reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 431 - General Provisions as to Contracts › Section 431.067 - Contracts of minors to borrow money for higher education — validity.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 431
Effective - 28 Aug 1963
431.067. Contracts of minors to borrow money for higher education — validity. —
Any minor may execute legally binding promissory notes and may legally contract to borrow money to defray the necessary expenses of attending any accredited university, college or conservatory, and shall have full legal capacity to act in his own behalf for the purpose, and shall have all the rights, powers and privileges and be subject to the obligations of persons of full age with respect to the contracts and notes.
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(L. 1963 p. 647 § 1)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 431 - General Provisions as to Contracts › Section 431.068 - Persons seventeen or older may donate blood — written permission required for sixteen-year-olds.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 431
Effective - 28 Aug 2006
431.068. Persons seventeen or older may donate blood — written permission required for sixteen-year-olds. —
1. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 431.061, any person seventeen years of age or older may donate blood voluntarily without the necessity of obtaining the permission or authorization of his or her parent or guardian.
2. Any person sixteen years of age may donate blood, if that person obtains written permission or authorization from his or her parent or guardian.
3. No person under the age of eighteen shall receive compensation for any blood donated without the written authorization of his or her parent or guardian.
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(L. 1979 S.B. 208 § 1, A.L. 2006 S.B. 1197)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 431 - General Provisions as to Contracts › Section 431.069 - Acquiring human tissues declared to be rendition of a service — transfusions or transplants declared not a sale — implied warranties, how limited.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 431
Effective - 28 Aug 1971
431.069. Acquiring human tissues declared to be rendition of a service — transfusions or transplants declared not a sale — implied warranties, how limited. —
The procurement, processing, distribution or use of whole blood, plasma, blood products, blood derivatives and other human tissues, including but not limited to corneas, bones, hearts or other organs for the purpose of injecting, transfusing or transplanting any of them into the human body is declared to be, for all purposes, the rendition of a service by every person, firm, or corporation participating therein and, whether or not any remuneration is paid therefor, is declared not to be a sale of such whole blood, plasma, blood products, blood derivatives or other tissues, bones or organs for any purpose subsequent to enactment of this section. It is further declared that any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose shall not be applicable as to a defect that cannot be detected or removed by reasonable use of scientific procedures or techniques. Nothing herein shall relieve any person, firm or corporation from negligence.
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(L. 1971 S.B. 7 § 1)
(1992) Under statutes, the collection, processing and distribution of blood by American Red Cross is a service, not a sale of goods; therefore, an action for strict products liability is not available. Smith v. Paslode Corp., 799 F.Supp. 960 (E.D. Mo.).
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 431 - General Provisions as to Contracts › Section 431.070 - Contracts with counties, effect.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 431
Effective - 28 Aug 1939
431.070. Contracts with counties, effect. —
All notes, bonds, bills, contracts, covenants, agreements or writings made whereby any person shall be bound to any county, or to the inhabitants thereof, or to the governor, or to any other person, in whatever form, for the payment of money or any debt or duty, or the performance of any matter or thing, for the use of any county, shall be valid and effectual to vest in such county all the rights, interests and actions which would be vested in any individual, in any such contract made directly to him.
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(RSMo 1939 § 13764)
Prior revisions: 1929 § 12105; 1919 § 9503; 1909 § 3724
CROSS REFERENCES:
Contracts of political subdivisions, requirements for validity, 432.070
County budget law, 50.660
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 431 - General Provisions as to Contracts › Section 431.080 - Suit may be instituted thereon.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 431
Effective - 28 Aug 1939
431.080. Suit may be instituted thereon. —
Suits may be commenced and prosecuted thereon in the name of such county, or in the name of the person to whom they are made, to the use of the county, as fully and effectually as any person may or can, upon like notes, bills, bonds, contracts, agreements or writings made to him.
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(RSMo 1939 § 13765)
Prior revisions: 1929 § 12106; 1919 § 9504; 1909 § 3725
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 431 - General Provisions as to Contracts › Section 431.090 - County commission may appoint agent to contract for county.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 431
Effective - 28 Aug 1939
431.090. County commission may appoint agent to contract for county. —
The county commission may, by an order entered of record, appoint an agent to make any contract on behalf of such county for erecting any county buildings, or for any other purpose authorized by law; and the contract of such agent, duly executed on behalf of such county, shall bind such county if pursuant to law and such order of the commission.
