reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 14-A - Apportionment or Allocation of Registration Fee Agreement › 405-G - Refunds.

§ 405-g. Refunds.   1.   The   provisions   of  section  four  hundred
  twenty-eight of this chapter shall not apply to refunds of fees paid  in
  accordance with the provisions of any agreement entered into pursuant to
  authority granted in section four hundred five of this article.
2. Any fee paid directly to the commissioner for the registration of a
  vehicle  for  operation  within  this state under the provisions of this
  article which is to be paid into the general fund  pursuant  to  section
  four  hundred  five-f of this article shall be refunded, less the sum of
  five dollars, provided that  the  commissioner  is  satisfied  that  the
  registration  has  not  been  used and all number plates, cab cards, and
  other documents have been surrendered to  the  commissioner  within  two
  months  after  the  date  the  fee  was  paid  or  the  beginning of the
  registration period for which the  registration  was  issued,  whichever
  comes  later  and  application  therefor  is filed with the commissioner
  within the period of validity for which such registration was issued.
3. Any fee paid to any other jurisdiction on behalf of this state  for
  operation of a vehicle within this state which has been forwarded to the
  commissioner by that jurisdiction shall be refunded less the sum of five
  dollars  provided  the jurisdiction which collected the fee has refunded
  to the applicant any fee collected by that jurisdiction  on  its  behalf
  and  any number plate, cab card or other document affecting operation in
  this  state  has  been  surrendered  to  such   jurisdiction   and   the
  commissioner  is  satisfied  that  any  such  plate,  cab  card or other
  document has not been used within this  state  and  an  application  for
  refund is made within the period of validity for which such registration
  was issued.
4.  Where  a refund of any part of a registration fee is made pursuant
  to the foregoing provisions of  this  section,  the  registration  shall
  thereupon be automatically cancelled.
5.  No fee paid for a trip permit for a cab card or for a number plate
  or plates shall be refunded.
6. Money  paid  for  fees  in  conjunction  with  an  application  for
  registration under this article in excess of the amounts required by law
  may  be  refunded  subject  to  approval  of  the  commissioner provided
  application therefor is filed with  the  commissioner  within  one  year
  after  the  date  the fee was paid or on or before the expiration of the
  registration for which such fee  was  paid  or  within  one  year  after
  issuance  of  an  audit  report indicating such excess payment whichever
  occurs later.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 14-A - Apportionment or Allocation of Registration Fee Agreement › 405-H - Effect on Reciprocal Recognition of Registrations and Other Reciprocity or Proration Agreements.

§ 405-h. Effect  on  reciprocal recognition of registrations and other
  reciprocity or proration agreements.  1.    The  provisions  of  article
  fourteen-B  of this chapter and of paragraph (b) of subdivision three of
  section two hundred fifty of this chapter shall be applicable only  with
  respect  to  jurisdictions  which  are not parties to any agreement this
  state has entered into pursuant to the authority granted in section four
  hundred five of this article.
2. Except as otherwise provided in this  section,  the  provisions  of
  section   two   hundred  fifty  of  this  chapter  governing  reciprocal
  recognition of registrations shall apply to any vehicle not  covered  by
  any  agreement  entered  into  by  this  state pursuant to the authority
  granted in section four hundred five of this article.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 14-A - Apportionment or Allocation of Registration Fee Agreement › 405-I - Regulatory Authority.

§ 405-i. Regulatory  authority.  The  commissioner  is  authorized  to
  promulgate rules and regulations to implement the administration of  any
  agreement entered into pursuant to the authority granted in section four
  hundred five of this article.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 14-B - Bus Taxation Proration and Reciprocity Agreement › 407 - Administrator Defined.

§ 407. Administrator   defined.   As  used  in  this  agreement,  with
  reference  to  this  state,  the  term  administrator  shall  mean   the
  commissioner of motor vehicles.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 14-B - Bus Taxation Proration and Reciprocity Agreement › 408 - Administration.

§ 408. Administration.  The  administrator  of  the agreement for this
  state shall have the power to make such exemptions from the coverage  of
  the  agreement as may be appropriate and to make such changes in methods
  for the reporting of any information required to be  furnished  to  this
  state  pursuant to the agreement as, in his judgment, shall be suitable;
  provided that any such exemptions or changes shall not  be  contrary  to
  the  purpose set forth in article one of the agreement and shall be made
  in order to permit the continuance of uniformity of practice  among  the
  contracting  states with respect to busses. Any such exemption or change
  shall be made by rule or regulation and shall not  be  effective  unless
  made  by  the same procedure required for other rules and regulations of
  his department. If not otherwise covered by statute,  the  administrator
  may  make  provision  for  publication  of  the  rules  and  regulations
  contemplated by this section.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 15 - Registration of Motorcycles › 411 - Distinctive Number; Form of Number Plates.

