reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 11 - Reimbursement for Costs of Emergency Response, Containment, Cleanup, and Abatement -- Volunteer Fire Companies, Rescue Squads, or Ambulance Companies › Section 3-1102 - Responsibility of Motor Carrier

A motor carrier is responsible for the expense of an emergency response, containment, cleanup, and abatement of a spill of hazardous materials in a traffic accident by a volunteer fire department, volunteer rescue squad, volunteer ambulance company, or the individual members of the department, squad, or company if the motor carrier:
(1)    Transports a hazardous material in commerce on a highway in the State; and
(2)    Is at fault and causes a traffic accident in the State that results in:
(i)    A spill or discharge involving hazardous materials; and
(ii)    An emergency response, containment, cleanup, and abatement by the volunteer fire department, volunteer rescue squad, or volunteer ambulance company.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 11 - Reimbursement for Costs of Emergency Response, Containment, Cleanup, and Abatement -- Volunteer Fire Companies, Rescue Squads, or Ambulance Companies › Section 3-1102.1 - Responsibility of Person at Fault

A person in control who is at fault is responsible for the expense of an emergency response, containment, cleanup, and abatement of a release or threatened release of hazardous materials at a fixed facility by a volunteer fire company, or the individual members of the volunteer fire company.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 11 - Reimbursement for Costs of Emergency Response, Containment, Cleanup, and Abatement -- Volunteer Fire Companies, Rescue Squads, or Ambulance Companies › Section 3-1103 - Negotiations and Actions for Reimbursement

(a)    (1)    A motor carrier that is at fault and causes a traffic accident that results in a spill or discharge of hazardous materials shall negotiate in good faith to reimburse a volunteer fire company for the expense of an emergency response, containment, cleanup, and abatement involving the hazardous materials in the traffic accident.
(2)    A person in control of a fixed facility who is at fault and who is involved in a release or threatened release of hazardous materials shall negotiate in good faith to reimburse a volunteer fire company for the expense of an emergency response, containment, cleanup, and abatement involving the hazardous materials in the release or threatened release.
(b)    (1)    If the negotiations under subsection (a)(1) of this section do not resolve the dispute to the satisfaction of the parties, a volunteer fire company may file suit against the motor carrier in a court of competent jurisdiction in the State.
(2)    If the negotiations under subsection (a)(2) of this section do not resolve the dispute to the satisfaction of the parties, a volunteer fire company may file suit against the person in control in a court of competent jurisdiction in the State.
(c)    At the request of a volunteer fire company, a local jurisdiction may file suit under this subtitle on behalf of the volunteer fire company.
(d)    If a volunteer fire company is awarded damages under this subtitle, the court may also award reasonable attorney’s fees.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 11 - Reimbursement for Costs of Emergency Response, Containment, Cleanup, and Abatement -- Volunteer Fire Companies, Rescue Squads, or Ambulance Companies › Section 3-1104 - Purchase of Personal Protective Equipment or Chemicals

(a)    If a county or municipality purchased any personal protective equipment or chemicals for the use of a volunteer fire company, volunteer rescue squad, or volunteer ambulance company, any reimbursement under this subtitle for the expense of an emergency response, containment, cleanup, and abatement shall be paid to the county or municipality that supplied the equipment or chemicals.
(b)    If a volunteer fire company, volunteer rescue squad, or volunteer ambulance company purchases any personal protective equipment or chemicals for the use of the volunteer fire company, volunteer rescue squad, or volunteer ambulance company, any reimbursement under this subtitle for the expense of an emergency response, containment, cleanup, and abatement shall be paid to the volunteer fire company, volunteer rescue squad, or volunteer ambulance company that supplies the equipment or chemicals.
(c)    If an individual who works for a volunteer fire company, volunteer rescue squad, or volunteer ambulance company paid for the individual’s personal protective equipment, then the individual shall receive any reimbursement obtained under this subtitle.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 11 - Reimbursement for Costs of Emergency Response, Containment, Cleanup, and Abatement -- Volunteer Fire Companies, Rescue Squads, or Ambulance Companies › Section 3-1105 - Liability or Immunity of Volunteer Fire Company or Rescue Squad or Personnel