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(RSMo 1939 § 13766)
Prior revisions: 1929 § 12107; 1919 § 9505; 1909 § 3726
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 431 - General Provisions as to Contracts › Section 431.100 - Claims against county for work and labor.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 431
Effective - 28 Aug 1939
431.100. Claims against county for work and labor. —
If a claim against a county be for work and labor done, or material furnished in good faith by the claimant, under contract with the county authorities, or with any agent of the county lawfully authorized, the claimant, if he shall have fulfilled his contract, shall be entitled to recover the just value of such work, labor and material, though such authorities or agent may not, in making such contract, have pursued the form of proceedings prescribed by law.
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(RSMo 1939 § 13768)
Prior revisions: 1929 § 12109; 1919 § 9507; 1909 § 3728
(1957) Writ of mandamus to compel presiding judge to sign warrant for work allegedly performed by contractor under oral agreement made with the other two judges without the knowledge of the presiding judge and at a time court was not in session, refused. State ex rel. Walton v. Miller (A.), 297 S.W.2d 611.
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 431 - General Provisions as to Contracts › Section 431.110 - Joint contracts to be construed as joint and several.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 431
Effective - 28 Aug 1939
431.110. Joint contracts to be construed as joint and several. —
All contracts which, by the common law, are joint only, shall be construed to be joint and several.
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(RSMo 1939 § 3340)
Prior revisions: 1929 § 2953; 1919 § 2155; 1909 § 2769
CROSS REFERENCE:
Joint liability of partners, partnership contracts, 358.150
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 431 - General Provisions as to Contracts › Section 431.120 - Joint debt shall survive, against whom.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 431
Effective - 28 Aug 1939
431.120. Joint debt shall survive, against whom. —
In case of the death of one or more of the joint obligors or promisors, the joint debt or contract shall and may survive against the heirs, executors and administrators of the deceased obligor or promisor, as well as against the survivors.
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(RSMo 1939 § 3341)
Prior revisions: 1929 § 2954; 1919 § 2156; 1909 § 2770
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 431 - General Provisions as to Contracts › Section 431.130 - Survival of debt, against whom.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 431
Effective - 28 Aug 1939
431.130. Survival of debt, against whom. —
When all the obligors or promisors shall die, the debt or contract shall survive against the heirs, executors and administrators of all the deceased joint obligors and promisors.
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(RSMo 1939 § 3342)
Prior revisions: 1929 § 2955; 1919 § 2157; 1909 § 2771
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 431 - General Provisions as to Contracts › Section 431.140 - Joint obligations — suit brought against whom.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 431
Effective - 28 Aug 1939
431.140. Joint obligations — suit brought against whom. —
In all cases of joint obligations and joint assumptions of copartners or others, suits may be brought and prosecuted against any one or more of those who are so liable.
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(RSMo 1939 § 3343)
Prior revisions: 1929 § 2956; 1919 § 2158; 1909 § 2772
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 431 - General Provisions as to Contracts › Section 431.150 - Creditor may compound with one of several debtors — release — what sums.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 431
Effective - 28 Aug 1939
431.150. Creditor may compound with one of several debtors — release — what sums. —
It shall be lawful for every creditor of two or more debtors, joint or several, to compound with any and every one or more of his debtors for such sum as he may see fit, and to release him or them from all further liability to him for such indebtedness, without impairing his right to demand and collect the balance of such indebtedness from the other debtor or debtors thereof, and not so released; provided, that no such release shall impair the right of any debtor of such indebtedness, not so released, to have contribution from his codebtors, as is by law now secured to him.
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(RSMo 1939 § 3348)
Prior revisions: 1929 § 2961; 1919 § 2163; 1909 § 2777
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 431 - General Provisions as to Contracts › Section 431.160 - Assignor shall not release demand, when — title of assignee.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 431
Effective - 28 Aug 1939
431.160. Assignor shall not release demand, when — title of assignee. —
It shall not be in the power of the assignor of a demand, after assignment, to release any part of it, nor shall any assignee obtain greater title thereto or interest therein than the person had from whom it was acquired.
