reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 17. State Finance › Chapter 8. Disbursement and Expenditure › Part 4. False Claims › 17-8-416. Reporting

17-8-416. Reporting.
The attorney general shall submit to the law and justice interim committee a report in accordance with 5-11-210 containing the following information:
(1) the number of cases filed under the Montana False Claims Act, Title 17, chapter 8, part 4, that were pending in the state during the previous calendar year;
(2) the number of cases filed under the Montana False Claims Act that were settled during the previous calendar year;
(3) the number of cases filed under the Montana False Claims Act in which judgment was entered during the previous calendar year;
(4) the total proceeds paid to the state and the total proceeds paid to the qui tam plaintiffs in cases filed under the Montana False Claims Act during the previous calendar year; and
(5) the number of qui tam cases pending in other jurisdictions involving the state in the previous calendar year.
History: En. Sec. 7, Ch. 388, L. 2013; amd. Sec. 43, Ch. 261, L. 2021.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 1. Preferences and General Matters › 18-1-101. Definitions

18-1-101. Definitions.
(1) Unless the context requires otherwise, in this title, "department" means the department of administration provided for in Title 2, chapter 15, part 10.
(2) Unless the context requires otherwise, in this part, the following definitions apply:
(a) "Goods" means supplies, equipment, materials, commodities, and specially manufactured products.
(b) "Nonresident bidder" means a bidder whose residence is not in this state as determined under 18-1-103.
(c) (i) "Public agency" means a department, commission, council, board, bureau, committee, institution, agency, government corporation, or other entity, instrumentality, or official of the legislative, executive, or judicial branch of this state and its political subdivisions, including the board of regents and the Montana university system.
(ii) Public agency does not include a political subdivision for purposes of 18-1-102(1)(b).
(d) "Resident bidder" means a bidder whose residence is in this state as determined under 18-1-103.
(e) "Written" means that whenever written or in-writing determinations or documents are required, the public agency responsible for the procurement may specify an appropriate visual medium, such as by computer transmission or by facsimile machine transmission, in the specifications, contract, or rules of the public agency.
History: En. 82-1901.1 by Sec. 57, Ch. 326, L. 1974; R.C.M. 1947, 82-1901.1; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 512, L. 1987; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 443, L. 1997; amd. Sec. 8, Ch. 181, L. 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 1. Preferences and General Matters › 18-1-102. State contracts to lowest bidder -- reciprocity

18-1-102. State contracts to lowest bidder -- reciprocity.
(1) In order to provide for an orderly administration of the business of the state of Montana in awarding public contracts for the purchase of goods and for construction, repair, and public works of all kinds, a public agency shall, except as provided in Title 18, chapter 2, part 5, award:
(a) a public contract for construction, repair, or public works to the lowest responsible bidder without regard to residency. However, a resident bidder must be allowed a preference on a contract against the bid of a nonresident bidder from any state or country that enforces a preference for resident bidders. The preference given to resident bidders of this state must be equal to the preference given in the other state or country.
(b) a public contract for the purchase of goods to the lowest responsible bidder without regard to residency. However, a resident must be allowed a preference on a contract against the bid of a nonresident if the state or country of the nonresident enforces a preference for residents. The preference must be equal to the preference given in the other state or country.
(2) The preferences in this section apply:
(a) whether the law requires advertisement for bids or does not require advertisement for bids; and
(b) to contracts involving funds obtained from the federal government unless expressly prohibited by the laws of the United States or regulations adopted pursuant to federal laws.
History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 183, L. 1961; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 197, L. 1969; R.C.M. 1947, 82-1924; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 468, L. 1985; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 512, L. 1987; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 32, L. 1991; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 306, L. 1999; amd. Sec. 9, Ch. 181, L. 2001; amd. Sec. 6, Ch. 574, L. 2005.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 1. Preferences and General Matters › 18-1-103. Resident defined

18-1-103. Resident defined.
(1) For the purpose of 18-1-102 and this section, the word "resident" includes actual residence of an individual within this state for a period of more than 1 year immediately prior to bidding.
(2) In a partnership enterprise, limited liability company, or association, the majority of all partners or members must have been actual residents of the state of Montana for more than 1 year immediately prior to bidding.
(3) Domestic corporations organized under the laws of the state of Montana are prima facie eligible to bid as residents, but this qualification may be set aside and a successful bid disallowed when it is shown to the satisfaction of the board, commission, officer, or individual charged with the responsibility for the execution of the contract that the corporation is a wholly owned subsidiary of a foreign corporation or that the corporation was formed for the purpose of circumventing the provisions relating to residence.
History: En. Sec. 2, Ch. 183, L. 1961; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 197, L. 1969; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 74, L. 1974; R.C.M. 1947, 82-1925; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 284, L. 1987; amd. Sec. 58, Ch. 370, L. 1987; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 512, L. 1987; amd. Sec. 100, Ch. 42, L. 1997; amd. Sec. 10, Ch. 181, L. 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 1. Preferences and General Matters › 18-1-104. Repealed

