reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (552.1 - 552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84 - Chapter 84 Chapter 84. of Divorce. (552.1...552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84-DIVORCE - Divorce (552.1...552.46) › Section 552.27 - Alimony or Allowance for Support and Education of Children as Lien; Default; Powers of Court.

552.27 Alimony or allowance for support and education of children as lien; default; powers of court.
Sec. 27.
If alimony or an allowance for the support and education of the children is awarded to either party, the amount of the alimony or allowance constitutes a lien upon the real and personal estate of the adverse party as provided in section 25a of the support and parenting time enforcement act, 1982 PA 295, MCL 552.65a. The court may do 1 or more of the following if the party defaults on the payment of the amount awarded:
(a) Order the sale of the property against which the lien is adjudged in the same manner and upon the same notice as in suits for the foreclosure of mortgage liens.
(b) Award execution for the collection of the judgment.
(c) Order the sequestration of the real and personal estate of either party and may appoint a receiver of the real estate or personal estate, or both, and cause the personal estate and the rents and profits of the real estate to be applied to the payment of the judgment.
(d) Award a division between the husband and wife of the real and personal estate of either party or of the husband and wife by joint ownership or right as the court considers equitable and just.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 84 ;-- CL 1857, 3248 ;-- Am. 1865, Act 255, Eff. June 22, 1865 ;-- CL 1871, 4759 ;-- Am. 1877, Act 44, Eff. Aug. 21, 1877 ;-- How. 6247 ;-- Am. 1897, Act 197, Eff. Aug. 30, 1897 ;-- CL 1897, 8640 ;-- CL 1915, 11416 ;-- CL 1929, 12747 ;-- CL 1948, 552.27 ;-- Am. 1970, Act 182, Imd. Eff. Aug. 3, 1970 ;-- Am. 1990, Act 243, Imd. Eff. Oct. 10, 1990 ;-- Am. 1998, Act 96, Eff. Aug. 10, 1998
Compiler's Notes:
At the end of the first sentence of the first paragraph of this section, the reference to “1982 PA 295, MCL 552.65a” evidently should read “1982 PA 295, MCL 552.625a.”
Popular Name:
No-Fault Divorce
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (552.1 - 552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84 - Chapter 84 Chapter 84. of Divorce. (552.1...552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84-DIVORCE - Divorce (552.1...552.46) › Section 552.28 - Judgment for Alimony or Allowance or for Appointment of Trustees; Revision or Alteration.

552.28 Judgment for alimony or allowance or for appointment of trustees; revision or alteration.
Sec. 28.
On petition of either party, after a judgment for alimony or other allowance for either party or a child, or after a judgment for the appointment of trustees to receive and hold property for the use of either party or a child, and subject to section 17, the court may revise and alter the judgment, respecting the amount or payment of the alimony or allowance, and also respecting the appropriation and payment of the principal and income of the property held in trust, and may make any judgment respecting any of the matters that the court might have made in the original action.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 84 ;-- CL 1857, 3249 ;-- CL 1871, 4760 ;-- How. 6248 ;-- CL 1897, 8641 ;-- CL 1915, 11417 ;-- CL 1929, 12748 ;-- CL 1948, 552.28 ;-- Am. 1970, Act 182, Imd. Eff. Aug. 3, 1970 ;-- Am. 1992, Act 290, Eff. Jan. 1, 1993
Popular Name:
No-Fault Divorce
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (552.1 - 552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84 - Chapter 84 Chapter 84. of Divorce. (552.1...552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84-DIVORCE - Divorce (552.1...552.46) › Section 552.29 - Presumption of Legitimacy.

552.29 Presumption of legitimacy.
Sec. 29.
The legitimacy of all children begotten before the commencement of any action under this act shall be presumed until the contrary be shown.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 84 ;-- CL 1857, 3250 ;-- CL 1871, 4761 ;-- How. 6249 ;-- CL 1897, 8642 ;-- CL 1915, 11418 ;-- CL 1929, 12749 ;-- CL 1948, 552.29 ;-- Am. 1971, Act 75, Eff. Jan. 1, 1972
Popular Name:
No-Fault Divorce
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (552.1 - 552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84 - Chapter 84 Chapter 84. of Divorce. (552.1...552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84-DIVORCE - Divorce (552.1...552.46) › Section 552.30 - Legitimacy of Issue; Dissolution of Marriage.

552.30 Legitimacy of issue; dissolution of marriage.
Sec. 30.
Upon the dissolution of a marriage because of a party's non-age at the time of the marriage, or because a party was otherwise not capable in law of contracting at the time of the marriage, the issue of the marriage are in all respects the legitimate issue of the parent who, at the time of the marriage, was capable of contracting.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 84 ;-- CL 1857, 3251 ;-- CL 1871, 4762 ;-- How. 6250 ;-- CL 1897, 8643 ;-- CL 1915, 11419 ;-- CL 1929, 12750 ;-- CL 1948, 552.30 ;-- Am. 2001, Act 107, Eff. Sept. 30, 2001
Popular Name:
No-Fault Divorce
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (552.1 - 552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84 - Chapter 84 Chapter 84. of Divorce. (552.1...552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84-DIVORCE - Divorce (552.1...552.46) › Section 552.31 - Legitimacy of Issue; Dissolution of Bigamous Marriage Entered Into in Good Faith.

