reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2305 | Jurisdiction; Limitation of Actions › Section 2305.236 | Immunity Concerning Domestic Violence Shelter Definitions.

Effective:
August 14, 2002
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 131 - 124th General Assembly
As used in sections 2305.236 to 2305.239 of the Revised Code:
(A) "Conduct" means actions or omissions.
(B) "Domestic violence," "shelter," and "shelter for victims of domestic violence" have the same meanings as in section 3113.33 of the Revised Code.
(C) "Perpetrator" means a person who allegedly has committed domestic violence and who bears one of the relationships specified in division (B) of section 3113.33 of the Revised Code to a victim of domestic violence who is a shelter client.
(D) "Harm" means injury, death, or loss to person or property.
(E) "Political subdivision" has the same meaning as in section 2744.01 of the Revised Code.
(F) "Tort action" means a civil action for damages for injury, death, or loss to person or property other than a civil action for damages for a breach of contract or another agreement between persons.
(G) "Volunteer" means an individual who provides any service at a shelter for victims of domestic violence without the expectation of receiving and without receiving any compensation or other form of remuneration, either directly or indirectly, for the provision of the service.
(H) "Shelter client" means a person who is a victim of domestic violence and who is seeking to use or is using the services or facilities of a shelter for victims of domestic violence.
(I) "Victim advocate" means a person from a crime victim service organization who provides support and assistance for a victim of a crime during court proceedings and recovery efforts related to the crime.
(J) "Crime victim service organization" means any organization that is not organized for profit and that is organized and operated to provide, or to contribute to the support of organizations or institutions organized and operated to provide, services and assistance for victims of crime.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2305 | Jurisdiction; Limitation of Actions › Section 2305.238 | Immunity Where Tort Committed Off Domestic Violence Shelter Premises.

Effective:
August 14, 2002
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 131 - 124th General Assembly
(A) Except as provided in division (B) of this section and subject to section 2305.239 of the Revised Code, a shelter for victims of domestic violence and a director, owner, trustee, officer, employee, victim advocate, or volunteer of the shelter are not liable in damages in a tort action for harm that a shelter client or other person who is on the premises allegedly sustains as a result of tortious conduct of a perpetrator that is committed on premises other than the shelter's premises if the perpetrator is not a director, owner, trustee, officer, employee, victim advocate, or volunteer of the shelter and if both of the following apply when the harm is caused:
(1) A director, owner, trustee, officer, employee, victim advocate, or volunteer of the shelter is providing assistance to a shelter client, including, but not limited to, accompanying the client to a health care practitioner's or attorney's office.
(2) The director, owner, trustee, officer, employee, victim advocate, or volunteer of the shelter is engaged in the course of that director's, owner's, trustee's, officer's, employee's, victim advocate's, or volunteer's employment, official responsibilities, or authorized services for the shelter.
(B) The immunity from tort liability conferred by division (A) of this section is not available to a shelter for victims of domestic violence or a director, owner, trustee, officer, employee, victim advocate, or volunteer of the shelter if the plaintiff in a tort action establishes, by clear and convincing evidence, that a director, owner, trustee, officer, employee, victim advocate, or volunteer of the shelter contributed to the harm sustained by a shelter client or other person who is on the premises, by an action or omission that involved malicious purpose, bad faith, or wanton or reckless conduct. For purposes of this division, "reckless conduct" includes the release of confidential information that pertains to a shelter client.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2305 | Jurisdiction; Limitation of Actions › Section 2305.239 | No New Cause of Action or Substantive Legal Rights Created - Effect on Other Laws.

Effective:
August 14, 2002
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 131 - 124th General Assembly
(A) Sections 2305.237 and 2305.238 of the Revised Code do not create a new cause of action or substantive legal right against a shelter for victims of domestic violence or a director, owner, trustee, officer, employee, victim advocate, or volunteer of the shelter.
(B) Sections 2305.237 and 2305.238 of the Revised Code do not affect any immunities from civil liability or defenses established under section 2305.234, 2744.02, or 2744.03 or another section of the Revised Code or available at common law to which a shelter for victims of domestic violence, a director, owner, trustee, officer, employee, victim advocate, or volunteer of the shelter, or a political subdivision associated with the shelter may be entitled in connection with alleged tort liability of third parties or in connection with circumstances not covered by section 2305.237 or 2305.238 of the Revised Code.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2305 | Jurisdiction; Limitation of Actions › Section 2305.24 | Information Furnished to Quality Assurance or Utilization Committee to Be Confidential.

