reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-103 - Variation by agreement — measure of damages — action constituting ordinary care.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4-103. Variation by agreement — measure of damages — action constituting ordinary care. —
(a) The effect of the provisions of this article may be varied by agreement, but the parties to the agreement cannot disclaim a bank's responsibility for its lack of good faith or failure to exercise ordinary care or limit the measure of damages for the lack or failure. However, the parties may determine by agreement the standards by which the bank's responsibility is to be measured if those standards are not manifestly unreasonable.
(b) Federal Reserve regulations and operating circulars, clearing-house rules, and the like have the effect of agreements under subsection (a), whether or not specifically assented to by all parties interested in items handled.
(c) Action or nonaction approved by this article or pursuant to Federal Reserve regulations or operating circulars is the exercise of ordinary care and, in the absence of special instructions, action or nonaction consistent with clearing-house rules and the like or with a general banking usage not disapproved by this article, is prima facie the exercise of ordinary care.
(d) The specification or approval of certain procedures by this article is not disapproval of other procedures that may be reasonable under the circumstances.
(e) The measure of damages for failure to exercise ordinary care in handling an item is the amount of the item reduced by an amount that could not have been realized by the exercise of ordinary care. If there is also bad faith it includes any other damages the party suffered as a proximate consequence.
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(L. 1963 p. 503 § 4-103, A.L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-105 - Bank — depositary bank — payor bank — intermediary bank — collecting bank — presenting bank.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4-105. Bank — depositary bank — payor bank — intermediary bank — collecting bank — presenting bank. —
In this article:
(1)
"Bank"
means a person engaged in the business of banking, including a savings bank, savings and loan association, credit union, or trust company.
(2)
"Depositary bank"
means the first bank to take an item even though it is also the payor bank, unless the item is presented for immediate payment over the counter;
(3)
"Payor bank"
means a bank that is the drawee of a draft;
(4)
"Intermediary bank"
means a bank to which an item is transferred in course of collection except the depositary or payor bank;
(5)
"Collecting bank"
means a bank handling an item for collection except the payor bank;
(6)
"Presenting bank"
means a bank presenting an item except a payor bank.
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(L. 1963 p. 503 § 4-105, A.L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-106 - Payable through or payable at bank — collecting bank.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992, 2 histories
400.4-106. Payable through or payable at bank — collecting bank. —
(a) If an item states that it is "payable through" a bank identified in the item, (i) the item designates the bank as a collecting bank and does not by itself authorize the bank to pay the item, and (ii) the item may be presented for payment only by or through the bank.
(b) If an item states that it is "payable at" a bank identified in the item, (i) the item designates the bank as a collecting bank and does not by itself authorize the bank to pay the item, and (ii) the item may be presented for payment only by or through the bank.
(c) If a draft names a nonbank drawee and it is unclear whether a bank named in the draft is a co-drawee or a collecting bank, the bank is a collecting bank.
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(L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-107 - Separate office of bank.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992, 2 histories
400.4-107. Separate office of bank. —
A branch or separate office of a bank is a separate bank for the purpose of computing the time within which and determining the place at or to which action may be taken or notices or orders must be given under this Article and under Article 3.
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(L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-108 - Time of receipt of items.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992, 2 histories
400.4-108. Time of receipt of items. —
(a) For the purpose of allowing time to process items, prove balances and make the necessary entries on its books to determine its position for the day, a bank may fix an afternoon hour of 2:00 p.m. or later as a cutoff hour for the handling of money and items and the making of entries on its books.
(b) An item or deposit of money received on any day after a cutoff hour so fixed or after the close of the banking day may be treated as being received at the opening of the next banking day.
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(L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-109 - Delays.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992, 2 histories
400.4-109. Delays. —
(a) Unless otherwise instructed, a collecting bank in a good faith effort to secure payment of a specific item drawn on a payor other than a bank, and with or without the approval of any person involved, may waive, modify or extend time limits imposed or permitted by this chapter for a period not exceeding two additional banking days without discharge of drawers or endorsers or liability to its transferor or a prior party.
