reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 18 Budget; General and Deficiency Appropriation Bills.

§ 18 Budget; general and deficiency appropriation bills.
Sec. 18.
The governor shall submit to the legislature at a time fixed by law, a budget for the ensuing fiscal period setting forth in detail, for all operating funds, the proposed expenditures and estimated revenue of the state. Proposed expenditures from any fund shall not exceed the estimated revenue thereof. On the same date, the governor shall submit to the legislature general appropriation bills to embody the proposed expenditures and any necessary bill or bills to provide new or additional revenues to meet proposed expenditures. The amount of any surplus created or deficit incurred in any fund during the last preceding fiscal period shall be entered as an item in the budget and in one of the appropriation bills. The governor may submit amendments to appropriation bills to be offered in either house during consideration of the bill by that house, and shall submit bills to meet deficiencies in current appropriations.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 18, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 19 Disapproval of Items in Appropriation Bills.

§ 19 Disapproval of items in appropriation bills.
Sec. 19.
The governor may disapprove any distinct item or items appropriating moneys in any appropriation bill. The part or parts approved shall become law, and the item or items disapproved shall be void unless re-passed according to the method prescribed for the passage of other bills over the executive veto.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 19, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, § 37.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 20 Reductions in Expenditures.

§ 20 Reductions in expenditures.
Sec. 20.
No appropriation shall be a mandate to spend. The governor, with the approval of the appropriating committees of the house and senate, shall reduce expenditures authorized by appropriations whenever it appears that actual revenues for a fiscal period will fall below the revenue estimates on which appropriations for that period were based. Reductions in expenditures shall be made in accordance with procedures prescribed by law. The governor may not reduce expenditures of the legislative and judicial branches or from funds constitutionally dedicated for specific purposes.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 20, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 21 State Elective Executive Officers; Term, Election.

§ 21 State elective executive officers; term, election.
Sec. 21.
The governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state and attorney general shall be elected for four-year terms at the general election in each alternate even-numbered year.
The lieutenant governor, secretary of state and attorney general shall be nominated by party conventions in a manner prescribed by law. In the general election one vote shall be cast jointly for the candidates for governor and lieutenant governor nominated by the same party.
Vacancies in the office of the secretary of state and attorney general shall be filled by appointment by the governor.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 21, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VI, § 1.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 22 Governor and Lieutenant Governor, Qualifications.

§ 22 Governor and lieutenant governor, qualifications.
Sec. 22.
To be eligible for the office of governor or lieutenant governor a person must have attained the age of 30 years, and have been a registered elector in this state for four years next preceding his election.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 22, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VI, § 13.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 23 State Elective Executive Officers, Compensation.

§ 23 State elective executive officers, compensation.
Sec. 23.
The governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state and attorney general shall each receive the compensation provided by law in full payment for all services performed and expenses incurred during his term of office. Such compensation shall not be changed during the term of office except as otherwise provided in this constitution.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 23, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VI, § 21.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 24 Executive Residence.

§ 24 Executive residence.
Sec. 24.
An executive residence suitably furnished shall be provided at the seat of government for the use of the governor. He shall receive an allowance for its maintenance as provided by law.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 24, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 25 Lieutenant Governor; President of Senate, Tie Vote, Duties.

§ 25 Lieutenant governor; president of senate, tie vote, duties.
Sec. 25.
The lieutenant governor shall be president of the senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. He may perform duties requested of him by the governor, but no power vested in the governor shall be delegated.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 25, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Constitutionality:
In Advisory Opinion on Constitutionality of 1978 PA 426, 403 Mich. 631, 272 N.W.2d 495 (1978), the Michigan supreme court held that the lieutenant governor may cast a tie-breaking vote during the final consideration of a bill when the senate is equally divided, and 1978 PA 426 was constitutionally enacted.
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VI, § 19.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 26 Succession to Governorship.

