reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 16 Legislature; Officers, Rules of Procedure, Expulsion of Members.

§ 16 Legislature; officers, rules of procedure, expulsion of members.
Sec. 16.
Each house, except as otherwise provided in this constitution, shall choose its own officers and determine the rules of its proceedings, but shall not adopt any rule that will prevent a majority of the members elected thereto and serving therein from discharging a committee from the further consideration of any measure. Each house shall be the sole judge of the qualifications, elections and returns of its members, and may, with the concurrence of two-thirds of all the members elected thereto and serving therein, expel a member. The reasons for such expulsion shall be entered in the journal, with the votes and names of the members voting upon the question. No member shall be expelled a second time for the same cause.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 16, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, § 15.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 17 Committees; Record of Votes, Public Inspection, Notice of Hearings.

§ 17 Committees; record of votes, public inspection, notice of hearings.
Sec. 17.
Each house of the legislature may establish the committees necessary for the efficient conduct of its business and the legislature may create joint committees. On all actions on bills and resolutions in each committee, names and votes of members shall be recorded. Such vote shall be available for public inspection. Notice of all committee hearings and a clear statement of all subjects to be considered at each hearing shall be published in the journal in advance of the hearing.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 17, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 18 Journal of Proceedings; Record of Votes, Dissents.

§ 18 Journal of proceedings; record of votes, dissents.
Sec. 18.
Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and publish the same unless the public security otherwise requires. The record of the vote and name of the members of either house voting on any question shall be entered in the journal at the request of one-fifth of the members present. Any member of either house may dissent from and protest against any act, proceeding or resolution which he deems injurious to any person or the public, and have the reason for his dissent entered in the journal.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 18, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, § 16.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 19 Record of Votes on Elections and Advice and Consent.

§ 19 Record of votes on elections and advice and consent.
Sec. 19.
All elections in either house or in joint convention and all votes on appointments submitted to the senate for advice and consent shall be published by vote and name in the journal.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 19, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, § 17.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 20 Open Meetings.

§ 20 Open meetings.
Sec. 20.
The doors of each house shall be open unless the public security otherwise requires.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 20, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, § 18.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 21 Adjournments, Limitations.

§ 21 Adjournments, limitations.
Sec. 21.
Neither house shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than two intervening calendar days, nor to any place other than where the legislature may then be in session.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 21, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, § 18.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 22 Bills.

§ 22 Bills.
Sec. 22.
All legislation shall be by bill and may originate in either house.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 22, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, § 19.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 23 Style of Laws.

§ 23 Style of laws.
Sec. 23.
The style of the laws shall be: The People of the State of Michigan enact.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 23, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, § 20.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 24 Laws; Object, Title, Amendments Changing Purpose.

§ 24 Laws; object, title, amendments changing purpose.
Sec. 24.
No law shall embrace more than one object, which shall be expressed in its title. No bill shall be altered or amended on its passage through either house so as to change its original purpose as determined by its total content and not alone by its title.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 24, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, §§ 21, 22.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 25 Revision and Amendment of Laws; Title References, Publication of Entire Sections.

§ 25 Revision and amendment of laws; title references, publication of entire sections.
Sec. 25.
No law shall be revised, altered or amended by reference to its title only. The section or sections of the act altered or amended shall be re-enacted and published at length.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 25, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, § 21.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 26 Bills; Printing, Possession, Reading, Vote on Passage.

§ 26 Bills; printing, possession, reading, vote on passage.
Sec. 26.
No bill shall be passed or become a law at any regular session of the legislature until it has been printed or reproduced and in the possession of each house for at least five days. Every bill shall be read three times in each house before the final passage thereof. No bill shall become a law without the concurrence of a majority of the members elected to and serving in each house. On the final passage of bills, the votes and names of the members voting thereon shall be entered in the journal.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 26, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Constitutionality:
In Advisory Opinion on Constitutionality of 1978 PA 426, 403 Mich. 631, 272 N.W.2d 495 (1978), the Michigan supreme court held that the lieutenant governor may cast a tie-breaking vote during the final consideration of a bill when the senate is equally divided, and 1978 PA 426 was constitutionally enacted.
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, §§ 22, 23.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 27 Laws, Effective Date.

