reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 8 - Juries and Jurors › Subtitle 4 - Juries › Part II - Challenges › Section 8-409 - In Criminal Case

(a)    This section sets forth the exclusive procedure by which a party in a criminal case may challenge a jury on the ground that the jury was not summoned or otherwise selected in compliance with this title.
(b)    (1)    Before examination begins in a criminal case or, for good cause shown, after a jury is sworn but before it receives evidence, a party may move to dismiss a charging document or stay the case on the ground of substantial failure to comply with a provision of this title in selecting the grand or trial jury.
(2)    A motion under this section shall contain a sworn statement of facts that, if true, would constitute a substantial failure to comply with this title.
(c)    On a showing that a party needs access to a record to prepare for a hearing on a motion pending under this section, a trial judge may allow the party to inspect and copy a record as needed to prepare.
(d)    A movant who files a motion in accordance with this section is entitled to present relevant evidence in support of the motion, including:
(1)    The testimony of the jury commissioner; and
(2)    Relevant records, whether or not public, that the jury commissioner used.
(e)    (1)    If a trial judge finds a substantial failure to comply with § 8-102(b) of this title in selecting a grand jury, the judge shall:
(i)    Stay the case pending selection of a grand jury in compliance with this title; or
(ii)    Dismiss the charging document.
(2)    If a trial judge finds a substantial failure to comply with a provision other than § 8-102(b) of this title in selecting a grand jury and finds the failure likely to be prejudicial to the movant, the judge shall:
(i)    Stay the case pending selection of a grand jury in compliance with this title; or
(ii)    Dismiss the charging document.
(f)    (1)    If a trial judge finds a substantial failure to comply with § 8-102(b) of this title in selecting a trial jury, the trial judge shall stay the case pending selection of a trial jury in compliance with this title.
(2)    If a trial judge finds a substantial failure to comply with a provision other than § 8-102(b) of this title in selecting a trial jury and the failure is likely to be prejudicial to the movant, the trial judge shall stay the proceeding pending selection of a trial jury in compliance with this title.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 8 - Juries and Jurors › Subtitle 4 - Juries › Part III - Grand Jury › Section 8-412 - Number of Jurors

(a)    When sworn, a grand jury shall consist of 23 grand jurors plus additional alternate grand jurors as provided in the Maryland Rules.
(b)    The failure of a grand juror to serve for the entire period of service does not invalidate the grand jury or any of its actions.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 8 - Juries and Jurors › Subtitle 4 - Juries › Part III - Grand Jury › Section 8-414 - Attendees

(a)    A court reporter whom a jury judge orders under § 2-503 of this article to record testimony before a grand jury may be present at its sessions.
(b)    An interpreter whom a jury judge approves may be present at a grand jury session as needed to provide services as an interpreter.
(c)    (1)    This subsection applies only to a grand jury for Baltimore City.
(2)    The State’s Attorney for Baltimore City or an assistant State’s Attorney for Baltimore City:
(i)    At the request of a grand jury, may attend any of its sessions; but
(ii)    May not be present when the grand jury votes on an indictment or presentment.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 8 - Juries and Jurors › Subtitle 4 - Juries › Part III - Grand Jury › Section 8-415 - Oaths

(a)    Each grand juror shall take an oath in substantially the following form:
“I (swear/affirm) to act diligently and according to my best understanding with regard to all matters before the grand jury; except as lawfully ordered by this court or as expressly authorized by law, not to disclose willfully any evidence given before the grand jury, anything that I or another grand juror says, or my or any other grand juror’s vote as to a matter before the grand jury; and not to act or refuse to act on any matter before the grand jury due to affection, malice, or other emotion or due to reward or hope or promise of reward.”
(b)    Each bailiff assigned to a grand jury shall take a written oath in substantially the following form:
“I (swear/affirm) to carry out my duties as bailiff to the grand jury to the best of my ability and knowledge; to deliver immediately and without alteration all papers and other things that the grand jury sends to this court; and not to disclose willfully any evidence given before the grand jury, anything that a grand juror says, or any grand juror’s vote as to a matter before the grand jury, except as lawfully ordered by this court or as expressly authorized by law.”
(c)    Each grand jury clerk shall take a written oath in substantially the following form:
“I (swear/affirm) not to disclose willfully any evidence given before the grand jury, anything that a grand juror says, or any grand juror’s vote as to a matter before the grand jury, except as lawfully ordered by this court or as expressly authorized by law.”
(d)    Each court reporter ordered to record testimony before a grand jury shall take a written oath in substantially the following form:
“I (swear/affirm) not to disclose willfully any evidence given before the grand jury, anything that a grand juror says, or any grand juror’s vote as to a matter before the grand jury, except as lawfully ordered by this court or as expressly authorized by law; and not allow any governmental unit other than (the State’s Attorney/other prosecutor) or person to see or have a copy of all or any part of the transcript except on a written order of this court passed after hearing the (State’s Attorney/other prosecutor).”
(e)    Each interpreter in a grand jury proceeding shall take an oath in substantially the following form:
“I (swear/affirm) to interpret accurately, completely, and impartially and, except as lawfully ordered by this court or as expressly authorized by law, not to disclose knowingly any information obtained while serving in this grand jury proceeding.”
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 8 - Juries and Jurors › Subtitle 4 - Juries › Part III - Grand Jury › Section 8-416 - Record