552.31 Legitimacy of issue; dissolution of bigamous marriage entered into in good faith.
Sec. 31.
When a marriage is dissolved on account of a prior marriage of either party, and it shall appear that the second marriage was contracted in good faith, and with the full belief of the parties that the former wife or husband was dead, that fact shall be stated in the decree of divorce or nullity; and the issue of such second marriage, born or begotten before the commencement of the suit, shall be deemed to be the legitimate issue of the parent who, at the time of the marriage, was capable of contracting.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 84 ;-- CL 1857, 3252 ;-- CL 1871, 4763 ;-- How. 6251 ;-- CL 1897, 8644 ;-- CL 1915, 11420 ;-- CL 1929, 12751 ;-- CL 1948, 552.31
Popular Name:
No-Fault Divorce
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (552.1 - 552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84 - Chapter 84 Chapter 84. of Divorce. (552.1...552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84-DIVORCE - Divorce (552.1...552.46) › Section 552.34 - Action to Annul Marriage of Minor.

552.34 Action to annul marriage of minor.
Sec. 34.
An action to annul a marriage on the ground that 1 of the parties was under the age of legal consent, as provided in section 3 of 1887 PA 128, MCL 551.103, may be brought by the parent or guardian entitled to the custody of the minor or by the next friend of the minor, but the marriage shall not be annulled on the application of a party who was of the age of legal consent at the time of the marriage.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 84 ;-- Am. 1847, Act 105, Eff. May 16, 1847 ;-- Am. 1848, Act 150, Imd. Eff. Mar. 30, 1848 ;-- CL 1857, 3255 ;-- CL 1871, 4766 ;-- How. 6254 ;-- CL 1897, 8646 ;-- CL 1915, 11422 ;-- CL 1929, 12753 ;-- CL 1948, 552.34 ;-- Am. 1983, Act 211, Imd. Eff. Nov. 10, 1983 ;-- Am. 2023, Act 76, Imd. Eff. July 12, 2023
Popular Name:
No-Fault Divorce
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (552.1 - 552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84 - Chapter 84 Chapter 84. of Divorce. (552.1...552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84-DIVORCE - Divorce (552.1...552.46) › Section 552.35 - Marriage Annulment; Action by Party's Next Friend.

552.35 Marriage annulment; action by party's next friend.
Sec. 35.
If, at the time of a marriage, a party to the marriage was not capable in law of contracting, an individual admitted by the court as the party's next friend may bring an action to annul the marriage.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 84 ;-- CL 1857, 3256 ;-- CL 1871, 4767 ;-- How. 6255 ;-- CL 1897, 8647 ;-- CL 1915, 11423 ;-- CL 1929, 12754 ;-- CL 1948, 552.35 ;-- Am. 2001, Act 107, Eff. Sept. 30, 2001
Popular Name:
No-Fault Divorce
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (552.1 - 552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84 - Chapter 84 Chapter 84. of Divorce. (552.1...552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84-DIVORCE - Divorce (552.1...552.46) › Section 552.36 - Marriage Annulment; Action by Party to Marriage.

552.36 Marriage annulment; action by party to marriage.
Sec. 36.
A party to a marriage who, at the time of the marriage, was not capable in law of contracting and who later becomes capable in law of contracting may bring an action to annul the marriage. The court shall not, however, annul the marriage if the court finds that the parties cohabited as husband and wife after the party became capable in law of contracting.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 84 ;-- CL 1857, 3257 ;-- CL 1871, 4768 ;-- How. 6256 ;-- CL 1897, 8648 ;-- CL 1915, 11424 ;-- CL 1929, 12755 ;-- CL 1948, 552.36 ;-- Am. 2001, Act 107, Eff. Sept. 30, 2001
Popular Name:
No-Fault Divorce
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (552.1 - 552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84 - Chapter 84 Chapter 84. of Divorce. (552.1...552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84-DIVORCE - Divorce (552.1...552.46) › Section 552.37 - Marriage Annulment; Ground of Force or Fraud; Effect of Voluntary Cohabitation.

552.37 Marriage annulment; ground of force or fraud; effect of voluntary cohabitation.
Sec. 37.
No marriage shall be annulled on the ground of force or fraud, if it shall appear that, at any time before the commencement of the suit, there was a voluntary cohabitation of the parties as husband and wife.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 84 ;-- CL 1857, 3258 ;-- CL 1871, 4769 ;-- How. 6257 ;-- CL 1897, 8649 ;-- CL 1915, 11425 ;-- CL 1929, 12756 ;-- CL 1948, 552.37
Popular Name:
No-Fault Divorce
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (552.1 - 552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84 - Chapter 84 Chapter 84. of Divorce. (552.1...552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84-DIVORCE - Divorce (552.1...552.46) › Section 552.38 - Marriage Annulment; Ground of Force or Fraud; Custody and Maintenance of Issue.

552.38 Marriage annulment; ground of force or fraud; custody and maintenance of issue.
Sec. 38.
If there shall be any issue of a marriage, annulled on the ground of force or fraud, the court shall decree their custody to the innocent parent, and may also decree a provision for their education and maintenance out of the estate and property of the guilty party.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 84 ;-- CL 1857, 3259 ;-- CL 1871, 4770 ;-- How. 6258 ;-- CL 1897, 8650 ;-- CL 1915, 11426 ;-- CL 1929, 12757 ;-- CL 1948, 552.38
Popular Name:
No-Fault Divorce
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (552.1 - 552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84 - Chapter 84 Chapter 84. of Divorce. (552.1...552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84-DIVORCE - Divorce (552.1...552.46) › Section 552.39 - Marriage Annulment; Ground of Physical Incapacity; Party to Maintain; Time Limitation of Suit.

