reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-209 — Lessee Under Finance Lease As Beneficiary Of Supply Contract.

336.2A-209 LESSEE UNDER FINANCE LEASE AS BENEFICIARY OF SUPPLY CONTRACT.
(1) The benefit of a supplier's promises to the lessor under the supply contract and of all warranties, whether express or implied, including those of any third party provided in connection with or as part of the supply contract, extends to the lessee to the extent of the lessee's leasehold interest under a finance lease related to the supply contract, but is subject to the terms of the warranty and of the supply contract and all defenses or claims arising from the supply contract.
(2) The extension of the benefit of a supplier's promises and of warranties to the lessee (section 336.2A-209(1)) does not: (i) modify the rights and obligations of the parties to the supply contract, whether arising from the supply contract or otherwise, or (ii) impose any duty or liability under the supply contract on the lessee.
(3) Any modification or rescission of the supply contract by the supplier and the lessor is effective between the supplier and the lessee unless, before the modification or rescission, the supplier has received notice that the lessee has entered into a finance lease related to the supply contract. If the modification or rescission is effective between the supplier and the lessee, the lessor is deemed to have assumed, in addition to the obligations of the lessor to the lessee under the lease contract, promises of the supplier to the lessor and warranties that were so modified or rescinded as they existed and were available to the lessee before modification or rescission.
(4) In addition to the extension of the benefit of the supplier's promises and of warranties to the lessee under subsection (1), the lessee retains all rights that the lessee may have against the supplier that arise from an agreement between the lessee and the supplier or under other law.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-209; 1991 c 171 art 1 s 2
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-210 — Express Warranties.

336.2A-210 EXPRESS WARRANTIES.
(1) Express warranties by the lessor are created as follows:
(a) Any affirmation of fact or promise made by the lessor to the lessee which relates to the goods and becomes part of the basis of the bargain creates an express warranty that the goods will conform to the affirmation or promise.
(b) Any description of the goods which is made part of the basis of the bargain creates an express warranty that the goods will conform to the description.
(c) Any sample or model that is made part of the basis of the bargain creates an express warranty that the whole of the goods will conform to the sample or model.
(2) It is not necessary to the creation of an express warranty that the lessor use formal words, such as "warrant" or "guarantee," or that the lessor have a specific intention to make a warranty, but an affirmation merely of the value of the goods or a statement purporting to be merely the lessor's opinion or commendation of the goods does not create a warranty.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-210
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-211 — Warranties Against Interference And Against Infringement; Lessee's Obligation Against Infringement.

336.2A-211 WARRANTIES AGAINST INTERFERENCE AND AGAINST INFRINGEMENT; LESSEE'S OBLIGATION AGAINST INFRINGEMENT.
(1) There is in a lease contract a warranty that for the lease term no person holds a claim to or interest in the goods that arose from an act or omission of the lessor, other than a claim by way of infringement or the like, which will interfere with the lessee's enjoyment of its leasehold interest.
(2) Except in a finance lease there is in a lease contract by a lessor who is a merchant regularly dealing in goods of the kind a warranty that the goods are delivered free of the rightful claim of any person by way of infringement or the like.
(3) A lessee who furnishes specifications to a lessor or a supplier shall hold the lessor and the supplier harmless against any claim by way of infringement or the like that arises out of compliance with the specifications.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-211
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-212 — Implied Warranty Of Merchantability.

336.2A-212 IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY.
(1) Except in a finance lease, a warranty that the goods will be merchantable is implied in a lease contract if the lessor is a merchant with respect to goods of that kind.
(2) Goods to be merchantable must be at least goods that:
(a) pass without objection in the trade under the description in the lease agreement;
(b) in the case of fungible goods, are of fair average quality within the description;
(c) are fit for the ordinary purposes for which goods of that type are used;
(d) run, within the variation permitted by the lease agreement, of even kind, quality, and quantity within each unit and among all units involved;
(e) are adequately contained, packaged, and labeled as the lease agreement may require; and
(f) conform to any promises or affirmations of fact made on the container or label.
(3) Other implied warranties may arise from course of dealing or usage of trade.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-212
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-213 — Implied Warranty Of Fitness For Particular Purpose.