18-1-104. Repealed.
Sec. 2, Ch. 92, L. 1979.
History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 217, L. 1967; amd. Sec. 61, Ch. 391, L. 1973; R.C.M. 1947, 82-1925.1(part).
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 1. Preferences and General Matters › 18-1-105. Repealed

18-1-105. Repealed.
Sec. 2, Ch. 92, L. 1979.
History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 217, L. 1967; amd. Sec. 61, Ch. 391, L. 1973; R.C.M. 1947, 82-1925.1(part).
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 1. Preferences and General Matters › 18-1-106. Department of labor and industry to determine residency of selected contractors -- applications for redetermination -- determination as prima facie evidence

18-1-106. Department of labor and industry to determine residency of selected contractors -- applications for redetermination -- determination as prima facie evidence.
(1) The department of labor and industry shall determine whether or not certain contractors are residents of the state of Montana within the meaning of 18-1-102 and 18-1-103. Any public agency charged by law with the responsibility for the execution of any contract subject to the provisions of 18-1-102 may request that a determination of resident or nonresident status be made by the department of labor and industry. All requests must specify the name and address of the licensed public contractor for whom a determination of resident or nonresident status is required.
(2) If a determination is made that a public contractor is not a resident but the public contractor later qualifies as a resident, the contractor may apply to the department of labor and industry for a redetermination of residency. If, upon redetermination, the public contractor is found to qualify as a resident, the contractor must be furnished a letter by the department of labor and industry attesting to resident status.
(3) The determination of the department of labor and industry that a public contractor is or is not a resident within the meaning of 18-1-102 and 18-1-103 is prima facie evidence of that fact.
History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 92, L. 1979; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 2, L. 1985; amd. Sec. 9, Ch. 558, L. 1995; amd. Sec. 46, Ch. 483, L. 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 1. Preferences and General Matters › 18-1-110. Hiring preference for residents of Indian reservations for state construction projects within reservation -- rules

18-1-110. Hiring preference for residents of Indian reservations for state construction projects within reservation -- rules.
(1) For any contract awarded by a state agency for a state construction project within the exterior boundaries of an Indian reservation, except a project partially funded with federal-aid money from the United States department of transportation or when residency preference laws are specifically prohibited by federal law, there must be inserted in the bid specification and the contract a provision, in language approved by the commissioner of labor and industry, implementing the requirements of this subsection. The bid specification and the contract must provide that a preference in hiring for positions of employment be given to Indian residents of the reservation who have substantially equal qualifications for any position. For the purposes of this section, the definitions in 2-18-111 apply.
(2) The commissioner of labor and industry shall enforce this section, investigate complaints of its violation, and may adopt rules to implement this section.
History: En. Sec. 2, Ch. 506, L. 1991.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 1. Preferences and General Matters › 18-1-111. Impartiality to be shown in letting contracts

18-1-111. Impartiality to be shown in letting contracts.
The department may not show any partiality or favoritism not provided for by law in making awards or contracts.
History: En. Sec. 10, Ch. 66, L. 1923; re-en. Sec. 293.10, R.C.M. 1935; amd. Sec. 75, Ch. 326, L. 1974; R.C.M. 1947, 82-1920; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 284, L. 1987; amd. Sec. 11, Ch. 181, L. 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 1. Preferences and General Matters › 18-1-112. Repealed

18-1-112. Repealed.
Sec. 26, Ch. 181, L. 2001.
History: En. Sec. 3, Ch. 183, L. 1961; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 197, L. 1969; amd. Sec. 6, Ch. 97, L. 1977; R.C.M. 1947, 82-1926; amd. Sec. 4, Ch. 512, L. 1987.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 1. Preferences and General Matters › 18-1-113. Bidder to submit affidavit -- penalty

18-1-113. Bidder to submit affidavit -- penalty.
(1) A bidder on a public contract for goods who is claiming a preference under this part shall either have on file with or submit to the public agency with its bid an affidavit specifying in detail, as determined by rule by the department, the basis on which the bidder claims the preference.
(2) If the public agency determines that the bidder has submitted a false affidavit under subsection (1), the bidder is disqualified as a bidder for future public contracts for goods with any public agency for a period of 5 years from the date of the determination.
History: En. Sec. 6, Ch. 512, L. 1987.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 1. Preferences and General Matters › 18-1-114. Rules

18-1-114. Rules.
The department shall adopt rules necessary to administer the preferences provided in this part. The department's rules apply to all public agencies.
History: En. Sec. 7, Ch. 512, L. 1987.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 1. Preferences and General Matters › 18-1-118. Access to records of contracting entities