552.39 Marriage annulment; ground of physical incapacity; party to maintain; time limitation of suit.
Sec. 39.
A suit to annul a marriage, on the ground of the physical incapacity of 1 of the parties, shall only be maintained by the injured party, against the party whose incapacity is alleged; and shall, in all cases, be brought within 2 years from the solemnization of the marriage.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 84 ;-- CL 1857, 3260 ;-- CL 1871, 4771 ;-- How. 6259 ;-- CL 1897, 8651 ;-- CL 1915, 11427 ;-- CL 1929, 12758 ;-- CL 1948, 552.39
Popular Name:
No-Fault Divorce
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (552.1 - 552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84 - Chapter 84 Chapter 84. of Divorce. (552.1...552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84-DIVORCE - Divorce (552.1...552.46) › Section 552.40-552.42 - Repealed. 1971, Act 75, Eff. Jan. 1, 1972.

552.40-552.42 Repealed. 1971, Act 75, Eff. Jan. 1, 1972.
Compiler's Notes:
The repealed sections pertained to divorce decrees, adultery, and orders for support and maintenance of wife and children.
Popular Name:
No-Fault Divorce
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (552.1 - 552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84 - Chapter 84 Chapter 84. of Divorce. (552.1...552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84-DIVORCE - Divorce (552.1...552.46) › Section 552.43 - Divorce From Bed and Board; Decree; Limited Time, Revocation.

552.43 Divorce from bed and board; decree; limited time, revocation.
Sec. 43.
When a decree of divorce from bed and board forever, or for a limited time, shall have been pronounced, it may be revoked at any time thereafter, under such regulations and restrictions as the court may impose, upon the joint application of the parties, and their producing satisfactory evidence of their reconciliation.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 84 ;-- CL 1857, 3264 ;-- CL 1871, 4775 ;-- How. 6263 ;-- CL 1897, 8655 ;-- CL 1915, 11431 ;-- CL 1929, 12762 ;-- CL 1948, 522.43
Popular Name:
No-Fault Divorce
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (552.1 - 552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84 - Chapter 84 Chapter 84. of Divorce. (552.1...552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84-DIVORCE - Divorce (552.1...552.46) › Section 552.44 - Repealed. 1971, Act 75, Eff. Jan. 1, 1972.

552.44 Repealed. 1971, Act 75, Eff. Jan. 1, 1972.
Compiler's Notes:
The repealed section pertained to testimony taken before a circuit court commissioner.
Popular Name:
No-Fault Divorce
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (552.1 - 552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84 - Chapter 84 Chapter 84. of Divorce. (552.1...552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84-DIVORCE - Divorce (552.1...552.46) › Section 552.45 - Children; Enumeration in Complaint; Notice to Prosecutor of Friend of Court; Decree Opposition, Interest of Prosecutor or Partners in Case.

552.45 Children; enumeration in complaint; notice to prosecutor of friend of court; decree opposition, interest of prosecutor or partners in case.
Sec. 45.
Every bill of complaint filed shall set forth the names and ages of all children of the marriage, and if there are children under 17 years of age a copy of the summons issued in the cause shall be served upon the prosecuting attorney of the county where suit is commenced, or upon the friend of the court in those counties having a population of 500,000 or more that have a friend of the court. The prosecuting attorney or friend of the court so served may enter his or her appearance in the cause, and if, in his or her judgment, the interest of the children or the public good so requires, he or she shall introduce evidence and appear at the hearing and oppose the granting of a decree of divorce. In a case in which there are no children the issue of such marriage under the age of 17 years, if it appears to the court that the public good requires, an order may be entered requiring the prosecuting attorney or friend of the court in counties having a population of 500,000 or more to appear and oppose the granting of a decree of divorce. Nothing in this act prevents prosecuting attorneys or their partners from acting as solicitors or counsel for either party to the suit. If a prosecuting attorney or friend of the court is in any way interested as solicitor or counsel for either of the parties the court shall appoint some reputable attorney to perform the services of prosecuting attorney, as provided in this act, who shall receive the compensation provided for such service.
History:
Add. 1887, Act 137, Eff. Sept. 28, 1887 ;-- How. 6263b ;-- CL 1897, 8657 ;-- Am. 1907, Act 315, Eff. Sept. 28, 1907 ;-- Am. 1909, Act 284, Eff. Sept. 1, 1909 ;-- CL 1915, 11433 ;-- Am. 1919, Act 397, Eff. Aug. 14, 1919 ;-- CL 1929, 12764 ;-- Am. 1931, Act 44, Eff. Sept. 18, 1931 ;-- CL 1948, 552.45 ;-- Am. 1963, Act 13, Eff. Sept. 6, 1963 ;-- Am. 2004, Act 376, Imd. Eff. Oct. 11, 2004
Popular Name:
No-Fault Divorce
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (552.1 - 552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84 - Chapter 84 Chapter 84. of Divorce. (552.1...552.46) › R-S-1846-552-1-84-DIVORCE - Divorce (552.1...552.46) › Section 552.46 - Repealed. 1971, Act 75, Eff. Jan. 1, 1972.

552.46 Repealed. 1971, Act 75, Eff. Jan. 1, 1972.
Compiler's Notes:
The repealed section pertained to remarriage.
Popular Name:
No-Fault Divorce
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 259 of 1909 - Judgments of Divorce or Separate Maintenance (552.101 - 552.104) › Section 552.102 - Realty Owned Jointly or by Entireties; Effect of Divorce Without Determination of Ownership in Decree.

552.102 Realty owned jointly or by entireties; effect of divorce without determination of ownership in decree.
Sec. 2.
Every husband and wife owning real estate as joint tenants or as tenants by entireties shall, upon being divorced, become tenants in common of such real estate, unless the ownership thereof is otherwise determined by the decree of divorce.
History:
1909, Act 259, Eff. Sept. 1, 1909 ;-- CL 1915, 11437 ;-- CL 1929, 12767 ;-- CL 1948, 552.102
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 259 of 1909 - Judgments of Divorce or Separate Maintenance (552.101 - 552.104) › Section 552.103 - Realty Owned Jointly or by Entireties; Bill of Complaint, Disposal, Sale Order, Partition.

