reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 21 - Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road › Subtitle 12 - Operation of Bicycles and Play Vehicles › Section 21-1211.1 - Foot Racing Events

(a)    When the State Highway Administration or a local authority approves a foot racing event on a highway or a highway bridge under its respective jurisdiction, foot racing shall be lawful.
(b)    The State Highway Administration or a local authority may approve a foot racing event only under conditions that:
(1)    Provide reasonable safety for race participants, spectators, and other highway or highway bridge users; and
(2)    Prevent unreasonable interference with traffic flow that would seriously inconvenience other highway or highway bridge users.
(c)    If traffic control adequately assures the safety of participants, spectators, and other highway or highway bridge users, the State Highway Administration or a local authority may exempt participants in an approved foot racing event from compliance with other provisions of the Maryland Vehicle Law that otherwise would be applicable to the participants in the foot racing event.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 21 - Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road › Subtitle 12 - Operation of Bicycles and Play Vehicles › Section 21-1212 - Copies or Summaries of Laws and Regulations

The Administration shall publish copies or summaries of the regulations and laws of this State that regulate the operation of bicycles and make them available, on request and without cost, to every dealer engaged in the retail sale of bicycles in this State. These dealers shall provide a copy to each person who buys a bicycle.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 21 - Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road › Subtitle 13 - Operation of Motorcycles › Section 21-1301 - Traffic Laws Apply to Persons Operating Motorcycles

Every person operating a motorcycle has all the rights granted to and is subject to all the duties required of the driver of any other vehicle under this title, except:
(1)    As otherwise provided in this title; and
(2)    For those provisions of this title that by their very nature cannot apply.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 21 - Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road › Subtitle 13 - Operation of Motorcycles › Section 21-1302 - Riding on Motorcycles

(a)    The operator of a motorcycle may ride the motorcycle only on the permanent and regular seat attached to it.
(b)    The operator of a motorcycle may not carry any other person unless the motorcycle is designed to carry more than one person, in which event a passenger may ride on the permanent and regular seat, if designed for two persons, or on another seat firmly attached to the motorcycle at the rear or side of the operator.
(c)    A person other than the operator of a motorcycle may not ride on a motorcycle unless the motorcycle is designed to carry more than one person, in which event a passenger may ride on the permanent and regular seat, if designed for 2 persons, or on another seat firmly attached to the motorcycle at the rear or side of the operator.
(d)    A person may ride on a motorcycle operated under a Class M driver’s license only while sitting astride the seat, facing forward, with one leg on each side of the motorcycle.
(e)    A person may not operate a motorcycle while carrying any package, bundle, or other article that prevents the person from keeping both hands on the steering mechanism.
(f)    The operator of a motorcycle may not carry any person in a position that interferes with the operation or control of the motorcycle or the view of the operator.
(g)    A person other than the operator of a motorcycle may not ride in a position that interferes with the operation or control of the motorcycle or the view of the operator.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 21 - Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road › Subtitle 13 - Operation of Motorcycles › Section 21-1303 - Operating on Laned Roadways

(a)    (1)    On any roadway that is divided into two or more clearly marked lanes for vehicular traffic, the following rules, in addition to any others consistent with them apply.
(2)    Subsections (c) and (d) of this section do not apply to police officers in the performance of their official duties.
(b)    (1)    This subsection does not apply to motorcycles operated two abreast in a single lane.
(2)    Every motorcycle is entitled to the full use of a lane, and a motor vehicle may not be driven in any manner that deprives any motorcycle of the full use of a lane.
(c)    The operator of a motorcycle may not overtake and pass in the same lane occupied by the vehicle being overtaken.
(d)    A person may not operate a motorcycle between lanes of traffic or between adjacent lines or rows of vehicles.
(e)    Motorcycles may not be operated more than two abreast in a single lane.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 21 - Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road › Subtitle 13 - Operation of Motorcycles › Section 21-1303.1 - Restrictions; Requirements

(a)    Notwithstanding any other provisions of this title, a person may not operate a motorcycle that has a motor with a rating of 1.5 brake horsepower or less, or a capacity of less than 70 cubic centimeters piston displacement:
(1)    On a roadway where the posted maximum speed limit is more than 50 miles per hour; or
(2)    On any expressway or other controlled access highway.
(b)    (1)    Prior to the sale of such vehicle, any dealer or agent or employee of a dealer, any vehicle salesman, or other person who sells a motorcycle as defined in this subsection shall inform the buyer of the operating restrictions imposed by this section.
(2)    The Administration may provide a warning of the operating restrictions imposed by this subsection.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 21 - Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road › Subtitle 13 - Operation of Motorcycles › Section 21-1305 - Footrests and Handlebars

