reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2157b - Confidential Communication to Crime Stoppers Organization; Definitions.

600.2157b Confidential communication to crime stoppers organization; definitions.
Sec. 2157b.
(1) Except as provided in subsection (2) or (3), a person shall not be required to do either of the following in a civil or criminal proceeding:
(a) Disclose, by way of testimony or otherwise, a confidential communication to a crime stoppers organization.
(b) Produce, under subpoena, any records, documentary evidence, opinions, or decisions relating to a confidential communication to a crime stoppers organization by way of any discovery procedure.
(2) An individual arrested and charged with a criminal offense or an individual who is a party in a civil proceeding may petition the court for an inspection conducted in camera of the records of a confidential communication to a crime stoppers organization concerning that individual. The petition shall allege facts showing that the records would provide evidence favorable to the defendant or the party in a civil proceeding and relevant to the issue of guilt or punishment, or liability. If the court determines that the person is entitled to all or any part of those records, the court may order production and disclosure as it deems appropriate.
(3) The prosecution in a criminal proceeding may petition the court for an inspection conducted in camera of the records of a confidential communication to a crime stoppers organization that the prosecution contends was made by the defendant, or by another individual acting on behalf of the defendant, for the purpose of providing false or misleading information to the crime stoppers organization. The petition shall allege facts showing that the records would provide evidence supporting the prosecution's contention and would be relevant to the issue of guilt or punishment. If the court determines that the prosecution is entitled to all or any part of those records, the court may order production and disclosure as it deems appropriate.
(4) As used in this section:
(a) "Confidential communication to a crime stoppers organization" means a statement by any person, in any manner whatsoever, to a crime stoppers organization for the purpose of reporting alleged criminal activity.
(b) "Crime stoppers organization" means a private, nonprofit organization that distributes rewards to persons who report to the organization information concerning criminal activity and that forwards the information to the appropriate law enforcement agency.
History:
Add. 2006, Act 557, Imd. Eff. Dec. 29, 2006
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2158 - Crime; Interest or Relationship of Witness, Effect.

600.2158 Crime; interest or relationship of witness, effect.
Sec. 2158.
No person shall be excluded from giving evidence on any matter, civil or criminal, by reason of crime or for any interest of such person in the matter, suit, or proceeding in question, or in the event of such matter, suit or proceeding, in which such testimony may be offered, or by reason of marital or other relationship to any party thereto; but such interest, relationship, or conviction of crime, may be shown for the purpose of drawing in question the credibility of such witness, except as is hereinafter provided.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2159 - Parties as Witnesses; Depositions; Comment on Failure of Criminal Defendant to Testify.

600.2159 Parties as witnesses; depositions; comment on failure of criminal defendant to testify.
Sec. 2159.
On the trial of any issue joined, or in any matter, suit or proceeding, in any court, or on any inquiry arising in any suit or proceeding in any court, or before any officer or person having by law, or by consent of parties, authority to hear, receive, and examine evidence, the parties to any such suit or proceeding named in the record, and persons for whose benefit such suit or proceeding is prosecuted, or defended, may be witnesses therein in their own behalf or otherwise, in the same manner as other witnesses, except as hereinafter otherwise provided; and the deposition of any such party or person may be taken and used in evidence under the rules and statutes governing depositions, and any such party or person may be proceeded against and compelled to attend and testify, as is provided by law for other witnesses. No person shall be disqualified as a witness in any civil or criminal case or proceeding by reason of his interest in the event of the same as a party or otherwise or by reason of his having been convicted of any crime; but such interest or conviction may be shown for the purpose of affecting his credibility. A defendant in any criminal case or proceeding shall only at his own request be deemed a competent witness, and his neglect to testify shall not create any presumption against him, nor shall the court permit any reference or comment to be made to or upon such neglect.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2160 - Repealed. 1967, Act 263, Eff. Nov. 2, 1967.

600.2160 Repealed. 1967, Act 263, Eff. Nov. 2, 1967.
Compiler's Notes:
The repealed section provided for admissibility of testimony of opposite party on matters equally within knowledge of deceased or mentally incompetent person.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2161 - Cross Examination of Opposite Party or Agent.