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(RSMo 1939 § 3346)
Prior revisions: 1929 § 2959; 1919 § 2161; 1909 § 2775
CROSS REFERENCES:
Assignment of benefit rights under unemployment compensation law void, 288.380
Consignments of grain by railroad to elevator subject to change, 389.550
Counterclaims against assignor, asserted in action on assigned claim, 509.480
Mechanics' liens, assignment, 429.160
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 431 - General Provisions as to Contracts › Section 431.170 - Action against assignor by assignee, when.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 431
Effective - 28 Aug 1939
431.170. Action against assignor by assignee, when. —
The assignee of a bond, nonnegotiable note or account, may maintain an action against the assignor, upon failure to obtain payment from the obligor, maker or debtor, only in one of the following cases:
(1) If he use due diligence in the institution and prosecution of a suit against the obligor, maker or debtor, for the recovery of the money or property due, or damages in lieu thereof;
(2) If the obligor, maker or debtor is insolvent, or is not a resident of this state, so that a suit would be unavailing or could not be instituted.
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(RSMo 1939 § 3347)
Prior revisions: 1929 § 2960; 1919 § 2162; 1909 § 2776
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 431 - General Provisions as to Contracts › Section 431.180 - Contract for private design or construction work, scheduled payments — action for failure to pay, interest — arbitration — application.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 431
Effective - 28 Aug 1999
431.180. Contract for private design or construction work, scheduled payments — action for failure to pay, interest — arbitration — application. —
1. All persons who enter into a contract for private design or construction work after August 28, 1995, shall make all scheduled payments pursuant to the terms of the contract.
2. Any person who has not been paid in accordance with subsection 1 of this section may bring an action in a court of competent jurisdiction against a person who has failed to pay. The court may in addition to any other award for damages, award interest at the rate of up to one and one-half percent per month from the date payment was due pursuant to the terms of the contract, and reasonable attorney fees, to the prevailing party. If the parties elect to resolve the dispute by arbitration pursuant to section 435.350, the arbitrator may award any remedy that a court is authorized to award hereunder.
3. The provisions of this section shall not apply to contracts for private construction work for the building, improvement, repair or remodeling of owner-occupied residential property of four units or less.
4. For purposes of this section, design or construction work shall include design, construction, alteration, repair or maintenance of any building, roadway or other structure or improvement to real property, or demolition or
*
excavation connected therewith, and shall include the furnishing of surveying, architectural, engineering or landscape design, planning or management services, labor or materials, in connection with such work.
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(L. 1995 S.B. 93, A.L. 1999 H.B. 343)
*Word "of" appears in original rolls.
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 431 - General Provisions as to Contracts › Section 431.181 - Payments for the transportation of property to be made within thirty days after delivery, when — warranty repair work, reimbursement, rates.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 431
Effective - 28 Aug 2001
431.181. Payments for the transportation of property to be made within thirty days after delivery, when — warranty repair work, reimbursement, rates. —
1. Any person who enters into a contract with a transportation of property provider or an agent acting for a transportation of property provider for the transportation of property shall, after the property has been delivered in good condition by the transportation provider to the agreed-upon destination within the agreed-upon time limitation, make all scheduled payments pursuant to the terms of the contract or within thirty days if no time is specified in the contract.
2. Any person who has not been paid in accordance with subsection 1 of this section may bring an action in a court of competent jurisdiction against any person who has failed to pay.
3. Retailers who sell and service industrial, maintenance and construction power equipment or outdoor power equipment as defined in section 407.850 and who do warranty repair work for a consumer under provisions of a manufacturer's express warranty, shall be reimbursed by the manufacturer for the warranty work at an hourly labor rate that is the same or greater than the hourly labor rate the retailer currently charges consumers for nonwarranty repair work.
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(L. 2001 S.B. 244)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 431 - General Provisions as to Contracts › Section 431.183 - Payment contingent upon payment from third party, not a defense to enforcement of lien.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 431
Effective - 28 Aug 1995
431.183. Payment contingent upon payment from third party, not a defense to enforcement of lien. —
Any provision in a contract, agreement or understanding that provides that a payment from a contractor to a subcontractor, trade contractor, specialty contractor or supplier is contingent or conditioned upon receipt of a payment from any other private party, including a private owner, is no defense to a claim to enforce a mechanic's lien pursuant to the provisions of chapter 429.
