2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 85. Water Use › Chapter 2. Surface Water and Ground Water › Part 4. Utilization of Water › 85-2-406. District court supervision of water distribution

85-2-406. District court supervision of water distribution.
(1) The district courts shall supervise the distribution of water among all appropriators. This supervisory authority includes the supervision of all water commissioners appointed prior or subsequent to July 1, 1973. The supervision must be governed by the principle that first in time is first in right.
(2) (a) A district court may order the distribution of water pursuant to a district court decree entered prior to July 1, 1973, until an enforceable decree is entered under part 2 of this chapter or the matter has been adjudicated under the procedure set forth in subsection (2)(b).
(b) When a water distribution controversy arises upon a source of water in which not all existing rights have been conclusively determined according to part 2 of this chapter, any party to the controversy may petition the district court to certify the matter to the chief water judge. If a certification request is made, the district court shall certify to the chief water judge the determination of the existing rights that are involved in the controversy according to part 2 of this chapter. The district court from which relief is sought shall retain exclusive jurisdiction to grant injunctive or other relief that is necessary and appropriate pending adjudication of the existing water rights certified to the water judge. Certified controversies must be given priority over all other adjudication matters. After determination of the matters certified, the water judge shall return the decision to the district court with a tabulation or list of the existing rights and their relative priorities.
(3) A controversy between appropriators from a source that has been the subject of a final decree under part 2 of this chapter must be settled by the district court. The order of the district court settling the controversy may not alter the existing rights and priorities established in the final decree except to the extent the court alters rights based upon abandonment, waste, or illegal enlargement or change of right. In cases involving permits issued by the department, the court may not amend the respective rights established in the permits or alter any terms of the permits unless the permits are inconsistent or interfere with rights and priorities established in the final decree. The order settling the controversy must be appended to the final decree, and a copy must be filed with the department. The department must be served with process in any proceeding under this subsection, and the department may, in its discretion, intervene in the proceeding.
(4) A temporary preliminary decree or preliminary decree or a portion of a temporary preliminary decree or preliminary decree as modified after objections and hearings is enforceable and administrable according to its terms. If an action to enforce a temporary preliminary decree or preliminary decree is commenced, the water judge shall upon referral from the district court establish, in a form determined to be appropriate by the water judge, one or more tabulations or lists of all existing rights and their relative priorities.
(5) A person whose existing rights and priorities are determined in a temporary preliminary decree or preliminary decree or a person exercising a suspension under 85-2-217 and part 7 of this chapter may appeal a determination made pursuant to subsection (2).
History: En. Sec. 32, Ch. 452, L. 1973; amd. Sec. 12, Ch. 485, L. 1975; R.C.M. 1947, 89-896; amd. Sec. 34, Ch. 697, L. 1979; amd. Sec. 6, Ch. 604, L. 1989; amd. Sec. 6, Ch. 174, L. 1997.