reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 20 - Maryland Uniform Collaborative Law Act › Section 3-2002 - Collaborative Law Participation Agreement; Requirements

(a)    A collaborative law participation agreement shall:
(1)    Be in a record;
(2)    Be signed by the parties;
(3)    State the parties’ intention to resolve a collaborative matter through a collaborative law process under this subtitle;
(4)    Describe the nature and scope of the matter;
(5)    Identify the collaborative lawyer who represents each party in the process; and
(6)    Contain a statement by each collaborative lawyer confirming the lawyer’s representation of a party in the collaborative law process.
(b)    The parties may agree to include in a collaborative law participation agreement additional provisions consistent with this subtitle.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 20 - Maryland Uniform Collaborative Law Act › Section 3-2003 - Beginning and Concluding a Collaborative Law Process

(a)    A collaborative law process begins when the parties sign a collaborative law participation agreement.
(b)    A tribunal may not order a party to participate in a collaborative law process over that party’s objection.
(c)    A collaborative law process is concluded by:
(1)    A resolution of a collaborative matter as evidenced by a signed record;
(2)    A resolution of a part of the collaborative matter, evidenced by a signed record, in which the parties agree that the remaining parts of the matter will not be resolved in the process; or
(3)    A termination of the process.
(d)    A collaborative law process terminates:
(1)    When a party gives notice to other parties in a record that the process is ended;
(2)    When a party:
(i)    Begins a proceeding related to a collaborative matter without the agreement of all parties; or
(ii)    In a pending proceeding related to the matter:
1.    Initiates a pleading, a motion, an order to show cause, or a request for a conference with the tribunal;
2.    Requests that the proceeding be put on the tribunal’s calendar; or
3.    Takes similar action requiring notice to be sent to the parties; or
(3)    Except as otherwise provided in subsection (g) of this section, when a party discharges a collaborative lawyer or a collaborative lawyer withdraws from further representation of a party.
(e)    A party’s collaborative lawyer shall give prompt notice to all other parties in a record of a discharge or withdrawal.
(f)    A party may terminate a collaborative law process with or without cause.
(g)    Notwithstanding the discharge or withdrawal of a collaborative lawyer, a collaborative law process continues if, within 30 days after the date that the notice of discharge or withdrawal of a collaborative lawyer required by subsection (e) of this section is sent to the parties:
(1)    The unrepresented party engages a successor collaborative lawyer; and
(2)    In a signed record:
(i)    The parties consent to continue the process by reaffirming the collaborative law participation agreement;
(ii)    The agreement is amended to identify the successor collaborative lawyer; and
(iii)    The successor collaborative lawyer confirms the lawyer’s representation of a party in the collaborative process.
(h)    A collaborative law process does not conclude if, with the consent of the parties, a party requests a tribunal to approve a resolution of the collaborative matter or any part of the collaborative matter as evidenced by a signed record.
(i)    A collaborative law participation agreement may provide additional methods of concluding a collaborative law process.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 20 - Maryland Uniform Collaborative Law Act › Section 3-2006 - Disclosure of Information

(a)    Except as provided by law other than this subtitle, during the collaborative law process a party shall:
(1)    On the request of another party, make timely, full, candid, and informal disclosure of information related to the collaborative matter without formal discovery; and
(2)    Update promptly previously disclosed information that has materially changed.
(b)    Parties may define the scope of disclosure during the collaborative law process.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 20 - Maryland Uniform Collaborative Law Act › Section 3-2007 - Standards of Professional Responsibility and Reporting Not Affected

This subtitle does not affect:
(1)    The professional responsibility obligations and standards applicable to a lawyer or other licensed professional; or
(2)    The obligation of a person to report abuse or neglect, abandonment, or exploitation of a child or an adult under State law.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 20 - Maryland Uniform Collaborative Law Act › Section 3-2009 - Privilege Against Disclosure for Collaborative Law Communication; Admissibility; Discovery

(a)    Subject to §§ 3–2011 and 3–2012 of this subtitle, a collaborative law communication is privileged under subsection (b) of this section, is not subject to discovery, and is not admissible in evidence.
(b)    In a proceeding, the following privileges apply:
(1)    A party may refuse to disclose and may prevent any other person from disclosing a collaborative law communication; and
(2)    A nonparty participant may refuse to disclose and may prevent any other person from disclosing a collaborative law communication of the nonparty participant.
(c)    Evidence or information that is otherwise admissible or subject to discovery does not become inadmissible or protected from discovery solely because of its disclosure or use in a collaborative law process.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 20 - Maryland Uniform Collaborative Law Act › Section 3-2010 - Waiver and Preclusion of Privilege

