Any person convicted of violating the provisions of this section shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not less than $500 nor more than $1,000.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53-4 - Penalty for violations of chapter by clerk

2A:53-4. Penalty for violations of chapter by clerk
Any clerk or other person who records or files a declaration or application in any case of naturalization, or issues a certificate in any such case in violation of the provisions of this chapter, shall be punished by a fine of $100.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-1 - Joint tortfeasors; single tortfeasor

2A:53A-1. Joint tortfeasors; single tortfeasor
For the purpose of this act the term "joint tortfeasors" means two or more persons jointly or severally liable in tort for the same injury to person or property, whether or not judgment has been recovered against all or some of them. A master and servant or principal and agent shall be considered a single tortfeasor.
L.1952, c. 335, p. 1075, s. 1.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-3 - Judgment against joint tortfeasor; contribution

2A:53A-3. Judgment against joint tortfeasor; contribution
Where injury or damage is suffered by any person as a result of the wrongful act, neglect or default of joint tortfeasors, and the person so suffering injury or damage recovers a money judgment or judgments for such injury or damage against one or more of the joint tortfeasors, either in one action or in separate actions, and any one of the joint tortfeasors pays such judgment in whole or in part, he shall be entitled to recover contribution from the other joint tortfeasor or joint tortfeasors for the excess so paid over his pro rata share; but no person shall be entitled to recover contribution under this act from any person entitled to be indemnified by him in respect to the liability for which the contribution is sought.
L.1952, c. 335, p. 1075, s. 3.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-4 - Application of act

2A:53A-4. Application of act
This act shall apply to all actions for contribution commenced, and to all judgments recovered, after the effective date hereof irrespective of the time of the commission of the wrongful act or acts by the joint tortfeasors; provided, that it shall not apply with respect to payments made prior to the effective date hereof.
L.1952, c. 335, p. 1075, s. 4.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-5.1 - Prohibiting discrimination in calculation of certain damages.

2A:53A-5.1 Prohibiting discrimination in calculation of certain damages.
1. a. In any civil action arising from personal injury or wrongful death, any estimations, measures, or calculations of damages for lost earnings or impaired earning capacity shall not be reduced because of race, ethnicity, gender, gender identity or expression, or affectional or sexual orientation, as those terms are defined or interpreted under the "Law Against Discrimination," P.L.1945, c.169 (C.10:5-1 et seq.).
b. In any such civil action, determination of damages shall not be based upon statistical tables alone unless agreed to by all parties in the civil action.
L.2021, c.405.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-6 - Contributory negligence of conditional vendee, etc., as defense by third person in suit brought by conditional vendor, etc.

2A:53A-6. Contributory negligence of conditional vendee, etc., as defense by third person in suit brought by conditional vendor, etc.
Whenever a conditional vendor, bailor, or owner of the general property in goods or chattels or a secured party as defined in section 12A:9-102a.(72) of the New Jersey Statutes or the assignee or assignees of said conditional vendor, bailor or owner of the general property in goods or chattels or of any such secured party, shall institute suit for damages to said goods or chattels or the collateral as defined in said section of the New Jersey Statutes, while the same are in the custody, control or possession of the conditional vendee, bailee, or owner of the special property in said goods or chattels or debtor as defined in said section of the New Jersey Statutes or the agents, servants, or employees of said conditional vendee, bailee, or owner of the special property in said goods and chattels or of such debtor, against a third party or parties, or against the agents, servants, or employees of said third party or parties, or both, based on the negligence of the said third party or parties, or the agents, servants, or employees of said third party or parties, the contributory negligence of the conditional vendee, bailee, or owner of the special property in said goods or chattels or of such debtor, or of the agents, servants, or employees of said conditional vendee, bailee or owner of the said special property in said goods or chattels or of such debtor, shall constitute a proper and valid defense to said action and be a complete bar to recovery in the same manner as though suit were brought by the conditional vendee, bailee, or owner of the special property in said goods or chattels or such debtor or by the agents, servants or employees of the conditional vendee, bailee, or owner of the special property in said goods and chattels or of such debtor.
L.1939,c.53,s.1; amended 1961, c.121, s.6; 2001, c.117, s.24.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-7.2 - Limited immunity