§ 26 Succession to governorship.
Sec. 26.
In case of the conviction of the governor on impeachment, his removal from office, his resignation or his death, the lieutenant governor, the elected secretary of state, the elected attorney general and such other persons designated by law shall in that order be governor for the remainder of the governor's term.
In case of the death of the governor-elect, the lieutenant governor-elect, the secretary of state-elect, the attorney general-elect and such other persons designated by law shall become governor in that order at the commencement of the governor-elect's term.
If the governor or the person in line of succession to serve as governor is absent from the state, or suffering under an inability, the powers and duties of the office of the governor shall devolve in order of precedence until the absence or inability giving rise to the devolution of powers ceases.
The inability of the governor or person acting as governor shall be determined by a majority of the supreme court on joint request of the president pro tempore of the senate and the speaker of the house of representatives. Such determination shall be final and conclusive. The supreme court shall upon its own initiative determine if and when the inability ceases.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 26, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VI, §§ 16, 17.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 27 Salary of Successor.

§ 27 Salary of successor.
Sec. 27.
The legislature shall provide that the salary of any state officer while acting as governor shall be equal to that of the governor.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 27, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VI, § 18.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 28 State Transportation Commission; Establishment; Purpose; Appointment, Qualifications, and Terms of Members; Director of State Transportation Department.

§ 28 State transportation commission; establishment; purpose; appointment, qualifications, and terms of members; director of state transportation department.
Sec. 28.
There is hereby established a state transportation commission, which shall establish policy for the state transportation department transportation programs and facilities, and such other public works of the state, as provided by law.
The state transportation commission shall consist of six members, not more than three of whom shall be members of the same political party. They shall be appointed by the governor by and with the advice and consent of the senate for three-year terms, no three of which shall expire in the same year, as provided by law.
The director of the state transportation department shall be appointed as provided by law and shall be the principal executive officer of the state transportation department and shall be responsible for executing the policy of the state transportation commission.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 28, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 ;-- Am. H.J.R. F, approved Nov. 7, 1978, Eff. Dec. 23, 1978
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 29 Civil Rights Commission; Members, Term, Duties, Appropriation.

§ 29 Civil rights commission; members, term, duties, appropriation.
Sec. 29.
There is hereby established a civil rights commission which shall consist of eight persons, not more than four of whom shall be members of the same political party, who shall be appointed by the governor, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, for four-year terms not more than two of which shall expire in the same year. It shall be the duty of the commission in a manner which may be prescribed by law to investigate alleged discrimination against any person because of religion, race, color or national origin in the enjoyment of the civil rights guaranteed by law and by this constitution, and to secure the equal protection of such civil rights without such discrimination. The legislature shall provide an annual appropriation for the effective operation of the commission.
The commission shall have power, in accordance with the provisions of this constitution and of general laws governing administrative agencies, to promulgate rules and regulations for its own procedures, to hold hearings, administer oaths, through court authorization to require the attendance of witnesses and the submission of records, to take testimony, and to issue appropriate orders. The commission shall have other powers provided by law to carry out its purposes. Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to diminish the right of any party to direct and immediate legal or equitable remedies in the courts of this state.
Appeals from final orders of the commission, including cease and desist orders and refusals to issue complaints, shall be tried de novo before the circuit court having jurisdiction provided by law.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 29, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Admin Rule:
R 37.1 et seq. and R 37.101 of the Michigan Administrative Code.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 30 Limitations on Terms of Executive Officers.

§ 30 Limitations on terms of executive officers.
Sec. 30.
No person shall be elected more than two times to each office of the executive branch of government: governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state or attorney general. Any person appointed or elected to fill a vacancy in the office of governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state or attorney general for a period greater than one half of a term of such office, shall be considered to have been elected to serve one time in that office for purposes of this section. This limitation on the number of times a person shall be elected to office shall apply to terms of office beginning on or after January 1, 1993.
This section shall be self-executing. Legislation may be enacted to facilitate operation of this section, but no law shall limit or restrict the application of this section. If any part of this section is held to be invalid or unconstitutional, the remaining parts of this section shall not be affected but will remain in full force and effect.
History:
Add. Init., approved Nov. 3, 1992, Eff. Dec. 19, 1992
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 1 Judicial Power in Court of Justice; Divisions.