(a)    A privilege under § 3–2009 of this subtitle may be waived in a record or orally during a proceeding if it is expressly waived by each party and, in the case of the privilege of a nonparty participant, the privilege is also expressly waived by the nonparty participant.
(b)    A person that makes a disclosure or representation about a collaborative law communication that prejudices another person in a proceeding may not assert a privilege under § 3–2009 of this subtitle, but this preclusion applies only to the extent necessary for the person prejudiced to respond to the disclosure or representation.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 20 - Maryland Uniform Collaborative Law Act › Section 3-2011 - Limits of Privilege

(a)    There is no privilege under § 3–2009 of this subtitle for a collaborative law communication that is:
(1)    Available to the public under Title 10, Subtitle 6 of the State Government Article or made during a session of a collaborative law process that is open or is required by law to be open to the public;
(2)    A threat or statement of a plan to inflict bodily injury or commit a crime of violence;
(3)    Intentionally used to plan a crime, commit or attempt to commit a crime, or conceal an ongoing crime or ongoing criminal activity; or
(4)    In an agreement resulting from the collaborative law process, evidenced by a record signed by all parties to the agreement.
(b)    The privileges under § 3–2009 of this subtitle for a collaborative law communication do not apply to the extent that a communication is sought or offered to prove or disprove:
(1)    A claim or complaint of professional misconduct or malpractice arising from or related to a collaborative law process; or
(2)    Abuse, neglect, abandonment, or exploitation of a child or an adult, unless the department of social services for the county in which the child or adult resides is a party to or otherwise participates in the process.
(c)    There is no privilege under § 3–2009 of this subtitle if a tribunal finds, after a hearing in camera, that the party seeking discovery or the proponent of the evidence has shown the evidence is not otherwise available, the need for the evidence substantially outweighs the interest in protecting confidentiality, and the collaborative law communication is sought or offered in:
(1)    A court proceeding involving a felony or misdemeanor; or
(2)    A proceeding seeking rescission or reformation of a contract arising out of the collaborative law process or in which a defense to avoid liability on the contract is asserted.
(d)    If a collaborative law communication is subject to an exception under subsection (b) or (c) of this section, only the part of the communication necessary for the application of the exception may be disclosed or admitted.
(e)    Disclosure or admission of evidence excepted from the privilege under subsection (b) or (c) of this section does not make the evidence or any other collaborative law communication discoverable or admissible for any other purpose.
(f)    (1)    The privileges under § 3–2009 of this subtitle do not apply if the parties agree in advance in a signed record or, if a record of a proceeding reflects agreement by the parties, that all or part of a collaborative law process is not privileged.
(2)    This subsection does not apply to a collaborative law communication made by a person that did not receive actual notice of the agreement before the communication was made.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 20 - Maryland Uniform Collaborative Law Act › Section 3-2012 - Authority of Tribunal in Case of Noncompliance

(a)    Notwithstanding the failure of an agreement to meet the requirements of § 3–2002 of this subtitle, a tribunal may find that the parties intended to enter into a collaborative law participation agreement if the parties:
(1)    Signed a record indicating an intention to enter into a collaborative law participation agreement; and
(2)    Reasonably believed they were participating in a collaborative law process.
(b)    If a tribunal makes the findings specified in subsection (a) of this section and the interests of justice require, the tribunal may:
(1)    Enforce an agreement evidenced by a record resulting from the process in which the parties participated; and
(2)    Apply the privileges under § 3–2009 of this subtitle.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 20 - Maryland Uniform Collaborative Law Act › Section 3-2013 - Uniformity of Application and Construction

In applying and construing this uniform act, consideration shall be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact it.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 20 - Maryland Uniform Collaborative Law Act › Section 3-2014 - Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act

This subtitle modifies, limits, and supersedes the federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, 15 U.S.C.A. § 7001 et seq., but does not modify, limit, or supersede § 101(c) of that act, 15 U.S.C.A. § 7001(c), or authorize electronic delivery of any of the notices described in § 103(b) of that act, 15 U.S.C.A. § 7003(b).
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 21 - Offshore Drilling Liability Act › Section 3-2101 - Definitions