Effective:
September 29, 2009
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 16 - 128th General Assembly
Any information, data, reports, or records made available to a quality assurance committee or utilization committee of a hospital or long-term care facility or of any not-for-profit health care corporation that is a member of the hospital or long-term care facility or of which the hospital or long-term care facility is a member are confidential and shall be used by the committee and the committee members only in the exercise of the proper functions of the committee. Any information, data, reports, or records made available to a utilization committee of a state or local medical society composed of doctors of medicine or doctors of osteopathic medicine are confidential and shall be used by the committee and the committee members only in the exercise of the proper functions of the committee. A right of action similar to that a patient may have against an attending physician for misuse of information, data, reports, or records arising out of the physician-patient relationship shall accrue against a member of a quality assurance committee or utilization committee for misuse of any information, data, reports, or records furnished to the committee by an attending physician. No physician, institution, hospital, or long-term care facility furnishing information, data, reports, or records to a committee with respect to any patient examined or treated by the physician or confined in the institution, hospital, or long-term care facility shall, by reason of the furnishing, be deemed liable in damages to any person, or be held to answer for betrayal of a professional confidence within the meaning and intent of section 4731.22 of the Revised Code. Information, data, or reports furnished to a utilization committee of a state or local medical society shall contain no name of any person involved therein.
Any information, data, reports, or records made available to a quality assurance committee of the bureau of workers' compensation or the industrial commission that is responsible for reviewing the professional qualifications and the performance of providers conducting medical examinations or file reviews for the bureau or the commission are confidential and shall be used by the committee and the committee members only in the exercise of the proper functions of the committee.
As used in this section, "utilization committee" is the committee established to administer a utilization review plan of a hospital, of a not-for-profit health care corporation which is a member of the hospital or of which the hospital is a member, or of a skilled nursing facility as provided in the "Health Insurance for the Aged Act," 79 Stat. 313 (1965), 42 U.S.C. 1395x(k).
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2305 | Jurisdiction; Limitation of Actions › Section 2305.253 | Incident or Risk Management Report Not Admissible or Discoverable.

Effective:
April 9, 2003
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 179 - 124th General Assembly
(A) Notwithstanding any contrary provision of section 149.43, 1751.21, 2305.24, 2305.25, 2305.251, 2305.252, or 2305.28 of the Revised Code, an incident report or risk management report and the contents of an incident report or risk management report are not subject to discovery in, and are not admissible in evidence in the trial of, a tort action. An individual who prepares or has knowledge of the contents of an incident report or risk management report shall not testify and shall not be required to testify in a tort action as to the contents of the report.
(B)(1) Except as specified in division (A) of this section, this section does not affect any provision of section 149.43, 1751.21, 2305.24, 2305.25, 2305.251, 2305.252, or 2305.28 of the Revised Code that describes, imposes, or confers any of the following:
(a) An immunity from tort or other civil liability;
(b) A forfeiture of an immunity from tort or other civil liability;
(c) A requirement of confidentiality;
(d) A limitation on the use of information, data, reports, or records;
(e) Tort or other civil liability;
(f) A limitation on discovery of matter, introduction into evidence of matter, or testimony pertaining to matter in a tort or other civil action.
(2) Divisions (A) and (B)(1) of this section do not prohibit or limit the discovery or admissibility of testimony or evidence relating to patient care that is within an individual's personal knowledge.
(3) Divisions (A) and (B)(1) and (2) of this section do not affect a privileged communication between an attorney and the attorney's client as described in section 2317.02 of the Revised Code.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2305 | Jurisdiction; Limitation of Actions › Section 2305.28 | Peer or Professional Standards Review Committee or Counseling and Assistance Committee of a Professional Organization Not Liable for Actions Taken.

Effective:
July 1, 1992
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 84 - 119th General Assembly
(A) As used in this section, "counseling and assistance committee" means a committee of a professional organization whose purpose is to render counseling and assistance to members of the profession whose personal or professional lives are or reasonably appear to be impaired by reason of substance abuse, chemical dependency, or mental illness.
(B) No member or employee of a peer review committee, professional standards review committee, or counseling and assistance committee of a state or local professional organization composed of doctors of chiropractic, doctors of veterinary medicine, attorneys at law, real estate brokers, architects, professional engineers, certified public accountants, public accountants, or registered nurses is liable to any person for any action taken or recommendation made within the scope of the functions of the committee, if the committee member or employee acts without malice and in the reasonable belief that the action or recommendation is warranted by the facts known to him after reasonable effort to obtain the facts of the matter as to which the action is taken or recommendation is made.
(C) Division (B) of this section also shall apply to any member or employee of a nonprofit corporation that is engaged in performing the functions of a peer review committee, professional standards review committee, or counseling and assistance committee of a state or local professional organization composed of doctors of chiropractic, doctors of veterinary medicine, attorneys at law, real estate brokers, architects, professional engineers, certified public accountants, public accountants, or registered nurses.
(D) No person who provides information to a peer review committee, professional standards review committee, or counseling and assistance committee of a state or local professional organization as described in division (B) of this section, to a nonprofit corporation as described in division (C) of this section, or to a member or employee of such a peer review committee, professional standards review committee, counseling and assistance committee, or nonprofit corporation, without malice and in the reasonable belief that the information is warranted by the facts known to him is liable in damages in a civil action as a result of providing that information.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2305 | Jurisdiction; Limitation of Actions › Section 2305.29 | No Civil Liability for Breach of a Promise to Marry, Alienation of Affections, or Criminal Conversation.