§ 1 Judicial power in court of justice; divisions.
Sec. 1.
Except to the extent limited or abrogated by article IV, section 6, or article V, section 2, the judicial power of the state is vested exclusively in one court of justice which shall be divided into one supreme court, one court of appeals, one trial court of general jurisdiction known as the circuit court, one probate court, and courts of limited jurisdiction that the legislature may establish by a two-thirds vote of the members elected to and serving in each house.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 1, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 ;-- Am. Init., approved Nov. 6, 2018, Eff. Dec. 22, 2018
Compiler's Notes:
The constitutional amendment set out above was submitted to, and approved by, the electors as Proposal 18-2 at the November 6, 2018 general election. This amendment to the Constitution of Michigan of 1963 became effective December 22, 2018.
Constitutionality:
Const 1963, art 6, § 1 and art 9, §§ 1 and 3 do not require the state to pay the entire cost of trial court operations. It is for the legislature to determine whether to adopt a system of state funding of trial court operations. Grand Traverse Co v Michigan, 450 Mich 457, 538 NW2d 1 (1995).
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VII, § 1.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 2 Justices of the Supreme Court; Number, Term, Nomination, Election.

§ 2 Justices of the supreme court; number, term, nomination, election.
Sec. 2.
The supreme court shall consist of seven justices elected at non-partisan elections as provided by law. The term of office shall be eight years and not more than two terms of office shall expire at the same time. Nominations for justices of the supreme court shall be in the manner prescribed by law. Any incumbent justice whose term is to expire may become a candidate for re-election by filing an affidavit of candidacy, in the form and manner prescribed by law, not less than 180 days prior to the expiration of his term.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 2, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VII, § 2.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 3 Chief Justice; Court Administrator; Other Assistants.

§ 3 Chief justice; court administrator; other assistants.
Sec. 3.
One justice of the supreme court shall be selected by the court as its chief justice as provided by rules of the court. He shall perform duties required by the court. The supreme court shall appoint an administrator of the courts and other assistants of the supreme court as may be necessary to aid in the administration of the courts of this state. The administrator shall perform administrative duties assigned by the court.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 3, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 4 General Superintending Control Over Courts; Writs; Appellate Jurisdiction.

§ 4 General superintending control over courts; writs; appellate jurisdiction.
Sec. 4.
Except to the extent limited or abrogated by article IV, section 6, or article V, section 2, the supreme court shall have general superintending control over all courts; power to issue, hear and determine prerogative and remedial writs; and appellate jurisdiction as provided by rules of the supreme court. The supreme court shall not have the power to remove a judge.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 4, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 ;-- Am. Init., approved Nov. 6, 2018, Eff. Dec. 22, 2018
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VII, § 4.
Compiler's Notes:
The constitutional amendment set out above was submitted to, and approved by, the electors as Proposal 18-2 at the November 6, 2018 general election. This amendment to the Constitution of Michigan of 1963 became effective December 22, 2018.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 5 Court Rules; Distinctions Between Law and Equity; Master in Chancery.

§ 5 Court rules; distinctions between law and equity; master in chancery.
Sec. 5.
The supreme court shall by general rules establish, modify, amend and simplify the practice and procedure in all courts of this state. The distinctions between law and equity proceedings shall, as far as practicable, be abolished. The office of master in chancery is prohibited.
History:
Const. 1963, Art VI § 5, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Constitutionality:
The State of Michigan, through the combined actions of the Supreme Court, the Legislature, and the State Bar, may compulsorily exact dues, and require association of attorneys, to support only those duties and functions of the State Bar which serve a compelling state interest and which cannot be accomplished by means less intrusive upon the First Amendment rights of objecting attorneys. Falk v State Bar, 418 Mich 270; 342 NW2d 504 (1983).The regulation of the practice of law, the maintenance of high standards in the legal profession, and the discharge of the profession's duty to protect and inform the public are purposes in which the State of Michigan has a compelling interest justifying unavoidable intrusions on the First Amendment rights of attorneys; on the other hand, political and legislative activities are impermissible intrusions, as are activities designed to further commercial and economic interests of the members of the bar. Falk v State Bar, 418 Mich 270; 342 NW2d 504 (1983).
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VII, § 5.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 6 Decisions and Dissents; Writing, Contents.