(a)    In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)    (1)    “Gas” means any natural gas or other fluid hydrocarbons that are produced from a natural reservoir.
(2)    “Gas” includes:
(i)    Carbon dioxide; and
(ii)    Hydrogen sulfide.
(c)    “Offshore drilling activity” means:
(1)    The exploration, development, or production of oil or gas in, on, or under the federal outer continental shelf waters; and
(2)    Transporting oil or gas by pipeline, ship, or otherwise from a specific site of exploration, development, or production of oil or gas on the federal outer continental shelf.
(d)    “Oil” means oil of any kind or in any form, including petroleum, petroleum by–products, fuel oil, sludge, crude oil, oil refuse, and oil mixed with wastes.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 21 - Offshore Drilling Liability Act › Section 3-2102 - Offshore Drilling Activity

(a)    An offshore drilling activity is an ultrahazardous and abnormally dangerous activity.
(b)    A person that causes a spill of oil or gas while engaged in an offshore drilling activity is strictly liable for damages for any injury, death, or loss to person or property that is caused by the spill.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 21 - Offshore Drilling Liability Act › Section 3-2103 - Contractual Waiver Provision Is Void

A provision in any contract or agreement that attempts or purports to waive the right to bring an action under this subtitle or reduce any liability for injury, death, or loss to person or property that is caused by a spill of oil or gas as a result of an offshore drilling activity is void as against public policy.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action › Subtitle 22 - Change of Name -- Waiver of Publication Requirement › Section 3-2201 - Waiver of Publication Requirement in Change of Name Action

On motion by an individual who has filed an action for change of name under Maryland Rule 15–901, the court shall waive the publication requirement under the rule.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 4 - District Court -- Jurisdiction › Subtitle 1 - Definitions › Section 4-101 - Definitions

(a)    In this title the following terms have the meanings indicated.
(b)    “Criminal case” means a criminal case within the jurisdiction of the District Court and includes a case charging a violation of motor vehicle or traffic laws and a case charging a violation of a law, rule, or regulation if a fine or imprisonment may be imposed.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 4 - District Court -- Jurisdiction › Subtitle 2 - Jurisdiction in General › Section 4-201 - Extent of Jurisdiction

The jurisdiction of the District Court extends to every case which arises within the State or is subject to the State’s judicial power, and which is within the limitations imposed by this title or elsewhere by law. Exercise of this jurisdiction is subject to the restrictions of venue established by law.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 4 - District Court -- Jurisdiction › Subtitle 2 - Jurisdiction in General › Section 4-202 - Authority Provided in Criminal Procedure Article and Health - General Article

(a)    A District Court has the authority provided under Title 3 of the Criminal Procedure Article.
(b)    A District Court has the following authority provided in the Health – General Article:
(1)    Under Title 8 of that article, the authority to commit an individual for detoxification or for observation, evaluation, or treatment of alcoholism;
(2)    Under Title 8 of that article, the authority to commit an individual for observation, evaluation, or treatment of drug abuse; and
(3)    Under Title 10 of that article, the authority to order emergency evaluation of an individual for a mental disorder.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 4 - District Court -- Jurisdiction › Subtitle 3 - Criminal Jurisdiction › Section 4-303 - Jurisdiction Over Persons Triable in Juvenile Court Despite Age Limit Contained in 4-301

The District Court has jurisdiction over a person who is brought before a court sitting as a juvenile court if:
(1)    The juvenile court waives jurisdiction or the person elects to be tried according to the regular criminal procedure; and
(2)    The offense charged is within the jurisdiction conferred by § 4-301 of this subtitle.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 4 - District Court -- Jurisdiction › Subtitle 4 - Civil Jurisdiction › Section 4-402 - Exceptions