336.2A-213 IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Except in a finance lease, if the lessor at the time the lease contract is made has reason to know of any particular purpose for which the goods are required and that the lessee is relying on the lessor's skill or judgment to select or furnish suitable goods, there is in the lease contract an implied warranty that the goods will be fit for that purpose.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-213
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-214 — Exclusion Or Modification Of Warranties.

336.2A-214 EXCLUSION OR MODIFICATION OF WARRANTIES.
(1) Words or conduct relevant to the creation of an express warranty and words or conduct tending to negate or limit a warranty must be construed wherever reasonable as consistent with each other; but, subject to the provisions of section 336.2A-202 on parol or extrinsic evidence, negation or limitation is inoperative to the extent that the construction is unreasonable.
(2) Subject to subsection (3), to exclude or modify the implied warranty of merchantability or any part of it the language must mention "merchantability," be by a writing, and be conspicuous. Subject to subsection (3), to exclude or modify any implied warranty of fitness the exclusion must be by a writing and be conspicuous. Language to exclude all implied warranties of fitness is sufficient if it is in writing, is conspicuous and states, for example, "There is no warranty that the goods will be fit for a particular purpose."
(3) Notwithstanding subsection (2), but subject to subsection (4):
(a) unless the circumstances indicate otherwise, all implied warranties are excluded by expressions like "as is" or "with all faults" or by other language that in common understanding calls the lessee's attention to the exclusion of warranties and makes plain that there is no implied warranty, if in writing and conspicuous;
(b) if the lessee before entering into the lease contract has examined the goods or the sample or model as fully as desired or has refused to examine the goods, there is no implied warranty with regard to defects that an examination ought in the circumstances to have revealed; and
(c) an implied warranty may also be excluded or modified by course of dealing, course of performance, or usage of trade.
(4) To exclude or modify a warranty against interference or against infringement (section 336.2A-211) or any part of it, the language must be specific, be by a writing, and be conspicuous, unless the circumstances, including course of performance, course of dealing, or usage of trade, give the lessee reason to know that the goods are being leased subject to a claim or interest of any person.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-214
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-215 — Cumulation And Conflict Of Warranties Express Or Implied.

336.2A-215 CUMULATION AND CONFLICT OF WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.
Warranties, whether express or implied, must be construed as consistent with each other and as cumulative, but if that construction is unreasonable, the intention of the parties determines which warranty is dominant. In ascertaining that intention the following rules apply:
(a) Exact or technical specifications displace an inconsistent sample or model or general language of description.
(b) A sample from an existing bulk displaces inconsistent general language of description.
(c) Express warranties displace inconsistent implied warranties other than an implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-215
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-216 — Third-party Beneficiaries Of Express And Implied Warranties.

336.2A-216 THIRD-PARTY BENEFICIARIES OF EXPRESS AND IMPLIED WARRANTIES.
A warranty to or for the benefit of a lessee under this article, whether express or implied, extends to any person who may reasonably be expected to use, consume, or be affected by the goods and who is injured by breach of the warranty. The operation of this section may not be excluded, modified, or limited, but an exclusion, modification, or limitation of the warranty, including any with respect to rights and remedies, effective against the lessee is also effective against the beneficiary designated under this section.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-216
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-217 — Identification.

336.2A-217 IDENTIFICATION.
Identification of goods as goods to which a lease contract refers may be made at any time and in any manner explicitly agreed to by the parties. In the absence of explicit agreement, identification occurs:
(a) when the lease contract is made if the lease contract is for a lease of goods that are existing and identified;
(b) when the goods are shipped, marked, or otherwise designated by the lessor as goods to which the lease contract refers, if the lease contract is for a lease of goods that are not existing and identified; or
(c) when the young are conceived, if the lease contract is for a lease of unborn young of animals.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-217
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-218 — Insurance And Proceeds.

336.2A-218 INSURANCE AND PROCEEDS.
(1) A lessee obtains an insurable interest when existing goods are identified to the lease contract even though the goods identified are nonconforming and the lessee has an option to reject them.
(2) If a lessee has an insurable interest only by reason of the lessor's identification of the goods, the lessor, until default or insolvency or notification to the lessee that identification is final, may substitute other goods for those identified.
(3) Notwithstanding a lessee's insurable interest under subsections (1) and (2), the lessor retains an insurable interest until an option to buy has been exercised by the lessee and risk of loss has passed to the lessee.
(4) Nothing in this section impairs any insurable interest recognized under any other statute or rule of law.
(5) The parties by agreement may determine that one or more parties have an obligation to obtain and pay for insurance covering the goods and by agreement may determine the beneficiary of the proceeds of the insurance.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-218
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-219 — Risk Of Loss.

