reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 543 — Summons, Jurisdiction; Certain Cases › Section 543.23 — Unenforceable Subpoenas.

543.23 UNENFORCEABLE SUBPOENAS.
(a) No subpoena shall be issued and no foreign subpoena shall be recognized in this state in a criminal or civil matter if the subpoena is related to a violation of another state's laws when the other state's laws are designed to interfere with an individual's right to receive gender-affirming health care. Failure to comply with a subpoena seeking information related to a person or entity allowing or assisting a child or an adult to receive gender-affirming health care when the information is being requested to enforce another state's laws that allow a civil or criminal action to be brought against a person for allowing or providing gender-affirming health care must not be the basis for contempt under section 588.01.
(b) "Gender-affirming health care" means medically necessary health care or mental health care that respects the gender identity of the patient, as experienced and defined by the patient, and that may include but is not limited to:
(1) interventions to suppress the development of endogenous secondary sex characteristics;
(2) interventions to align the patient's appearance or physical body with the patient's gender identity;
(3) interventions to alleviate the patient's symptoms of clinically significant distress resulting from gender dysphoria as defined in the current version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; and
(4) developmentally appropriate exploration and integration of the patient's gender identity, reduction of the patient's distress, adaptive coping, and strategies to increase family acceptance of the patient's gender identity.
History:
2023 c 29 s 5
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 544 — Pleadings › Section 544.043 — Defamation By Television And Radio; Defense.

544.043 DEFAMATION BY TELEVISION AND RADIO; DEFENSE.
The owner, licensee, or operator of a visual or sound radio broadcasting station or network of stations, or any agent or employee of any such owner, licensee, or operator, is not liable for damages for any defamatory statement published or uttered in or as a part of a visual or sound radio broadcast, by any one other than such owner, licensee, or operator, or agent or employee thereof, if such owner, licensee, operator, or such agent or employee, shows an exercise of due care to prevent the publication or utterance of the statement in that broadcast. Provided, however, the exercise of due care shall be construed to include a bona fide compliance with any federal law or the regulation of any federal regulatory agency.
The provisions of this section shall not affect any action or proceeding now pending or which shall be commenced within six months after the passage thereof, in any of the courts of the state.
History:
1951 c 532 s 1; 1953 c 680 s 1,2; 1957 c 739 s 1; 1986 c 444
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 544 — Pleadings › Section 544.15 — Subscription And Verification.

544.15 SUBSCRIPTION AND VERIFICATION.
Every pleading may be verified in the manner following:
(1) by the affidavit of the party, or of one or more of the parties pleading together, that the affiant knows the contents of the pleading, that the averments thereof are true of affiant's own knowledge, save as to such as are therein stated on information and belief, and that as to those the affiant believes them to be true;
(2) if the party is a corporation, the affidavit may be made by any officer thereof having knowledge of the facts sworn to; if the state, or any officer thereof acting in its behalf, by the attorney general;
(3) if no party or officer acquainted with the facts and capable of making such affidavit is within the county where the attorney resides, the pleading may be verified by the attorney or agent of the party, stating the fact of such absence and that the pleading is true to the best of the verifier's knowledge and belief.
History:
(9265) RL s 4142; 1974 c 394 s 8; 1986 c 444
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 544 — Pleadings › Section 544.21 — Incorporation, Pleading And Proof.

544.21 INCORPORATION, PLEADING AND PROOF.
In actions by or against a corporation, domestic or foreign, it shall be a sufficient averment of its incorporation to allege, in substance, that the party is a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the designated state, country, or place. Unless the adverse party shall specifically aver that the plaintiff or defendant is not a corporation, no proof thereof shall be required at the trial.
History:
(9271) RL s 4148
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 544 — Pleadings › Section 544.22 — Partnerships; Proof As To Members.

544.22 PARTNERSHIPS; PROOF AS TO MEMBERS.
When two or more persons sue or defend as copartners they may give in evidence any contract admissible under the pleadings. Unless the partnership is specifically denied by the adverse party, no proof shall be required that they are the same persons who composed such copartnership when the contract was made or at any subsequent time.
History:
(9272) RL s 4149
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 544 — Pleadings › Section 544.36 — Ad Damnum; Limitation.

544.36 AD DAMNUM; LIMITATION.
In a pleading in a civil action which sets forth an unliquidated claim for relief, whether an original claim, cross-claim, or third-party claim, if a recovery of money is demanded in an amount less than $50,000, the amount shall be stated. If a recovery of money in an amount greater than $50,000 is demanded, the pleading shall state merely that recovery of reasonable damages in an amount greater than $50,000 is sought.
This section may be superseded by an amendment to the Rules of Civil Procedure adopted after July 31, 1978.
History:
1978 c 738 s 3
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.07 — Order Of Trial; Absence Of Parties.