(a)    Except as provided in §§ 4–401 and 4–404 of this subtitle, the District Court does not have equity jurisdiction.
(b)    Except as provided in § 4–401 of this subtitle, the District Court does not have jurisdiction to decide the ownership of real property or of an interest in real property.
(c)    The District Court does not have jurisdiction to render a declaratory judgment.
(d)    (1)    (i)    Except in a case under paragraph (2), (4), (5), or (6) of § 4–401 of this subtitle, the plaintiff may elect to file suit in the District Court or in a trial court of general jurisdiction, if the amount in controversy exceeds $5,000, exclusive of prejudgment or postjudgment interest, costs, and attorney’s fees if attorney’s fees are recoverable by law or contract.
(ii)    In the case of a class action, the separate claims of the proposed members of the class may be aggregated to meet the minimum amount in controversy required under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph.
(2)    In a case under § 4–401(7) or (8) of this subtitle, the plaintiff may elect to file a petition for injunctive relief either in the District Court or the circuit court.
(3)    In a case under § 4–401(16) of this subtitle, the plaintiff may elect to file a claim for a replacement motor vehicle in either the District Court or the circuit court.
(e)    (1)    In a civil action in which the amount in controversy does not exceed $25,000, exclusive of attorney’s fees if attorney’s fees are recoverable by law or contract, a party may not demand a jury trial pursuant to the Maryland Rules.
(2)    Except in a replevin action, if a party is entitled to and files a timely demand, in accordance with the Maryland Rules, for a jury trial, jurisdiction is transferred forthwith and the record of the proceeding shall be transmitted to the appropriate court. In a replevin action, if a party is entitled to and files a timely demand for a jury trial, the District Court may conduct a hearing on the show–cause order prior to issuing the writ, enforce an injunction issued by it in the action, and issue, renew, and receive returns upon the writ of replevin. The action shall be transmitted to the appropriate court only after the writ has been returned, stating that the property sought has been seized or eloigned, and the time for filing a notice of intention to defend has expired.
(f)    If the amount in controversy in an action for damages for a dishonored check or other instrument under § 4–401(17) of this subtitle exceeds $25,000, the defendant is entitled to transfer the action from the District Court to an appropriate circuit court by filing a timely demand as prescribed under the Maryland Rules.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 4 - District Court -- Jurisdiction › Subtitle 4 - Civil Jurisdiction › Section 4-404 - Proceedings Under Title 4, Subtitle 5 of the Family Law Article

The District Court has concurrent jurisdiction with the circuit court over proceedings under Title 4, Subtitle 5 of the Family Law Article and has the powers of a court in equity in those proceedings.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 4 - District Court -- Jurisdiction › Subtitle 4 - Civil Jurisdiction › Section 4-405 - Small Claim Action

The District Court has exclusive jurisdiction over a small claim action, which, for purposes of this section, means a civil action for money in which the amount claimed does not exceed $5,000 exclusive of interest, costs, and attorney’s fees, if attorney’s fees are recoverable by law or contract; and landlord tenant action under §§ 8-401 and 8-402 of the Real Property Article, in which the amount of rent claimed does not exceed $5,000 exclusive of interest and costs.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 4 - District Court -- Jurisdiction › Subtitle 4 - Civil Jurisdiction › Section 4-406 - Violation of Ordinances -- Concurrent Jurisdiction -- Delegation of Authority

(a)    The District Court has concurrent civil jurisdiction with a governing body of a county or the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore over a proceeding for adjudication of a violation of an ordinance enacted:
(1)    By a charter county for which a civil penalty is provided under § 10–202 of the Local Government Article;
(2)    By the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore for which a civil penalty is provided by ordinance; or
(3)    By a code county for which a civil citation is issued under Title 11, Subtitle 3 of the Local Government Article.
(b)    The governing body of a county or the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore may delegate its authority under subsection (a) of this section to a board, a commission, an agency, or an officer under its jurisdiction and control.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 1 - Limitations › Section 5-102 - Specialties

(a)    An action on one of the following specialties shall be filed within 12 years after the cause of action accrues, or within 12 years from the date of the death of the last to die of the principal debtor or creditor, whichever is sooner:
(1)    Promissory note or other instrument under seal;
(2)    Bond except a public officer’s bond;
(3)    Judgment;
(4)    Recognizance;
(5)    Contract under seal; or
(6)    Any other specialty.
(b)    A payment of principal or interest on a specialty suspends the operation of this section as to the specialty for three years after the date of payment.
(c)    This section does not apply to:
(1)    A specialty taken for the use of the State; or
(2)    A deed of trust, mortgage, or promissory note that has been signed under seal and secures or is secured by owner–occupied residential property, as defined in § 7–105.1 of the Real Property Article.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 1 - Limitations › Section 5-103 - Adverse Possession; Common-Law Doctrine of Prescription and Other Limitations Unaffected