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(L. 1995 S.B. 93)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 431 - General Provisions as to Contracts › Section 431.204 - Business covenants on employment, customers, and disposing of ownership interest — presumed enforceable, when — modification by court, when.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 431
Effective - 28 Aug 2023
431.204. Business covenants on employment, customers, and disposing of ownership interest — presumed enforceable, when — modification by court, when. —
1. A reasonable covenant in writing promising not to solicit, recruit, hire, induce, persuade, encourage, or otherwise interfere with, directly or indirectly, the employment of one or more employees or owners of a business entity shall be presumed to be enforceable and not a restraint of trade pursuant to subsection 1 of section 416.031 if it is between a business entity and the owner of the business entity and does not continue for more than two years following the end of the owner's business relationship with the business entity.
2. A reasonable covenant in writing promising not to solicit, induce, direct, or otherwise interfere with, directly or indirectly, a business entity's customers, including any reduction, termination, or transfer of any customer's business, in whole or in part, for the purposes of providing any product or any service that is competitive with those provided by the business entity shall be presumed to be enforceable and not a restraint of trade pursuant to subsection 1 of section 416.031 if the covenant is limited to customers with whom the owner dealt and if the covenant is between a business entity and an owner, so long as the covenant does not continue for more than five years following the end of the owner's business relationship with the business entity.
3. A provision in writing by which an owner promises to provide prior notice of the owner's intent to terminate, sell, or otherwise dispose of such owner's ownership interest in the business entity shall be presumed to be enforceable and not a restraint of trade pursuant to subsection 1 of section 416.031.
4. If a covenant is overbroad, overlong, or otherwise not reasonably necessary to protect the protectable business interests of the business entity seeking enforcement of the covenant, a court shall modify the covenant, enforce the covenant as modified, and grant only the relief reasonably necessary to protect such interests.
5. Nothing in this section is intended to create or to affect the validity or enforceability of covenants not to compete, other types of covenants, or nondisclosure or confidentiality agreements, except as expressly provided in this section.
6. Except as provided in subsection 3 of this section, nothing in this section shall be construed to limit an owner's ability to seek or accept employment with another business entity immediately upon, or at any time subsequent to, termination of the owner's business relationship with the business entity, whether such termination was voluntary or nonvoluntary.
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(L. 2023 S.B. 103)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 432 - Contracts Required to Be in Writing › Section 432.030 - Assignment of wages.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 432
• Effective - 28 Aug 1939
432.030. Assignment of wages. —
All assignments of wages, salaries or earnings must be in writing with the correct date of the assignment and the amount assigned and the name or names of the party or parties owing the wages, salaries and earnings so assigned; and all assignments of wages, salaries and earnings, not earned at the time the assignment is made, shall be null and void.
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(RSMo 1939 § 3356)
Prior revisions: 1929 § 2969; 1919 § 2171
CROSS REFERENCE:
Assignment of wages deemed loan and subject to laws regulating loans and punishing usury, when, 408.210
(1993) Mandatory wage deduction for nonunion school custodial and food service workers' fair share fees for authorized collective bargaining representative is not an assignment of wages within meaning of this section. Schaffer v. Board of Education of St. Louis, 869 S.W.2d 163 (Mo. App. E.D.).
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 432 - Contracts Required to Be in Writing › Section 432.040 - Representations of credit to be in writing.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 432
Effective - 28 Aug 1939
432.040. Representations of credit to be in writing. —
No action shall be brought to charge any person upon or by reason of any representation or assurance made concerning the character, conduct, credit, ability, trade or dealings of any other person, unless such representation or assurance be made in writing, and subscribed by the party to be charged thereby, or by some person thereunto by him lawfully authorized.
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(RSMo 1939 § 3357)
Prior revisions: 1929 § 2970; 1919 § 2172; 1909 § 2785
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 432 - Contracts Required to Be in Writing › Section 432.045 - Credit agreements, defined — action by debtor on certain credit agreements prohibited unless in writing — contents of written statement requirement — oral modification permitted, when.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 432
• Effective - 28 Aug 1992
432.045. Credit agreements, defined — action by debtor on certain credit agreements prohibited unless in writing — contents of written statement requirement — oral modification permitted, when. —
1. For the purposes of this section, the term
"credit agreement"
means an agreement to lend or forbear repayment of money, to otherwise extend credit, or to make any other financial accommodation.
