reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 3. Kinds of Ownership Interests › 70-1-307. Joint interest defined

70-1-307. Joint interest defined.
A joint interest is one owned by several persons in equal shares by a title created by a single will or transfer, when expressly declared in the will or transfer to be a joint tenancy or when granted or devised to executors or trustees as joint tenants.
History: En. Sec. 1105, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4438, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6680, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 683; Based on Field Civ. C. Sec. 176; re-en. Sec. 6680, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-308.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 3. Kinds of Ownership Interests › 70-1-308. Safe deposit box -- joint tenancy

70-1-308. Safe deposit box -- joint tenancy.
When so specified in the agreement granting for a term of time the right in two or more persons to use or occupy any safe or box, commonly referred to as a safe deposit vault or box for the safekeeping of valuables, such interest and estate created in the grantees shall be a joint tenancy in such vault or box and pass to the survivors and survivor upon the death of one or more of the joint tenants with right in such survivors and survivor to have access to and possession of such vault or box and the contents thereof under the terms of the agreement.
History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 62, L. 1939; R.C.M. 1947, 67-309.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 3. Kinds of Ownership Interests › 70-1-309. Repealed

70-1-309. Repealed.
Sec. 134, Ch. 494, L. 1993.
History: En. 67-308.1 by Sec. 1, Ch. 75, L. 1977; R.C.M. 1947, 67-308.1.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 3. Kinds of Ownership Interests › 70-1-310. Action by or against joint tenants or tenants in common

70-1-310. Action by or against joint tenants or tenants in common.
All persons holding as tenants in common, joint tenants, or any number less than all may jointly or severally commence or defend any civil action or proceeding for the enforcement or protection of the rights of that party. In all cases, one tenant in common or one joint tenant may sue a cotenant.
History: En. Sec. 21, p. 43, L. 1877; re-en. Sec. 21, 1st Div. Rev. Stat. 1879; re-en. Sec. 21, 1st Div. Comp. Stat. 1887; amd. Sec. 586, C. Civ. Proc. 1895; re-en. Sec. 6493, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 9085, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. C. Civ. Proc. Sec. 384; re-en. Sec. 9085, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 93-2823; amd. Sec. 2054, Ch. 56, L. 2009.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 3. Kinds of Ownership Interests › 70-1-311. Repealed

70-1-311. Repealed.
Sec. 315, Ch. 42, L. 1997.
History: En. Sec. 2, p. 454, Bannack Stat.; re-en. Sec. 2, p. 504, Cod. Stat. 1871; re-en. Sec. 771, 5th Div. Rev. Stat. 1879; re-en. Sec. 1285, 5th Div. Comp. Stat. 1887; amd. Sec. 592, C. Civ. Proc. 1895; en. Sec. 1, p. 134, L. 1899; re-en. Sec. 6499, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 9091, R.C.M. 1921; re-en. Sec. 9091, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 93-2829.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 3. Kinds of Ownership Interests › 70-1-312. Partnership interest defined

70-1-312. Partnership interest defined.
A partnership interest is one owned by several persons in partnership for partnership purposes.
History: En. Sec. 1106, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4439, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6681, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 684; Field Civ. C. Sec. 177; re-en. Sec. 6681, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-311.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 3. Kinds of Ownership Interests › 70-1-313. Interest in common defined

70-1-313. Interest in common defined.
An interest in common is one owned by several persons, not in joint ownership or partnership.
History: En. Sec. 1107, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4440, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6682, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 685; Field Civ. C. Sec. 178; re-en. Sec. 6682, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-312.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 3. Kinds of Ownership Interests › 70-1-314. Interest in common -- how created

70-1-314. Interest in common -- how created.
Every interest created in favor of several persons in their own right, including husband and wife, is an interest in common unless acquired by them in partnership for partnership purposes or unless declared in its creation to be a joint interest, as provided in 70-1-307.
History: En. Sec. 1108, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4441, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6683, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 686; Based on Field Civ. C. Sec. 179; re-en. Sec. 6683, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-313.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 3. Kinds of Ownership Interests › 70-1-315. Interest as to time of enjoyment