§ 27 Laws, effective date.
Sec. 27.
No act shall take effect until the expiration of 90 days from the end of the session at which it was passed, but the legislature may give immediate effect to acts by a two-thirds vote of the members elected to and serving in each house.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 27, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Constitutionality:
A law proposed by initiative petition which is enacted by the Legislature without change or amendment within forty days of its reception takes effect ninety days after the end of the session in which it was enacted unless two-thirds of the members of each house of the Legislature vote to give it immediate effect. Frey v Department of Management and Budget, 429 Mich 315; 414 NW2d 873 (1987).
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, § 21.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 28 Bills, Subjects at Special Session.

§ 28 Bills, subjects at special session.
Sec. 28.
When the legislature is convened on extraordinary occasions in special session no bill shall be passed on any subjects other than those expressly stated in the governor's proclamation or submitted by special message.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 28, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, § 22.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 29 Local or Special Acts.

§ 29 Local or special acts.
Sec. 29.
The legislature shall pass no local or special act in any case where a general act can be made applicable, and whether a general act can be made applicable shall be a judicial question. No local or special act shall take effect until approved by two-thirds of the members elected to and serving in each house and by a majority of the electors voting thereon in the district affected. Any act repealing local or special acts shall require only a majority of the members elected to and serving in each house and shall not require submission to the electors of such district.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 29, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, § 30.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 30 Appropriations; Local or Private Purposes.

§ 30 Appropriations; local or private purposes.
Sec. 30.
The assent of two-thirds of the members elected to and serving in each house of the legislature shall be required for the appropriation of public money or property for local or private purposes.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 30, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, § 24.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 31 General Appropriation Bills; Priority, Statement of Estimated Revenue.

§ 31 General appropriation bills; priority, statement of estimated revenue.
Sec. 31.
The general appropriation bills for the succeeding fiscal period covering items set forth in the budget shall be passed or rejected in either house of the legislature before that house passes any appropriation bill for items not in the budget except bills supplementing appropriations for the current fiscal year's operation. Any bill requiring an appropriation to carry out its purpose shall be considered an appropriation bill. One of the general appropriation bills as passed by the legislature shall contain an itemized statement of estimated revenue by major source in each operating fund for the ensuing fiscal period, the total of which shall not be less than the total of all appropriations made from each fund in the general appropriation bills as passed.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 31, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 32 Laws Imposing Taxes.

§ 32 Laws imposing taxes.
Sec. 32.
Every law which imposes, continues or revives a tax shall distinctly state the tax.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 32, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. X, § 6.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 33 Bills Passed; Approval by Governor or Veto, Reconsideration by Legislature.

§ 33 Bills passed; approval by governor or veto, reconsideration by legislature.
Sec. 33.
Every bill passed by the legislature shall be presented to the governor before it becomes law, and the governor shall have 14 days measured in hours and minutes from the time of presentation in which to consider it. If he approves, he shall within that time sign and file it with the secretary of state and it shall become law. If he does not approve, and the legislature has within that time finally adjourned the session at which the bill was passed, it shall not become law. If he disapproves, and the legislature continues the session at which the bill was passed, he shall return it within such 14-day period with his objections, to the house in which it originated. That house shall enter such objections in full in its journal and reconsider the bill. If two-thirds of the members elected to and serving in that house pass the bill notwithstanding the objections of the governor, it shall be sent with the objections to the other house for reconsideration. The bill shall become law if passed by two-thirds of the members elected to and serving in that house. The vote of each house shall be entered in the journal with the votes and names of the members voting thereon. If any bill is not returned by the governor within such 14-day period, the legislature continuing in session, it shall become law as if he had signed it.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 33, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, § 36.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 34 Bills, Referendum.

§ 34 Bills, referendum.
Sec. 34.
Any bill passed by the legislature and approved by the governor, except a bill appropriating money, may provide that it will not become law unless approved by a majority of the electors voting thereon.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 34, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, § 38.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 35 Publication and Distribution of Laws and Judicial Decisions.

§ 35 Publication and distribution of laws and judicial decisions.
Sec. 35.
All laws enacted at any session of the legislature shall be published in book form within 60 days after final adjournment of the session, and shall be distributed in the manner provided by law. The prompt publication of judicial decisions shall be provided by law. All laws and judicial decisions shall be free for publication by any person.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 35, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, § 39.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 36 General Revision of Laws; Compilation of Laws.

