2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 440 - Uniform Commercial Code › Act 174 of 1962 - Uniform Commercial Code (440.1101 - 440.11102) › Article 8 - Investment Securities (440.8101...440.8601) › 174-1962-8-1 - Part 1 Short Title and General Matters (440.8101...440.8116) › Section 440.8102 - Definitions.

440.8102 Definitions.
Sec. 8102.
(1) As used in this article:
(a) "Adverse claim" means a claim that a claimant has a property interest in a financial asset and that it is a violation of the rights of the claimant for another person to hold, transfer, or deal with the financial asset.
(b) "Bearer form", as applied to a certificated security, means a form in which the security is payable to the bearer of the security certificate according to its terms but not by reason of an indorsement.
(c) "Broker" means a person defined as a broker or dealer under the federal securities laws, but without excluding a bank acting in that capacity.
(d) "Certificated security" means a security that is represented by a certificate.
(e) "Clearing corporation" means 1 or more of the following:
(i) A person that is registered as a clearing agency under the federal securities laws.
(ii) A federal reserve bank.
(iii) Any other person that provides clearance or settlement services with respect to financial assets that would require it to register as a clearing agency under the federal securities laws but for an exclusion or exemption from the registration requirement, if its activities as a clearing corporation, including promulgation of rules, are subject to regulation by a federal or state governmental authority.
(f) "Communicate" means either of the following:
(i) Send a signed writing.
(ii) Transmit information by any mechanism agreed upon by the persons transmitting and receiving the information.
(g) "Entitlement holder" means a person identified in the records of a securities intermediary as the person having a security entitlement against the securities intermediary. If a person acquires a security entitlement under section 8501(2)(b) or (c), that person is the entitlement holder.
(h) "Entitlement order" means a notification communicated to a securities intermediary directing transfer or redemption of a financial asset to which the entitlement holder has a security entitlement.
(i) "Financial asset", except as otherwise provided in section 8103, means 1 or more of the following:
(i) A security.
(ii) An obligation of a person or a share, participation, or other interest in a person or in property or an enterprise of a person, which is, or is of a type, dealt in or traded on financial markets, or which is recognized in any area in which it is issued or dealt in as a medium for investment.
(iii) Any property that is held by a securities intermediary for another person in a securities account if the securities intermediary has expressly agreed with the other person that the property is to be treated as a financial asset under this article. As context requires, the term means either the interest itself or the means by which a person's claim to it is evidenced, including a certificated or uncertificated security, a security certificate, or a security entitlement.
(j) "Indorsement" means a signature that alone or accompanied by other words is made on a security certificate in registered form or on a separate document for the purpose of assigning, transferring, or redeeming the security or granting a power to assign, transfer, or redeem the security.
(k) "Instruction" means a notification communicated to the issuer of an uncertificated security which directs that the transfer of the security be registered or that the security be redeemed.
(l) "Registered form", as applied to a certificated security, means a form containing both of the following:
(i) The security certificate specifies a person entitled to the security.
(ii) A transfer of the security may be registered upon books maintained for that purpose by or on behalf of the issuer, or the security certificate so states.
(m) "Securities intermediary" means either of the following:
(i) A clearing corporation.
(ii) A person, including a bank or broker, that in the ordinary course of its business maintains securities accounts for others and is acting in that capacity.
(n) "Security", except as otherwise provided in section 8103, means an obligation of an issuer or a share, participation, or other interest in an issuer or in property or an enterprise of an issuer and is all of the following:
(i) Represented by a security certificate in bearer or registered form, or the transfer of which may be registered upon books maintained for that purpose by or on behalf of the issuer.
(ii) One of a class or series or by its terms is divisible into a class or series of shares, participations, interests, or obligations.
(iii) Either of the following:
(A) Is, or is of a type, dealt in or traded on securities exchanges or securities markets.
(B) Is a medium for investment and by its terms expressly provides that it is a security governed by this article.
(o) "Security certificate" means a certificate representing a security.
(p) "Security entitlement" means the rights and property interest of an entitlement holder with respect to a financial asset specified in part 5.
(q) "Uncertificated security" means a security that is not represented by a certificate.
(2) Other definitions applying to this article and the sections in which they appear are:
Appropriate person
Section 8107
Control
Section 8106
Delivery
Section 8301
Investment company security
Section 8103
Issuer
Section 8201
Overissue
Section 8210
Protected purchaser
Section 8303
Securities account
Section 8501
(3) In addition, article 1 contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this article.
(4) The characterization of a person, business, or transaction for purposes of this article does not determine the characterization of the person, business, or transaction for purposes of any other law, regulation, or rule.
History:
1962, Act 174, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 ;-- Am. 1964, Act 250, Eff. Aug. 28, 1964 ;-- Am. 1973, Act 9, Imd. Eff. Apr. 12, 1973 ;-- Am. 1987, Act 16, Imd. Eff. Apr. 24, 1987 ;-- Am. 1998, Act 278, Imd. Eff. July 27, 1998 ;-- Am. 2012, Act 86, Eff. July 1, 2013