(b) Delay by a collecting bank or payor bank beyond time limits prescribed or permitted by this chapter or by instructions is excused if (i) the delay is caused by interruption of communication or computer facilities, suspension of payments by another bank, war, emergency conditions, failure of equipment, or other circumstances beyond the control of the bank, and (ii) the bank exercises such diligence as the circumstances require.
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(L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-110 - Electronic presentment.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4-110. Electronic presentment. —
(a)
"Agreement for electronic presentment"
means an agreement, clearing-house rule, or Federal Reserve regulation or operating circular, providing that presentment of an item may be made by transmission of an image of an item or information describing the item ("presentment notice" ) rather than delivery of the item itself. The agreement may provide for procedures governing retention, presentment, payment, dishonor, and other matters concerning items subject to the agreement.
(b) Presentment of an item pursuant to an agreement for presentment is made when the presentment notice is received.
(c) If presentment is made by presentment notice, a reference to
"item"
or
"check"
in this Article means the presentment notice unless the context otherwise indicates.
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(L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-111 - Statute of limitations.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1997
400.4-111. Statute of limitations. —
An action to enforce an obligation, duty, or right arising under this Article must be commenced within three years after the cause of action accrues, and the statutes of limitation in chapter 516 shall not apply.
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(L. 1992 S.B. 448, A.L. 1997 H.B. 257)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-201 - Status of collecting bank as agent and provisional status of credits — applicability of article — item endorsed "pay any bank".

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
• Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4-201. Status of collecting bank as agent and provisional status of credits — applicability of article — item endorsed "pay any bank". —
(a) Unless a contrary intent clearly appears and before the time that a settlement given by a collecting bank for an item is or becomes final, the bank, with respect to the item, is an agent or sub-agent of the owner of the item and any settlement given for the item is provisional. This provision applies regardless of the form of endorsement or lack of endorsement and even though credit given for the item is subject to immediate withdrawal as of right or is in fact withdrawn; but the continuance of ownership of an item by its owner and any rights of the owner to proceeds of the item are subject to rights of a collecting bank such as those resulting from outstanding advances on the item and rights of recoupment or setoff. If an item is handled by banks for purposes of presentment, payment, collection, or return, the relevant provisions of this article apply even though action of the parties clearly establishes that a particular bank has purchased the item and is the owner of it.
(b) After an item has been endorsed with the words "pay any bank" or the like, only a bank may acquire the rights of a holder until the item has been:
(1) returned to the customer initiating collection; or
(2) specially endorsed by a bank to a person who is not a bank.
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(L. 1963 p. 503 § 4-201, A.L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-202 - Responsibility for collection or return — when action timely.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4-202. Responsibility for collection or return — when action timely. —
(a) A collecting bank must exercise ordinary care in:
(1) presenting an item or sending it for presentment;
(2) sending notice of dishonor or nonpayment or returning an item other than a documentary draft to the bank's transferor after learning that the item has not been paid or accepted, as the case may be;
(3) settling for an item when the bank receives final settlement; and
(4) notifying its transferor of any loss or delay in transit within a reasonable time after discovery thereof.
(b) A collecting bank exercises ordinary care under subsection (a) by taking proper action before its midnight deadline following receipt of an item, notice, or settlement. Taking proper action within a reasonably longer time may constitute the exercise of ordinary care, but the bank has the burden of establishing timeliness.
(c) Subject to subsection (a)(1), a bank is not liable for the insolvency, neglect, misconduct, mistake, or default of another bank or person or for loss or destruction of an item in the possession of others or in transit.
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(L. 1963 p. 503 § 4-202, A.L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-203 - Effect of instructions.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4-203. Effect of instructions. —
Subject to article 3 concerning conversion of instruments (Section 400.3-420) and restrictive endorsements (Section 400.3-206), only a collecting bank's transferor can give instructions that affect the bank or constitute notice to it, and a collecting bank is not liable to prior parties for any action taken pursuant to the instructions or in accordance with any agreement with its transferor.
