reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2118 - Repealed. 1967, Act 178, Eff. Nov. 2, 1967.

600.2118 Repealed. 1967, Act 178, Eff. Nov. 2, 1967.
Compiler's Notes:
The repealed section stated that common law of any other of the United States, of any territory thereof, or of any foreign state could be proved as facts by parol evidence, that books of reports of cases adjudged in their courts could be admitted as evidence of such law, and that courts could take judicial notice thereof just as in case of statutes.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2119 - Judgment; Record of Certified Copy as Evidence.

600.2119 Judgment; record of certified copy as evidence.
Sec. 2119.
Whenever any certified copy of a judgment or decree shall have been, or shall be recorded in any register of deeds' office, such record may be read in evidence in all courts of this state, with like force and effect as such certified copy.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2120, 600.2121 - Repealed. 1974, Act 297, Eff. Apr. 1, 1975.

600.2120, 600.2121 Repealed. 1974, Act 297, Eff. Apr. 1, 1975.
Compiler's Notes:
The repealed sections pertained to proof of proceedings before justice of peace.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2122 - Certified as Evidence; United States Land Office Records.

600.2122 Certified as evidence; United States land office records.
Sec. 2122.
Copies of all papers, documents, plats, maps, entries, or records filed, entered, or recorded in any land office of the United States situated in the state of Michigan, certified by the register or receiver of such land office to be a correct transcript compared by him with the original in said land office, shall be evidence in all courts and proceedings in like manner and to the same extent as the original would be if produced.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2123 - Certified Copies as Evidence; Records of Board of Control of Saint Mary's Falls Ship Canal.

600.2123 Certified copies as evidence; records of board of control of Saint Mary's Falls ship canal.
Sec. 2123.
Copies of all papers, documents, maps, plats, entries, or records filed with the board of control of the Saint Mary's Falls ship canal, or entered in the records of the proceedings of the board of control, certified by the state treasurer of this state to be a true transcript compared by the state treasurer with the original in the office of the board of control, shall be evidence in all courts and proceedings in like manner and to the same extent as the original would be if produced.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963 ;-- Am. 2002, Act 429, Imd. Eff. June 5, 2002
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2124 - Certified Copies as Evidence; United States Weather Record.

600.2124 Certified copies as evidence; United States weather record.
Sec. 2124.
Any copy of the record of observations in regard to the condition of the weather taken under the direction of the department of agriculture of the United States, or any other federal agency, when certified by the officer in charge thereof at the place where the same is taken and kept, that the same is a true copy of the record on file in said department or agency, may be received in evidence in any civil or criminal cause in any court, and shall be prima facie evidence of the facts and circumstances therein contained and stated.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2125 - Proof of Publication; Notice of Application to Court or Judicial Officer.

600.2125 Proof of publication; notice of application to court or judicial officer.
Sec. 2125.
When notice of any application to any court or judicial officer for any proceeding authorized by law, is required by law to be published in 1 or more newspapers, an affidavit of the publisher of any such paper, or of his agent, annexed to a printed copy of such notice taken from the paper in which it was published, and specifying the times when, and the paper in which such notice was published may be filed with the proper officer of the court, or with the judicial officer before whom such proceeding shall be pending, at any time within 6 months after the last day of the publication of such notice.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2126 - Proof of Publication; Notice of Sale of Real Property.

600.2126 Proof of publication; notice of sale of real property.
Sec. 2126.
When any notice of a sale of real property is required by law to be published in any newspaper, an affidavit of the publisher of such paper, or of his agent, annexed to a printed copy of such notice taken from the paper in which it was published, may be filed at any time within 6 months after the last day of such publication, with the county clerk of the county in which the premises sold are situated, or if such sale were made in pursuance of the order of any judge of probate or circuit court, such affidavit may be filed with such judge of probate or with a clerk of such circuit court, as the case may be.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2127 - Proof of Publication; Presumptive Evidence.

600.2127 Proof of publication; presumptive evidence.
Sec. 2127.
The original affidavit so filed pursuant to the 2 last sections 2125 and 2126, and copies thereof duly certified by the officer in whose custody the same shall be, shall be presumptive evidence in all cases, of the facts contained in such affidavits.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2128 - Proof of Publication; Prima Facie Evidence.