70-1-315. Interest as to time of enjoyment.
In respect to the time of enjoyment, an interest in property is either:
(1) present or future; and
(2) perpetual or limited.
History: En. Sec. 1109, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4442, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6684, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 688; Field Civ. C. Sec. 180; re-en. Sec. 6684, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-314.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 3. Kinds of Ownership Interests › 70-1-316. Present interest -- to what entitles owner

70-1-316. Present interest -- to what entitles owner.
A present interest entitles the owner to the immediate possession of the property.
History: En. Sec. 1110, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4443, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6685, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 689; Field Civ. C. Sec. 181; re-en. Sec. 6685, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-315.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 3. Kinds of Ownership Interests › 70-1-317. Future interest -- to what entitles owner

70-1-317. Future interest -- to what entitles owner.
A future interest entitles the owner to the possession of the property only at a future period.
History: En. Sec. 1111, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4444, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6686, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 690; Field Civ. C. Sec. 182; re-en. Sec. 6686, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-316.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 3. Kinds of Ownership Interests › 70-1-318. What future interests recognized

70-1-318. What future interests recognized.
No future interest in property is recognized by the law, except such as is defined in this code.
History: En. Sec. 1124, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4457, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6699, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 703; Field Civ. C. Sec. 195; re-en. Sec. 6699, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-329.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 3. Kinds of Ownership Interests › 70-1-319. Mere possibility not an interest

70-1-319. Mere possibility not an interest.
A mere possibility, such as the expectancy of an heir apparent, is not to be deemed an interest of any kind.
History: En. Sec. 1121, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4454, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6696, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 700; Field Civ. C. Sec. 192; re-en. Sec. 6696, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-326.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 3. Kinds of Ownership Interests › 70-1-320. Perpetual interest -- duration

70-1-320. Perpetual interest -- duration.
A perpetual interest has a duration equal to that of the property.
History: En. Sec. 1112, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4445, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6687, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 691; Field Civ. C. Sec. 183; re-en. Sec. 6687, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-317.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 3. Kinds of Ownership Interests › 70-1-321. Limited interest -- duration

70-1-321. Limited interest -- duration.
A limited interest has a duration of less than that of the property.
History: En. Sec. 1113, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4446, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6688, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 692; Field Civ. C. Sec. 184; re-en. Sec. 6688, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-318.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 3. Kinds of Ownership Interests › 70-1-322. Kinds of future interests

70-1-322. Kinds of future interests.
A future interest is either:
(1) vested; or
(2) contingent.
History: En. Sec. 1114, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4447, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6689, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 693; Field Civ. C. Sec. 185; re-en. Sec. 6689, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-319.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 3. Kinds of Ownership Interests › 70-1-323. Future interest -- when vested

70-1-323. Future interest -- when vested.
A future interest is vested when there is a person in being who would have a right, defeasible or indefeasible, to the immediate possession of the property upon the ceasing of the intermediate or precedent interest.
History: En. Sec. 1115, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4448, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6690, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 694; Field Civ. C. Sec. 186; re-en. Sec. 6690, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-320.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 3. Kinds of Ownership Interests › 70-1-324. Future interest -- when contingent

70-1-324. Future interest -- when contingent.
A future interest is contingent whilst the person in whom or the event upon which it is limited to take effect remains uncertain.
History: En. Sec. 1116, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4449, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6691, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 695; Field Civ. C. Sec. 187; re-en. Sec. 6691, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-321.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 3. Kinds of Ownership Interests › 70-1-325. Two or more alternative future interests

70-1-325. Two or more alternative future interests.
Two or more future interests may be created to take effect in the alternative so that if the first in order fails to vest, the next in succession shall be substituted for it and take effect accordingly.
History: En. Sec. 1117, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4450, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6692, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 696; Field Civ. C. Sec. 188; re-en. Sec. 6692, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-322.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 3. Kinds of Ownership Interests › 70-1-326. Future interests -- how passed

70-1-326. Future interests -- how passed.
Future interests pass by succession, will, and transfer in the same manner as present interests.
History: En. Sec. 1120, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4453, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6695, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 699; Field Civ. C. Sec. 191; re-en. Sec. 6695, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-325.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-401. Fixing time of enjoyment -- computation -- condition

70-1-401. Fixing time of enjoyment -- computation -- condition.
The time when the enjoyment of property is to begin or end may be determined by computation, or be made to depend on event. In the latter case, the enjoyment is said to be upon condition.
History: En. Sec. 1140, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4458, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6700, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 707; Field Civ. C. Sec. 196; re-en. Sec. 6700, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-401.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-402. Kinds of conditions