552.103 Realty owned jointly or by entireties; bill of complaint, disposal, sale order, partition.
Sec. 3.
The bill of complaint or amendment thereto, or the answer or cross bill or amendment thereto, filed in any divorce proceeding may ask that the ownership of the lands described therein and owned by the parties to such suit as joint tenants or as tenants by entireties shall be determined by the decree of divorce, if granted, and in such case the court granting the divorce may award such lands to 1 or the other of said parties, or any part of it to either of them, or may order such lands to be sold under the direction of a circuit court commissioner, and the proceeds thereof divided between the parties in such proportion as the court shall order; or may appoint commissioners to partition such lands between said parties in the proportion fixed by the decree. The proceedings following the appointment of such commissioner shall conform to the law governing the partition of lands between tenants in common.
History:
1909, Act 259, Eff. Sept. 1, 1909 ;-- CL 1915, 11438 ;-- CL 1929, 12768 ;-- CL 1948, 552.103
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 259 of 1909 - Judgments of Divorce or Separate Maintenance (552.101 - 552.104) › Section 552.104 - Divorce Decree; Certified Copy; Recording.

552.104 Divorce decree; certified copy; recording.
Sec. 4.
A certified copy of any decree granted in a suit for divorce may be recorded in the office of the register of deeds of any county in this state.
History:
1909, Act 259, Eff. Sept. 1, 1909 ;-- CL 1915, 11439 ;-- CL 1929, 12769 ;-- CL 1948, 552.104
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 52 of 1911 - Alimony Awarded by Court of Another State (552.121 - 552.123) › Section 552.121 - Foreign Divorce Decree as Basis of Action at Law.

552.121 Foreign divorce decree as basis of action at law.
Sec. 1.
In all cases where a decree for alimony has been rendered in another state in a case where the party against whom the decree was rendered was present in court or was personally served with process within the jurisdiction of the court, the alimony decreed upon the final hearing may be recovered in an action at law in this state, regardless of whether the same is decreed to be paid in 1 payment or in installments from time to time.
History:
1911, Act 52, Eff. Aug. 1, 1911 ;-- CL 1915, 11440 ;-- CL 1929, 12770 ;-- CL 1948, 552.121
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 52 of 1911 - Alimony Awarded by Court of Another State (552.121 - 552.123) › Section 552.122 - Stay of Proceedings.

552.122 Stay of proceedings.
Sec. 2.
If the defendant in this state shows that he has made proper application in the court of the other state for a reduction or any further order in relation to the alimony in the courts of the other state, the court in this state may stay the proceedings in this state on such terms as it desires to impose.
History:
1911, Act 52, Eff. Aug. 1, 1911 ;-- CL 1915, 11441 ;-- CL 1929, 12771 ;-- CL 1948, 552.122
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 52 of 1911 - Alimony Awarded by Court of Another State (552.121 - 552.123) › Section 552.123 - Judgment; Stay, Amendment.

552.123 Judgment; stay, amendment.
Sec. 3.
All judgments in such cases shall be stayed 60 days, and if during said term the defendant in this state presents satisfactory evidence of a change in the decree of the courts of the other state, the court may alter or amend its judgment as to it may seem proper and just.
History:
1911, Act 52, Eff. Aug. 1, 1911 ;-- CL 1915, 11442 ;-- CL 1929, 12772 ;-- CL 1948, 552.123
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 379 of 1913 - Collection of Alimony or Support and Maintenance (552.151 - 552.156) › Section 552.151 - Alimony or Support and Maintenance Order in Suit for Divorce or Separate Maintenance; Petition; Punishment for Neglect or Violation.

552.151 Alimony or support and maintenance order in suit for divorce or separate maintenance; petition; punishment for neglect or violation.
Sec. 1.
In a suit for divorce or separate maintenance, if an order or decree for payment of temporary or permanent alimony, or of support and maintenance for minor children or for children who are 18 years of age or older, has been made, and if the party, plaintiff, or defendant, has appeared in person or by attorney or has been personally served with process within the jurisdiction of the court making the order or decree, then the court may punish by fine or imprisonment, or both, any neglect or violation of the order upon petition of the party whose rights may have been impaired, impeded, or prejudiced by neglect or violation.
History:
1913, Act 379, Eff. Aug. 14, 1913 ;-- CL 1915, 11443 ;-- CL 1929, 12773 ;-- CL 1948, 552.151 ;-- Am. 1962, Act 176, Eff. Mar. 24, 1963 ;-- Am. 1990, Act 242, Imd. Eff. Oct. 10, 1990
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 379 of 1913 - Collection of Alimony or Support and Maintenance (552.151 - 552.156) › Section 552.152 - Payments in Default; Motion; Attachment; “State Disbursement Unit” or “Sdu” Defined.

552.152 Payments in default; motion; attachment; “state disbursement unit” or “SDU” defined.
Sec. 2.
(1) When a decree or order described in section 1 orders payments to be made to the clerk of the court, the friend of the court, or the state disbursement unit and a payment is in default, the party prejudiced may make a motion before the court showing by records in the clerk's or friend of the court's office, or otherwise, that the default has occurred, and the court may issue an attachment to arrest the party in default and bring the party immediately before the court to answer for the default.
(2) As used in this act, "state disbursement unit" or "SDU" means the entity established in section 6 of the office of child support act, 1971 PA 174, MCL 400.236.
History:
1913, Act 379, Eff. Aug. 14, 1913 ;-- CL 1915, 11444 ;-- Am. 1923, Act 232, Eff. Aug. 30, 1923 ;-- CL 1929, 12774 ;-- CL 1948, 552.152 ;-- Am. 1962, Act 176, Eff. Mar. 28, 1963 ;-- Am. 1999, Act 153, Imd. Eff. Nov. 3, 1999
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 379 of 1913 - Collection of Alimony or Support and Maintenance (552.151 - 552.156) › Section 552.153 - Order for Payment; Demand or Notice Not Necessity.