336.2A-219 RISK OF LOSS.
(1) Except in the case of a finance lease, risk of loss is retained by the lessor and does not pass to the lessee. In the case of a finance lease, risk of loss passes to the lessee.
(2) Subject to the provisions of this article on the effect of default on risk of loss (section 336.2A-220), if risk of loss is to pass to the lessee and the time of passage is not stated, the following rules apply:
(a) If the lease contract requires or authorizes the goods to be shipped by carrier
(i) and it does not require delivery at a particular destination, the risk of loss passes to the lessee when the goods are duly delivered to the carrier; but
(ii) if it does require delivery at a particular destination and the goods are there duly tendered while in the possession of the carrier, the risk of loss passes to the lessee when the goods are there duly so tendered as to enable the lessee to take delivery.
(b) If the goods are held by a bailee to be delivered without being moved, the risk of loss passes to the lessee on acknowledgment by the bailee of the lessee's right to possession of the goods.
(c) In any case not within subsection (a) or (b), the risk of loss passes to the lessee on the lessee's receipt of the goods if the lessor, or, in the case of a finance lease, the supplier, is a merchant; otherwise the risk passes to the lessee on tender of delivery.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-219
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-220 — Effect Of Default On Risk Of Loss.

336.2A-220 EFFECT OF DEFAULT ON RISK OF LOSS.
(1) Where risk of loss is to pass to the lessee and the time of passage is not stated:
(a) If a tender or delivery of goods so fails to conform to the lease contract as to give a right of rejection, the risk of their loss remains with the lessor, or, in the case of a finance lease, the supplier, until cure or acceptance.
(b) If the lessee rightfully revokes acceptance, the lessee, to the extent of any deficiency in the lessee's effective insurance coverage, may treat the risk of loss as having remained with the lessor from the beginning.
(2) Whether or not risk of loss is to pass to the lessee, if the lessee as to conforming goods already identified to a lease contract repudiates or is otherwise in default under the lease contract, the lessor, or, in the case of a finance lease, the supplier, to the extent of any deficiency in the lessor's or supplier's effective insurance coverage may treat the risk of loss as resting on the lessee for a commercially reasonable time.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-220
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-221 — Casualty To Identified Goods.

336.2A-221 CASUALTY TO IDENTIFIED GOODS.
If a lease contract requires goods identified when the lease contract is made, and the goods suffer casualty without fault of the lessee, the lessor or the supplier before delivery, or the goods suffer casualty before risk of loss passes to the lessee pursuant to the lease agreement or section 336.2A-219, then:
(a) if the loss is total, the lease contract is avoided; and
(b) if the loss is partial or the goods have so deteriorated as to no longer conform to the lease contract, the lessee may nevertheless demand inspection and at the lessee's option either treat the lease contract as avoided or, except in a finance lease, accept the goods with due allowance from the rent payable for the balance of the lease term for the deterioration or the deficiency in quantity but without further right against the lessor.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-221
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-301 — Enforceability Of Lease Contract.

336.2A-301 ENFORCEABILITY OF LEASE CONTRACT.
Except as otherwise provided in this article, a lease contract is effective and enforceable according to its terms between the parties, against purchasers of the goods and against creditors of the parties.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-301
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-302 — Title To And Possession Of Goods.

336.2A-302 TITLE TO AND POSSESSION OF GOODS.
Except as otherwise provided in this article, each provision of this article applies whether the lessor or a third party has title to the goods, and whether the lessor, the lessee, or a third party has possession of the goods, notwithstanding any statute or rule of law that possession or the absence of possession is fraudulent.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-302
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-304 — Subsequent Lease Of Goods By Lessor.