546.07 ORDER OF TRIAL; ABSENCE OF PARTIES.
The issues on the calendar of a general term shall be disposed of in the following order, unless the court shall otherwise direct:
(1) jury cases;
(2) issues of fact to be tried by the court;
(3) issues of law.
If a party be absent, unless the court for good cause shall otherwise order, the adverse party may proceed with the case and take a dismissal of the action or a verdict or judgment as the case may require. If neither be present, the cause shall be stricken from the calendar.
History:
(9291) RL s 4167; 1986 c 444
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.08 — Continuance.

546.08 CONTINUANCE.
A motion to postpone a trial for the absence of evidence can only be made upon affidavit, stating the evidence expected to be obtained, the reasons for its absence and for expecting that it can be procured, and showing its materiality and that due diligence has been used to procure it; and if the adverse party thereupon admits that such evidence would be given and that it be considered as actually given on the trial, or offered and rejected as improper, the trial shall not be postponed.
History:
(9292) RL s 4168
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.10 — Challenges.

546.10 CHALLENGES.
In any civil action or proceeding either party may challenge the panel, or individual jurors thereon, for the same causes and in the same manner as in criminal trials, except that the number of peremptory challenges to be allowed on either side shall be as provided in this section. Before challenging a juror, either party may examine the juror in reference to qualifications to sit as a juror in the cause. A sufficient number of jurors shall be called in the action so that six shall remain after the exercise of the peremptory challenges as provided in this section. Each party shall be entitled to two peremptory challenges, which shall be made alternately beginning with the defendant. The parties to the action shall be deemed two, all plaintiffs being one party, and all defendants being the other party, except, in case two or more defendants have adverse interests, the court, if satisfied that the due protection of their interests so requires, may allow the defendant or defendants on each side of the adverse interests not to exceed two peremptory challenges. When the peremptory challenges have been exhausted or declined, the first six of the remaining jurors shall constitute the jury.
History:
(9294) RL s 4170; 1913 c 217 s 1; 1927 c 281; 1943 c 228 s 2; 1971 c 917 s 3; 1973 c 453 s 1; 1976 c 239 s 47; 1980 c 509 s 178; 1986 c 444; 2022 c 55 art 1 s 184
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.11 — Order Of Trial.

546.11 ORDER OF TRIAL.
In a civil case when the jury is completed and sworn, the trial shall proceed in the following order, unless for special reasons the court shall otherwise direct:
(1) the plaintiff, after stating the issue, shall produce the plaintiff's evidence;
(2) the defendant may then open the defense, and produce evidence in support thereof;
(3) the parties may then respectively offer rebutting evidence only, unless the court, in furtherance of justice, shall permit either to introduce evidence upon each's original case;
(4) when the evidence is concluded, unless the case be submitted by one side or both without argument, the defendant shall open and the plaintiff close the argument to the jury; provided, that if the defendant have the affirmative of the issue to be tried the foregoing order of trial shall be reversed;
(5) if several defendants, having separate defenses, appear by different counsel, the court shall determine their relative order in respect to both evidence and argument;
(6) when the argument is closed the court may charge the jury.
History:
(9295) RL s 4171; 1979 c 233 s 21; 1986 c 444
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.12 — View Of Premises; Procedure.

546.12 VIEW OF PREMISES; PROCEDURE.
In a civil case when the court deems it proper that the jury should view real property which is the subject of litigation, or the place where a material fact occurred, it may order them to be taken, in a body and in the custody of proper officers, to the place, which shall be shown to them by the judge, or by a person appointed by the court for that purpose; and while the jurors are thus absent, no one other than the judge or person so appointed shall speak to them on any subject connected with the trial.
History:
(9296) RL s 4172; 1979 c 233 s 22
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.13 — Sickness Of Juror; Food And Lodging.

546.13 SICKNESS OF JUROR; FOOD AND LODGING.
If a juror becomes sick or otherwise unable to perform duty, the court may discharge the juror. In that case, unless the parties consent to accept the verdict of the remaining jurors, another may be sworn in place of the discharged juror and the trial begun anew, or the jury may be discharged and another then or afterward impaneled. If the court, while a jury is kept together, shall order that they be provided with food and lodging, the sheriff shall furnish the same at the expense of the state courts.
History:
(9297) RL s 4173; 1986 c 444; 1999 c 216 art 7 s 36
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.15 — Jurors May Take Certain Papers.

546.15 JURORS MAY TAKE CERTAIN PAPERS.
On retiring for deliberation, the jury may take with them all papers received in evidence except depositions; but the court may direct that copies be made for their use of such records and documents as ought not, in its judgment, to be taken from those entitled to their possession. The jurors may also take with them notes of the testimony and proceedings made by themselves, but none others. All such papers, except the notes aforesaid, shall be returned to the court administrator before the jurors are discharged.
History:
(9299) RL s 4175; 1Sp1986 c 3 art 1 s 82
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.16 — Verdict, When Received; Correcting Same; Polling Jury.