2. A debtor may not maintain an action upon or a defense to a credit agreement unless the credit agreement is in writing, provides for the payment of interest or for other consideration, and sets forth the relevant terms and conditions, except this subsection shall not preempt other specific statutes that authorize additional protection for consumer credit used in personal, family or household purposes and the limitations on credit agreements in subsection 3 of this section.
3. (1) If a written credit agreement has been signed by a debtor, subsection 2 of this section shall not apply to any credit agreement between such debtor and creditor unless such written credit agreement contains the following language in boldface ten point type:
"Oral agreements or commitments to loan money, extend credit or to forbear from enforcing repayment of a debt including promises to extend or renew such debt are not enforceable. To protect you (borrower(s)) and us (creditor) from misunderstanding or disappointment, any agreements we reach covering such matters are contained in this writing, which is the complete and exclusive statement of the agreement between us, except as we may later agree in writing to modify it."
(2) The provisions of this section shall not apply to credit agreements for personal, family, or household purposes when there is already a written contract governing the transaction, and the debtor and creditor orally agree to defer one or more loan payments or make other credit agreement modifications and such deferrals or modifications are limited in duration to not more than ninety days.
4. Nothing contained in this section shall affect the enforceability by a creditor of any promissory note, guaranty, security agreement, deed of trust, mortgage, or other instrument, agreement, or document evidencing or creating an obligation for the payment of money or other financial accommodation, lien, or security interest.
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(L. 1990 H.B. 1788, A.L. 1992 S.B. 688)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 432 - Contracts Required to Be in Writing › Section 432.047 - Credit agreements, actions not to be maintained, when — credit agreement defined.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 432
Effective - 28 Aug 2013, 2 histories
432.047. Credit agreements, actions not to be maintained, when — credit agreement defined. —
1. For the purposes of this section, the term
"credit agreement"
means an agreement to lend or forbear repayment of money, to otherwise extend credit, or to make any other financial accommodation.
2. A debtor party may not maintain an action upon or a defense, regardless of legal theory in which it is based, in any way related to a credit agreement unless the credit agreement is in writing, provides for the payment of interest or for other consideration, sets forth the relevant terms and conditions, and the credit agreement is executed by the debtor and the lender.
3. (1) When a written credit agreement has been signed by a debtor, subsection 2 of this section shall not apply to any credit agreement between such debtor and creditor unless such written credit agreement contains the following language in boldface ten-point type:
"Oral or unexecuted agreements or commitments to loan money, extend credit or to forbear from enforcing repayment of a debt including promises to extend or renew such debt are not enforceable, regardless of the legal theory upon which it is based that is in any way related to the credit agreement. To protect you (borrower(s)) and us (creditor) from misunderstanding or disappointment, any agreements we reach covering such matters are contained in this writing, which is the complete and exclusive statement of the agreement between us, except as we may later agree in writing to modify it.".
(2) Notwithstanding any other law to the contrary in this chapter, the provisions of this section shall apply to commercial credit agreements only and shall not apply to credit agreements for personal, family, or household purposes.
4. Nothing contained in this section shall affect the enforceability by a creditor of any promissory note, guaranty, security agreement, deed of trust, mortgage, or other instrument, agreement, or document evidencing or creating an obligation for the payment of money or other financial accommodation, lien, or security interest.
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(L. 2004 H.B. 959, A.L. 2013 S.B. 100)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 432 - Contracts Required to Be in Writing › Section 432.050 - Leases, not in writing, operate as estates at will.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 432
Effective - 28 Aug 1939
432.050. Leases, not in writing, operate as estates at will. —
All leases, estates, interests of freehold or term of years, or any uncertain interest of, in, to or out of any messuages, lands, tenements or hereditaments, made or created by livery and seisin only, or by parole, and not put in writing and signed by the parties so making or creating the same, or their agents lawfully authorized by writing, shall have the force and effect of leases or estates at will only, and shall not, either in law or equity, be deemed or taken to have any other or greater force.