Effective:
June 26, 1978
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 248 - 112th General Assembly
No person shall be liable in civil damages for any breach of a promise to marry, alienation of affections, or criminal conversation, and no person shall be liable in civil damages for seduction of any person eighteen years of age or older who is not incompetent, as defined in section 2111.01 of the Revised Code.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2305 | Jurisdiction; Limitation of Actions › Section 2305.31 | Promisee Indemnified Against Damage Liability.

Effective:
November 19, 1975
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 489 - 111th General Assembly
A covenant, promise, agreement, or understanding in, or in connection with or collateral to, a contract or agreement relative to the design, planning, construction, alteration, repair, or maintenance of a building, structure, highway, road, appurtenance, and appliance, including moving, demolition, and excavating connected therewith, pursuant to which contract or agreement the promisee, or its independent contractors, agents or employees has hired the promisor to perform work, purporting to indemnify the promisee, its independent contractors, agents, employees, or indemnitees against liability for damages arising out of bodily injury to persons or damage to property initiated or proximately caused by or resulting from the negligence of the promisee, its independent contractors, agents, employees, or indemnitees is against public policy and is void. Nothing in this section shall prohibit any person from purchasing insurance from an insurance company authorized to do business in the state of Ohio for his own protection or from purchasing a construction bond.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2305 | Jurisdiction; Limitation of Actions › Section 2305.32 | Sponsoring Employer in Ridesharing Arrangements Not Liable.

Effective:
July 1, 1982
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 53 - 114th General Assembly
(A) As used in this section:
(1) "Ridesharing arrangement" means the transportation of persons in a motor vehicle where such transportation is incidental to another purpose of a volunteer driver and includes ridesharing arrangements known as carpools, vanpools, and buspools.
(2) "Employer" has the same meaning as in section 4123.01 of the Revised Code.
(B) An employer shall not be liable for injuries to passengers and other persons resulting from the operation or use of a motor vehicle, not owned, leased, or contracted for by the employer, in a ridesharing arrangement.
(C) An employer shall not be liabile for injuries to passengers and other persons because the employer provides information, incentives, or otherwise encourages his employees to participate in ridesharing arrangements.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2305 | Jurisdiction; Limitation of Actions › Section 2305.34 | Hydrant Failure of Nonprofit Corporation or Water and Sewer District No Liability.

Effective:
August 21, 1997
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 25 - 122nd General Assembly
(A) Neither a nonprofit corporation organized under Chapter 1702. of the Revised Code that owns or operates a water supply or waterworks that regularly serves persons located outside a municipal corporation nor a regional water and sewer district organized under Chapter 6119. of the Revised Code is liable in damages in a civil action for injury, death, or loss to person or property that allegedly arises from the failure of a hydrant controlled by the corporation or district to provide a sufficient quantity of water or sufficient water pressure to adequately suppress a fire of any size, regardless of whether the hydrant was designed for use as a fire hydrant or whether a fire department uses the hydrant with the permission of the corporation or district. All low-pressure hydrants in a municipal corporation or regional water and sewer district shall be designated as such by being painted a conspicuous color distinguishing low-pressure hydrants from high-pressure hydrants in the municipal corporation or regional water and sewer district.
(B) This section does not create, and shall not be construed as creating, a new cause of action against or substantive legal right against a nonprofit corporation described in division (A) of this section or a regional water and sewer district.
(C) This section does not affect, and shall not be construed as affecting, any immunities from civil liability or defenses established by any other provisions of the Revised Code, including, without limitation, Chapter 2744. of the Revised Code in the case of a regional water and sewer district, or any immunities from civil liability or defenses available at common law, to which a nonprofit corporation described in division (A) of this section or a regional water and sewer district may be entitled under circumstances not covered by this section.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2305 | Jurisdiction; Limitation of Actions › Section 2305.41 | Duties to Disabled Persons Definitions.