70-1-402. Kinds of conditions.
Conditions are precedent or subsequent. The former fix the beginning, the latter the ending, of the right.
History: En. Sec. 1141, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4459, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6701, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 708; Field Civ. C. Sec. 197; re-en. Sec. 6701, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-402.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-403. Condition precedent requiring wrongful act

70-1-403. Condition precedent requiring wrongful act.
If a condition precedent requires the performance of an act wrong of itself, the instrument containing it is so far void and the right cannot exist. If it requires the performance of an act not wrong of itself, but otherwise unlawful, the instrument takes effect and the condition is void.
History: En. Sec. 1142, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4460, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6702, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 709; Field Civ. C. Sec. 198; re-en. Sec. 6702, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-403.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-404. Conditions restraining marriage void

70-1-404. Conditions restraining marriage void.
Conditions imposing restraints upon marriage, except upon the marriage of a minor, are void, but this does not affect limitations where the intent was not to forbid marriage but only to give the use until marriage.
History: En. Sec. 1143, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4461, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6703, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 710; Based on Field Civ. C. Sec. 199; re-en. Sec. 6703, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-404.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-405. Conditions restraining alienation void

70-1-405. Conditions restraining alienation void.
Conditions restraining alienation, when repugnant to the interest created, are void.
History: En. Sec. 1144, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4462, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6704, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 711; Field Civ. C. Sec. 200; re-en. Sec. 6704, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-405.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-406. Repealed

70-1-406. Repealed.
Sec. 8, Ch. 250, L. 1989.
History: En. Sec. 1150, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4463, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6705, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 715; Based on Field Civ. C. Sec. 201; re-en. Sec. 6705, R.C.M. 1935; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 213, L. 1959; R.C.M. 1947, 67-406(a).
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-407. Repealed

70-1-407. Repealed.
Sec. 8, Ch. 250, L. 1989.
History: En. Sec. 1151, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4464, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6706, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 716; Field Civ. C. Sec. 202; re-en. Sec. 6706, R.C.M. 1935; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 213, L. 1959; R.C.M. 1947, 67-407(part).
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-408. Repealed

70-1-408. Repealed.
Sec. 8, Ch. 250, L. 1989.
History: En. Sec. 1150, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4463, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6705, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 715; Based on Field Civ. C. Sec. 201; re-en. Sec. 6705, R.C.M. 1935; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 213, L. 1959; R.C.M. 1947, 67-406(b); amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 338, L. 1979.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-409. Repealed

70-1-409. Repealed.
Sec. 8, Ch. 250, L. 1989.
History: En. Sec. 1151, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4464, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6706, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 716; Field Civ. C. Sec. 202; re-en. Sec. 6706, R.C.M. 1935; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 213, L. 1959; R.C.M. 1947, 67-407(part).
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-410. Repealed

70-1-410. Repealed.
Sec. 8, Ch. 250, L. 1989.
History: En. Sec. 1220, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4491, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6733, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 771; Field Civ. C. Sec. 228; re-en. Sec. 6733, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-512.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-411. Repealed

70-1-411. Repealed.
Sec. 8, Ch. 250, L. 1989.
History: En. Secs. 1, 2, Ch. 214, L. 1959; R.C.M. 1947, 67-423, 67-424.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-412. Repealed

70-1-412. Repealed.
Sec. 8, Ch. 250, L. 1989.
History: En. Sec. 1190, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4478, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6720, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 748; Field Civ. C. Sec. 215; re-en. Sec. 6720, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-421.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-413. Repealed

70-1-413. Repealed.
Sec. 8, Ch. 250, L. 1989.
History: En. Sec. 1160, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4467, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6709, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 722; Field Civ. C. Sec. 204; re-en. Sec. 6709, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-410.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-414. Repealed

70-1-414. Repealed.
Sec. 8, Ch. 250, L. 1989.
History: En. Sec. 1161, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4468, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6710, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 723; Field Civ. C. Sec. 205; re-en. Sec. 6710, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-411.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-415. Repealed