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(RSMo 1939 § 3352)
Prior revisions: 1929 § 2965; 1919 § 2167; 1909 § 2781
(1957) To meet the requirements of this section, a lease may be made up of several writings such as letters, etc., and it is not necessary that all of such writings be signed by lessor and lessee. Midland Realty Co. v. Manzella (A.), 308 S.W.2d 326.
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 432 - Contracts Required to Be in Writing › Section 432.060 - Leases to be assigned in writing.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 432
Effective - 28 Aug 1939
432.060. Leases to be assigned in writing. —
No leases, estates, interests, either of freehold or term of years, or any uncertain interest of, in, to or out of any messuages, lands, tenements or hereditaments, shall at any time hereafter be assigned, granted or surrendered, unless it be by deed or note in writing, signed by the party so assigning, granting or surrendering the same, or their agents lawfully authorized by writing, or by operation of law.
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(RSMo 1939 § 3353)
Prior revisions: 1929 § 2966; 1919 § 2168; 1909 § 2782
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 432 - Contracts Required to Be in Writing › Section 432.080 - Duplicate copies to be made and preserved.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 432
Effective - 28 Aug 1939
432.080. Duplicate copies to be made and preserved. —
In every case of contract entered into by any county, city, town, village, school township, school district or other municipal corporation, or by any officer or agent on their behalf, duplicate copies of the same shall be executed as above provided, one of which shall be filed in the office of the clerk of the county commission of the proper county, or in such office or with such officer of the city, town, village, school township, school district or other municipal corporation as may be charged with the keeping of the contracts thereof, and shall not be taken thence except to be used for the purposes of evidence in some legal matter or cause; and in case of variance between such copies, the one on file shall control in the construction of the contract.
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(RSMo 1939 § 3350)
Prior revisions: 1929 § 2963; 1919 § 2165; 1909 § 2779
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 432 - Contracts Required to Be in Writing › Section 432.200 - Title.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 432
• Effective - 28 Aug 2003
432.200. Title. —
Sections 432.200 to 432.295 shall be known and may be cited as the "Uniform Electronic Transactions Act".
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(L. 2003 H.B. 254)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 432 - Contracts Required to Be in Writing › Section 432.210 - Scope.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 432
• Effective - 28 Aug 2003
432.210. Scope. —
1. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 2 of this section, sections 432.200 to 432.295 apply to electronic records and electronic signatures relating to a transaction.
2. Sections 432.200 to 432.295 shall not apply to a transaction to the extent it is governed by:
(1) A law governing the creation and execution of wills, codicils, or testamentary trusts; and
(2) The uniform commercial code other than sections 400.1-107, 400.1-206, 400.2-101 to 400.2-725, and 400.2A-101 to 400.2A-532.
3. Sections 432.200 to 432.295 apply to an electronic record or electronic signature otherwise excluded from the application of sections 432.200 to 432.295 under subsection 2 of this section to the extent it is governed by a law other than those specified in subsection 2 of this section.
4. A transaction subject to sections 432.200 to 432.295 is also subject to other applicable substantive law.
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(L. 2003 H.B. 254)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 432 - Contracts Required to Be in Writing › Section 432.215 - Prospective application.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 432
• Effective - 28 Aug 2003
432.215. Prospective application. —
Sections 432.200 to 432.295 apply to any electronic record or electronic signature created, generated, sent, communicated, received, or stored on or after August 28, 2003.
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(L. 2003 H.B. 254)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 432 - Contracts Required to Be in Writing › Section 432.220 - Use of electronic records and electronic signatures — variation by agreement.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 432
• Effective - 28 Aug 2003
432.220. Use of electronic records and electronic signatures — variation by agreement. —
1. Sections 432.200 to 432.295 do not require a record or signature to be created, generated, sent, communicated, received, stored, or otherwise processed or used by electronic means or in electronic form.
2. Sections 432.200 to 432.295 apply only to transactions between parties each of which has agreed to conduct transactions by electronic means. Whether the parties agree to conduct a transaction by electronic means is determined from the context and surrounding circumstances, including the parties' conduct.
3. A party that agrees to conduct a transaction by electronic means may refuse to conduct other transactions by electronic means. The right granted by this subsection shall not be waived by agreement.
