reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:24A-8 - Legal, injunctive relief

2A:24A-8. Legal, injunctive relief
a. An artist aggrieved under this act shall have a cause of action for legal and injunctive relief.
b. No action may be maintained to enforce any liability under this act unless brought within six years of the violation complained of or two years after the constructive discovery of the violation, whichever is later.
L. 1986, c. 97, s. 8, eff. Aug. 27, 1986.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:25-1 - Contracts and judgments assignable; action by assignee; defenses.

2A:25-1 Contracts and judgments assignable; action by assignee; defenses.
2A:25-1. All contracts for the sale and conveyance of real estate, all judgments and decrees recovered in any of the courts of this State or of the United States or in any of the courts of any other state of the United States and all choses in action arising on contract shall be assignable, and the assignee may sue thereon in his own name. In such an action, the person sued shall be allowed, not only all set-offs, discounts and defenses he has against the assignee, but also all set-offs, discounts and defenses he had against the assignor before notice of such assignment was given to him. The assignment of a sealed instrument by writing not under seal shall be as valid as if under seal.
The assignee for a valuable consideration of any chose in action may, although the assignor is dead, sue for and recover the same in his own name. The person sued in any such action shall be allowed not only all set-offs, discounts and defenses he has against the assignee, but also all set-offs, discounts and defenses he had against the assignor or his representatives before notice of such assignment was given to him.
Security interests in commercial tort claims may be created, attached, perfected and enforced in accordance with Chapter 9 of Title 12A of the New Jersey Statutes (12A:9-101 et seq.).
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344; amended 2001, c.386, s.137.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:26-2 - Issuance of attachments; grounds

2A:26-2. Issuance of attachments; grounds
2A:26-2. An attachment may issue out of the Superior Court upon the application of any resident or nonresident plaintiff against the property, real and personal, of any defendant in any of the following instances:
a. Where the facts would entitle plaintiff to an order of arrest before judgment in a civil action; and in such cases the attachment may issue against the property of a female, or of a corporation in the same manner as though the defendant would be liable to arrest in a civil action, except that, in actions founded upon a tort, an attachment shall not issue against a corporation upon which a summons can be served in this State; or
b. Where the defendant absconds or is a nonresident of this State, and a summons cannot be served on him in this State; but an attachment shall not issue hereunder against the rolling stock of a common carrier of another state or against the goods of a nonresident in transit in the custody of a common carrier of this or another state; or
c. Where the cause of action existed against a decedent, which survives against his heirs, devisees, executors, administrators or trustees, and there is property in this State which by law is subject to plaintiff's claim; but no action of attachment may be brought hereunder against the heirs unless they, or some of them, nor against the devisees unless they, or some of them, nor against the executors unless they, or some of them, nor against the administrators unless they, or some of them, nor against the trustees unless they, or some of them, are unknown or nonresident and cannot be served with a summons in this State; or
d. Where plaintiff has a claim of an equitable nature as to which a money judgment is demanded against the defendant, and the defendant absconds or is a nonresident and a summons cannot be served upon him in this State; or
e. Where the defendant is a corporation created by the laws of another state but authorized to do business in this State and such other state authorizes attachments against New Jersey corporations authorized to do business in that state.
For the purposes of this section a summons can be served upon a person in this State where service can duly be made upon someone on his behalf in the State, but not where service may be made only by publication in the State.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344; amended 1991,c.91,s.82.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:26-3 - Attachment against property of joint debtors

2A:26-3. Attachment against property of joint debtors
An attachment may issue against the separate and joint property of joint debtors or any of them, either by their names or the name of the partnership or by whatever name they may be generally distinguished, or against the heirs, executors or administrators of them or any of them. The property so attached, whether separate or joint, shall be subject to the payment of the joint debt.
In case of fraud by one of several joint debtors which accrues to the benefit of all the joint debtors an attachment may issue against the separate property of such joint debtor or against the joint property of all.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:26-4 - Property exempt