336.2A-304 SUBSEQUENT LEASE OF GOODS BY LESSOR.
(1) Subject to section 336.2A-303, a subsequent lessee from a lessor of goods under an existing lease contract obtains, to the extent of the leasehold interest transferred, the leasehold interest in the goods that the lessor had or had power to transfer, and except as provided in subsection (2) and section 336.2A-527(4), takes subject to the existing lease contract. A lessor with voidable title has power to transfer a good leasehold interest to a good faith subsequent lessee for value but only to the extent set forth in the preceding sentence. If goods have been delivered under a transaction of purchase, the lessor has that power even though:
(a) the lessor's transferor was deceived as to the identity of the lessor;
(b) the delivery was in exchange for a check which is later dishonored;
(c) it was agreed that the transaction was to be a "cash sale"; or
(d) the delivery was procured through fraud punishable as larcenous under the criminal law.
(2) If a lessee has entrusted leased goods to the lessee's lessor who is a merchant dealing in goods of that kind, a subsequent lessee from that lessor under a lease entered into after the entrustment and in the ordinary course of business takes those goods free of the existing lease contract and obtains, to the extent of the leasehold interest transferred, all of the lessor's and the earlier lessee's rights to the goods.
(3) A subsequent lessee from the lessor of goods that are subject to an existing lease contract and are covered by a certificate of title issued under a statute of this state or of another jurisdiction takes no greater rights than those provided both by this section and by the certificate of title statute.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-304; 1991 c 171 art 1 s 4
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-305 — Sale Or Sublease Of Goods By Lessee.

336.2A-305 SALE OR SUBLEASE OF GOODS BY LESSEE.
(1) Subject to the provisions of section 336.2A-303, a buyer or sublessee from the lessee of goods under an existing lease contract obtains, to the extent of the interest transferred, the leasehold interest in the goods that the lessee had or had power to transfer, and except as provided in subsection (2) and section 336.2A-511(4), takes subject to the existing lease contract. A lessee with a voidable leasehold interest has power to transfer a good leasehold interest to a good faith buyer for value or a good faith sublessee for value, but only to the extent set forth in the preceding sentence. When goods have been delivered under a transaction of lease the lessee has that power even though:
(a) the lessor was deceived as to the identity of the lessee;
(b) the delivery was in exchange for a check which is later dishonored; or
(c) the delivery was procured through fraud punishable as larcenous under the criminal law.
(2) A buyer in the ordinary course of business or a sublessee in the ordinary course of business from a lessee who is a merchant dealing in goods of that kind to whom the goods were entrusted by the lessor obtains, to the extent of the interest transferred, all of the lessor's and lessee's rights to the goods, and takes free of the existing lease contract.
(3) A buyer or sublessee from the lessee of goods that are subject to an existing lease contract and are covered by a certificate of title issued under a statute of this state or of another jurisdiction takes no greater rights than those provided both by this section and by the certificate of title statute.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-305
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-306 — Priority Of Certain Liens Arising By Operation Of Law.

336.2A-306 PRIORITY OF CERTAIN LIENS ARISING BY OPERATION OF LAW.
If a person in the ordinary course of the person's business furnishes services or materials with respect to goods subject to a lease contract, a lien upon those goods in the possession of that person given by statute or rule of law for those materials or services takes priority over any interest of the lessor or lessee under the lease contract or this article unless the lien is created by statute and the statute provides otherwise or unless the lien is created by rule of law and the rule of law provides otherwise.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-306
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-307 — Priority Of Liens Arising By Attachment Or Levy On, Security Interests In, And Other Claims To Goods.

336.2A-307 PRIORITY OF LIENS ARISING BY ATTACHMENT OR LEVY ON, SECURITY INTERESTS IN, AND OTHER CLAIMS TO GOODS.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in section 336.2A-306, a creditor of a lessee takes subject to the lease contract.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (3) and in sections 336.2A-306 and 336.2A-308, a creditor of a lessor takes subject to the lease contract unless the creditor holds a lien that attached to the goods before the lease contract became enforceable.
(3) Except as otherwise provided in sections 336.9-317, 336.9-321, and 336.9-323, a lessee takes a leasehold interest subject to a security interest held by a creditor of the lessor.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-307; 1991 c 171 art 1 s 5; 2000 c 399 art 2 s 10
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-308 — Special Rights Of Creditors.