Effective:
October 17, 2019
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 166 - 133rd General Assembly
As used in sections 2305.41 to 2305.49 of the Revised Code:
(A) "Disabled condition" means the condition of being unconscious, semiconscious, incoherent, or otherwise incapacitated to communicate.
(B) "Disabled person" means a person in a disabled condition.
(C) "Emergency symbol" means the caduceus inscribed within a six-barred cross used by the American medical association to denote emergency information.
(D) "Identifying device" means an identifying bracelet, necklace, metal tag, or similar device bearing the emergency symbol and the information needed in an emergency.
(E) "Identification card" means any card containing the holder's name, type of medical condition, physician's name, and other medical information. "Identification card" does not include any license or permit issued pursuant to Chapter 4507. of the Revised Code.
(F) "Medical practitioner" means an individual authorized under Chapter 4731. of the Revised Code to practice medicine and surgery or osteopathic medicine and surgery.
(G) "Paramedic" has the meaning given in section 4765.01 of the Revised Code.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2305 | Jurisdiction; Limitation of Actions › Section 2305.42 | Identifying Devices.

Effective:
April 6, 2023
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 281 - 134th General Assembly
(A) A person who has epilepsy, diabetes, a cardiac condition, or any other type of illness that causes temporary blackouts, semiconscious periods, or complete unconsciousness, or who has a condition requiring specific medication or medical treatment, is allergic to certain medications or items used in medical treatment, wears contact lenses, has religious objections to certain forms of medication or medical treatment, or is unable to communicate coherently or effectively in the English language, is authorized and encouraged to wear an identifying device.
(B) Any person may carry an identification card.
(C) By wearing an identifying device a person gives consent for any law enforcement officer or medical practitioner who finds the person in a disabled condition to make a reasonable search of the person's clothing or other effects for an identification card.
Last updated January 25, 2023 at 11:09 AM
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2305 | Jurisdiction; Limitation of Actions › Section 2305.43 | Duty of Law Enforcement Officer.

Effective:
April 6, 2023
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 281 - 134th General Assembly
(A) A law enforcement officer shall make a diligent effort to determine whether any disabled person the officer finds is an epileptic or a diabetic, or has some other type of illness that would cause the condition. Whenever feasible, this effort shall be made before the person is charged with a crime or taken to a place of detention.
(B) In seeking to determine whether a disabled person has an illness, a law enforcement officer may make a reasonable search for an identifying device and an identification card and examine them for emergency information. The law enforcement officer may not search for an identifying device or an identification card in a manner or to an extent that would appear to a reasonable person in the circumstances to cause an unreasonable risk of worsening the disabled person's condition.
(C) A law enforcement officer who finds a disabled person without an identifying device or identification card is not relieved of the duty to that person to make a diligent effort to ascertain the existence of any illness causing the disabled condition.
(D) A cause of action against a law enforcement officer does not arise from the officer making a reasonable search of the disabled person to locate an identifying device or identification card, even though the person is not wearing an identifying device or carrying an identification card.
(E) A law enforcement officer who determines or has reason to believe that a disabled person has an illness causing the person's condition shall promptly notify the person's physician, if practicable. If the officer is unable to ascertain the physician's identity or to communicate with the physician, the officer shall make a reasonable effort to cause the disabled person to be transported immediately to a medical practitioner or to a facility where medical treatment is available. If the officer believes it unduly dangerous to move the disabled person, the officer shall make a reasonable effort to obtain the assistance of a medical practitioner.
Last updated January 25, 2023 at 11:10 AM
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2305 | Jurisdiction; Limitation of Actions › Section 2305.44 | Duty of Medical Practitioner.

Effective:
September 30, 1976
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 1217 - 111th General Assembly
(A) A medical practitioner or a trained paramedic, in discharging his duty to a disabled person whom he has undertaken to examine or treat, shall make a reasonable search for an identifying device or identification card and examine them for emergency information.
(B) A cause of action against a medical practitioner or a trained paramedic does not arise from his making a reasonable search of a disabled person to locate an identifying device or identification card, even though the person is not wearing an identifying device or carrying an identification card.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2305 | Jurisdiction; Limitation of Actions › Section 2305.45 | Duty of Others.