4. Except as otherwise provided in sections 432.200 to 432.295, the effect of any of its provisions may be varied by agreement. The presence in certain provisions of sections 432.200 to 432.295 of the words "unless otherwise agreed", or words of similar import, does not imply that the effect of other provisions shall not be varied by agreement.
5. Whether an electronic record or electronic signature has legal consequences is determined by sections 432.200 to 432.295 and other applicable law.
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(L. 2003 H.B. 254)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 432 - Contracts Required to Be in Writing › Section 432.225 - Construction and application.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 432
• Effective - 28 Aug 2003
432.225. Construction and application. —
Sections 432.200 to 432.295 shall be construed and applied:
(1) To facilitate electronic transactions consistent with other applicable law;
(2) To be consistent with reasonable practices concerning electronic transactions and with the continued expansion of those practices; and
(3) To effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of sections 432.200 to 432.295 among states enacting it.
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(L. 2003 H.B. 254)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 432 - Contracts Required to Be in Writing › Section 432.230 - Legal recognition of electronic records, electronic signatures, and electronic contracts.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 432
• Effective - 28 Aug 2003
432.230. Legal recognition of electronic records, electronic signatures, and electronic contracts. —
1. A record or signature shall not be denied legal effect or enforceability solely because it is in electronic form.
2. A contract shall not be denied legal effect or enforceability solely because an electronic record was used in its formation.
3. If a law requires a record to be in writing, an electronic record satisfies the law.
4. If a law requires a signature, an electronic signature satisfies the law.
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(L. 2003 H.B. 254)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 432 - Contracts Required to Be in Writing › Section 432.235 - Provision of information in writing — presentation of records.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 432
• Effective - 28 Aug 2003
432.235. Provision of information in writing — presentation of records. —
1. If parties have agreed to conduct a transaction by electronic means and a law requires a person to provide, send or deliver information in writing to another person, the requirement is satisfied if the information is provided, sent or delivered, as the case may be, in an electronic record capable of retention by the recipient at the time of receipt. An electronic record is not capable of retention by the recipient if the sender or its information processing system inhibits the ability of the recipient to print or store the electronic record.
2. If a law other than sections 432.200 to 432.295 requires a record to be posted or displayed in a certain manner, to be sent, communicated, or transmitted by a specified method, or to contain information that is formatted in a certain manner, the following rules apply:
(1) The record shall be posted or displayed in the manner specified in the other law;
(2) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (2) of subsection 4 of this section, the record shall be sent, communicated, or transmitted by the method specified in the other law;
(3) The record shall contain the information formatted in the manner specified in the other law.
3. If a sender inhibits the ability of a recipient to store or print an electronic record, the electronic record is not enforceable against the recipient.
4. The requirements of this section shall not be varied by agreement, but:
(1) To the extent a law other than sections 432.200 to 432.295 requires information to be provided, sent, or delivered in writing but permits that requirement to be varied by agreement, the requirement under subsection 1 of this section that the information be in the form of an electronic record capable of retention may also be varied by agreement; and
(2) A requirement under a law other than sections 432.200 to 432.295 to send, communicate, or transmit a record by first class mail, postage prepaid, may be varied by agreement to the extent permitted by the other law.
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(L. 2003 H.B. 254)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 432 - Contracts Required to Be in Writing › Section 432.240 - Attribution and effect of electronic record and electronic signature.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 432
• Effective - 28 Aug 2003
432.240. Attribution and effect of electronic record and electronic signature. —
1. An electronic record or electronic signature is attributable to a person if it was the act of the person. The act of the person may be shown in any manner, including a showing of the efficacy of any security procedure applied to determine the person to which the electronic record or electronic signature was attributable.
2. The effect of an electronic record or electronic signature attributed to a person under subsection 1 of this section is determined from the context and surrounding circumstances at the time of its creation, execution, or adoption, including the parties' agreement, if any, and otherwise as provided by law.