§ 411. Distinctive  number;  form of number plates. 1. No person shall
  operate or drive a motorcycle on  the  public  highways  of  this  state
  unless such motorcycle shall have a distinctive number assigned to it by
  the  commissioner  and  a number plate issued by the commissioner with a
  number  corresponding  to  that  of  the  certificate  of   registration
  conspicuously  displayed  on  the  rear  of  such  motorcycle,  securely
  fastened so as to prevent the same from swinging.
2. Such number plates shall be of  such  material,  form,  design  and
  dimensions  and contain or set forth such distinguishing number or other
  identification marks as  the  commissioner  shall  prescribe,  provided,
  however,  that there shall be at all times a marked contrast between the
  color of the number plates and that of the numerals or letters  thereon,
  and  provided further that no motorcycle shall display the number plates
  of more than one state at a time, nor shall any plate be used other than
  those issued by the commissioner.
3. No person shall operate or  drive  a  motorcycle  upon  the  public
  highways  of  this  state  having  displayed  thereon a number plate not
  proper for such motorcycle under the provisions  of  this  chapter  and,
  upon  conviction for this offense, the number plate shall be surrendered
  to the court for delivery to the commissioner.
4. No person shall knowingly authorize or permit a number plate issued
  for a motorcycle owned and registered by him  to  be  displayed  on  any
  motorcycle  other  than a motorcycle to which such number plate has been
  assigned by the commissioner,  or  upon  which  such  number  plate  may
  legally  be  displayed  under  a  temporary  certificate of registration
  issued by a dealer under the provisions of section four  hundred  twenty
  of this chapter.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 15 - Registration of Motorcycles › 411-A - Issuance of Special Number Plates.

§ 411-a. Issuance  of  special  number plates. 1. The commissioner may
  issue special number plates to applicants therefor in the same manner as
  other number plates are issued pursuant to this  article.  Such  special
  number  plates  shall  be  issued only upon payment of an annual service
  charge of eighteen dollars and seventy-five cents  in  addition  to  the
  regular  fee  prescribed  by  section  four hundred ten of this article.
  Application for special number plates shall be made in  accordance  with
  regulations  promulgated by the commissioner with respect to issuance of
  such number plates. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision  of  this
  section,  the  difference collected between the service charge set forth
  in this subdivision in effect on and after September first, two thousand
  nine and the service charge set forth  in  this  subdivision  in  effect
  prior  to  such  date  shall be deposited to the credit of the dedicated
  highway and bridge trust fund.
2. For purposes of this section, a special number  plate  shall  be  a
  plate  which  contains  not  more  than  six  letters,  numerals  or any
  combination thereof and  which  is  reserved  by  the  commissioner  for
  issuance  in  accordance with the provisions of this section, or a plate
  reserved for issuance in  a  series  for  motorcycles  owned  by  public
  officers,  physicians,  accredited representatives of the press or other
  groups. In issuing special number plates  the  commissioner  shall  give
  those  applicants  who  held  a  special number plate at the time of the
  enactment of this section the right to retain such special number  plate
  upon  the  payment  of  the  annual  service  charge of fifteen dollars.
  Provided, however, that such right of retention shall apply only to  the
  first renewal of the registration of such special number plate following
  the enactment of this section.
3.  This section shall not apply to any plates in a series reserved in
  the public interest for purposes of facilitating identification of state
  and municipal motorcycles and those owned by  members  of  international
  governmental  organizations  or any other vehicles which are exempt from
  the payment of registration fees, nor to  plates  or  series  of  plates
  assigned by the commissioner for issuance by county clerks.
4. Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to require the
  commissioner to issue a special number plate or plates.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 15 - Registration of Motorcycles › 411-B - Registration Fee Schedule for Historical Motorcycles.

§ 411-b. Registration  fee  schedule  for  historical motorcycles. For
  each motorcycle which is owned and operated as an  exhibition  piece  or
  collectors  item,  and  is  used  for  participation in club activities,
  exhibit, tours, parades, occasional transportation and similar uses, but
  not used for general daily transportation, an annual fee of  twenty-five
  dollars.  For  purposes  of  this section, a historical motorcycle shall
  mean any motorcycle manufactured more than twenty-five  years  prior  to
  the current calendar year, and any other model, year and type motorcycle
  which  has  unique  characteristics  and  which  is  determined  by  the
  commissioner  to  be  of  historical,  classic  or   exhibition   value.
  Registration  plates  for such motorcycles shall be of a type and design
  approved by the commissioner, but shall  be  of  a  distinctive  nature,
  except that, with the approval of the commissioner, an owner of any such
  motorcycle  may  utilize registration plates of this state with the date
  of year corresponding to the  model  year  date  when  the  vehicle  was
  manufactured,  if  the model year date registration plate is legible and
  serviceable,  as  determined  by  the  department,  in   lieu   of   the
  registration  plates  otherwise  required  by  this chapter. Such plates
  shall be used only for the operation of the  motorcycle  listed  on  the
  registration  application  and  on other motorcycles which would qualify
  for registration under this schedule owned by  persons  other  than  the
  registrant  for  the  purpose  of  test driving by the registrant or his
  agent in anticipation of possible purchase. No such registration will be
  issued unless evidence of financial security, in a  form  prescribed  by
  the   commissioner,   is  submitted  which  provides  coverage  for  the
  motorcycle listed on the  registration  application  and  for  non-owned
  motorcycles   being  operated  with  such  plates.  Notwithstanding  any
  inconsistent provision of this section, the difference collected between
  the fees set forth in this section in  effect  on  and  after  September
  first,  two  thousand  nine  and  the  fees set forth in this section in
  effect prior to such date shall  be  deposited  to  the  credit  of  the
  dedicated highway and bridge trust fund.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 15 - Registration of Motorcycles › 412 - Punishment for Violation.