§ 6 Decisions and dissents; writing, contents.
Sec. 6.
Decisions of the supreme court, including all decisions on prerogative writs, shall be in writing and shall contain a concise statement of the facts and reasons for each decision and reasons for each denial of leave to appeal. When a judge dissents in whole or in part he shall give in writing the reasons for his dissent.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 6, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VII, § 7.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 7 Staff; Budget; Salaries of Justices; Fees.

§ 7 Staff; budget; salaries of justices; fees.
Sec. 7.
The supreme court may appoint, may remove, and shall have general supervision of its staff. It shall have control of the preparation of its budget recommendations and the expenditure of moneys appropriated for any purpose pertaining to the operation of the court or the performance of activities of its staff except that the salaries of the justices shall be established by law. All fees and perquisites collected by the court staff shall be turned over to the state treasury and credited to the general fund.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 7, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VII, § 6.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 8 Court of Appeals; Election of Judges, Divisions.

§ 8 Court of appeals; election of judges, divisions.
Sec. 8.
The court of appeals shall consist initially of nine judges who shall be nominated and elected at non-partisan elections from districts drawn on county lines and as nearly as possible of equal population, as provided by law. The supreme court may prescribe by rule that the court of appeals sit in divisions and for the terms of court and the times and places thereof. Each such division shall consist of not fewer than three judges. The number of judges comprising the court of appeals may be increased, and the districts from which they are elected may be changed by law.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 8, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 9 Judges of Court of Appeals, Terms.

§ 9 Judges of court of appeals, terms.
Sec. 9.
Judges of the court of appeals shall hold office for a term of six years and until their successors are elected and qualified. The terms of office for the judges in each district shall be arranged by law to provide that not all terms will expire at the same time.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 9, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 10 Jurisdiction, Practice and Procedure of Court of Appeals.

§ 10 Jurisdiction, practice and procedure of court of appeals.
Sec. 10.
The jurisdiction of the court of appeals shall be provided by law and the practice and procedure therein shall be prescribed by rules of the supreme court.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 10, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 11 Circuit Courts; Judicial Circuits, Sessions, Number of Judges.

§ 11 Circuit courts; judicial circuits, sessions, number of judges.
Sec. 11.
The state shall be divided into judicial circuits along county lines in each of which there shall be elected one or more circuit judges as provided by law. Sessions of the circuit court shall be held at least four times in each year in every county organized for judicial purposes. Each circuit judge shall hold court in the county or counties within the circuit in which he is elected, and in other circuits as may be provided by rules of the supreme court. The number of judges may be changed and circuits may be created, altered and discontinued by law and the number of judges shall be changed and circuits shall be created, altered and discontinued on recommendation of the supreme court to reflect changes in judicial activity. No change in the number of judges or alteration or discontinuance of a circuit shall have the effect of removing a judge from office during his term.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 11, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VII, § 8.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 12 Circuit Judges; Nomination, Election, Term.

§ 12 Circuit judges; nomination, election, term.
Sec. 12.
Circuit judges shall be nominated and elected at non-partisan elections in the circuit in which they reside, and shall hold office for a term of six years and until their successors are elected and qualified. In circuits having more than one circuit judge their terms of office shall be arranged by law to provide that not all terms will expire at the same time.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 12, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VII, § 9.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 13 Circuit Courts; Jurisdiction, Writs, Supervisory Control Over Inferior Courts.

§ 13 Circuit courts; jurisdiction, writs, supervisory control over inferior courts.
Sec. 13.
The circuit court shall have original jurisdiction in all matters not prohibited by law; appellate jurisdiction from all inferior courts and tribunals except as otherwise provided by law; power to issue, hear and determine prerogative and remedial writs; supervisory and general control over inferior courts and tribunals within their respective jurisdictions in accordance with rules of the supreme court; and jurisdiction of other cases and matters as provided by rules of the supreme court.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 13, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VII, § 10.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 14 County Clerks; Duties, Vacancies; Prosecuting Attorneys, Vacancies.

