reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-311. Perfection of security interests in property subject to certain statutes, regulations, and treaties

30-9A-311. Perfection of security interests in property subject to certain statutes, regulations, and treaties.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (4), the filing of a financing statement is not necessary or effective to perfect a security interest in property subject to:
(a) a statute, regulation, or treaty of the United States whose requirements for a security interest's obtaining priority over the rights of a lien creditor with respect to the property preempt 30-9A-310(1);
(b) the certificate of title provisions of Title 23 or 61; or
(c) a statute of another jurisdiction that provides for a security interest to be indicated on a certificate of title as a condition or result of the security interest's obtaining priority over the rights of a lien creditor with respect to the property.
(2) Compliance with the requirements of a statute, regulation, or treaty described in subsection (1) for obtaining priority over the rights of a lien creditor is equivalent to the filing of a financing statement under this chapter. Except as otherwise provided in 30-9A-313 and 30-9A-316(4) and (5) and subsection (4) of this section for goods covered by a certificate of title, a security interest in property subject to a statute, regulation, or treaty described in subsection (1) may be perfected only by compliance with those requirements, and a security interest so perfected remains perfected notwithstanding a change in the use or transfer of possession of the collateral.
(3) Except as otherwise provided in 30-9A-316(4) and (5) and subsection (4) of this section, duration and renewal of perfection of a security interest perfected by compliance with the requirements prescribed by a statute, regulation, or treaty described in subsection (1) are governed by the statute, regulation, or treaty. In other respects the security interest is subject to this chapter.
(4) During any period in which collateral subject to a statute specified in subsection (1)(b) is inventory held for sale or lease by a person or leased by that person as lessor and that person is in the business of selling goods of that kind, this section does not apply to a security interest in that collateral created by that person.
History: En. Sec. 30, Ch. 305, L. 1999; amd. Sec. 7, Ch. 179, L. 2001; Sec. 30-9-331, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-311 by Code Commissioner, 2001; amd. Sec. 38, Ch. 477, L. 2003; amd. Sec. 5, Ch. 75, L. 2013.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-314. Perfection by control

30-9A-314. Perfection by control.
(1) A security interest in investment property, a deposit account, a letter-of-credit right, or electronic chattel paper may be perfected by control of the collateral under 30-7-107, 30-9A-104, 30-9A-105, 30-9A-106, or 30-9A-107.
(2) A security interest in a deposit account, electronic chattel paper, a letter-of-credit right, or electronic document is perfected by control under 30-7-107, 30-9A-104, 30-9A-105, or 30-9A-107 when the secured party obtains control and remains perfected by control only while the secured party retains control.
(3) A security interest in investment property is perfected by control under 30-9A-106 from the time the secured party obtains control and remains perfected by control until:
(a) the secured party does not have control; and
(b) one of the following occurs:
(i) if the collateral is a certificated security, the debtor has or acquires possession of the security certificate;
(ii) if the collateral is an uncertificated security, the issuer has registered or registers the debtor as the registered owner; or
(iii) if the collateral is a security entitlement, the debtor is or becomes the entitlement holder.
History: En. Sec. 33, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-334, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-314 by Code Commissioner, 2001; amd. Sec. 82, Ch. 575, L. 2005.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-315. Secured party's rights on disposition of collateral and in proceeds