18-1-118. Access to records of contracting entities.
Money may not be spent by a state agency under a contract with a nonstate entity unless the contract contains a provision that allows the legislative auditor sufficient access to the records of the nonstate entity to determine whether the parties have complied with the terms of the contract. The access to records is necessary to carry out the functions provided for in Title 5, chapter 13. A state agency may terminate a contract, without incurring liability, for the refusal of a nonstate entity to allow access to records as required by this section.
History: En. Sec. 12, Ch. 787, L. 1991; amd. Sec. 60, Ch. 545, L. 1995; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 377, L. 1997.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 2. Bid Security › 18-1-201. Requirement for bidder's security

18-1-201. Requirement for bidder's security.
(1) A "public authority" or "obligee" includes:
(a) the state of Montana or any department (including the department of administration, unless otherwise authorized by express provision of law), institution, board, commission, agency, authority or subordinate jurisdiction thereof;
(b) any county or other political subdivision of this state;
(c) any municipal corporation or authorized subdivision thereof; or
(d) school districts, irrigation districts, or other public authority organized under the laws of the state of Montana.
(2) Except as provided in 18-4-312, in all cases where a public authority or obligee is authorized by law to solicit bids, tenders, or proposals for public works, improvements, or undertakings of any kind or for the purchase of commodities, goods, or property or for the procurement of technical or special services on a bid basis (exclusive of services on the basis of salaries or wages) or for the sale and purchase of bonds, debentures, notes, or any other forms of indebtedness of any such public authority, the respective executive, administrative, or other officers of and acting for such public authority shall require, as a condition precedent to considering any such bids, as evidence of good faith on the part of the bidder, and as indemnity for the benefit of such public authority against the failure or refusal of any bidder to enter into any written contract that may be awarded upon and following acceptance of bid or as a condition precedent to consummating any sale and purchase of any forms of indebtedness, that any bid shall contain a written covenant of indemnity conditioned as herein prescribed and that the bid shall be accompanied by bid security of the nature herein specified for the performance of such covenant.
History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 174, L. 1951; amd. Sec. 101, Ch. 326, L. 1974; R.C.M. 1947, 6-501(part); amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 424, L. 1985.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 2. Bid Security › 18-1-202. Advertisement for bid to specify required security

18-1-202. Advertisement for bid to specify required security.
(1) The advertisement, request, or solicitation for bids or offers must distinctly specify that all bidders, offerors, tenderers, or contractors shall:
(a) whenever bids are solicited other than for purchase of any forms of indebtedness, expressly covenant in any bid that if the bidder is awarded the contract, the bidder will, within the time required as stated in the advertisement or solicitation, enter into a formal contract and give a good and sufficient bond to secure the performance of the terms and conditions of the contract. If a bond is not provided, the bidder shall pay the public authority the difference in money between the amount of the bid of the bidder and the amount for which the public authority legally contracts with another party to perform the work or supply the property, commodities, or services, as the case may be, if the latter amount is in excess of the former.
(b) whenever the bids are solicited for the purchase and sale of any forms of indebtedness of the public authority, expressly covenant that the security accompanying the bid in the amount specified by the public authority must be kept and retained by the public authority as liquidated damages for failure to consummate the purchase of the forms of indebtedness that may be awarded on acceptance of bid and in compliance with the terms of the bid.
(2) The public authority shall distinctly specify in the solicitation or advertisement for bids the penal or other sum fixed by statute to be paid by a bidder failing or refusing as aforesaid whenever the amount of the bid security is fixed by statute. Otherwise, the public authority shall specify the amount, which may not be less than 2% of the principal amount of the indebtedness for a bid for the purchase of indebtedness and 10% of the bid price for any other bid, that it considers reasonably necessary to protect and indemnify the public authority against the failure or refusal of the bidder to enter into the contract or consummate the purchase of indebtedness, as the case may be.
(3) The advertisement, request, or other solicitation for bids or offers must distinctly specify that a bid bond or other form of security specified in 18-1-203 constitutes compliance with the requirement for bid security.
History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 174, L. 1951; amd. Sec. 101, Ch. 326, L. 1974; R.C.M. 1947, 6-501(part); amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 85, L. 1979; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 51, L. 1995.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 2. Bid Security › 18-1-203. Form of security

18-1-203. Form of security.
(1) (a) In all cases under 18-1-202(1), the bidder, offeror, or tenderer shall accompany any bid with either:
(i) lawful money of the United States;
(ii) a cashier's check, certified check, bank money order, or bank draft, in any case drawn and issued by a federally chartered or state-chartered bank insured by the federal deposit insurance corporation; or
(iii) a bid bond, guaranty bond, or surety bond executed by a surety corporation authorized to do business in the state of Montana. If a financial guaranty bond or surety bond is provided to secure the purchase of indebtedness, the long-term indebtedness of the company executing the financial guaranty bond or surety bond must carry an investment grade rating of one or more nationally recognized independent rating agencies.
(b) The public authority soliciting or advertising for bids may not require that a bid bond, guaranty bond, or surety bond provided for in subsection (1)(a)(iii) be furnished by a particular surety company or by a particular insurance producer for a surety company.
(2) The money or, in lieu of money, the bank instruments or bid bonds, financial guaranty bonds, or surety bonds must be payable directly to the public authority soliciting or advertising for bids.
History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 174, L. 1951; amd. Sec. 101, Ch. 326, L. 1974; R.C.M. 1947, 6-501(part); amd. Sec. 11, Ch. 184, L. 1983; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 51, L. 1995; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 203, L. 2003.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 2. Bid Security › 18-1-204. Forfeiture -- bidder's liability -- waiver