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(L. 2003 H.B. 254)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 432 - Contracts Required to Be in Writing › Section 432.245 - Effect of change or error.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 432
• Effective - 28 Aug 2003
432.245. Effect of change or error. —
If a change or error in an electronic record occurs in a transmission between parties to a transaction, the following rules apply:
(1) If the parties have agreed to use a security procedure to detect changes or errors and one party has conformed to the procedure, but the other party has not, and the nonconforming party would have detected the change or error had that party also conformed, the conforming party may avoid the effect of the changed or erroneous electronic record;
(2) In an automated transaction involving an individual, the individual may avoid the effect of an electronic record that resulted from an error made by the individual in dealing with the electronic agent of another person if the electronic agent did not provide an opportunity for the prevention or correction of the error and, at the time the individual learns of the error, the individual:
(a) Promptly notifies the other person of the error and that the individual did not intend to be bound by the electronic record received by the other person;
(b) Takes reasonable steps, including steps that conform to the other person's reasonable instructions, to return to the other person or, if instructed by the other person, to destroy the consideration received, if any, as a result of the erroneous electronic record; and
(c) Has not used or received any benefit or value from the consideration, if any, received from the other person;
(3) If neither subdivision (1) nor subdivision (2) of this section applies, the change or error has the effect provided by other law, including the law of mistake, and the parties' contract, if any; and
(4) Subdivisions (2) and (3) of this section shall not be varied by agreement.
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(L. 2003 H.B. 254)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 432 - Contracts Required to Be in Writing › Section 432.250 - Notarization and acknowledgment.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 432
• Effective - 28 Aug 2003
432.250. Notarization and acknowledgment. —
If a law requires a signature or record to be notarized, acknowledged, verified, or made under oath, the requirement is satisfied if the electronic signature of the person authorized to perform those acts, together with all other information required to be included by other applicable law, is attached to or logically associated with the signature or record.
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(L. 2003 H.B. 254)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 432 - Contracts Required to Be in Writing › Section 432.255 - Retention of electronic records — originals.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 432
• Effective - 28 Aug 2003
432.255. Retention of electronic records — originals. —
1. If a law requires that a record be retained, the requirement is satisfied by retaining an electronic record of the information in the record which:
(1) Accurately reflects the information set forth in the record after it was first generated in its final form as an electronic record or otherwise; and
(2) Remains accessible for later reference.
2. A requirement to retain a record in accordance with subsection 1 of this section does not apply to any information the sole purpose of which is to enable the record to be sent, communicated, or received.
3. A person may satisfy subsection 1 of this section by using the services of another person if the requirements of that subsection are satisfied.
4. If a law requires a record to be presented or retained in its original form, or provides consequences if the record is not presented, or retained in its original form, that law is satisfied by an electronic record retained in accordance with subsection 1 of this section.
5. If a law requires retention of a check, that requirement is satisfied by retention of an electronic record of the information on the front and back of the check in accordance with subsection 1 of this section.
6. A record retained as an electronic record in accordance with subsection 1 of this section satisfies a law requiring a person to retain a record for evidentiary, audit or like purposes, unless a law enacted after August 28, 2003, specifically prohibits the use of an electronic record for the specified purpose.
7. This section does not preclude a governmental agency of this state from specifying additional requirements for the retention of a record subject to the agency's jurisdiction.
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(L. 2003 H.B. 254)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 432 - Contracts Required to Be in Writing › Section 432.260 - Admissibility of evidence.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 432
• Effective - 28 Aug 2003
432.260. Admissibility of evidence. —
In a proceeding, evidence of a record or signature shall not be excluded solely because it is in electronic form.
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(L. 2003 H.B. 254)
2023 Missouri Revised Statutes › Title XXVIII - Contracts and Contractual Relations › Chapter 432 - Contracts Required to Be in Writing › Section 432.265 - Automated transaction.

Title XXVIII CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
Chapter 432
• Effective - 28 Aug 2003
432.265. Automated transaction. —
In an automated transaction, the following rules apply:
(1) A contract may be formed by the interaction of electronic agents of the parties, even if no individual was aware of or reviewed the electronic agents' actions or the resulting terms and agreements;
(2) A contract may be formed by the interaction of an electronic agent and an individual, acting on the individual's own behalf or for another person, including by an interaction in which the individual performs actions that the individual is free to refuse to perform and which the individual knows or has reason to know will cause the electronic agent to complete the transaction or performance;
(3) The terms of the contract are determined by the substantive law applicable to it.
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(L. 2003 H.B. 254)