Mississippi Code 1972 (2023) › Title 91 - TRUSTS AND ESTATES (§§ 91-1-NEW — 91-31-25) › Chapter 9 - TRUSTS AND TRUSTEES (§§ 91-9-1 — 91-9-723) › Article 15 - MISSISSIPPI QUALIFIED DISPOSITION IN TRUST ACT (§§ 91-9-701 — 91-9-723) › Section 91-9-707 - Claims or actions against property subject to qualified disposition; claims or actions against trustees

(a)
Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, no action of any kind, including, but not limited to, an action to enforce a judgment entered by a court or other body having adjudicative authority, shall be brought at law or in equity for an attachment or other provisional remedy against property that is the subject of a qualified disposition or for the avoidance of a qualified disposition, unless the action is brought pursuant to the provisions of the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act, Section
15-3-101
et seq., and unless the qualified disposition was also made with actual intent to defraud the creditor.
(b)
(1)
Notwithstanding Section
15-3-115
, a creditor's claim under subsection (a) shall be extinguished:
(A)
If the person is a creditor when the qualified disposition to a qualified disposition trust is made, unless the action is commenced within the later of two (2) years after the qualified disposition is made or six (6) months after the person discovers or reasonably should have discovered the qualified disposition; or
(B)
If the person becomes a creditor after the qualified disposition to a qualified disposition trust is made, unless the action is commenced within two (2) years after the qualified disposition is made;
(2)
If subsection (b)(1) applies:
(A)
A person shall be deemed to have discovered the existence of a qualified disposition to a qualified disposition trust at the time any public record is made of any transfer of property relative to the qualified disposition, including, but not limited to, the conveyance of real property that is recorded in the office of the chancery clerk of the county in which the property is located or the filing of a financing statement under Chapter 9, Title 75, Mississippi Code of 1972, or the equivalent recording or filing of either with the appropriate person or official under the laws of a jurisdiction other than this state; and
(B)
No creditor shall bring an action with respect to property that is the subject of a qualified disposition unless that creditor proves by clear and convincing evidence that the settlor's transfer of the property was made with the intent to defraud that specific creditor.
(c)
For purposes of this article, a qualified disposition that is made by means of a disposition by a transferor who is a trustee shall be deemed to have been made as of the time, whether before, on, or after July 1, 2014, the property that is the subject of the qualified disposition was originally transferred to the transferor acting in the capacity of trustee, or any predecessor trustee, in a form that meets the requirements of Section
91-9-703(n)(2) and (3)
.
(d)
Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, a creditor, including a creditor whose claim arose before or after a qualified disposition, or any other person shall have only the rights with respect to a qualified disposition as are provided in this section and Section
91-9-711
, and neither a creditor nor any other person shall have any claim or cause of action against the trustee, an advisor of a trust that is the subject of a qualified disposition, or against any person involved in the counseling, drafting, preparation, execution, or funding of a trust that is the subject of a qualified disposition. For purposes of this section, counseling, drafting, preparation, execution or funding of a trust that is the subject of a qualified disposition includes the counseling, drafting, preparation, execution and funding of a limited partnership or a limited liability company if interests in the limited partnership or limited liability company are subsequently transferred to the trust that is the subject of a qualified disposition.
(e)
Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, no action of any kind, including, but not limited to, an action to enforce a judgment entered by a court or other body having adjudicative authority, shall be brought at law or in equity against a trustee or an advisor of a trust that is the subject of a qualified disposition, or against any person involved in the counseling, drafting, preparation, execution or funding of a trust that is the subject of a qualified disposition, if, as of the date the action is brought, an action by a creditor with respect to the qualified disposition would be barred under this section.
(f)
In circumstances where more than one (1) qualified disposition is made by means of the same qualified disposition trust, then:
(1)
The making of a subsequent qualified disposition shall be disregarded in determining whether a creditor's claim with respect to a prior qualified disposition is extinguished as provided in subsection (b); and
(2)
Any distribution to a beneficiary shall be deemed to have been made from the latest qualified disposition.
(g)
If, in any action brought against a trustee of a trust that is the result of a qualified disposition, a court takes any action whereby the court declines to apply the law of this state in determining the effect of a spendthrift provision of the trust, the trustee of the trust shall immediately upon the court's action and without the further order of any court, cease in all respects to be trustee of the trust and a successor trustee shall succeed as trustee in accordance with the terms of the trust or, if the trust does not provide for a successor trustee and the trust would otherwise be without a trustee, a court of this state, upon the application of any beneficiary of the trust, shall appoint a successor trustee upon the terms and conditions it determines to be consistent with the purposes of the trust and this article. Upon the trustee's ceasing to be trustee, the trustee shall have no power or authority other than to convey the trust property to the successor trustee named in the trust in accordance with this section.