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(L. 1963 p. 503 § 4-203, A.L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-204 - Methods of sending and presenting — sending directly to payor bank.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4-204. Methods of sending and presenting — sending directly to payor bank. —
(a) A collecting bank shall send items by a reasonably prompt method, taking into consideration relevant instructions, the nature of the item, the number of those items on hand, the cost of collection involved and the method generally used by it or others to present those items.
(b) A collecting bank may send:
(1) an item directly to the payor bank;
(2) an item to a non-bank payor if authorized by its transferor; and
(3) an item other than documentary drafts to a non-bank payor, if authorized by Federal Reserve regulation or operating circular, clearing-house rule, or the like.
(c) Presentment may be made by a presenting bank at a place where the payor bank or other payor has requested that presentment be made.
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(L. 1963 p. 503 § 4-204, A.L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-205 - Depositary bank holder of unendorsed item.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4-205. Depositary bank holder of unendorsed item. —
If a customer delivers an item to a depositary bank for collection:
(1) the depositary bank becomes a holder of the item at the time it receives the item for collection if the customer at the time of delivery was a holder of the item, whether or not the customer endorses the item, and, if the bank satisfies the other requirements of Section 400.3-302, it is a holder in due course; and
(2) the depositary bank warrants to collecting banks, the payor bank or other payor, and the drawer that the amount of the item was paid to the customer or deposited to the customer's account.
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(L. 1963 p. 503 § 4-205, A.L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-206 - Transfer between banks.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4-206. Transfer between banks. —
Any agreed method that identifies the transferor bank is sufficient for the item's further transfer to another bank.
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(L. 1963 p. 503 § 4-206, A.L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-209 - Encoding and retention warranties.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992, 2 histories
400.4-209. Encoding and retention warranties. —
(a) A person who encodes information on or with respect to an item after issue warrants to any subsequent collecting bank and to the payor bank or other payor that the information is correctly encoded. If the customer of a depositary bank encodes, that bank also makes the warranty.
(b) A person who undertakes to retain an item pursuant to an agreement for electronic presentment warrants to any subsequent collecting bank and to the payor bank or other payor that retention and presentment of the item comply with the agreement. If a customer of a depositary bank undertakes to retain an item, that bank also makes this warranty.
(c) A person to whom warranties are made under this section and who took the item in good faith may recover from the warrantor as damages for breach of warranty an amount equal to the loss suffered as a result of the breach, plus expenses and loss of interest incurred as a result of the breach.
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(L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-210 - Security interest of collecting bank in items, accompanying documents and proceeds.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
• Effective - 01 Jul 2001, 2 histories, see footnote
400.4-210. Security interest of collecting bank in items, accompanying documents and proceeds. —
(a) A collecting bank has a security interest in an item and any accompanying documents or the proceeds of either:
(1) in case of an item deposited in an account, to the extent to which credit given for the item has been withdrawn or applied;
(2) in case of an item for which it has given credit available for withdrawal as of right, to the extent of the credit given whether or not the credit is drawn upon or there is a right of charge-back; or
(3) if it makes an advance on or against the item.
(b) If credit given for several items received at one time or pursuant to a single agreement is withdrawn or applied in part, the security interest remains upon all the items, any accompanying documents or the proceeds of either. For the purpose of this section, credits first given are first withdrawn.
(c) Receipt by a collecting bank of a final settlement for an item is a realization on its security interest in the item, accompanying documents and proceeds. So long as the bank does not receive final settlement for the item or give up possession of the item or accompanying documents for purposes other than collection, the security interest continues to that extent and is subject to Article 9, but:
(1) no security agreement is necessary to make the security interest enforceable (Section 400.9-203(b)(3)(A));
(2) no filing is required to perfect the security interest; and
(3) the security interest has priority over conflicting perfected security interests in the item, accompanying documents or proceeds.
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(L. 1992 S.B. 448, A.L. 2001 S.B. 288)
Effective 7-01-01
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-211 - When bank gives value for purposes of holder in due course.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
• Effective - 28 Aug 1992, 2 histories
400.4-211. When bank gives value for purposes of holder in due course. —
For purposes of determining its status as a holder in due course, a bank has given value to the extent it has a security interest in an item, if the bank otherwise complies with the requirements of Section 400.3-302 on what constitutes a holder in due course.