18-1-204. Forfeiture -- bidder's liability -- waiver.
(1) Except as provided in subsection (3), if in any instance one or more bids be accepted or a sale of any form of indebtedness is ordered or a contract is awarded, any bidder whose bid is accepted and who shall thereafter refuse to enter into and execute the proposed contract or carry out and consummate the purchase of any form of indebtedness, as stated in the covenant in the bid and herein, shall absolutely forfeit such moneys or bank instruments to the public authority concerned and become immediately liable on the bid bond but not in excess of the penal sum therein stated.
(2) In no event shall the bidder's liability, the liability of the maker of the security instrument, or the liability on the bid bond exceed the amount specified by the public authority in the solicitation or advertisement for bids, whether the amount shall be posted in money, be stated as the amount payable in the security instrument, or as the maximum amount payable in the bid bond.
(3) With respect to bids accepted under Title 18, chapter 2, the department may waive the requirement to forfeit bid security.
History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 174, L. 1951; amd. Sec. 101, Ch. 326, L. 1974; R.C.M. 1947, 6-501(part); amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 83, L. 1987.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 2. Bid Security › 18-1-205. Return of bid security

18-1-205. Return of bid security.
The moneys or bank instruments or bid bonds, as the case may be, shall be returned to those bidders whose bids are not accepted.
History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 174, L. 1951; amd. Sec. 101, Ch. 326, L. 1974; R.C.M. 1947, 6-501(part).
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 2. Bid Security › 18-1-206. Effect of compliance

18-1-206. Effect of compliance.
Nothing contained in this part shall exclude or be construed to excuse compliance with any other requirements for bonds or other or further security after acceptance of bids or following award of contract or excuse compliance with any requirements for performance bonds at any time, as such requirements may be prescribed or authorized by the laws of the state of Montana.
History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 174, L. 1951; amd. Sec. 101, Ch. 326, L. 1974; R.C.M. 1947, 6-501(part).
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 3. Prepayment of Public Contractors › 18-1-301. Contractor withdrawals -- deposit of obligations

18-1-301. Contractor withdrawals -- deposit of obligations.
(1) The contractor under any contract made or awarded by the state of Montana or any department, agency, or political subdivision of the state of Montana, by any county, municipality, or political subdivision of a county or municipality, or by a school district, including any contract for the construction, improvement, maintenance, or repair of any road or highway or the appurtenances to a road or highway, may, from time to time, withdraw the whole or any portion of the sums otherwise due to the contractor under the contract that are retained by the state of Montana or any department, agency, or political subdivision of the state of Montana, by any county, municipality, or political subdivision of a county or municipality, or by a school district pursuant to the terms of the contract, provided the contractor shall deposit with the contracting agency:
(a) United States treasury bonds, United States treasury notes, United States treasury certificates of indebtedness, or United States treasury bills;
(b) bonds or notes of the state of Montana;
(c) bonds of any political subdivision of the state of Montana of a market value not exceeding par at the time of deposit; or
(d) certificates of deposit drawn and issued by a national banking association located in the state of Montana or by any banking corporation incorporated under the laws of the state of Montana.
(2) Deposited obligations must be at least equal in value to the amount so withdrawn from payments retained under the contract.
(3) Except as provided in subsection (4), all interest accrued in the accounts of deposits required under this section must be paid to the contractor.
(4) The contractor shall extend to the contractor's subcontractors the opportunity to participate in making the deposits required in subsection (1). Interest accrued in deposit accounts in which subcontractors participate must be distributed on a pro rata basis by the contractor to the participating subcontractors. A subcontractor participating in making the deposits required in subsection (1) may not have additional retainage withheld by the contractor.
History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 194, L. 1969; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 101, L. 1971; R.C.M. 1947, 82-4101; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 113, L. 1985; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 222, L. 1999.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 3. Prepayment of Public Contractors › 18-1-302. Servicing of deposited obligations