552.153 Order for payment; demand or notice not necessity.
Sec. 3.
No demand or notice of making the order for such payment shall be necessary in the cases enumerated in section 1.
History:
1913, Act 379, Eff. Aug. 14, 1913 ;-- CL 1915, 11445 ;-- CL 1929, 12775 ;-- CL 1948, 552.153 ;-- Am. 1962, Act 176, Eff. Mar. 28, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 379 of 1913 - Collection of Alimony or Support and Maintenance (552.151 - 552.156) › Section 552.154 - Attachment; Arrest, Custody of Party.

552.154 Attachment; arrest, custody of party.
Sec. 4.
The attachment shall be executed by the sheriff of the county, or by any officer authorized to make such arrest, who shall arrest the party named therein and keep him in actual custody and bring him forthwith before the court issuing the attachment, and shall keep and detain him until the court shall make some further order.
History:
1913, Act 379, Eff. Aug. 14, 1913 ;-- CL 1915, 11446 ;-- CL 1929, 12776 ;-- CL 1948, 552.154 ;-- Am. 1962, Act 176, Eff. Mar. 28, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 379 of 1913 - Collection of Alimony or Support and Maintenance (552.151 - 552.156) › Section 552.155 - Attachment; Discharge by Execution of Bond, Court Order.

552.155 Attachment; discharge by execution of bond, court order.
Sec. 5.
The party arrested on the attachment shall be discharged therefrom upon executing and delivering to the clerk of the court issuing such attachment a bond, with 2 sufficient sureties in a penal sum to be fixed by the court, conditioned for immediate and faithful performance of the terms of the order for such payment, or the party may be discharged from arrest by such other order as the court may enter after a full hearing thereon.
History:
1913, Act 379, Eff. Aug. 14, 1913 ;-- CL 1915, 11447 ;-- CL 1929, 12777 ;-- CL 1948, 552.155 ;-- Am. 1962, Act 176, Eff. Mar. 28, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 379 of 1913 - Collection of Alimony or Support and Maintenance (552.151 - 552.156) › Section 552.156 - Transition to Centralized Receipt and Disbursement of Support and Fees.

552.156 Transition to centralized receipt and disbursement of support and fees.
Sec. 6.
The department, the SDU, and each office of the friend of the court shall cooperate in the transition to the centralized receipt and disbursement of support and fees. An office of the friend of the court shall continue to receive and disburse support and fees through the transition, based on the schedule developed as required by section 6 of the office of child support act, 1971 PA 174, MCL 400.236, and modifications to that schedule as the department considers necessary.
History:
Add. 1999, Act 153, Imd. Eff. Nov. 3, 1999
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Repealed - Act 239 of 1913 - Failure to Pay Support and Maintenance (552.201 - 552.203)

FAILURE TO PAY SUPPORT AND MAINTENANCE
Act 239 of 1913
552.201-552.203 Repealed. 1982, Act 295, Eff. July 1, 1983.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Repealed - Act 412 of 1919 - Friend of Court in Divorce Cases (552.251 - 552.255)

FRIEND OF COURT IN DIVORCE CASES
Act 412 of 1919
552.251-552.255 Repealed. 1982, Act 294, Eff. July 1, 1983.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 299 of 1905 - Change of Name of Divorced Woman (552.391 - 552.391) › Section 552.391 - Divorced Woman; Change of Name.

552.391 Divorced woman; change of name.
Sec. 1.
The circuit courts of this state, whenever a decree of divorce is granted, may, at the instance of the woman, whether complainant or defendant, decree to restore to her her birth name, or the surname she legally bore prior to her marriage to the husband in the divorce action, or allow her to adopt another surname if the change is not sought with any fraudulent or evil intent.
History:
1905, Act 299, Eff. Sept. 16, 1905 ;-- CL 1915, 11435 ;-- CL 1929, 12787 ;-- CL 1948, 552.391 ;-- Am. 1975, Act 40, Imd. Eff. May 12, 1975
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 42 of 1949 - Award of Property Owned by Spouse to Party (552.401 - 552.402) › Section 552.401 - Property Owned by Spouse; Award to Party Contributing to Acquisition, Improvement, or Accumulation Thereof; Effect of Decree.

552.401 Property owned by spouse; award to party contributing to acquisition, improvement, or accumulation thereof; effect of decree.
Sec. 1.
The circuit court of this state may include in any decree of divorce or of separate maintenance entered in the circuit court appropriate provisions awarding to a party all or a portion of the property, either real or personal, owned by his or her spouse, as appears to the court to be equitable under all the circumstances of the case, if it appears from the evidence in the case that the party contributed to the acquisition, improvement, or accumulation of the property. The decree, upon becoming final, shall have the same force and effect as a quitclaim deed of the real estate, if any, or a bill of sale of the personal property, if any, given by the party's spouse to the party.
History:
1949, Act 42, Eff. Sept. 23, 1949 ;-- Am. 1983, Act 215, Imd. Eff. Nov. 11, 1983
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 42 of 1949 - Award of Property Owned by Spouse to Party (552.401 - 552.402) › Section 552.402 - Certified Copy of Decree; Recording or Filing.