(h)
A trust that is the subject of a qualified disposition shall be subject to this section whether or not the transferor retains any or all of the powers and rights described in Section
91-9-709
or serves as an investment advisor pursuant to Section
91-9-717
.
(i)
(1)
Notwithstanding any provision of subsection (a) or (b) to the contrary, the limitations on actions by creditors in law or equity shall not apply and the creditors' claims shall not be extinguished if the transferor is indebted on account of an agreement, judgment, or order of a court for the payment of one or more of the following:
(A)
To any person to whom the transferor is indebted on account of an agreement or order of court for the payment of support or alimony in favor of the transferor's spouse, former spouse or children, or for a division or distribution of property in favor of the transferor's spouse or former spouse, but only to the extent of such debt;
(B)
To any person who suffers death, personal injury, or property damage on or before the date of a qualified disposition by a transferor, if the death, personal injury, or property damage is at any time determined to have been caused, in whole or in part, by the tortious act or omission of either the transferor or by another person for whom the transferor is or was vicariously liable, but only to the extent of the claim against the transferor or other person for whom the transferor is or was vicariously liable;
(C)
To the State of Mississippi or any political subdivision thereof, including, but not limited to, court-ordered restitution in a criminal matter; or
(D)
To any creditor in an amount not to exceed One Million Five Hundred Thousand Dollars ($1,500,000.00) if the transferor failed to maintain a One Million Dollar ($1,000,000.00) umbrella policy as required by subsection (l).
(2)
(A)
A claim provided under this subsection (i) shall be asserted against a trustee only:
(i)
Upon a final nonappealable determination of a Mississippi court or a fully domesticated, final nonappealable order of a court of another state that the debt is past due; and
(ii)
After the court has determined that the claimant has made reasonable attempts to collect the debt from any other sources of the transferor or that any attempt would be futile.
(B)
Nothing in this subsection (i)(2) shall be construed to prohibit the court from making the findings required in subsection (i)(2)(A) in the same proceeding and order.
(j)
Subsection (i) shall not apply to any claim for forced heirship, legitime or elective share.
(k)
In addition to provisions of subsection (j), to the extent subsection (j) applies to the laws of any foreign country:
(1)
Neither a qualified disposition trust nor any disposition made subject to the terms of the qualified disposition trust is subject to the laws of any foreign country, nor is any such qualified disposition trust or the disposition void, voidable, liable to be set aside, or defective in any manner for any reason including, but not limited to:
(A)
The law of any foreign country prohibits or does not recognize the concept of a qualified disposition trust; or
(B)
The qualified disposition trust or disposition avoids or defeats any right, claim, or interest conferred by the law of a foreign country upon any person by reason of a personal relationship to the settlor or by way of heirship rights or contravenes any rule or law of a foreign country or any foreign country's judicial or administrative order or action intended to recognize, protect, enforce, or give effect to the right, claim, or interest.
(2)
Relative to any foreign country or any interest in property arising or originating under the laws of any foreign country:
(A)
No form of forced heirship, legitime, forced share or any similar heirship rights or form of transmission or transfer of property from a decedent or from a living person, or any restrictions on transmission or transfer of property from a decedent or a living person is recognized by this state; or
(B)
No heirship rights described in subsection (k)(2)(A) conferred under the law of a foreign country shall constitute an obligation or liability, the transfer, conveyance or devise of which, would violate Chapter 3, Title 15, Mississippi Code of 1972; and
(C)
Subsection (k)(1) shall apply to all realty or other forms of immovable property physically in this state, as well as to all personal or movable property wherever situated if owned by a qualified disposition trust containing a state jurisdiction provision designating that the law of this state controls the qualified disposition trust;
(3)
No judgment or other holding of any judicial body of any foreign country, including, but not limited to, any court, administrative body or other entity or organization purportedly having the power to make judicial or administrative decisions of any foreign country, shall be recognized or enforced or give rise to any equitable forms of relief, including, but not limited to, estoppel, to the extent the judgment or other holding concerns a qualified disposition trust containing a state jurisdiction provision designating that the law of this state controls the qualified disposition trust or to the extent the judgment or other holding concerns property held by the qualified disposition trust.
(4)
Subsection (a) applies in addition to all other provisions of this article.
(l)
The transferor shall obtain a general liability policy and, if applicable, a professional liability policy, and each policy must have a policy limit of at least One Million Dollars ($1,000,000.00). Policy premiums must be paid by the transferor.
Amended by Laws, 2016, ch. 396, SB 2211, 17, eff. 7/1/2014.
Added by Laws, 2014, ch. 513, HB 846, 4, eff. 7/1/2014.