2A:53A-7.2. Limited immunity
a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, no person serving without compensation, other than reimbursement for actual expenses, as a trustee, director, officer or voluntary member of a nonprofit blood bank shall be liable for damages resulting from the exercise of judgment or discretion in connection with the duties of his office unless the actions evidence a reckless disregard for the duties imposed by the position.
b. Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, no person who provides volunteer service or assistance for any nonprofit blood bank shall be liable for damages as a result of his acts of commission or omission arising out of and in the course of his rendering the volunteer service or assistance.
Nothing in this subsection shall be deemed to grant immunity to any person causing damage by his willful, wanton or grossly negligent act of commission or omission.
Nothing in this subsection shall be deemed to grant immunity to any person causing damage as the result of his negligent operation of a motor vehicle.
L. 1988, c. 179, s. 1.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-7.3 - Exemption from liability for library trustees, members of commission

2A:53A-7.3. Exemption from liability for library trustees, members of commission
Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, no person serving as a member of the board of trustees of a free public library or regional library, or as a member of a county library commission, shall be liable for damages resulting from the exercise of judgment or discretion in connection with the duties of his office unless the actions evidence a reckless disregard for the duties imposed by the position.
L.1989,c.171,s.1.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-7.4 - Inapplicability, certain, of civil immunity granted to certain charitable entities.

2A:53A-7.4 Inapplicability, certain, of civil immunity granted to certain charitable entities.
1. The immunity from civil liability granted to a nonprofit corporation, society or association organized exclusively for religious, charitable, educational or hospital purposes pursuant to the provisions of P.L.1959, c.90 (C.2A:53A-7 to 2A:53A-11) shall not apply to a claim in any civil action that the negligent hiring, supervision or retention of any employee, agent or servant resulted in a sexual offense being committed against a person under the age of 18 who was a beneficiary of the nonprofit organization. As used in this supplementary act, P.L.2005, c.264 (C.2A:53A-7.4 et seq.), "sexual offense" means any actions that would constitute any crime set forth in chapter 14 of Title 2C of the New Jersey Statutes or set forth in paragraph (3) or (4) of subsection b. of N.J.S.2C:24-4.
L.2005,c.264,s.1.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-7.5 - Application of act.

2A:53A-7.5 Application of act.
2. a. The provisions of this supplementary act, P.L.2005, c.264 (C.2A:53A-7.4 et seq.), shall apply prospectively and also shall be applicable to all civil actions for which the statute of limitations has not expired as of the effective date of this act, and subsequently, not expired as of the effective date of P.L.2019, c.120 (C.2A:14-2a et al.), including the statute of limitations set forth in N.J.S.2A:14-2, section 2 of P.L.2019, c.120 (C.2A:14-2a), section 1 of P.L.1964, c.214 (C.2A:14-2.1), or any other statute. These applicable actions include but are not limited to matters filed with a court that have not yet been dismissed or finally adjudicated as of the effective date of this act or P.L.2019, c.120 (C.2A:14-2a et al.).
b. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection a. of this section, the provisions of P.L.2005, c.264 (C.2A:53A-7.4 et seq.) shall apply to all civil actions for an injury resulting from an act that occurred prior to the effective date of P.L.2019, c.120 (C.2A:14-2a et al.), and these actions shall be subject to the statute of limitations set forth in section 2 of P.L.2019, c.120 (C.2A:14-2a).
L.2005, c.264, s.2; amended 2019, c.120, s.6.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-8 - Liability of nonprofit hospital corporation

2A:53A-8. Liability of nonprofit hospital corporation
Notwithstanding the provisions of the foregoing paragraph, any nonprofit corporation, society or association organized exclusively for hospital purposes shall be liable to respond in damages to such beneficiary who shall suffer damage from the negligence of such corporation, society or association or of its agents or servants to an amount not exceeding $250,000, together with interest and costs of suit, as the result of any one accident and to the extent to which such damage, together with interest and costs of suit, shall exceed the sum of $250,000 such nonprofit corporation, society or association organized exclusively for hospital purposes shall not be liable therefor.
L.1959,c.90,s.2; amended 1991,c.187,s.48.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-9 - Character of buildings used