30-9A-315. Secured party's rights on disposition of collateral and in proceeds.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in 30-2-403(2) and this chapter:
(a) a security interest or agricultural lien continues in collateral notwithstanding sale, lease, license, exchange, or other disposition thereof unless the secured party authorized the disposition free of the security interest or agricultural lien; and
(b) a security interest attaches to any identifiable proceeds of collateral.
(2) Proceeds that are commingled with other property are identifiable proceeds:
(a) if the proceeds are goods, to the extent provided by 30-9A-336; and
(b) if the proceeds are not goods, to the extent that the secured party identifies the proceeds by a method of tracing, including application of equitable principles, that is permitted under law other than this chapter with respect to commingled property of the type involved.
(3) A security interest in proceeds is a perfected security interest if the security interest in the original collateral was perfected.
(4) A perfected security interest in proceeds becomes unperfected on the 21st day after the security interest attaches to the proceeds unless:
(a) the following conditions are satisfied:
(i) a filed financing statement covers the original collateral;
(ii) the proceeds are collateral in which a security interest may be perfected by filing in the office in which the financing statement has been filed; and
(iii) the proceeds are not acquired with cash proceeds;
(b) the proceeds are identifiable cash proceeds; or
(c) the security interest in the proceeds is perfected when the security interest attaches to the proceeds or within 20 days thereafter.
(5) If a filed financing statement covers the original collateral, a security interest in proceeds that remains perfected under subsection (4)(a) becomes unperfected at the later of:
(a) when the effectiveness of the filed financing statement lapses under 30-9A-515 or is terminated under 30-9A-513; or
(b) the 21st day after the security interest attaches to the proceeds.
History: En. Sec. 34, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-335, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-315 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-317. Interests that take priority over or take free of security interest or agricultural lien

30-9A-317. Interests that take priority over or take free of security interest or agricultural lien.
(1) A security interest or agricultural lien is subordinate to the rights of:
(a) a person entitled to priority under 30-9A-322; and
(b) except as otherwise provided in subsection (5), a person that becomes a lien creditor before the earlier of the time:
(i) the security interest or agricultural lien is perfected; or
(ii) one of the conditions specified in 30-9A-203(2)(c) is met and a financing statement covering the collateral is filed.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (5), a buyer, other than a secured party, of chattel paper, tangible documents, goods, instruments, or a certificated security takes free of a security interest or agricultural lien if the buyer gives value and receives delivery of the collateral without knowledge of the security interest or agricultural lien and before it is perfected.
(3) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (5), a lessee of goods takes free of a security interest or agricultural lien if the lessee gives value and receives delivery of the collateral without knowledge of the security interest or agricultural lien and before it is perfected.
(4) A licensee of a general intangible or a buyer, other than a secured party, of collateral other than tangible chattel paper, tangible documents, goods, instruments, or a certificated security takes free of a security interest if the licensee or buyer gives value without knowledge of the security interest and before it is perfected.
(5) Except as otherwise provided in 30-9A-320 and 30-9A-321, if a person files a financing statement with respect to a purchase-money security interest before or within 20 days after the debtor receives delivery of the collateral, the security interest takes priority over the rights of a buyer, lessee, or lien creditor that arise between the time the security interest attaches and the time of filing.
History: En. Sec. 36, Ch. 305, L. 1999; amd. Sec. 8, Ch. 179, L. 2001; Sec. 30-9-337, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-317 by Code Commissioner, 2001; amd. Sec. 83, Ch. 575, L. 2005; amd. Sec. 7, Ch. 75, L. 2013.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-318. No interest retained in right to payment that is sold -- rights and title of seller of account or chattel paper with respect to creditors and purchasers

30-9A-318. No interest retained in right to payment that is sold -- rights and title of seller of account or chattel paper with respect to creditors and purchasers.
(1) A debtor that has sold an account, chattel paper, payment intangible, or promissory note does not retain a legal or equitable interest in the collateral sold.
(2) For purposes of determining the rights of creditors of, and purchasers for value of an account or chattel paper from, a debtor that has sold an account or chattel paper, while the buyer's security interest is unperfected, the debtor has rights and title to the account or chattel paper identical to those the debtor sold.
History: En. Sec. 37, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-338, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-318 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-319. Rights and title of consignee with respect to creditors and purchasers

30-9A-319. Rights and title of consignee with respect to creditors and purchasers.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (2), for purposes of determining the rights of creditors of, and purchasers for value of goods from, a consignee, while the goods are in the possession of the consignee, the consignee has rights and title to the goods identical to those the consignor had or had power to transfer.
(2) For purposes of determining the rights of a creditor of a consignee, law other than this chapter determines the rights and title of a consignee while goods are in the consignee's possession if, under this part, a perfected security interest held by the consignor would have priority over the rights of the creditor.
History: En. Sec. 38, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-339, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-319 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-320. Buyer of goods

