Mississippi Code 1972 (2023) › Title 11 - CIVIL PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE (§§ 11-1-1 — 11-77-7) › Chapter 61 - MISSISSIPPI RELIGIOUS FREEDOM RESTORATION ACT (§§ 11-61-1 — 11-61-3) › Section 11-61-1 - Mississippi Religious Freedom Restoration Act; legislative findings; purpose; applicability; relation to First Amendment

(1)
This section shall be known and may be cited as the Mississippi Religious Freedom Restoration Act.
(2)
The Mississippi Legislature finds the following:
(a)
The framers of the Constitution, recognizing free exercise of religion as an unalienable right, secured its protection in the First Amendment to the Constitution;
(b)
Laws "neutral" toward religion may burden religious exercise as surely as laws intended to interfere with religious exercise;
(c)
Government should not substantially burden religious exercise without compelling justification;
(d)
In
Employment Division v. Smith
, 494 U.S. 872 (1990), the United States Supreme Court virtually eliminated the requirement that the government justify burdens on religious exercise imposed by laws neutral toward religion; and
(e)
The compelling interest test as set forth in prior federal court rulings is a workable test for striking sensible balances between religious liberty and competing prior governmental interests.
(3)
The purposes of this section are as follows:
(a)
To restore the compelling interest test as set forth in
Sherbert v. Verner
, 374 U.S. 398 (1963), and
Wisconsin v. Yoder
, 406 U.S. 205 (1972), and to guarantee its application in all cases where free exercise of religion is substantially burdened; and
(b)
To provide a claim or defense to persons whose religious exercise is substantially burdened by government.
(4)
As used in this section, the following words shall have the following meanings:
(a)
"Government" means any branch, department, agency, instrumentality or political subdivision of the State of Mississippi and any official or other person acting under color of law of the State of Mississippi.
(b)
"Demonstrates" means to meet the burdens of going forward with the evidence and of persuasion.
(c)
"Exercise of religion" means the exercise of religion under the First Amendment to the Constitution.
(5)
(a)
Government shall not substantially burden a person's exercise of religion even if the burden results from a rule of general applicability, except as provided in paragraph (b) of this subsection.
(b)
Government may substantially burden a person's exercise of religion only if it demonstrates that application of the burden to the person:
(i)
Is in furtherance of a compelling governmental interest; and
(ii)
Is the least restrictive means of furthering that compelling governmental interest.
(6)
A person whose religious exercise has been burdened in violation of this section may assert that violation as a claim or defense in a judicial proceeding and obtain appropriate relief against the government, as defined by subsection (4) of this section. Standing to assert a claim or defense under this section shall be the same as the general rules of standing under Article III of the United States Constitution.
(7)
(a)
This section applies to all state laws, rules, regulations and any municipal or county ordinances, rules or regulations and the implementation of those laws, whether statutory or otherwise, and whether adopted before or after July 1, 2014.
(b)
Any such law, rule, regulation or ordinances adopted after July 1, 2014, shall be subject to this section unless such law explicitly excludes such application by reference to this section.
(8)
Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize any government to burden any religious belief.
(9)
Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect, interpret, or in any way address that portion of the First Amendment prohibiting laws respecting the establishment of religion. Granting government funding, benefits, or exemptions, to the extent permissible under the Establishment Clause, shall not constitute a violation of this section. As used in this subsection, the term "granting," used with respect to government funding, benefits, or exemptions, does not include the denial of government funding, benefits, or exemptions.
(10)
Nothing in this section shall create any rights by an employee against an employer if the employer is not the government.
Added by Laws, 2014, ch. 474, SB 2681, 1, eff. 7/1/2014.