§ 412. Punishment   for   violation.  The  violation  of  any  of  the
  provisions of  section  four  hundred  ten  of  this  chapter  shall  be
  punishable  by  a  fine of not less than fifty nor more than two hundred
  dollars, or by imprisonment for not more than fifteen days, or  by  both
  such  fine and imprisonment except, if the violation consists of failure
  to renew a registration which was valid  within  sixty  days,  the  fine
  shall  be  not  less than twenty-five dollars. A violation of any of the
  provisions of section four hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter  shall  be
  punishable  by  a  fine  of  not less than twenty-five nor more than two
  hundred dollars or by imprisonment for not more than fifteen days, or by
  both such fine and imprisonment.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 15-A - Reciprocity Agreements for the Recognition of the Agricultural Truck Registration Class › 413 - Reciprocity Agreements for the Recognition of the Agricultural Truck Registration Class.

§  413. Reciprocity agreements for the recognition of the agricultural
  truck registration class. The commissioner is authorized  and  empowered
  to  enter  into  a  reciprocal  agreement or agreements on behalf of the
  state with the duly authorized  representatives  of  any  state  of  the
  United  States,  the  District  of Columbia, or a state or province of a
  foreign country, or territory or possession of either the United  States
  or  of  a  foreign  country, to effectuate the reciprocal recognition by
  these  jurisdictions  of  the  New   York   state   agricultural   truck
  registration  class  as  set forth in schedule E of subdivision seven of
  section four hundred one of this title. The commissioner is granted,  as
  part  of  any  such reciprocal agreement or agreements, the authority to
  recognize the equivalent  motor  vehicle  registration  class  of  other
  jurisdictions  which  are parties to any such agreement or agreements as
  being a fully reciprocal agricultural truck  registration  class  within
  the state of New York. Provided, however, that nothing contained in this
  section  shall  be  deemed to supersede any of the provisions of section
  two hundred fifty of this chapter applicable to agricultural trucks.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 16 - Registration of Dealers and Transporters › 415-B - Local Regulation of Vehicle Dismantlers in Cities Having a Population in Excess of One Million.

§ 415-b. Local  regulation  of  vehicle dismantlers in cities having a
  population in excess of one million. The legislative body  of  any  city
  having a population in excess of one million may, by local law:
1.  provide  for  the  licensing  of vehicle dismantlers as defined in
  subdivision one of section four hundred fifteen-a of this chapter by the
  department of consumer affairs of such city, and further provide that no
  person may act as a vehicle  dismantler  in  such  city  without  having
  obtained  a  license  from such department. The provisions of such local
  law shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of this article or any
  rule or regulation promulgated thereunder; and
2. adopt any  other  provisions  relating  to  the  operation  of  the
  business  of  a vehicle dismantler which are neither duplicative of, nor
  inconsistent with,  any  provision  of  this  article  or  any  rule  or
  regulation promulgated thereunder.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 16 - Registration of Dealers and Transporters › 415-C - Sale of Salvaged Inflatable Restraint Systems; Restrictions.

§ 415-c. Sale  of salvaged inflatable restraint systems; restrictions.
  1.  On and after January first, nineteen hundred ninety-seven, prior  to
  offering any salvaged inflatable restraint system for sale such salvaged
  inflatable  restraint system part indentification number and the vehicle
  identification number of the vehicle from which the salvaged  inflatable
  restraint  system was taken shall be referred to a nationally recognized
  theft index bureau approved by the commissioner,  in  consultation  with
  the   superintendent   of   financial  services,  for  the  purposes  of
  determining prior to sale that neither the salvaged inflatable restraint
  system nor the motor vehicle were stolen, as determined at the  time  of
  inquiry.  The  sales  invoice shall state the date and the result of the
  inquiry to such theft index bureau.
2. On and after March first, nineteen hundred  ninety-nine,  prior  to
  offering any salvaged inflatable restraint system for sale such salvaged
  inflatable  restraint  system  shall be certified according to standards
  established by a nationally recognized testing, engineering and research
  body  approved  by   the   commissioner   in   consultation   with   the
  superintendent of financial services.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 16 - Registration of Dealers and Transporters › 416 - Limited Use of Dealer's, Manufacturer's, and Transporter's Number Plates by Vendee or Lessee.