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(L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-212 - Presentment by notice of item not payable by, through, or at bank — liability of drawer or endorser.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992, 2 histories
400.4-212. Presentment by notice of item not payable by, through, or at bank — liability of drawer or endorser. —
(a) Unless otherwise instructed, a collecting bank may present an item not payable by, through, or at a bank by sending to the party to accept or pay a written notice that the bank holds the item for acceptance or payment. The notice must be sent in time to be received on or before the day when presentment is due and the bank must meet any requirement of the party to accept or pay under Section 400.3-501 by the close of the bank's next banking day after it knows of the requirement.
(b) If presentment is made by notice and payment, acceptance or request for compliance with a requirement under Section 400.3-501 is not received by the close of business on the day after maturity or in the case of demand items, by the close of business on the third banking day after notice was sent, the presenting bank may treat the item as dishonored and charge any secondary party by sending him notice of the facts.
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(L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-213 - Medium and time of settlement by bank.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992, 2 histories
400.4-213. Medium and time of settlement by bank. —
(a) With respect to settlement by a bank, the medium and time of settlement may be prescribed by Federal Reserve regulations or circulars, clearing-house rules, and the like, or agreement. In the absence of such prescription:
(1) the medium of settlement is cash or credit to an account in a Federal Reserve bank of or specified by the person to receive settlement; and
(2) the time of settlement, is:
(i) with respect to tender of settlement by cash, a cashier's check, or teller's check, when the cash or check is sent or delivered;
(ii) with respect to tender of settlement by credit in an account in a Federal Reserve Bank, when the credit is made;
(iii) with respect to tender of settlement by a credit or debit to an account in a bank, when the credit or debit is made or, in the case of tender of settlement by authority to charge an account, when the authority is sent or delivered; or
(iv) with respect to tender of settlement by a funds transfer, when payment is made pursuant to Section 400.4A-406(a) to the person receiving settlement.
(b) If the tender of settlement is not by a medium authorized by subsection (a) or the time of settlement is not fixed by subsection (a), no settlement occurs until the tender of settlement is accepted by the person receiving settlement.
(c) If settlement for an item is made by cashier's check or teller's check and the person receiving settlement, before its midnight deadline:
(1) presents or forwards the check for collection, settlement is final when the check is finally paid; or
(2) fails to present or forward the check for collection, settlement is final at the midnight deadline of the person receiving settlement.
(d) If settlement for an item is made by giving authority to charge the account of the bank giving settlement in the bank receiving settlement, settlement is final when the charge is made by the bank receiving settlement if there are funds available in the account for the amount of the item.
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(L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-214 - Right of charge-back or refund — liability of collecting bank — return of item.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992, 2 histories
400.4-214. Right of charge-back or refund — liability of collecting bank — return of item. —
(a) If a collecting bank has made provisional settlement with its customer for an item and fails by reason of dishonor, suspension of payments by a bank, or otherwise to receive settlement for the item which is or becomes final, the bank may revoke the settlement given by it, charge back the amount of any credit given for the item to its customer's account, or obtain refund from its customer, whether or not it is able to return the items, if by its midnight deadline or within a longer reasonable time after it learns the facts it returns the item or sends notification of the facts. If the return or notice is delayed beyond the bank's midnight deadline or a longer reasonable time after it learns the facts, the bank may revoke the settlement, charge back the credit, or obtain refund from its customer, but it is liable for any loss resulting from the delay. These rights to revoke, charge back, and obtain refund terminate if and when a settlement for the item received by the bank is or becomes final.
(b) A collecting bank returns an item when it is sent or delivered to the bank's customer or transferor or pursuant to its instructions.
(c) A depositary bank that is also the payor may charge back the amount of an item to its customer's account or obtain refund in accordance with the section governing return of an item received by a payor bank for credit on its books (section 400.4-301).