18-1-302. Servicing of deposited obligations.
After notice to the owner and surety, the contracting agency shall have the power to enter into a contract or agreement with any national bank, state bank, trust company, or safe deposit company located in the state of Montana, designated by the contractor, to provide for the custodial care and servicing of any obligations deposited with it pursuant to this part. Such services shall include the safekeeping of said obligations and the rendering of all services required to effectuate the purposes of this part.
History: En. Sec. 2, Ch. 194, L. 1969; R.C.M. 1947, 82-4102; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 113, L. 1985.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 3. Prepayment of Public Contractors › 18-1-303. Interest or income on deposits to contractor

18-1-303. Interest or income on deposits to contractor.
(1) The contracting agency or any national bank, state bank, trust company, or safe deposit company located in the state of Montana, designated by the contractor to serve as custodian for the obligations pursuant to 18-1-302, shall collect all interest or income when due on the obligations so deposited and shall pay the same, when and as collected, to the contractor who deposited the obligation.
(2) If deposited in the form of coupon bonds, the contracting agency or the designated custodian, pursuant to 18-1-302, shall deliver each such coupon as it matures to the contractor.
History: En. Sec. 3, Ch. 194, L. 1969; R.C.M. 1947, 82-4103; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 113, L. 1985.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 3. Prepayment of Public Contractors › 18-1-304. Priority of deductions from retained payments and proceeds of deposited obligation

18-1-304. Priority of deductions from retained payments and proceeds of deposited obligation.
Any amount deducted by the state of Montana or by any department, agency, or political subdivision thereof pursuant to the terms of a contract from the retained payments otherwise due to the contractor thereunder shall be deducted first from that portion of the retained payments for which no obligation has been substituted, then from the proceeds of any deposited obligation. In the latter case, the contractor shall be entitled to receive the interest, coupons, or income only from those obligations which remain on deposit after such amount has been deducted.
History: En. Sec. 4, Ch. 194, L. 1969; R.C.M. 1947, 82-4104.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 4. Contract Actions Against the State › 18-1-401. Jurisdiction

18-1-401. Jurisdiction.
The district courts of the state of Montana shall have exclusive original jurisdiction to hear, determine, and render judgment on any claim or dispute arising out of any express contract entered into with the state of Montana or any agency, board, or officer thereof.
History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 138, L. 1955; R.C.M. 1947, 83-601.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 4. Contract Actions Against the State › 18-1-402. Administrative procedures -- exhaustion -- time limitations

18-1-402. Administrative procedures -- exhaustion -- time limitations.
Whenever any contracting agency of the state of Montana provides a procedure for the settlement of any question or dispute arising between the contractor and the agency, the contractor, before proceeding to bring an action in court under the provisions of this part, shall resort to the procedure within the time specified in the contract or, if a time is not specified, within 90 days after the question or dispute has arisen, provided:
(1) in a case in which a settlement procedure is provided by the contracting agency, all actions authorized under this section must be commenced within 1 year after a final decision has been rendered pursuant to the settlement procedure; and
(2) in a case in which a settlement procedure is not provided by the contracting agency, the action must be commenced by the contractor within 1 year after the cause of action has arisen.
History: En. Sec. 2, Ch. 138, L. 1955; R.C.M. 1947, 83-602; amd. Sec. 222, Ch. 56, L. 2009.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 4. Contract Actions Against the State › 18-1-403. Stipulations restricting enforcement void

18-1-403. Stipulations restricting enforcement void.
Every stipulation or condition in a contract by which any party is restricted from enforcing the party's rights under the provisions of this part is void.
History: En. Sec. 3, Ch. 138, L. 1955; R.C.M. 1947, 83-603; amd. Sec. 223, Ch. 56, L. 2009.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 4. Contract Actions Against the State › 18-1-404. Liability of state -- interest -- costs

18-1-404. Liability of state -- interest -- costs.
(1) (a) The state of Montana is liable in respect to any contract entered into in the same manner and to the same extent as a private individual under like circumstances, except the state of Montana is not liable for punitive damages.
(b) The state of Montana is liable for interest from the date on which the payment on the contract became due. This liability is retroactive, within the meaning of 1-2-109, and applies to any contract in effect or an action pending on a contract on or after May 1, 1997. If the contract is subject to a good faith dispute brought before a government agency or before a court, the interest rate is 10% simple interest each year, whether due before or after a decision by the government agency or court. If the contract does not specify when interest is payable before a decision, interest must be paid at the time provided in 17-8-242(2). If the contract is not subject to a good faith dispute brought before a government agency or before a court, the interest rate is governed by 17-8-242.
(2) Costs may be allowed as provided in 25-10-711. In all other cases, costs must be allowed in all courts to the successful claimant to the same extent as if the state of Montana were a private litigant. The costs must include attorney fees. The liability for attorney fees is retroactive, within the meaning of 1-2-109, and applies to any contract in effect or an action pending on a contract on or after May 1, 1997.
(3) This section does not apply to a contract governed by Title 19.
History: En. Sec. 4, Ch. 138, L. 1955; R.C.M. 1947, 83-604; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 402, L. 1979; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 508, L. 1997; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 413, L. 1999; amd. Sec. 12, Ch. 181, L. 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 4. Contract Actions Against the State › 18-1-411. Practice and procedure