30-9A-320. Buyer of goods.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (5), a buyer in ordinary course of business, other than a person buying farm products from a person engaged in farming operations, takes free of a security interest created by the buyer's seller, even if the security interest is perfected and the buyer knows of its existence.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (5), a buyer of goods from a person who used or bought the goods for use primarily for personal, family, or household purposes takes free of a security interest, even if perfected, if the buyer buys:
(a) without knowledge of the security interest;
(b) for value;
(c) primarily for the buyer's personal, family, or household purposes; and
(d) before the filing of a financing statement covering the goods.
(3) To the extent that it affects the priority of a security interest over a buyer of goods under subsection (2), the period of effectiveness of a filing made in the jurisdiction in which the seller is located is governed by 30-9A-316(1) and (2).
(4) A buyer in ordinary course of business buying oil, gas, or other minerals at the wellhead or minehead or after extraction takes free of an interest arising out of an encumbrance.
(5) Subsections (1) and (2) do not affect a security interest in goods in the possession of the secured party under 30-9A-313.
History: En. Sec. 39, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-340, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-320 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-321. Licensee of general intangible and lessee of goods in ordinary course of business

30-9A-321. Licensee of general intangible and lessee of goods in ordinary course of business.
(1) In this section, "licensee in ordinary course of business" means a person that becomes a licensee of a general intangible in good faith, without knowledge that the license violates the rights of another person in the general intangible, and in the ordinary course from a person in the business of licensing general intangibles of that kind. A person becomes a licensee in ordinary course of business if the license to the person comports with the usual or customary practices in the kind of business in which the licensor is engaged or with the licensor's own usual or customary practices.
(2) A licensee of a general intangible in ordinary course of business takes its rights under the license free of a security interest in the general intangible created by the licensor, even if the security interest is perfected and the licensee knows of its existence.
(3) A lessee in ordinary course of business takes its leasehold interest free of a security interest in the goods created by the lessor, even if the security interest is perfected and the lessee knows of its existence.
History: En. Sec. 40, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-341, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-321 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-323. Future advances

30-9A-323. Future advances.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (3), for purposes of determining the priority of a perfected security interest under 30-9A-322(1)(a), perfection of the security interest dates from the time an advance is made to the extent that the security interest secures an advance that:
(a) is made while the security interest is perfected only:
(i) under 30-9A-309 when it attaches; or
(ii) temporarily under 30-9A-312(5), (6), or (7); and
(b) is not made pursuant to a commitment entered into before or while the security interest is perfected by a method other than under 30-9A-309 or 30-9A-312(5), (6), or (7).
(2) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (3), a security interest is subordinate to the rights of a person that becomes a lien creditor to the extent that the security interest secures an advance made more than 45 days after the person becomes a lien creditor unless the advance is made:
(a) without knowledge of the lien; or
(b) pursuant to a commitment entered into without knowledge of the lien.
(3) Subsections (1) and (2) do not apply to a security interest held by a secured party that is a buyer of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes or a consignor.
(4) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (5), a buyer of goods other than a buyer in ordinary course of business takes free of a security interest to the extent that it secures advances made after the earlier of:
(a) the time the secured party acquires knowledge of the buyer's purchase; or
(b) 45 days after the purchase.
(5) Subsection (4) does not apply if the advance is made pursuant to a commitment entered into without knowledge of the buyer's purchase and before the expiration of the 45-day period.
(6) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (7), a lessee of goods, other than a lessee in ordinary course of business, takes the leasehold interest free of a security interest to the extent that it secures advances made after the earlier of:
(a) the time the secured party acquires knowledge of the lease; or
(b) 45 days after the lease contract becomes enforceable.
(7) Subsection (6) does not apply if the advance is made pursuant to a commitment entered into without knowledge of the lease and before the expiration of the 45-day period.
History: En. Sec. 42, Ch. 305, L. 1999; amd. Sec. 9, Ch. 179, L. 2001; Sec. 30-9-343, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-323 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-325. Priority of security interests in transferred collateral