(a)    A court reporter ordered to take testimony given before a grand jury shall take and transcribe the testimony.
(b)    (1)    A court reporter shall provide, as requested, a transcript of testimony given before a grand jury for a county to the grand jury and State’s Attorney for the county.
(2)    Each transcript of testimony given before a grand jury for a county shall be kept in the custody of the State’s Attorney for the county.
(3)    Unless the circuit court for a county orders otherwise after hearing the State’s Attorney for the county, neither the original nor a copy of the transcript of testimony given before a grand jury may be taken from the office of the State’s Attorney for the county, other than for use of the grand jury or for production in court.
(4)    On written order of the circuit court for a county, granted on written motion of the State’s Attorney for the county, the State’s Attorney may have the notes as to, and transcript of, grand jury testimony destroyed.
(c)    Except on written order of the circuit court for a county after hearing the State’s Attorney for the county:
(1)    A record of testimony given before a grand jury is for the exclusive use and benefit of the grand jury and the State’s Attorney; and
(2)    A court reporter may not:
(i)    Allow any other governmental unit or person to read or have a copy of all or any part of the record; or
(ii)    Disclose wholly or partly the character of the contents of the record to any other governmental unit or person.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 8 - Juries and Jurors › Subtitle 4 - Juries › Part III - Grand Jury › Section 8-417 - Baltimore City Investigations and Reports

(a)    This section applies only to a grand jury for Baltimore City.
(b)    In addition to any other duty imposed by law, each grand jury shall carry out an investigation if a judge of the circuit court directs.
(c)    At the end of the period for which a grand jury sits, the grand jury shall submit to the jury commissioner of the circuit court a report on each of its investigations and recommendations.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 8 - Juries and Jurors › Subtitle 4 - Juries › Part IV - Trial Jury › Section 8-420 - Peremptory Challenges in Criminal Cases

(a)    (1)    This subsection applies only in a criminal trial in which a defendant is subject, on any single count, to a sentence of life imprisonment, excluding a common law offense for which no specific statutory penalty is provided.
(2)    Each defendant is allowed 20 peremptory challenges.
(3)    The State is allowed 10 peremptory challenges for each defendant.
(b)    (1)    This subsection applies only in a criminal trial in which a defendant is subject, on any single count, to a sentence of at least 20 years, excluding a case subject to subsection (a) of this section or a common law offense for which no specific statutory penalty is provided.
(2)    Each defendant is allowed 10 peremptory challenges.
(3)    The State is allowed five peremptory challenges for each defendant.
(c)    In every other criminal trial, each party is allowed four peremptory challenges.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 8 - Juries and Jurors › Subtitle 4 - Juries › Part IV - Trial Jury › Section 8-421 - Minimum Size of Jury and Array

(a)    In a civil case in which a jury trial is allowed, the jury shall consist of six jurors.
(b)    If the parties in a civil case agree, a trial judge may dispense with selecting an array of at least 14 qualified jurors.
(c)    If the parties in a criminal case agree, a trial judge may dispense with selecting an array of at least 20 qualified jurors.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 8 - Juries and Jurors › Subtitle 4 - Juries › Part V - Reimbursement › Section 8-425 - "Per Diem" Defined

In this Part V of this subtitle, “per diem” means the amount to be paid for all of the time from midnight through a 24-hour period for which a circuit court requires a prospective, qualified, or sworn juror to be in attendance at or in proximity to the circuit court.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 8 - Juries and Jurors › Subtitle 4 - Juries › Part V - Reimbursement › Section 8-426 - Amount

(a)    Subject to subsection (b) of this section, an individual is entitled, for each day that an individual is required to be in attendance at or proximity to a circuit court for a county for jury service, to:
(1)    A State per diem of $30; and
(2)    The supplement, if any, authorized by the county.
(b)    A trial juror is entitled:
(1)    For the first 5 days of jury service in one trial, to a State per diem of $30; and
(2)    For each day of jury service in one trial in excess of 5 days, a State per diem of $50.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 8 - Juries and Jurors › Subtitle 4 - Juries › Part V - Reimbursement › Section 8-427 - Local Levy and Supplement