§ 36 General revision of laws; compilation of laws.
Sec. 36.
No general revision of the laws shall be made. The legislature may provide for a compilation of the laws in force, arranged without alteration, under appropriate heads and titles.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 36, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, § 40.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 37 Administrative Rules, Suspension by Legislative Committee.

§ 37 Administrative rules, suspension by legislative committee.
Sec. 37.
The legislature may by concurrent resolution empower a joint committee of the legislature, acting between sessions, to suspend any rule or regulation promulgated by an administrative agency subsequent to the adjournment of the last preceding regular legislative session. Such suspension shall continue no longer than the end of the next regular legislative session.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 37, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 38 Vacancies in Office.

§ 38 Vacancies in office.
Sec. 38.
The legislature may provide by law the cases in which any office shall be vacant and the manner of filling vacancies where no provision is made in this constitution.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 38, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. XVI, § 5.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 39 Continuity of Government in Emergencies.

§ 39 Continuity of government in emergencies.
Sec. 39.
In order to insure continuity of state and local governmental operations in periods of emergency only, resulting from disasters occurring in this state caused by enemy attack on the United States, the legislature may provide by law for prompt and temporary succession to the powers and duties of public offices, of whatever nature and whether filled by election or appointment, the incumbents of which may become unavailable for carrying on the powers and duties of such offices; and enact other laws necessary and proper for insuring the continuity of governmental operations. Notwithstanding the power conferred by this section, elections shall always be called as soon as possible to fill any vacancies in elective offices temporarily occupied by operation of any legislation enacted pursuant to the provisions of this section.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 39, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. XVI, § 5.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 40 Alcoholic Beverages; Age Requirement; Liquor Control Commission; Excise Tax; Local Option.

§ 40 Alcoholic beverages; age requirement; liquor control commission; excise tax; local option.
Sec. 40.
A person shall not sell or give any alcoholic beverage to any person who has not reached the age of 21 years. A person who has not reached the age of 21 years shall not possess any alcoholic beverage for the purpose of personal consumption. An alcoholic beverage is any beverage containing one-half of one percent or more alcohol by volume.
Except as prohibited by this section, (t)he legislature may by law establish a liquor control commission which, subject to statutory limitations, shall exercise complete control of the alcoholic beverage traffic within this state, including the retail sales thereof. The legislature may provide for an excise tax on such sales. Neither the legislature nor the commission may authorize the manufacture or sale of alcoholic beverages in any county in which a majority of the electors voting thereon shall prohibit the same.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 40, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 ;-- Am. Initiated Law, approved Nov. 7, 1978, Eff. Dec. 23, 1978
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. XVI, § 11.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 41 Lotteries.

§ 41 Lotteries.
Sec. 41.
The legislature may authorize lotteries and permit the sale of lottery tickets in the manner provided by law. No law enacted after January 1, 2004, that authorizes any form of gambling shall be effective, nor after January 1, 2004, shall any new state lottery games utilizing table games or player operated mechanical or electronic devices be established, without the approval of a majority of electors voting in a statewide general election and a majority of electors voting in the township or city where gambling will take place. This section shall not apply to gambling in up to three casinos in the City of Detroit or to Indian tribal gaming.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 41, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 ;-- Am. H.J.R. V, approved May 16, 1972, Eff. July 1, 1972 ;-- Am. Init., approved Nov. 2, 2004, Eff. Dec. 18, 2004
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, § 33.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 42 Ports and Port Districts; Incorporation, Internal.

§ 42 Ports and port districts; incorporation, internal.
Sec. 42.
The legislature may provide for the incorporation of ports and port districts, and confer power and authority upon them to engage in work of internal improvements in connection therewith.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 42, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VIII, § 30.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 43 Bank and Trust Company Laws.

§ 43 Bank and trust company laws.
Sec. 43.
No general law providing for the incorporation of trust companies or corporations for banking purposes, or regulating the business thereof, shall be enacted, amended or repealed except by a vote of two-thirds of the members elected to and serving in each house.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 43, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. XII, § 9.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 44 Trial by Jury in Civil Cases.

§ 44 Trial by jury in civil cases.
Sec. 44.
The legislature may authorize a trial by a jury of less than 12 jurors in civil cases.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 44, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, § 27.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 45 Indeterminate Sentences.

§ 45 Indeterminate sentences.
Sec. 45.
The legislature may provide for indeterminate sentences as punishment for crime and for the detention and release of persons imprisoned or detained under such sentences.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 45, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, § 28.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 46 Death Penalty.