30-9A-325. Priority of security interests in transferred collateral.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (2), a security interest created by a debtor is subordinate to a security interest in the same collateral created by another person if:
(a) the debtor acquired the collateral subject to the security interest created by the other person;
(b) the security interest created by the other person was perfected when the debtor acquired the collateral; and
(c) there is no period thereafter when the security interest is unperfected.
(2) Subsection (1) subordinates a security interest only if the security interest:
(a) otherwise would have priority solely under 30-9A-322(1) or 30-9A-324; or
(b) arose solely under 30-2-711(3) or 30-2A-508(5).
History: En. Sec. 44, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-345, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-325 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-326. Priority of security interests created by new debtor

30-9A-326. Priority of security interests created by new debtor.
(1) Subject to subsection (2), a security interest that is created by a new debtor in collateral in which the new debtor has or acquires rights and is perfected solely by a filed financing statement that would be ineffective to perfect the security interest but for the application of 30-9A-316(9)(a) or 30-9A-508 is subordinate to a security interest in the same collateral that is perfected other than by such a filed financing statement.
(2) The other provisions of this part determine the priority among conflicting security interests in the same collateral perfected by filed financing statements described in subsection (1). However, if the security agreements to which a new debtor became bound as debtor were not entered into by the same original debtor, the conflicting security interests rank according to priority in time of the new debtor's having become bound.
History: En. Sec. 45, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-346, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-326 by Code Commissioner, 2001; amd. Sec. 8, Ch. 75, L. 2013.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-327. Priority of security interests in deposit account

30-9A-327. Priority of security interests in deposit account.
The following rules govern priority among conflicting security interests in the same deposit account:
(1) A security interest held by a secured party having control of the deposit account under 30-9A-104 has priority over a conflicting security interest held by a secured party that does not have control.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (3) and (4), security interests perfected by control under 30-9A-314 rank according to priority in time of obtaining control.
(3) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (4), a security interest held by the bank with which the deposit account is maintained has priority over a conflicting security interest held by another secured party.
(4) A security interest perfected by control under 30-9A-104(1)(c) has priority over a security interest held by the bank with which the deposit account is maintained.
History: En. Sec. 46, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-347, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-327 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-328. Priority of security interests in investment property

30-9A-328. Priority of security interests in investment property.
The following rules govern priority among conflicting security interests in the same investment property:
(1) A security interest held by a secured party having control of investment property under 30-9A-106 has priority over a security interest of a secured party that does not have control of the investment property.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (3) and (4), conflicting security interests held by secured parties each of which has control under 30-9A-106 rank according to priority in time of:
(a) if the collateral is a security, obtaining control;
(b) if the collateral is a security entitlement carried in a securities account and:
(i) if the secured party obtained control under 30-8-116(4)(a), the secured party's becoming the person for which the securities account is maintained;
(ii) if the secured party obtained control under 30-8-116(4)(b), the securities intermediary's agreement to comply with the secured party's entitlement orders with respect to security entitlements carried or to be carried in the securities account; or
(iii) if the secured party obtained control through another person under 30-8-116(4)(c), the time on which priority would be based under this subsection if the other person were the secured party; or
(c) if the collateral is a commodity contract carried with a commodity intermediary, the satisfaction of the requirement for control specified in 30-9A-106(2)(b) with respect to commodity contracts carried or to be carried with the commodity intermediary.
(3) A security interest held by a securities intermediary in a security entitlement or a securities account maintained with the securities intermediary has priority over a conflicting security interest held by another secured party.
(4) A security interest held by a commodity intermediary in a commodity contract or a commodity account maintained with the commodity intermediary has priority over a conflicting security interest held by another secured party.
(5) A security interest in a certificated security in registered form that is perfected by taking delivery under 30-9A-313(1) and not by control under 30-9A-314 has priority over a conflicting security interest perfected by a method other than control.
(6) Conflicting security interests granted by a broker, securities intermediary, or commodity intermediary that are perfected without control under 30-9A-106 rank equally.
(7) In all other cases, priority among conflicting security interests in investment property is governed by 30-9A-322 and 30-9A-323.
History: En. Sec. 47, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-348, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-328 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-329. Priority of security interests in letter-of-credit right