(a)    If any motorcycle carries a passenger other than in a sidecar or enclosed cab, the motorcycle shall be equipped with footrests for the passenger.
(b)    A person may not operate any motorcycle with handlebars more than 20 inches in height above the part of the seat occupied by the operator.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 21 - Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road › Subtitle 13 - Operation of Motorcycles › Section 21-1306 - Equipment for Riders -- Motorcycles

(a)    This section does not apply to any person riding in an enclosed cab.
(b)    An individual may not operate or ride on a motorcycle unless the individual is wearing protective headgear that meets the standards established by the Administrator.
(c)    A person may not operate a motorcycle unless:
(1)    He is wearing an eye-protective device of a type approved by the Administrator; or
(2)    The motorcycle is equipped with a windscreen.
(d)    The Administrator:
(1)    May approve or disapprove protective headgear and eye-protective devices required by this section;
(2)    May adopt and enforce regulations establishing standards and specifications for the approval of protective headgear and eye-protective devices; and
(3)    Shall publish lists of all protective headgear and eye-protective devices that he approves, by name and type.
(e)    (1)    The failure of an individual to wear protective headgear required under subsection (b) of this section may not:
(i)    Be considered evidence of negligence;
(ii)    Be considered evidence of contributory negligence;
(iii)    Limit liability of a party or an insurer; or
(iv)    Diminish recovery for damages arising out of the ownership, maintenance, or operation of a motorcycle.
(2)    Subject to the provisions of paragraph (3) of this subsection, a party, witness, or counsel may not make reference to protective headgear during a trial of a civil action that involves property damage, personal injury, or death if the damage, injury, or death is not related to the design, manufacture, supplying, or repair of protective headgear.
(3)    (i)    Nothing contained in this subsection may be construed to prohibit the right of a person to institute a civil action for damages against a dealer, manufacturer, distributor, factory branch, or other appropriate entity or person arising out of an incident that involves protective headgear alleged to be defectively designed, manufactured, or repaired.
(ii)    In a civil action described under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph in which 2 or more parties are named as joint tort-feasors, interpleaded as defendants, or impleaded as defendants, and at least 1 of the joint tort-feasors or defendants is not involved in the design, manufacture, supplying, or repair of protective headgear, a court shall order on a motion of any party separate trials to accomplish the ends of justice.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 21 - Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road › Subtitle 13 - Operation of Motorcycles › Section 21-1306.1 - Equipment for Riders -- Mopeds and Motor Scooters

(a)    This section does not apply to any individual riding in an enclosed cab.
(b)    An individual may not operate or ride on a moped or motor scooter unless the individual is wearing protective headgear that meets the standards provided under 49 C.F.R. § 571.218.
(c)    An individual may not operate a moped or motor scooter unless:
(1)    The individual is wearing an eye–protective device of a type approved by the Administrator; or
(2)    The moped or motor scooter is equipped with a windscreen.
(d)    The Administrator:
(1)    May approve or disapprove protective headgear and eye–protective devices required by this section;
(2)    May adopt and enforce regulations establishing standards and specifications for the approval of protective headgear and eye–protective devices; and
(3)    Shall publish lists of all protective headgear and eye–protective devices that the Administrator approves, by name and type.
(e)    (1)    The failure of an individual to wear protective headgear required under subsection (b) of this section may not:
(i)    Be considered evidence of negligence;
(ii)    Be considered evidence of contributory negligence;
(iii)    Limit liability of a party or an insurer; or
(iv)    Diminish recovery for damages arising out of the ownership, maintenance, or operation of a moped or motor scooter.
(2)    Subject to the provisions of paragraph (3) of this subsection, a party, witness, or counsel may not make reference to protective headgear during a trial of a civil action that involves property damage, personal injury, or death if the damage, injury, or death is not related to the design, manufacture, supplying, or repair of protective headgear.
(3)    (i)    Nothing contained in this subsection may be construed to prohibit the right of a person to institute a civil action for damages against a dealer, manufacturer, distributor, factory branch, or other appropriate entity or person arising out of an incident that involves protective headgear alleged to be defectively designed, manufactured, or repaired.
(ii)    In a civil action described under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph in which two or more parties are named as joint tort–feasors, interpleaded as defendants, or impleaded as defendants, and at least one of the joint tort–feasors or defendants is not involved in the design, manufacture, supplying, or repair of protective headgear, a court shall order on a motion of any party separate trials to accomplish the ends of justice.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 21 - Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road › Subtitle 14 - Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities › Section 21-1401 - Definitions

(a)    In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)    “Approach” means any roadway, overhead structure, ramp, bridge, causeway, entrance, and exit provided as a means of access to or departure from an Authority highway.
(c)    “Authority highway” means:
(1)    Each highway, tunnel, and bridge within the jurisdiction of the Maryland Transportation Authority; and
(2)    Each approach to these highways, tunnels, and bridges.
(d)    “Bridge” means any bridge within the jurisdiction of the Maryland Transportation Authority.
(e)    “Tunnel” means:
(1)    The Baltimore Harbor Tunnel; and
(2)    Any other tunnel within the jurisdiction of the Maryland Transportation Authority.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 21 - Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road › Subtitle 14 - Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities › Section 21-1404 - Traffic to Comply With Signs, Orders, Etc