§ 46 Death penalty.
Sec. 46.
No law shall be enacted providing for the penalty of death.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 46, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 47 Chaplains in State Institutions.

§ 47 Chaplains in state institutions.
Sec. 47.
The legislature may authorize the employment of chaplains in state institutions of detention or confinement.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 47, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, § 26.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 48 Disputes Concerning Public Employees.

§ 48 Disputes concerning public employees.
Sec. 48.
The legislature may enact laws providing for the resolution of disputes concerning public employees, except those in the state classified civil service.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 48, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. XVI, § 7.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 49 Hours and Conditions of Employment.

§ 49 Hours and conditions of employment.
Sec. 49.
The legislature may enact laws relative to the hours and conditions of employment.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 49, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. V, § 29.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 50 Atomic and New Forms of Energy.

§ 50 Atomic and new forms of energy.
Sec. 50.
The legislature may provide safety measures and regulate the use of atomic energy and forms of energy developed in the future, having in view the general welfare of the people of this state.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 50, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 51 Public Health and General Welfare.

§ 51 Public health and general welfare.
Sec. 51.
The public health and general welfare of the people of the state are hereby declared to be matters of primary public concern. The legislature shall pass suitable laws for the protection and promotion of the public health.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 51, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 52 Natural Resources; Conservation, Pollution, Impairment, Destruction.

§ 52 Natural resources; conservation, pollution, impairment, destruction.
Sec. 52.
The conservation and development of the natural resources of the state are hereby declared to be of paramount public concern in the interest of the health, safety and general welfare of the people. The legislature shall provide for the protection of the air, water and other natural resources of the state from pollution, impairment and destruction.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 52, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 53 Auditor General; Appointment, Qualifications, Term, Removal, Post Audits.

§ 53 Auditor general; appointment, qualifications, term, removal, post audits.
Sec. 53.
The legislature by a majority vote of the members elected to and serving in each house, shall appoint an auditor general, who shall be a certified public accountant licensed to practice in this state, to serve for a term of eight years. He shall be ineligible for appointment or election to any other public office in this state from which compensation is derived while serving as auditor general and for two years following the termination of his service. He may be removed for cause at any time by a two-thirds vote of the members elected to and serving in each house. The auditor general shall conduct post audits of financial transactions and accounts of the state and of all branches, departments, offices, boards, commissions, agencies, authorities and institutions of the state established by this constitution or by law, and performance post audits thereof.
The auditor general upon direction by the legislature may employ independent accounting firms or legal counsel and may make investigations pertinent to the conduct of audits. He shall report annually to the legislature and to the governor and at such other times as he deems necessary or as required by the legislature. He shall be assigned no duties other than those specified in this section.
Nothing in this section shall be construed in any way to infringe the responsibility and constitutional authority of the governing boards of the institutions of higher education to be solely responsible for the control and direction of all expenditures from the institutions' funds.
The auditor general, his deputy and one other member of his staff shall be exempt from classified civil service. All other members of his staff shall have classified civil service status.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. IV, § 53, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article IV - Legislative Branch (Article IV § 1...§ 54) › Article IV § 54 Limitations on Terms of Office of State Legislators.

§ 54 Limitations on terms of office of state legislators.
Sec. 54.
(1) A person may not be elected to the office of state representative or state senator for terms or partial terms that combined total more than 12 years. However, this limitation does not prohibit a person elected to the office of state senator in 2022 from being elected to that office for the number of times permitted at the time the person became a candidate for that office.
(2) This section is self-executing. Legislation may be enacted to facilitate operation of this section, but a law must not limit or restrict the application of this section.
History:
Add. Init., approved Nov. 3, 1992, Eff. Dec. 19, 1992 ;-- Am. H.J.R. R, approved Nov. 8, 2022, Eff. Dec. 24, 2022
Compiler's Notes:
House Joint Resolution R was submitted to and approved by the people at the election held on November 8, 2022 and became effective December 24, 2022.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 1 Executive Power.

§ 1 Executive power.
Sec. 1.
Except to the extent limited or abrogated by article V, section 2, or article IV, section 6, the executive power is vested in the governor.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 1, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 ;-- Am. Init., approved Nov. 6, 2018, Eff. Dec. 22, 2018
Compiler's Notes:
The constitutional amendment set out above was submitted to, and approved by, the electors as Proposal 18-2 at the November 6, 2018 general election. This amendment to the Constitution of Michigan of 1963 became effective December 22, 2018.
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VI, § 2.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 2 Principal Departments.