(a)    (1)    Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, the government of each county may set, by ordinance, an amount to supplement the State per diem and, for each fiscal year.
(2)    Unless, by ordinance, a county government increases or decreases the supplement, the amount shall be enough to keep a total State per diem and county supplement equal to the county per diem as of June 30, 2001.
(b)    The government of each county shall levy and appropriate for each fiscal year the amount needed to pay the State per diem, pending reimbursement by the Administrative Office of the Courts, and the county supplement, if any.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 8 - Juries and Jurors › Subtitle 4 - Juries › Part V - Reimbursement › Section 8-429 - Certificate of Jury Commissioner

The jury commissioner of a circuit court shall issue to each prospective, qualified, and sworn juror a signed certificate that documents the number of days that the juror has been required to be in attendance at or proximity to the circuit court for jury service.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 8 - Juries and Jurors › Subtitle 5 - Prohibited Acts; Penalties › Section 8-501 - Employment Loss

(a)    An employer may not deprive an individual of employment or coerce, intimidate, or threaten to discharge an individual because the individual:
(1)    Loses employment time in responding to a summons under this title or attending, or being in proximity to, a circuit court for jury service under this title; or
(2)    Exercises a right to refrain from work under subsection (b) of this section.
(b)    An employer may not require an individual who is summoned and appears for jury service for 4 or more hours, including traveling time, to work an employment shift that begins:
(1)    On or after 5 p.m. on the day of the individual’s appearance for jury service; or
(2)    Before 3 a.m. on the day following the individual’s appearance for jury service.
(c)    A person who violates any provision of this section is subject to a fine not exceeding $1,000.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 8 - Juries and Jurors › Subtitle 5 - Prohibited Acts; Penalties › Section 8-502 - Leave

(a)    An employer may not require an employee to use the employee’s annual, sick, or vacation leave to respond to a summons under this title for jury service.
(b)    A person who violates any provision of this section is subject to a fine not exceeding $1,000.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 8 - Juries and Jurors › Subtitle 5 - Prohibited Acts; Penalties › Section 8-503 - Failure to Return Completed Juror Qualification Form

(a)    A person who is summoned for jury service under this title may not fail to return a completed juror qualification form.
(b)    A jury judge may order a person who violates any provision of this section to appear and show cause for each violation.
(c)    A person who fails to show good cause for a violation of this section is subject to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 30 days or both.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 8 - Juries and Jurors › Subtitle 5 - Prohibited Acts; Penalties › Section 8-504 - Failure to Appear for Jury Service

(a)    A person may not fail to appear for jury service as summoned under this title.
(b)    A jury judge may order a person who violates any provision of this section to appear and show cause for each violation.
(c)    A person who fails to show good cause for a violation of this section is subject to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 60 days or both.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 8 - Juries and Jurors › Subtitle 5 - Prohibited Acts; Penalties › Section 8-505 - Failure to Complete Jury Service

(a)    A person who is summoned for jury service under this title may not fail to complete jury service as directed.
(b)    A jury judge may order a person who violates any provision of this section to appear and show cause for each violation.
(c)    A person who fails to show good cause for a violation of this section is subject to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 90 days or both.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 8 - Juries and Jurors › Subtitle 5 - Prohibited Acts; Penalties › Section 8-506 - Material Misrepresentation

(a)    A person may not willfully misrepresent a material fact on a juror qualification form for the purpose of avoiding or obtaining service as a juror under this title.
(b)    A person who violates any provision of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and, on conviction, is subject to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 30 days or both.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 8 - Juries and Jurors › Subtitle 5 - Prohibited Acts; Penalties › Section 8-507 - Grand Jury Secrecy

(a)    A person may not disclose any content of a grand jury proceeding.
(b)    A person who violates any provision of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and, on conviction, subject to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or both.
(c)    This section does not prevent:
(1)    A grand jury from submitting a report as required by law; or
(2)    Any other governmental unit or person making a disclosure authorized by law.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 9 - Witnesses › Subtitle 1 - Competence, Compellability, and Privilege › Section 9-101 - In General

Unless otherwise provided in this subtitle:
(1)    A person shall not be excluded from testifying in a proceeding because of incapacity from crime or interest in the matter in question; and
(2)    Litigants and their spouses are competent and compellable to give evidence.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 9 - Witnesses › Subtitle 1 - Competence, Compellability, and Privilege › Section 9-106 - Testimony by Spouses -- Spouse of Person Charged With a Crime