(d) The right to charge back is not affected by:
(1) previous use of a credit given for the item; or
(2) failure by any bank to exercise ordinary care with respect to the item, but a bank so failing remains liable.
(e) A failure to charge back or claim refund does not affect other rights of the bank against the customer or any other party.
(f) If credit is given in dollars as the equivalent of the value of an item payable in a foreign money, the dollar amount of any charge-back or refund must be calculated on the basis of the bank-offered spot rate for the foreign money prevailing on the day when the person entitled to the charge-back or refund learns that it will not receive payment in ordinary course.
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(L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-215 - Final payment of item by payor bank — when provisional debits and credits become final — when certain credits become available for withdrawal.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
• Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4-215. Final payment of item by payor bank — when provisional debits and credits become final — when certain credits become available for withdrawal. —
(a) An item is finally paid by a payor bank when the bank has first done any of the following:
(1) paid the item in cash;
(2) settled for the item without having a right to revoke the settlement under statute, clearing-house rule, or agreement; or
(3) made a provisional settlement for the item and failed to revoke the settlement in the time and manner permitted by statute, clearing-house rule, or agreement.
(b) If provisional settlement for an item does not become final, the item is not finally paid.
(c) If provisional settlement for an item between the presenting and payor banks is made through a clearing house or by debits or credits in an account between them, then to the extent that provisional debits or credits for the item are entered in accounts between the presenting and payor banks or between the presenting and successive prior collecting banks seriatim, they become final upon final payment of the item by the payor bank.
(d) If a collecting bank receives a settlement for an item which is or becomes final, the bank is accountable to its customer for the amount of the item and any provisional credit given for the item in an account with its customer becomes final.
(e) Subject to (i) applicable law stating a time for availability of funds and (ii) any right of the bank to apply the credit to an obligation of the customer, credit given by a bank for an item in a customer's account becomes available for withdrawal as of right:
(1) if the bank has received a provisional settlement for the item, when the settlement becomes final and the bank has had a reasonable time to receive return of the item and the item has not been received within that time;
(2) if the bank is both the depositary bank and the payor bank, and the item is finally paid, at the opening of the bank's second banking day following receipt of the item.
(f) Subject to applicable law stating a time for availability of funds and any right of a bank to apply a deposit to an obligation of the depositor, a deposit of money becomes available for withdrawal as of right at the opening of the bank's next banking day after receipt of the deposit.
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(L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-216 - Insolvency and preference.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4-216. Insolvency and preference. —
(a) If an item is in or comes into the possession of a payor or collecting bank that suspends payment and the item has not been finally paid, the item must be returned by the receiver, trustee, or agent in charge of the closed bank to the presenting bank or the closed bank's customer.
(b) If a payor bank finally pays an item and suspends payments without making a settlement for the item with its customer or the presenting bank which settlement is or becomes final, the owner of the item has a preferred claim against the payor bank.
(c) If a payor bank gives or a collecting bank gives or receives a provisional settlement for an item and thereafter suspends payments, the suspension does not prevent or interfere with the settlement's becoming final if the finality occurs automatically upon the lapse of certain time or the happening of certain events.
(d) If a collecting bank receives from subsequent parties settlement for an item which settlement is or becomes final and the bank suspends payments without making a settlement for the item with its customer which settlement is or becomes final, the owner of the item has a preferred claim against the collecting bank.
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(L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-301 - Deferred posting — recovery of payment by return of items — time of dishonor — return of items by payor bank.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
• Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4-301. Deferred posting — recovery of payment by return of items — time of dishonor — return of items by payor bank. —
(a) If a payor bank settles for a demand item other than a documentary draft presented otherwise than for immediate payment over the counter before midnight of the banking day of receipt the payor bank may revoke the settlement and recover the settlement if, before it has made final payment and before its midnight deadline, it
(1) returns the item; or
(2) sends written notice of dishonor or nonpayment if the item is unavailable for return.
(b) If a demand item is received by a payor bank for credit on its books, it may return the item or send notice of dishonor and may revoke any credit given or recover the amount thereof withdrawn by its customer, if it acts within the time limit and in the manner specified in subsection (a).