546.16 VERDICT, WHEN RECEIVED; CORRECTING SAME; POLLING JURY.
While the jury are absent the court may adjourn from time to time, in respect to other business, but it shall be considered open, for all purposes connected with the cause submitted, until a verdict is rendered or the jury discharged. A final adjournment shall discharge the jury. Before the verdict is recorded either party may require the jury to be polled, whereupon the court administrator shall ask if each juror's verdict is the same as the announced verdict. If any answer in the negative, the jury shall be sent out for further deliberation. If the verdict be defective in form or insufficient, it may be corrected under the advice of the court, or the jury may be again sent out.
History:
(9300) RL s 4176; 1986 c 444; 1Sp1986 c 3 art 1 s 82
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.17 — Verdict By Five-sixths Of Jury.

546.17 VERDICT BY FIVE-SIXTHS OF JURY.
In any civil action or proceeding in any court of record the jury therein may return a verdict, after six hours of deliberation, upon an agreement by five-sixths of its number. The jury's deliberation commences when the officer in charge of the jury is sworn. The court administrator records that time.
History:
(9301) 1913 c 63 s 1; 1955 c 220 s 1; 1Sp1986 c 3 art 1 s 82
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.18 — Verdict; How Signed.

546.18 VERDICT; HOW SIGNED.
Where the verdict is agreed to by the full membership of the jury the foreperson only shall sign the verdict, when less than the full number agree on the verdict the same shall be signed by all the jurors who concur therein, and the court administrator shall enter on the minutes the number of jurors concurring in the verdict.
History:
(9302) 1913 c 63 s 2; 1986 c 444; 1Sp1986 c 3 art 1 s 82
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.19 — Verdict, General And Special.

546.19 VERDICT, GENERAL AND SPECIAL.
A general verdict is one by which the jury find generally upon all the issues in favor of the plaintiff or defendant. A special verdict is one by which they find the facts only, and it shall so present the conclusions of fact as established by the evidence that nothing remains to the court but to draw from them conclusions of law.
History:
(9303) RL s 4177
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.22 — Jury To Assess Recovery.

546.22 JURY TO ASSESS RECOVERY.
When a verdict is found for the plaintiff in an action for the recovery of money, or for the defendant when a counterclaim for the recovery of money is established beyond the amount of the plaintiff's claim as established, the jury shall assess the amount of the recovery.
History:
(9306) RL s 4180
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.23 — Verdict In Replevin.

546.23 VERDICT IN REPLEVIN.
In an action for the recovery of specific personal property, if the property has not been delivered to the claimant and the jury find that the claimant is entitled to its recovery, or if the property is not in the possession of the respondent, and by answer the respondent claims a return thereof, and the verdict is in the respondent's favor, the jury shall assess the value of the property and the damages, if any are claimed in the complaint or answer, which the prevailing party has sustained by reason of the detention, or taking and withholding, of such property. When the verdict is in favor of the party having possession of the property its value shall not be found.
History:
(9307) RL s 4181; 1979 c 18 s 11; 1986 c 444
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.24 — Receiving Verdict.

546.24 RECEIVING VERDICT.
When the verdict is given, and is such as the court may receive, the court administrator shall immediately file said verdict in open court, and read it to the jury, and inquire of them whether it is their verdict. If any juror disagrees, the fact shall be entered in the minutes, and the jury again sent out; but if no disagreement is expressed, the verdict is complete, and the jury shall be discharged from the case. The court administrator shall forthwith record such verdict in full in the court minutes.
History:
(9308) RL s 4182; 1949 c 126 s 1; 1Sp1986 c 3 art 1 s 82
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.25 — Entries On Receiving Verdict; Reserving Case.

546.25 ENTRIES ON RECEIVING VERDICT; RESERVING CASE.
Upon receiving the verdict an entry shall be made in the minutes, specifying the time and place of trial, the names of the jurors and witnesses, the verdict, and any order of the court made in reference to the case. The court may reserve the case for argument and further consideration.
History:
(9309) RL s 4183; 1974 c 394 s 9
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.28 — Assessment Of Damages Without Answer.

546.28 ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES WITHOUT ANSWER.
A defendant, without answering, may appear in the action and demand in writing an assessment of the amount which the plaintiff is entitled to recover; and thereupon the court, upon application of either party, shall direct the manner of such assessment. When the amount is thus ascertained, the court administrator shall enter judgment therefor as in other cases.
History:
(9245) RL s 4122; 1Sp1986 c 3 art 1 s 82
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.31 — Trial Unfinished At End Of Term.

546.31 TRIAL UNFINISHED AT END OF TERM.
When the trial of any action or proceeding, or of an indictment, is not concluded at the expiration of the term in which it was begun, it may be concluded; and all proceedings may be had in the case in the same manner and with like effect as if it had been concluded within such term.
History:
(9314) RL s 4188
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.32 — Trial In Vacation By Consent.