§ 416. Limited  use  of  dealer's,  manufacturer's,  and transporter's
  number plates by vendee or lessee. Upon the sale or  lease  of  a  motor
  vehicle  or  motorcycle the vendee or lessee shall be allowed to operate
  the same upon the public highways for the  period  of  five  days  after
  taking  possession thereof, without carrying number plates issued upon a
  registration under section four hundred one,  if  a  motor  vehicle,  or
  under  section  four  hundred  ten,  if a motorcycle, provided the motor
  vehicle or motorcycle shall have attached thereto and displayed thereon,
  in the manner therein provided, a set of  dealer's,  manufacturer's,  or
  transporter's number plates issued to the vendor or lessor under section
  four  hundred  fifteen, and if a proper application for registration and
  number plates for such vehicle, under the  provisions  of  section  four
  hundred one or four hundred ten of this title, as the case may be, shall
  have been mailed or presented to the commissioner, or agent, accompanied
  with  the  payment of the required fee within twenty-four hours after he
  or she has taken possession thereof. If the motor vehicle or  motorcycle
  is  to be registered in a jurisdiction other than the state of New York,
  the requirement for filing or  presenting  such  application  shall  not
  apply.
No  person  shall  operate or drive upon the public highways any motor
  vehicle or motorcycle  on  which  is  fastened  or  displayed  any  such
  dealer's, manufacturer's, or transporter's number plates after a sale or
  lease of such vehicle by the dealer or lessor, except in compliance with
  the foregoing provisions.
A vendee or lessee to whom number plates are delivered or by whom they
  are held under the provisions of this section shall return the same, and
  the  accompanying  registration  certificate,  to  the  dealer or lessor
  before the expiration of six days after he or she took possession of the
  motor vehicle or motorcycle purchased or leased.  If  number  plates  so
  delivered or held, or such certificate, are not returned within the time
  above  limited,  the  dealer  or  lessor  shall  immediately  notify the
  commissioner of that fact by mail, describing the  plates  according  to
  the general and distinctive numbers and characters thereon.
The  provisions  of this section shall apply also to the sale or lease
  of a trailer and to the  use  by  the  vendee  or  lessee  of  dealer's,
  manufacturer's,  or  transporter's  number plates on the trailer sold or
  leased, and for the purpose of applying such provisions a trailer  shall
  be deemed to be a motor vehicle.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 16 - Registration of Dealers and Transporters › 417 - Certificates by Retail Dealers on Sales of Second Hand Motor Vehicles.

§ 417. Certificates  by  retail  dealers on sales of second hand motor
  vehicles. Upon the sale or transfer of title by a retail dealer  of  any
  second  hand  motor vehicle, intended for use by the buyer, his agent or
  representative upon the public highways, the vendor  shall  execute  and
  deliver  to the vendee an instrument in writing, in a form prescribed by
  the commissioner, in which shall be given the make, year of  manufacture
  and  identification  number  of  the  said  motor  vehicle, the name and
  address of the vendee, and the date of  delivery  to  the  vendee.  Such
  notice  shall  also  contain  a  certification  that  said motor vehicle
  complies with such requirements of this chapter as shall be specified by
  the commissioner and that it is in condition and repair to render, under
  normal use, satisfactory and adequate service upon the public highway at
  the time of delivery. It shall also certify that such  vehicle  complies
  with  the  equipment  requirements in section four hundred nineteen-a of
  this article.
The failure of the vendor to deliver to  the  vendee  the  certificate
  required  by this section or delivery of a false certificate knowing the
  same to  be  false  or  misleading  or  without  making  an  appropriate
  inspection  to  determine  whether  the contents of such certificate are
  true shall constitute a violation of this section.  The  delivery  of  a
  false  certificate  shall  raise  presumption  that such certificate was
  issued without an appropriate inspection.
This section shall not apply to  a  motor  vehicle  transferred  to  a
  lessee, a family member of a lessee, or an employee of a lessee, who has
  had possession of the vehicle for a period of one hundred twenty days or
  more under a lease.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 16 - Registration of Dealers and Transporters › 417-B - Mandatory Disclosures by Second-Hand Dealers Prior to Resale.