18-1-411. Practice and procedure.
In actions under the provisions of this part, the forms of process, writs, pleadings, and motions and the practice and procedure, together with the right of appeal to the supreme court of the state of Montana, shall be the same as if the state of Montana were a private person, and provisions for counterclaim and setoff shall be the same as if the state of Montana were a private person.
History: En. Sec. 5, Ch. 138, L. 1955; R.C.M. 1947, 83-605.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 4. Contract Actions Against the State › 18-1-412. Service of process upon attorney general

18-1-412. Service of process upon attorney general.
In addition to any other requirement for service of process contained in Rule 4(l), M.R.Civ.P., the attorney general of the state of Montana is hereby designated as the person upon whom all process shall be served in actions under the provisions of this part.
History: En. Sec. 6, Ch. 138, L. 1955; amd. Sec. 15, Ch. 343, L. 1977; R.C.M. 1947, 83-606(part); amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 58, L. 1979.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 4. Contract Actions Against the State › 18-1-413. Litigation -- compromise

18-1-413. Litigation -- compromise.
The attorney general has full charge of litigation under this part on behalf of the state of Montana. The attorney general is authorized to arbitrate, compromise, or settle any claim cognizable under this part after the institution of any suit under this part, with the approval of the court in which the suit is pending. The provisions of 2-4-603(1) apply to any arbitration, compromise, or settlement made pursuant to this section.
History: En. Sec. 6, Ch. 138, L. 1955; amd. Sec. 15, Ch. 343, L. 1977; R.C.M. 1947, 83-606(part); amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 451, L. 1999.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 1. Public Contracts Generally › Part 4. Contract Actions Against the State › 18-1-414. Judgments -- payment

18-1-414. Judgments -- payment.
A final judgment shall be the obligation of the state of Montana and shall be paid out of funds appropriated by the legislature next succeeding the date of judgment.
History: En. Sec. 7, Ch. 138, L. 1955; R.C.M. 1947, 83-607.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 2. Construction Contracts › Part 1. General Provisions › 18-2-101. Definitions of building, costs, and construction

18-2-101. Definitions of building, costs, and construction.
In part 1 of this chapter, with the exception of 18-2-104, 18-2-107, 18-2-113, 18-2-114, 18-2-122, and 18-2-123, the following definitions apply:
(1) (a) "Building" includes a building, facility, or structure:
(i) constructed or purchased wholly or in part with state money;
(ii) at a state institution;
(iii) owned or to be owned by a state agency, including the department of transportation; or
(iv) constructed for the use or benefit of the state with federal or private money as provided in 18-2-102(2)(e).
(b) "Building" does not include a building, facility, or structure:
(i) owned or to be owned by a county, city, town, school district, or special improvement district;
(ii) used as a component part of an environmental remediation or abandoned mine land reclamation project, a highway, or a water conservation project, unless the building will require a continuing state general fund financial obligation after the environmental remediation or abandoned mine land reclamation project is completed; or
(iii) leased or to be leased by a state agency.
(2) (a) "Construction" includes the construction, alteration, repair, maintenance, and remodeling of a building and the equipping and furnishing of a building during construction, alteration, repair, maintenance, and remodeling.
(b) "Construction" does not include work performed under an energy performance contract entered into pursuant to Title 90, chapter 4, part 11.
(3) "Costs" means those expenses defined in 17-5-801.
History: En. Sec. 14, Ch. 271, L. 1963; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 24, L. 1973; amd. Sec. 81, Ch. 326, L. 1974; R.C.M. 1947, 82-3314; amd. Sec. 4, Ch. 388, L. 1979; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 67, L. 1981; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 491, L. 1983; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 7, L. 1985; amd. Sec. 5, Ch. 372, L. 1985; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 512, L. 1991; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 241, L. 1995; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 392, L. 1997; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 470, L. 1999; amd. Sec. 6, Ch. 374, L. 2005; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 439, L. 2009; amd. Sec. 15, Ch. 3, L. 2019.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 2. Construction Contracts › Part 1. General Provisions › 18-2-102. Authority to construct buildings -- reporting requirement