2A:53A-9. Character of buildings used
For the purposes of this act but not in limitation thereof, the buildings and places actually used for colleges, schools, academies, seminaries, historical societies, public libraries, religious worship, charitable or hospital purposes, the moral and mental improvement of men, women and children, nursing homes, rest homes, parish houses, auditoriums, houses of and for prayer and buildings and places, however named or designated, operated and maintained for equivalent uses, when so operated and maintained by any such nonprofit corporation, society or association, shall be deemed to be operated and maintained for a religious, charitable, educational or hospital purpose.
L.1959, c. 90, p. 222, s. 3.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-10 - Remedial legislation; liberal construction

2A:53A-10. Remedial legislation; liberal construction
This act shall be deemed to be remedial and shall be liberally construed so as to afford immunity to the said corporations, societies and associations from liability as provided herein in furtherance of the public policy for the protection of nonprofit corporations, societies and associations organized for religious, charitable, educational or hospital purposes.
L.1959, c. 90, p. 223, s. 4.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-11 - Severability

2A:53A-11. Severability
The provisions of this act shall be deemed to be severable and if any phrase, clause, sentence or provision of this act is declared to be unconstitutional or the applicability thereof to any person is held invalid the remainder of this act shall not thereby be deemed to be unconstitutional or invalid.
L.1959, c. 90, p. 223, s. 5.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-12 - Members of volunteer first aid, rescue or emergency squads or national ski patrol system; liability for damages

2A:53A-12. Members of volunteer first aid, rescue or emergency squads or national ski patrol system; liability for damages
No member of a volunteer first aid, rescue or emergency squad, or volunteer member of the National Ski Patrol System, which provides emergency public first aid and rescue services shall be liable in any civil action to respond in damages as a result of his acts of commission or omission arising out of and in the course of his rendering in good faith any such services as such member but such immunity from liability shall not extend to the operation of any motor vehicle in connection with such services.
Nothing herein shall be deemed to grant any such immunity to any person causing damage by his willful or wanton act of commission or omission.
L.1962, c. 242, s. 1, eff. Feb. 28, 1963. Amended by L.1977, c. 276, s. 2, eff. Oct. 30, 1977.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-13 - Liability of member of volunteer fire company, authorized active volunteer, first aid or rescue squad worker providing emergency services

2A:53A-13. Liability of member of volunteer fire company, authorized active volunteer, first aid or rescue squad worker providing emergency services
No member of a volunteer fire company, which provides emergency public first aid and rescue services or services for the control and extinguishment of fires, or both, and no authorized active volunteer first aid or rescue squad worker who is not a member of the volunteer fire company within which the first aid or rescue squad may have been created, doing public first aid or rescue duty, shall be liable in any civil action to respond in damages as a result of his acts of commission or omission arising out of and in the course of his rendering in good faith any such services, or arising out of and in the course of participation in any authorized drill, but such immunity from liability shall not extend to the operation of any motor vehicle in connection with the rendering of any such services.
Nothing herein shall be deemed to grant any such immunity to any person causing damage by his willful or wanton act of commission or omission.
L.1963, c. 71, s. 1, eff. May 28, 1963. Amended by L.1968, c. 44, s. 2, eff. May 22, 1968; L.1983, c. 29, s. 1, eff. Jan. 25, 1983.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-13.1 - Liability of volunteer fire company, volunteer first aid, rescue or emergency squad or civil defense unit providing services

2A:53A-13.1. Liability of volunteer fire company, volunteer first aid, rescue or emergency squad or civil defense unit providing services
No volunteer fire company or volunteer first aid, rescue or emergency squad, civil defense unit, incorporated or unincorporated, which provides services for the control and extinguishment of fires or emergency public first aid and rescue services, or both, shall be liable in any civil action to respond in damages as a result of any acts of commission or omission arising out of and in the course of the rendition in good faith of any such services, or arising out of and in the course of participation in any authorized drill, by any member of the volunteer fire company or the volunteer first aid, rescue or emergency squad, or civil defense unit, and in the case of a volunteer fire company within which a first aid or rescue squad has been created, by any authorized active volunteer first aid or rescue squad worker therefor, notwithstanding that he is not a member of the volunteer fire company. No such immunity from liability shall extend to the operation of any motor vehicle in connection with the rendering of any such services.
L.1975, c. 196, s. 1, eff. Aug. 21, 1975. Amended by L.1983, c. 29, s. 2, eff. Jan. 25, 1983.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-14 - Legislative findings