600.2161 Cross examination of opposite party or agent.
Sec. 2161.
In any suit or proceeding in any court in this state, either party, if he shall call as a witness in his behalf, the opposite party, employee or agent of said opposite party, or any person who at the time of the happening of the transaction out of which such suit or proceeding grew, was an employee or agent of the opposite party, shall have the right to cross-examine such witness the same as if he were called by the opposite party; and the answers of such witness shall not interfere with the right of such party to introduce evidence upon any issue involved in such suit or proceeding, and the party so calling and examining such witness shall not be bound to accept such answers as true.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2163 - Repealed. 1998, Act 323, Imd. Eff. Aug. 3, 1998.

600.2163 Repealed. 1998, Act 323, Imd. Eff. Aug. 3, 1998.
Compiler's Notes:
The repealed section pertained to children under 10 years as witnesses.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2164 - Expert Witnesses; Fees; Contempt for Excessive Fees; Number; Application of Section.

600.2164 Expert witnesses; fees; contempt for excessive fees; number; application of section.
Sec. 2164.
(1) No expert witness shall be paid, or receive as compensation in any given case for his services as such, a sum in excess of the ordinary witness fees provided by law, unless the court before whom such witness is to appear, or has appeared, awards a larger sum, which sum may be taxed as a part of the taxable costs in the case. Any such witness who shall directly or indirectly receive a larger amount than such award, and any person who shall pay such witness a larger sum than such award, shall be guilty of contempt of court, and on conviction thereof be punished accordingly.
(2) No more than 3 experts shall be allowed to testify on either side as to the same issue in any given case, unless the court trying such case, in its discretion, permits an additional number of witnesses to testify as experts.
(3) The provisions of this section shall not be applicable to witnesses testifying to the established facts, or deductions of science, nor to any other specific facts, but only to witnesses testifying to matters of opinion.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2164a - Expert Witness; Testimony at Trial by Video Communication Equipment; Motion; Payment of Cost.

600.2164a Expert witness; testimony at trial by video communication equipment; motion; payment of cost.
Sec. 2164a.
(1) If a court has determined that expert testimony will assist the trier of fact and that a witness is qualified to give the expert testimony, the court may, with the consent of all parties, allow the expert witness to be sworn and testify at trial by video communication equipment that permits all the individuals appearing or participating to hear and speak to each other in the court, chambers, or other suitable place. A verbatim record of the testimony shall be taken in the same manner as for other testimony.
(2) Unless good cause is shown to waive the requirement, a party who wishes to present expert testimony by video communication equipment under subsection (1) shall submit a motion in writing and serve a copy of the motion on all other parties at least 7 days before the date set for the trial.
(3) A party who initiates the use of video communication equipment under this section shall pay the cost for its use, unless the court otherwise directs.
History:
Add. 2012, Act 68, Eff. June 1, 2012
Compiler's Notes:
Enacting section 1 of Act 68 of 2012 provides:"Enacting section 1. This amendatory act takes effect June 1, 2012 and applies only to actions filed on or after June 1, 2012."
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2165 - Disclosure of Students' Records or Communications by School Teacher or Employee.

600.2165 Disclosure of students' records or communications by school teacher or employee.
Sec. 2165.
No teacher, guidance officer, school executive or other professional person engaged in character building in the public schools or in any other educational institution, including any clerical worker of such schools and institutions, who maintains records of students' behavior or who has records in his custody, or who receives in confidence communications from students or other juveniles, shall be allowed in any proceedings, civil or criminal, in any court of this state, to disclose any information obtained by him from the records or such communications; nor to produce records or transcript thereof, except that testimony may be given, with the consent of the person so confiding or to whom the records relate, if the person is 18 years of age or over, or, if the person is a minor, with the consent of his or her parent or legal guardian.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963 ;-- Am. 1972, Act 87, Imd. Eff. Mar. 20, 1972
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2166 - Admissibility of Evidence in Action by or Against Person Incapable of Testifying.