(a)    The spouse of a person on trial for a crime may not be compelled to testify as an adverse witness unless:
(1)    The charge involves:
(i)    The abuse of a child under 18; or
(ii)    Assault in any degree in which the spouse is a victim if:
1.    The person on trial was previously charged with assault in any degree or assault and battery of the spouse;
2.    The spouse was sworn to testify at the previous trial; and
3.    The spouse refused to testify at the previous trial on the basis of this section; or
(2)    The person on trial and the spouse married after the date on which the alleged crime for which the person is on trial occurred.
(b)    (1)    If the spouse of a person on trial for assault in any degree in which the spouse was a victim is sworn to testify at the trial and refuses to testify on the basis of the provisions of this section, the clerk of the court shall make and maintain a record of that refusal, including the name of the spouse refusing to testify.
(2)    When an expungement order is presented to the clerk of the court in a case involving a charge of assault in any degree, the clerk shall check the record to determine whether the defendant’s spouse refused to testify on the basis of the provisions of this section.
(3)    If the record shows such refusal, the clerk shall make and maintain a separate record of the refusal, including the defendant’s name, the spouse’s name, the case file number, a copy of the charging document, and the date of the trial in which the spouse refused to testify.
(4)    The separate record specified under paragraph (3) of this subsection:
(i)    Is not subject to expungement under Title 10, Subtitle 1 of the Criminal Procedure Article; and
(ii)    Shall be available only to the court, a State’s Attorney’s office, and an attorney for the defendant.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 9 - Witnesses › Subtitle 1 - Competence, Compellability, and Privilege › Section 9-107 - Defendant in Criminal Trial

A person may not be compelled to testify in violation of his privilege against self-incrimination. The failure of a defendant to testify in a criminal proceeding on this basis does not create any presumption against him.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 9 - Witnesses › Subtitle 1 - Competence, Compellability, and Privilege › Section 9-111 - Privileged Communications -- Minister, Clergyman, or Priest

A minister of the gospel, clergyman, or priest of an established church of any denomination may not be compelled to testify on any matter in relation to any confession or communication made to him in confidence by a person seeking his spiritual advice or consolation.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 9 - Witnesses › Subtitle 1 - Competence, Compellability, and Privilege › Section 9-114 - Interpreters

(a)    (1)    If a party, a witness, or a victim or victim’s representative, as defined in § 11–104(a) of the Criminal Procedure Article, is deaf or cannot readily understand or communicate the spoken English language, any party or a victim or victim’s representative may apply to the court for the appointment of a qualified interpreter to assist that person.
(2)    On receiving the application under paragraph (1) of this subsection, the court shall appoint a qualified interpreter to assist that person.
(3)    The court shall maintain a directory of interpreters for manual communication or oral interpretation to assist deaf persons or persons who cannot readily understand or communicate the spoken English language.
(b)    Any interpreter appointed pursuant to this section shall be allowed compensation the court deems reasonable. It is discretionary with the court, in accordance with the provisions of the federal Americans with Disabilities Act, to tax, as part of the costs of the case, amounts paid to an interpreter for services and expenses. Otherwise the amount shall be paid by the county where the proceedings were initiated.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 9 - Witnesses › Subtitle 1 - Competence, Compellability, and Privilege › Section 9-115 - Character Witness

Where character evidence is otherwise relevant to the proceeding, no person offered as a character witness who has an adequate basis for forming an opinion as to another person’s character shall hereafter be excluded from giving evidence based on personal opinion to prove character, either in person or by deposition, in any suit, action or proceeding, civil or criminal, in any court or before any judge, or jury of the State.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 9 - Witnesses › Subtitle 1 - Competence, Compellability, and Privilege › Section 9-116 - Dead or Incompetent Persons

A party to a proceeding by or against a personal representative, heir, devisee, distributee, or legatee as such, in which a judgment or decree may be rendered for or against them, or by or against an incompetent person, may not testify concerning any transaction with or statement made by the dead or incompetent person, personally or through an agent since dead, unless called to testify by the opposite party, or unless the testimony of the dead or incompetent person has been given already in evidence in the same proceeding concerning the same transaction or statement.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 9 - Witnesses › Subtitle 1 - Competence, Compellability, and Privilege › Section 9-117 - Self-Corroboration When Impeached

It is not competent, in any case, for any party to the cause who has been examined therein as a witness, to corroborate his testimony when impeached by proof of his own declaration or statement made to third persons out of the presence and hearing of the adverse party.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 9 - Witnesses › Subtitle 1 - Competence, Compellability, and Privilege › Section 9-118 - Oath of Person Testifying Before Grand Jury