70-1-415. Repealed.
Sec. 8, Ch. 250, L. 1989.
History: En. Sec. 1162, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4469, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6711, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 724; Field Civ. C. Sec. 206; re-en. Sec. 6711, R.C.M. 1935; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 212, L. 1939; R.C.M. 1947, 67-412.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-416. Repealed

70-1-416. Repealed.
Sec. 8, Ch. 250, L. 1989.
History: En. Sec. 1163, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4470, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6712, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 725; Field Civ. C. Sec. 207; re-en. Sec. 6712, R.C.M. 1935; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 144, L. 1957; R.C.M. 1947, 67-413.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-417. Repealed

70-1-417. Repealed.
Sec. 8, Ch. 250, L. 1989.
History: En. Sec. 1164, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4471, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6713, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 726; Field Civ. C. Sec. 208; re-en. Sec. 6713, R.C.M. 1935; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 212, L. 1939; R.C.M. 1947, 67-414.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-418. Repealed

70-1-418. Repealed.
Sec. 8, Ch. 250, L. 1989.
History: En. Sec. 1171, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4473, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6715, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 733; Field Civ. C. Sec. 210; re-en. Sec. 6715, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-416.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-419. Future interest not void for improbable contingency

70-1-419. Future interest not void for improbable contingency.
A future interest is not void merely because of the improbability of the contingency on which it is limited to take effect.
History: En. Sec. 1118, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4451, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6693, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 697; Field Civ. C. Sec. 189; re-en. Sec. 6693, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-323.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-420. Future interest limited to class -- posthumous children

70-1-420. Future interest limited to class -- posthumous children.
When a future interest is limited to successors, heirs, issue, or children, posthumous children are entitled to take in the same manner as if living at the death of their parent.
History: En. Sec. 1119, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4452, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6694, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 698; Field Civ. C. Sec. 190; re-en. Sec. 6694, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-324.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-421. Future interest subject to defeat -- how -- not void

70-1-421. Future interest subject to defeat -- how -- not void.
A future interest may be defeated in any manner or by any act or means which the party creating such interest provided for or authorized in the creation thereof, nor is the future interest, thus liable to be defeated, to be on that ground adjudged void in its creation.
History: En. Sec. 1181, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4475, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6717, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 740; Field Civ. C. Sec. 212; re-en. Sec. 6717, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-418.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-422. Future interest contingent on death without children -- how defeated

70-1-422. Future interest contingent on death without children -- how defeated.
A future interest depending on the contingency of the death of any person without successors, heirs, issue, or children is defeated by the birth of a posthumous child of such person, capable of taking by succession.
History: En. Sec. 45, p. 486, Bannack Stat.; re-en. Sec. 45, p. 403, Cod. Stat. 1871; re-en. Sec. 222, 5th Div. Rev. Stat. 1879; re-en. Sec. 280, 5th Div. Comp. Stat. 1887; amd. Sec. 1180, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4474, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6716, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 739; Field Civ. C. Sec. 211; re-en. Sec. 6716, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-417.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-423. Future interest not defeated by destruction of other interest

70-1-423. Future interest not defeated by destruction of other interest.
No future interest can be defeated or barred by any alienation or other act of the owner of the intermediate or precedent interest or by destruction of such precedent interest by forfeiture, surrender, merger, or otherwise, except as provided by 70-1-424 or where a forfeiture is imposed by statute as a penalty for the violation thereof.
History: En. Sec. 1182, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4476, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6718, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 741; Field Civ. C. Sec. 213; re-en. Sec. 6718, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-419.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 4. Conditions and Limitations of Ownership › 70-1-424. Future contingent interest -- termination of precedent interest

70-1-424. Future contingent interest -- termination of precedent interest.
No future interest, valid in its creation, is defeated by the determination of the precedent interest before the happening of the contingency on which the future interest is limited to take effect, but should such contingency afterwards happen, the future interest takes effect in the same manner and to the same extent as if the precedent interest had continued to the same period.
History: En. Sec. 1183, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4477, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6719, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 742; Field Civ. C. Sec. 214; re-en. Sec. 6719, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-420.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 5. Transfer of Property Grants and Their Interpretation › 70-1-501. Transfer defined

70-1-501. Transfer defined.
Transfer is an act of the parties or of the law by which the title to property is conveyed from one living person to another.
History: En. Sec. 1430, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4588, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6835, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1039; Field Civ. C. Sec. 458; re-en. Sec. 6835, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-1501.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 5. Transfer of Property Grants and Their Interpretation › 70-1-502. Voluntary transfer -- applicability of contract rules