336.2A-308 SPECIAL RIGHTS OF CREDITORS.
(1) A creditor of a lessor in possession of goods subject to a lease contract may treat the lease contract as void if as against the creditor retention of possession by the lessor is fraudulent under any statute or rule of law, but retention of possession in good faith and current course of trade by the lessor for a commercially reasonable time after the lease contract becomes enforceable is not fraudulent.
(2) Nothing in this article impairs the rights of creditors of a lessor if the lease contract (a) becomes enforceable, not in current course of trade but in satisfaction of or as security for a preexisting claim for money, security, or the like, and (b) is made under circumstances which under any statute or rule of law apart from this article would constitute the transaction a fraudulent transfer or voidable preference.
(3) A creditor of a seller may treat a sale or an identification of goods to a contract for sale as void if as against the creditor retention of possession by the seller is fraudulent under any statute or rule of law, but retention of possession of the goods pursuant to a lease contract entered into by the seller as lessee and the buyer as lessor in connection with the sale or identification of the goods is not fraudulent if the buyer bought for value and in good faith.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-308
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-310 — Lessor's And Lessee's Rights When Goods Become Accessions.

336.2A-310 LESSOR'S AND LESSEE'S RIGHTS WHEN GOODS BECOME ACCESSIONS.
(1) Goods are "accessions" when they are installed in or affixed to other goods.
(2) The interest of a lessor or a lessee under a lease contract entered into before the goods became accessions is superior to all interests in the whole except as stated in subsection (4).
(3) The interest of a lessor or a lessee under a lease contract entered into at the time or after the goods became accessions is superior to all subsequently acquired interests in the whole except as stated in subsection (4) but is subordinate to interests in the whole existing at the time the lease contract was made unless the holders of the interests in the whole have in writing consented to the lease or disclaimed an interest in the goods as part of the whole.
(4) The interest of a lessor or a lessee under a lease contract described in subsection (2) or (3) is subordinate to the interest of
(a) a buyer in the ordinary course of business or a lessee in the ordinary course of business of any interest in the whole acquired after the goods became accessions; or
(b) a creditor with a security interest in the whole perfected before the lease contract was made to the extent that the creditor makes subsequent advances without knowledge of the lease contract.
(5) When under subsections (2) or (3) and (4) a lessor or a lessee of accessions holds an interest that is superior to all interests in the whole, the lessor or the lessee may: (a) on default, expiration, termination, or cancellation of the lease contract by the other party but subject to the provisions of the lease contract and this article, or (b) if necessary to enforce the lessor's or lessee's other rights and remedies under this article; remove the goods from the whole, free and clear of all interests in the whole, but the lessor or lessee must reimburse any holder of an interest in the whole who is not the lessee and who has not otherwise agreed for the cost of repair of any physical injury but not for any diminution in value of the whole caused by the absence of the goods removed or by any necessity for replacing them. A person entitled to reimbursement may refuse permission to remove until the party seeking removal gives adequate security for the performance of this obligation.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-310
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-311 — Priority Subject To Subordination.

336.2A-311 PRIORITY SUBJECT TO SUBORDINATION.
Nothing in this article prevents subordination by agreement by any person entitled to priority.
History:
1991 c 171 art 1 s 7
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-401 — Insecurity; Adequate Assurance Of Performance.

336.2A-401 INSECURITY; ADEQUATE ASSURANCE OF PERFORMANCE.
(1) A lease contract imposes an obligation on each party that the other's expectation of receiving due performance will not be impaired.
(2) If reasonable grounds for insecurity arise with respect to the performance of either party, the insecure party may demand in writing adequate assurance of due performance. Until the insecure party receives that assurance, if commercially reasonable the insecure party may suspend any performance for which the insecure party has not already received the agreed return.
(3) A repudiation of the lease contract occurs if assurance of due performance adequate under the circumstances of the particular case is not provided to the insecure party within a reasonable time, not to exceed 30 days after receipt of a demand by the other party.
(4) Between merchants, the reasonableness of grounds for insecurity and the adequacy of any assurance offered must be determined according to commercial standards.
(5) Acceptance of any nonconforming delivery or payment does not prejudice the aggrieved party's right to demand adequate assurance of future performance.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-401
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-402 — Anticipatory Repudiation.