(a)    Within 20 years from the date the cause of action accrues, a person shall:
(1)    File an action for recovery of possession of a corporeal freehold or leasehold estate in land; or
(2)    Enter on the land.
(b)    (1)    This section does not affect the common-law doctrine of prescription as it applies to the creation of incorporeal interests in land by adverse use.
(2)    This section does not affect the periods of limitations set forth in § 6-103 or § 8-107 of the Real Property Article.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 1 - Limitations › Section 5-104 - Public Officer's Bond

(a)    An action on a public officer’s bond shall be filed within five years from the date of the bond.
(b)    The State may sue on a public officer’s bond, for its own use, at any time.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 1 - Limitations › Section 5-107 - Fines, Penalties, and Forfeitures

Except as provided in § 5–106 of this subtitle, § 1–303 of the Environment Article, and § 8–1815 of the Natural Resources Article, a prosecution or suit for a fine, penalty, or forfeiture shall be instituted within one year after the offense was committed.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 1 - Limitations › Section 5-108 - Injury to Person or Property Occurring After Completion of Improvement to Realty

(a)    Except as provided by this section, no cause of action for damages accrues and a person may not seek contribution or indemnity for damages incurred when wrongful death, personal injury, or injury to real or personal property resulting from the defective and unsafe condition of an improvement to real property occurs more than 20 years after the date the entire improvement first becomes available for its intended use.
(b)    Except as provided by this section, a cause of action for damages does not accrue and a person may not seek contribution or indemnity from any architect, professional engineer, or contractor for damages incurred when wrongful death, personal injury, or injury to real or personal property, resulting from the defective and unsafe condition of an improvement to real property, occurs more than 10 years after the date the entire improvement first became available for its intended use.
(c)    Upon accrual of a cause of action referred to in subsections (a) and (b) of this section, an action shall be filed within 3 years.
(d)    (1)    In this subsection, “supplier” means any individual or entity whose principal business is the supply, distribution, installation, sale, or resale of any product that causes asbestos-related disease.
(2)    This section does not apply if:
(i)    The defendant was in actual possession and control of the property as owner, tenant, or otherwise when the injury occurred;
(ii)    In a cause of action against a manufacturer or supplier for damages for personal injury or death caused by asbestos or a product that contains asbestos, the injury or death results from exposure to asbestos dust or fibers which are shed or emitted prior to or in the course of the affixation, application, or installation of the asbestos or the product that contains asbestos to an improvement to real property;
(iii)    In other causes of action for damages for personal injury or death caused by asbestos or a product that contains asbestos, the defendant is a manufacturer of a product that contains asbestos; or
(iv)    In a cause of action for damages for injury to real property that results from a defective and unsafe condition of an improvement to real property:
1.    The defendant is a manufacturer of a product that contains asbestos;
2.    The damages to an improvement to real property are caused by asbestos or a product that contains asbestos;
3.    The improvement first became available for its intended use after July 1, 1953;
4.    The improvement:
A.    Is owned by a governmental entity and used for a public purpose; or
B.    Is a public or private institution of elementary, secondary, or higher education; and
5.    The complaint is filed by July 1, 1993.
(e)    A cause of action for an injury described in this section accrues when the injury or damage occurs.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 1 - Limitations › Section 5-109 - Actions Against Health Care Providers

(a)    An action for damages for an injury arising out of the rendering of or failure to render professional services by a health care provider, as defined in § 3-2A-01 of this article, shall be filed within the earlier of:
(1)    Five years of the time the injury was committed; or
(2)    Three years of the date the injury was discovered.
(b)    Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, if the claimant was under the age of 11 years at the time the injury was committed, the time limitations prescribed in subsection (a) of this section shall commence when the claimant reaches the age of 11 years.
(c)    (1)    The provisions of subsection (b) of this section may not be applied to an action for damages for an injury:
(i)    To the reproductive system of the claimant; or
(ii)    Caused by a foreign object negligently left in the claimant’s body.
(2)    In an action for damages for an injury described in this subsection, if the claimant was under the age of 16 years at the time the injury was committed, the time limitations prescribed in subsection (a) of this section shall commence when the claimant reaches the age of 16 years.
(d)    For the purposes of this section, the filing of a claim with the Health Care Alternative Dispute Resolution Office in accordance with § 3-2A-04 of this article shall be deemed the filing of an action.
(e)    The provisions of § 5-201 of this title that relate to a cause of action of a minor may not be construed as limiting the application of subsection (b) or (c) of this section.
(f)    Nothing contained in this section may be construed as limiting the application of the provisions of:
(1)    § 5-201 of this title that relate to a cause of action of a mental incompetent; or
(2)    § 5-203 of this title.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 1 - Limitations › Section 5-110 - Actions Under Public Information Act