2A:26-4. Property exempt
Household goods and furniture not exceeding $1,000.00 in value of a person shall be exempt from attachment, except for a debt incurred in the purchase thereof.
If the attaching officer believes that the goods and furniture exceed such value, he may attach and include them in his inventory and appraisement, and the person entitled to the exemption, his family or his estate shall forthwith, on demand by the officer, select, from the inventoried and appraised property, goods and furniture to the value of $1,000.00. A failure to make the selection shall be deemed to be a waiver of the exemption.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344; amended by L.1974, c. 92, s. 1, eff. Sept. 10, 1974.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:26-5 - Wages and personal property not attachable in certain cases

2A:26-5. Wages and personal property not attachable in certain cases
Wages or other compensation for labor or services due to a nonresident employee shall not be attached at the action of a nonresident creditor or his assigns; nor shall the personal property in this state of a nonresident be attached at the action of a nonresident creditor, if such property is exempt from liability by the law of the state of which the debtor and creditor are residents.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:26-6 - Attachment of legacy or distributive share for claims against legatee or next of kin

2A:26-6. Attachment of legacy or distributive share for claims against legatee or next of kin
A legacy or distributive share of an estate in the hands of an executor, administrator or trustee may be attached in an action against the legatee or next of kin.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:26-8 - Personal property bound from time of execution of attachment

2A:26-8. Personal property bound from time of execution of attachment
The attachment shall bind the attached goods and chattels, rights and credits, moneys and effects of defendant attached from the time of its execution. The attached property, unless released, shall, during the pendency of the action, remain as security for any judgment which may be entered in the action.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:26-9 - Lien of attachment on real estate of defendant; amendment of return; disposal of real estate; conveyances by defendant void

2A:26-9. Lien of attachment on real estate of defendant; amendment of return; disposal of real estate; conveyances by defendant void
2A:26-9. The attachment from the time of its issue, shall constitute a lien on the real estate of the defendant in the State even though the officer fails to especially attach the same or part thereof; and the defendant cannot thereafter assign, transfer or convey the same or any interest therein. The attachment shall also be a lien upon all real estate acquired by defendant in the State after such issue and before final judgment. The court may order the clerk to amend the return to the attachment by annexing thereto a description of such real estate, and may make orders for the disposal thereof. All conveyances by the defendant pending the attachment shall be void against the plaintiff. The said lien shall continue to be a lien until the claim of plaintiff is satisfied, the attachment is discharged or judgment is given against plaintiff.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344; amended 1991,c.91,s.83.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:26-10 - Conveyance of attached real estate after lien of attachment fixed

2A:26-10. Conveyance of attached real estate after lien of attachment fixed
Any conveyance or transfer of the attached real estate or any interest therein, made after the filing of the attachment, shall be void as against the plaintiff, the judgment, and the execution issued thereon, unless the attachment has been released.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:26-11 - Lien of judgment on defendant's real estate

2A:26-11. Lien of judgment on defendant's real estate
The judgment in the action shall be a lien on defendant's real estate acquired either before or after the entry thereof.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:26-12 - Custody of personal property attached

2A:26-12. Custody of personal property attached
Personal property of a defendant attached as provided by this chapter shall remain in the safekeeping of the attaching officer to answer and abide the judgment of the court.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:26-13 - Actions to obtain possession of attached property in hands of third person

2A:26-13. Actions to obtain possession of attached property in hands of third person
The court may order the institution and prosecution of appropriate actions and proceedings by the attaching officer to obtain possession of any attached property in the hands of a third person.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:26-14 - Effect of sales of personalty

2A:26-14. Effect of sales of personalty
Every sale of the attached personal property made under this chapter or under an order of the court shall be as valid and effectual in law as if made by defendant at the time when the attachment became a lien thereon.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:26-15 - Sale under execution

2A:26-15. Sale under execution
A sale by a sheriff or other officer of the attached property under an execution issued and a conveyance made pursuant thereto shall convey all the title to such property had by a defendant therein at the time that the writ of attachment became a lien thereon or by him acquired at any time afterwards.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:27-1 - Application for prosecution; jurisdiction; applicant liable for costs

2A:27-1. Application for prosecution; jurisdiction; applicant liable for costs
The governor may upon application in writing by any person aggrieved or supposing himself to be aggrieved by the neglect, default, misconduct or malpractice in office of any public official under bond to the state, order an action upon such bond to be commenced and prosecuted in the superior court, in the name of the state of New Jersey, and at the cost of the applicant.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:27-2 - Applications for relief by other persons aggrieved