2A:53A-14. Legislative findings
The Legislature finds that malicious acts of vandalism by youths are increasing at an alarming rate; that such acts are frequently attributable to lack of care, custody and control exercised by the parent; that parents should have some responsibility for the conduct of their children; that while there is a reluctance to charge a child with juvenile delinquency there should be some legal deterrent to juvenile acts of vandalism and to parental neglect of child supervision. The Legislature therefore finds it desirable to establish a civil procedure for the recovery of damages for such acts from the neglectful parent, guardian or other person having legal custody of the child who caused such damage.
L.1965, c. 111, s. 1, eff. June 15, 1965.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-15 - Liability of parent or guardian for willful destruction of property by infant under 18

2A:53A-15. Liability of parent or guardian for willful destruction of property by infant under 18
A parent, guardian or other person having legal custody of an infant under 18 years of age who fails or neglects to exercise reasonable supervision and control of the conduct of such infant, shall be liable in a civil action for any willful, malicious or unlawful injury or destruction by such infant of the real or personal property of another.
L.1965, c. 111, s. 2. Amended by L.1979, c. 318, s. 2, eff. Jan. 18, 1980.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-16 - Parental liability for certain acts of minor.

2A:53A-16 Parental liability for certain acts of minor.
1. The parents of any minor who shall maliciously or willfully injure any property of a railroad, street railway, traction railway or autobus public utility shall be liable for damages in the amount of the injury to a limit of $5,000, to be collected by the property owner in the Superior Court, together with costs of suit.
L.1970,c.246,s.1; amended 2001, c.413, s.1.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-17 - Application to parents without parental custody and control

2A:53A-17. Application to parents without parental custody and control
This act shall not apply to parents whose parental custody and control of such infant has been removed by court order, decree, judgment, military service, or marriage of such infant.
L.1970, c. 246, s. 2, eff. Oct. 28, 1970.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-17.1 - Liability of parent or guardian.

2A:53A-17.1 Liability of parent or guardian.
4. Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, a parent or guardian having legal custody of a minor who demonstrates willful or wanton disregard in the exercise of the supervision and control of the conduct of a minor adjudicated delinquent of cyber-harassment, pursuant to section 1 of P.L.2013, c.272 (C.2C:33-4.1), or harassment, pursuant to N.J.S.2C:33-4, may be liable in a civil action.
L. 2021, c.338, s.4.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-18 - Bar to judgment

2A:53A-18. Bar to judgment
Notwithstanding any law or judicial ruling to the contrary, any person who is convicted of or pleads guilty to a criminal offense, shall be barred from receiving a judgment, other than a judgment for damages resulting from negligent or intentional conduct showing reckless disregard for the value of human life, against any person who otherwise would have been liable in a civil action for damages arising under the circumstances set forth in section 2 of this act which is initiated by the person who has been found guilty or who has pleaded guilty, provided that liability does not arise from conduct which would itself constitute a criminal offense.
L. 1985, c. 223, s. 1, eff. July 2, 1985.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-19 - Scope

2A:53A-19. Scope
For the purposes of this act, the scope of the bar to judgment shall be limited to all actions in preparation of the criminal activity, all actions during the criminal activity, and all actions in connection with the attempted escape from the scene of the criminal activity or subsequent apprehension.
L. 1985, c. 223, s. 2, eff. July 2, 1985.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-20 - Stay of civil action

2A:53A-20. Stay of civil action
In the event that the prosecution of the alleged criminal activity shall not have been brought to conclusion prior to the start of a civil action for damages by one who has been arrested for a criminal offense, the civil action for damages shall be stayed pending the final disposition of the criminal matter. For the purposes of this section, the final disposition of the criminal matter shall mean the point at which the judgment of conviction is entered against one who is arrested for a criminal offense.
L. 1985, c. 223, s. 3, eff. July 2, 1985.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-22 - Civil Rights Enforcement Fund established