70-1-502. Voluntary transfer -- applicability of contract rules.
A voluntary transfer is an executed contract subject to all rules of law concerning contracts in general, except that a consideration is not necessary to its validity.
History: En. Sec. 1431, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4589, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6836, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1040; Field Civ. C. Sec. 459; re-en. Sec. 6836, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-1502.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 5. Transfer of Property Grants and Their Interpretation › 70-1-503. What may be transferred

70-1-503. What may be transferred.
Property of any kind may be transferred, except as otherwise provided by this part.
History: En. Sec. 1440, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4590, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6837, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1044; Field Civ. C. Sec. 460; re-en. Sec. 6837, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-1503.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 5. Transfer of Property Grants and Their Interpretation › 70-1-504. Possibility not transferable

70-1-504. Possibility not transferable.
A mere possibility not coupled with an interest cannot be transferred.
History: En. Sec. 1441, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4591, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6838, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1045; Field Civ. C. Sec. 461; re-en. Sec. 6838, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-1504.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 5. Transfer of Property Grants and Their Interpretation › 70-1-505. Right of reentry or repossession transferable

70-1-505. Right of reentry or repossession transferable.
A right of reentry or of repossession for breach of condition subsequent can be transferred.
History: En. Sec. 1442, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4592, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6839, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1046; Based on Field Civ. C. Sec. 462; re-en. Sec. 6839, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-1505.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 5. Transfer of Property Grants and Their Interpretation › 70-1-506. Oral transfer permitted

70-1-506. Oral transfer permitted.
A transfer may be made without writing in every case in which a writing is not expressly required by statute.
History: En. Sec. 1450, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4594, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6841, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1052; Field Civ. C. Sec. 463; re-en. Sec. 6841, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-1507.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 5. Transfer of Property Grants and Their Interpretation › 70-1-507. Grant defined

70-1-507. Grant defined.
A transfer in writing is called a grant or conveyance or bill of sale. The term "grant", in this part, includes all these instruments unless it is specially applied to real property.
History: En. Sec. 1451, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4595, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6842, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1053; re-en. Sec. 6842, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-1508.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 5. Transfer of Property Grants and Their Interpretation › 70-1-508. Delivery of grant necessary

70-1-508. Delivery of grant necessary.
A grant takes effect so as to vest the interest intended to be transferred only upon its delivery by the grantor.
History: En. Sec. 1452, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4596, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6843, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1054; Field Civ. C. Sec. 465; re-en. Sec. 6843, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-1509.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 5. Transfer of Property Grants and Their Interpretation › 70-1-509. Presumption of delivery

70-1-509. Presumption of delivery.
A grant duly executed is presumed to have been delivered at its date.
History: En. Sec. 1453, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4597, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6844, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1055; Field Civ. C. Sec. 466; re-en. Sec. 6844, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-1510.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 5. Transfer of Property Grants and Their Interpretation › 70-1-510. Delivery to grantee necessarily absolute

70-1-510. Delivery to grantee necessarily absolute.
A grant cannot be delivered to the grantee conditionally. Delivery to the grantee or to the grantee's agent is necessarily absolute, and the instrument takes effect upon delivery, discharged of any condition on which the delivery is made.
History: En. Sec. 1454, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4598, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6845, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1056; Field Civ. C. Sec. 467; re-en. Sec. 6845, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-1511; amd. Sec. 2055, Ch. 56, L. 2009.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 5. Transfer of Property Grants and Their Interpretation › 70-1-511. Delivery in escrow

70-1-511. Delivery in escrow.
A grant may be deposited by the grantor with a third person, to be delivered on performance of a condition, and on delivery by the depositary, it will take effect. While in the possession of the third person and subject to condition, it is called an escrow.
History: En. Sec. 1455, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4599, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6846, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1057; Based on Field Civ. C. Sec. 468; re-en. Sec. 6846, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-1512.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 5. Transfer of Property Grants and Their Interpretation › 70-1-512. Constructive delivery