600.2128 Proof of publication; prima facie evidence.
Sec. 2128.
The affidavit of the publisher of a public newspaper, published in this state, or the affidavit of his agent, of the publication of any notice or advertisement, which by any law of this state shall be required to be published in such newspaper, shall be entitled to be read in all courts of justice in this state, and in all proceedings before any officer, body or board in which it shall be deemed necessary to refer thereto, and shall be prima facie evidence of such publication, and of the facts therein stated.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2129 - Proof of Publication; Copy of Record of Document; Certification; Court Orders; Seal.

600.2129 Proof of publication; copy of record of document; certification; court orders; seal.
Sec. 2129.
(1) Whenever a certified copy of any affidavit, record, document or paper, is declared by law to be evidence, such copy shall be certified by the clerk or officer in whose custody the same is by law required to be, to have been compared by him with the original, and to be a correct transcript therefrom, and of the whole of such original; and if such officer have any official seal by law, such certificate shall be attested by such seal; and if such certificate be given by the clerk of any county, in his official character as such clerk, it shall be attested by the seal of the court of which he is clerk.
(2) But this section shall not be construed to require the affixing of the seal of any court to any certified copy of any rule or order made by such court, or of any paper filed therein, when such copy is used in the same court or before any officer thereof; nor to require the seal of the supreme court to be affixed to a certified copy of any rule or order of that court, when used in any circuit court.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2130 - Schedules, Classifications, Tariffs, and Supplements Filed With Regulatory Commissions; Copies as Evidence; Presumption.

600.2130 Schedules, classifications, tariffs, and supplements filed with regulatory commissions; copies as evidence; presumption.
Sec. 2130.
Printed copies of schedules and classifications and tariffs of rates, fares and charges, and supplements thereto, filed with any federal or state regulatory commission, which show respectively the number assigned to them by such commission which may be stated in abbreviated form, and an effective date, may be received in evidence without certification, and shall be presumed to be correct copies of the original schedules, classifications, tariffs, and supplements on file with such commission.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963 ;-- Am. 1972, Act 141, Imd. Eff. May 22, 1972
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2131 - Written Instruments; Proof; Acknowledgment.

600.2131 Written instruments; proof; acknowledgment.
Sec. 2131.
Every written instrument, except promissory notes and bills of exchange, and except the last wills of deceased persons, may be proved or acknowledged in the manner now provided by law, for taking the proof or acknowledgment of conveyances of real estate, and the certificate of the proper officer endorsed thereon, shall entitle such instrument to be received in evidence on the trial of any action, with the same effect, and in the same manner, as if such instrument were a conveyance of real estate.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2132 - Marriage Certificates and Records as Evidence.

600.2132 Marriage certificates and records as evidence.
Sec. 2132.
The original certificates and records of marriage made by the minister, judge, or other person authorized to solemnize marriages, as prescribed by law, and the record thereof made by the county clerk, or a copy of such record, duly certified by the clerk, shall be received in all courts and places as presumptive evidence of the fact of the marriage.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963 ;-- Am. 1974, Act 297, Eff. Apr. 1, 1975
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2133 - Marriage License or Certificate; Record as Evidence.

600.2133 Marriage license or certificate; record as evidence.
Sec. 2133.
The record of any license to marry, or of any marriage certificate, in any county clerk's office, or a certified copy thereof, shall be prima facie evidence in any court or proceedings in this state, with the same force and effect as if the original were produced, both as to the facts therein contained and as to the genuineness of the signatures thereto.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2134 - Purchase of Public Lands; Certificates as Evidence.

600.2134 Purchase of public lands; certificates as evidence.
Sec. 2134.
Certificates of the purchase of public lands, signed by the receiver, shall be evidence in any court in this state, that the possession of the lands described in said certificate or certificates, is in the person or persons, his, her, or their heirs or assigns, holding said certificate or certificates, as against any person or persons, not having a better title to such land than actual possession.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2135 - Breed of Horses; Evidence.