§ 14 County clerks; duties, vacancies; prosecuting attorneys, vacancies.
Sec. 14.
The clerk of each county organized for judicial purposes or other officer performing the duties of such office as provided in a county charter shall be clerk of the circuit court for such county. The judges of the circuit court may fill a vacancy in an elective office of county clerk or prosecuting attorney within their respective jurisdictions.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 14, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VII, § 11.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 15 Probate Courts; Districts, Jurisdiction.

§ 15 Probate courts; districts, jurisdiction.
Sec. 15.
In each county organized for judicial purposes there shall be a probate court. The legislature may create or alter probate court districts of more than one county if approved in each affected county by a majority of the electors voting on the question. The legislature may provide for the combination of the office of probate judge with any judicial office of limited jurisdiction within a county with supplemental salary as provided by law. The jurisdiction, powers and duties of the probate court and of the judges thereof shall be provided by law. They shall have original jurisdiction in all cases of juvenile delinquents and dependents, except as otherwise provided by law.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 15, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VII, § 13.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 16 Probate Judges; Nomination, Election, Terms.

§ 16 Probate judges; nomination, election, terms.
Sec. 16.
One or more judges of probate as provided by law shall be nominated and elected at non-partisan elections in the counties or the probate districts in which they reside and shall hold office for terms of six years and until their successors are elected and qualified. In counties or districts with more than one judge the terms of office shall be arranged by law to provide that not all terms will expire at the same time.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 16, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VII, § 14.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 17 Judicial Salaries and Fees.

§ 17 Judicial salaries and fees.
Sec. 17.
No judge or justice of any court of this state shall be paid from the fees of his office nor shall the amount of his salary be measured by fees, other moneys received or the amount of judicial activity of his office.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 17, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 18 Salaries; Uniformity, Changes During Term.

§ 18 Salaries; uniformity, changes during term.
Sec. 18.
Salaries of justices of the supreme court, of the judges of the court of appeals, of the circuit judges within a circuit, and of the probate judges within a county or district, shall be uniform, and may be increased but shall not be decreased during a term of office except and only to the extent of a general salary reduction in all other branches of government.
Each of the judges of the circuit court shall receive an annual salary as provided by law. In addition to the salary received from the state, each circuit judge may receive from any county in which he regularly holds court an additional salary as determined from time to time by the board of supervisors of the county. In any county where an additional salary is granted, it shall be paid at the same rate to all circuit judges regularly holding court therein.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 18, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VII, § 12; Art. XVI, § 3.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 19 Courts of Record; Seal, Qualifications of Judges.

§ 19 Courts of record; seal, qualifications of judges.
Sec. 19.
(1) The supreme court, the court of appeals, the circuit court, the probate court and other courts designated as such by the legislature shall be courts of record and each shall have a common seal. Justices and judges of courts of record must be persons who are licensed to practice law in this state.
(2) To be qualified to serve as a judge of a trial court, a judge of the court of appeals, or a justice of the supreme court, a person shall have been admitted to the practice of law for at least 5 years. This subsection shall not apply to any judge or justice appointed or elected to judicial office prior to the date on which this subsection becomes part of the constitution.
(3) No person shall be elected or appointed to a judicial office after reaching the age of 70 years.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 19, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 ;-- Am. 1996, S.J.R. D, approved Nov. 5, 1996, Eff. Dec. 21, 1996
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VII, § 17.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 20 Removal of Domicile of Judge.

§ 20 Removal of domicile of judge.
Sec. 20.
Whenever a justice or judge removes his domicile beyond the limits of the territory from which he was elected or appointed, he shall have vacated his office.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 20, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 ;-- Am. H.J.R. F, approved Aug. 6, 1968, Eff. Sept. 21, 1968
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VII, § 19.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 21 Ineligibility for Other Office.

§ 21 Ineligibility for other office.
Sec. 21.
Any justice or judge of a court of record shall be ineligible to be nominated for or elected to an elective office other than a judicial office during the period of his service and for one year thereafter.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 21, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VII, § 9.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 22 Incumbent Judges, Affidavit of Candidacy.