2A:27-2. Applications for relief by other persons aggrieved
After judgment in an action on an official bond and before such judgment is satisfied and discharged of record, any other person aggrieved by the neglect, default, misconduct or malpractice of the officer in his office whose bond is in action may apply to the superior court for relief in the pending action.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:27-3 - Continuing liability on bond

2A:27-3. Continuing liability on bond
A judgment in an action upon an official bond, although satisfied and discharged of record, shall not operate to discharge the public officer or his sureties from liability on the bond; but new actions may be commenced on such bond as often as circumstances require.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:27-4 - Claims included in action on bond of municipal tax collector

2A:27-4. Claims included in action on bond of municipal tax collector
In an action by a municipality on the bond of a tax collector or receiver of taxes, there may be included all claims of such municipality in its own right or in the right of another person for public moneys which have come into the hands of such collector or receiver for any purpose whatever and for which he is legally chargeable.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:28-1 - Application for and appointment of commissioners

2A:28-1. Application for and appointment of commissioners
2A:28-1. When any dispute arises between the owners of adjoining lands as to the location of any dividing line or lines between such lands, the Superior Court may, on application of either owner on notice to the other, appoint three disinterested commissioners, one of whom shall be a practical surveyor, who shall fix, ascertain and regulate such lines.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344; amended 1991,c.91,s.84.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:28-2 - Duties and powers of commissioners

2A:28-2. Duties and powers of commissioners
Before entering upon their duties the commissioners shall take and subscribe an oath that they and each of them will fairly and impartially and to the best of their judgment ascertain the true location of the lines in dispute. The commissioners may enter upon any lands for the purpose of ascertaining and deciding the location of the disputed lines, and they shall have power to examine witnesses under oath and to inquire fully into the questions in dispute. The commissioners shall file a report thereof with the court within such time as the court shall prescribe and, unless otherwise ordered by the court, the report shall be final and conclusive against all of the parties and their heirs and assigns.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:28-3 - Trial by court

2A:28-3. Trial by court
Either party to the dispute shall be afforded, by the court, a specified period of time within which to apply to set aside the report and, if any party so applies, the court shall hear the matter in a summary manner with a jury, if a jury be demanded, or without a jury, if no jury be demanded, and the issue shall be tried and determined as in other cases of a civil nature at law, in said court.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:29-1 - Expense of examining title and making survey recoverable

2A:29-1. Expense of examining title and making survey recoverable
When any person shall contract to sell real estate and shall not be able to perform such contract because of a defect in the title to the real estate, the person with whom such contract was made, or his legal representatives or assigns, may, in a civil action, recover from the vendor, not only the deposit money, with interest and costs, but also the reasonable expenses of examining the title and making a survey of the property, unless the contract shall provide otherwise. This section shall not preclude the recovery by the purchaser from the vendor of any other damages to which he may be entitled by law.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:29A-1 - Money deposited or advanced for purchase of dwelling house as trust fund

2A:29A-1. Money deposited or advanced for purchase of dwelling house as trust fund
All moneys paid as a deposit or advance by a person who has contracted or agreed to purchase a dwelling house to be constructed, shall constitute trust funds for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of said contract or agreement. In any case in which more than 1 dwelling house is to be constructed as part of the development of a tract of land, said trust funds may be used in the development of said tracts of land. Any use of said moneys, other than for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of said contract or agreement, shall constitute an unlawful diversion of trust funds.
L.1962, c. 208, s. 1, eff. July 1, 1962.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:29A-2 - Enforcement of trust; jurisdiction

2A:29A-2. Enforcement of trust; jurisdiction
Any trust arising under the provisions of this act shall be enforceable by a civil action in the Superior Court of New Jersey and that court shall have jurisdiction to make any appropriate order or judgment both pendente lite and final to fully effectuate the purposes of this act.
L.1962, c. 208, s. 2.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:29A-3 - Insolvency or bankruptcy of person receiving money deposited or advanced

