2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 87. Fish and Wildlife › Chapter 6. Fish and Wildlife Criminal Provisions › Part 4. Hunting Offenses › 87-6-404. Unlawful use of dog while hunting

87-6-404. Unlawful use of dog while hunting.
(1) Except as provided in subsections (3) through (6), a person may not:
(a) chase any game animal or fur-bearing animal with a dog; or
(b) purposely, knowingly, or negligently permit a dog to chase, stalk, pursue, attack, or kill a hooved game animal. If the dog is not under the control of an adult at the time of the violation, the owner of the dog is personally responsible. A defense that the dog was allowed to run at large by another person is not allowable unless it is shown that at the time of the violation, the dog was running at large without the consent of the owner and that the owner took reasonable precautions to prevent the dog from running at large.
(2) Except as provided in subsection (3)(g), a peace officer, game warden, or other person authorized to enforce the Montana fish and game laws who witnesses a dog chasing, stalking, pursuing, attacking, or killing a hooved game animal may destroy that dog on public land or on private land at the request of the landowner without criminal or civil liability.
(3) A person may:
(a) take game birds during the appropriate open season with the aid of a dog;
(b) hunt mountain lions during the winter open season, as established by the commission, with the aid of a dog or dogs;
(c) hunt bobcats during the trapping season, as established by the commission, with the aid of a dog or dogs;
(d) subject to subsection (5), hunt black bears during the spring season with the aid of a dog or dogs as authorized by the commission;
(e) train bird hunting dogs pursuant to the requirements of 87-3-602;
(f) conduct field trials for bird hunting dogs pursuant to the requirements of 87-3-603 or on private land; and
(g) use trained or controlled dogs to chase or herd away game animals or fur-bearing animals to protect humans, lawns, gardens, livestock, or agricultural products, including growing crops and stored hay and grain. The dog may not be destroyed pursuant to subsection (2).
(4) A resident who possesses a Class D-3 resident hound training license may:
(a) pursue mountain lions and bobcats with a dog or dogs during a training season from December 2 of each year to April 14 of the following year; and
(b) pursue black bears with a dog or dogs during a training season from the end of the spring season for black bear through June 15 of that year as authorized by the commission.
(5) A nonresident who possesses a Class D-4 hound license may pursue mountain lions or black bears with a dog or dogs pursuant to 87-2-519.
(6) (a) A person with a valid hunting license issued pursuant to Title 87, chapter 2, may use a dog to track a wounded game animal during an appropriate open season. Any person using a dog in this manner:
(i) shall maintain physical control of the dog at all times by means of a maximum 50-foot lead attached to the dog's collar or harness;
(ii) during the general season, whether handling or accompanying the dog, shall wear hunter orange material pursuant to 87-6-414;
(iii) may carry any weapon allowed by law;
(iv) may dispose of the wounded game animal using any weapon allowed by the valid hunting license; and
(v) shall tag an animal that has been reduced to possession in accordance with 87-6-411.
(b) Dog handlers tracking a wounded game animal with a dog are exempt from licensing requirements under Title 87, chapter 2, as long as they are accompanied by the licensed hunter who wounded the game animal.
(7) A person who is convicted of or who forfeits bond or bail after being charged with a violation of this section shall be fined not less than $50 or more than $1,000 or be imprisoned in the county detention center for not more than 6 months, or both. In addition, the person, upon conviction or forfeiture of bond or bail, may be subject to forfeiture of any current hunting, fishing, or trapping license issued by this state and the privilege to hunt, fish, and trap in this state or to use state lands, as defined in 77-1-101, for recreational purposes for a period of time set by the court.
(8) A violation of this section may also result in an order to pay restitution pursuant to 87-6-905 through 87-6-907.
History: En. Sec. 36, Ch. 258, L. 2011; amd. Sec. 127, Ch. 258, L. 2011; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 149, L. 2015; amd. Sec. 6, Ch. 103, L. 2019; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 378, L. 2019; amd. Secs. 19, 30, Ch. 552, L. 2021.