This subtitle does not affect any liability or immunity of a volunteer fire company, a volunteer rescue squad, or the personnel of a volunteer fire company or volunteer rescue squad under § 5-604 of this article.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 11 - Reimbursement for Costs of Emergency Response, Containment, Cleanup, and Abatement -- Volunteer Fire Companies, Rescue Squads, or Ambulance Companies › Section 3-1106 - Farm Vehicles

(a)    In this section, “farm vehicle” has the meaning stated in § 13-911 of the Transportation Article.
(b)    This subtitle does not apply to a release of hazardous materials from a farm vehicle that is involved in a traffic accident.
(c)    This section does not abrogate any statutory or common law right or cause of action of a person against the owner or operator of a farm vehicle that has been involved in a traffic accident involving a release of hazardous materials.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 11 - Reimbursement for Costs of Emergency Response, Containment, Cleanup, and Abatement -- Volunteer Fire Companies, Rescue Squads, or Ambulance Companies › Section 3-1107 - Scope of Subtitle

This subtitle does not abrogate any statutory or common law right or cause of action of a person against:
(1)    A motor carrier that has been involved in a traffic accident involving a release of hazardous materials; or
(2)    A person in control of a fixed facility involved in a release or threatened release of hazardous materials.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 11 - Reimbursement for Costs of Emergency Response, Containment, Cleanup, and Abatement -- Volunteer Fire Companies, Rescue Squads, or Ambulance Companies › Section 3-1108 - Volunteer Fire Company

(a)    If a volunteer fire company attempts but is not able to provide for the emergency response, containment, cleanup, and abatement of a spill of hazardous materials in a traffic accident, the incident commander at the scene of the traffic accident may request assistance from any other person, partnership, firm, association, corporation, or other entity that is experienced in the emergency response, containment, cleanup, and abatement of a spill of hazardous materials in a traffic accident.
(b)    Subject to a written memorandum of agreement between the Department of the Environment and the fire company, any costs incurred under subsection (a) of this section may be reimbursed from the State Hazardous Substance Control Fund under § 7-221 of the Environment Article.
(c)    Any expenditure from the State Hazardous Substance Control Fund made in accordance with the provisions of this section shall be reimbursed to the Department by the person responsible for the release as provided under § 7-221 of the Environment Article.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 12 - Reimbursement for Costs of Emergency Response, Containment, Cleanup, and Abatement -- Paid Fire Companies and Rescue Squads › Section 3-1202 - Responsibility of Motor Carrier

A motor carrier is responsible for the expense of an emergency response, containment, cleanup, and abatement by a paid fire department if the motor carrier:
(1)    Transports a hazardous material in commerce on a highway in the State; and
(2)    Is at fault and causes a traffic accident in the State that results in:
(i)    A spill or discharge of hazardous materials; and
(ii)    An emergency response, containment, cleanup, and abatement by the paid fire department.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 12 - Reimbursement for Costs of Emergency Response, Containment, Cleanup, and Abatement -- Paid Fire Companies and Rescue Squads › Section 3-1202.1 - Responsibility of Person at Fault

A person in control who is at fault is responsible for the expense of an emergency response, containment, cleanup, and abatement of a release or threatened release of hazardous materials at a fixed facility by a paid fire department.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 12 - Reimbursement for Costs of Emergency Response, Containment, Cleanup, and Abatement -- Paid Fire Companies and Rescue Squads › Section 3-1203 - Negotiations and Actions for Reimbursement

(a)    (1)    A motor carrier that is at fault and causes a traffic accident that results in a spill or discharge of hazardous materials shall negotiate in good faith to reimburse a paid fire department for the expense of an emergency response, containment, cleanup, and abatement involving the hazardous materials in the traffic accident.
(2)    A person in control of a fixed facility who is at fault and who is involved in a release or threatened release of hazardous materials shall negotiate in good faith to reimburse a paid fire department for the expense of an emergency response, containment, cleanup, and abatement involving the hazardous materials in the release or threatened release.
(b)    (1)    If the negotiations under subsection (a)(1) of this section do not resolve the dispute to the satisfaction of the parties, a paid fire department may file suit against the motor carrier in a court of competent jurisdiction in the State.
(2)    If the negotiations under subsection (a)(2) of this section do not resolve the dispute to the satisfaction of the parties, a paid fire department may file suit against the person in control in a court of competent jurisdiction in the State.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 12 - Reimbursement for Costs of Emergency Response, Containment, Cleanup, and Abatement -- Paid Fire Companies and Rescue Squads › Section 3-1204 - Liability or Immunity of Paid Fire Company, Rescue Squad, or Personnel