600.2166 Admissibility of evidence in action by or against person incapable of testifying.
Sec. 2166.
(1) In an action by or against a person incapable of testifying, a party's own testimony shall not be admissible as to any matter which, if true, must have been equally within the knowledge of the person incapable of testifying, unless some material portion of his testimony is supported by some other material evidence tending to corroborate his claim.
(2) A "person incapable of testifying" includes an individual who is incapable of testifying by reason of death or incompetency and his heirs, legal representatives, or assigns; and includes an individual, corporation, or other entity, or the successors thereof, whose agent, having material knowledge of the matter, is incapable of testifying by reason of death or incompetency. A "party's own testimony" includes the testimony of his agents, successors, assigns, predecessors, or assignors.
(3) In any such actions, all entries, memoranda, and declarations by the individual so incapable of testifying, relevant to the matter, as well as evidence of his acts and habits of dealing tending to disprove or show the improbability of the claims of the adverse party, may be received in evidence.
(4) When the deposition, affidavit, or testimony of a person incapable of testifying is taken in his lifetime or when he is mentally sound, and is read in evidence in the action, the affidavit or testimony of the other party shall be admitted in his own behalf on all matters mentioned or covered in the deposition, affidavit, or testimony. When the testimony or deposition of a witness has once been taken and used, or has heretofore been taken and used, upon the trial of any cause, and the same was, when so taken and used, competent and admissible under this section, the subsequent death or incompetency of the witness or of any other person shall not render the testimony incompetent under this section, but the testimony shall be received upon any subsequent trial of such cause.
History:
Add. 1967, Act 263, Eff. Nov. 2, 1967 ;-- Am. 1969, Act 63, Imd. Eff. July 21, 1969 ;-- Am. 1974, Act 305, Imd. Eff. Dec. 9, 1974
Compiler's Notes:
Section 2 of Act 305 of 1974 provides: “This 1974 amendatory act shall apply to actions pending on its effective date and to actions commenced thereafter, regardless of whether the cause of action arose prior to the effective date of this act or arose thereafter.”
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2167 - Repealed. 2014, Act 124, Imd. Eff. May 20, 2014.

600.2167 Repealed. 2014, Act 124, Imd. Eff. May 20, 2014.
Compiler's Notes:
The repealed section pertained to receipt of technician's report in evidence.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21A - Chapter 21a Uniform Unsworn Foreign Declarations Act (600.2181...600.2190) › Section 600.2181 - Short Title.

600.2181 Short title.
Sec. 2181.
This chapter may be referred to and cited as the "uniform unsworn foreign declarations act".
History:
Add. 2012, Act 361, Eff. Apr. 1, 2013
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21A - Chapter 21a Uniform Unsworn Foreign Declarations Act (600.2181...600.2190) › Section 600.2182 - Definitions.

600.2182 Definitions.
Sec. 2182.
As used in this chapter:
(a) "Boundaries of the United States" means the geographic boundaries of the United States, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, and any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
(b) "Law" includes the federal or a state constitution, a federal or state statute, a judicial decision or order, a court rule, an executive order, and an administrative rule, regulation, or order.
(c) "Record" means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.
(d) "Sign" means to do either of the following with present intent to authenticate or adopt a record:
(i) Execute or adopt a tangible symbol.
(ii) Attach to or logically associate with the record an electronic symbol, sound, or process.
(e) "State" means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
(f) "Sworn declaration" means a declaration in a signed record given under oath. Sworn declaration includes a sworn statement, verification, certificate, and affidavit.
(g) "Unsworn declaration" means a declaration or other affirmation of truth in a signed record that is not given under oath, but is given under penalty of perjury.
History:
Add. 2012, Act 361, Eff. Apr. 1, 2013
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21A - Chapter 21a Uniform Unsworn Foreign Declarations Act (600.2181...600.2190) › Section 600.2183 - Applicability.

600.2183 Applicability.
Sec. 2183.
This chapter applies to an unsworn declaration by a declarant who at the time of making the declaration is physically located outside the boundaries of the United States whether or not the location is subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. This chapter does not apply to a declaration by a declarant who is physically located on property that is within the boundaries of the United States and subject to the jurisdiction of another country or a federally recognized Indian tribe.
History:
Add. 2012, Act 361, Eff. Apr. 1, 2013
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21A - Chapter 21a Uniform Unsworn Foreign Declarations Act (600.2181...600.2190) › Section 600.2184 - Unsworn Declaration; Effect Same as Sworn Declaration.

600.2184 Unsworn declaration; effect same as sworn declaration.
Sec. 2184.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (2), if a law of this state requires or permits use of a sworn declaration, an unsworn declaration meeting the requirements of this chapter has the same effect as a sworn declaration.
(2) This chapter does not apply to any of the following:
(a) A deposition.
(b) An oath of office.
(c) An oath required to be given before a specified official other than a notary public.
(d) A declaration to be recorded with a register of deeds.
(e) An oath required by section 2504 of the estates and protected individuals code, 1998 PA 386, MCL 700.2504.
(f) A declaration in a document filed with the court in the course of administering the estate of a decedent.
History:
Add. 2012, Act 361, Eff. Apr. 1, 2013
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21A - Chapter 21a Uniform Unsworn Foreign Declarations Act (600.2181...600.2190) › Section 600.2185 - Presentation of Unsworn Declaration; Medium.