30-9A-329. Priority of security interests in letter-of-credit right.
The following rules govern priority among conflicting security interests in the same letter-of-credit right:
(1) A security interest held by a secured party having control of the letter-of-credit right under 30-9A-107 has priority to the extent of its control over a conflicting security interest held by a secured party that does not have control.
(2) Security interests perfected by control under 30-9A-314 rank according to priority in time of obtaining control.
History: En. Sec. 48, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-349, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-329 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-330. Purchase of chattel paper or instrument

30-9A-330. Purchase of chattel paper or instrument.
(1) A purchaser of chattel paper has priority over a security interest in the chattel paper that is claimed merely as proceeds of inventory subject to a security interest if:
(a) in good faith and in the ordinary course of the purchaser's business, the purchaser gives new value and takes possession of the chattel paper or obtains control of the chattel paper under 30-9A-105; and
(b) the chattel paper does not indicate that it has been assigned to an identified assignee other than the purchaser.
(2) A purchaser of chattel paper has priority over a security interest in the chattel paper that is claimed other than merely as proceeds of inventory subject to a security interest if the purchaser gives new value and takes possession of the chattel paper or obtains control of the chattel paper under 30-9A-105 in good faith, in the ordinary course of the purchaser's business, and without knowledge that the purchase violates the rights of the secured party.
(3) Except as otherwise provided in 30-9A-327, a purchaser having priority in chattel paper under subsection (1) or (2) also has priority in proceeds of the chattel paper to the extent that:
(a) 30-9A-322 provides for priority in the proceeds; or
(b) the proceeds consist of the specific goods covered by the chattel paper or cash proceeds of the specific goods, even if the purchaser's security interest in the proceeds is unperfected.
(4) Except as otherwise provided in 30-9A-331(1), a purchaser of an instrument has priority over a security interest in the instrument perfected by a method other than possession if the purchaser gives value and takes possession of the instrument in good faith and without knowledge that the purchase violates the rights of the secured party.
(5) For purposes of subsections (1) and (2), the holder of a purchase-money security interest in inventory gives new value for chattel paper constituting proceeds of the inventory.
(6) For purposes of subsections (2) and (4), if chattel paper or an instrument indicates that it has been assigned to an identified secured party other than the purchaser, a purchaser of the chattel paper or instrument has knowledge that the purchase violates the rights of the secured party.
History: En. Sec. 49, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-350, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-330 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-331. Priority of rights of purchasers of instruments, documents, and securities under other chapters -- priority of interests in financial assets and security entitlements under chapter 8

30-9A-331. Priority of rights of purchasers of instruments, documents, and securities under other chapters -- priority of interests in financial assets and security entitlements under chapter 8.
(1) This chapter does not limit the rights of a holder in due course of a negotiable instrument, a holder to whom a negotiable document of title has been duly negotiated, or a protected purchaser of a security. These holders or purchasers take priority over an earlier security interest, even if perfected, to the extent provided in chapters 3, 7, and 8.
(2) This chapter does not limit the rights of or impose liability on a person to the extent that the person is protected against the assertion of a claim under chapter 8.
(3) Filing under this chapter does not constitute notice of a claim or defense to the holders, purchasers, or persons mentioned in subsections (1) and (2).
History: En. Sec. 50, Ch. 305, L. 1999; amd. Sec. 10, Ch. 179, L. 2001; Sec. 30-9-351, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-331 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-332. Transfer of money -- transfer of funds from deposit account

30-9A-332. Transfer of money -- transfer of funds from deposit account.
(1) A transferee of money takes the money free of a security interest unless the transferee acts in collusion with the debtor in violating the rights of the secured party.
(2) A transferee of funds from a deposit account takes the funds free of a security interest in the deposit account unless the transferee acts in collusion with the debtor in violating the rights of the secured party.
History: En. Sec. 51, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-352, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-332 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-333. Priority of certain liens arising by operation of law

30-9A-333. Priority of certain liens arising by operation of law.
(1) In this section, "possessory lien" means an interest, other than a security interest or an agricultural lien:
(a) that secures payment or performance of an obligation for services or materials furnished with respect to goods by a person in the ordinary course of the person's business;
(b) that is created by statute or rule of law in favor of the person; and
(c) whose effectiveness depends on the person's possession of the goods.
(2) A possessory lien on goods has priority over a security interest in the goods unless the lien is created by a statute that expressly provides otherwise.
History: En. Sec. 52, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-353, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-333 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-335. Accessions