This subtitle does not affect any liability or immunity of a paid fire company, a paid rescue squad, or the personnel of a paid fire company or paid rescue squad under § 5-604 of this article.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 12 - Reimbursement for Costs of Emergency Response, Containment, Cleanup, and Abatement -- Paid Fire Companies and Rescue Squads › Section 3-1205 - Farm Vehicles

(a)    In this section, “farm vehicle” has the meaning stated in § 13-911 of the Transportation Article.
(b)    This subtitle does not apply to a release of hazardous materials from a farm vehicle that is involved in a traffic accident.
(c)    This section does not abrogate any statutory or common law right or cause of action of a person against the owner or operator of a farm vehicle that has been involved in a traffic accident involving a release of hazardous materials.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 12 - Reimbursement for Costs of Emergency Response, Containment, Cleanup, and Abatement -- Paid Fire Companies and Rescue Squads › Section 3-1206 - Scope of Subtitle

This subtitle does not abrogate any statutory or common law right or cause of action of a person against:
(1)    A motor carrier that has been involved in a traffic accident involving a release of hazardous materials; or
(2)    A person in control of a fixed facility involved in a release or threatened release of hazardous materials.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 12 - Reimbursement for Costs of Emergency Response, Containment, Cleanup, and Abatement -- Paid Fire Companies and Rescue Squads › Section 3-1207 - Paid Fire Company

(a)    If a paid fire company attempts but is not able to provide for the emergency response, containment, cleanup, and abatement of a spill of hazardous materials in a traffic accident, the incident commander at the scene of the traffic accident may request assistance from any other person, partnership, firm, association, corporation, or other entity that is experienced in the emergency response, containment, cleanup, and abatement of a spill of hazardous materials in a traffic accident.
(b)    Subject to a written memorandum of agreement between the Department of the Environment and the fire company, any costs incurred under subsection (a) of this section may be reimbursed from the State Hazardous Substance Control Fund under § 7-221 of the Environment Article.
(c)    Any expenditure from the State Hazardous Substance Control Fund made in accordance with the provisions of this section shall be reimbursed to the Department by the person responsible for the release as provided under § 7-221 of the Environment Article.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 13 - Remedies for Shoplifting and Employee Theft › Section 3-1301 - Definitions

(a)    In this subtitle the following terms have the meanings indicated.
(b)    “Employee theft” means the theft of any merchandise from a mercantile establishment by an employee, agent, or contractor of the mercantile establishment.
(c)    “Mercantile establishment” means any place where merchandise is displayed, held, or offered for sale, either at retail or wholesale.
(d)    “Merchandise” means any goods, wares, commodity, money, or other personal property located on the premises of a mercantile establishment.
(e)    “Merchant” means the owner or operator of a mercantile establishment.
(f)    “Responsible person” means:
(1)    Any individual, whether an adult or a minor, who commits or attempts to commit an act of shoplifting or employee theft; and
(2)    The parents or legal guardians of an unemancipated minor who commits or attempts to commit an act of shoplifting or employee theft.
(g)    “Shoplift” means any 1 or more of the following acts committed by a person without the consent of the merchant and with the purpose or intent of appropriating merchandise to that person’s own use without payment, obtaining merchandise at less than its stated sales price, or otherwise depriving a merchant of all or any part of the value or use of merchandise:
(1)    Removing any merchandise from its immediate place of display or from any other place on the premises of the mercantile establishment;
(2)    Obtaining or attempting to obtain possession of any merchandise by charging that merchandise to another person without the authority of that person or by charging that merchandise to a fictitious person;
(3)    Concealing any merchandise;
(4)    Substituting, altering, removing, or disfiguring any label or price tag;
(5)    Transferring any merchandise from a container in which that merchandise is displayed or packaged to any other container; or
(6)    Disarming any alarm tag attached to any merchandise.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 13 - Remedies for Shoplifting and Employee Theft › Section 3-1302 - Civil Liabilities

A responsible person is civilly liable to the merchant:
(1)    To restore the merchandise to the merchant or, if the merchandise is not recoverable, has been damaged, or otherwise has lost all or part of its value, to pay the merchant an amount equal to the merchant’s stated sales price for the merchandise; and
(2)    To pay the merchant for any other actual damages sustained by the merchant, not including the loss of time or wages incurred in connection with the apprehension or prosecution of the shoplifter or employee.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 13 - Remedies for Shoplifting and Employee Theft › Section 3-1304 - Immunity