2A:53A-22. Civil Rights Enforcement Fund established
2. There shall be established in the State Treasury a separate, nonlapsing fund designated the Civil Rights Enforcement Fund. Amounts credited to the fund shall be used by the Attorney General for the payment of expenses and costs incurred by the Attorney General in enforcement of the laws of this State protecting civil rights, in the development and delivery of training for public employees, including law enforcement officers, responsible for enforcement of these laws and in the development and delivery of related public education programs.
L.1993,c.137,s.2.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-23 - Availability of authorized civil actions

2A:53A-23. Availability of authorized civil actions
3. The provisions of this act are intended to provide remedies independent of and in addition to those that may apply under the provisions of the "New Jersey Code of Criminal Justice." The civil actions authorized by this act are available whether or not the conduct has been prosecuted as an offense under the provisions of Title 2C of the New Jersey Statutes and whether or not any such prosecution has resulted in a conviction.
L.1993,c.137,s.3.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-24 - Terms defined

2A:53A-24. Terms defined
4. The terms "conduct" and "offense" shall have the meaning provided in N.J.S.2C:1-14. The term "juvenile" shall have the meaning provided in section 24 of P.L.1982, c.77 (C.2A:4A-43).
L.1993,c.137,s.4.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-25 - Definitions; accountants' liability

2A:53A-25. Definitions; accountants' liability
1. a. As used in this act:
(1) "Accountant" means a person who is registered as a certified public accountant pursuant to the provisions of P.L.1977, c.144 (C.45:2B-1 et seq.), or an accounting firm which is organized for the practice of public accounting pursuant to the provisions of P.L.1977, c.144 (C.45:2B-1 et seq.) and P.L.1969, c.232 (C.14A:17-1 et seq.).
(2) "Bank" means a State or federally chartered bank, savings bank, savings and loan association, credit union, a group of such institutions or its affiliates, subsidiaries, co-lenders, successors or assigns.
(3) "Client" means the party directly engaging an accountant to perform a professional accounting service.
(4) "Professional accounting service" includes, but is not limited to, the compilation, review, certification, or audit of, or the expression of a professional opinion or other reporting on, a financial statement or other information covering a specified period of time.
(5) "Specified transaction" means a particular transaction between a client and a claimant.
b. Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, no accountant shall be liable for damages for negligence arising out of and in the course of rendering any professional accounting service unless:
(1) The claimant against the accountant was the accountant's client; or
(2) The accountant:
(a) knew at the time of the engagement by the client, or agreed with the client after the time of the engagement, that the professional accounting service rendered to the client would be made available to the claimant, who was specifically identified to the accountant in connection with a specified transaction made by the claimant;
(b) knew that the claimant intended to rely upon the professional accounting service in connection with that specified transaction; and
(c) directly expressed to the claimant, by words or conduct, the accountant's understanding of the claimant's intended reliance on the professional accounting service; or
(3) In the case of a bank claimant, the accountant acknowledged the bank's intended reliance on the professional accounting service and the client's knowledge of that reliance in a written communication.
L.1995,c.49.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-26 - "Licensed person" defined.

2A:53A-26 "Licensed person" defined.
1. As used in this act, "licensed person" means any person who is licensed as:
a. an accountant pursuant to P.L.1997, c.259 (C.45:2B-42 et seq.);
b. an architect pursuant to R.S.45:3-1 et seq.;
c. an attorney admitted to practice law in New Jersey;
d. a dentist pursuant to R.S.45:6-1 et seq.;
e. an engineer pursuant to P.L.1938, c.342 (C.45:8-27 et seq.);
f. a physician in the practice of medicine or surgery pursuant to R.S.45:9-1 et seq.;
g. a podiatrist pursuant to R.S.45:5-1 et seq.;
h. a chiropractor pursuant to P.L.1989, c.153 (C.45:9-41.17 et seq.);
i. a registered professional nurse pursuant to P.L.1947, c.262 (C.45:11-23 et seq.);
j. a health care facility as defined in section 2 of P.L.1971, c.136 (C.26:2H-2);
k. a physical therapist pursuant to P.L.1983, c.296 (C.45:9-37.11 et seq.);
l. a land surveyor pursuant to P.L.1938, c.342 (C.45:8-27 et seq.);
m. a registered pharmacist pursuant to P.L.2003, c.280 (C.45:14-40 et seq.);
n. a veterinarian pursuant to R.S.45:16-1 et seq.;
o. an insurance producer pursuant to P.L.2001, c.210 (C.17:22A-26 et seq.);
p. a certified midwife, certified professional midwife, or certified nurse midwife pursuant to R.S.45:10-1 et seq.; and
q. a licensed site remediation professional pursuant to section 7 of P.L.2009, c.60 (C.58:10C-7).
L.1995, c.139, s.1; amended 2001, c.372; 2010, c.88; 2019, c.263, s.2.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-27 - Affidavit of lack of care in action for professional, medical malpractice or negligence; requirements.