600.2185 Presentation of unsworn declaration; medium.
Sec. 2185.
If a law of this state requires that a sworn declaration be presented in a particular medium, an unsworn declaration must be presented in that medium.
History:
Add. 2012, Act 361, Eff. Apr. 1, 2013
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21A - Chapter 21a Uniform Unsworn Foreign Declarations Act (600.2181...600.2190) › Section 600.2186 - Unsworn Declaration; Form.

600.2186 Unsworn declaration; form.
Sec. 2186.
An unsworn declaration under this chapter must be in substantially the following form:
I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the state of Michigan that the foregoing is true and correct, and that I am physically located outside the geographic boundaries of the United States, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, and any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
Executed on the ______ day of __________, ________, at
(date)
(month)
(year)
___________________________________,
_________________
(city or other location, and state)
(country)
__________________________
(printed name)
__________________________
(signature)
History:
Add. 2012, Act 361, Eff. Apr. 1, 2013
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21A - Chapter 21a Uniform Unsworn Foreign Declarations Act (600.2181...600.2190) › Section 600.2187 - Uniformity of Law.

600.2187 Uniformity of law.
Sec. 2187.
In applying and construing this chapter, consideration shall be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among the states that enact the uniform unsworn foreign declarations act.
History:
Add. 2012, Act 361, Eff. Apr. 1, 2013
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21A - Chapter 21a Uniform Unsworn Foreign Declarations Act (600.2181...600.2190) › Section 600.2188 - Effect of Federal Law.

600.2188 Effect of federal law.
Sec. 2188.
This act modifies, limits, and supersedes the federal electronic signatures in global and national commerce act, 15 USC 7001 to 7031, except that it does not modify, limit, or supersede section 101(c) of the electronic signatures in global and national commerce act, 15 USC 7001(c), or authorize electronic delivery of any of the notices described in section 103(b) of the electronic signatures in global and national commerce act, 15 USC 7003(b).
History:
Add. 2012, Act 361, Eff. Apr. 1, 2013
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21A - Chapter 21a Uniform Unsworn Foreign Declarations Act (600.2181...600.2190) › Section 600.2190 - Effective Date of Chapter.

600.2190 Effective date of chapter.
Sec. 2190.
This chapter takes effect April 1, 2013.
History:
Add. 2012, Act 361, Eff. Apr. 1, 2013
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-22. - Chapter 22. Uniform Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act (600.2201...600.2209) › Section 600.2201 - Chapter to Be Known as "Uniform Interstate Depositions and Discovery act."

600.2201 Chapter to be known as "uniform interstate depositions and discovery act."
Sec. 2201.
This chapter may be referred to and cited as the "uniform interstate depositions and discovery act".
History:
Add. 2012, Act 362, Eff. Apr. 1, 2013
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-22. - Chapter 22. Uniform Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act (600.2201...600.2209) › Section 600.2202 - Definitions.

600.2202 Definitions.
Sec. 2202.
As used in this chapter:
(a) "Foreign jurisdiction" means a state other than this state.
(b) "Foreign subpoena" means a subpoena issued under authority of a court of record of a foreign jurisdiction.
(c) "Person" means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public corporation, government, or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity.
(d) "State" means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, a federally recognized Indian tribe, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
(e) "Subpoena" means a document, however denominated, issued under authority of a court of record requiring a person to do any of the following:
(i) Attend and give testimony at a deposition.
(ii) Produce and permit inspection and copying of designated books, documents, records, electronically stored information, or tangible things in the possession, custody, or control of the person.
(iii) Permit inspection of premises under the control of the person.
History:
Add. 2012, Act 362, Eff. Apr. 1, 2013
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-22. - Chapter 22. Uniform Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act (600.2201...600.2209) › Section 600.2203 - Foreign Subpoena; Submission to Circuit Court Clerk; Issuance; Contents.