18-2-102. Authority to construct buildings -- reporting requirement.
(1) Except as provided in 22-3-1003 and subsection (2) of this section, construction activities costing more than $300,000 require the consent of the legislature. Legislative approval of repair and maintenance costs as part of an agency's operating budget constitutes the legislature's consent. When a building costing more than $300,000 is to be financed in a manner that does not require legislative appropriation of money, the consent may be in the form of a joint resolution.
(2) (a) The governor may authorize the emergency repair or alteration of a building and is authorized to transfer funds and authority as necessary to accomplish the project. Transfers may not be made from the funds for an uncompleted capital project unless the project is under the supervision of the same agency.
(b) The regents of the Montana university system may authorize the construction of revenue-producing facilities referred to in 20-25-302 if they are to be financed wholly from the revenue from the facility.
(c) The regents of the Montana university system, with the consent of the governor, may authorize the construction of a building that is financed wholly with federal or private money if the construction of the building will not result in any new programs.
(d) The regents of the Montana university system may authorize the construction of facilities as provided in 20-25-309.
(e) The department of military affairs, with the consent of the governor, may authorize the construction of a building that is financed wholly with federal or private money on federal land for the use or benefit of the state.
(f) Each year by August 1, the department of administration shall report, in accordance with 5-11-210, to the long-range planning budget committee provided for in 5-12-501 on all buildings constructed without legislative approval that cost between $150,000 and $300,000 during the previous fiscal year.
History: En. Sec. 16, Ch. 271, L. 1963; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 13, L. 1967; amd. Sec. 83, Ch. 326, L. 1974; R.C.M. 1947, 82-3316; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 7, L. 1985; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 518, L. 1993; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 241, L. 1995; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 249, L. 1997; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 403, L. 2007; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 419, L. 2007; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 96, L. 2023.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 2. Construction Contracts › Part 1. General Provisions › 18-2-104. Scheduling of state building program

18-2-104. Scheduling of state building program.
The department of administration shall, by careful advance planning, ordering of construction priorities, consultation with architects, and timing of bid lettings, direct the building program of the state in such a manner as to reduce to a minimum the effects of weather on construction and to stabilize as far as possible the work opportunities of the construction labor force.
History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 116, L. 1967; amd. Sec. 98, Ch. 326, L. 1974; R.C.M. 1947, 78-910.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 2. Construction Contracts › Part 1. General Provisions › 18-2-105. General powers and duties of department of administration

18-2-105. General powers and duties of department of administration.
In carrying out powers relating to the construction of buildings, the department of administration may:
(1) inspect buildings not under construction;
(2) contract with the federal government for advance planning funds;
(3) transfer funds and authority to agencies and accept funds and authority from agencies;
(4) subject to 2-17-135, purchase, lease, and acquire by exchange or otherwise, land and buildings in Lewis and Clark County and equipment and furnishings for the buildings;
(5) issue and sell bonds and other securities;
(6) maintain an inventory of all buildings;
(7) appoint a project representative to supervise architects' and consulting engineers' inspection of construction of buildings to ensure that all construction is in accordance with the contracts, plans, and specifications. The cost of supervision may be charged against money available for construction.
(8) negotiate deductive changes, not to exceed 15% of the total cost of a project, with the lowest responsible bidder when the lowest responsible bid causes the project cost to exceed the appropriation or with the lowest responsible bidders, if multiple contracts will be awarded on the project, when the total of the lowest responsible bids causes the project cost to exceed the appropriation. A bidder is not required to negotiate a bid but is required to honor the bid for the time specified in the bidding documents. The department may terminate negotiations at any time.
History: En. Sec. 18, Ch. 271, L. 1963; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 203, L. 1965; amd. Sec. 84, Ch. 326, L. 1974; R.C.M. 1947, 82-3318; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 291, L. 1985; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 518, L. 1993; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 249, L. 1997; amd. Sec. 12, Ch. 217, L. 2007; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 96, L. 2023.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 2. Construction Contracts › Part 1. General Provisions › 18-2-106. Pecuniary interest prohibited

18-2-106. Pecuniary interest prohibited.
(1) The director of administration and the state architect may not have a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in any contract, transaction, or project involving the construction of a building.
(2) An employee of the department who is directly responsible for construction procurement may not have a direct pecuniary interest in a contract for the construction of a building unless the contract is awarded through a competitive procurement procedure.
History: En. Sec. 21, Ch. 271, L. 1963; amd. Sec. 85, Ch. 326, L. 1974; R.C.M. 1947, 82-3321; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 303, L. 1999.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 2. Construction Contracts › Part 1. General Provisions › 18-2-107. Deposit of capitol building grant revenue

18-2-107. Deposit of capitol building grant revenue.
(1) The state treasurer shall deposit in a capital projects fund all revenue from the capitol building land grant after any deductions made under 77-1-109.
(2) The funds must be held and dedicated for the purpose of constructing capitol buildings or additions to buildings in accordance with the provisions of section 12 of The Enabling Act.
History: (1)En. Sec. 1, Ch. 120, L. 1943; amd. Sec. 49, Ch. 147, L. 1963; Sec. 78-501, R.C.M. 1947; (2)En. Sec. 3, Ch. 120, L. 1943; amd. Sec. 50, Ch. 147, L. 1963; Sec. 78-503, R.C.M. 1947; R.C.M. 1947, 78-501, 78-503; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 277, L. 1983; amd. Sec. 6, Ch. 533, L. 1993; amd. Sec. 4, Ch. 122, L. 1999; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 355, L. 2003; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 465, L. 2009.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 2. Construction Contracts › Part 1. General Provisions › 18-2-108. Compliance with state laws and regulations