600.2135 Breed of horses; evidence.
Sec. 2135.
Whenever it becomes necessary to show the breeding of any horse in any action at law or in equity, the same may be shown by Wallace's year book, Wallace's American trotting register, the American Percheron horse breeders' and importers' association, Percheron society of America, the American Percheron horse breeders' association or the Percheron stud book of America; and whenever a horse is registered in any of the registers aforesaid, or with said society or either of said associations, the record of such registration or the society's or association's certificate of such registration under its corporate seal shall be prima facie evidence of the breeding of such horse.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2136 - Library Record, Book, or Paper; Copy or Reproduction Admissible as Evidence; Fee; False Certification; Penalty.

600.2136 Library record, book, or paper; copy or reproduction admissible as evidence; fee; false certification; penalty.
Sec. 2136.
(1) A copy of a record, book, or paper belonging to or in the custody of a public, college, or university library, or an incorporated library society, if accompanied by a sworn statement by the librarian or other person in charge of the record, book, or paper, that the copy is a true copy of the original in his or her custody, is admissible as evidence in a court or proceeding in like manner and to the same extent as the original would be if produced.
(2) A reproduction of a record, book, paper, or document belonging to or in the custody of a public, college, or university library, or an incorporated library society, in a medium pursuant to the records media act or a reproduction consisting of a printout or other output readable by sight from such a medium, if accompanied by a sworn statement made by the librarian or other person in charge of the record, book, paper, or document, stating that the reproduction is made under his or her supervision or that of a duly authorized representative, and that nothing has been done to alter or change the original, that the reproduction is true to the original in his or her custody, is admissible as evidence in a court or proceeding in like manner as the original would be if produced.
(3) For making and certifying a copy under subsection (1), a fee of 25 cents may be charged. For making and certifying each reproduction under subsection (2), a fee of $1.00 may be charged. If the reproduction is a photocopy, the fee shall not exceed $1.00 and a further charge of 10 cents per folio and 50 cents per sheet for photocopies actually made.
(4) A person who certifies falsely under subsection (1) or (2) is guilty of a felony punishable by the same penalty provided by statute for perjury.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963 ;-- Am. 1992, Act 192, Imd. Eff. Oct. 5, 1992
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2137 - Reproduction or Copy Admissible in Evidence.

600.2137 Reproduction or copy admissible in evidence.
Sec. 2137.
A reproduction in a medium under the records reproduction act, 1992 PA 116, MCL 24.401 to 24.406, or a reproduction consisting of a printout or other output readable by sight from such a medium is admissible as evidence before a court, commission, or administrative body the same as the original and has the same force and effect as the original would have had and shall be treated as an original for the purpose of admissibility in evidence. A certified or authenticated copy of the reproduction shall be admitted into evidence equally with the original reproduction. This section only applies to records filed with the court and maintained by the court clerk or register.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan 1, 1963 ;-- Am. 1964, Act 244, Eff. Aug. 28, 1964 ;-- Am. 1975, Act 248, Imd. Eff. Sept. 4, 1975 ;-- Am. 1984, Act 43, Imd. Eff. Mar. 26, 1984 ;-- Am. 1986, Act 308, Eff. Jan. 1, 1987 ;-- Am. 1992, Act 192, Imd. Eff. Oct. 5, 1992 ;-- Am. 2001, Act 76, Imd. Eff. July 24, 2001 ;-- Am. 2009, Act 239, Imd. Eff. Jan. 8, 2010 ;-- Am. 2013, Act 199, Imd. Eff. Dec. 18, 2013
Compiler's Notes:
For transfer of powers and duties of department of history, arts, and libraries regarding state archives program to department of natural resources, see E.R.O. No. 2009-26, compiled at MCL 399.752.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2138 - Filed or Recorded Documents; Copy or Replacement; Certification; Admissibility as Evidence; Transcript or Certified Copy; Filing or Inserting Correction, Alteration, Indorsement, or Entry.