30-9A-335. Accessions.
(1) A security interest may be created in an accession and continues in collateral that becomes an accession.
(2) If a security interest is perfected when the collateral becomes an accession, the security interest remains perfected in the collateral.
(3) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (4), the other provisions of this part determine the priority of a security interest in an accession.
(4) A security interest in an accession is subordinate to a security interest in the whole that is perfected by compliance with the requirements of a certificate-of-title statute under 30-9A-311(2).
(5) After default, subject to part 6, a secured party may remove an accession from other goods if the security interest in the accession has priority over the claims of every person having an interest in the whole.
(6) A secured party that removes an accession from other goods under subsection (5) shall promptly reimburse any encumbrancer or owner of the whole or of the other goods, other than the debtor, for the cost of repair of any physical injury to the whole or the other goods. The secured party need not reimburse the encumbrancer or owner for any diminution in value of the whole or the other goods caused by the absence of the accession removed or by any necessity for replacing it. A person entitled to reimbursement may refuse permission to remove until the secured party gives adequate assurance for the performance of the obligation to reimburse.
History: En. Sec. 54, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-355, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-335 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-336. Commingled goods

30-9A-336. Commingled goods.
(1) In this section, "commingled goods" means goods that are physically united with other goods in such a manner that their identity is lost in a product or mass.
(2) A security interest does not exist in commingled goods as such. However, a security interest may attach to a product or mass that results when goods become commingled goods.
(3) If collateral becomes commingled goods, a security interest attaches to the product or mass.
(4) If a security interest in collateral is perfected before the collateral becomes commingled goods, the security interest that attaches to the product or mass under subsection (3) is perfected.
(5) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (6), the other provisions of this part, as applicable, determine the priority of a security interest that attaches to the product or mass under subsection (3).
(6) If more than one security interest attaches to the product or mass under subsection (3), the following rules determine priority:
(a) A security interest that is perfected under subsection (4) has priority over a security interest that is unperfected at the time the collateral becomes commingled goods.
(b) If more than one security interest is perfected under subsection (4), the security interests rank equally in proportion to the value of the collateral at the time it became commingled goods.
History: En. Sec. 55, Ch. 305, L. 1999; amd. Sec. 11, Ch. 179, L. 2001; Sec. 30-9-356, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-336 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-337. Priority of security interests in goods covered by certificate of title

30-9A-337. Priority of security interests in goods covered by certificate of title.
If, while a security interest in goods is perfected by any method under the law of another jurisdiction, this state issues a certificate of title that does not show that the goods are subject to the security interest or contain a statement that they may be subject to security interests not shown on the certificate:
(1) a buyer of the goods, other than a person that is in the business of selling goods of that kind, takes free of the security interest if the buyer gives value and receives delivery of the goods after issuance of the certificate and without knowledge of the security interest; and
(2) the security interest is subordinate to a conflicting security interest in the goods that attaches, and is perfected under 30-9A-311(2), after issuance of the certificate and without the conflicting secured party's knowledge of the security interest.
History: En. Sec. 56, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-357, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-337 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-338. Priority of security interest or agricultural lien perfected by filed financing statement providing certain incorrect information

30-9A-338. Priority of security interest or agricultural lien perfected by filed financing statement providing certain incorrect information.
If a security interest or agricultural lien is perfected by a filed financing statement providing information described in 30-9A-516(2)(e) that is incorrect at the time the financing statement is filed:
(1) the security interest or agricultural lien is subordinate to a conflicting perfected security interest in the collateral to the extent that the holder of the conflicting security interest gives value in reasonable reliance upon the incorrect information; and
(2) a purchaser, other than a secured party, of the collateral takes free of the security interest or agricultural lien to the extent that, in reasonable reliance upon the incorrect information, the purchaser gives value and, in the case of tangible chattel paper, tangible documents, goods, instruments, or a security certificate, receives delivery of the collateral.
History: En. Sec. 57, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-358, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-338 by Code Commissioner, 2001; amd. Sec. 84, Ch. 575, L. 2005.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-339. Priority subject to subordination