Effective:
September 30, 1976
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 1217 - 111th General Assembly
(A) A person, other than a law enforcement officer, medical practitioner, or a trained paramedic, who finds a disabled person shall make a reasonable effort to notify a law enforcement officer or medical practitioner. If a law enforcement officer or medical practitioner is not present, a person who finds a disabled person may:
(1) Make a reasonable search for an identifying device;
(2) If the identifying device is found, make a reasonable search for an identification card.
If a device or card is located, the person making the search shall attempt promptly to bring its contents to the attention of a law enforcement officer or medical practitioner.
(B) A cause of action does not arise from a reasonable search to locate an identifying device or identification card as authorized by division (A) of this section.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2305 | Jurisdiction; Limitation of Actions › Section 2305.46 | False Identifying Information.

Effective:
September 30, 1976
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 1217 - 111th General Assembly
(A) No person, with purpose to deceive, shall provide, wear, use, or possess a false identifying device or identification card.
(B) Whoever violates division (A) of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor of the third degree.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2305 | Jurisdiction; Limitation of Actions › Section 2305.47 | Other Duties.

Effective:
September 30, 1976
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 1217 - 111th General Assembly
The duties imposed by sections 2305.41 to 2305.49 of the Revised Code are in addition to, and not in limitation of, other duties existing under the law of this state.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2305 | Jurisdiction; Limitation of Actions › Section 2305.48 | Uniformity of Application.

Effective:
September 30, 1976
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 1217 - 111th General Assembly
Sections 2305.41 to 2305.49 of the Revised Code shall be so applied and construed as to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform among the states the law with respect to duties to disabled persons.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2305 | Jurisdiction; Limitation of Actions › Section 2305.49 | Title and Citation.

Effective:
September 30, 1976
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 1217 - 111th General Assembly
Sections 2305.41 to 2305.49 of the Revised Code may be cited as the "uniform duties to disabled persons act."
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2305 | Jurisdiction; Limitation of Actions › Section 2305.52 | Hold Harmless Clauses in Motor Carrier Transportation Contracts.

Effective:
March 23, 2016
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 71 - 131st General Assembly
(A) Except as provided in division (B) of this section, a provision, clause, covenant, or agreement contained in, collateral to, or affecting a motor carrier transportation contract that purports to indemnify, defend, or hold harmless, or has the effect of indemnifying, defending, or holding harmless, the promisee from or against any liability for loss or damage resulting from the negligence or intentional acts or omissions of the promisee is void as against public policy.
(B) This section does not apply to the uniform interchange and facilities access agreement, administered by the intermodal association of North America or other agreements providing for the interchange, use, or possession of intermodal chassis or other intermodal equipment.
(C) For purposes of this section:
(1) "Motor carrier" has the same meaning as in section 4923.01 of the Revised Code.
(2) "Motor carrier transportation contract" means a contract, agreement, or understanding covering any of the following:
(a) The transportation of property for compensation or hire by a motor carrier;
(b) Entrance onto property by a motor carrier for the purpose of loading, unloading, or transporting property for compensation or hire;
(c) A service incidental to an activity described in division (C)(2)(a) or (b) of this section.
(3) "Promisee" means the person who enters into a motor carrier transportation contract with a motor carrier. "Promisee" includes any agent, employee, servant, or independent contractor who is directly responsible to the promisee. "Promisee" does not include a motor carrier who is a party to a motor carrier transportation contract with the promisee, and that motor carrier's agents, employees, servants, or independent contractors directly responsible to that motor carrier.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2307 | Civil Actions › Section 2307.01 | Action Defined.

Effective:
October 1, 1953
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 1 - 100th General Assembly
An action is an ordinary proceeding in a court of justice, involving process, pleadings, and ending in a judgment or decree, by which a party prosecutes another for the redress of a legal wrong, enforcement of a legal right, or the punishment of a public offense.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2307 | Civil Actions › Section 2307.06 | Suit on Bond.

Effective:
October 1, 1953
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 1 - 100th General Assembly
When a person forfeits his bond, or renders his sureties liable thereon, a person injured thereby, or who is entitled to the benefit of the security, may bring an action thereon, in his own name, against the person and his sureties, to recover the amount to which he is entitled by reason of the delinquency, which action may be prosecuted on a certified copy of the bond. A judgment for one delinquency does not preclude the same for another person from bringing an action on the instrument for another delinquency.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2307 | Civil Actions › Section 2307.07 | Copy of Bond.

Effective:
October 1, 1953
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 1 - 100th General Assembly
On tender of the proper fee, the custodian of the bond referred to in section 2307.06 of the Revised Code shall deliver a copy thereof to a person claiming to be injured. The requirements of such section are not imperative, if other provision is made by law.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2307 | Civil Actions › Section 2307.09 | Married Woman May Sue and Be Sued.