A responsible person who complies fully with an initial demand letter or a second demand letter on or before the date specified in that demand letter may not incur any further civil liability to the merchant for damages arising out of the act of shoplifting or employee theft that was the subject of the demand letter.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 13 - Remedies for Shoplifting and Employee Theft › Section 3-1305 - Civil Action by Merchant

(a)    If the second demand letter is returned unclaimed to the merchant or if full payment is not otherwise received by the merchant on or before the date specified in the second demand letter, the merchant may file a civil action to recover the damages provided for in § 3–1302 of this subtitle, together with court costs and reasonable attorney’s fees.
(b)    In a civil action brought under this subtitle, the merchant shall submit proof to the court that the merchant complied with all requirements under § 3–1303 of this subtitle concerning demand letters.
(c)    If the merchant prevails in a civil action brought under this subtitle, the merchant shall also be entitled to an award of court costs and reasonable attorney’s fees, to be assessed without regard to the ability of the responsible person to pay.
(d)    If the responsible person prevails in a civil action brought under this subtitle, the responsible person shall be entitled to an award of court costs and reasonable attorney’s fees, to be assessed without regard to the ability of the merchant to pay.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 13 - Remedies for Shoplifting and Employee Theft › Section 3-1306 - Criminal Prosecution

(a)    Criminal prosecution for an offense of theft under § 7–104 of the Criminal Law Article is not a prerequisite to the maintenance of a civil action under this subtitle.
(b)    The recovery of damages under this subtitle does not preclude criminal prosecution.
(c)    The payment of damages under this subtitle is not admissible in any criminal proceeding as an admission of guilt or as evidence of guilt.
(d)    A court shall reduce the amount of any restitution awarded in a criminal proceeding regarding an act for which a responsible person has paid damages under this subtitle by an amount equal to those damages.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 13 - Remedies for Shoplifting and Employee Theft › Section 3-1306.1 - Prohibited Acts; Penalties

(a)    In recovering or attempting to recover damages arising from an alleged act of shoplifting or employee theft under this subtitle, a person may not:
(1)    Use or threaten force or violence;
(2)    Communicate with a responsible person in a manner that reasonably can be expected to abuse or harass the responsible person, including communicating with excessive frequency or at unusual hours;
(3)    Use obscene or grossly abusive language in communicating with the responsible person;
(4)    Claim, attempt, or threaten to enforce a right with knowledge that the right does not exist; or
(5)    Use a communication that simulates legal or judicial process or gives the appearance of being authorized, issued, or approved by a government, governmental agency, or lawyer when it is not.
(b)    A person who violates this section is liable for any:
(1)    Actual damages proximately caused by the violation; and
(2)    Reasonable court costs and attorney’s fees.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 13 - Remedies for Shoplifting and Employee Theft › Section 3-1307 - Applicability

The procedures required by § 3–1303 of this subtitle do not otherwise limit a merchant or other person from electing to pursue any other civil remedy or cause of action for damages against any responsible person under this subtitle or otherwise as permitted by law.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 13 - Remedies for Shoplifting and Employee Theft › Section 3-1308 - Exclusive Original Civil Jurisdiction

The District Court has exclusive original civil jurisdiction in an action under this subtitle if the damages claimed do not exceed $10,000, exclusive of attorney’s fees.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 14 - Maryland Uniform Contribution Among Joint Tort-Feasors Act › Section 3-1401 - Definitions

(a)    In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)    “Injured person” means any person having a claim in tort for injury to person or property.
(c)    “Joint tort-feasors” means two or more persons jointly or severally liable in tort for the same injury to person or property, whether or not judgment has been recovered against all or some of them.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 14 - Maryland Uniform Contribution Among Joint Tort-Feasors Act › Section 3-1402 - Right of Contribution

(a)    The right of contribution exists among joint tort-feasors.
(b)    A joint tort-feasor is not entitled to a money judgment for contribution until the joint tort-feasor has by payment discharged the common liability or has paid more than a pro rata share of the common liability.
(c)    A joint tort-feasor who enters into a settlement with the injured person is not entitled to recover contribution from another joint tort-feasor whose liability to the injured person is not extinguished by the settlement.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 14 - Maryland Uniform Contribution Among Joint Tort-Feasors Act › Section 3-1403 - Judgment Against One Tort-Feasor