(a)    Traffic using any Authority highway shall obey any lawful sign.
(b)    Traffic using any Authority highway shall obey any lawful order of any authorized employee of the Authority highway.
(c)    Traffic using any Authority highway shall obey any lawful signal of any authorized employee of the Authority highway.
(d)    Traffic using any Authority highway shall obey any lawful direction by voice, sign, or hand of any authorized employee of the Authority highway.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 21 - Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road › Subtitle 14 - Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities › Section 21-1405 - Pedestrians and Bicycles Prohibited

(a)    Unless authorized by the Chairman of the Maryland Transportation Authority, pedestrians may not use any Authority highway.
(b)    Unless authorized by the Chairman of the Maryland Transportation Authority, bicycles may not use any Authority highway.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 21 - Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road › Subtitle 14 - Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities › Section 21-1407 - Stopping, Standing, or Parking Prohibited; Exceptions

(a)    The driver of a vehicle may not stop, stand, or park the vehicle on any Authority highway, except:
(1)    If necessary to avoid injury or damage to any person or property;
(2)    In compliance with the lawful direction of an authorized employee of the Authority highway;
(3)    At a designated area for the transaction of business at an Administration building; or
(4)    If the vehicle is disabled or involved in an accident, in which case the vehicle shall be moved, if possible:
(i)    To the shoulder of the roadway;
(ii)    Adjacent to the emergency walkway on a bridge; or
(iii)    As otherwise directed by a patrol officer.
(b)    Notwithstanding § 25–201(b) of this article, the Maryland Transportation Authority may adopt regulations governing the removal of vehicles left unattended for 12 or more hours on any Authority highway.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 21 - Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road › Subtitle 14 - Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities › Section 21-1408 - Prohibited Turns

(a)    Except at the lawful direction of an authorized employee of the Authority highway, a vehicular turn may not be made in any area where turns are prohibited by signs.
(b)    Except at the lawful direction of an authorized employee of the Authority highway, a vehicular turn may not be made at crossovers provided for emergency vehicles.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 21 - Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road › Subtitle 14 - Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities › Section 21-1411 - Transportation of Hazardous Materials

(a)    Except as allowed by the rules and regulations of the Maryland Transportation Authority and to the extent allowed by federal law, a person may not transport or knowingly cause to be transported any of the following hazardous materials across or through any Authority highway:
(1)    Combustible liquids;
(2)    Compressed gases;
(3)    Corrosive liquids;
(4)    Explosives;
(5)    Flammable liquids;
(6)    Flammable solids;
(7)    Oxidizing materials;
(8)    Poisonous articles; or
(9)    Radioactive materials.
(b)    The provisions of § 22–409 of this article shall apply to the transportation of any permitted hazardous material across or through any Authority highway.
(c)    To secure and preserve life and property, the Maryland Transportation Authority may adopt rules and regulations to carry out the provisions of subsection (a) of this section.
(d)    A person convicted of a violation of this section is subject to:
(1)    For a first offense, imprisonment not exceeding 6 months or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both; and
(2)    For a second or subsequent offense, imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $2,000 or both.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 21 - Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road › Subtitle 14 - Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities › Section 21-1412 - Special Provisions for Tunnels

(a)    Except at the direction of authorized personnel, vehicular traffic may not cross the double white lines that designate the vehicular traffic lanes in a tunnel.
(b)    Except at the direction of authorized personnel, trucks and slow moving vehicles may be driven only in the right lane of a tunnel.
(c)    The driver of a vehicle may not sound his horn or flash his headlights in a tunnel.
(d)    While in a tunnel, a person may not use any cutout or other device that allows exhaust gases to escape a motor without passing through a muffler or silencer.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 21 - Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road › Subtitle 14 - Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities › Section 21-1413 - Failure or Refusal to Pay Toll

(a)    A person may not fail or refuse to pay the prescribed toll at any Authority highway for which the payment of a toll is fixed.
(b)    A person may not attempt to evade the payment of the toll at any Authority highway for which the payment of a toll is fixed.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 21 - Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road › Subtitle 14 - Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities › Section 21-1415 - Reciprocal Enforcement of Toll Violations Between Jurisdictions

(a)    The Maryland Transportation Authority in consultation with the Administrator may enter into an agreement with another jurisdiction that provides for reciprocal enforcement of toll violations between the State and the other jurisdiction.
(b)    An agreement made under this section shall provide that drivers and vehicles licensed in the State, while operating on the highways of another jurisdiction, shall receive benefits, privileges, and exemptions of a similar kind with regard to toll enforcement as are extended to drivers and vehicles licensed or registered in the other jurisdiction while operated in the State.
(c)    A reciprocal agreement under this section may provide for enforcement of toll violations by refusal or suspension of the registration of a motor vehicle in accordance with § 21–1414 of this subtitle.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 21 - Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road › Subtitle 14 - Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities › Section 21-1416 - Reporting of Transponder Theft and Unauthorized Charges on E-Zpass Account