Effective:
October 1, 1953
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 1 - 100th General Assembly
A married woman may sue and be sued as if she were unmarried, and her husband may be joined with her only when the cause of action is in favor of or against both.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2307 | Civil Actions › Section 2307.10 | Wife's Right to Defend.

Effective:
October 1, 1953
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 1 - 100th General Assembly
When husband and wife are sued together, the wife may defend for her own right; and if the husband neglects to defend she also may defend for his right.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2307 | Civil Actions › Section 2307.12 | Next Friend Liable for Costs.

Effective:
October 1, 1953
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 1 - 100th General Assembly
The next friend shall be liable for the costs of the action brought by him. When a next friend is insolvent the court, on motion, may require security for such costs.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2307 | Civil Actions › Section 2307.131 | Appointment of Trustee of Interest of Person Not Yet Born - Representing Future Interest of Charitable Trust.

Effective:
October 4, 1955
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 30 - 101st General Assembly
If in any action it shall appear that any persons not yet born are or may become entitled to, or may upon coming into being claim to be entitled to, any future interest, legal or equitable, whether arising by way of remainder, reversion, possibility of reverter, executory devise, upon the happening of a condition subsequent, or otherwise, in any property, real or personal, involved in such suit, the court may, and upon the application of any party to the action shall, appoint some competent and disinterested person as trustee of the interest of such persons not yet born, to appear for and represent in such cause such future interest and to defend the suit for and on behalf of such persons not yet born; and any judgment or decree rendered in such suit shall be as binding and effectual for all purposes as though such persons were born and were parties to such suit. Such persons not yet born need not be served by publication.
In case the beneficiary of any such future interest is a charitable trust, not in being, service shall be made upon the attorney general who shall represent such interest.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2307 | Civil Actions › Section 2307.14 | Compensation and Replacement of Guardian Ad Litem or Trustee.

Effective:
May 14, 2008
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 157 - 127th General Assembly
The court shall require a guardian ad litem, or a trustee appointed under section 2307.131 of the Revised Code, faithfully to discharge the guardian ad litem's or trustee's duty, and upon failure to do so, may remove the guardian ad litem or trustee, and appoint another. The court may fix a compensation for the guardian ad litem's or trustee's services, which shall be taxed in the costs against the minor or the unborn persons.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2307 | Civil Actions › Section 2307.15 | Determination of Insanity of a Party.

Effective:
October 1, 1953
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 1 - 100th General Assembly
When the insanity of a party is not manifest to the court, and the fact of insanity is disputed by a party or an attorney in the action, the court may try the question, or impanel a jury to try it.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2307 | Civil Actions › Section 2307.16 | Partnership May Sue or Be Sued by Its Name.

Effective:
July 6, 2001
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 108 - 124th General Assembly
A partnership formed for the purpose of carrying on a trade or business in this state, or holding property in this state, may sue or be sued by the usual or ordinary name that it has assumed, or by which it is known.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2307 | Civil Actions › Section 2307.17 | Person Claiming Property Interest May Be Made a Party.

Effective:
July 6, 2001
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 108 - 124th General Assembly
In an action for the recovery of real or personal property, a person claiming an interest in the property, on application, may be made a party.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2307 | Civil Actions › Section 2307.18 | Officer Acting Under Process May Interplead.

Effective:
July 6, 2001
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 108 - 124th General Assembly
A judicial officer against whom an action is brought to recover personal property taken by the officer on execution, or for the proceeds of such property sold by the officer, upon exhibiting to the court the process under which the officer acted, with the officer's affidavit that the property was taken or sold by the officer under such process, may have the benefit of Civil Rule 22, against the party in whose favor the execution issued.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2307 | Civil Actions › Section 2307.23 | Determining Percentage of Tortious Conduct Attributable to Party in Tort Action.

Effective:
April 7, 2005
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 80 - 125th General Assembly
(A) In determining the percentage of tortious conduct attributable to a party in a tort action under section 2307.22 or sections 2315.32 to 2315.36 of the Revised Code, the court in a nonjury action shall make findings of fact, and the jury in a jury action shall return a general verdict accompanied by answers to interrogatories, that shall specify all of the following:
(1) The percentage of tortious conduct that proximately caused the injury or loss to person or property or the wrongful death that is attributable to the plaintiff and to each party to the tort action from whom the plaintiff seeks recovery in this action;
(2) The percentage of tortious conduct that proximately caused the injury or loss to person or property or the wrongful death that is attributable to each person from whom the plaintiff does not seek recovery in this action.
(B) The sum of the percentages of tortious conduct as determined pursuant to division (A) of this section shall equal one hundred per cent.
(C) For purposes of division (A)(2) of this section, it is an affirmative defense for each party to the tort action from whom the plaintiff seeks recovery in this action that a specific percentage of the tortious conduct that proximately caused the injury or loss to person or property or the wrongful death is attributable to one or more persons from whom the plaintiff does not seek recovery in this action. Any party to the tort action from whom the plaintiff seeks recovery in this action may raise an affirmative defense under this division at any time before the trial of the action.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2307 | Civil Actions › Section 2307.24 | Joint and Several Liability That Is Not Based in Tort.