2A:29A-3. Insolvency or bankruptcy of person receiving money deposited or advanced
In the event of the insolvency or bankruptcy of the person receiving the said moneys, the claim of the person who paid the said moneys shall constitute a statutory trust with respect to any moneys so received and not previously expended in accordance with the terms of the contract or agreement.
L.1962, c. 208, s. 3.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:29A-4 - Unlawful diversion of trust funds; offender as disorderly person

2A:29A-4. Unlawful diversion of trust funds; offender as disorderly person
Any person party to said contract or agreement, or any agent of said person, or any officer of a corporation receiving said moneys, who with knowledge that such moneys constitute trust funds, unlawfully diverts or consents to an unlawful diversion of such moneys shall be a disorderly person and subject to a fine of not less than $200.00 or by imprisonment for not more than 30 days, or both.
L.1962, c. 208, s. 4.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:29B-1 - Liability for professional engineers, certain circumstances

2A:29B-1. Liability for professional engineers, certain circumstances
1. A professional engineer or engineering firm, or any employee or representative of a professional engineer or engineering firm, who is assisting or representing the professional engineer or firm, shall only be liable for any injury on a construction project or site resulting from a breach or disregard of construction safety standards or practices on the construction project or site for which compensation is recoverable under R.S.34:15-7 et seq., if:
a. The professional engineer or firm has by written contract expressly assumed, to the extent stated therein, responsibility for the implementation, discharge or monitoring of safety standards or practices; or
b. In a multi-prime project, the professional engineer or firm is the representative of the project owner and no contractor has been designated to be responsible for site safety; or
c. It is shown that:
(1) The professional engineer or firm, including its employees or representatives, was present at the portion of the project or site for which the engineer had provided services, prior to or at the time of the accident, or both; and
(2) The professional engineer or firm, including its employees or representatives, had actual knowledge of the site conditions which are alleged to be a cause of an imminent danger; and
(3) The professional engineer or firm, including its employees or representatives, had the opportunity to notify the responsible contractor and worker of the presence of the site conditions which are alleged to be a cause of an imminent danger, and failed to do so within a reasonable period of time. If that notice is provided, and the responsible contractor fails to respond within one business day, the engineer or firm shall immediately provide that notice to the project owner.
L.1999,c.112,s.1.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:30-1 - Liability of plaintiff upon discontinuance without leave

2A:30-1. Liability of plaintiff upon discontinuance without leave
If the plaintiff in any action for the recovery of a penalty, not wholly appropriated to the use of the plaintiff, settles with the defendant, and discontinues the action without leave of the court, the plaintiff shall be liable to the state or to a political subdivision of the state, or to any other person, for so much of the penalty as would have accrued to the state or to the political subdivision, or to such other person, if judgment had been taken against the defendant.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:30A-1 - Definitions.

2A:30A-1 Definitions.
1. As used in this act:
"Billing" means, in accordance with the terms and definitions of the applicable contract, any periodic payment, final payment, written approved change order or request for release of retainage.
"Prime contractor" means a person who contracts with an owner to improve real property.
"Improve" means: to build, alter, repair or demolish any structure upon, connected with, on or beneath the surface of any real property; to excavate, clear, grade, fill or landscape any real property; to construct driveways and private roadways on real property; to furnish construction related materials, including trees and shrubbery, for any of the above purposes; or to perform any labor upon a structure, including any design, professional or skilled services furnished by an architect, engineer, land surveyor or landscape architect licensed or registered pursuant to the laws of this State.
"Structure" means all or any part of a building and other improvements to real property.
"Owner" means any person, including any public or governmental entity, who has an interest in the real property to be improved and who has contracted with a prime contractor for such improvement to be made. "Owner" shall be deemed to include any successor in interest or agent acting on behalf of an owner.
"Prime rate" means the base rate on corporate loans at large United States money center commercial banks.
"Real property" means the real estate that is improved upon or to be improved upon.
"Subcontractor" means any person who has contracted to furnish labor, materials or other services to a prime contractor in connection with a contract to improve real property.
"Subsubcontractor" means any person who has contracted to furnish labor, materials or other services to a subcontractor in connection with a contract to improve real property.
L.1991, c.133, s.1; amended 2006, c.96, s.1.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:30B-1 - Findings, declarations