546.32 TRIAL IN VACATION BY CONSENT.
With consent of parties the court may try and decide issues of law or fact in vacation, and thereupon judgment may be rendered at any time with the same effect as upon issues tried in term time.
History:
(9315) RL s 4189
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.33 — Trial By Referees; Fees Paid By The County.

546.33 TRIAL BY REFEREES; FEES PAID BY THE COUNTY.
When, in a trial by referee the court shall state in the order of appointment that the reference is made necessary by press of business, the fees of the referee, as taxed and allowed by the court, shall be paid out of the county treasury, as the salaries of county officers are paid.
History:
(9316) RL s 4190; 1921 c 279 s 2; 1974 c 394 s 10
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.35 — Selection Of Referees; Majority May Act.

546.35 SELECTION OF REFEREES; MAJORITY MAY ACT.
If the parties do not agree upon the persons to be appointed, the selection shall be made by the court from the resident electors of the state. If two be appointed, they shall meet and act together; if three, all shall meet, but two may do any act which might be done by all.
History:
(9318) RL s 4192
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.37 — Minors May Be Excluded, When.

546.37 MINORS MAY BE EXCLUDED, WHEN.
When a cause of a scandalous or obscene nature is to be tried, the court or referee may exclude from the courtroom all minors whose presence is not necessary as parties or witnesses.
History:
(9320) RL s 4194
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.42 — Persons Disabled In Communication; Interpreters.

546.42 PERSONS DISABLED IN COMMUNICATION; INTERPRETERS.
For the purposes of sections 546.42 to 546.44, a person disabled in communication is one who, because of a hearing, speech, or other communication disorder, or because of difficulty in speaking or comprehending the English language, is unable to fully understand the proceedings in which the person is required to participate, or when named as a party to a legal proceeding, is unable by reason of the deficiency to obtain due process of law.
History:
1975 c 337 s 1; 1981 c 131 s 1; 1984 c 460 s 1; 1986 c 444
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.43 — Proceedings Where Interpreter Appointed.

546.43 PROCEEDINGS WHERE INTERPRETER APPOINTED.
Subdivision 1.
Qualified interpreter.
In a civil action in which a disabled person is a litigant or witness, the presiding judicial officer shall appoint a qualified interpreter to serve throughout the proceedings.
Subd. 2.
Interpreter required.
In a proceeding before a board, commission, agency, or licensing authority of the state, or of a political subdivision of the state, where a witness or the principal party in interest is a disabled person, all of the proceedings that are pertinent shall be interpreted in a language the disabled person understands by a qualified interpreter appointed by the board, commission, agency, or licensing authority.
History:
1975 c 337 s 2; 2005 c 56 s 1
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 546 — Trials › Section 546.44 — Qualified Interpreter.

546.44 QUALIFIED INTERPRETER.
Subdivision 1.
Qualifications.
No person shall be appointed as a qualified interpreter pursuant to sections 546.42 to 546.44 unless that person is readily able to communicate with the disabled person, translate the proceedings for the disabled person, and accurately repeat and translate the statements of the disabled person to the officials before whom the proceeding is taking place.
Subd. 2.
Oaths.
A qualified interpreter appointed pursuant to the provisions of sections 546.42 to 546.44, before entering upon any duties shall take an oath promising, to the best of skill and judgment, to make a true interpretation to the disabled person being examined of all the proceedings, in a language which the person understands, and that the interpreter will repeat in the English language the statements of the disabled person to the court or other official before whom the proceeding is taking place.
Subd. 3.
Fees and expenses.
The fees and expenses of a qualified interpreter shall be determined by the presiding official and paid by the court, board, commission, agency, or licensing authority before whom the proceeding is taking place. The fees and expenses of a qualified per diem interpreter for a court must be paid by the state courts.
Subd. 4.
Disclosure.
A person serving as an interpreter pursuant to sections 546.42 to 546.44, shall not, without the consent of the person disabled in communication, be allowed to disclose any privileged communication made by the person or any privileged information gathered from the person which was communicated or gathered during the time of service as the interpreter.
History:
1975 c 337 s 3; 1981 c 131 s 2; 1986 c 444; 1999 c 216 art 7 s 37; 2005 c 56 s 1
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 548 — Judgments › Section 548.04 — Judgment In Replevin.