600.2138 Filed or recorded documents; copy or replacement; certification; admissibility as evidence; transcript or certified copy; filing or inserting correction, alteration, indorsement, or entry.
Sec. 2138.
(1) If a public officer performing duties under this act is required or authorized by law to record, copy, recopy, or replace a document, plat, paper, written instrument, or book on file or of record in his or her office, the officer may do so pursuant to the records media act.
(2) If an original document, plat, paper, written instrument, record, or book of record filed or of record in the office of an officer described in subsection (1) is copied or replaced pursuant to subsection (1), and the officer is required by law to certify in or on the copy or replacement that it is a true and correct copy of the original, a copy of the certification by the officer, similarly made and included at the end of the copy or replacement, complies with the law.
(3) If produced under this or any other law, a copy, record, reproduction, or replacement or an enlarged reproduction of any of these is considered an original for all purposes and is admissible in evidence in like manner as the original.
(4) A transcript or certified copy of a reproduction described in subsection (3) is considered a transcript or certified copy of the original.
(5) If a record or replacement of a record in the office of an officer described in subsection (1) is produced pursuant to this section, a correction, alteration, indorsement, or entry, required or authorized to be made of or on an instrument or paper or on the record of the instrument or paper, may be made by filing or inserting a copy or recopy, produced by the same process, of the page or part of the page, so corrected or altered or on which such indorsement or entry is made, next to the place where the copy or record of the instrument or paper is contained or in such other manner as the officer considers advisable or practicable.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963 ;-- Am. 1964, Act 244, Eff. Aug. 28, 1964 ;-- Am. 1992, Act 192, Imd. Eff. Oct. 5, 1992
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2139 - Seal; Presumptive Evidence of Consideration.

600.2139 Seal; presumptive evidence of consideration.
Sec. 2139.
In any action upon a sealed instrument, and where a counterclaim is founded on any sealed instrument, the seal thereof shall only be presumptive evidence of a sufficient consideration, which may be rebutted in the same manner, and to the same extent, as if such instrument were not sealed.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2140 - Corporate Existence; Proof.

600.2140 Corporate existence; proof.
Sec. 2140.
In any suit or proceeding, civil or criminal hereafter instituted in any of the courts of this state, wherein it shall become material or necessary to prove the incorporation of any company or corporation, or the existence of any joint stock company or association, whether the same be a foreign or domestic corporation, company, or association, evidence that such corporation, company, or association is doing business under a certain name shall be prima facie proof of its due incorporation or existence pursuant to law, and of its name.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2141 - Copartnership; Proof.

600.2141 Copartnership; proof.
Sec. 2141.
In any suit or proceeding hereafter instituted in any of the courts of this state, wherein it shall become material or necessary to prove the copartnership of any firm or association the plaintiffs may cause to be served upon the defendant, with a copy of the complaint filed in the cause, or with the process by which suit is commenced, an affidavit stating that the plaintiffs were the persons comprising such partnership at the time the contract in question was made, or the cause of action accrued; and such affidavit shall be prima facie evidence of such existence of such partnership or association, unless the defendant shall file with his plea an affidavit denying the existence of such partnership or association.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2142 - Seal; Prima Facie Proof of Lawful Execution of Instruments by Corporations, Other Firms.

600.2142 Seal; prima facie proof of lawful execution of instruments by corporations, other firms.
Sec. 2142.
Any corporation, joint stock company, or partnership association, limited, may have a common seal which it may alter at pleasure, and such seal affixed to any instrument purporting to be executed by any such corporation, joint stock company or partnership association, limited, foreign or domestic, shall be prima facie proof of the due adoption of said seal, and that it was affixed to said instrument by due authority, and that said instrument was in fact lawfully executed by such corporation, joint stock company or partnership association, limited.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2143 - Subscribing Witness to Instrument Need Not Be Called; Exception.

600.2143 Subscribing witness to instrument need not be called; exception.
Sec. 2143.
Whenever upon the trial of any action, civil or criminal, or upon the hearing of any judicial proceedings, a written instrument is offered in evidence, to which there is a subscribing witness, it shall not be necessary to call such subscribing witness, but such instrument may be proved in the same manner as it might be proved if there were no subscribing witness thereto, except in cases of written instruments to the validity of which 1 or more subscribing witnesses are required by law.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2144 - Signature or Handwriting; Proof.