(a)    The oath for a person testifying before the grand jury shall be administered in one of the ways specified in this section.
(b)    It may be administered in the presence of the grand jury by its foreperson or another member appointed by the foreperson.
(c)    It may be administered by the clerk or deputy clerk of court in the presence of the presiding judge or judges in open court.
(d)    It may be administered by the clerk or deputy clerk of court in the presence of the presiding judge or judges, in the court house, but not in open court.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 9 - Witnesses › Subtitle 1 - Competence, Compellability, and Privilege › Section 9-119 - Person Testifying in Supplementary Proceeding

(a)    A person testifying in a supplementary or discovery proceeding in aid of a judgment or execution is not excused from answering a question because the answer may tend to connect him with the commission of fraud.
(b)    An answer may not be used as evidence against the person in a criminal proceeding based upon the fraud.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 9 - Witnesses › Subtitle 1 - Competence, Compellability, and Privilege › Section 9-120 - Psychologist as Expert Witness

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a psychologist licensed under the “Maryland Psychologists Act” and qualified as an expert witness may testify on ultimate issues, including insanity, competency to stand trial, and matters within the scope of that psychologist’s special knowledge, in any case in any court or in any administrative hearing.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 9 - Witnesses › Subtitle 1 - Competence, Compellability, and Privilege › Section 9-122 - Subpoenas of Members of General Assembly in Civil or Administrative Actions

(a)    A member of the General Assembly may not be subpoenaed to testify in a civil or administrative action, proceeding, or deposition, other than one in which the member is a named private party, during any regular or special session, and for 10 days before and after each session.
(b)    This section does not constitute a waiver of a member’s constitutional or common law privileges.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 9 - Witnesses › Subtitle 1 - Competence, Compellability, and Privilege › Section 9-123 - Witness Immunity for Compulsory Testimony

(a)    (1)    In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.
(2)    “Other information” includes any book, paper, document, record, recording, or other material.
(3)    “Prosecutor” means:
(i)    The State’s Attorney for a county;
(ii)    A Deputy State’s Attorney;
(iii)    The Attorney General of the State;
(iv)    A Deputy Attorney General or designated Assistant Attorney General; or
(v)    The State Prosecutor or Deputy State Prosecutor.
(b)    (1)    If a witness refuses, on the basis of the privilege against self–incrimination, to testify or provide other information in a criminal prosecution or a proceeding before a grand jury of the State, and the court issues an order to testify or provide other information under subsection (c) of this section, the witness may not refuse to comply with the order on the basis of the privilege against self–incrimination.
(2)    No testimony or other information compelled under the order, and no information directly or indirectly derived from the testimony or other information, may be used against the witness in any criminal case, except in a prosecution for perjury, obstruction of justice, or otherwise failing to comply with the order.
(c)    (1)    If an individual has been, or may be, called to testify or provide other information in a criminal prosecution or a proceeding before a grand jury of the State, the court in which the proceeding is or may be held shall issue, on the request of the prosecutor made in accordance with subsection (d) of this section, an order requiring the individual to give testimony or provide other information which the individual has refused to give or provide on the basis of the individual’s privilege against self–incrimination.
(2)    The order shall have the effect provided under subsection (b) of this section.
(d)    If a prosecutor seeks to compel an individual to testify or provide other information, the prosecutor shall request, by written motion, the court to issue an order under subsection (c) of this section when the prosecutor determines that:
(1)    The testimony or other information from the individual may be necessary to the public interest; and
(2)    The individual has refused or is likely to refuse to testify or provide other information on the basis of the individual’s privilege against self–incrimination.
(e)    If a witness refuses to comply with an order issued under subsection (c) of this section, on written motion of the prosecutor and on admission into evidence of the transcript of the refusal, if the refusal was before a grand jury, the court shall treat the refusal as a direct contempt, notwithstanding any law to the contrary, and proceed in accordance with Title 15, Chapter 200 of the Maryland Rules.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 9 - Witnesses › Subtitle 2 - Attendance and Pay › Section 9-201 - Summons for Attendance

(a)    A judge may issue a summons for the attendance of a party, witnesses, or for the production of evidence in a case before the court. No judge may issue a blank summons.
(b)    If a witness is summoned to attend a court and without sufficient excuse neglects to appear, he may be attached and fined an amount not exceeding $300. He is liable to answer the party for whom he was summoned in an action upon the case for the damage sustained for failure to appear to testify according to the summons.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 9 - Witnesses › Subtitle 2 - Attendance and Pay › Section 9-203 - Witness Held in Criminal Proceedings