70-1-512. Constructive delivery.
Though a grant is not actually delivered into the possession of the grantee, it is considered constructively delivered in the following cases:
(1) when the instrument is, by the agreement of the parties at the time of execution, understood to be delivered and under circumstances that the grantee is entitled to immediate delivery; or
(2) when it is delivered to a stranger for the benefit of the grantee and the grantee's assent is shown or may be presumed.
History: En. Sec. 1457, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4601, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6848, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1059; Field Civ. C. Sec. 470; re-en. Sec. 6848, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-1514; amd. Sec. 2056, Ch. 56, L. 2009.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 5. Transfer of Property Grants and Their Interpretation › 70-1-513. Grants -- how interpreted generally

70-1-513. Grants -- how interpreted generally.
Grants are to be interpreted in like manner with contracts in general, except so far as is otherwise provided in this part.
History: En. Sec. 1470, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4602, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6849, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1066; Field Civ. C. Sec. 472; re-en. Sec. 6849, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-1515.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 5. Transfer of Property Grants and Their Interpretation › 70-1-514. Clear limitation not controlled by other words

70-1-514. Clear limitation not controlled by other words.
A clear and distinct limitation in a grant is not controlled by other words less clear and distinct.
History: En. Sec. 1471, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4603, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6850, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1067; Field Civ. C. Sec. 473; re-en. Sec. 6850, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-1516.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 5. Transfer of Property Grants and Their Interpretation › 70-1-515. Recitals -- when resorted to

70-1-515. Recitals -- when resorted to.
If the operative words of a grant are doubtful, recourse may be had to its recitals to assist the construction.
History: En. Sec. 1472, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4604, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6851, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1068; Field Civ. C. Sec. 474; re-en. Sec. 6851, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-1517.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 5. Transfer of Property Grants and Their Interpretation › 70-1-516. Interpretation against grantor -- exception

70-1-516. Interpretation against grantor -- exception.
A grant is to be interpreted in favor of the grantee, except that a reservation in any grant and every grant by a public officer or body, as such, to a private party is to be interpreted in favor of the grantor.
History: En. Sec. 1473, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4605, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6852, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1069; Field Civ. C. Sec. 475; re-en. Sec. 6852, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-1518.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 5. Transfer of Property Grants and Their Interpretation › 70-1-517. Irreconcilable provisions

70-1-517. Irreconcilable provisions.
If several parts of a grant are absolutely irreconcilable, the former part prevails.
History: En. Sec. 1474, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4606, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6853, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1070; Field Civ. C. Sec. 476; re-en. Sec. 6853, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-1519.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 5. Transfer of Property Grants and Their Interpretation › 70-1-518. Meaning of heirs and issue in certain remainders

70-1-518. Meaning of heirs and issue in certain remainders.
When a future interest is limited by a grant to take effect on the death of any person without heirs or heirs of the person's body or without issue or in equivalent words, the words must be taken to mean successors or issue living at the death of the person named as ancestor.
History: En. Sec. 44, p. 486, Bannack Stat.; re-en. Sec. 44, p. 403, Cod. Stat. 1871; re-en. Sec. 221, 5th Div. Rev. Stat. 1879; re-en. Sec. 279, 5th Div. Comp. Stat. 1887; amd. Sec. 1475, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4607, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6854, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1071; Field Civ. C. Sec. 477; re-en. Sec. 6854, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-1520; amd. Sec. 2057, Ch. 56, L. 2009.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 5. Transfer of Property Grants and Their Interpretation › 70-1-519. Transfer vests title

70-1-519. Transfer vests title.
A transfer vests in the transferee all the actual title to the thing transferred which the transferor then has unless a different intention is expressed or is necessarily implied.
History: En. Sec. 1490, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4609, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6856, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1083; Based on Field Civ. C. Sec. 479; re-en. Sec. 6856, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-1522.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 5. Transfer of Property Grants and Their Interpretation › 70-1-520. Transfer of incidents

70-1-520. Transfer of incidents.
The transfer of a thing transfers also all its incidents unless expressly excepted, but the transfer of an incident to a thing does not transfer the thing itself.
History: En. Sec. 1491, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4610, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6857, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1084; Field Civ. C. Sec. 481; re-en. Sec. 6857, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-1523.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 5. Transfer of Property Grants and Their Interpretation › 70-1-521. Grant may inure to benefit of stranger