548.04 JUDGMENT IN REPLEVIN.
In an action to recover the possession of personal property, judgment may be rendered for the plaintiff and for the defendant, or for either. Judgment for either, if the property has not been delivered, and a return is claimed in the complaint or answer, may be for the possession or the value thereof in case possession cannot be obtained, and damages for the detention, or the taking and withholding. If possession cannot be obtained of the whole of such property but may be obtained for part thereof then the party entitled thereto may have possession of the part which may be obtained and recover the value of the remainder or may elect to take judgment for the value of the whole of such property. When the prevailing party is in possession of the property, the value thereof shall not be included in the judgment. If the property has been delivered to the plaintiff, and the action be dismissed before answer, or if the answer so claim, the defendant shall have judgment for a return, and damages, if any, for the detention, or the taking and withholding, of such property; but such judgment shall not be a bar to another action for the same property or any part thereof; provided, that in an action for the recovery of specific personal property by the vendor in a conditional sale contract therefor, or by the vendor's successor in interest, by reason of default in the terms of such conditional sale contract, where it shall appear that the defendant in said action is an innocent purchaser for value of the property and without actual knowledge of the existence of such conditional sale contract, in the event that the plaintiff shall prevail in the action, the measure of the plaintiff's recovery shall be the balance unpaid on the conditional sale contract with interest thereon at the rate fixed in the conditional sale contract, if any, reasonable attorney's fees to be approved by the court and the costs and disbursements of the action.
History:
(9395) RL s 4267; 1931 c 202 s 1; 1986 c 444
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 548 — Judgments › Section 548.05 — Treble Damages For Trespass.

548.05 TREBLE DAMAGES FOR TRESPASS.
Whoever shall carry away, use or destroy any wood, timber, lumber, hay, grass, or other personal property of another person, without lawful authority, shall be liable to the owner thereof for treble the amount of damages assessed therefor in an action to recover such damages. If upon trial, the defendant proves having probable cause to believe that such property was the defendant's own, or was owned by the person for whom the defendant acted, judgment shall be given for the actual damages only, and for costs.
History:
(9396) RL s 4268; 1986 c 444
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 548 — Judgments › Section 548.06 — Damages For Libel.

548.06 DAMAGES FOR LIBEL.
In an action for damages for the publication of a libel in a newspaper, the plaintiff shall recover no more than special damages, unless a retraction be demanded and refused as hereinafter provided. The plaintiff shall serve upon the publisher at the principal place of publication, a notice, specifying the statements claimed to be libelous, and requesting that the same be withdrawn. If a retraction thereof be not published on the same page and in the same type and the statement headed in 18-point type or larger "RETRACTION," as were the statements complained of, in a regular issue thereof published within one week after such service, the plaintiff may allege such notice, demand, and failure to retract in the complaint and recover both special and general damages, if the cause of action be maintained. If such retraction be so published, the plaintiff may still recover general damages, unless the defendant shall show that the libelous publication was made in good faith and under a mistake as to the facts. If the plaintiff was a candidate for office at the time of the libelous publication, no retraction shall be available unless published on the same page and in the same type and the statement headed in 18-point type or larger "RETRACTION," as were the statements complained of, in a regular issue thereof published within one week after such service and in a conspicuous place on the editorial page, nor if the libel was published within one week next before the election. This section shall not apply to any libel imputing unchastity.
History:
(9397) RL s 4269; 1937 c 299 s 1; 1986 c 444; 1987 c 49 s 14
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 548 — Judgments › Section 548.07 — Judgment After Death Of Party.

548.07 JUDGMENT AFTER DEATH OF PARTY.
Judgment may be entered after the death of a party upon a verdict, or decision upon an issue of fact, rendered in the party's lifetime. Such judgment shall not be a lien on real property of the decedent, but shall be payable, in the course of administration of the decedent's estate, as if allowed by the district court against the estate.
History:
(9398) RL s 4270; 1986 c 444; 1995 c 189 s 8; 1996 c 277 s 1
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 548 — Judgments › Section 548.08 — Judgment Roll, How Made Up.

548.08 JUDGMENT ROLL, HOW MADE UP.
Upon entering the judgment, the court administrator shall forthwith attach together and file the following papers, which shall constitute the judgment roll:
(1) if the complaint be not answered, the summons and proof of its service, the complaint, proof that no answer has been received, any report, decision or order filed in the case, and the judgment;
(2) in all other cases, the summons and pleadings, notices of motion and orders made thereon, a copy of the judgment, the verdict, decision, or report, all offers of the defendant, and all orders involving the merits of the action and affecting the judgment. If any original paper be lost or withheld, the court may permit a copy to be filed and used in its stead. A settled case or bill of exceptions, if one is filed, shall be attached to the judgment roll upon the request of either party.
History:
(9399) RL s 4271; 1981 c 121 s 2; 1Sp1986 c 3 art 1 s 82
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 548 — Judgments › Section 548.09 — Lien Of Judgment.