2A:30B-1. Findings, declarations
1. The Legislature finds and declares that:
a. Child pornography is a lucrative business which sexually exploits children and preys on their vulnerability.
b. While criminal laws exist to penalize those who sexually exploit children, these laws are sometimes insufficient to protect and indemnify the victim and prevent the perpetrators from accumulating large profits from the making and distribution of "kiddie porn."
c. This act is designed to give the victims of child pornography a civil action against those persons who sexually exploit them for profit directly or indirectly which can be brought through a parent or guardian or child advocacy organization or by the victim upon reaching the age of majority. Any director, officer, servant, employee or other person authorized to act on behalf of a corporation may be personally liable if found liable individually or jointly with the corporation under the provisions of this act.
d. The act will allow victims to recover three times the financial gains made by those who exploit them and will authorize injunctive relief to halt the making and distribution of films and other materials.
L.1992,c.7,s.1.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:30B-2 - Definitions

2A:30B-2. Definitions
2. As used in this act:
a. "Child" means any person under 18 years of age;
b. "Person" means any natural person, association, partnership, corporation or other entity. "Corporation" includes any director, officer, servant, employee or other person authorized to act on behalf of a corporation;
c. "Prohibited sexual act" means
(1) Sexual intercourse; or
(2) Anal intercourse; or
(3) Masturbation; or
(4) Bestiality; or
(5) Sadism; or
(6) Masochism; or
(7) Fellatio; or
(8) Cunnilingus; or
(9) Nudity, if depicted for the purpose of sexual stimulation or gratification of any person who may view the depiction.
L.1992,c.7,s.2.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:30B-3 - Civil actions by child permitted

2A:30B-3. Civil actions by child permitted
3. a. A child, through a parent or guardian or child advocacy organization or personally upon reaching the age of majority, may bring a civil action in the Superior Court, in any county where venue lies, for monetary damages or injunctive relief or both, against a person who:
(1) Permits, entices or coerces the child to engage in a prohibited sexual act or in the simulation of such an act if the person knows, has reason to know or intends that the prohibited act may be photographed, filmed, reproduced, or reconstructed in any manner or may be part of an exhibition or performance;
(2) Photographs or films the child in a prohibited sexual act or in the simulation of such an act or who uses any device to reproduce or reconstruct the image of the child in a prohibited sexual act or in the simulation of such an act;
(3) Knowingly receives for the purpose of selling or who knowingly sells, procures, manufactures, gives, provides, lends, trades, mails, delivers, transfers, publishes, distributes, circulates, disseminates, presents, exhibits, advertises, offers or agrees to offer any photograph, film, videotape or any other reproduction or reconstruction which depicts the child engaging in a prohibited sexual act or in the simulation of such an act.
b. In any action brought pursuant to this act, the court shall, upon a finding for the plaintiff, award recovery of three times the amount of damages consisting of financial gains to the defendant resulting from the conduct described in paragraphs (1), (2) and (3) of subsection a. of this section, together with full costs and reasonable attorney's fees.
L.1992,c.7,s.3.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:30B-6 - Commencement of action.

2A:30B-6 Commencement of action.
6. In any action for injury based on P.L.1992, c.7 (C.2A:30B-1 et seq.), the cause of action shall accrue at the time of reasonable discovery of the injury and its causal relationship to the act. The action shall be subject to the statute of limitations set forth in section 2 of P.L.2019, c.120 (C.2A:14-2a).
L.1992, c.7, s.6; amended 2019, c.120, s.3.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:30B-7 - Other civil, criminal actions, personal liability of certain persons

2A:30B-7. Other civil, criminal actions, personal liability of certain persons
7. The right to bring an action under this act is in addition to and not in derogation of the right to bring any other civil or criminal action. This act shall be construed so that any director, officer, servant, employee or other person authorized to act on behalf of a corporation may be personally liable under the provisions of this act.
L.1992,c.7,s.7.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:31-1 - When action lies

2A:31-1. When action lies
When the death of a person is caused by a wrongful act, neglect or default, such as would, if death had not ensued, have entitled the person injured to maintain an action for damages resulting from the injury, the person who would have been liable in damages for the injury if death had not ensued shall be liable in an action for damages, notwithstanding the death of the person injured and although the death was caused under circumstances amounting in law to a crime.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:31-2 - Persons entitled to sue or make claim