§ 417-b. Mandatory disclosures by second-hand dealers prior to resale.
  1.  Upon  the sale or transfer of title by any dealer of any second-hand
  motor vehicle which was manufactured  or  assembled  on  or  after  July
  first,  nineteen  hundred  ninety-one and designed as a nineteen hundred
  ninety-two or later model and which the dealer knows or  has  reason  to
  know  that such vehicle is not equipped with a tamper-resistant odometer
  as  provided  in  subdivision  forty-six  of   section   three   hundred
  seventy-five  of  this  chapter, the dealer shall execute and deliver to
  the buyer  an  instrument  in  writing  in  a  form  prescribed  by  the
  commissioner  setting  forth the following information in ten point, all
  capital  type:  "IMPORTANT:  THIS  VEHICLE  IS  NOT  EQUIPPED   WITH   A
  TAMPER-RESISTANT  ODOMETER."  Such notice that a vehicle is not equipped
  with a tamper-resistant odometer shall also be conspicuously printed  on
  the motor vehicle's certificate of title.
2.  The  failure  of  a  dealer to deliver to the buyer the instrument
  required by this section or the delivery  of  an  instrument  containing
  false  or  misleading  information  shall constitute a violation of this
  section.
3. A consumer injured by a violation of  this  section  may  bring  an
  action  to  recover damages. Judgment may be entered for three times the
  actual damages suffered by a consumer or one hundred dollars,  whichever
  is  greater.  A  court  also  may  award reasonable attorneys' fees to a
  prevailing plaintiff buyer.
4. a. Upon any violation of this section, an application may  be  made
  by  the  attorney  general in the name of the people of the state of New
  York to a court or justice having jurisdiction to issue  an  injunction,
  and  upon  notice to the defendant of not less than five days, to enjoin
  and restrain the continuance of the violation. If it shall appear to the
  satisfaction of the court or justice that  the  defendant  has  violated
  this  section,  an  injunction  may  be  issued by the court or justice,
  enjoining and restraining any further violation, without requiring proof
  that any person has, in fact, been injured or damaged  thereby.  In  any
  such  proceeding,  the court may make allowances to the attorney general
  as provided in paragraph six of subdivision (a) of section  eighty-three
  hundred   three  of  the  civil  practice  law  and  rules,  and  direct
  restitution.
b. Whenever the court shall determine that a violation of this section
  has occurred, it may impose  a  civil  penalty  of  not  more  than  one
  thousand  dollars  for each violation. In connection with an application
  made under this subdivision, the attorney general is authorized to  take
  proof  and  to  make  a determination of the relevant facts and to issue
  subpoenas in accordance with the civil practice law and rules.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 16 - Registration of Dealers and Transporters › 419 - Recreational Vehicle Shows or Exhibits.

§  419.  Recreational  vehicle  shows or exhibits. Notwithstanding any
  other provision of this article to the contrary, a recreational  vehicle
  dealer  licensed to do business as such in another state or jurisdiction
  may participate in a vehicle show or exhibit which has, when it opens to
  the public, at least a total of fifty dealers from both this  state  and
  outside this state manning recreational vehicle manufacturer displays if
  the  show  or  exhibit  is trade-oriented and is predominantly funded by
  recreational vehicle manufacturers. All of the participating dealers who
  are not licensed by this state must be from a state contiguous  to  this
  state  which  permits  recreational  vehicle dealers licensed as such in
  this state to participate in like shows or exhibits in that state  under
  conditions  substantially equivalent to the conditions which are imposed
  upon dealers from that state who  participate  in  recreational  vehicle
  shows  or exhibits in this state and are duly licensed and authorized by
  their state of residence to  sell  recreational  vehicles.    Except  as
  otherwise provided, nothing herein shall be deemed to waive or alter any
  other  provision  of  law, rule or regulation.   For the purpose of this
  section, the term "recreational vehicle" shall have the same meaning  as
  "house coach" as such term is defined in section one hundred nineteen of
  this chapter.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 16 - Registration of Dealers and Transporters › 419-A - Inflatable Restraint System, Required Equipment Upon Sale.

§ 419-a. Inflatable restraint system, required equipment upon sale. No
  retail  dealer  may sell a second hand motor vehicle which is subject to
  federal motor vehicle safety standards for inflatable restraint  systems
  as  provided  in  part  571.208  of  title  49  of  the  code of federal
  regulations,  unless  such  vehicle  is  equipped  with  an   inflatable
  restraint  system  which  conforms  to such federal motor vehicle safety
  standard applicable to that vehicle and the  readiness  indicator  light
  does not indicate a malfunction of the inflatable restraint system.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17 - Other Provisions Relating to Registration and Possession › 421 - Sale of Motor Vehicle, Trailer or Part Thereof With Changed Identification Number.