548.09 LIEN OF JUDGMENT.
Subdivision 1.
Entry and docketing; survival of judgment.
Except as provided in section 548.091, every judgment requiring the payment of money shall be entered by the court administrator when ordered by the court and will be docketed by the court administrator upon the filing of an affidavit as provided in subdivision 2. Upon a transcript of the docket being filed with the court administrator in any other county, the court administrator shall also docket it. From the time of docketing the judgment is a lien, in the amount unpaid, upon all real property in the county then or thereafter owned by the judgment debtor, but it is not a lien upon registered land unless it is also recorded pursuant to sections 508.63 and 508A.63. The judgment survives, and the lien continues, for ten years after its entry. Child support judgments may be renewed pursuant to section 548.091.
Subd. 2.
Judgment creditor's affidavit.
No judgment, except for taxes, shall be docketed until the judgment creditor, or the creditor's agent or attorney, has filed with the court administrator an affidavit, stating the full name, occupation, place of residence, and post office address of the judgment debtor, to the best of affiant's information and belief. If the residence is within an incorporated place having more than 5,000 inhabitants, the street number of both the judgment debtor's place of residence and place of business, if the debtor has one, shall be stated.
Subd. 3.
Violations by court administrator.
If the court administrator violates this provision, neither the judgment nor the docketing is invalid, but the court administrator shall be liable to a person damaged by the violation in the sum of $5.
History:
(9400) RL s 4272; 1913 c 112 s 1; 1983 c 308 s 30; 1984 c 547 s 22,23; 1986 c 335 s 1; 1986 c 444; 1Sp1986 c 3 art 1 s 82; 1989 c 209 art 1 s 43; 1993 c 340 s 50; 1999 c 245 art 7 s 12; 2005 c 4 s 129; 2010 c 238 s 5,7; 2010 c 371 s 5; 2011 c 66 s 8; 2012 c 183 s 2; 2012 c 216 art 1 s 46
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 548 — Judgments › Section 548.10 — New County; Docketing Old Judgments; Real Estate Tax Judgments.

548.10 NEW COUNTY; DOCKETING OLD JUDGMENTS; REAL ESTATE TAX JUDGMENTS.
When a new county is created, the court administrator of the district court thereof shall transcribe into the court administrator's records all the docket entries relative to judgments for the payment of money, including real estate tax judgments, against lands situated in such new county, rendered within the ten years next preceding such creation and docketed in the counties from which such new county was set off, and such transcribed entries shall have the same effect as transcripts of dockets of judgments made by the court administrator of the county where the originals were docketed and filed in another county. For such transcription the court administrator shall receive from the new county 15 cents for each judgment.
History:
(9401) RL s 4273; 1907 c 159 s 1; 1986 c 444; 1Sp1986 c 3 art 1 s 82
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 548 — Judgments › Section 548.11 — Federal Court Judgment; Docketing.

548.11 FEDERAL COURT JUDGMENT; DOCKETING.
Every judgment requiring the payment of money rendered in a circuit or district court of the United States within this state shall be, from the docketing thereof in said court, a lien upon the real property of the judgment debtor situated in the county in which it is so docketed, the same as a judgment of the state court. A transcript of such docket may be filed with the court administrator of the district court of any other county, and shall be docketed in the court administrator's office as in the case of judgments of the state courts, and with like effect.
History:
(9402) RL s 4274; 1986 c 444; 1Sp1986 c 3 art 1 s 82
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 548 — Judgments › Section 548.12 — Lien Discharged By Deposit Of Money, When.

548.12 LIEN DISCHARGED BY DEPOSIT OF MONEY, WHEN.
Whenever an appeal shall be taken from a docketed judgment, or any motion shall be pending to set the same aside or for a new trial, the judgment debtor may deposit in court an amount sufficient to secure the payment of such judgment, with all interest and costs likely to accrue thereon pending the appeal or motion. The court shall make an order approving such deposit, and thereupon the judgment lien upon the real estate of the debtor shall cease and be transferred to the money so deposited. A certified copy of such order may be filed with the court administrator in any county in which a transcript of the judgment shall have been docketed.
History:
(9403) RL s 4275; 1Sp1986 c 3 art 1 s 82
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 548 — Judgments › Section 548.13 — Assignment Of Judgment; Mode And Effect.

548.13 ASSIGNMENT OF JUDGMENT; MODE AND EFFECT.
Every assignment of a judgment shall be in writing, signed and acknowledged by the assignor, except that written notice of assignment shall be sufficient in the case of assignment under section 256.741. No assignment shall be valid as against a subsequent purchaser of the judgment in good faith for value, or against a creditor levying upon or attaching the same, unless it is filed with the court administrator and an entry is made in the docket. When filed and entered, no one but the assignee, the assignee's agent, or attorney, shall be authorized to collect or enforce the judgment; provided, that the lien of an attorney on the judgment shall not be affected by the assignment.
History:
(9404) RL s 4276; 1984 c 547 s 25; 1986 c 444; 1Sp1986 c 3 art 1 s 82; 1999 c 159 s 140
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 548 — Judgments › Section 548.14 — Judgments, Procured By Fraud, Set Aside By Action.