336.2A-402 ANTICIPATORY REPUDIATION.
If either party repudiates a lease contract with respect to a performance not yet due under the lease contract, the loss of which performance will substantially impair the value of the lease contract to the other, the aggrieved party may:
(a) for a commercially reasonable time, await retraction of repudiation and performance by the repudiating party;
(b) make demand pursuant to section 336.2A-401 and await assurance of future performance adequate under the circumstances of the particular case; or
(c) resort to any right or remedy upon default under the lease contract or this article, even though the aggrieved party has notified the repudiating party that the aggrieved party would await the repudiating party's performance and assurance and has urged retraction.
In addition, whether or not the aggrieved party is pursuing one of the remedies in this section, the aggrieved party may suspend performance or, if the aggrieved party is the lessor, proceed in accordance with the provisions of this article on the lessor's right to identify goods to the lease contract notwithstanding default or to salvage unfinished goods (section 336.2A-524).
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-402
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-403 — Retraction Of Anticipatory Repudiation.

336.2A-403 RETRACTION OF ANTICIPATORY REPUDIATION.
(1) Until the repudiating party's next performance is due, the repudiating party can retract the repudiation unless, since the repudiation, the aggrieved party has canceled the lease contract or materially changed the aggrieved party's position or otherwise indicated that the aggrieved party considers the repudiation final.
(2) Retraction may be by any method that clearly indicates to the aggrieved party that the repudiating party intends to perform under the lease contract and includes any assurance demanded under section 336.2A-401.
(3) Retraction reinstates a repudiating party's rights under a lease contract with due excuse and allowance to the aggrieved party for any delay occasioned by the repudiation.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-403
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-404 — Substituted Performance.

336.2A-404 SUBSTITUTED PERFORMANCE.
(1) If without fault of the lessee, the lessor and the supplier, the agreed berthing, loading, or unloading facilities fail or the agreed type of carrier becomes unavailable or the agreed manner of delivery otherwise becomes commercially impracticable, but a commercially reasonable substitute is available, the substitute performance must be tendered and accepted.
(2) If the agreed means or manner of payment fails because of domestic or foreign governmental regulation:
(a) the lessor may withhold or stop delivery or cause the supplier to withhold or stop delivery unless the lessee provides a means or manner of payment that is commercially a substantial equivalent; and
(b) if delivery has already been taken, payment by the means or in the manner provided by the regulation discharges the lessee's obligation unless the regulation is discriminatory, oppressive, or predatory.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-404
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-405 — Excused Performance.

336.2A-405 EXCUSED PERFORMANCE.
Subject to section 336.2A-404 on substituted performance, the following rules apply:
(a) Delay in delivery or nondelivery in whole or in part by a lessor or a supplier who complies with paragraphs (b) and (c) is not a default under the lease contract if performance as agreed has been made impracticable by the occurrence of a contingency the nonoccurrence of which was a basic assumption on which the lease contract was made or by compliance in good faith with any applicable foreign or domestic governmental regulation or order, whether or not the regulation or order later proves to be invalid.
(b) If the causes mentioned in paragraph (a) affect only part of the lessor's or the supplier's capacity to perform, the lessor or supplier shall allocate production and deliveries among the lessor's or supplier's customers but may include regular customers not then under contract for sale or lease as well as other requirements for further manufacture. The lessor or supplier may so allocate in any manner that is fair and reasonable.
(c) The lessor seasonably shall notify the lessee and in the case of a finance lease the supplier seasonably shall notify the lessor and the lessee, if known, that there will be delay or nondelivery and, if allocation is required under paragraph (b), of the estimated quota made available for the lessee.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-405
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-406 — Procedure On Excused Performance.

336.2A-406 PROCEDURE ON EXCUSED PERFORMANCE.
(1) If the lessee receives notification of a material or indefinite delay or an allocation justified under section 336.2A-405, the lessee may by written notification to the lessor as to any goods involved, and with respect to all of the goods if under an installment lease contract the value of the whole lease contract is substantially impaired (section 336.2A-510):
(a) terminate the lease contract (section 336.2A-505(2)); or
(b) except in a finance lease, modify the lease contract by accepting the available quota in substitution, with due allowance from the rent payable for the balance of the lease term for the deficiency but without further right against the lessor.
(2) If, after receipt of a notification from the lessor under section 336.2A-405, the lessee fails so to modify the lease agreement within a reasonable time not exceeding 30 days, the lease contract lapses with respect to any deliveries affected.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-406
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-407 — Irrevocable Promises; Finance Leases.