The recovery of a judgment by the injured person against one joint tort-feasor does not discharge the other joint tort-feasor.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 14 - Maryland Uniform Contribution Among Joint Tort-Feasors Act › Section 3-1404 - Effect of Release on Injured Person's Claim

A release by the injured person of one joint tort-feasor, whether before or after judgment, does not discharge the other tort-feasors unless the release so provides, but it reduces the claim against the other tort-feasors in the amount of the consideration paid for the release or in any amount or proportion by which the release provides that the total claim shall be reduced, if greater than the consideration paid.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 14 - Maryland Uniform Contribution Among Joint Tort-Feasors Act › Section 3-1405 - Effect of Release on Right of Contribution

A release by the injured person of one joint tort-feasor does not relieve the joint tort-feasor from liability to make contribution to another joint tort-feasor unless the release:
(1)    Is given before the right of the other tort-feasor to secure a money judgment for contribution has accrued; and
(2)    Provides for a reduction, to the extent of the pro rata share of the released tort-feasor, of the injured person’s damages recoverable against all other tort-feasors.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 14 - Maryland Uniform Contribution Among Joint Tort-Feasors Act › Section 3-1407 - Uniformity of Interpretation

This subtitle shall be so interpreted and construed as to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law of those states that enact it.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 14 - Maryland Uniform Contribution Among Joint Tort-Feasors Act › Section 3-1409 - Severability

If any provision of this subtitle or the application of this subtitle to any person or circumstances is held invalid, the invalidity may not affect other provisions or applications of the subtitle that can be given effect without the invalid provisions or application, and to this end the provisions of this subtitle are declared to be severable.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 15 - Peace Orders › Section 3-1501 - Definitions

(a)    In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)    “Commissioner” means a District Court commissioner appointed in accordance with Article IV, § 41G of the Maryland Constitution.
(c)    “Court” means the District Court of Maryland.
(d)    “Employee” means:
(1)    An individual who is employed by an employer; or
(2)    A volunteer or an independent contractor who performs services for an employer at the employer’s workplace.
(e)    (1)    “Employer” means a person engaged in a business, an industry, a profession, a trade, or any other enterprise in the State.
(2)    “Employer” includes a person that acts directly or indirectly in the interest of another employer with an employee.
(f)    “Final peace order” means a peace order issued by a judge under § 3–1505 of this subtitle.
(g)    “Interim peace order” means an order that a commissioner issues under this subtitle pending a hearing by a judge on a petition.
(h)    “Petitioner” means an individual who files a petition under § 3–1503 of this subtitle.
(i)    “Residence” includes the yard, grounds, outbuildings, and common areas surrounding the residence.
(j)    “Respondent” means an individual alleged in a petition to have committed an act specified in § 3–1503(a) of this subtitle against a petitioner or a petitioner’s employee.
(k)    “Temporary peace order” means a peace order issued by a judge under § 3–1504 of this subtitle.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 15 - Peace Orders › Section 3-1502 - Exclusivity; Applicability of Subtitle

(a)    By proceeding under this subtitle, a petitioner is not limited to or precluded from pursuing any other legal remedy.
(b)    This subtitle does not apply to:
(1)    A petitioner or a petitioner’s employee who is a person eligible for relief, as defined in § 4–501 of the Family Law Article; or
(2)    A respondent who is a child at the time of the alleged commission of an act specified in § 3–1503(a) of this subtitle.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 15 - Peace Orders › Section 3-1504 - Temporary Peace Orders