(a)    In any criminal proceeding in which a warrant is issued for the purpose of requiring the attendance of a person as a material witness for the State, the witness must be taken promptly before a District Court commissioner before he is committed to jail.
(b)    If the commissioner determines, after a hearing, that the person brought before him should be held as a witness for the State, he shall set a reasonable bond for the appearance of the witness in the criminal proceedings when required.
(c)    If the witness is unable to post the bond set by the commissioner he shall be committed to jail until he posts the bond.
(d)    Upon the commitment to jail of a witness, the commissioner shall notify immediately the State’s Attorney of the county where the witness is being held. The sheriff, warden, or other custodian of the jail in which the witness is held shall also notify immediately the State’s Attorney.
(e)    Unless the State’s Attorney makes application in writing prior to the expiration of seven calendar days from the date of commitment of the witness to a judge of the circuit court of the county where the witness is committed for authority to continue to hold the witness, the sheriff, warden, or other custodian of the jail shall immediately upon the expiration of seven days release the witness.
(f)    The filing of a petition for authority to continue to hold a witness longer than seven days may be granted by a judge, only upon the conditions and in accordance with the procedure provided by the Maryland Rules.
(g)    The State’s Attorney may order the release of the witness from custody at any time before or after the expiration of seven days by placing an endorsement to that effect on the commitment or warrant.
(h)    A confined witness shall be paid $10 per day for each day confined in addition to the witness fees payable pursuant to § 9-202. Payment shall be made by the county in which the prosecution of the case is carried on.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 9 - Witnesses › Subtitle 2 - Attendance and Pay › Section 9-205 - Depriving Witnesses of Employment; Penalty

(a)    An employer may not deprive an employee of the employee’s job solely because of job time lost by the employee as a result of:
(1)    The employee’s response to a subpoena requiring the employee to appear as a witness in any civil or criminal proceeding, including discovery proceedings; or
(2)    The employee’s attendance at a proceeding that the employee has a right to attend under § 11-102 or § 11-302 of the Criminal Procedure Article, or under § 3-8A-13 of this article.
(b)    An employer that violates subsection (a) of this section may be fined not more than $1,000.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 9 - Witnesses › Subtitle 3 - Attendance of Witnesses From Without a State › Section 9-301 - Definitions

(a)    In this title the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)    “State” means any state or territory of the United States and the District of Columbia.
(c)    “Summons” means a subpoena, order, or other notice requiring the appearance of a witness.
(d)    “Witness” means a person whose testimony is desired in any proceeding or investigation by a grand jury or in a criminal prosecution or proceeding.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 9 - Witnesses › Subtitle 3 - Attendance of Witnesses From Without a State › Section 9-303 - Witness From Another State Summoned to Testify in This State

(a)    If a person in any state, which by its laws has made provision for commanding persons within its borders to attend and testify in criminal prosecutions, or grand jury investigations commenced or about to commence, in this State, is a material witness in a prosecution pending in a court of record in this State, or in a grand jury investigation which has commenced or is about to commence, a judge of the court may issue a certificate under the seal of the court stating these facts and specifying the number of days the witness will be required. A certificate may include a recommendation that the witness be taken into immediate custody and delivered to an officer of this State to assure his attendance in this State, unless the witness shall be admitted to bail by the appropriate authority, upon condition that the witness will appear at the time and place specified in the subpoena or summons served upon him. This certificate shall be presented to a judge of a court of record in the county in which the witness is found.
(b)    If the witness is summoned to attend and testify in this State he shall be tendered the sum of 10 cents a mile for each mile by the ordinary traveled route to and from the court where the prosecution is pending, and $5 for each day that he is required to travel and attend as a witness. A witness who has appeared in accordance with the provisions of the summons shall not be required to remain within this State a longer period of time than the period mentioned in the certificate, unless otherwise ordered by the court. If the witness, after coming into this State, fails without good cause to attend and testify as directed in the summons, he shall be punished in the manner provided for the punishment of any witness who disobeys a summons issued from a court of record in this State.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 9 - Witnesses › Subtitle 3 - Attendance of Witnesses From Without a State › Section 9-304 - Exemption From Arrest and Service of Process

(a)    If a person comes into this State in obedience to a summons directing him to attend and testify in this State he shall not while in this State pursuant to such summons be subject to arrest or the service of process, civil or criminal, in connection with matters which arose before his entrance into this State under the summons.
(b)    If a person passes through this State while going to another state in obedience to a summons to attend and testify in that state or while returning therefrom, he shall not while so passing through this State be subject to arrest or the service of process, civil or criminal, in connection with matters which arose before his entrance into this State under the summons.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 9 - Witnesses › Subtitle 4 - Maryland Uniform Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act › Section 9-401 - Definitions