An action to enforce any criminal or civil liability created under Title 4 of the General Provisions Article may be brought within two years from the date on which the cause of action arises, except that if the defendant has materially and willfully misrepresented any information required under those sections to be disclosed to a person and the information so misrepresented is material to the establishment of liability of the defendant to the person under those sections, the action may be brought at any time within two years after discovery by the person of the misrepresentation.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 1 - Limitations › Section 5-111 - Contempt Proceeding for Failure to Pay Child or Spousal Support

A proceeding to hold a person in contempt of court for the person’s default in payment of periodic child or spousal support under the terms of a court order shall be commenced within 3 years of the date each installment of support became due and remained unpaid.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 1 - Limitations › Section 5-112 - Actions for Errors in Survey of Land

No cause of action for damages accrues and a person may not seek contribution or indemnity for damages incurred for an error in a survey of land unless an action for damages is brought within 10 years of the survey, or within 3 years after the discovery of the error, whichever occurs first.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 1 - Limitations › Section 5-113 - Limitation on Actions for Damages From Occupational Disease

(a)    In this section, “occupational disease” means a disease caused by exposure to any toxic substance in a place of employment and contracted during the course of employment.
(b)    An action for damages arising out of an occupational disease shall be filed within 3 years of the discovery of facts from which it was known or reasonably should have been known that an occupational disease was the proximate cause of death, but in any event not later than 10 years from the date of death.
(c)    As used in subsection (b) of this section, “proximate cause” means that the occupational disease was a substantial contributing cause of the death of the plaintiff’s decedent.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 1 - Limitations › Section 5-115 - Product Liability Arising in a Foreign Jurisdiction

(a)    (1)    In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.
(2)    “Foreign jurisdiction” means a state, other than this State, territory, or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or a foreign country.
(3)    (i)    “Manufacturer” means a designer, assembler, fabricator, constructor, compounder, producer, or processor of a product or its component parts.
(ii)    “Manufacturer” includes an individual or entity not otherwise a manufacturer that imports a product or otherwise holds itself out as a manufacturer.
(4)    “Product” means a tangible article, including attachments, accessories, and component parts, and accompanying labels, warnings, instructions, and packaging.
(5)    “Seller” means a wholesaler, distributor, retailer, or other individual or entity other than a manufacturer that is regularly engaged in the selling of a product whether the sale is for resale by the purchaser or is for sale to or consumption by the ultimate consumer.
(b)    If a cause of action against a manufacturer or seller of a product for personal injury allegedly caused by a defective product arose in a foreign jurisdiction and by the laws of that jurisdiction the cause of action may not be maintained by reason of a lapse of time, an action may not be maintained in this State, except in favor of one who is a resident of this State.
(c)    This section may not be applied to a cause of action:
(1)    That was precluded, for any period of time, from being filed before July 1, 1991 by operation of law or a court order; or
(2)    For wrongful death described under Title 3, Subtitle 9 of this article.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 1 - Limitations › Section 5-116 - Breast Implants

(a)    An action for damages for an injury or death caused by the effects of a breast implant or breast implant materials shall be filed within the later of:
(1)    180 days after the date of completion of any opt-out period in a class action in which the claimant is a member of the class, including an opt-out period provided for in a settlement agreement;
(2)    180 days after the completion of any nonbinding mediation in a class action in which the claimant is a member of the class; or
(3)    A period of limitations that would otherwise apply.
(b)    This section does not apply to an action for medical injuries subject to the provisions of Title 3, Subtitle 2A of this article.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 1 - Limitations › Section 5-117 - Actions Arising From Alleged Sexual Abuse