552.402 Certified copy of decree; recording or filing.
Sec. 2.
A certified copy of any such decree may be recorded or filed in the office of the register of deeds of any county wherein any real estate or personal property described in such decree may be located.
History:
1949, Act 42, Eff. Sept. 23, 1949
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 138 of 1966 - The Family Support Act (552.451 - 552.459) › Section 552.451 - Proceedings for Support of Custodial Parent and Children; Complaint; Service; Prohibition.

552.451 Proceedings for support of custodial parent and children; complaint; service; prohibition.
Sec. 1.
A married parent who has a minor child or children living with him or her and who is living separate and away from his or her spouse who is the noncustodial parent of the child or children, and who is refused financial assistance by the noncustodial parent to provide necessary shelter, food, care, and clothing for the child or children, if the spouse is of sufficient financial ability to provide that assistance, may complain to the circuit court for the county where either parent resides for an order for support for himself or herself and the minor child or children. Subject to section 5b of the support and parenting time enforcement act, 1982 PA 295, MCL 552.605b, the parent may also complain to the circuit court for support for a child or children after they reach 18 years of age. The proceedings shall be commenced by the filing of a complaint verified by the petitioner and by issuance of a summons that shall be served upon the noncustodial parent of the children and spouse of the petitioner in the manner provided by court rules for the service of process in civil actions. A complaint shall not be filed and a summons shall not be issued if divorce or separate maintenance proceedings are then pending between the petitioner and his or her spouse.
History:
1966, Act 138, Eff. Mar. 10, 1967 ;-- Am. 1983, Act 196, Imd. Eff. Nov. 7, 1983 ;-- Am. 1990, Act 237, Imd. Eff. Oct. 10, 1990 ;-- Am. 2002, Act 8, Imd. Eff. Feb. 14, 2002 ;-- Am. 2009, Act 236, Imd. Eff. Jan. 8, 2010
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 138 of 1966 - The Family Support Act (552.451 - 552.459) › Section 552.451a - Proceedings for Support of Children; Support Order; Burden of Proof; Applicability of Section.

552.451a Proceedings for support of children; support order; burden of proof; applicability of section.
Sec. 1a.
A custodial parent or guardian of a minor child or children or a child or children who have reached 18 years of age may proceed in the same manner, and under the same circumstances as provided in section 1, against the noncustodial parent for the support of the child or children. The order of support shall provide only for the support of the child or children, and the burden of proof shall be the same as provided in section 2. This section applies only to legitimate, legitimated, and lawfully adopted minor children and, subject to section 5b of the support and parenting time enforcement act, 1982 PA 295, MCL 552.605b, children after they reach 18 years of age.
History:
Add. 1970, Act 153, Imd. Eff. Aug. 1, 1970 ;-- Am. 1983, Act 196, Imd. Eff. Nov. 7, 1983 ;-- Am. 1990, Act 237, Imd. Eff. Oct. 10, 1990 ;-- Am. 2002, Act 8, Imd. Eff. Feb. 14, 2002
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 138 of 1966 - The Family Support Act (552.451 - 552.459) › Section 552.451b - Proceedings for Support of Custodial Parent and Children Being Supported by Public Assistance; Burden of Proof.

552.451b Proceedings for support of custodial parent and children being supported by public assistance; burden of proof.
Sec. 1b.
The director of social services or his or her designated representative or the director of the county department of social services of the county where the custodial parent or minor child or children or child or children who have reached 18 years of age reside or the director's designated representative may proceed in the same manner and under the same circumstances as provided in sections 1 and 1a against the noncustodial parent for the support of the custodial parent and minor child or children or child or children who have reached 18 years of age if the custodial parent and minor child or children or child or children who have reached 18 years of age or any of them are being supported, in whole or in part, by public assistance under the social welfare act, Act No. 280 of the Public Acts of 1939, as amended, being sections 400.1 to 400.121 of the Michigan Compiled Laws. The burden of proof shall be the same as provided in section 2.
History:
Add. 1971, Act 195, Imd. Eff. Dec. 20, 1971 ;-- Am. 1983, Act 196, Imd. Eff. Nov. 7, 1983 ;-- Am. 1990, Act 237, Imd. Eff. Oct. 10, 1990
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 138 of 1966 - The Family Support Act (552.451 - 552.459) › Section 552.451c - Repealed. 2001, Act 111, Eff. Sept. 30, 2001.

552.451c Repealed. 2001, Act 111, Eff. Sept. 30, 2001.
Compiler's Notes:
The repealed section pertained to support for child after child reaches 18 years of age.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 138 of 1966 - The Family Support Act (552.451 - 552.459) › Section 552.453 - Transmitting Order for Support to Friend of Court.

552.453 Transmitting order for support to friend of court.
Sec. 3.
Upon the entry of any order for support under this act, a copy of the order shall be transmitted to the friend of the court of the county in which the order was entered.
History:
1966, Act 138, Eff. Mar. 10, 1967 ;-- Am. 1985, Act 212, Eff. Mar. 1, 1986
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 138 of 1966 - The Family Support Act (552.451 - 552.459) › Section 552.454 - Prosecuting Attorney as Attorney for Petitioner; Agreement to Transfer Prosecutor's Responsibilities; Conduct of Proceeding on Behalf of State; Utilization of Child Support Formula as Guideline; Transmittal of Payments to Department of Human Services.