Effective:
April 9, 2003
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 120 - 124th General Assembly
(A) Sections 2307.22 and 2307.23 of the Revised Code do not affect joint and several liability that is not based in tort.
(B) Sections 2307.22 and 2307.23 of the Revised Code do not affect any other section of the Revised Code or the common law of this state to the extent that the other section or common law makes a principal, master, or other person vicariously liable for the tortious conduct of an agent, servant, or other person. For purposes of section 2307.22 of the Revised Code, a principal and agent, a master and servant, or other persons having a vicarious liability relationship shall constitute a single party when determining percentages of tortious conduct in a tort action in which vicarious liability is asserted.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2307 | Civil Actions › Section 2307.25 | Right of Contribution.

Effective:
April 9, 2003
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 120 - 124th General Assembly
(A) Except as otherwise provided in sections 2307.25 to 2307.28 of the Revised Code, if one or more persons are jointly and severally liable in tort for the same injury or loss to person or property or for the same wrongful death, there may be a right of contribution even though judgment has not been recovered against all or any of them. The right of contribution exists only in favor of a tortfeasor who has paid more than that tortfeasor's proportionate share of the common liability, and that tortfeasor's total recovery is limited to the amount paid by that tortfeasor in excess of that tortfeasor's proportionate share. No tortfeasor may be compelled to make contribution beyond that tortfeasor's own proportionate share of the common liability. There is no right of contribution in favor of any tortfeasor against whom an intentional tort claim has been alleged and established.
(B) A tortfeasor who enters into a settlement with a claimant is not entitled to contribution from another tortfeasor whose liability for the injury or loss to person or property or the wrongful death is not extinguished by the settlement, or in respect to any amount paid in a settlement that is in excess of what is reasonable.
(C) A liability insurer that by payment has discharged in full or in part the liability of a tortfeasor and has discharged in full by the payment its obligation as insurer is subrogated to the tortfeasor's right of contribution to the extent of the amount it has paid in excess of the tortfeasor's proportionate share of the common liability. This division does not limit or impair any right of subrogation arising from any other relationship.
(D) This section does not impair any right of indemnity under existing law. If one tortfeasor is entitled to indemnity from another, the right of the indemnity obligee is for indemnity and not contribution, and the indemnity obligor is not entitled to contribution from the obligee for any portion of the indemnity obligation.
(E) This section does not apply to breaches of trust or of other fiduciary obligations.
(F) The proportionate shares of tortfeasors in the common liability shall be based upon their relative degrees of legal responsibility. If equity requires the collective liability of some as a group, the group shall constitute a single share, and principles of equity applicable to contribution generally shall apply.
(G) Whether or not judgment has been entered in an action against two or more tortfeasors for the same injury or loss to person or property or for the same wrongful death, contribution may be enforced by separate action.
(H) Whenever the provisions of the "Federal Tort Claims Act," 60 Stat. 842 (1946), 28 U.S.C. 2671 et seq., are applicable to a tort and the United States is held liable in tort, the United States has no right of contribution under this section against the state pursuant to the waiver of sovereign immunity contained in Chapter 2743. of the Revised Code.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2307 | Civil Actions › Section 2307.26 | Enforcing Contribution One or More Tortfeasors.

Effective:
April 9, 2003
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 120 - 124th General Assembly
If a judgment that imposes joint and several liability has been entered in an action against one or more tortfeasors for the same injury or loss to person or property or for the same wrongful death, contribution may be enforced in that action by judgment in favor of one against other judgment debtors, by motion, upon notice to all parties to the action. If there is a judgment for the injury or loss to person or property or the wrongful death against the tortfeasor seeking contribution, that tortfeasor shall commence any separate action to enforce contribution within one year after the judgment has become final by lapse of time for appeal or after appellate review.
If there is no judgment for the injury or loss to person or property or the wrongful death against the tortfeasor seeking contribution, that tortfeasor's right of contribution is barred unless either of the following applies:
(A) That tortfeasor has discharged by payment the common liability within the statute of limitations period applicable to the claimant's right of action against that tortfeasor and has commenced that tortfeasor's action for contribution within one year after the payment.
(B) That tortfeasor has agreed while an action is pending against that tortfeasor to discharge the common liability and has paid within one year after the agreement the common liability and commenced that tortfeasor's action for contribution.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2307 | Civil Actions › Section 2307.27 | Satisfying Judgment - Apportioning Liability.