600.2203 Foreign subpoena; submission to circuit court clerk; issuance; contents.
Sec. 2203.
(1) To request issuance of a subpoena under this section, a party must submit a foreign subpoena to the clerk of the circuit court in the county in which discovery is sought to be conducted in this state. A request for the issuance of a subpoena under this chapter does not constitute an appearance in the courts of this state.
(2) When a party submits a foreign subpoena to a clerk of the circuit court in this state, the clerk, in accordance with the court's procedures, shall promptly issue a subpoena for service upon the person to which the foreign subpoena is directed.
(3) A subpoena under subsection (2) shall do both of the following:
(a) Incorporate the terms used in the foreign subpoena.
(b) Contain or be accompanied by the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of all counsel of record in the proceeding to which the subpoena relates and of any party not represented by counsel.
History:
Add. 2012, Act 362, Eff. Apr. 1, 2013
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-22. - Chapter 22. Uniform Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act (600.2201...600.2209) › Section 600.2204 - Service; Compliance With Court Rules.

600.2204 Service; compliance with court rules.
Sec. 2204.
A subpoena issued by a clerk of the circuit court under section 2203 shall be served in compliance with Michigan court rules.
History:
Add. 2012, Act 362, Eff. Apr. 1, 2013
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-22. - Chapter 22. Uniform Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act (600.2201...600.2209) › Section 600.2205 - Applicable Court Rules and Statutes.

600.2205 Applicable court rules and statutes.
Sec. 2205.
Michigan court rules and statutes of this state applicable to compliance with subpoenas and requests for the production of documents and things or entry on land apply to subpoenas issued under section 2203.
History:
Add. 2012, Act 362, Eff. Apr. 1, 2013
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-22. - Chapter 22. Uniform Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act (600.2201...600.2209) › Section 600.2206 - Protective Order or Order to Enforce, Quash, or Modify Subpoena; Compliance With Court Rules; Submission to Circuit Court.

600.2206 Protective order or order to enforce, quash, or modify subpoena; compliance with court rules; submission to circuit court.
Sec. 2206.
A motion for a protective order or an order to enforce, quash, or modify a subpoena issued by a clerk of the circuit court under section 2203 shall comply with Michigan court rules and be submitted to the circuit court in the county in which discovery is to be conducted.
History:
Add. 2012, Act 362, Eff. Apr. 1, 2013
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-22. - Chapter 22. Uniform Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act (600.2201...600.2209) › Section 600.2207 - Uniformity of Law.

600.2207 Uniformity of law.
Sec. 2207.
In applying and construing this chapter, consideration shall be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among the states that enact the uniform interstate depositions and discovery act.
History:
Add. 2012, Act 362, Eff. Apr. 1, 2013
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-22. - Chapter 22. Uniform Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act (600.2201...600.2209) › Section 600.2208 - Applicability of Chapter.

600.2208 Applicability of chapter.
Sec. 2208.
This chapter applies to requests for discovery in actions pending on April 1, 2013.
History:
Add. 2012, Act 362, Eff. Apr. 1, 2013
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-22. - Chapter 22. Uniform Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act (600.2201...600.2209) › Section 600.2209 - Effective Date of Chapter.

600.2209 Effective date of chapter.
Sec. 2209.
This chapter takes effect April 1, 2013.
History:
Add. 2012, Act 362, Eff. Apr. 1, 2013
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-23 - Chapter 23 Amendments (600.2301...600.2331) › Section 600.2301 - Amendment of Process or Pleadings Before Judgment.

600.2301 Amendment of process or pleadings before judgment.
Sec. 2301.
The court in which any action or proceeding is pending, has power to amend any process, pleading or proceeding in such action or proceeding, either in form or substance, for the furtherance of justice, on such terms as are just, at any time before judgment rendered therein. The court at every stage of the action or proceeding shall disregard any error or defect in the proceedings which do not affect the substantial rights of the parties.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-23 - Chapter 23 Amendments (600.2301...600.2331) › Section 600.2305 - Answer to Amended Pleading.

600.2305 Answer to amended pleading.
Sec. 2305.
If such amendment is made to any pleading in matter of substance, the adverse party shall be allowed an opportunity, according to the course and practice of the court, to answer the pleading so amended.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-23 - Chapter 23 Amendments (600.2301...600.2331) › Section 600.2311 - Amendment of Process or Pleadings After Judgment.