70-1-521. Grant may inure to benefit of stranger.
Except as provided in 70-1-522, a present interest and the benefit of a condition or covenant respecting property may be taken by any natural person under a grant although not named a party to the grant.
History: En. Sec. 1492, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4611, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6858, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1805; Field Civ. C. Sec. 482; re-en. Sec. 6858, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-1524; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 307, L. 2009.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 5. Transfer of Property Grants and Their Interpretation › 70-1-522. Certain restrictions on political free speech contrary to public policy -- enforcement prohibited -- definitions

70-1-522. Certain restrictions on political free speech contrary to public policy -- enforcement prohibited -- definitions.
(1) A person, homeowners' association, property owners' association, corporation, or other private entity may not, as a condition of property ownership within the jurisdiction of the private entity or by other means, prohibit the placement of a sign advocating the election, appointment, or defeat of a candidate for public office or the passage or defeat of a ballot issue on:
(a) property belonging to individual or joint property owners who authorize the placement of the sign; or
(b) common areas in which an owner owns an undivided interest.
(2) A person, homeowners' association, property owners' association, corporation, or other private entity may impose limits on the size of signs allowed to be displayed within the jurisdiction of the private entity and may regulate the location of sign placement and the time period during which signs may be displayed.
(3) An ordinance, covenant, contract term, or other provision, whether agreed to or not between the homeowners' association, property owners' association, corporation, or other private entity and the owner or tenant, is contrary to the public policy of this state. A court may not enforce the terms of an ordinance, covenant, contract term, or other provision that is contrary to public policy under this section.
(4) As used in this section, "ballot issue" and "candidate" have the meanings provided in 13-1-101.
History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 307, L. 2009.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 6. Rentals -- Hiring (Repealed) › 70-1-601. Repealed

70-1-601. Repealed.
Sec. 230, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
History: En. Sec. 2600, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 5215, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 7730, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1925; Field Civ. C. Sec. 979; re-en. Sec. 7730, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 42-101.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 6. Rentals -- Hiring (Repealed) › 70-1-602. Repealed

70-1-602. Repealed.
Sec. 230, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
History: En. Sec. 2602, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 5217, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 7732, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1927; Field Civ. C. Sec. 981; re-en. Sec. 7732, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 42-103.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 6. Rentals -- Hiring (Repealed) › 70-1-603. Repealed

70-1-603. Repealed.
Sec. 230, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
History: En. Sec. 2601, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 5216, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 7731, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1926; Field Civ. C. Sec. 980; re-en. Sec. 7731, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 42-102.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 6. Rentals -- Hiring (Repealed) › 70-1-604. Repealed

70-1-604. Repealed.
Sec. 230, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
History: En. Sec. 2603, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 5218, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 7733, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1928; Field Civ. C. Sec. 982; re-en. Sec. 7733, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 42-104.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 6. Rentals -- Hiring (Repealed) › 70-1-605. Repealed

70-1-605. Repealed.
Sec. 230, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
History: En. Sec. 2604, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 5219, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 7734, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1929; Field Civ. C. Sec. 983; re-en. Sec. 7734, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 42-105.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 6. Rentals -- Hiring (Repealed) › 70-1-606. Repealed

70-1-606. Repealed.
Sec. 230, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
History: En. Sec. 2605, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 5220, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 7735, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1930; Field Civ. C. Sec. 984; re-en. Sec. 7735, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 42-106.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 6. Rentals -- Hiring (Repealed) › 70-1-607. Repealed

70-1-607. Repealed.
Sec. 230, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
History: En. Sec. 2608, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 5223, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 7738, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1933; Field Civ. C. Sec. 987; re-en. Sec. 7738, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 42-109.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 6. Rentals -- Hiring (Repealed) › 70-1-608. Repealed

70-1-608. Repealed.
Sec. 230, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
History: En. Sec. 2609, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 5224, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 7739, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1934; Field Civ. C. Sec. 988; re-en. Sec. 7739, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 42-110.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 6. Rentals -- Hiring (Repealed) › 70-1-609. Repealed

70-1-609. Repealed.
Sec. 230, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
History: En. Sec. 2606, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 5221, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 7736, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1931; Field Civ. C. Sec. 985; re-en. Sec. 7736, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 42-107.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 6. Rentals -- Hiring (Repealed) › 70-1-610. Repealed