§ 421. Sale  of  motor  vehicle,  trailer or part thereof with changed
  identification number. 1. Any person engaged in the business  of  buying
  or selling motor vehicles, trailers, or parts thereof, shall be presumed
  to  have  determined  and  to  know  the original vehicle identification
  numbers  and  special  identification  numbers  on  any  motor  vehicle,
  trailers  or parts thereof purchased or sold by such person, both at the
  time of purchase and sale.
2. Any person engaged in the  business  of  buying  or  selling  motor
  vehicles,  trailers,  or  parts  thereof, who sells or offers for sale a
  motor  vehicle,  trailer,  or  part  thereof,   the   original   vehicle
  identification  number  or  special identification number of which shall
  have been destroyed, removed, altered, defaced or so covered  as  to  be
  effectually   concealed,   without   having  complied  with  regulations
  promulgated by the commissioner, shall be guilty of a class E felony.
3. Any person, other than a person engaged in the business  of  buying
  or  selling  motor  vehicles,  trailers, or parts thereof, who knowingly
  sells or offers for sale a motor vehicle, trailer, or part thereof,  the
  original  vehicle identification number or special identification number
  of which shall have been destroyed,  removed,  altered,  defaced  or  so
  covered  as  to  be  effectually  concealed shall be guilty of a class E
  felony. In any prosecution under this subdivision, the purchase  of  the
  motor  vehicle,  trailer  or  part  from a dealer registered pursuant to
  section four hundred fifteen  of  this  chapter,  a  vehicle  dismantler
  registered  pursuant  to section four hundred fifteen-a of this chapter,
  or a motor vehicle repair shop  registered  pursuant  to  section  three
  hundred  ninety-eight-c  of  this  chapter shall be presumptive evidence
  that the purchaser did not have knowledge of the  destruction,  removal,
  alteration,  defacing or covering of the original vehicle identification
  number or special identification number.
4. For the purposes of this article, the term "original identification
  number" shall mean any number embossed, engraved, etched, affixed  to  a
  label,  sticker  or  plate  or  similarly  marked on any part of a motor
  vehicle, trailer or vehicle part which is assigned by  the  manufacturer
  for  the  purpose  of  identification  of that particular motor vehicle,
  trailer or vehicle part  and  the  location  of  which  number  is  made
  available to the public.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17 - Other Provisions Relating to Registration and Possession › 422 - Special Vehicle Identification Numbers.

§ 422. Special  vehicle  identification numbers. The commissioner may,
  by  regulation,  provide  for  the  issuance  of   a   special   vehicle
  identification  number.  Such regulations shall be applicable whenever a
  special vehicle identification number is required by  any  provision  of
  law.  With respect to a vehicle part for which an inspection is required
  pursuant to subdivision two of section four  hundred  twenty-three-a  of
  this   chapter,  a  special  identification  number  may  consist  of  a
  distinguishing mark. Such special vehicle identification number shall be
  affixed only by or under the direction of a member of the department  of
  motor vehicles who has the powers of a peace officer pursuant to section
  three hundred ninety-two-b of this chapter. A fee of twenty-five dollars
  shall  be  paid  to the commissioner before such number shall be issued,
  except that no fee shall be required of a governmental agency.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17 - Other Provisions Relating to Registration and Possession › 423 - Peace Officers and Their Duties.

§ 423. Peace  officers  and  their duties. The officers and members of
  the state police, any local police  department  and  any  peace  officer
  acting  pursuant to his special duties shall have and exercise the power
  and it  shall  be  their  duty  to  investigate  and  make  arrests  for
  violations of the provisions of this chapter. They shall investigate any
  theft  of  a  motor  vehicle or trailer, of which they receive notice or
  have information, and arrest or cause the arrest  of  any  person  where
  reasonable  grounds exist to believe that such person has stolen a motor
  vehicle or trailer, and, when necessary for such arrest, make  complaint
  on information before the proper court or magistrate.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17 - Other Provisions Relating to Registration and Possession › 424 - Stolen or Impounded Motor Vehicles.

§ 424. Stolen  or  impounded motor vehicles. 1. (a) Agencies which are
members of the New  York  statewide  police  information  network  shall
report  any theft, recovery or impounding of a motor vehicle, trailer or
part or parts thereof to such network. Agencies which are not members of
the New York  statewide  police  information  network  shall  make  such
reports  through a member agency. Such reports shall if possible contain
at least the vehicle identification number, the date of theft,  recovery
or  impounding  of  the  vehicle, the license plate number and where the
vehicle was stolen, recovered or impounded and  the  name,  address  and
telephone  number  of  the  facility where such vehicle has been stored.
Such information shall be made available to the  commissioner  of  motor
vehicles.  The  commissioner  may  assist  in providing information with
respect to stolen or recovered motor vehicles, trailers and parts as  he
may deem advisable.
(b)  For  the purposes of this subdivision the term "impound" shall be
deemed to include the taking into possession by an agency of  any  motor
vehicle which has been abandoned, repossessed, seized pending forfeiture
proceedings,  taken  into custody or held as evidence in the course of a
police investigation, required to be impounded by law, or in  any  other
way  taken  into  possession or held by an agency under circumstances in
which the owner may not reasonably have knowledge of the status  of  the
vehicle.  Nothing  contained  herein shall preclude a police department,
which  has  taken  a  vehicle  into  custody  under   these   or   other
circumstances,  from  entering  a  vehicle  into  the New York statewide
police  information  network  as  an  impounded  vehicle  to  facilitate
location of the vehicle by its owner.
2.  Any police officer, state trooper or peace officer acting pursuant
to his or her special duties shall have the power  to  seize  any  motor
vehicle  or  trailer  in  the state when there is good reason to believe
that such motor vehicle or trailer has been stolen. Unless  the  vehicle
is  subject  to the provisions of section four hundred twenty-three-a of
this article, the appropriate agency shall contact  the  owner  of  such
motor  vehicle or trailer, if known, and, after any stolen vehicle alarm
resulting from such theft has been cancelled,  release  the  vehicle  to
such  owner.  If  the  owner thereof cannot be ascertained in accordance
with procedures established by regulations of the commissioner, a  local
police  agency  shall  dispose  of  such vehicle as an abandoned vehicle
pursuant to section twelve hundred twenty-four of this chapter, and  the
state police shall hold such vehicle for, or deliver it to the office of
general services.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17 - Other Provisions Relating to Registration and Possession › 425 - Repossession of Motor Vehicle or Motorcycle; Garageman's Lien; Notice to Police.