(a)    (1)    In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.
(2)    “Authority” means the Maryland Transportation Authority.
(3)    “E–ZPass account” means a financial relationship between the Authority and a person who agrees to abide by the terms and conditions established for the electronic collection of tolls.
(4)    “Transponder” means a device that is designed to transmit information used to collect tolls and is associated with a particular account.
(b)    A holder of an E–ZPass account may:
(1)    Report a theft of a transponder associated with the E–ZPass account to a local law enforcement agency and the Authority within 2 weeks of the first account statement after the theft; and
(2)    Identify any unauthorized charges to the holder’s E–ZPass account and report the unauthorized charges to the Authority for verification.
(c)    A holder of an E–ZPass account who reports the theft of a transponder in accordance with this section is not responsible for unauthorized toll charges:
(1)    If the Authority:
(i)    Identifies the individual who unlawfully used the transponder; and
(ii)    Collects the proper toll charges from the individual; or
(2)    Incurred after the date the theft was reported to the Authority.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 21 - Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road › Subtitle 14 - Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities › Section 21-1417 - Dispute of E-Zpass Charges and Fees for the Use of Maryland Toll Facility

// EFFECTIVE UNTIL JUNE 30, 2023 PER CHAPTER 555 OF 2022 //
(a)    (1)    In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.
(2)    “Authority” has the meaning stated in § 21–1416 of this subtitle.
(3)    “E–ZPass account” has the meaning stated in § 21–1416 of this subtitle.
(b)    (1)    The Authority shall require any person who applies to establish an E–ZPass account to agree to abide by terms and conditions established by the Authority for the electronic collection of tolls.
(2)    The terms and conditions for E–ZPass accounts shall allow a person to dispute any charge or fee for the use of a Maryland toll facility within at least 1 year after the charge or fee is posted to the person’s E–ZPass account.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 22 - Vehicle Laws -- Equipment of Vehicles › Subtitle 1 - Scope and Effect of Equipment Provisions › Section 22-101 - Driving With Improper Equipment Prohibited

(a)    (1)    A person may not drive and the owner may not cause or knowingly permit to be driven on any highway any vehicle or combination of vehicles that:
(i)    Is in such unsafe condition as to endanger any person;
(ii)    Does not contain those parts or is not at all times equipped with lamps and other equipment in proper condition and adjustment as required in this title; or
(iii)    Is equipped in any manner in violation of this title.
(2)    A person may not do any act forbidden or fail to do any act required under this title.
(b)    (1)    Nothing contained in this title shall be construed to prohibit the use of additional parts and accessories on any vehicle not inconsistent with the provisions of this title.
(2)    A person may not operate work equipment that is added to a vehicle for a designated purpose other than driving the vehicle on a highway while the vehicle is being driven on a highway unless the vehicle is being used to conduct authorized work on the highway.
(3)    A person may not operate on a vehicle equipment that is intended for off–road use while the vehicle is being driven on a highway.
(c)    A person may not display for sale, sell, offer for sale, or deliver for use in, on, or as a part of any motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, or pole trailer, any headlamp, auxiliary or fog lamp, rear lamp, warning lamp, reflector, glazing material, hydraulic brake fluid, brake lining, antifreeze, seat belt, shoulder harness, or seat belt and shoulder harness assembly, or any other item of equipment or device, including eye-protective devices and protective helmets, required to be approved by the Administrator, unless the device is of a type that has been submitted to the Administrator or his authorized agent and has been approved by him.
(d)    A person may not display for sale, sell, offer for sale, or deliver for use in, on, or as a part of any motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, or pole trailer, any device required to be approved by the Administrator, unless the device bears on it or, where applicable, on the container in which it is sold, the trademark or name under which it has been approved.
(e)    (1)    The provisions of this title with respect to equipment on vehicles do not apply to farm equipment, road machinery, road rollers, farm tractors, mopeds, or motor scooters, except as made applicable in this title.
(2)    (i)    Subject to subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, this title does not apply to low speed vehicles.
(ii)    1.    A low speed vehicle shall comply with federal standards under 49 C.F.R. 571.500.
2.    The Administration may adopt regulations that require equipment for low speed vehicles in addition to equipment required under federal law.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 22 - Vehicle Laws -- Equipment of Vehicles › Subtitle 1 - Scope and Effect of Equipment Provisions › Section 22-102 - Authority of Administrator