2A:53A-27 Affidavit of lack of care in action for professional, medical malpractice or negligence; requirements.
2. In any action for damages for personal injuries, wrongful death or property damage resulting from an alleged act of malpractice or negligence by a licensed person in his profession or occupation, the plaintiff shall, within 60 days following the date of filing of the answer to the complaint by the defendant, provide each defendant with an affidavit of an appropriate licensed person that there exists a reasonable probability that the care, skill or knowledge exercised or exhibited in the treatment, practice or work that is the subject of the complaint, fell outside acceptable professional or occupational standards or treatment practices. The court may grant no more than one additional period, not to exceed 60 days, to file the affidavit pursuant to this section, upon a finding of good cause.
In the case of an action for medical malpractice, the person executing the affidavit shall meet the requirements of a person who provides expert testimony or executes an affidavit as set forth in section 7 of P.L.2004, c.17 (C.2A:53A-41). In all other cases, the person executing the affidavit shall be licensed in this or any other state; have particular expertise in the general area or specialty involved in the action, as evidenced by board certification or by devotion of the person's practice substantially to the general area or specialty involved in the action for a period of at least five years. The person shall have no financial interest in the outcome of the case under review, but this prohibition shall not exclude the person from being an expert witness in the case.
L.1995,c.139,s.2; amended 2004, c.17, s.8.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-28 - Affidavit not required; conditions

2A:53A-28. Affidavit not required; conditions
3. An affidavit shall not be required pursuant to section 2 of this act if the plaintiff provides a sworn statement in lieu of the affidavit setting forth that: the defendant has failed to provide plaintiff with medical records or other records or information having a substantial bearing on preparation of the affidavit; a written request therefor along with, if necessary, a signed authorization by the plaintiff for release of the medical records or other records or information requested, has been made by certified mail or personal service; and at least 45 days have elapsed since the defendant received the request.
L.1995,c.139,s.3.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-29 - Noncompliance deemed failure to state cause of action

2A:53A-29. Noncompliance deemed failure to state cause of action
4. If the plaintiff fails to provide an affidavit or a statement in lieu thereof, pursuant to section 2 or 3 of this act, it shall be deemed a failure to state a cause of action.
L.1995,c.139,s.4.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-31 - Findings, declarations relative to liability for certain health care treatment decisions

2A:53A-31. Findings, declarations relative to liability for certain health care treatment decisions
2. The Legislature hereby finds and declares that:
a. Health and dental carriers, in particular health maintenance organizations and other managed care entities, have become increasingly involved in health care treatment decisions, including, but not limited to, the use of financial incentives to providers and practice guidelines, in an effort to reduce health care costs;
b. As a result, many carriers have been reducing or denying medically necessary health care treatments for their insured patients;
c. Since the carriers are in many instances making medical decisions when they deny, delay, or diminish health care treatments, they should be held to the same level of legal responsibility as physicians and other health care providers who make decisions regarding the necessity and appropriateness of medical care; and
d. It is fair and appropriate that insured patients have the opportunity to dispute carrier or organized delivery system decisions in court, as well as in internal and external appeals procedures, so that these disputes may be quickly and efficiently resolved in ways that best accommodate the needs of the insured patient.
L.2001,c.187,s.2.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-34 - Exhausting appeal before filing action; exception