2A:31-2. Persons entitled to sue or make claim
2A:31-2. a. Every action commenced under this chapter shall be brought in the name of an administrator ad prosequendum or administrator of the decedent for whose death damages are sought, except where decedent dies testate and his will is probated, in which event the executor named in the will and qualifying, or the administrator with the will annexed, as the case may be, shall bring the action.
b. In the case of a plaintiff who is qualified for appointment as administrator ad prosequendum, executor, or administrator with the will annexed, as the case may be, but who was not yet appointed as such at the time the plaintiff commenced an action under this chapter, the court may allow the plaintiff to be designated administrator ad prosequendum, executor, or administrator with the will annexed, as the case may be, and to allow the plaintiff to amend pleadings nunc pro tunc relating back to the plaintiff's first filed pleading to reflect the designation.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344; amended 2021, c.481, s.2.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:31-3 - Limitation of actions; exceptions

2A:31-3. Limitation of actions; exceptions
2A:31-3 Every action brought under this chapter shall be commenced within 2 years after the death of the decedent, and not thereafter, provided, however, that if the death resulted from murder, aggravated manslaughter or manslaughter for which the defendant has been convicted, found not guilty by reason of insanity or adjudicated delinquent, the action may be brought at any time.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344; amended 2000, c.157.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:31-4 - Persons entitled to amount recovered.

2A:31-4 Persons entitled to amount recovered.
2A:31-4. Persons entitled to amount recovered
The amount recovered in proceedings under this chapter shall be for the exclusive benefit of the persons entitled to take any intestate personal property of the decedent, and in the proportions in which they are entitled to take the same except if there is a surviving spouse of the decedent and one or more surviving descendants of the decedent they shall be entitled to equal proportions for purposes of recovery under this chapter notwithstanding the provisions of Title 3B of the New Jersey Statutes. If any of the persons so entitled in accordance with this section were dependent on the decedent at his death, they shall take the same as though they were sole persons so entitled, in such proportions, as shall be determined by the court without a jury, and as will result in a fair and equitable apportionment of the amount recovered, among them, taking into account in such determination, but not limited necessarily thereby, the age of the dependents, their physical and mental condition, the necessity or desirability of providing them with educational facilities, their financial condition and the availability to them of other means of support, present and future, and any other relevant factors which will contribute to a fair and equitable apportionment of the amount recovered.
Amended 1960, c.194, s.1; 2007, c.261, s.1.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:31-5 - Assessment of damages by jury.

2A:31-5 Assessment of damages by jury.
2A:31-5. Assessment of damages by jury.
In every action brought under the provisions of this chapter the jury may give such damages as they shall deem fair and just with reference to the pecuniary injuries resulting from such death, together with the hospital, medical and funeral expenses incurred for the deceased, to the persons entitled to any intestate personal property of the decedent in accordance with the provisions of N.J.S.2A:31-4.
Amended 1967, c.307, s.1; 2007, c.261, s.2.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:31-6 - To whom amount recovered paid; release or cancellation of judgment

2A:31-6. To whom amount recovered paid; release or cancellation of judgment
When an action is commenced by an administrator ad prosequendum under this chapter, no payment in settlement thereof or in satisfaction of a judgment rendered therein shall be made to him, but such payment shall be made only to the duly appointed general administrator of the estate of the decedent, who has filed a bond or supplemental bond adequate to protect the persons entitled to receive the amount so paid.
No release or cancellation of a judgment, whether by warrant or otherwise, by an administrator ad prosequendum or by his attorney of record or attorney in fact shall release the person making payment from liability to the persons entitled to any intestate personal property of the decedent, shall operate as a valid cancellation of the judgment or be an authority to the clerk of any court to cancel the judgment of record.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:32-1 - Remedies of person defrauded

2A:32-1. Remedies of person defrauded
Whenever there is fraud in the execution or consideration of a contract, the person defrauded at any time thereafter may institute a civil action, to recover the money owing on such contract although, by its terms, the debt contracted or the money secured to be paid thereby is not then due or payable; and the person defrauded may, upon discovery of the fraud, either rescind the contract entirely and recover the money or property obtained by the fraud, or, sue on the contract to recover thereon.
The plaintiff in such an action shall have all rights to which he would be entitled if the debt or obligation was due and payable at the time of the commencement of the action.
L.1951 (1st SS), c.344.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:32B-1 - Definitions relative to deceptive practices in musical performances.