548.14 JUDGMENTS, PROCURED BY FRAUD, SET ASIDE BY ACTION.
Any judgment obtained in a court of record by means of perjury, subornation of perjury, or any fraudulent act, practice, or representation of the prevailing party, may be set aside in an action brought for that purpose by the aggrieved party in the same judicial district within three years after the discovery by the aggrieved party of such perjury or fraud. In such action the court may either enjoin the enforcement of the judgment or command the satisfaction thereof, may compel the party procuring the same to restore any property received by virtue thereof, and may make such other or further order or judgment as justice shall require; but no right or interest of a third party acquired under such judgment in good faith, and without knowledge of the wrong complained of, shall be affected by the action herein provided for; provided, if during the pendency of such action the enforcement of such judgment or an action thereon shall become barred by the statute of limitations, and such judgment is sustained, the same may be enforced, or an action commenced thereon, within one year after such action is finally determined.
History:
(9405) RL s 4277; 1986 c 444
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 548 — Judgments › Section 548.15 — Discharge Of Record.

548.15 DISCHARGE OF RECORD.
Subdivision 1.
General.
Except as provided in subdivision 2, upon the satisfaction of a judgment, whether wholly or in part, or as to all or any of several defendants, the court administrator shall enter the satisfaction in the judgment roll, and note it, with its date, on the docket. If the docketing is upon a transcript from another county, the entry on the docket is sufficient. A judgment is satisfied when there is filed with the court administrator:
(1) an execution satisfied, to the extent stated in the sheriff's return on it;
(2) a certificate of satisfaction signed and acknowledged by the judgment creditor;
(3) a like certificate signed and acknowledged by the attorney of the creditor, unless that attorney's authority as attorney has previously been revoked and an entry of the revocation made upon the register; the authority of an attorney to satisfy a judgment ceases at the end of six years from its entry;
(4) an order of the court, made on motion, requiring the execution of a certificate of satisfaction, or directing satisfaction to be entered without it;
(5) where a judgment is docketed on transcript, a copy of either of the foregoing documents, certified by the court administrator in which the judgment was originally entered and in which the originals were filed.
A satisfaction made in the name of a partnership is valid if executed by a member of it while the partnership continues. The judgment creditor, or the creditor's attorney while the attorney's authority continues, may also satisfy a judgment of record by a brief entry on the register, signed by the creditor or the creditor's attorney, and dated and witnessed by the court administrator, who shall note the satisfaction on the margin of the docket. Except as provided in subdivision 2, when a judgment is satisfied otherwise than by return of execution, the judgment creditor or the creditor's attorney shall file a certificate of it with the court administrator within ten days after the satisfaction or within 30 days of payment by check or other noncertified funds.
Subd. 2.
Child support or maintenance judgment.
In the case of a judgment for child support or spousal maintenance, an execution or certificate of satisfaction need not be filed with the court until the judgment is satisfied in full.
History:
(9406) RL s 4278; 1979 c 12 s 2; 1981 c 121 s 3; 1983 c 235 s 1; 1986 c 444; 1Sp1986 c 3 art 1 s 82; 1988 c 484 s 2; 1995 c 257 art 3 s 14
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 548 — Judgments › Section 548.16 — Satisfaction And Assignment By State.

548.16 SATISFACTION AND ASSIGNMENT BY STATE.
The commissioner of management and budget or the attorney general may execute satisfactions and assignments of judgments in behalf of the state.
History:
(9407) RL s 4279; 1929 c 186; 1973 c 492 s 14; 2009 c 101 art 2 s 109
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 548 — Judgments › Section 548.17 — Payment And Satisfaction By Court Administrator.

548.17 PAYMENT AND SATISFACTION BY COURT ADMINISTRATOR.
Subdivision 1.
Judgments other than for support and maintenance.
Except as provided in subdivision 2, when a judgment debtor or other person whose property is subject to the lien of a money judgment files with the court administrator an affidavit of having made a diligent search and inquiry and being unable to find any person having authority to receive payment and give satisfaction of such judgment, the debtor or other person may pay the amount due on the judgment to the administrator, who, upon receipt, shall note satisfaction of the judgment on the docket and register of the action where it was entered, and the administrator shall issue a certificate reciting the payment and satisfaction under the administrator's seal to the person paying the judgment. The court administrator shall at once notify all persons appearing of record to have an interest in the judgment, including the attorney of the judgment creditor, of its payment and satisfaction. Upon demand, the court administrator shall pay the money to the person entitled, taking duplicate receipts, one of which the administrator shall retain and one which the administrator shall file in the case.
Subd. 2.
Judgments for support and maintenance.
When an obligor whose property is subject to the lien of a judgment for installment of periodic payments of child support, maintenance, or both, under section 548.091, files an affidavit with the court administrator that the obligee cannot be found or refuses to receive payment and give satisfaction for the amount of each sum docketed, the obligor may pay the amount due on the judgment to the administrator who, upon receipt, shall note satisfaction of the amount due on the docket and register of the action where it was entered, and the administrator shall issue a certificate under the administrator's seal to the obligor which recites the payment and satisfaction. The court administrator shall at once notify all persons appearing of record to have an interest in the judgment, including the obligee's attorney, of the payment and satisfaction. Upon demand, the administrator shall pay the money to the person entitled, taking duplicate receipts, one which the administrator shall retain, and one which the administrator shall file in the case.
History:
(9408) RL s 4280; 1984 c 547 s 26; 1986 c 444; 1Sp1986 c 3 art 1 s 82
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 548 — Judgments › Section 548.181 — Discharge Of Judgments Against Bankruptcy Debtors.