(a)    The Administrator may approve or disapprove any lighting device or other motor vehicle safety equipment components or assemblies of a type for which approval is specifically required in this title, within a reasonable time after approval has been requested. The approvals may be based on consultations with the Automotive Safety Enforcement Division of the Department of State Police.
(b)    The Administrator may set up the procedure to be followed when requests for approval of any lighting device or other motor vehicle safety equipment component or assembly is submitted. The procedures may provide for submission of these devices, components, or assemblies to the Automotive Safety Enforcement Division of the Department of State Police.
(c)    When the Administrator has reason to believe that a device approved under this title is being sold commercially and does not comply with the applicable standards for the device, the Administrator may, after giving 30 days’ previous notice to the person who has received the approval for the device, conduct a hearing on the question of compliance of the approved device. After the hearing, the Administrator shall determine whether the devices being sold meet the requirements for approval. If the devices do not meet these requirements, the Administrator shall give notice to the person who has received the previous approval.
(d)    If, at the expiration of 30 days after this notice, the person who has received the approval of the device has failed to satisfy the Administrator that the devices being sold meet the requirements for approval, the Administrator shall suspend or revoke the approval issued for the device until the device is resubmitted to and tested by an independent testing laboratory approved by the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators and is found to meet the applicable standards. The Administrator may require that all of these devices sold since the notification following the hearing be replaced by devices that do comply. The Administrator may, at the time of retest, purchase on the open market and submit for retesting one or more sets of these approved devices, and, if the device on retest fails to meet the approval requirements, the Administrator shall revoke or refuse to renew the approval of the device.
(e)    Notwithstanding any other provision of the Maryland Vehicle Law, the Administrator may adopt any motor vehicle safety standard prescribed by the Secretary of the United States Department of Transportation under 49 U.S.C. § 30111.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 22 - Vehicle Laws -- Equipment of Vehicles › Subtitle 1 - Scope and Effect of Equipment Provisions › Section 22-103 - Program of Market Surveillance; Notice to Seller of Unapproved Device

(a)    In order to assure that required devices displayed for sale, sold, offered for sale, or delivered for use in, on, or as a part of the equipment of a motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, or pole trailer are of a type approved by the Administrator, the Administration may maintain a program of market surveillance.
(b)    On discovery of unapproved devices being sold, offered for sale, displayed for sale, or being delivered for use on any of the vehicles described in § 22-101(c) of this subtitle, notice shall be given that the seller, jobber, or wholesaler is in violation of § 22-101 and that these unapproved devices may not be sold, displayed for sale, or delivered for use on any of the vehicles described in § 22-101(c) and that any such sale, offer for sale, display for sale, or delivery for use of any unapproved devices is a violation of this title.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 22 - Vehicle Laws -- Equipment of Vehicles › Subtitle 1 - Scope and Effect of Equipment Provisions › Section 22-104 - Unlawful to Remove or Alter Safety Device or Equipment

A person may not willfully or intentionally remove or alter any safety device or equipment that has been placed on any motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, or pole trailer in compliance with any law, rule, regulation, or requirement of any officer or agency of the United States or of this State, if it is intended that the vehicle be operated on highways in this State, unless the removal or alteration is permitted by rule or regulation adopted by the Administrator.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 22 - Vehicle Laws -- Equipment of Vehicles › Subtitle 1 - Scope and Effect of Equipment Provisions › Section 22-105 - Alterations Reducing Effectiveness of Bumpers

(a)    (1)    If any Class A (passenger) vehicle, any Class E truck with a manufacturer’s rating or registered gross vehicle weight of 18,000 pounds or less, or any Class M (multipurpose) vehicle has been altered in any manner that would reduce the effectiveness of its bumpers or suspension or render the vehicle dangerous in the event of a single vehicle accident or a collision with another vehicle, it may not be operated on any highway in this State.
(2)    Nothing in this section may be construed to exempt a vehicle from the application of paragraph (1) of this subsection solely because the vehicle is in compliance with the provisions of subsection (b) of this section.
(b)    A person may not operate a vehicle on any highway in the State if, as a result of post-manufacture alterations, the height of the vehicle’s frame side rails or either of the vehicle’s bumpers exceeds:
(1)    In the case of a Class A (passenger) vehicle, 20 inches;
(2)    In the case of a Class M (multipurpose) vehicle, 28 inches;
(3)    In the case of a Class E truck with a manufacturer’s rating or registered gross vehicle weight of 10,000 pounds or less, 28 inches; or
(4)    In the case of a Class E truck with a manufacturer’s rating or registered gross vehicle weight of more than 10,000 pounds but not more than 18,000 pounds:
(i)    30 inches; or
(ii)    If the truck is used for spraying agricultural crops, 32 inches.
(c)    The Administration and the Automotive Safety Enforcement Division of the Department of State Police jointly shall adopt regulations relating to bumpers, frame side rails, and vehicle suspensions as necessary to implement and enforce the provisions of this section.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 22 - Vehicle Laws -- Equipment of Vehicles › Subtitle 1 - Scope and Effect of Equipment Provisions › Section 22-106 - "Police Officer" Defined