(c) Unless previous notice of dishonor has been sent an item is dishonored at the time when for purposes of dishonor it is returned or notice sent in accordance with this section.
(d) An item is returned:
(1) as to an item presented through a clearing house, when it is delivered to the presenting or last collecting bank or to the clearing house or is sent or delivered in accordance with clearing-house rules; or
(2) in all other cases, when it is sent or delivered to the bank's customer or transferor or pursuant to instructions.
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(L. 1963 p. 503 § 4-301, A.L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-302 - Payor bank's responsibility for late return of item.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
• Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4-302. Payor bank's responsibility for late return of item. —
(a) If an item is presented to and received by a payor bank, the bank is accountable for the amount of:
(1) a demand item, other than a documentary draft, whether properly payable or not, if the bank, in any case in which it is not also the depositary bank, retains the item beyond midnight of the banking day of receipt without settling for it or, whether or not it is also the depositary bank, does not pay or return the item or send notice of dishonor until after its midnight deadline; or
(2) any other properly payable item unless, within the time allowed for acceptance or payment of that item, the bank either accepts or pays the item or returns it and accompanying documents.
(b) The liability of a payor bank to pay an item pursuant to subsection (a) is subject to defenses based on breach of a presentment warranty (Section 400.4-208) or proof that the person seeking enforcement of the liability presented or transferred the item for the purpose of defrauding the payor bank.
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(L. 1963 p. 503 § 4-302, A.L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-303 - When item subject to notice, stop-payment order — legal process or setoff — order in which items may be charged or certified.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
• Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4-303. When item subject to notice, stop-payment order — legal process or setoff — order in which items may be charged or certified. —
(a) Any knowledge, notice, or stop-payment order received by, legal process served upon or setoff exercised by a payor bank comes too late to terminate, suspend, or modify the bank's right or duty to pay an item or to charge its customer's account for the item if the knowledge, notice, stop-payment order, or legal process is received or served and a reasonable time for the bank to act thereon expires or the setoff is exercised after the earliest of the following:
(1) the bank accepts or certifies the item;
(2) the bank pays the item in cash;
(3) the bank settles for the item without having a right to revoke the settlement under statute, clearing-house rule, or agreement;
(4) the bank becomes accountable for the amount of the item under section 400.4-302 dealing with the payor bank's responsibility for late return of items; or
(5) with respect to checks, a cutoff hour no earlier than one hour after the opening of the next banking day after the banking day on which the bank received the check and no later than the close of that next banking day or, if no cutoff hour is fixed, the close of the next banking day after the banking day on which the bank received the check.
(b) Subject to subsection (a), items may be accepted, paid, certified or charged to the indicated account of its customer in any order.
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(L. 1963 p. 503 § 4-303, A.L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-401 - When bank may charge customer's account.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
• Effective - 28 Aug 1994
400.4-401. When bank may charge customer's account. —
(a) A bank may charge against the account of a customer an item that is properly payable from that account even though the charge creates an overdraft. An item is properly payable if it is authorized by the customer and is in accordance with any agreement between the customer and bank.
(b) A bank may charge against the account of a customer a check that is otherwise properly payable from the account, even though payment was made before the date of the check, unless the customer has given notice to the bank of the postdating describing the check with reasonable certainty. The notice is effective for the period stated in Section 400.4-403(b) for stop-payment order, and must be received at such time and in such manner as to afford the bank a reasonable opportunity to act on it before the bank takes any action with respect to the check described in Section 400.4-303. If a bank charges against the account of a customer a check before the date stated in the notice of postdating, the bank is liable for damages for the loss resulting from its act. The loss may include damages for dishonor of subsequent items under Section 400.4-402.
(c) A bank that in good faith makes payment to a holder may charge the indicated account of its customer according to:
(1) the original terms of the altered item; or
(2) the terms of the completed item, even though the bank knows the item has been completed unless the bank has notice that the completion was improper.
(d) No bank shall be liable for charging against its customer's account a postdated check, otherwise properly payable from such account, before the date stated thereon unless the bank has received written notice in advance from the customer that the check is postdated. Such notice shall include the payee's name as it appeared on the check, the date, the check number and the amount of such check.