(a)    (1)    In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.
(2)    “Alleged perpetrator” means the individual alleged to have committed the specific incident or incidents of sexual abuse that serve as the basis of an action under this section.
(3)    “Sexual abuse” has the meaning stated in § 5–701 of the Family Law Article.
(b)    An action for damages arising out of an alleged incident or incidents of sexual abuse that occurred while the victim was a minor shall be filed:
(1)    At any time before the victim reaches the age of majority; or
(2)    Subject to subsections (c) and (d) of this section, within the later of:
(i)    20 years after the date that the victim reaches the age of majority; or
(ii)    3 years after the date that the defendant is convicted of a crime relating to the alleged incident or incidents under:
1.    § 3–602 of the Criminal Law Article; or
2.    The laws of another state or the United States that would be a crime under § 3–602 of the Criminal Law Article.
(c)    In an action brought under this section more than 7 years after the victim reaches the age of majority, damages may be awarded against a person or governmental entity that is not the alleged perpetrator of the sexual abuse only if:
(1)    The person or governmental entity owed a duty of care to the victim;
(2)    The person or governmental entity employed the alleged perpetrator or exercised some degree of responsibility or control over the alleged perpetrator; and
(3)    There is a finding of gross negligence on the part of the person or governmental entity.
(d)    In no event may an action for damages arising out of an alleged incident or incidents of sexual abuse that occurred while the victim was a minor be filed against a person or governmental entity that is not the alleged perpetrator more than 20 years after the date on which the victim reaches the age of majority.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 1 - Limitations › Section 5-118 - Filing Complaint With Maryland Insurance Commission

For the purposes of this subtitle, the filing of a complaint with the Maryland Insurance Administration in accordance with § 27–1001 of the Insurance Article shall be deemed the filing of an action under § 3–1701 of this article.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 1 - Limitations › Section 5-119 - Limitation on Refiling Claim Dismissed Without Prejudice

(a)    (1)    This section does not apply to a voluntary dismissal of a civil action or claim by the party who commenced the action or claim.
(2)    This section applies only to a civil action or claim that is dismissed once for failure to file a report in accordance with § 3–2A–04(b)(3) of this article.
(b)    If a civil action or claim is commenced by a party within the applicable period of limitations and is dismissed without prejudice, the party may commence a new civil action or claim for the same cause against the same party or parties on or before the later of:
(1)    The expiration of the applicable period of limitations;
(2)    60 days from the date of the dismissal; or
(3)    August 1, 2007, if the action or claim was dismissed on or after November 17, 2006, but before June 1, 2007.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 1 - Limitations › Section 5-120 - Action for Violation of Collective Bargaining Agreement or Breach by of Duty of Fair Representation

(a)    This section applies to an action for injunctive relief or damages for:
(1)    A violation of a collective bargaining agreement covering an employee of the State or a political subdivision of the State; or
(2)    A breach by an exclusive representative of the duty of fair representation owed to an employee of the State or a political subdivision of the State.
(b)    An action subject to this section shall be commenced within 6 months after the later of:
(1)    The date on which the claim accrued; or
(2)    The date on which the complainant knew or should reasonably have known of the breach.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 1 - Limitations › Section 5-121 - Action Against Mortgage Servicer for Damages Arising Out of Unfair, Abusive, or Deceptive Trade Practices

(a)    (1)    In this section the following words have the meaning indicated.
(2)    “Homeowner” means:
(i)    A record owner of residential property that is owner–occupied at the time the alleged violation of § 13–301 of the Commercial Law Article or other State law occurred; or
(ii)    An individual who occupies residential property under a use and possession order issued under Title 8, Subtitle 2 of the Family Law Article.
(3)    “Mortgage servicer” has the meaning stated in § 11–501 of the Financial Institutions Article.
(4)    “Residential property” has the meaning stated in § 7–105.1 of the Real Property Article.
(5)    “Unfair, abusive, or deceptive trade practice” has the meaning stated in § 13–301 of the Commercial Law Article.
(b)    This section applies only to claims relating to residential property.
(c)    An action filed by a homeowner against a mortgage servicer for damages arising out of an unfair, abusive, or deceptive trade practice shall be filed within the earlier of:
(1)    5 years after a foreclosure sale of the residential property; or
(2)    If the mortgage servicer discloses its unfair, abusive, or deceptive trade practice to the homeowner, 3 years after the disclosure to the homeowner.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 2 - Computing Time › Section 5-201 - Persons Under a Disability