552.454 Prosecuting attorney as attorney for petitioner; agreement to transfer prosecutor's responsibilities; conduct of proceeding on behalf of state; utilization of child support formula as guideline; transmittal of payments to department of human services.
Sec. 4.
(1) If the county department of human services where the custodial parent or guardian of the minor child or children or the child or children who have reached 18 years of age resides determines the custodial parent, the minor child or children, the child or children who have reached 18 years of age, or any of them to be eligible for public or medical assistance, or if a complaint is being filed under section 1b, the prosecuting attorney shall act as the attorney for the petitioner.
(2) The prosecuting attorney and the department of human services may enter into an agreement to transfer the prosecutor's responsibilities under this act to 1 of the following:
(a) The friend of the court, with the approval of the chief judge of the circuit court.
(b) An attorney employed or contracted by the county under section 1 of 1941 PA 14, MCL 49.71.
(c) An attorney employed by, or under contract with, the department of human services.
(3) A proceeding under this section is conducted on behalf of the state and not as the attorney for any other party.
(4) The child support formula developed under section 19 of the friend of the court act, 1982 PA 294, MCL 552.519, shall be used as a guideline in petitioning for child support. Upon certification by the department of human services that the custodial parent and minor child or children or child or children who have reached 18 years of age are receiving public assistance, a payment received by the friend of the court or the state disbursement unit for the support of the custodial parent and minor child or children or child or children who have reached 18 years of age shall be transmitted to the department of human services.
History:
1966, Act 138, Eff. Mar. 10, 1967 ;-- Am. 1970, Act 153, Imd. Eff. Aug. 1, 1970 ;-- Am. 1971, Act 195, Imd. Eff. Dec. 20, 1971 ;-- Am. 1983, Act 196, Imd. Eff. Nov. 7, 1983 ;-- Am. 1985, Act 212, Eff. Mar. 1, 1986 ;-- Am. 1990, Act 237, Imd. Eff. Oct. 10, 1990 ;-- Am. 1990, Act 292, Imd. Eff. Dec. 14, 1990 ;-- Am. 1999, Act 158, Imd. Eff. Nov. 3, 1999 ;-- Am. 2014, Act 369, Eff. Mar. 17, 2015
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 138 of 1966 - The Family Support Act (552.451 - 552.459) › Section 552.455 - Modification of Order; Application and Notice; Order Void Upon Entry of Judgment of Divorce or Separate Maintenance.

552.455 Modification of order; application and notice; order void upon entry of judgment of divorce or separate maintenance.
Sec. 5.
An order entered under section 2 may be modified by the court upon proper application to the court and due notice to the opposite party. If a judgment of divorce or of separate maintenance is entered by a court having personal jurisdiction over the parties, an order entered under this act is null and void upon the effective date of the judgment.
History:
1966, Act 138, Eff. Mar. 10, 1967 ;-- Am. 1990, Act 237, Imd. Eff. Oct. 10, 1990 ;-- Am. 1990, Act 292, Imd. Eff. Dec. 14, 1990 ;-- Am. 1996, Act 5, Eff. June 1, 1996 ;-- Am. 2002, Act 8, Imd. Eff. Feb. 14, 2002
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 138 of 1966 - The Family Support Act (552.451 - 552.459) › Section 552.456 - Warrant for Criminal Nonsupport; Testimony.

552.456 Warrant for criminal nonsupport; testimony.
Sec. 6.
A warrant for criminal nonsupport shall not issue or be enforced against any parent who is a party to the proceedings provided for in this act if the parent complies with an order entered by a court as provided in this act. The parent's testimony, if any, in proceedings under this act is not admissible in such criminal proceedings.
History:
1966, Act 138, Eff. Mar. 10, 1967 ;-- Am. 1970, Act 153, Imd. Eff. Aug. 1, 1970 ;-- Am. 1983, Act 196, Imd. Eff. Nov. 7, 1983
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 138 of 1966 - The Family Support Act (552.451 - 552.459) › Section 552.457 - Repealed. 2009, Act 236, Imd. Eff. Jan. 8, 2010.

552.457 Repealed. 2009, Act 236, Imd. Eff. Jan. 8, 2010.
Compiler's Notes:
The repealed section pertained to reimbursement of county for cost of enforcing support or parenting time orders.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 138 of 1966 - The Family Support Act (552.451 - 552.459) › Section 552.458 - Fees and Costs.

552.458 Fees and costs.
Sec. 8.
No filing, order or stenographer's fees shall be required for an action or proceedings under this act, but the court may assess any such costs, service costs and attorney fees against the defendant in the order of support or any modification thereof.
History:
Add. 1970, Act 153, Imd. Eff. Aug. 1, 1970
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 138 of 1966 - The Family Support Act (552.451 - 552.459) › Section 552.458a - Centralized Receipt and Disbursement of Support.

552.458a Centralized receipt and disbursement of support.
Sec. 8a.
The SDU is responsible for the centralized receipt and disbursement of support. An office of the friend of the court may continue to receive support and fees.
History:
Add. 1999, Act 158, Imd. Eff. Nov. 3, 1999 ;-- Am. 2002, Act 574, Eff. Dec. 1, 2002 ;-- Am. 2009, Act 236, Imd. Eff. Jan. 8, 2010
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 138 of 1966 - The Family Support Act (552.451 - 552.459) › Section 552.459 - Short Title; “State Disbursement Unit” or “Sdu” Defined.

552.459 Short title; “state disbursement unit” or “SDU” defined.
Sec. 9.
(1) This act shall be known and may be cited as "the family support act".
(2) As used in this act, "state disbursement unit" or "SDU" means the entity established in section 6 of the office of child support act, 1971 PA 174, MCL 400.236.
History:
Add. 1970, Act 153, Imd. Eff. Aug. 1, 1970 ;-- Am. 1999, Act 158, Imd. Eff. Nov. 3, 1999
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 294 of 1982 - Friend of the Court Act (552.501 - 552.535) › Section 552.501 - Short Title; Purposes and Construction of Act.