§ 2 Principal departments.
Sec. 2.
All executive and administrative offices, agencies and instrumentalities of the executive branch of state government and their respective functions, powers and duties, except for the office of governor and lieutenant governor, and the governing bodies of institutions of higher education provided for in this constitution, shall be allocated by law among and within not more than 20 principal departments. They shall be grouped as far as practicable according to major purposes.
Subsequent to the initial allocation, the governor may make changes in the organization of the executive branch or in the assignment of functions among its units which he considers necessary for efficient administration. Where these changes require the force of law, they shall be set forth in executive orders and submitted to the legislature. Thereafter the legislature shall have 60 calendar days of a regular session, or a full regular session if of shorter duration, to disapprove each executive order. Unless disapproved in both houses by a resolution concurred in by a majority of the members elected to and serving in each house, each order shall become effective at a date thereafter to be designated by the governor.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this constitution or any prior judicial decision, as of the effective date of the constitutional amendment adding this provision, which amends article IV, sections 1 through 6, article V, sections 1, 2 and 4, and article VI, sections 1 and 4, including this provision, for purposes of interpreting this constitutional amendment the people declare that the powers granted to independent citizens redistricting commission for state and congressional districts (hereinafter, "commission") are legislative functions not subject to the control or approval of the governor, and are exclusively reserved to the commission. The commission, and all of its responsibilities, operations, functions, contractors, consultants and employees are not subject to change, transfer, reorganization, or reassignment, and shall not be altered or abrogated in any manner whatsoever, by the governor. No other body shall be established by law to perform functions that are the same or similar to those granted to the commission in article IV, section 6.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 2, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 ;-- Am. Init., approved Nov. 6, 2018, Eff. Dec. 22, 2018
Compiler's Notes:
The constitutional amendment set out above was submitted to, and approved by, the electors as Proposal 18-2 at the November 6, 2018 general election. This amendment to the Constitution of Michigan of 1963 became effective December 22, 2018.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 3 Single Heads of Departments; Appointment, Term.

§ 3 Single heads of departments; appointment, term.
Sec. 3.
The head of each principal department shall be a single executive unless otherwise provided in this constitution or by law. The single executives heading principal departments shall include a secretary of state, a state treasurer and an attorney general. When a single executive is the head of a principal department, unless elected or appointed as otherwise provided in this constitution, he shall be appointed by the governor by and with the advice and consent of the senate and he shall serve at the pleasure of the governor.
When a board or commission is at the head of a principal department, unless elected or appointed as otherwise provided in this constitution, the members thereof shall be appointed by the governor by and with the advice and consent of the senate. The term of office and procedure for removal of such members shall be as prescribed in this constitution or by law.
Terms of office of any board or commission created or enlarged after the effective date of this constitution shall not exceed four years except as otherwise authorized in this constitution. The terms of office of existing boards and commissions which are longer than four years shall not be further extended except as provided in this constitution.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 3, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 4 Commissions or Agencies for Less Than 2 Years.

§ 4 Commissions or agencies for less than 2 years.
Sec. 4.
Except to the extent limited or abrogated by article V, section 2 or article IV, section 6, temporary commissions or agencies for special purposes with a life of no more than two years may be established by law and need not be allocated within a principal department.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 4, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 ;-- Am. Init., approved Nov. 6, 2018, Eff. Dec. 22, 2018
Compiler's Notes:
The constitutional amendment set out above was submitted to, and approved by, the electors as Proposal 18-2 at the November 6, 2018 general election. This amendment to the Constitution of Michigan of 1963 became effective December 22, 2018.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 5 Examining or Licensing Board Members, Qualifications.

§ 5 Examining or licensing board members, qualifications.
Sec. 5.
A majority of the members of an appointed examining or licensing board of a profession shall be members of that profession.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 5, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 6 Advice and Consent to Appointments.

§ 6 Advice and consent to appointments.
Sec. 6.
Appointment by and with the advice and consent of the senate when used in this constitution or laws in effect or hereafter enacted means appointment subject to disapproval by a majority vote of the members elected to and serving in the senate if such action is taken within 60 session days after the date of such appointment. Any appointment not disapproved within such period shall stand confirmed.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 6, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 7 Vacancies in Office; Filling, Senatorial Disapproval of Appointees.