Effective:
April 9, 2003
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 120 - 124th General Assembly
(A) The recovery of a judgment for an injury or loss to person or property or a wrongful death against one tortfeasor does not of itself discharge the other tortfeasors from liability for the injury, loss, or wrongful death unless the judgment is satisfied. The satisfaction of the judgment does not impair any right of contribution.
(B) Valid answers to interrogatories by a jury or findings of fact by a court sitting without a jury in determining the percentage of liability of several defendants for an injury or loss to person or property or a wrongful death shall be binding as among those defendants in determining their right to contribution.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2307 | Civil Actions › Section 2307.28 | Release or a Covenant Not to Sue or Not to Enforce Judgment.

Effective:
April 9, 2003
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 120 - 124th General Assembly
When a release or a covenant not to sue or not to enforce judgment is given in good faith to one of two or more persons for the same injury or loss to person or property or the same wrongful death, both of the following apply:
(A) The release or covenant does not discharge any of the other tortfeasors from liability for the injury, loss, or wrongful death unless its terms otherwise provide, but it reduces the claim against the other tortfeasors to the extent of the greater of any amount stipulated by the release or the covenant or the amount of the consideration paid for it, except that the reduction of the claim against the other tortfeasors shall not apply in any case in which the reduction results in the plaintiff recovering less than the total amount of the plaintiff's compensatory damages awarded by the trier of fact and except that in any case in which the reduction does not apply the plaintiff shall not recover more than the total amount of the plaintiff's compensatory damages awarded by the trier of fact.
(B) The release or covenant discharges the person to whom it is given from all liability for contribution to any other tortfeasor.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2307 | Civil Actions › Section 2307.29 | Contribution Rights Relation to Other Statutes.

Effective:
April 7, 2005
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 80 - 125th General Assembly
No provision of sections 2307.25 to 2307.28 of the Revised Code applies to a tort claim to the extent that sections 2307.22 to 2307.24 or sections 2315.32 to 2315.36 of the Revised Code make a party against whom a judgment is entered liable to the plaintiff only for the proportionate share of that party as described in those sections.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2307 | Civil Actions › Section 2307.30 | Separate Composition of Joint Debtor With Creditor.

Effective:
August 6, 2008
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 332 - 127th General Assembly
(A) A joint debtor may make a separate composition or compromise with any creditor. Any composition or compromise shall be a full and effectual discharge to the debtor who makes it, but only to that person, from all liability to the creditor with whom it is made, according to its terms. A debtor who makes such a composition or compromise may take from the creditor a note or memorandum in writing exonerating the debtor from all individual liability incurred by reason of the joint debt. That note or memorandum may be given in evidence to bar the creditor's right of recovery against the debtor. If joint liability is by judgment in a court of record in this state, on production to and filing of the note or memorandum with the clerk of the court, the clerk shall discharge the judgment of record as far as the compromising debtor is concerned.
(B) A compromise or composition with one joint debtor shall not discharge other joint debtors or impair the right of the creditor to proceed against other joint debtors who have not been discharged. A joint debtor who is proceeded against may counterclaim against the creditor for any demand that could have been asserted as a counterclaim had the suit by the creditor been brought against all of the joint debtors.
(C) A compromise or discharge of one joint debtor does not prevent the other joint debtors from availing themselves of any defense, except that they shall not set up the discharge of one debtor as a discharge of the others unless it appears that all were intended to be discharged. The discharge of one debtor is deemed a payment to the creditor equal to the proportionate liability of the discharged debtor.
(D) A compromise or composition by a joint debtor with a creditor does not affect any right the other joint debtors have to call on the discharged debtor for that person's ratable portion of the joint debt.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 23 | Courts-Common Pleas › Chapter 2307 | Civil Actions › Section 2307.381 | Long-Arm Statute Definitions.

Effective:
September 28, 1965
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 406 - 106th General Assembly
As used in sections 2307.381 to 2307.385, inclusive, of the Revised Code, "person" includes an individual, his executor, administrator, or other personal representative, or a corporation, partnership, association, or any other legal or commercial entity, who is a nonresident of this state.