§ 22 Incumbent judges, affidavit of candidacy.
Sec. 22.
Any judge of the court of appeals, circuit court or probate court may become a candidate in the primary election for the office of which he is the incumbent by filing an affidavit of candidacy in the form and manner prescribed by law.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 22, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 ;-- Am. H.J.R. F, approved Aug. 6, 1968, Eff. Sept. 21, 1968
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 23 Judicial Vacancies, Filling; Appointee, Term; Successor; New Offices.

§ 23 Judicial vacancies, filling; appointee, term; successor; new offices.
Sec. 23.
A vacancy shall occur in the office of judge of any court of record or in the district court by death, removal, resignation or vacating of the office, and such vacancy shall be filled by appointment by the governor. The person appointed by the governor shall hold office until 12 noon of the first day of January next succeeding the first general election held after the vacancy occurs, at which election a successor shall be elected for the remainder of the unexpired term. Whenever a new office of judge in a court of record, or the district court, is created by law, it shall be filled by election as provided by law. The supreme court may authorize persons who have been elected and served as judges to perform judicial duties for limited periods or specific assignments.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 23, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 ;-- Am. H.J.R. F, approved Aug. 6, 1968, Eff. Sept. 21, 1968
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VII, § 20.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 24 Incumbent Judges, Ballot Designation.

§ 24 Incumbent judges, ballot designation.
Sec. 24.
There shall be printed upon the ballot under the name of each incumbent justice or judge who is a candidate for nomination or election to the same office the designation of that office.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 24, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 ;-- Am. H.J.R. F, approved Aug. 6, 1968, Eff. Sept. 21, 1968
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VII, § 23.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 25 Removal of Judges From Office.

§ 25 Removal of judges from office.
Sec. 25.
For reasonable cause, which is not sufficient ground for impeachment, the governor shall remove any judge on a concurrent resolution of two-thirds of the members elected to and serving in each house of the legislature. The cause for removal shall be stated at length in the resolution.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 25, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. IX, § 6.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 26 Circuit Court Commissioners and Justices of the Peace, Abolition; Courts of Limited Jurisdiction.

§ 26 Circuit court commissioners and justices of the peace, abolition; courts of limited jurisdiction.
Sec. 26.
The offices of circuit court commissioner and justice of the peace are abolished at the expiration of five years from the date this constitution becomes effective or may within this period be abolished by law. Their jurisdiction, compensation and powers within this period shall be as provided by law. Within this five-year period, the legislature shall establish a court or courts of limited jurisdiction with powers and jurisdiction defined by law. The location of such court or courts, and the qualifications, tenure, method of election and salary of the judges of such court or courts, and by what governmental units the judges shall be paid, shall be provided by law, subject to the limitations contained in this article.
Statutory courts in existence at the time this constitution becomes effective shall retain their powers and jurisdiction, except as provided by law, until they are abolished by law.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 26, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 27 Power of Appointment to Public Office.

§ 27 Power of appointment to public office.
Sec. 27.
The supreme court, the court of appeals, the circuit court, or any justices or judges thereof, shall not exercise any power of appointment to public office except as provided in this constitution.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 27, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VII, § 11.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 28 Administrative Action, Review.

§ 28 Administrative action, review.
Sec. 28.
All final decisions, findings, rulings and orders of any administrative officer or agency existing under the constitution or by law, which are judicial or quasi-judicial and affect private rights or licenses, shall be subject to direct review by the courts as provided by law. This review shall include, as a minimum, the determination whether such final decisions, findings, rulings and orders are authorized by law; and, in cases in which a hearing is required, whether the same are supported by competent, material and substantial evidence on the whole record. Findings of fact in workmen's compensation proceedings shall be conclusive in the absence of fraud unless otherwise provided by law.
In the absence of fraud, error of law or the adoption of wrong principles, no appeal may be taken to any court from any final agency provided for the administration of property tax laws from any decision relating to valuation or allocation.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 28, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 29 Conservators of the Peace.