§ 425. Repossession  of motor vehicle or motorcycle; garageman's lien;
  notice to police. 1. Any person, firm or corporation, or agent, employee
  or representative thereof, repossessing or retaking a motor  vehicle  or
  motorcycle  pursuant  to  the  provisions of article nine of the uniform
  commercial  code,  or  other  authority  of  law,  or  any  contract  or
  agreement,  shall,  immediately following such repossession or retaking,
  personally appear at a station house  or  other  office  of  the  police
  department,  or  agency  or  officer  performing  like functions, in the
  locality wherein such repossession or retaking occurred, give notice  to
  such  department, agency or officer of such repossession or retaking and
  thereafter and within twenty-four hours of  the  tenth  day  after  such
  repossession  or retaking personally deliver or mail by first class mail
  to the nearest motor vehicle office of the state or county acting as  an
  agent  of  the commissioner pursuant to section two hundred five of this
  chapter, (a) notice of such repossession or retaking in such form as the
  commissioner may require and (b) the number plates of such motor vehicle
  or motorcycle. Notice of such repossession or  retaking,  including  the
  name  and  address  of  the  person, firm or corporation repossessing or
  retaking the same, shall also be given within twenty-four hours  thereof
  to  the  owner of such motor vehicle or motorcycle, either personally or
  by registered or  certified  mail,  or  by  first  class  mail,  with  a
  certificate  of  mailing  properly  endorsed by the postal service to be
  obtained, directed to such owner  at  his  or  her  last-known  address.
  Unless  the  motor  vehicle  or motorcycle can be repossessed or retaken
  without breach of the peace, it shall be repossessed or retaken by legal
  process, but nothing herein contained shall be construed to authorize  a
  violation of the criminal law.
2.   Any   person,   firm   or  corporation,  or  agent,  employee  or
  representative thereof holding a motor vehicle  or  motorcycle  under  a
  lien  for  repairs  or  storage pursuant to any authority of law, or any
  contract or agreement shall return  any  registration  plates  for  such
  vehicle  which  are  in  his  possession  to  the  registrant  upon  the
  registrant's request, or if not so returned  shall,  within  twenty-four
  hours after such request, personally deliver or mail by special delivery
  first  class mail to the nearest motor vehicle office (a) notice of such
  holding in such form as the commissioner may require and (b) the  number
  plates of such motor vehicle or motorcycle.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17 - Other Provisions Relating to Registration and Possession › 426 - Punishment for Making False Statement; Stolen Vehicles.

§ 426. Punishment  for  making  false statement; stolen vehicles.  Any
  person who shall knowingly make any false statement of a  material  fact
  in  any  endorsement  of  a  certificate of registration, certificate of
  title or other proof of ownership, upon a sale or transfer  of  a  motor
  vehicle  or  trailer,  or who, with intent to procure or pass title to a
  motor vehicle or trailer which he knows, or has reason to  believe,  has
  been stolen, shall receive or transfer possession of the same from or to
  another,  or  who  shall  have  in  his  possession any motor vehicle or
  trailer which he knows, or has reason to believe, has been  stolen,  and
  who  is not an officer of the law engaged at the time in the performance
  of his duty as such officer shall be guilty of a class E felony.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17 - Other Provisions Relating to Registration and Possession › 427 - Disposition of Registration Fees.