336.2A-407 IRREVOCABLE PROMISES; FINANCE LEASES.
(1) In the case of a finance lease, the lessee's promises under the lease contract become irrevocable and independent upon the lessee's acceptance of the goods.
(2) A promise that has become irrevocable and independent under subsection (1):
(a) is effective and enforceable between the parties, and by or against third parties including assignees of the parties; and
(b) is not subject to cancellation, termination, modification, repudiation, excuse, or substitution without the consent of the party to whom the promise runs.
(3) This section does not affect the validity under any other law of a covenant in any lease contract making the lessee's promises irrevocable and independent upon the lessee's acceptance of the goods.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-407; 1991 c 171 art 1 s 8
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-501 — Default; Procedure.

336.2A-501 DEFAULT; PROCEDURE.
(1) Whether the lessor or the lessee is in default under a lease contract is determined by the lease agreement and this article.
(2) If the lessor or the lessee is in default under the lease contract, the party seeking enforcement has rights and remedies as provided in this article and, except as limited by this article, as provided in the lease agreement.
(3) If the lessor or the lessee is in default under the lease contract, the party seeking enforcement may reduce the party's claim to judgment, or otherwise enforce the lease contract by self-help or any available judicial procedure or nonjudicial procedure, including administrative proceeding, arbitration, or the like, in accordance with this article.
(4) Except as otherwise provided in section 336.1-305(a) or this article or the lease agreement, the rights and remedies referred to in subsections (2) and (3) are cumulative.
(5) If the lease agreement covers both real property and goods, the party seeking enforcement may proceed under this part as to the goods, or under other applicable law as to both the real property and the goods in accordance with that party's rights and remedies in respect of the real property, in which case this part does not apply.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-501; 1991 c 171 art 1 s 9; 2004 c 162 art 2 s 4
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-502 — Notice After Default.

336.2A-502 NOTICE AFTER DEFAULT.
Except as otherwise provided in this article or the lease agreement, the lessor or lessee in default under the lease contract is not entitled to notice of default or notice of enforcement from the other party to the lease agreement.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-502
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-503 — Modification Or Impairment Of Rights And Remedies.

336.2A-503 MODIFICATION OR IMPAIRMENT OF RIGHTS AND REMEDIES.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in this article, the lease agreement may include rights and remedies for default in addition to or in substitution for those provided in this article and may limit or alter the measure of damages recoverable under this article.
(2) Resort to a remedy provided under this article or in the lease agreement is optional unless the remedy is expressly agreed to be exclusive. If circumstances cause an exclusive or limited remedy to fail of its essential purpose, or provision for an exclusive remedy is unconscionable, remedy may be had as provided in this article.
(3) Consequential damages may be liquidated under section 336.2A-504, or may otherwise be limited, altered, or excluded unless the limitation, alteration, or exclusion is unconscionable. Limitation, alteration, or exclusion of consequential damages for injury to the person in the case of consumer goods is prima facie unconscionable but limitation, alteration, or exclusion of damages where the loss is commercial is not prima facie unconscionable.
(4) Rights and remedies on default by the lessor or the lessee with respect to any obligation or promise collateral or ancillary to the lease contract are not impaired by this article.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-503; 1991 c 171 art 1 s 10
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-504 — Liquidation Of Damages.