548.181 DISCHARGE OF JUDGMENTS AGAINST BANKRUPTCY DEBTORS.
Subdivision 1.
Application for discharge.
A judgment debtor who has received a discharge under United States Code, title 11, or an interested party, upon paying a filing fee of $5 for each judgment, may apply to the court administrator of any court for the discharge of all judgments entered in that court against the judgment debtor that were ordered discharged by the bankruptcy discharge.
Subd. 2.
Application requirements; service.
An application under subdivision 1 must identify each judgment to be discharged, must be accompanied by a certified copy of the judgment debtor's bankruptcy discharge or a certificate by the clerk of the United States Bankruptcy Court of the discharge, must state the time the judgment creditor has to object as specified in subdivision 3 and the grounds for objection as specified in subdivision 4, must be served at the expense of the applicant on each judgment creditor either:
(1) in the manner provided for the service of a summons in a civil action and must be accompanied by an affidavit of service; or
(2) by certified mail to the judgment creditor's last known address as it appears in the court record, and must be accompanied by an affidavit of mailing.
Subd. 3.
Objection to discharge.
The court administrator, without further notice or hearing, shall discharge each judgment except a judgment in favor of a judgment creditor who has filed an objection to discharge of the judgment within 20 days after service of the application on the judgment creditor. An objection to discharge of a judgment must be served on the judgment debtor in the same manner as an answer in a civil action.
Subd. 3a.
Certification of discharge.
Upon receipt of a filing fee of $5, the court administrator shall certify to the judgment debtor or other interested party the judgments against a person that have been discharged by the administrator.
Subd. 4.
Court order.
If a judgment creditor objects to the discharge of a judgment, on motion of the judgment debtor, the judgment creditor, or other interested party, the court shall order the judgment discharged except to the extent that: (1) the debt represented by the judgment was not discharged by the bankruptcy discharge; or (2) the judgment was an enforceable lien on real property when the bankruptcy discharge was entered. If the judgment was an enforceable lien on some, but not all, real property of the judgment debtor, the discharge shall only be entered as to real property not subject to an enforceable lien.
History:
1987 c 26 s 6; 1989 c 229 s 5-7; 2001 c 34 s 1
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 548 — Judgments › Section 548.19 — Joint Debtors; Contribution And Subrogation.

548.19 JOINT DEBTORS; CONTRIBUTION AND SUBROGATION.
When a judgment against two or more persons shall be enforced against or paid by one of them, or one of them shall pay more than a proper share as between that debtor and the other judgment debtors, the debtor may continue the judgment in force for the purpose of compelling contribution; and, if within ten days after such enforcement or payment, the debtor shall file with the court administrator a notice of the amount paid by or collected from the debtor in excess of the debtor's proper share, and of the debtor's claim for contribution, the administrator shall make a note thereof on the margin of the docket. Thereupon the judgment shall remain in effect in favor of the party filing such notice for the amount and against the party in such notice specified.
History:
(9410) RL s 4281; 1986 c 444; 1Sp1986 c 3 art 1 s 82
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 548 — Judgments › Section 548.20 — Several Judgments Against Joint Debtors.

548.20 SEVERAL JUDGMENTS AGAINST JOINT DEBTORS.
All parties to a joint obligation, including negotiable paper, copartnership debts, and all contracts upon which they are liable jointly, shall be severally liable also for the full amount thereof. They may be sued thereon jointly, or separate actions may be brought against each or any of them, and judgment rendered in each, without barring an action against any of those not included in such judgment, or releasing any of those not sued. The court, upon its own motion or on application of any interested party, may require the plaintiff to bring in as defendants all the parties jointly liable on the obligation in suit.
History:
(9411) RL s 4282
2023 Minnesota Statutes › Chapters 540 - 552 — Civil Procedure › Chapter 548 — Judgments › Section 548.21 — Discharge Of Joint Debtor.

548.21 DISCHARGE OF JOINT DEBTOR.
A creditor who has a debt, demand, or judgment against a copartnership, or several joint obligors, promisors, or debtors, may discharge one or more of such copartners, obligors, promisors, or debtors, without impairing the creditor's right to recover the residue of the debt or demand against the others, or preventing the enforcement of the proportionate share of any undischarged under such judgment. The discharge shall have the effect of a payment by the party discharged of the party's equal share of the debt, according to the number of debtors, aside from sureties. Such discharge shall not affect the liability of such copartners, obligors, promisors, or debtors to each other. In an action by the creditor to recover against those not discharged, the complaint shall set forth that the contract was made with the defendants and the party discharged, and that such party has been discharged.
History:
(9412) RL s 4283; 1986 c 444