18-2-108. Compliance with state laws and regulations.
All buildings built or leased or purchased under this title must comply with all laws, safety codes, and rules of the state of Montana.
History: En. 82-3315.8 by Sec. 8, Ch. 242, L. 1974; R.C.M. 1947, 82-3315.8.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 2. Construction Contracts › Part 1. General Provisions › 18-2-111. Policy regarding practice of architecture or engineering -- preparation of working drawings by department limited

18-2-111. Policy regarding practice of architecture or engineering -- preparation of working drawings by department limited.
(1) It is the policy of the state not to engage in the practice of architecture or engineering. However, this policy may not be construed as prohibiting the department of administration from:
(a) engaging in preplanning functions necessary to prepare a building program for presentation to the legislature;
(b) supervising construction as provided in 18-2-105(7); or
(c) preparing working drawings for minor projects.
(2) The department of administration may not prepare working drawings for construction activities, with the exception of repair or maintenance projects, when the total cost of the construction will exceed $150,000.
(3) This policy may not be construed to grant the department an exception from the licensing requirements of Title 67, chapter 65 or 67, or the seal requirements provided in 18-2-114 and 18-2-122.
History: En. Sec. 20, Ch. 271, L. 1963; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 371, L. 1977; R.C.M. 1947, 82-3320; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 491, L. 1983; amd. Sec. 4, Ch. 518, L. 1993; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 470, L. 1995; amd. Sec. 4, Ch. 96, L. 2023.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 2. Construction Contracts › Part 1. General Provisions › 18-2-112. Appointment of architects and consulting engineers

18-2-112. Appointment of architects and consulting engineers.
The department of administration shall appoint any architect or consulting engineer retained for work on any building to be constructed, remodeled, or renovated by the state of Montana, its boards, institutions, and agencies from a list of three architects or consulting engineers proposed by the state board, institution, or agency where the work is to be done. The department need not appoint an architect or consulting engineer for repair or maintenance projects.
History: En. Sec. 19, Ch. 271, L. 1963; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 231, L. 1965; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 83, L. 1973; amd. Sec. 98, Ch. 326, L. 1974; R.C.M. 1947, 82-3319; amd. Sec. 4, Ch. 491, L. 1983; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 22, L. 1993; amd. Sec. 5, Ch. 518, L. 1993.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 2. Construction Contracts › Part 1. General Provisions › 18-2-113. Architects on public buildings to be certified

18-2-113. Architects on public buildings to be certified.
A contract for the employment of or the rendering of professional services by any person relating to the planning or construction of public buildings or other public works or improvements may not be entered into by this state or its agencies or a county, city, or school district in this state unless the person is the holder in good standing of a license granted under Title 37, chapter 65, by the board of architects and landscape architects.
History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 190, L. 1953; amd. Sec. 32, Ch. 350, L. 1974; amd. Sec. 6, Ch. 544, L. 1977; R.C.M. 1947, 66-113; amd. Sec. 7, Ch. 11, L. 2007.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 2. Construction Contracts › Part 1. General Provisions › 18-2-114. Seal and signature of architect on plans

18-2-114. Seal and signature of architect on plans.
All architectural plans and specifications for public buildings of the state of Montana or any agency thereof or of any county, city, or school district of the state shall bear the seal and signature of the architect responsible therefor.
History: En. Sec. 2, Ch. 190, L. 1953; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 68, L. 1957; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 167, L. 1961; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 220, L. 1965; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 131, L. 1967; amd. Sec. 7, Ch. 544, L. 1977; R.C.M. 1947, 66-114(part).
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 2. Construction Contracts › Part 1. General Provisions › 18-2-115. Repealed

18-2-115. Repealed.
Sec. 12, Ch. 388, L. 1979.
History: En. Sec. 2, Ch. 190, L. 1953; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 68, L. 1957; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 167, L. 1961; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 220, L. 1965; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 131, L. 1967; amd. Sec. 7, Ch. 544, L. 1977; R.C.M. 1947, 66-114(part).
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 18. Public Contracts › Chapter 2. Construction Contracts › Part 1. General Provisions › 18-2-121. Engineer or land surveyor to supervise project

18-2-121. Engineer or land surveyor to supervise project.
This state and its political subdivisions such as counties, cities, towns, townships, boroughs, or other political entities or legally constituted boards, commissions, or authorities or officials or employees thereof shall not engage in the practice of engineering or land surveying involving either public or private property without the project being under the direct charge and supervision of a professional engineer for engineering projects or land surveyor for all land surveying projects, as provided for the practice of the respective professions by Title 37.
History: En. 66-2363 by Sec. 11, Ch. 366, L. 1975; R.C.M. 1947, 66-2363(part).