600.2311 Amendment of process or pleadings after judgment.
Sec. 2311.
After judgment rendered in any cause, any defect or imperfections in matter or form, contained in the record, pleadings, process, entries, returns, or other proceedings, may be rectified and amended by the court, in affirmance of the judgment, so that such judgment shall not be reversed or annulled; and any variation in the record, from any process, pleading or proceeding had in such cause, shall be reformed and amended according to such original process, pleading or proceeding.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-23 - Chapter 23 Amendments (600.2301...600.2331) › Section 600.2315 - Defects Not Affecting Judgment.

600.2315 Defects not affecting judgment.
Sec. 2315.
When a verdict has been rendered in a cause, the judgment thereon shall not be stayed, nor shall any judgment upon confession, or default, be reversed, impaired, or in any way affected, by reason of the following imperfections, omissions, defects, matters or things, or any of them, in the pleadings, process, record or proceedings, namely:
(1) For any default or defect in process; or for misconceiving any process, or awarding the same to a wrong officer; or for the want of a suggestion for awarding process, or for an insufficient suggestion.
(2) For an imperfect or insufficient return of a sheriff or other officer or that the name of the officer is not set to a return actually made by him.
(3) For mispleading, miscontinuance or discontinuance, insufficient pleading, or misjoining of issue.
(4) For the want of warrant of attorney by either party; except in cases of judgment by confession, where the warrant is expressly required by law.
(5) For a party under 18 years of age, having appeared by attorney, if the verdict or judgment be for him.
(6) For the want of an allegation or averment, on account of which a motion to dismiss could have been maintained.
(7) For omitting an allegation or averment of matter, without proving which the jury ought not to have given the verdict.
(8) For a mistake in the name of a party or person, or in a sum of money; or in the description of property; or in reciting or stating a day, month or year, when the correct name, time, sum or description shall have been once rightly alleged in any of the pleadings or proceedings.
(9) For a mistake in the name of a juror or officer.
(10) For an informality in entering a judgment, or making up the record thereof; or in a continuance or other entry upon the record.
(11) For any other default or negligence of a clerk or officer of the court, or of the parties, or their counselors or attorneys, by which neither party shall have been prejudiced.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963 ;-- Am. 1972, Act 87, Imd. Eff. Mar. 20, 1972
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-23 - Chapter 23 Amendments (600.2301...600.2331) › Section 600.2321 - Immaterial Defects; Amendments to Correct.

600.2321 Immaterial defects; amendments to correct.
Sec. 2321.
The omissions, imperfections, variances and defects in section 2315 enumerated, and all others, of the like nature, not being against the right and justice of the matter of the suit, and not altering the issue between the parties, or the trial, shall be supplied and amended by the court where the judgment shall be given, or by the court into which such judgment shall be removed.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-23 - Chapter 23 Amendments (600.2301...600.2331) › Section 600.2325 - Amendment Only on Order of Court.

600.2325 Amendment only on order of court.
Sec. 2325.
No process, pleading or record, shall be amended or impaired by the clerk or other officer of any court, or by any other person, without the order of such court, or of some other court of competent jurisdiction.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-23 - Chapter 23 Amendments (600.2301...600.2331) › Section 600.2331 - Imperfection in Appeal.

600.2331 Imperfection in appeal.
Sec. 2331.
No appeal shall be dismissed on account of any informality or imperfection in the bond, affidavit or other proceedings, for the taking of such appeal, if plaintiff shall either by amendment, or by furnishing a new bond, affidavit or other paper, supply the deficiency or defect.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-24 - Chapter 24 Costs (600.2401...600.2461) › Section 600.2401 - Taxation of Costs; Regulation by Supreme Court.

600.2401 Taxation of costs; regulation by supreme court.
Sec. 2401.
Except as otherwise provided by statute, the supreme court shall by rule regulate the taxation of costs. When costs are allowed in any action or proceeding in the supreme court, the circuit court or the district court the items and amount thereof shall be governed by this chapter except as otherwise provided in this act.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963 ;-- Am. 1974, Act 297, Eff. Apr. 1, 1975
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-24 - Chapter 24 Costs (600.2401...600.2461) › Section 600.2405 - Costs; Items Taxable.