§ 7 Vacancies in office; filling, senatorial disapproval of appointees.
Sec. 7.
Vacancies in any office, appointment to which requires advice and consent of the senate, shall be filled by the governor by and with the advice and consent of the senate. A person whose appointment has been disapproved by the senate shall not be eligible for an interim appointment to the same office.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 7, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VI, § 10.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 8 Principal Departments, Supervision of Governor; Information From State Officers.

§ 8 Principal departments, supervision of governor; information from state officers.
Sec. 8.
Each principal department shall be under the supervision of the governor unless otherwise provided by this constitution. The governor shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed. He shall transact all necessary business with the officers of government and may require information in writing from all executive and administrative state officers, elective and appointive, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices.
The governor may initiate court proceedings in the name of the state to enforce compliance with any constitutional or legislative mandate, or to restrain violations of any constitutional or legislative power, duty or right by any officer, department or agency of the state or any of its political subdivisions. This authority shall not be construed to authorize court proceedings against the legislature.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 8, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VI, § 3.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 9 Principal Departments, Location.

§ 9 Principal departments, location.
Sec. 9.
Single executives heading principal departments and the chief executive officers of principal departments headed by boards or commissions shall keep their offices at the seat of government except as otherwise provided by law, superintend them in person and perform duties prescribed by law.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 9, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VI, § 1.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 10 Removal or Suspension of Officers; Grounds, Report.

§ 10 Removal or suspension of officers; grounds, report.
Sec. 10.
The governor shall have power and it shall be his duty to inquire into the condition and administration of any public office and the acts of any public officer, elective or appointive. He may remove or suspend from office for gross neglect of duty or for corrupt conduct in office, or for any other misfeasance or malfeasance therein, any elective or appointive state officer, except legislative or judicial, and shall report the reasons for such removal or suspension to the legislature.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 10, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. IX, § 7.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 11 Provisional Appointments to Fill Vacancies Due to Suspension.

§ 11 Provisional appointments to fill vacancies due to suspension.
Sec. 11.
The governor may make a provisional appointment to fill a vacancy occasioned by the suspension of an appointed or elected officer, other than a legislative or judicial officer, until he is reinstated or until the vacancy is filled in the manner prescribed by law or this constitution.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 11, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. IX, § 5.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 12 Military Powers.

§ 12 Military powers.
Sec. 12.
The governor shall be commander-in-chief of the armed forces and may call them out to execute the laws, suppress insurrection and repel invasion.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 12, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VI, § 4.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 13 Elections to Fill Vacancies in Legislature.

§ 13 Elections to fill vacancies in legislature.
Sec. 13.
The governor shall issue writs of election to fill vacancies in the senate or house of representatives. Any such election shall be held in a manner prescribed by law.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 13, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VI, § 6.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 14 Reprieves, Commutations and Pardons.

§ 14 Reprieves, commutations and pardons.
Sec. 14.
The governor shall have power to grant reprieves, commutations and pardons after convictions for all offenses, except cases of impeachment, upon such conditions and limitations as he may direct, subject to procedures and regulations prescribed by law. He shall inform the legislature annually of each reprieve, commutation and pardon granted, stating reasons therefor.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 14, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VI, § 9.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 15 Extra Sessions of Legislature.

§ 15 Extra sessions of legislature.
Sec. 15.
The governor may convene the legislature on extraordinary occasions.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 15, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VI, § 7.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 16 Legislature Other Than at Seat of Government.

§ 16 Legislature other than at seat of government.
Sec. 16.
The governor may convene the legislature at some other place when the seat of government becomes dangerous from any cause.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 16, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VI, § 8.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 1 - Constitution of The State of Michigan of 1963 › CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 - State Constitution (Article I § 1 - § 0) › Article V - Executive Branch (Article V § 1...§ 30) › Article V § 17 Messages and Recommendations to Legislature.

§ 17 Messages and recommendations to legislature.
Sec. 17.
The governor shall communicate by message to the legislature at the beginning of each session and may at other times present to the legislature information as to the affairs of the state and recommend measures he considers necessary or desirable.
History:
Const. 1963, Art. V, § 17, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Former Constitution:
See Const. 1908, Art. VI, § 5.