552.501 Short title; purposes and construction of act.
Sec. 1.
(1) This act shall be known and may be cited as the "friend of the court act".
(2) The purposes of this act are to enumerate and describe the powers and duties of the friend of the court and the office of the friend of the court; to ensure that procedures adopted by the friend of the court will protect the best interests of children in domestic relations matters; to encourage and assist parties voluntarily to resolve contested domestic relations matters by agreement; to compel the enforcement of parenting time and custody orders; and to compel the enforcement of support orders, ensuring that persons legally responsible for the care and support of children assume their legal obligations and reducing the financial cost to this state of providing public assistance funds for the care of children. This act shall be construed to promote the enumerated purposes and to facilitate the resolution of domestic relations matters.
History:
1982, Act 294, Eff. July 1, 1983 ;-- Am. 1996, Act 144, Imd. Eff. Mar. 25, 1996
Popular Name:
Friend of the Court
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 294 of 1982 - Friend of the Court Act (552.501 - 552.535) › Section 552.503 - Office of the Friend of the Court; Creation in Judicial Circuit; Exception; Separate Office in County; Vacancy; Merger; Head of Office as Friend of the Court; Friend of the Court as Employee of Circuit Court; Performance of Duties; Office Procedures; Availability of Services to Public.

552.503 Office of the friend of the court; creation in judicial circuit; exception; separate office in county; vacancy; merger; head of office as friend of the court; friend of the court as employee of circuit court; performance of duties; office procedures; availability of services to public.
Sec. 3.
(1) There is created in each judicial circuit of this state an office of the friend of the court, except as provided in subsection (2).
(2) If each county in a multicounty judicial circuit has a separate office of the friend of the court on the day before the effective date of this act, each county in that circuit shall have a separate office of the friend of the court on the effective date of this act. If a vacancy occurs in the position of the friend of the court in such a county, the chief judge may merge the office of the friend of the court in that county with the office of the friend of the court in another county of the judicial circuit.
(3) The head of each office is the friend of the court serving under section 21(1) or appointed according to section 23.
(4) The friend of the court is an employee of the circuit court in the judicial circuit served by the friend of the court.
(5) The duties of the office shall be performed under the direction and supervision of the chief judge.
(6) Except as otherwise required by federal law on cases that are eligible for funding under title IV-D, the friend of the court is only required to perform activities under this act or the support and parenting time enforcement act when a party in that case has requested title IV-D services.
(7) Each friend of the court shall take all necessary steps to adopt office procedures to implement this act, the Michigan court rules, and the recommendations of the bureau. Office of the friend of the court duties shall be performed in accordance with the Elliott-Larsen civil rights act, 1976 PA 453, MCL 37.2101 to 37.2804.
(8) An office of the friend of the court shall be open to the public making available all of the office's services not less than 20 hours each month during nontraditional office hours. This subsection does not require an office of the friend of the court to be open for a greater number of hours than it was required to be open before January 1, 1997.
History:
1982, Act 294, Eff. July 1, 1983 ;-- Am. 1996, Act 365, Eff. Jan. 1, 1997 ;-- Am. 2004, Act 210, Eff. Oct. 1, 2004
Popular Name:
Friend of the Court
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 294 of 1982 - Friend of the Court Act (552.501 - 552.535) › Section 552.504 - Citizen Friend of the Court Advisory Committee; Establishment; Composition; Appointment; Vacancy; Terms; Election of Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson; Court Administrative Office Guidelines; Term Limitation.

552.504 Citizen friend of the court advisory committee; establishment; composition; appointment; vacancy; terms; election of chairperson and vice-chairperson; court administrative office guidelines; term limitation.
Sec. 4.
(1) Each county may establish a citizen friend of the court advisory committee composed of the following members, each of whom is a resident of the county:
(a) A noncustodial parent.
(b) A custodial parent.
(c) An attorney who engages primarily in family law practice.
(d) The county sheriff or the sheriff's designee.
(e) The prosecuting attorney or the prosecuting attorney's designee.
(f) The director of the family independence agency or the director's designee.
(g) A mental health professional who provides family counseling.
(h) Two members of the general public who are not serving on the committee in a category listed in subdivisions (a) to (g).
(2) Except for a member serving under subsection (1)(d), (e), or (f), and except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the county board shall appoint the citizen advisory committee members. In a county organized under 1966 PA 293, MCL 45.501 to 45.521, the county executive shall appoint the citizen advisory committee members with the advice and consent of the county board, and shall exercise the other powers and duties prescribed for the county board by this section in regard to the citizen advisory committee.
(3) A vacancy on the citizen advisory committee shall be filled for the remainder of the term in the same manner as the position was originally filled. The county board shall attempt to compose the citizen advisory committee so that its membership reflects the ethnic, racial, and gender distribution of the community that it serves.
(4) Committee members shall serve renewable terms of 3 years for each time appointed. Members appointed under subsection (1)(a), (b), (c), (g), and (h) shall serve initial terms of 3 years for 2 members, 2 years for 2 members, and 1 year for 2 members to allow 1/3 of those members to be appointed to the committee each year.
(5) A citizen advisory committee shall elect 1 of its members as chairperson and 1 as vice-chairperson.
(6) A citizen advisory committee shall honor any guidelines established by the state court administrative office for a friend of the court office pertaining to citizen advisory committees.
(7) Except for a member serving under subsection (1)(d), (e), or (f), a citizen advisory committee member shall not serve more than 2 consecutive terms. After completion of 2 consecutive terms, a former member shall not be reappointed to serve during the 2 years immediately following the end of his or her previous term.
History:
Add. 1996, Act 366, Eff. Jan. 1, 1997 ;-- Am. 2004, Act 210, Eff. Oct. 1, 2004
Popular Name:
Friend of the Court