2A:32B-1 Definitions relative to deceptive practices in musical performances.
1. As used in this act:
"Performing group" means a vocal or instrumental group seeking to use the name of another group that has previously released a commercial sound recording under that name.
"Recording group" means a vocal or instrumental group, at least one of whose members has previously released a commercial sound recording under that group's name and in which the member or members have a legal right by virtue of use or operation under the group name without having abandoned the name or affiliation with the group.
"Sound recording" means a work that results from the fixation on a material object of a series of musical, spoken or other sounds regardless of the nature of the material object, such as a disk, tape or other phono-record, in which the sounds are embodied.
L.2007, c.88, s.1.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:32B-2 - Conditions for advertising or conducting a live musical performance.

2A:32B-2 Conditions for advertising or conducting a live musical performance.
2. A person shall not advertise or conduct a live musical performance or production through the use of an affiliation, connection or association between the performing group and the recording group unless:
a. The performing group is the authorized registrant and owner of a federal service mark for the group registered in the United States Patent and Trademark Office; or
b. At least one member of the performing group was a member of the recording group and has a legal right by virtue of use or operation under the group name without having abandoned the name or affiliation of the group; or
c. The live musical performance or production is identified in all advertising and promotion as a salute or tribute; or
d. The advertising does not relate to a live musical performance or production taking place in this State; or
e. The performance or production is expressly authorized by the recording group.
L.2007, c.88, s.2.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:32B-3 - Violations, enforcement, penalties.

2A:32B-3 Violations, enforcement, penalties.
3. a. A person who violates the provisions of section 2 of this act shall be subject to a civil action brought by a party in the Superior Court or any other court of competent jurisdiction:
(1) for appropriate legal and equitable relief, including injunctive relief, and for treble damages, reasonable attorney's fees, filing fees, and costs for the injured party; and
(2) additionally, for a civil penalty of:
(a) not more than $10,000 for the first offense; and
(b) not more than $20,000 for the second and each subsequent offense.
b. The civil penalty prescribed by paragraph (2) of subsection a. of this section shall be collected and enforced by summary proceedings pursuant to the provisions of the "Penalty Enforcement Law of 1999," P.L.1999, c.274 (C.2A:58-10 et seq.).
c. A violation of the provisions of section 2 of this act shall also be an unlawful practice in violation of P.L.1960, c.39 (C.56:8-1 et seq.), and subject the violator to all available State or private actions, remedies, damages, and penalties under that act, including, but not limited to, the Attorney General seeking and obtaining an injunction pursuant to section 8 of P.L.1960, c.39 (C.56:8-8) and the assessment of a civil penalty pursuant to section 1 of P.L.1966, c.39 (C.56:8-13).
L.2007, c.88, s.3.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:32C-1 - Short title.

2A:32C-1 Short title.
1. Sections 1 through 15 and sections 17 and 18 of this act shall be known and may be cited as the "New Jersey False Claims Act."
L.2007, c.265, s.1.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:32C-2 - Definitions relative to false claims.

2A:32C-2 Definitions relative to false claims.
2. As used in this act:
"Attorney General" means the Attorney General of the State of New Jersey, or the Attorney General's designee.
"Claim" means any request or demand, under a contract or otherwise, for money or property, whether or not the State has title to the money or property, or for services, that is made to any employee, officer, or agent of the State, or is made to any contractor, grantee, or other recipient if the money, property, or service is to be spent or used on the State's behalf or to advance a State program or interest, if the State provides or has provided any portion of the money, property, or services requested or demanded or if the State will reimburse the contractor, grantee, or other recipient for any portion of the money, property, or services requested or demanded. The term does not include claims, records, or statements made in connection with State tax laws or requests or demands for money or property that the State has paid to an individual as compensation for governmental employment or as an income subsidy with no restrictions on that individual's use of the money or property.
"Knowing" or "knowingly" means, with respect to information, that a person:
(1) has actual knowledge of the information; or
(2) acts in deliberate ignorance of the truth or falsity of the information; or
(3) acts in reckless disregard of the truth or falsity of the information.
No proof of specific intent to defraud is required. Acts occurring by innocent mistake or as a result of mere negligence shall be a defense to an action under this act.
"Material" means having a natural tendency to influence, or be capable of influencing, the payment or receipt of money or property.
"Obligation" means an established duty, whether or not fixed, arising from an express or implied contractual, grantor-grantee, or licensor-licensee relationship, from a fee-based or similar relationship, from statute or regulation, or from the retention of any overpayment.
"State" means any of the principal departments in the Executive Branch of State government, and any division, board, bureau, office, commission or other instrumentality within or created by such department; and any independent State authority, commission, instrumentality or agency.
L.2007, c.265, s.2; amended 2023, c.73, s.1.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:32C-3 - Civil liability for false, fraudulent claim.