(a)    In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)    “Foreign jurisdiction” means a state other than this State.
(c)    “Foreign subpoena” means a subpoena issued under authority of a court of record of a foreign jurisdiction.
(d)    “Person” means an individual, corporation, business trust, statutory trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public corporation, government, governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity.
(e)    “State” means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
(f)    “Subpoena” means a document, however denominated, issued under authority of a court of record requiring a person to:
(1)    Attend and give testimony at a deposition;
(2)    Produce and permit inspection and copying of designated books, documents, records, electronically stored information, or tangible things in the possession, custody, or control of the person; or
(3)    Permit inspection of premises under the control of the person.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 9 - Witnesses › Subtitle 4 - Maryland Uniform Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act › Section 9-402 - Issuance of Subpoena

(a)    (1)    To request issuance of a subpoena under this section, a party shall submit a foreign subpoena to a clerk of the circuit court for the county in which discovery is sought to be conducted in this State.
(2)    A request for the issuance of a subpoena under this subtitle does not constitute an appearance in the courts of this State.
(b)    When a party submits a foreign subpoena to a clerk of court in this State, the clerk, in accordance with that court’s procedure, shall promptly issue a subpoena for service upon the person to which the foreign subpoena is directed.
(c)    A subpoena under subsection (b) of this section shall:
(1)    Incorporate the terms used in the foreign subpoena; and
(2)    Contain or be accompanied by the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of all counsel of record in the proceeding to which the subpoena relates and of any party not represented by counsel.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 9 - Witnesses › Subtitle 4 - Maryland Uniform Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act › Section 9-405 - Protective Orders; Orders to Enforce, Quash, or Modify Subpoenas

An application to the court for a protective order or to enforce, quash, or modify a subpoena issued by a clerk of court under § 9–402 of this subtitle shall comply with the rules and statutes of this State and be submitted to the circuit court for the county in which discovery is to be conducted.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 10 - Evidence › Subtitle 1 - Proof of Accounts and Records › Section 10-101 - Written Record

(a)    “Business” includes business, profession, and occupation of every kind.
(b)    A writing or record made in the regular course of business as a memorandum or record of an act, transaction, occurrence, or event is admissible to prove the act, transaction, occurrence, or event.
(c)    The practice of the business must be to make such written records of its acts at the time they are done or within a reasonable time afterwards.
(d)    The lack of personal knowledge of the maker of the written notice may be shown to affect the weight of the evidence but not its admissibility.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 10 - Evidence › Subtitle 1 - Proof of Accounts and Records › Section 10-102 - Maryland Uniform Photographic Copies of Business and Public Records as Evidence Act

(a)    If a business, institution, member of a profession or calling, or a department or agency of government, in the regular course of business or activity has kept or recorded a memorandum, writing, entry, print, representation, or a combination of them, of an act, transaction, occurrence, or event, and in the regular course of business has caused any or all of them to be recorded, copied, or reproduced by a photographic, photostatic, microfilm, microcard, miniature photographic, optical imaging, or other process which accurately reproduces or forms a durable medium for so reproducing the original, the original may be destroyed in the regular course of business unless its preservation is required by law. The reproduction, when satisfactorily identified, is as admissible in evidence as the original itself in a judicial or administrative proceeding whether the original is in existence or not and an enlargement or facsimile of the reproduction is likewise admissible in evidence if the original reproduction is in existence and available for inspection under direction of the court. The introduction of a reproduced record, enlargement, or facsimile does not preclude admission of the original.
(b)    This section shall be interpreted and construed to effectuate its general purpose of making uniform the law of those states which enact it.
(c)    This section may be cited as the Maryland Uniform Photographic Copies of Business and Public Records as Evidence Act.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 10 - Evidence › Subtitle 1 - Proof of Accounts and Records › Section 10-103 - Admissibility of Duplicate in Evidence

(a)    In this section the following words have the meanings indicated:
(1)    “Duplicate” means a counterpart produced by the same impression as the original, or from the same matrix, or by means of photography, including enlargements and miniatures, or by mechanical or electronic rerecording, or by chemical reproduction, or by other equivalent techniques which accurately reproduce the original.
(2)    (i)    “Original” of a writing means the writing itself or any counterpart intended to have the same effect by a person executing or issuing it.
(ii)    “Original” of a photograph includes the negative or any print therefrom.
(iii)    “Original” includes, if data is stored in a computer or similar device, any printout or other output readable by sight that reflects the data accurately.
(3)    “Photographs” include still photographs, X–ray films, video tapes, and motion pictures.
(4)    “Writing” means letters, words, or numbers, or their equivalent, set down by handwriting, typewriting, printing, photostating, photographing, magnetic impulse, mechanical or electronic recording, or other form of data compilation.
(b)    A duplicate is admissible in evidence to the same extent as an original unless:
(1)    A genuine question is raised as to the authenticity of the original; or
(2)    Under the circumstances, it would be unfair to admit the duplicate in lieu of the original.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 10 - Evidence › Subtitle 1 - Proof of Accounts and Records › Section 10-105 - Admissibility of Bills for Goods or Services