336.2A-504 LIQUIDATION OF DAMAGES.
(1) Damages payable by either party for default, or any other act or omission, including indemnity for loss or diminution of anticipated tax benefits or loss or damage to lessor's residual interest, may be liquidated in the lease agreement but only at an amount or by a formula that is reasonable in light of the then anticipated harm caused by the default or other act or omission.
(2) If the lease agreement provides for liquidation of damages, and the provision does not comply with subsection (1), or the provision is an exclusive or limited remedy that circumstances cause to fail of its essential purpose, remedy may be had as provided in this article.
(3) If the lessor justifiably withholds or stops delivery of goods because of the lessee's default or insolvency (section 336.2A-525 or 336.2A-526), the lessee is entitled to restitution of any amount by which the sum of the lessee's payments exceeds:
(a) the amount to which the lessor is entitled by virtue of terms liquidating the lessor's damages in accordance with subsection (1); or
(b) in the absence of those terms, 20 percent of the then present value of the total rent the lessee was obligated to pay for the balance of the lease term, or, in the case of a consumer lease, the lesser of such amount or $500.
(4) A lessee's right to restitution under subsection (3) is subject to offset to the extent the lessor establishes:
(a) a right to recover damages under the provisions of this article other than subsection (1); and
(b) the amount or value of any benefits received by the lessee directly or indirectly by reason of the lease contract.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-504
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-505 — Cancellation And Termination And Effect Of Cancellation, Termination, Rescission, Or Fraud On Rights And Remedies.

336.2A-505 CANCELLATION AND TERMINATION AND EFFECT OF CANCELLATION, TERMINATION, RESCISSION, OR FRAUD ON RIGHTS AND REMEDIES.
(1) On cancellation of the lease contract, all obligations that are still executory on both sides are discharged, but any right based on prior default or performance survives, and the canceling party also retains any remedy for default of the whole lease contract or any unperformed balance.
(2) On termination of the lease contract, all obligations that are still executory on both sides are discharged but any right based on prior default or performance survives.
(3) Unless the contrary intention clearly appears, expressions of "cancellation," "rescission," or the like of the lease contract may not be construed as a renunciation or discharge of any claim in damages for an antecedent default.
(4) Rights and remedies for material misrepresentation or fraud include all rights and remedies available under this article for default.
(5) Neither rescission nor a claim for rescission of the lease contract nor rejection or return of the goods may bar or be deemed inconsistent with a claim for damages or other right or remedy.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-505
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-506 — Statute Of Limitations.

336.2A-506 STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.
(1) An action for default under a lease contract, including breach of warranty or indemnity, must be commenced within four years after the cause of action accrued. If the lease contract is not a consumer lease, the parties may reduce the period of limitation to not less than one year in the original lease contract.
(2) A cause of action for default accrues when the act or omission on which the default or breach of warranty is based is or should have been discovered by the aggrieved party, or when the default occurs, whichever is later. A cause of action for indemnity accrues when the act or omission on which the claim for indemnity is based is or should have been discovered by the indemnified party.
(3) If an action commenced within the time limited by subsection (1) is so terminated as to leave available a remedy by another action for the same default or breach of warranty or indemnity, the other action may be commenced after the expiration of the time limited and within six months after the termination of the first action unless the termination resulted from voluntary discontinuance or from dismissal for failure or neglect to prosecute.
(4) This section does not alter the law on tolling of the statute of limitations nor does it apply to causes of action that have accrued before this article becomes effective.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-506
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 324 - 342 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection › Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code › Section 336.2A-507 — Proof Of Market Rent; Time And Place.

336.2A-507 PROOF OF MARKET RENT; TIME AND PLACE.
(1) Damages based on market rent (section 336.2A-519 or 336.2A-528) are determined according to the rent for the use of the goods concerned for a lease term identical to the remaining lease term of the original lease agreement and prevailing at the times specified in sections 336.2A-519 and 336.2A-528.
(2) If evidence of rent for the use of the goods concerned for a lease term identical to the remaining lease term of the original lease agreement and prevailing at the times or places described in this article is not readily available, the rent prevailing within any reasonable time before or after the time described or at any other place or for a different lease term which in commercial judgment or under usage of trade would serve as a reasonable substitute for the one described may be used, making any proper allowance for the difference, including the cost of transporting the goods to or from the other place.
(3) Evidence of a relevant rent prevailing at a time or place or for a lease term other than the one described in this article offered by one party is not admissible unless and until the party has given the other party notice the court finds sufficient to prevent unfair surprise.
(4) If the prevailing rent or value of any goods regularly leased in any established market is in issue, reports in official publications or trade journals or in newspapers or periodicals of general circulation published as the reports of that market are admissible in evidence. The circumstances of the preparation of the report may be shown to affect its weight but not its admissibility.
History:
1989 c 232 art 1 s 2A-507; 1991 c 171 art 1 s 11