(a)    In this title, “police officer” means:
(1)    Any uniformed police officer; or
(2)    Any civilian employee of the Department of State Police or of the Maryland Transportation Authority Police Force assigned to enforce this title or any rule or regulation adopted under this title, but only while acting under written authorization of the Secretary of State Police.
(b)    (1)    Subject to the provisions of paragraph (2) of this subsection, any police officer shall have the authority to enforce this title and any rule or regulation adopted under it.
(2)    A civilian employee of the Maryland Transportation Authority Police Force shall have the authority stated in paragraph (1) of this subsection only if the individual is:
(i)    Acting under the immediate direction and control of a uniformed police officer; and
(ii)    Certified by the Department of State Police to enforce this title and any rule or regulation adopted under it.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 22 - Vehicle Laws -- Equipment of Vehicles › Subtitle 2 - Lamps and Other Lighting Equipment › Section 22-201 - "Service Vehicles" Defined

In this subtitle, “service vehicles” means any of the following vehicles that are designated by the Administration as service vehicles:
(1)    Vehicles of federal, State, or local agencies;
(2)    Vehicles of public service companies; and
(3)    Vehicles of persons performing governmental functions under a contract with any federal, State, or local government.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 22 - Vehicle Laws -- Equipment of Vehicles › Subtitle 2 - Lamps and Other Lighting Equipment › Section 22-201.1 - When Lighted Lamps Are Required

Every vehicle on a highway in this State, at any time when, due to insufficient light or unfavorable atmospheric conditions, persons and vehicles on the highway are not clearly discernible at a distance of 1,000 feet ahead, shall display lighted lamps and illuminating devices as respectively required in this subtitle for different classes of vehicles, subject to exceptions with respect to parked vehicles, and further that stoplights, turn signals, and other signaling devices shall be lighted as prescribed for the use of these devices.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 22 - Vehicle Laws -- Equipment of Vehicles › Subtitle 2 - Lamps and Other Lighting Equipment › Section 22-201.2 - Use of Headlights When Windshield Wipers Are Operated

(a)    Notwithstanding any other provision of this subtitle, if a driver of a vehicle on a highway operates the vehicle’s windshield wipers for a continuous period of time because of impaired visibility resulting from unfavorable atmospheric conditions, the driver shall light the vehicle’s headlamps.
(b)    A violation of this section is not considered a moving violation for purposes of § 16–402 of this article.
(c)    (1)    If a person is convicted under this section, the conviction may not:
(i)    Be considered evidence of negligence;
(ii)    Be considered evidence of contributory negligence;
(iii)    Limit liability of a party or an insurer; or
(iv)    Diminish recovery for damages arising out of the ownership, maintenance, or operation of a motor vehicle.
(2)    Subject to the provisions of paragraph (3) of this subsection, a party, witness, or counsel may not make reference to a violation of this section.
(3)    Nothing contained in this subsection may be construed to prohibit the right of a person to institute a civil action for damages against a dealer, manufacturer, distributor, factory branch, or other appropriate entity arising out of an incident that involves a defectively installed or defectively operating headlamp.
(d)    A person who is convicted of a violation of subsection (a) of this section is subject to a fine not to exceed $25.
(e)    A police officer may enforce the provisions of this section only as a secondary action when the police officer detains a driver of a motor vehicle for a suspected violation of another provision of the Code.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 22 - Vehicle Laws -- Equipment of Vehicles › Subtitle 2 - Lamps and Other Lighting Equipment › Section 22-202 - Visibility Distance; Measuring Mounted Height of Lamps

(a)    Whenever a requirement is declared in this subtitle as to distance from which certain lamps and devices shall render objects visible or within which the lamps or devices shall be visible, the requirement applies during the times stated in § 22-201.1 of this subtitle in respect to a vehicle without a load when on a straight, level, unlighted highway under normal atmospheric conditions, unless a different time or condition is expressly stated.
(b)    Whenever a requirement is declared in this subtitle as to the mounted height of lamps or devices, it means from the center of the lamp or device to the level ground on which the vehicle stands when the vehicle is without a load.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 22 - Vehicle Laws -- Equipment of Vehicles › Subtitle 2 - Lamps and Other Lighting Equipment › Section 22-203 - Headlamps on Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles

(a)    In this section, the term “motorcycle” includes Class M (multipurpose) vehicles that are designated by the Administrator.
(b)    Every motor vehicle, other than a motorcycle, shall be equipped with at least two headlamps with at least one on each side of the front of the motor vehicle, which headlamps shall emit white light and comply with the requirements and limitations set forth in this title.
(c)    (1)    Every motorcycle shall be equipped with at least one and not more than two headlamps that comply with the requirements and limitations of this title.
(2)    A headlamp on a motorcycle may modulate either the upper beam or the lower beam from its maximum intensity to a lesser intensity, consistent with federal motor vehicle safety standards.
(d)    Every headlamp on every motor vehicle, including every motorcycle, shall be located at a height of not more than 54 inches nor less than 22 inches.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 22 - Vehicle Laws -- Equipment of Vehicles › Subtitle 2 - Lamps and Other Lighting Equipment › Section 22-204 - Tail Lamps; Illumination of Rear Registration Plate

(a)    Except as otherwise provided in this section, after June 1, 1971, every motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, and pole trailer, and any other vehicle that is being drawn at the end of a combination of vehicles, shall be equipped with at least 2 tail lamps mounted on the rear, which, when lighted as required in § 22-201.1 of this subtitle, shall emit a red light plainly visible from a distance of 1,000 feet to the rear.
(b)    Every motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, and pole trailer, and any other vehicle that is being drawn at the end of a combination of vehicles, and that was manufactured or assembled before June 1, 1971, shall have at least 1 tail lamp mounted on the rear which, when lighted as required in § 22-201.1 of this subtitle, shall emit a red light plainly visible from a distance of at least 300 feet to the rear.
(c)    On a combination of vehicles, only the tail lamps on the rearmost vehicle need actually be seen from the distance specified in subsections (a) and (b) of this section.
(d)    On vehicles equipped with more than 1 tail lamp, the lamps shall be mounted on the same level and as widely spaced laterally as practicable.
(e)    Every tail lamp on every vehicle shall be located at a height of not more than 72 inches nor less than 20 inches.
(f)    Either a tail lamp or a separate lamp shall be constructed and placed to illuminate, with a white light, the rear registration plate and render it clearly legible from a distance of 50 feet to the rear. Any tail lamp or tail lamps, together with any separate lamp or lamps for illuminating the rear registration plate, shall be wired to be lighted whenever the head lamps or auxiliary driving lamps are lighted.
(g)    Notwithstanding any provision of this section to the contrary, special mobile equipment that is being drawn at the end of a combination of vehicles is not required to be equipped with tail lamps unless:
(1)    The special mobile equipment obstructs the tail lamps, stop lamps, turn signals, or, except for the registration plate lamp, any lamps of the towing vehicle required by law to be visible from the rear; or
(2)    The special mobile equipment extends more than 12 feet from the rear of the towing vehicle.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 22 - Vehicle Laws -- Equipment of Vehicles › Subtitle 2 - Lamps and Other Lighting Equipment › Section 22-205 - Reflectors

(a)    (1)    After July 1, 1971, every motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, and pole trailer, and any special mobile equipment being towed, shall carry on the rear, either as part of the tail lamps or separately, two or more red reflectors meeting the requirements of this section, except that:
(i)    Motorcycles shall carry at least one reflector; and
(ii)    Vehicles of the types mentioned in § 22-208 of this subtitle shall be equipped with reflectors meeting the requirements of §§ 22-210 and 22-211(a) and (b) of this subtitle.
(2)    Before this date every vehicle, trailer, or semitrailer, including devices moved by muscular power, shall carry on the rear at least one reflector, and after this date, every vehicle mentioned in this paragraph that is not mentioned in paragraph (1) of this subsection shall carry on the rear at least one reflector.
(b)    Every reflector shall be mounted on the vehicle at a height of not more than 60 inches nor less than 15 inches and shall be of such size and characteristics and so mounted as to be visible at night from all distances within 600 feet to 100 feet from the vehicle when directly in front of lawful upper beams of headlamps, except that visibility from a greater distance is hereinafter required of reflectors on certain types of vehicles. When two reflectors are required they shall be as widely spaced laterally as practicable.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 22 - Vehicle Laws -- Equipment of Vehicles › Subtitle 2 - Lamps and Other Lighting Equipment › Section 22-206 - Stop Lamps and Turn Signals