(e) No bank customer shall be liable for charges on a check dishonored because of insufficient funds if the bank was in error in their accounting or posting of the customer's account and the bank shall also notify, in writing, the persons affected by the bank's failure to honor such checks.
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(L. 1963 p. 503 § 4-401, A.L. 1988 H.B. 1605, A.L. 1992 S.B. 448, A.L. 1994 S.B. 701)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-402 - Bank's liability to customer for wrongful dishonor — time of determining insufficiency of account.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
• Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4-402. Bank's liability to customer for wrongful dishonor — time of determining insufficiency of account. —
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this Article, a payor bank wrongfully dishonors an item if it dishonors an item that is properly payable, but a bank may dishonor an item that would create an overdraft unless it has agreed to pay the overdraft.
(b) A payor bank is liable to its customer for damages proximately caused by the wrongful dishonor of an item. Liability is limited to actual damages proved and may include damages for an arrest or prosecution of the customer or other consequential damages. Whether any consequential damages are proximately caused by the wrongful dishonor is a question of fact to be determined in each case.
(c) A payor bank's determination of the customer's account balance on which a decision to dishonor for insufficiency of available funds is based may be made at any time between the time the item is received by the payor bank and the time that the payor bank returns the item or gives notice in lieu of return, and no more than one determination need be made. If, at the election of the payor bank, a subsequent balance determination is made for the purpose of reevaluating the bank's decision to dishonor the item, the account balance at that time is determinative of whether a dishonor for insufficiency of available funds is wrongful.
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(L. 1963 p. 503 § 4-402, A.L. 1992 S.B. 448)
(1976) Held, refusal of a bank officer to countersign a check without cause constitutes "wrongful dishonor" but punitive damages will not be allowed without proof of an independent tort. Wallick v. First State Bank of Farmington (A.), 532 S.W.2d 520.
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-403 - Customer's right to stop payment — burden of proof of loss.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
• Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4-403. Customer's right to stop payment — burden of proof of loss. —
(a) A customer or any person authorized to draw on the account if there is more than one person may stop payment of any item drawn on the customer's account or close the account by an order to the bank describing the item or account with reasonable certainty received at a time and in a manner that affords the bank a reasonable opportunity to act on it before any action by the bank with respect to the item described in section 400.4-303. If the signature of more than one person is required to draw on an account, any of these persons may stop payment or close the account.
(b) A stop-payment order is effective for six months, but it lapses after fourteen calendar days if the original order was oral and was not confirmed in writing within that period. A stop-payment order may be renewed for additional six-month periods by a writing given to the bank within a period during which the stop-payment order is effective.
(c) The burden of establishing the fact and amount of loss resulting from the payment of an item contrary to a stop-payment order or order to close an account is on the customer. The loss from payment of an item contrary to a stop-payment order may include damages for dishonor of subsequent items under Section 400.4-402.
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(L. 1963 p. 503 § 4-403, A.L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-404 - Bank not obligated to pay check more than six months old.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4-404. Bank not obligated to pay check more than six months old. —
A bank is under no obligation to a customer having a checking account to pay a check, other than a certified check, that is presented more than six months after its date, but it may charge its customer's account for a payment made thereafter in good faith.
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(L. 1963 p. 503 § 4-404, A.L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-405 - Death or incompetence of customer.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4-405. Death or incompetence of customer. —
(a) A payor or collecting bank's authority to accept, pay, or collect an item or to account for proceeds of its collection, if otherwise effective, is not rendered ineffective by incompetence of a customer of either bank existing at the time the item is issued or its collection is undertaken if the bank does not know of an adjudication of incompetence. Neither death nor incompetence of a customer revokes the authority to accept, pay, collect, or account until the bank knows of the fact of death or of an adjudication of incompetence and has reasonable opportunity to act on it.
(b) Even with knowledge a bank may for ten days after the date of death pay or certify checks drawn on or before that date unless ordered to stop payment by a person claiming an interest in the account.