2A:53A-34. Exhausting appeal before filing action; exception
5. An individual who brings an action against a carrier or organized delivery system pursuant to subsection a. of section 4 of this act shall be required to exhaust an appeal through the Independent Health Care Appeals Program created pursuant to section 11 of P.L.1997, c.192 (C.26:2S-11) before filing an action, unless serious or significant harm to the covered person has occurred or will imminently occur.
L.2001,c.187,s.5.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-35 - Use of alternative dispute resolution methods

2A:53A-35 Use of alternative dispute resolution methods
6. a. The court hearing the action authorized by subsection a. of section 4 of this act shall, with the plaintiff's consent, employ alternative dispute resolution methods, including, but not limited to, mediation, binding arbitration and non-binding arbitration, in order to expedite the action and accommodate the needs of the parties to the dispute.
b. If alternative dispute resolution methods are employed, the mediator or arbitrator, as the case may be, may consider whether services denied or delayed are covered services under the health or dental benefits plan.
c. Nothing in this act shall prohibit a covered person from pursuing other appropriate remedies, including injunctive relief, a declaratory judgment, or any other relief available under applicable law, if serious or significant harm to the covered person has occurred or will imminently occur.
L.2001,c.187,s.6.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-36 - Affidavit of loss as a result of denial or delay; requirements

2A:53A-36. Affidavit of loss as a result of denial or delay; requirements
7. a. In any action for economic or non-economic loss to a covered person pursuant to subsection a. of section 4 of this act, the plaintiff shall, within 60 days following the date of filing of the answer to the complaint by the defendant, provide each defendant with an affidavit of a physician or other appropriate licensed natural person that there exists a reasonable probability that the loss that occurred was a result of the carrier's or organized delivery system's negligence with respect to the denial of or delay in approving or providing medically necessary covered services.
b. The court may grant no more than one additional period, not to exceed 60 days, to file the affidavit pursuant to this section, upon a finding of good cause. The person executing the affidavit shall be licensed in this or any other state and have particular expertise in the general area or specialty involved in the action, as evidenced by board certification or by devotion of the person's practice substantially to the general area or specialty involved in the action for a period of at least five years. The person shall have no financial interest in the outcome of the case under review, but this prohibition shall not exclude the person from being an expert witness in the case.
c. An affidavit shall not be required pursuant to subsection a. of this section if the plaintiff provides a sworn statement in lieu of the affidavit setting forth that: the defendant or other appropriate party involved in the treatment of the covered person has failed to provide the plaintiff with medical records or other records or information having a substantial bearing on preparation of the affidavit; a written request therefor along with, if necessary, a signed authorization by the plaintiff for release of the medical records or other records or information requested, has been made by certified mail or personal service; and at least 45 days have elapsed since the defendant received the request.
d. If the plaintiff fails to provide an affidavit or a statement in lieu thereof, pursuant to this section, it shall be deemed a failure to state a cause of action.
L.2001,c.187,s.7.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-38 - Findings, declarations relative to medical professional liability, insurance reform and patient protection.

2A:53A-38 Findings, declarations relative to medical professional liability, insurance reform and patient protection.
2. The Legislature finds and declares that:
a. One of the most vital interests of the State is to ensure that high-quality health care continues to be available in this State and that the residents of this State continue to have access to a full spectrum of health care providers, including highly trained physicians in all specialties;
b. The State's health care system and its residents' access to health care providers are threatened by a dramatic escalation in medical malpractice liability insurance premiums, which is creating a crisis of affordability in the purchase of necessary liability coverage for our health care providers;
c. One particularly alarming result of rising premiums is that there are increasing reports of doctors retiring or moving to other states where insurance premiums are lower, dropping high-risk patients and procedures, and practicing defensive medicine in a manner that may significantly increase the cost of health care for all our citizens;
d. The reasons for the steep increases in the cost of medical malpractice liability insurance are complex and involve issues related to: the State's tort liability system; the State's health care system, which includes issues related to patient safety and medical error reporting; and the State's regulation and requirements concerning medical malpractice liability insurers;
e. It is necessary and appropriate for the State to take meaningful and prompt action to address the various interrelated aspects of these issues that are impacted by, or impact on, the State's health care system; and
f. To that end, this act provides for a comprehensive set of reforms affecting the State's tort liability system, health care system and medical malpractice liability insurance carriers to ensure that health care services continue to be available and accessible to residents of the State and to enhance patient safety at health care facilities.
L.2004,c.17,s.2.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-39 - Judge may refer medical malpractice action to complementary dispute resolution mechanism.