(a)    The provisions of this section apply to a civil action in:
(1)    The District Court; or
(2)    A circuit court if the amount in controversy in the action in the circuit court does not exceed the amount specified in § 4-401 of this article for that type of action.
(b)    (1)    (i)    Subject to the provisions of this section, a paid bill for goods or services is admissible without the testimony of the provider of the goods or services as evidence of the authenticity of the bill for goods or services provided and the fairness and reasonableness of the charges of the provider of the goods or services.
(ii)    A finder of fact may attach whatever weight to a paid bill that the finder of fact deems appropriate.
(2)    The bill shall be admitted on testimony, by the party or any other person with personal knowledge:
(i)    Identifying the original bill or an authenticated copy; and
(ii)    1.    Identifying the provider of the goods or services;
2.    Explaining the circumstances surrounding the receipt of the bill;
3.    Describing the goods or services provided;
4.    Stating that the goods or services were provided in connection with the event giving rise to the action; and
5.    Stating that the bill was paid.
(c)    (1)    Subsection (b) of this section applies only if, at least 60 days before the beginning of the trial, the party who intends to introduce the bill:
(i)    Serves notice of the party’s intent to introduce the bill without the support of the testimony of the provider of the goods or services that were billed, a list that identifies each bill, and a copy of the bill on all other parties as provided under Maryland Rule 1-321; and
(ii)    Files notice of service and the list that identifies each bill with the court.
(2)    The list required under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall include:
(i)    The name of the provider of the goods and services for each bill; and
(ii)    The date of each bill of the provider of the goods and services.
(d)    Nothing contained in this section may be construed to:
(1)    Apply to proof of the existence of a medical, dental, or other health condition, the opinion of a health care provider, or the necessity and the providing of medical, dental, or other health care;
(2)    Limit the provisions of § 10-104 of this subtitle concerning the admissibility of a medical, dental, hospital, or other health care writing or record; or
(3)    Limit the right of a party to:
(i)    Request a summons to compel the attendance of a witness;
(ii)    Examine a witness who appears at trial; or
(iii)    Engage in discovery as provided under the Maryland Rules.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 10 - Evidence › Subtitle 2 - Public Statutes, Office Copies, and Official Certificate › Section 10-201.1 - Public Local Laws of Maryland -- Compilation of Municipal Charters

(a)    The Public Local Laws of Maryland - Compilation of Municipal Charters that is prepared and published by the Department of Legislative Services is adopted and made evidence of the portion of the Public Local Laws of the State of Maryland that contains the charters of all the municipal corporations in the State. It shall be considered as evidence of the law in all courts of the State and by all public offices and officers of the State and its political subdivisions.
(b)    A replacement edition of the Public Local Laws of Maryland - Compilation of Municipal Charters that is prepared and published by the Department of Legislative Services is adopted and made evidence of the portion of the Public Local Laws of the State of Maryland that contains the charters of all the municipal corporations in the State at the time of publication. It shall be considered as evidence of the law in all courts of the State and by all public offices and officers of the State and its political subdivisions.
(c)    Any supplemental page to the Public Local Laws of Maryland - Compilation of Municipal Charters that is prepared and published by the Department of Legislative Services is adopted and made evidence of the portion of the Public Local Laws of the State of Maryland that contains the charters of all the municipal corporations in the State which are supplementary or in addition to the laws in the compilation. It shall be considered as evidence of the law in all courts of the State and by all public offices and officers of the State and its political subdivisions.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 10 - Evidence › Subtitle 2 - Public Statutes, Office Copies, and Official Certificate › Section 10-202 - Maryland Uniform Proof of Statutes Act

(a)    Printed books or pamphlets purporting on their face to be the session or other statutes of the United States, any of the United States or its territories, or of a foreign jurisdiction, and to have been printed and published by the authority of a state, territory, or foreign jurisdiction or proved to be commonly recognized in its courts, shall be received in the courts of the State as prima facie evidence of the statutes.
(b)    This section shall be so interpreted and construed to effectuate its general purposes to make uniform the law of those states which enact it.
(c)    This section may be cited as the Maryland Uniform Proof of Statutes Act.