600.2405 Costs; items taxable.
Sec. 2405.
The following items may be taxed and awarded as costs unless otherwise directed:
(1) Any of the fees of officers, witnesses, or other persons mentioned in this chapter or in chapter 25, unless a contrary intention is stated.
(2) Matters specially made taxable elsewhere in the statutes or rules.
(3) The legal fees for any newspaper publication required by law.
(4) The reasonable expense of printing any required brief and appendix in the supreme court, including any brief on motion for leave to appeal.
(5) The reasonable costs of any bond required by law, including any stay of proceeding or appeal bond.
(6) Any attorney fees authorized by statute or by court rule.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-24 - Chapter 24 Costs (600.2401...600.2461) › Section 600.2411 - Special Costs in Action Against Public Officers.

600.2411 Special costs in action against public officers.
Sec. 2411.
In the following actions, if the defendant prevails, he shall be awarded costs and in addition, 1/2 thereof:
(1) In actions against public officers appointed or elected under the laws of this state, or against any person specially appointed according to law to execute the duties of such public officer, for or concerning the omission to do any act which it was his official duty to perform.
(2) In actions against any other person for doing any act by the commandment of such officers or persons, or in their aid or assistance, touching the duties of such office or appointment.
(3) In actions against any person for making any sale or doing any other act by authority of any statute of this state.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-24 - Chapter 24 Costs (600.2401...600.2461) › Section 600.2415 - Costs; Liability of Next of Friend or Guardian.

600.2415 Costs; liability of next of friend or guardian.
Sec. 2415.
Any person who brings an action as next of friend for an infant, or a person who is insane or otherwise mentally incompetent, shall be responsible for the costs of the suit. However, no person who defends a suit as guardian ad litem of an infant or otherwise incompetent person shall be responsible for the costs of the suit unless specifically charged by the court for some personal misconduct in the case.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-24 - Chapter 24 Costs (600.2401...600.2461) › Section 600.2421 - Civil Actions by or in Name of People; Liability for Costs; Warrant.

600.2421 Civil actions by or in name of people; liability for costs; warrant.
Sec. 2421.
(1) Except as provided in sections 2421a to 2421d and as otherwise provided by law, in all civil actions by or in the name of the people of this state, except civil infraction actions, instituted by an officer duly authorized for that purpose and not for the use of a citizen, the state shall be liable for costs in the same manner and to the same extent as if the action were commenced by an individual.
(2) In all civil actions instituted in the name of the people of this state, on the relation of any citizen, the relator shall be entitled to and liable for costs as if the action had been commenced in the relator's own name.
(3) When costs are adjudged against the people of this state in a civil action or proceeding, instituted by an officer duly authorized for that purpose, the state treasurer shall issue a warrant for the amount thereof, upon the production of an authenticated copy of the record of judgment, or of the order adjudging the costs, with a taxed bill thereof, and upon the certificate of the attorney general that the action or proceeding was duly instituted, as by law required.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963 ;-- Am. 1978, Act 511, Eff. Aug. 1, 1979 ;-- Am. 1984, Act 197, Imd. Eff. July 3, 1984
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-24 - Chapter 24 Costs (600.2401...600.2461) › Section 600.2421a - Meanings of Words and Phrases in MCL 600.2421c to 600.2421f.

600.2421a Meanings of words and phrases in MCL 600.2421c to 600.2421f.
Sec. 2421a.
For the purposes of sections 2421c to 2421f, the words and phrases described in section 2421b have the meanings ascribed to them in that section.
History:
Add. 1984, Act 197, Imd. Eff. July 3, 1984
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-24 - Chapter 24 Costs (600.2401...600.2461) › Section 600.2421d - Judicial Review of Final Action in Contested Case; Award of Costs and Fees; Finding.

600.2421d Judicial review of final action in contested case; award of costs and fees; finding.
Sec. 2421d.
If the court awards costs and fees to a prevailing party upon judicial review of the final action of a presiding officer in a contested case pursuant to section 125 of Act No. 306 of the Public Acts of 1969, being section 24.325 of the Michigan Compiled Laws, the court shall award those costs and fees provided for in section 123 of Act No. 306 of the Public Acts of 1969, being section 24.323 of the Michigan Compiled Laws, if the court finds that the position of the state involved in the contested case was frivolous.
History:
Add. 1984, Act 197, Imd. Eff. July 3, 1984
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-24 - Chapter 24 Costs (600.2401...600.2461) › Section 600.2421e - Annual Report; Payment of Costs and Fees; Applicability of MCL 600.2421a to 600.2421d.