(a)    (1)    If after a hearing on a petition, whether ex parte or otherwise, a judge finds that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the respondent has committed, and is likely to commit in the future, an act specified in § 3–1503(a) of this subtitle against the petitioner or the petitioner’s employee, the judge may issue a temporary peace order to protect the petitioner or the petitioner’s employee.
(2)    The temporary peace order may include any or all of the following relief:
(i)    Order the respondent to refrain from committing or threatening to commit an act specified in § 3–1503(a) of this subtitle against the petitioner or the petitioner’s employee;
(ii)    Order the respondent to refrain from contacting, attempting to contact, or harassing the petitioner or the petitioner’s employee;
(iii)    Order the respondent to refrain from entering the residence of the petitioner or the petitioner’s employee; and
(iv)    Order the respondent to remain away from the place of employment, school, or temporary residence of the petitioner or the petitioner’s employee.
(3)    If the judge issues an order under this section, the order shall contain only the relief that is minimally necessary to protect the petitioner or the petitioner’s employee.
(b)    (1)    Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a law enforcement officer immediately shall serve the temporary peace order on the respondent.
(2)    A respondent who has been served with an interim peace order under § 3–1503.1 of this subtitle shall be served with the temporary peace order in open court or, if the respondent is not present at the temporary peace order hearing, by first–class mail at the respondent’s last known address.
(c)    (1)    Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the temporary peace order shall be effective for not more than 7 days after service of the order.
(2)    The judge may extend the temporary peace order as needed, but not to exceed 30 days, to effectuate service of the order where necessary to provide protection or for other good cause.
(3)    If the court is closed on the day on which the temporary peace order is due to expire, the temporary peace order shall be effective until the second day on which the court is open, by which time the court shall hold a final peace order hearing.
(d)    The judge may proceed with a final peace order hearing instead of a temporary peace order hearing if:
(1)    (i)    The respondent appears at the hearing;
(ii)    The respondent has been served with an interim peace order; or
(iii)    The court otherwise has personal jurisdiction over the respondent; and
(2)    The petitioner or the petitioner’s employee and the respondent expressly consent to waive the temporary peace order hearing.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 15 - Peace Orders › Section 3-1506 - Modification; Rescission; Appeals

(a)    (1)    A peace order may be modified or rescinded during the term of the peace order after:
(i)    Giving notice to the petitioner, the petitioner’s employee, and the respondent; and
(ii)    A hearing.
(2)    For good cause shown, a judge may extend the term of the peace order for 6 months beyond the period specified in § 3–1505(f) of this subtitle, after:
(i)    Giving notice to the petitioner, the petitioner’s employee, and the respondent; and
(ii)    A hearing.
(3)    (i)    If, during the term of a final peace order, a petitioner files a motion to extend the term of the order under paragraph (2) of this subsection, the court shall hold a hearing on the motion within 30 days after the motion is filed.
(ii)    If the hearing on the motion is not held before the original expiration date of the final peace order, the order shall be automatically extended and the terms of the order shall remain in full force and effect until the hearing on the motion.
(b)    (1)    If a District Court judge grants or denies relief under a petition filed under this subtitle, a respondent or a petitioner may appeal to the circuit court for the county where the District Court is located.
(2)    An appeal taken under this subsection to the circuit court shall be heard de novo in the circuit court.
(3)    (i)    If an appeal is filed under this subsection, the District Court judgment shall remain in effect until superseded by a judgment of the circuit court.
(ii)    Unless the circuit court orders otherwise, modification or enforcement of the District Court order shall be by the District Court.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 15 - Peace Orders › Section 3-1507 - Statement Concerning Violations

(a)    An interim peace order, temporary peace order, and final peace order issued under this subtitle shall state that a violation of the order may result in:
(1)    Criminal prosecution; and
(2)    Imprisonment or fine or both.
(b)    A temporary peace order and final peace order issued under this subtitle shall state that a violation of the order may result in a finding of contempt.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 15 - Peace Orders › Section 3-1508 - Penalties

(a)    An individual who fails to comply with the relief granted in an interim peace order under § 3–1503.1 of this subtitle, a temporary peace order under § 3–1504(a)(2) of this subtitle, or a final peace order under § 3–1505(d)(1)(i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of this subtitle is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to:
(1)    For a first offense, a fine not exceeding $1,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 90 days or both; and
(2)    For a second or subsequent offense, a fine not exceeding $2,500 or imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or both.
(b)    For the purpose of second or subsequent offender penalties provided under subsection (a)(2) of this section, a prior conviction under § 4–509 of the Family Law Article shall be considered a conviction under this section.
(c)    A law enforcement officer shall arrest with or without a warrant and take into custody an individual who the officer has probable cause to believe is in violation of an interim peace order, temporary peace order, or final peace order in effect at the time of the violation.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 15 - Peace Orders › Section 3-1509 - Rules and Forms