70-1-610. Repealed.
Sec. 230, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
History: En. Sec. 2607, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 5222, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 7737, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1932; Field Civ. C. Sec. 986; re-en. Sec. 7737, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 42-108.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 6. Rentals -- Hiring (Repealed) › 70-1-611. Repealed

70-1-611. Repealed.
Sec. 230, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
History: En. Sec. 2610, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 5225, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 7740, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1935; Field Civ. C. Sec. 989; re-en. Sec. 7740, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 42-111.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 7. Gifts and Devises to Estates › 70-1-701. Purpose

70-1-701. Purpose.
It is the purpose of this part to declare that a gift or devise may be made to the estate of a named or otherwise designated person and that a power to appoint to the estate of such a person may be created and exercised in order to ensure that persons who make inter vivos or testamentary conveyances that are subject to the law of Montana can effectively use forms of conveyances that are commonly used in other states to qualify for the federal estate and gift tax marital deductions.
History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 376, L. 1979.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 7. Gifts and Devises to Estates › 70-1-702. Estate defined

70-1-702. Estate defined.
The word "estate" as used in this part means persons who may take interests in property.
History: En. Sec. 4, Ch. 376, L. 1979.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 7. Gifts and Devises to Estates › 70-1-703. Conveyances to an estate

70-1-703. Conveyances to an estate.
Unless a contrary intention appears, a devise, as defined in 72-1-103, or an inter vivos conveyance of a property interest to the estate of a named or otherwise designated person passes the interest as if the interest had been owned by that person. The interest may pass to the heirs of that person, may be used to satisfy devises made in that person's will, or may be used to satisfy claims for debts or taxes.
History: En. Sec. 2, Ch. 376, L. 1979; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 494, L. 1993.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 1. Property in General Real and Personal › Part 7. Gifts and Devises to Estates › 70-1-704. Repealed

70-1-704. Repealed.
Sec. 40, Ch. 293, L. 2015.
History: En. Sec. 3, Ch. 376, L. 1979; amd. Sec. 2058, Ch. 56, L. 2009.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 2. Personal Property -- Special Kinds Quiet Title and Partition › Part 1. Special Kinds › 70-2-101. Thing in action defined

70-2-101. Thing in action defined.
A thing in action is a right to recover money or other personal property by a judicial proceeding.
History: En. Sec. 1350, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4557, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6804, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 953; Based on Field Civ. C. Sec. 366; re-en. Sec. 6804, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-1102.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 2. Personal Property -- Special Kinds Quiet Title and Partition › Part 1. Special Kinds › 70-2-102. Transfer and succession

70-2-102. Transfer and succession.
A thing in action arising out of the violation of a right of property or out of an obligation may be transferred by the owner. Upon the death of the owner, it passes to the owner's personal representatives except when in the cases provided in this title it passes to the owner's devisees or successor in office.
History: En. Sec. 1351, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4558, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6805, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 954; Field Civ. C. Sec. 367; re-en. Sec. 6805, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-1103; amd. Sec. 2059, Ch. 56, L. 2009.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 2. Personal Property -- Special Kinds Quiet Title and Partition › Part 1. Special Kinds › 70-2-111. Wild animals

70-2-111. Wild animals.
Animals wild by nature are the subjects of ownership, while living, only when on the land of the person claiming them or when tamed or taken or held in the possession or disabled and immediately pursued.
History: En. Sec. 1072, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4423, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 6665, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 656; Field Civ. C. Sec. 161; re-en. Sec. 6665, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-203.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 2. Personal Property -- Special Kinds Quiet Title and Partition › Part 1. Special Kinds › 70-2-112. Repealed

70-2-112. Repealed.
Sec. 2, Ch. 355, L. 1987.
History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 97, L. 1933; re-en. Sec. 6665.1, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 67-204.
2023 Montana Code Annotated › Title 70. Property › Chapter 2. Personal Property -- Special Kinds Quiet Title and Partition › Part 1. Special Kinds › 70-2-113. Repealed

70-2-113. Repealed.
Sec. 2, Ch. 355, L. 1987.
History: En. Sec. 2, Ch. 97, L. 1933; re-en. Sec. 6665.2, R.C.M. 1935; amd. Sec. 196, Ch. 310, L. 1974; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 10, L. 1977; R.C.M. 1947, 67-205; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 277, L. 1983.