§ 29 Conservators of the peace.
Sec. 29.
Justices of the supreme court, judges of the court of appeals, circuit judges and other judges as provided by law shall be conservators of the peace within their respective jurisdictions.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VI, § 29, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VII, § 18.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VI - Judicial Branch (Article VI § 1...§ 30) › Article VI § 30 Judicial Tenure Commission; Selection; Terms; Duties; Power of Supreme Court.

§ 30 Judicial tenure commission; selection; terms; duties; power of supreme court.
Sec. 30.
(1) A judicial tenure commission is established consisting of nine persons selected for three-year terms as follows: Four members shall be judges elected by the judges of the courts in which they serve; one shall be a court of appeals judge, one a circuit judge, one a probate judge and one a judge of a court of limited jurisdiction. Three shall be members of the state bar who shall be elected by the members of the state bar of whom one shall be a judge and two shall not be judges. Two shall be appointed by the governor; the members appointed by the governor shall not be judges, retired judges or members of the state bar. Terms shall be staggered as provided by rule of the supreme court. Vacancies shall be filled by the appointing power.
(2) On recommendation of the judicial tenure commission, the supreme court may censure, suspend with or without salary, retire or remove a judge for conviction of a felony, physical or mental disability which prevents the performance of judicial duties, misconduct in office, persistent failure to perform his duties, habitual intemperance or conduct that is clearly prejudicial to the administration of justice. The supreme court shall make rules implementing this section and providing for confidentiality and privilege of proceedings.
History:
Add. H.J.R. PP, approved Aug. 6, 1968, Eff. Sept. 21, 1968
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VII - Local Government (Article VII § 1...§ 34) › Article VII § 1 Counties; Corporate Character, Powers and Immunities.

§ 1 Counties; corporate character, powers and immunities.
Sec. 1.
Each organized county shall be a body corporate with powers and immunities provided by law.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VII, § 1, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VIII, § 1.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VII - Local Government (Article VII § 1...§ 34) › Article VII § 2 County Charters.

§ 2 County charters.
Sec. 2.
Any county may frame, adopt, amend or repeal a county charter in a manner and with powers and limitations to be provided by general law, which shall among other things provide for the election of a charter commission. The law may permit the organization of county government in form different from that set forth in this constitution and shall limit the rate of ad valorem property taxation for county purposes, and restrict the powers of charter counties to borrow money and contract debts. Each charter county is hereby granted power to levy other taxes for county purposes subject to limitations and prohibitions set forth in this constitution or law. Subject to law, a county charter may authorize the county through its regularly constituted authority to adopt resolutions and ordinances relating to its concerns.
The board of supervisors by a majority vote of its members may, and upon petition of five percent of the electors shall, place upon the ballot the question of electing a commission to frame a charter.
No county charter shall be adopted, amended or repealed until approved by a majority of electors voting on the question.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VII, § 2, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VII - Local Government (Article VII § 1...§ 34) › Article VII § 3 Reduction of Size of County.

§ 3 Reduction of size of county.
Sec. 3.
No organized county shall be reduced by the organization of new counties to less than 16 townships as surveyed by the United States, unless approved in the manner prescribed by law by a majority of electors voting thereon in each county to be affected.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VII, § 3, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VIII, § 2.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VII - Local Government (Article VII § 1...§ 34) › Article VII § 4 County Officers; Terms, Combination.

§ 4 County officers; terms, combination.
Sec. 4.
There shall be elected for four-year terms in each organized county a sheriff, a county clerk, a county treasurer, a register of deeds and a prosecuting attorney, whose duties and powers shall be provided by law. The board of supervisors in any county may combine the offices of county clerk and register of deeds in one office or separate the same at pleasure.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VII, § 4, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VIII, § 3.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article VII - Local Government (Article VII § 1...§ 34) › Article VII § 5 Offices at County Seat.

§ 5 Offices at county seat.
Sec. 5.
The sheriff, county clerk, county treasurer and register of deeds shall hold their principal offices at the county seat.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. VII, § 5, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VIII, § 4.