2A:53A-39 Judge may refer medical malpractice action to complementary dispute resolution mechanism.
5. The judge presiding over a medical malpractice action, or the judge's designee, shall, within 30 days after the discovery end date, determine whether referral to a complementary dispute resolution mechanism may encourage early disposition or settlement of the action. If the judge makes such a determination, the matter shall be referred to complementary dispute resolution pursuant to Rule 1:40 of the Rules Governing the Courts of the State of New Jersey.
Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the authority of the judge to refer an action to complementary dispute resolution prior to the discovery end date.
L.2004,c.17,s.5.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-42 - Procedure to evaluate award by judge following verdict.

2A:53A-42 Procedure to evaluate award by judge following verdict.
9. A judge presiding over an action alleging medical malpractice, in which the jury has rendered a verdict in favor of the complaining party, shall, upon a motion by any party for additur or remittitur on the issue of the quantum of damages, consider the evidence in the light most favorable to the non-moving party and determine whether the award is clearly inadequate or excessive in view of the nature of the medical condition or injury that is the cause of action or because of passion or prejudice by the jury.
L.2004,c.17,s.9.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-44 - Provision of protected seating for spectators, recognition of inherent risks, statement

2A:53A-44 Provision of protected seating for spectators, recognition of inherent risks, statement
of intent. 2. The Legislature recognizes that baseball stadium owners and operators have a duty to provide protected seating to spectators who, seeking to avoid the risk of injury, desire protection. However, the Legislature also recognizes that persons who attend professional baseball games may be injured as a result of the risks inherent in being a spectator at such games. The Legislature further finds that attendance at such professional baseball games is a family and community based activity to be encouraged. Moreover, the State derives economic benefit from spectators attending professional baseball games. Therefore, it is the intent of the Legislature to encourage attendance at professional baseball games. Limiting the civil liability of those who own professional baseball teams and those who own the stadiums where professional baseball games are played will help contain costs, thereby keeping ticket prices affordable.
L.2005,c.362,s.2.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-45 - Definitions relative to baseball spectator safety.

2A:53A-45 Definitions relative to baseball spectator safety.
3. As used in this act:
a. "Owner" means a person, including a corporation, partnership, or limited liability company, who is in lawful possession and control of a professional baseball team or a stadium in which a professional baseball game is played. "Owner" shall also include the owner's shareholders, partners, directors, officers, employees and agents.
b. "Professional baseball game" means any baseball game, whether for exhibition or competition, in which the participating baseball teams are members of a league of professional baseball clubs, commonly known as a major league or a minor league, and which teams are comprised of paid baseball players. "Professional baseball game" shall also include pregame activities and shall include any baseball game or pregame activity.
c. "Spectator" means a person who is present at a baseball game for the purpose of observing the game, whether or not a fee is paid.
L.2005,c.362,s.3.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:53A-46 - Assumption of inherent risks by spectators, bar, defense to suit.

2A:53A-46 Assumption of inherent risks by spectators, bar, defense to suit.
4. a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, spectators of professional baseball games are presumed to have knowledge of and to assume the inherent risks of observing professional baseball games. These risks are defined as injuries which result from being struck by a baseball or a baseball bat anywhere on the premises during a professional baseball game.
b. (1) Except as provided in section 5 of this act, the assumption of risk set forth in this section shall be a complete bar to suit and shall serve as a complete defense to a suit against an owner by a spectator for injuries resulting from the assumed risks.
(2) Except as provided in section 5 of this act, an owner shall not be liable for an injury to a spectator resulting from the inherent risks of attending a professional baseball game. Except as provided in section 5 of this act, no spectator or spectator's representative shall make any claim against, maintain an action against, or recover from an owner for injury, loss, or damage to the spectator resulting from any of the inherent risks of attending a professional baseball game.
c. Nothing in this act shall preclude a spectator from bringing an action against another spectator for an injury to person or property resulting from such other spectator's acts or omissions.
L.2005,c.362,s.4.