§ 427. Disposition  of registration fees. 1. The commissioner of motor
  vehicles shall deposit all fees collected under this chapter, except  as
  otherwise provided in subdivision twenty-one of section four hundred one
  of  this  chapter, in a responsible bank, banking house or trust company
  in the city of Albany, which shall pay the highest rate of  interest  to
  the  state for such deposit, to the credit of the comptroller on account
  of the motor vehicle law.  Every  such  bank,  banking  house  or  trust
  company  shall execute and file in the office of the department of audit
  and control an undertaking to the state,  in  the  sum,  and  with  such
  sureties,  as  are required and approved by the comptroller for the safe
  keeping and prompt payment on legal demand therefor of all  such  moneys
  held  by  or  on  deposit in such bank, banking house, or trust company,
  with interest thereon on daily balances at such rate as the  comptroller
  may  fix.  Every such undertaking shall have endorsed thereon or annexed
  thereto the approval  of  the  attorney-general  as  to  its  form.  The
  comptroller  shall on the first day of each month make a verified return
  to the department of taxation and finance, of all fees received  by  him
  under  this  chapter  during the preceding calendar months, stating from
  what county received and by whom and when paid.
2. The comptroller, after reserving sufficient to provide at all times
  a fund in his hands of five thousand dollars out of which he  shall  pay
  any  refund under this chapter, approved by him and by the commissioner,
  shall on or before the tenth day of each month pay to the department  of
  taxation  and  finance  the  balance to his credit in such bank, banking
  house or trust company, on account of fees collected under this  chapter
  at the close of business on the last day of the preceding month and such
  department  shall  pay  such  balance into the general fund of the state
  treasury.
3. An amount equal to ninety per  centum  of  the  fees  specified  in
  subdivision  two  of this section shall be appropriated and used for the
  construction, reconstruction, maintenance and  repair  of  highways  and
  bridges,  under  the  direction of the department of transportation; and
  for inspection, regulation, and research in the control of motor vehicle
  exhaust emissions under the direction of the department of environmental
  conservation. The amount available for control of motor vehicle  exhaust
  emissions  from  said  ninety  per centum of the fees collected shall be
  computed at the rate of five cents per registration issued and shall  be
  available  for  payment  to  the  state  purposes  fund for repayment of
  advances made in the first instance from that fund for control of  motor
  vehicle emissions.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17 - Other Provisions Relating to Registration and Possession › 431 - Vehicle Identification Numbers.

§ 431. Vehicle   identification  numbers.  1.  Every  manufacturer  or
  assembler of a vehicle sold in this state  shall  provide  such  vehicle
  with   a   vehicle  identification  number  and,  upon  request  of  the
  commissioner, shall inform him concerning the location or  locations  of
  every  vehicle  identification  number  and other identifying numbers on
  such vehicle. The  commissioner  may  refuse  to  register  or  issue  a
  certificate  of  title for a vehicle made by a manufacturer or assembler
  who fails to comply with this section.
2. Whenever a special vehicle identification number has been issued by
  the commissioner, notification of such fact shall be promptly  forwarded
  by  the  commissioner  to  the  central  organization  designated by the
  superintendent of financial services pursuant to section three  thousand
  four hundred twelve of the insurance law.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17-A - Franchised Motor Vehicle Dealer Act › 460 - Legislative Findings.

§ 460. Legislative  findings.  The legislature finds and declares that
  the distribution and sale of motor vehicles within  this  state  vitally
  affects the general economy of the state and the public interest and the
  public welfare, and that in order to promote the public interest and the
  public  welfare and in the exercise of its police power, it is necessary
  to regulate motor vehicle manufacturers,  distributors  and  factory  or
  distributor  representatives  and  to regulate dealers of motor vehicles
  doing business in this state in order to prevent frauds, impositions and
  other  abuses  upon  its  citizens  and  to  protect  and  preserve  the
  investments and properties of the citizens of this state.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17-A - Franchised Motor Vehicle Dealer Act › 464 - Obligations of Dealers Prior to Delivery to Retail Buyers.

§ 464. Obligations  of  dealers  prior  to  delivery to retail buyers.
  Every franchisor shall specify in writing the delivery  and  preparation
  obligations of its franchised motor vehicle dealers prior to delivery of
  new motor vehicles to retail buyers.
2023 New York Laws › VAT - Vehicle and Traffic › Title 4 - Registration of Vehicles › Article 17-A - Franchised Motor Vehicle Dealer Act › 466 - Unreasonable Restrictions.

§ 466. Unreasonable  restrictions.  1.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for a
  franchisor directly or indirectly to impose unreasonable restrictions on
  the franchised motor vehicle dealer relative to transfer, sale, right to
  renew  or  termination  of  a  franchise,   discipline,   noncompetition
  covenants, site-control (whether by sublease, collateral pledge of lease
  or  otherwise),  right of first refusal to purchase, option to purchase,
  compliance with subjective standards and assertion of legal or equitable
  rights with respect to its franchise or dealership.
2. It shall be deemed an unreasonable restriction  upon  the  sale  or
  transfer  of a dealership for a franchisor (i) directly or indirectly to
  prevent or attempt to prevent a franchised  motor  vehicle  dealer  from
  obtaining  the  fair  value  of  the  franchise or the fair value of the
  dealership business as a going concern; or (ii) to refuse to approve the
  sale or transfer of a dealership due to the  fact  that  the  franchised
  motor  vehicle  dealer  owns,  has an investment in, participates in the
  management of or holds a franchise for the sale or  service  of  another
  line  make  of  new motor vehicles, or that the franchised motor vehicle
  dealer  has  established  another  franchise  in  the  same   dealership
  facilities  for  the  sale  or service of another line make of new motor
  vehicles prior to the effective date of this  paragraph,  or  the  other
  franchise has been approved in writing by the franchisor.