600.2421e Annual report; payment of costs and fees; applicability of MCL 600.2421a to 600.2421d.
Sec. 2421e.
(1) The director of the department of management and budget shall report annually to the legislature regarding the amount of costs and fees paid by the state during the preceding fiscal year pursuant to sections 2421 to 2421d. The report shall describe the number, nature, and amount of the awards; the claims involved; and any other relevant information which would aid the legislature in evaluating the scope and impact of the awards. Each agency or department of this state shall provide the director of the department of management and budget with information as is necessary for the director to comply with the requirements of this section.
(2) If costs and fees are awarded under sections 2421 to 2421d to a prevailing party, the agency or department over which the party prevailed shall pay those costs and fees.
(3) Sections 2421a to 2421d do not apply to a civil action which is settled, a civil action in which a consent agreement is entered into, or to a civil action based in tort.
History:
Add. 1984, Act 197, Imd. Eff. July 3, 1984
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-24 - Chapter 24 Costs (600.2401...600.2461) › Section 600.2421f - Recovery of Same Costs Under Law or Court Rule Prohibited.

600.2421f Recovery of same costs under law or court rule prohibited.
Sec. 2421f.
If a prevailing party recovers costs and fees under sections 2421a to 2421f in a civil action, that prevailing party is not entitled to recover those same costs for that civil action under any law or court rule.
History:
Add. 1984, Act 197, Imd. Eff. July 3, 1984
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-24 - Chapter 24 Costs (600.2401...600.2461) › Section 600.2421g - Applicability of MCL 600.2421a to 600.2421f to Civil Actions.

600.2421g Applicability of MCL 600.2421a to 600.2421f to civil actions.
Sec. 2421g.
Sections 2421a to 2421f shall apply to civil actions commenced after September 30, 1984.
History:
Add. 1984, Act 197, Imd. Eff. July 3, 1984 ;-- Am. 1988, Act 203, Imd. Eff. June 29, 1988
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-24 - Chapter 24 Costs (600.2401...600.2461) › Section 600.2425 - Costs; Abatement of Public Nuisance; Private Citizen Plaintiff; Intervention by Attorney General or Prosecuting Attorney.

600.2425 Costs; abatement of public nuisance; private citizen plaintiff; intervention by attorney general or prosecuting attorney.
Sec. 2425.
(1) If an action to abate a public nuisance is brought by a private citizen, whether or not the attorney general or prosecuting attorney intervenes, and the court finds that there was no reasonable ground or cause for the action, costs may be taxed against such citizen. In such a case, attorney's fees are proper costs.
(2) When the attorney general or prosecuting attorney intervenes, the costs incurred by such officer shall be payable by the county in which the nuisance exists and all costs collected in the action shall be paid into the treasury of such county.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-24 - Chapter 24 Costs (600.2401...600.2461) › Section 600.2431 - Costs; Foreclosure of Mortgage by Advertisement; Attorney's Fee.

600.2431 Costs; foreclosure of mortgage by advertisement; attorney's fee.
Sec. 2431.
(1) The expenses of foreclosing any mortgage by advertisement shall be taxed in the circuit court as in civil actions upon the request of any person paying the expenses thereof, and upon such party liable to pay the same.
(2) Where an attorney is employed to foreclose a mortgage by advertisement, an attorney's fee, not to exceed any amount which may be provided for in the mortgage, may be included as a part of the expenses in the amount bid upon such sale for principal and interest due thereon in the following amounts:
(a) for all sums of $1,000.00 or less, $25.00.
(b) for all sums over $1,000.00 but less than $5,000.00, $50.00.
(c) for all sums of $5,000.00 or more, $75.00.
But if payment is made after foreclosure proceedings are commenced and before sale is made, only 1/2 of such attorney's fees shall be allowed. Both the principal and the interest due thereon shall be included in the sum on which the attorney's fee is computed.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963 ;-- Am. 1963, Act 2, Imd. Eff. Mar. 6, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-24 - Chapter 24 Costs (600.2401...600.2461) › Section 600.2435 - Costs; Supplementary Proceedings.

600.2435 Costs; supplementary proceedings.
Sec. 2435.
The court may allow to the judgment creditor, or to any person examined, whether a party to the action or not, witness fees and disbursements, and an attorney's fee in addition not to exceed $30.00 as costs, in supplementary proceedings.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963