2A:32C-3 Civil liability for false, fraudulent claim.
3. A person shall be jointly and severally liable to the State for a civil penalty of not less than and not more than the civil penalty allowed under the federal False Claims Act (31 U.S.C.s.3729 et seq.), as may be adjusted in accordance with the inflation adjustment procedures prescribed in the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, Pub.L.101-410, for each false or fraudulent claim, plus three times the amount of damages which the State sustains, if the person commits any of the following acts:
a. Knowingly presents or causes to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment or approval;
b. Knowingly makes, uses, or causes to be made or used a false record or statement material to a false or fraudulent claim;
c. Conspires to commit any violation of subsection a., b., d., e., f., or g. of this section;
d. Has possession, custody, or control of public property or money used or to be used by the State and knowingly delivers or causes to be delivered less property or money than the amount for which the person receives a certificate or receipt;
e. Is authorized to make or deliver a document certifying receipt of property used or to be used by the State and, intending to defraud the entity, makes or delivers a receipt without completely knowing that the information on the receipt is true;
f. Knowingly buys, or receives as a pledge of an obligation or debt, public property from any person who lawfully may not sell or pledge the property; or
g. Knowingly makes, uses, or causes to be made or used a false record or statement material to an obligation to pay or transmit money or property to the State, or knowingly conceals or knowingly and improperly avoids or decreases an obligation to pay or transmit money or property to the State.
L.2007, c.265, s.3; amended 2023, c.73, s.2.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:32C-4 - Reduction of treble damages by court, conditions.

2A:32C-4 Reduction of treble damages by court, conditions.
4. The court may reduce the treble damages authorized under section 3 of this act to not less than twice the amount of damages which the State sustains if the court finds all of the following:
a. The person committing the violation furnished officials of the State responsible for investigating false claims violations with all information known to such person about the violation within 30 days after the date on which the person first obtained the information;
b. The person fully cooperated with any government investigation of the violation; and
c. At the time such person furnished the State with information about the violation, no criminal prosecution, civil action, or administrative action had commenced with respect to such violation, and the person did not have actual knowledge of the existence of an investigation into such violation.
L.2007, c.265, s.4.
2023 New Jersey Revised Statutes › Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice › Section 2A:32C-8 - Awarding of attorney's fees, expenses and costs.

2A:32C-8 Awarding of attorney's fees, expenses and costs.
8. a. If the Attorney General initiates an action under this act or assumes control of an action brought by a person under this act, the Attorney General shall be awarded reasonable attorney's fees, expenses, and costs. All such expenses, fees, and costs shall be awarded against the defendant.
b. If the court awards proceeds to the person bringing the action under this act, the person shall also be awarded an amount for reasonable attorney's fees, expenses, and costs. All such expenses, fees, and costs shall be awarded against the defendant.
c. If the Attorney General does not proceed with an action under this act and the defendant is the prevailing party, the court may award the defendant reasonable attorney's fees, expenses, and costs against the person bringing the action if the court finds that the claim of the person bringing the action was clearly frivolous, clearly vexatious, or brought primarily for purposes of harassment.
d. No liability shall be incurred by the State or the Attorney General for any expenses, attorney's fees, or other costs incurred by any person in bringing or defending an action under this act.
L.2007, c.265, s.8; amended 2009, c.265, s.2.