(a)    The Court of Appeals may adopt rules and forms to implement the provisions of this subtitle.
(b)    (1)    The Court of Appeals shall adopt a form for a petition under this subtitle.
(2)    A petition form shall contain notice to a petitioner that an individual who knowingly provides false information in a petition filed under this subtitle is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to the penalties specified in § 3-1503(d) of this subtitle.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 16 - Drug Dealer Liability Act › Section 3-1602 - Liability for Civil Damages -- in General

A person who is convicted, under §§ 5-602 through 5-609 or §§ 5-612 through 5-614 of the Criminal Law Article, of knowingly and willfully manufacturing, distributing, dispensing, bringing into, or transporting in the State a controlled dangerous substance is liable for damages in a civil action as provided in this subtitle.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 16 - Drug Dealer Liability Act › Section 3-1603 - Liability for Civil Damages -- Standing to Bring Suit

Instead of bringing a wrongful death action under Subtitle 9 of this title against a person described in § 3-1602 of this subtitle, a civil action for damages for the death of an individual caused by the individual’s use of a controlled dangerous substance may be brought under this subtitle by a parent, legal guardian, child, spouse, or sibling of the individual.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 16 - Drug Dealer Liability Act › Section 3-1604 - Liability for Civil Damages -- Proximate Cause

A person entitled to bring a civil action under this subtitle may seek damages from a defendant described in § 3-1602 of this subtitle if the controlled dangerous substance manufactured, distributed, dispensed, brought into, or transported in the State by the defendant was actually used by, and was the proximate cause of the death of, an individual.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 16 - Drug Dealer Liability Act › Section 3-1605 - Law Enforcement Exemption

A law enforcement officer who acts in furtherance of an official investigation or a person who acts at the direction or in cooperation with a law enforcement officer in an official investigation is not liable under this subtitle.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 16 - Drug Dealer Liability Act › Section 3-1606 - Damages Recoverable

A person entitled to bring a civil action under this subtitle may recover any or all of the following:
(1)    Economic damages and any other pecuniary loss sustained by the plaintiff that was proximately caused by the death of an individual from the individual’s unlawful use of a controlled dangerous substance; and
(2)    Noneconomic damages, including pain and suffering, emotional distress, mental anguish, loss of enjoyment, loss of companionship, services and consortium, and other nonpecuniary loss sustained by the plaintiff that was proximately caused by the death of an individual from the individual’s unlawful use of a controlled dangerous substance.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 18 - Maryland Mediation Confidentiality Act › Section 3-1801 - Definitions

(a)    In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)    “Mediation” means a process in which parties work with one or more impartial mediators who assist the parties in reaching a voluntary agreement for the resolution of a dispute or issues that are part of a dispute.
(c)    (1)    “Mediation communication” means a communication, whether by speech, writing, or conduct, made as part of a mediation.
(2)    “Mediation communication” includes a communication made for the purpose of considering, initiating, continuing, reconvening, or evaluating a mediation or a mediator.
(d)    “Mediator” means an individual who:
(1)    Assists parties in reaching their own voluntary agreement for the resolution of a dispute; and
(2)    Adheres to the Maryland Standard of Conduct for Mediators.
(e)    “Party” means a person that participates in a mediation and whose agreement is necessary to resolve the dispute.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 18 - Maryland Mediation Confidentiality Act › Section 3-1802 - Applicability

(a)    Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, this subtitle applies to a mediation in which:
(1)    The parties are required to mediate by law;
(2)    The parties are referred to mediation by an administrative agency or arbitrator; or
(3)    The mediator states in writing to any and all parties to the mediation and persons with whom the mediator has engaged in mediation communications that:
(i)    The mediation communications will remain confidential in accordance with this subtitle; and
(ii)    The mediator has read and, consistent with State law, will abide by the Maryland Standards of Conduct for Mediators during the mediation.
(b)    This subtitle does not apply to a mediation:
(1)    To which Title 17 of the Maryland Rules applies;
(2)    Relating to the establishment, negotiation, administration, or termination of a collective bargaining relationship;
(3)    Relating to a dispute that is pending under, or is part of the processes established by, a collective bargaining agreement unless the dispute has been filed with an administrative agency or court;
(4)    Relating to an action to enforce an agreement to arbitrate under common law, the Federal Arbitration Act, the Maryland Uniform Arbitration Act under Subtitle 2 of this title, or the Maryland International Commercial Arbitration Act under Subtitle 2B of this title;
(5)    Relating to an action to foreclose a lien against an owner–occupied residential property subject to foreclosure mediation conducted by the Office of Administrative Hearings under Maryland Rule 14–209.1;
(6)    Arising from a referral of a matter to a magistrate, examiner, auditor, or parenting coordinator under Maryland Rules 2–541, 2–542, 2–543, or 9–205.2; or
(7)    Conducted by a judge who might make a ruling on a case based on the dispute.
(c)    The parties and the mediator, by a written and signed agreement made in advance of the mediation, may agree to exclude all or part of the mediation communications from the application of this subtitle.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 18 - Maryland Mediation Confidentiality Act › Section 3-1803 - Duties of Mediator and Participants