(a)    Every motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, and pole trailer shall be equipped with at least one stop lamp meeting the requirements of § 22–219(a) of this subtitle, and the following vehicles shall meet the following additional requirements:
(1)    (i)    Every motor vehicle, other than a motorcycle, registered in this State and sold as a new vehicle after June 1, 1967, shall be equipped with at least two stop lamps;
(ii)    Every passenger vehicle manufactured on or after September 1, 1985, shall be equipped with a red center high mount stop lamp mounted with its center on the vertical centerline of the vehicle as the vehicle is viewed from the rear; and
(iii)    Every pickup truck, van, and sport utility vehicle manufactured on or after September 1, 1993, shall be equipped with a red center high mount stop lamp mounted with its center on the vertical centerline of the vehicle as the vehicle is viewed from the rear; and
(2)    After July 1, 1971, every trailer, semitrailer, and pole trailer shall be equipped with at least two stop lamps.
(b)    Every motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, and pole trailer registered in this State and sold as a new vehicle after June 1, 1961, shall be equipped with electric turn signal lamps meeting the requirements of § 22–219(b) through (h) of this subtitle, except that:
(1)    Motorcycles manufactured before January 1, 1973, need not be equipped with electric turn signal lamps; and
(2)    The requirements of this section apply only to those trailers, semitrailers, and pole trailers that are registered in this State and sold as new vehicles on or after July 1, 1971.
(c)    Any special mobile equipment that is being towed shall be equipped with at least 2 stop lamps that meet the requirements of § 22-219(a) of this subtitle and electric turn signals that meet the requirements of § 22-219(b) of this subtitle if the special mobile equipment:
(1)    Obstructs the tail lamps, stop lamps, turn signals, or except for the registration plate lamp, any lamp of the towing vehicle required by law to be visible from the rear; or
(2)    Extends more than 12 feet from the rear of the towing vehicle.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 22 - Vehicle Laws -- Equipment of Vehicles › Subtitle 2 - Lamps and Other Lighting Equipment › Section 22-209 - Color of Clearance Lamps, Identification Lamps, Side Marker Lamps, Backup Lamps, and Reflectors

(a)    Front clearance lamps, identification lamps, and those marker lamps and reflectors mounted on the front or on the side near the front of a vehicle shall display or reflect an amber color.
(b)    Rear clearance lamps, identification lamps, and those marker lamps and reflectors mounted on the rear or on the sides near the rear of a vehicle shall display or reflect a red color.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 22 - Vehicle Laws -- Equipment of Vehicles › Subtitle 2 - Lamps and Other Lighting Equipment › Section 22-210 - Mounting of Reflectors, Clearance Lamps, and Side Marker Lamps

(a)    Reflectors required by § 22-208 of this subtitle shall be mounted at a height of not more than 60 inches nor less than 15 inches above the ground on which the vehicle stands. However, if the highest part of the permanent structure of the vehicle is less than 15 inches, the reflector at that point shall be mounted as high as that part of the permanent structure will permit.
(b)    The rear reflectors on a pole trailer may be mounted on each side of the bolster or load.
(c)    Any required red reflector on the rear of a vehicle may be incorporated with the tail lamp, but the reflector shall meet all the other reflector requirements of this title.
(d)    Clearance lamps shall be mounted so as to indicate the extreme width of the motor vehicle, not including mirrors, and as near the top of the vehicle as practicable.
(e)    When rear identification lamps are mounted at the extreme height of the vehicle, rear clearance lamps may be mounted at an optional height.
(f)    When mounting of front clearance lamps at the highest point of a trailer results in those lamps failing to mark the extreme width of the trailer, they may be mounted at an optional height, but must indicate the extreme width of the trailer.
(g)    Clearance lamps on truck tractors shall be so located as to indicate the extreme width of the truck tractor cab.
(h)    Clearance lamps and side marker lamps may be mounted in combination if illumination is given as required in this subtitle with reference to both. However, no clearance lamp may be combined with any tail lamp or identification lamp.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 22 - Vehicle Laws -- Equipment of Vehicles › Subtitle 2 - Lamps and Other Lighting Equipment › Section 22-211 - Visibility Requirements for Reflectors, Clearance Lamps, Identification Lamps, and Marker Lamps

(a)    Every reflector on any vehicle referred to in § 22-208 of this subtitle shall be of such size and characteristics and so maintained as to be readily visible at nighttime from all distances within 600 feet to 100 feet from the vehicle when directly in front of lawful upper beams of headlamps.
(b)    Reflectors required to be mounted on the sides of the vehicle shall reflect the required color of light to the sides, and those mounted on the rear shall reflect a red color to the rear.
(c)    Front and rear clearance lamps and identification lamps shall be capable of being seen and distinguished under normal atmospheric conditions, at the times lights are required, at all distances between 500 and 50 feet from the front and rear, respectively, of the vehicle.
(d)    Side marker lamps shall be capable of being seen and distinguished under normal atmospheric conditions, at the times lights are required, at all distances between 500 and 50 feet from the side of the vehicle on which they are mounted.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Transportation › Title 22 - Vehicle Laws -- Equipment of Vehicles › Subtitle 2 - Lamps and Other Lighting Equipment › Section 22-212 - Obstructed Lamps Not Required to Be Lighted

Whenever motor and other vehicles are operated in combination during the time that lights are required, any lamp (except tail lamps) that, by reason of its location on a vehicle of the combination, would be obscured by another vehicle of the combination, need not be lighted. However, this does not affect the requirement that lighted clearance lamps be displayed on the front of the foremost vehicle required to have clearance lamps, nor that all lights required on the rear of the rearmost vehicle of any combination be lighted.