(a)    When a cause of action subject to a limitation under Subtitle 1 of this title or Title 3, Subtitle 9 of this article accrues in favor of a minor or mental incompetent, that person shall file his action within the lesser of three years or the applicable period of limitations after the date the disability is removed.
(b)    This section does not apply if the statute of limitations has more than three years to run when the disability is removed.
(c)    Imprisonment, absence from the State, or marriage are not disabilities which extend the statute of limitations.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 2 - Computing Time › Section 5-202 - Time Between Petition in Insolvency by Debtor and Dismissal of Petition Does Not Defeat Claim

If a debtor files a petition in insolvency which is later dismissed, the time between the filing and the dismissal is not included in determining whether a claim against the debtor is barred by the statute of limitations.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 2 - Computing Time › Section 5-203 - Ignorance of Cause of Action Induced by Fraud

If the knowledge of a cause of action is kept from a party by the fraud of an adverse party, the cause of action shall be deemed to accrue at the time when the party discovered, or by the exercise of ordinary diligence should have discovered the fraud.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 2 - Computing Time › Section 5-203.1 - Accrual of Cause of Action Arising From Conduct Constituting Criminal Homicide Under State or Federal Law

(a)    This section applies only to a survival cause of action arising from conduct that constitutes a criminal homicide under State or federal law.
(b)    If knowledge of a cause of action concerning a homicide or the identity of a person who contributed to the homicide is kept from a party by the conduct of an adverse party or an accessory or accomplice of an adverse party:
(1)    The cause of action shall be deemed to accrue at the time the party discovered or should have discovered by the exercise of ordinary diligence the homicide and the identity of the person who contributed to the homicide; and
(2)    A presumption shall exist that the party should have discovered by the exercise of ordinary diligence the identity of the person who contributed to the homicide after:
(i)    A charging document is filed against the person alleged to have participated in the homicide; and
(ii)    The charging document is unsealed and available to the public.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 2 - Computing Time › Section 5-204 - Denial of Defense of Limitations to Foreign Corporations or Foreign Limited Partnerships

A foreign corporation or foreign limited partnership required by law to qualify or register to do business in the State or a person claiming under the foreign corporation or foreign limited partnership, may not benefit from any statute of limitations in an action at law or suit in equity:
(1)    Arising out of a contract made or liability incurred by the foreign corporation or foreign limited partnership while doing business without having qualified or registered; or
(2)    Instituted while the foreign corporation or foreign limited partnership is doing intrastate or interstate or foreign business in the State without having qualified or registered.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 2 - Computing Time › Section 5-205 - Absence From State or Moving From County

(a)    A person who absents himself from the State or removes from county to county after contracting a debt, so that his creditor may be uncertain of finding the person or his property, may not have the benefit of any limitation contained in this title, but this subsection does not prohibit a person from removing himself or his family from one county to another for reasons of convenience nor does it deprive any person leaving the State for the time limited in this subsection of the benefits of any statute of limitations if he leaves sufficient and known effects for the payment of his just debts in the hands of some person who will assume the payment of them to his creditors.
(b)    A person who is absent from the State when a cause of action accrues against him may not benefit from a statute of limitation if the plaintiff files the action within the normal limitations period after the defendant returns to the State.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 5 - Limitations, Prohibited Actions, and Immunities › Subtitle 3 - Local Government Tort Claims Act › Section 5-302 - Nature and Extent of Legal Representation

(a)    Each local government shall provide for its employees a legal defense in any action that alleges damages resulting from tortious acts or omissions committed by an employee within the scope of employment with the local government.
(b)    (1)    Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a person may not execute against an employee on a judgment rendered for tortious acts or omissions committed by the employee within the scope of employment with a local government.
(2)    (i)    An employee shall be fully liable for all damages awarded in an action in which it is found that the employee acted with actual malice.
(ii)    In such circumstances the judgment may be executed against the employee and the local government may seek indemnification for any sums it is required to pay under § 5-303(b)(1) of this subtitle.
(c)    If the injury sustained is compensable under the Maryland Workers’ Compensation Act, an employee may not sue a fellow employee for tortious acts or omissions committed within the scope of employment.
(d)    (1)    The rights and immunities granted to an employee are contingent on the employee’s cooperation in the defense of any action.
(2)    If the employee does not cooperate, the employee forfeits any and all rights and immunities accruing to the employee under subsection (b) of this section.