30-9A-339. Priority subject to subordination.
This chapter does not preclude subordination by agreement by a person entitled to priority.
History: En. Sec. 58, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-359, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-339 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-340. Effectiveness of right of recoupment or setoff against deposit account

30-9A-340. Effectiveness of right of recoupment or setoff against deposit account.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (3), a bank with which a deposit account is maintained may exercise against a secured party that holds a security interest in the deposit account any right of recoupment or setoff.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (3), the application of this chapter to a security interest in a deposit account does not affect a right of recoupment or setoff of the secured party as to a deposit account maintained with the secured party.
(3) The exercise by a bank of a setoff against a deposit account is ineffective against a secured party that holds a security interest in the deposit account that is perfected by control under 30-9A-104(1)(c) if the setoff is based on a claim against the debtor.
History: En. Sec. 59, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-360, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-340 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-341. Bank's rights and duties with respect to deposit account

30-9A-341. Bank's rights and duties with respect to deposit account.
Except as otherwise provided in 30-9A-340(3) and unless the bank otherwise agrees in an authenticated record, a bank's rights and duties with respect to a deposit account maintained with the bank are not terminated, suspended, or modified by:
(1) the creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest in the deposit account;
(2) the bank's knowledge of the security interest; or
(3) the bank's receipt of instructions from the secured party.
History: En. Sec. 60, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-361, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-341 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 3. Perfection and Priority › 30-9A-342. Bank's right to refuse to enter into or disclose existence of control agreement

30-9A-342. Bank's right to refuse to enter into or disclose existence of control agreement.
This chapter does not require a bank to enter into an agreement of the type described in 30-9A-104(1)(b), even if its customer so requests or directs. A bank that has entered into such an agreement is not required to confirm the existence of the agreement to another person unless requested to do so by its customer.
History: En. Sec. 61, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-362, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-342 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 4. Rights of Third Parties › 30-9A-401. Alienability of debtor's rights

30-9A-401. Alienability of debtor's rights.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in 30-9A-406 through 30-9A-409 and subsection (2) of this section, whether a debtor's rights in collateral may be voluntarily or involuntarily transferred is governed by applicable law other than this chapter.
(2) An agreement between the debtor and secured party that prohibits a transfer of the debtor's rights in collateral or makes the transfer a default does not prevent the transfer from taking effect.
History: En. Sec. 62, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-441, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-401 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 4. Rights of Third Parties › 30-9A-402. Secured party not obligated on contract of debtor

30-9A-402. Secured party not obligated on contract of debtor.
The existence of a security interest, agricultural lien, or authority given to a debtor to dispose of or use collateral, without more, does not impose upon a secured party liability in contract or tort for the debtor's acts or omissions.
History: En. Sec. 63, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-442, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-402 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 4. Rights of Third Parties › 30-9A-403. Agreement not to assert defense against assignee

30-9A-403. Agreement not to assert defense against assignee.
(1) In this section, "value" has the meaning provided in 30-3-303(1).
(2) Except as otherwise provided in this section, an agreement between an account debtor and an assignor not to assert against an assignee any claim or defense that the account debtor may have against the assignor is enforceable by an assignee that takes an assignment:
(a) for value;
(b) in good faith;
(c) without notice of a claim of a property or possessory right to the property assigned; and
(d) without notice of a defense or claim in recoupment of the type that may be asserted against a person entitled to enforce a negotiable instrument under 30-3-305(1).
(3) Subsection (2) does not apply to defenses of a type that may be asserted against a holder in due course of a negotiable instrument under 30-3-305(2).
(4) In a consumer transaction, if a record evidences the account debtor's obligation, law other than this chapter requires that the record provide a statement to the effect that the rights of an assignee are subject to claims or defenses that the consumer debtor could assert against the original obligee, and the record does not provide such a statement:
(a) the record has the same effect as if the record provided such a statement; and
(b) the account debtor may assert against an assignee those claims and defenses that would have been available if the record provided such a statement.
(5) This section is subject to law other than this chapter that establishes a different rule for an account debtor who is an individual and who incurred the obligation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.
(6) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (4), this section does not displace law other than this chapter that gives effect to an agreement by an account debtor not to assert a claim or defense against an assignee.
History: En. Sec. 64, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-443, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-403 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 4. Rights of Third Parties › 30-9A-404. Rights acquired by assignee -- claim and defenses against assignee