(a)    Except as provided in § 3–1804 of this subtitle, a mediator or any person present or otherwise participating in a mediation at the request of a mediator:
(1)    Shall maintain the confidentiality of all mediation communications; and
(2)    May not disclose or be compelled to disclose mediation communications in any judicial, administrative, or other proceeding.
(b)    Except as provided in § 3–1804 of this subtitle:
(1)    A party to a mediation and any person present or otherwise participating in the mediation at the request of a party may not disclose or be compelled to disclose mediation communications in any judicial, administrative, or other proceeding; and
(2)    The parties may enter into a written agreement to maintain the confidentiality of all mediation communications and may require any person present or otherwise participating in the mediation at the request of a party to maintain the confidentiality of all mediation communications.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 18 - Maryland Mediation Confidentiality Act › Section 3-1804 - Requirements and Exceptions

(a)    A document signed by the parties that records points of agreement expressed by the parties or that constitutes an agreement reached by the parties as a result of mediation is not confidential unless the parties agree otherwise in writing.
(b)    In addition to any other disclosure required by law, a mediator, a party, or a person who was present or who otherwise participated in a mediation at the request of the mediator or a party may disclose mediation communications:
(1)    To a potential victim or to the appropriate law enforcement authority to the extent that the mediator, party, or person reasonably believes the disclosure is necessary to prevent bodily harm or death to the potential victim;
(2)    To the extent necessary to assert or defend against allegations of mediator misconduct or negligence;
(3)    To the extent necessary to assert or defend against allegations of professional misconduct or malpractice by a party or any person who was present or who otherwise participated in the mediation at the request of a party, except that a mediator may not be compelled to participate in a proceeding arising out of the disclosure; or
(4)    To the extent necessary to assert or defend against a claim or defense that, because of fraud, duress, or misrepresentation, a contract arising out of a mediation should be rescinded or damages should be awarded.
(c)    A court may order mediation communications to be disclosed only to the extent that the court determines that the disclosure is necessary to prevent an injustice or harm to the public interest that is of sufficient magnitude in the particular case to outweigh the integrity of mediation proceedings.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 18 - Maryland Mediation Confidentiality Act › Section 3-1805 - When Communications Subject to Discovery

Mediation communications that are confidential under this subtitle are not subject to discovery, but information that is otherwise admissible or subject to discovery does not become inadmissible or protected from disclosure solely by reason of its use in mediation.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 19 - Personal Injury or Death Caused by Dog › Section 3-1901 - Personal Injury or Death Caused by Dog

(a)    (1)    In an action against an owner of a dog for damages for personal injury or death caused by the dog, evidence that the dog caused the personal injury or death creates a rebuttable presumption that the owner knew or should have known that the dog had vicious or dangerous propensities.
(2)    Notwithstanding any other law or rule, in a jury trial, the judge may not rule as a matter of law that the presumption has been rebutted before the jury returns a verdict.
(b)    In an action against a person other than an owner of a dog for damages for personal injury or death caused by the dog, the common law of liability relating to attacks by dogs against humans that existed on April 1, 2012, is retained as to the person without regard to the breed or heritage of the dog.
(c)    The owner of a dog is liable for any injury, death, or loss to person or property that is caused by the dog, while the dog is running at large, unless the injury, death, or loss was caused to the body or property of a person who was:
(1)    Committing or attempting to commit a trespass or other criminal offense on the property of the owner;
(2)    Committing or attempting to commit a criminal offense against any person; or
(3)    Teasing, tormenting, abusing, or provoking the dog.
(d)    This section does not affect:
(1)    Any other common law or statutory cause of action; or
(2)    Any other common law or statutory defense or immunity.