2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 85. Water Use › Chapter 2. Surface Water and Ground Water › Part 5. Ground Water › 85-2-506. Controlled ground water areas -- designation or modification

85-2-506. Controlled ground water areas -- designation or modification.
(1) The department may by rule designate or modify permanent or temporary controlled ground water areas as provided in this part. The rule for each controlled ground water area must designate the boundaries of the controlled ground water area.
(2) The rulemaking process for designation or modification of a controlled ground water area may be initiated by:
(a) the department;
(b) submission of a correct and complete petition from a state or local public health agency for identified public health risks; or
(c) submission of a correct and complete petition:
(i) by a municipality, county, conservation district, or local water quality district formed under Title 7, chapter 13, part 45; or
(ii) signed by at least one-third of the water right holders in a proposed controlled ground water area.
(3) (a) A correct and complete petition must:
(i) be in a form prescribed by the department and must contain analysis prepared by a hydrogeologist, a qualified scientist, or a qualified licensed professional engineer concluding that one or more of the criteria provided in subsection (5) are met; and
(ii) describe proposed measures, if any, to mitigate effects of the criteria identified in subsection (5) that are alleged in the petition.
(b) When the department proposes a rule pursuant to this section, the place for the hearing must be within or as close as practical to the proposed or existing controlled ground water area.
(c) (i) The department shall notify the petitioner of any defects in a petition within 180 days. If the department does not notify the petitioner of any defects within 180 days, the petition must be treated as correct and complete.
(ii) A petition that is not made correct and complete within 90 days from the date of notification by the department of any defect is terminated.
(4) (a) Within 60 days after a petition is determined to be correct and complete, the department shall:
(i) deny in writing the petition in whole or in part, stating the reasons for denial;
(ii) inform the petitioner that the department will study the information presented in the petition for a period not to exceed 90 days before denying or proceeding with the petition; or
(iii) initiate rulemaking proceedings in accordance with Title 2, chapter 4, part 3.
(b) Failure of the department to act under subsection (4)(a) does not mandate that the department grant the petition for rulemaking.
(c) In addition to the notice requirements of Title 2, chapter 4, parts 1 through 4, the department shall provide public notice of the rulemaking hearing by:
(i) publishing a notice at least once each week for 3 successive weeks, with the first notice not less than 30 days before the date of the hearing in a newspaper of general circulation in the county or counties in which the proposed controlled ground water area is located;
(ii) serving by mail a copy of the notice, not less than 30 days before the hearing, upon each person or public agency known from an examination of the records of the department to be a water right holder with a diversion within the proposed controlled ground water area, all landowners of record within the proposed controlled ground water area, and each well driller licensed in Montana whose address is within any county in which any part of the proposed controlled ground water area is located; and
(iii) serving by mail a copy of the notice upon any other person or state or federal agency that the department feels may be interested in or affected by the proposed designation or modification of a controlled ground water area.
(d) The notice under subsection (4)(c) must include a summary of the basis for the proposed rule. Publication and mailing of the notice as prescribed in this section, when completed, is considered to be sufficient notice of the hearing to all interested persons.
(5) The department may designate a permanent controlled ground water area by rule if it finds by a preponderance of the evidence that any of the following criteria have been met and cannot be appropriately mitigated:
(a) current or projected reductions of recharge to the aquifer or aquifers in the proposed controlled ground water area will cause ground water levels to decline to the extent that water right holders cannot reasonably exercise their water rights;
(b) current or projected ground water withdrawals from the aquifer or aquifers in the proposed controlled ground water area have reduced or will reduce ground water levels or surface water availability necessary for water right holders to reasonably exercise their water rights;
(c) current or projected ground water withdrawals from the aquifer or aquifers in the proposed controlled ground water area have induced or altered or will induce or alter contaminant migration exceeding relevant water quality standards;
(d) current or projected ground water withdrawals from the aquifer or aquifers in the proposed controlled ground water area have impaired or will impair ground water quality necessary for water right holders to reasonably exercise their water rights based on relevant water quality standards;
(e) ground water within the proposed controlled ground water area is not suited for beneficial use; or
(f) public health, safety, or welfare is or will become at risk.
(6) (a) If the department finds that sufficient facts are not available to designate a permanent controlled ground water area, it may designate by rule a temporary controlled ground water area to allow studies to obtain the facts needed to determine whether or not it is appropriate to designate a permanent controlled ground water area. The department shall set the length of time that the temporary controlled ground water area will be in effect. Subject to subsection (6)(c), the term of a temporary controlled ground water area may be extended by rule.
(b) A temporary controlled ground water area designation is for the purpose of study and cannot include the control provisions provided in subsection (7), other than measurement, water quality testing, and reporting requirements.
(c) A temporary controlled ground water area designation may not exceed a total of 6 years, including any extensions.
(d) Prior to expiration of a temporary controlled ground water area, the department may amend or repeal the rule establishing the temporary controlled ground water area or may designate a permanent controlled ground water area through the rulemaking process under this section.
(e) Studies for temporary controlled ground water areas may be considered for funding under the renewable resource grant and loan program in Title 85, chapter 1, part 6.
(f) If there is a ground water investigation program within the bureau, the ground water assessment steering committee established by 2-15-1523 shall consider temporary controlled ground water areas for study.
(7) A controlled ground water area may include but is not limited to the following control provisions:
(a) a provision closing the controlled ground water area to further appropriation of ground water;
(b) a provision restricting the development of future ground water appropriations in the controlled ground water area by flow, volume, purpose, aquifer, depth, water temperature, water quality, density, or other criteria that the department determines necessary;
(c) a provision requiring measurement of future ground water or surface water appropriations;
(d) a provision requiring the filing of notice on land records within the boundary of a permanent controlled ground water area to inform prospective holders of an interest in the property of the existence of a permanent controlled ground water area. Notice of the designation must be removed or modified as necessary to accurately reflect modification or repeal of a permanent designation within 60 days.
(e) a provision for well spacing requirements, well construction constraints, and prior department approval before well drilling, unless the well is regulated pursuant to Title 82, chapter 11;
(f) a provision for mitigation of ground water withdrawals;
(g) a provision for water quality testing;
(h) a provision for data reporting to the department; and
(i) other control provisions that the department determines are appropriate and adopts through rulemaking.
(8) Pursuant to 85-20-1902, the provisions of this section do not apply within the exterior boundaries of the Flathead Indian reservation.
History: En. Sec. 4, Ch. 237, L. 1961; amd. Sec. 168, Ch. 253, L. 1974; R.C.M. 1947, 89-2914; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 561, L. 1979; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 189, L. 1985; amd. Sec. 4, Ch. 460, L. 1993; amd. Sec. 460, Ch. 418, L. 1995; amd. Sec. 13, Ch. 391, L. 2007; amd. Sec. 5, Ch. 86, L. 2009; amd. Sec. 10, Ch. 294, L. 2015.