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(L. 1963 p. 503 § 4-405, A.L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-407 - Payor bank's right to subrogation or improper payment.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
• Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4-407. Payor bank's right to subrogation or improper payment. —
If a payor bank has paid an item over the order of the drawer or maker to stop payment, or after an account has been closed, or otherwise under circumstances giving a basis for objection by the drawer or maker, to prevent unjust enrichment and only to the extent necessary to prevent loss to the bank by reason of its payment of the item, the payor bank is subrogated to the rights
(1) of any holder in due course on the item against the drawer or maker;
(2) of the payee or any other holder of the item against the drawer or maker either on the item or under the transaction out of which the item arose; and
(3) of the drawer or maker against the payee or any other holder of the item with respect to the transaction out of which the item arose.
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(L. 1963 p. 503 § 4-407, A.L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-501 - Handling of documentary drafts — duty to send for presentment and to notify customer of dishonor.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4-501. Handling of documentary drafts — duty to send for presentment and to notify customer of dishonor. —
A bank that takes a documentary draft for collection shall present or send the draft and accompanying documents for presentment and, upon learning that the draft has not been paid or accepted in due course, shall seasonably notify its customer of the fact even though it may have discounted or bought the draft or extended credit available for withdrawal as of right.
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(L. 1963 p. 503 § 4-501, A.L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-502 - Presentment of "on arrival" drafts.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4-502. Presentment of "on arrival" drafts. —
If a draft or the relevant instructions require presentment "on arrival", "when goods arrive" or the like, the collecting bank need not present until in its judgment a reasonable time for arrival of the goods has expired. Refusal to pay or accept because the goods have not arrived is not dishonor; the bank must notify its transferor of the refusal but need not present the draft again until it is instructed to do so or learns of the arrival of the goods.
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(L. 1963 p. 503 § 4-502, A.L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-503 - Responsibility of presenting bank for documents and goods — report of reasons for dishonor — referee in case of need.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4-503. Responsibility of presenting bank for documents and goods — report of reasons for dishonor — referee in case of need. —
Unless otherwise instructed and except as provided in article 5 a bank presenting a documentary draft:
(1) must deliver the documents to the drawee on acceptance of the draft if it is payable more than three days after presentment; otherwise, only on payment; and
(2) upon dishonor, either in the case of presentment for acceptance or presentment for payment, may seek and follow instructions from any referee in case of need designated in the draft or if the presenting bank does not choose to utilize the referee's services, it must use diligence and good faith to ascertain the reason for dishonor, must notify its transferor of the dishonor and of the results of its effort to ascertain the reasons therefor, and must request instructions. However the presenting bank is under no obligation with respect to goods represented by the documents except to follow any reasonable instructions seasonably received; it has a right to reimbursement for any expense incurred in following instructions and to prepayment of or indemnity for those expenses.
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(L. 1963 p. 503 § 4-503, A.L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4-504 - Privilege of presenting bank to deal with goods — security interest for expenses.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4-504. Privilege of presenting bank to deal with goods — security interest for expenses. —
(a) A presenting bank that, following the dishonor of a documentary draft, has seasonably requested instructions but does not receive them within a reasonable time may store, sell, or otherwise deal with the goods in any reasonable manner.
(b) For its reasonable expenses incurred by action under subsection (a) the presenting bank has a lien upon the goods or their proceeds, which may be foreclosed in the same manner as an unpaid seller's lien.
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(L. 1963 p. 503 § 4-504, A.L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4A-101 - Short title.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4A-101. Short title. —
This Article may be cited as "Uniform Commercial Code Funds Transfers".
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(L. 1992 S.B. 448)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVI - Trade and Commerce › Chapter 400 - Uniform Commercial Code › Section 400.4A-102 - Subject matter.

Title XXVI TRADE AND COMMERCE
Chapter 400
Effective - 28 Aug 1992
400.4A-102. Subject matter. —
Except as otherwise provided in section 400.4A-108, this Article applies to funds transfers as defined in section 400.4A-104.
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(L. 1992 S.B. 448)