30-9A-404. Rights acquired by assignee -- claim and defenses against assignee.
(1) Unless an account debtor has made an enforceable agreement not to assert defenses or claims, and subject to subsections (2) through (5), the rights of an assignee are subject to:
(a) all terms of the agreement between the account debtor and assignor and any defense or claim in recoupment arising from the transaction that gave rise to the contract; and
(b) any other defense or claim of the account debtor against the assignor that accrues before the account debtor receives a notification of the assignment authenticated by the assignor or the assignee.
(2) Subject to subsection (3) and except as otherwise provided in subsection (4), the claim of an account debtor against an assignor may be asserted against an assignee under subsection (1) only to reduce the amount the account debtor owes.
(3) This section is subject to law other than this chapter that establishes a different rule for an account debtor who is an individual and who incurred the obligation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.
(4) In a consumer transaction, if a record evidences the account debtor's obligation, law other than this chapter requires that the record provide a statement to the effect that the account debtor's recovery against an assignee with respect to claims and defenses against the assignor may not exceed amounts paid by the account debtor under the record, and the record does not provide such a statement, the extent to which a claim of an account debtor against the assignor may be asserted against an assignee is determined as if the record provided such a statement.
(5) This section does not apply to an assignment of a health-care-insurance receivable.
History: En. Sec. 65, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-444, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-404 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 4. Rights of Third Parties › 30-9A-405. Modification of assigned contract

30-9A-405. Modification of assigned contract.
(1) A modification of or substitution for an assigned contract is effective against an assignee if made in good faith. The assignee acquires corresponding rights under the modified or substituted contract. The assignment may provide that the modification or substitution is a breach of contract by the assignor. This subsection is subject to subsections (2) through (4).
(2) Subsection (1) applies to the extent that:
(a) the right to payment or a part thereof under an assigned contract has not been fully earned by performance; or
(b) the right to payment or a part thereof has been fully earned by performance and the account debtor has not received notification of the assignment under 30-9A-406(1).
(3) This section is subject to law other than this chapter that establishes a different rule for an account debtor who is an individual and who incurred the obligation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.
(4) This section does not apply to an assignment of a health-care-insurance receivable.
History: En. Sec. 66, Ch. 305, L. 1999; Sec. 30-9-445, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-405 by Code Commissioner, 2001.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 30. Trade and Commerce › Chapter 9A. Uniform Commercial Code Secured Transactions › Part 4. Rights of Third Parties › 30-9A-407. Restrictions on creation or enforcement of security interest in leasehold interest or in lessor's residual interest

30-9A-407. Restrictions on creation or enforcement of security interest in leasehold interest or in lessor's residual interest.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (2), a term in a lease agreement is ineffective to the extent that it:
(a) prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of a party to the lease to the assignment or transfer of, or the creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a security interest in, an interest of a party under the lease contract or in the lessor's residual interest in the goods; or
(b) provides that the assignment or transfer or the creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of the security interest may give rise to a default, breach, right of recoupment, claim, defense, termination, right of termination, or remedy under the lease.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in 30-2A-303(7), a term described in subsection (1)(b) is effective to the extent that there is:
(a) a transfer by the lessee of the lessee's right of possession or use of the goods in violation of the term; or
(b) a delegation of a material performance of either party to the lease contract in violation of the term.
(3) The creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a security interest in the lessor's interest under the lease contract or the lessor's residual interest in the goods is not a transfer that materially impairs the prospect of obtaining return performance by, materially changes the duty of, or materially increases the burden or risk imposed on the lessee within 30-2A-303(4). This subsection does not apply to the extent that enforcement results in a delegation of a material performance of the lessor.
History: En. Sec. 68, Ch. 305, L. 1999; amd. Sec. 13, Ch. 179, L. 2001; Sec. 30-9-447, MCA 1999; redes. 30-9A-407 by Code Commissioner, 2001.