600.2144 Signature or handwriting; proof.
Sec. 2144.
Whenever in any suit or proceeding in any of the courts of this state, it shall be necessary or proper to prove the signature or the handwriting of any person, it shall be competent to introduce in evidence for the purpose of comparison, any specimen or specimens of the handwriting or signature of such person, admitted or proved to the satisfaction of the court to be genuine, whether or not the paper on which such handwriting or signature appears is one admissible in evidence or connected with the case or not. If such paper is not one admissible in evidence for some other purpose, or connected with the case, it shall not be admissible in evidence for the purpose of comparison unless it was made before the controversy arose concerning which such suit or proceeding was brought.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2145 - Open Account or Account Stated; Proof, Counterclaim.

600.2145 Open account or account stated; proof, counterclaim.
Sec. 2145.
In all actions brought in any of the courts of this state, to recover the amount due on an open account or upon an account stated, if the plaintiff or someone in his behalf makes an affidavit of the amount due, as near as he can estimate the same, over and above all legal counterclaims and annexes thereto a copy of said account, and cause a copy of said affidavit and account to be served upon the defendant, with a copy of the complaint filed in the cause or with the process by which such action is commenced, such affidavit shall be deemed prima facie evidence of such indebtedness, unless the defendant with his answer, by himself or agent, makes an affidavit and serves a copy thereof on the plaintiff or his attorney, denying the same. If the defendant in any action gives notice, with his answer of a counterclaim founded upon an open account, or upon an account stated, and annexes to such answer and notice a copy of such account, and an affidavit made by himself or by someone in his behalf, showing the amount or balance claimed by the defendant upon such account, and that such amount or balance is justly owing and due to the defendant, or that he is justly entitled to have such account, or said balance thereof, set off against the claim made by said plaintiff, and serves a copy of such account and affidavit, with a copy of such answer and notice, upon the plaintiff or his attorney, such affidavit shall be deemed prima facie evidence of such counterclaim, and of the plaintiff's liability thereon, unless the plaintiff, or someone in his behalf, within 10 days after such service in causes in the circuit court, and before trial in other cases, makes an affidavit denying such account or some part thereof, and the plaintiff's indebtedness or liability thereon and serves a copy thereof upon the defendant or his attorney, and in case of a denial of part of such counterclaim, the defendant's affidavit shall be deemed to be prima facie evidence of such part of the counterclaim as is not denied by the plaintiff's affidavit. Any affidavit in this section mentioned shall be deemed sufficient if the same is made within 10 days next preceding the issuing of the writ or filing of the complaint or answer.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2146 - Writing or Record Made in Regular Course of Business; Reproduction Admissible in Evidence; Other Circumstances; Lack of Entry; Reproduction as Evidence.

600.2146 Writing or record made in regular course of business; reproduction admissible in evidence; other circumstances; lack of entry; reproduction as evidence.
Sec. 2146.
A writing or record, whether in the form of an entry in a book or otherwise, made as a memorandum of an act, transaction, occurrence, or event is admissible in evidence in a proceeding in a court or before an officer, arbitrator, or referee in proof of the act, transaction, occurrence, or event if it was made in the regular course of business and it was the regular course of business to make such a memorandum at the time of, or within a reasonable time after, the act, transaction, occurrence, or event. Other circumstances of the making of the writing or record, including lack of personal knowledge by the entrant or maker, may be shown to affect its weight but not its admissibility. The term "business" includes a business, profession, occupation, or calling of any kind. The lack of an entry regarding an act, transaction, occurrence, or event in a writing or record so proved may be received as evidence that the act, transaction, occurrence, or event did not, in fact, take place. A reproduction of such a writing or record is admissible in evidence in a trial, hearing, or proceeding by order of the court, made within its discretion, upon motion with notice of not less than 4 days. All circumstances of the making of the reproduction may be shown upon the trial, hearing, or proceeding to affect the weight but not the admissibility of the evidence.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963 ;-- Am. 1992, Act 192, Imd. Eff. Oct. 5, 1992
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2147 - Business Record Prepared or Entered in Regular Course of Business; Reproduction as Evidence; Delivery of Copy to Adverse Party.

600.2147 Business record prepared or entered in regular course of business; reproduction as evidence; delivery of copy to adverse party.
Sec. 2147.
Notwithstanding any law of this state to the contrary, an individual, firm, association, or corporation may introduce in evidence at a trial or hearing before a court, officer, arbiter, referee, board, or tribunal, a reproduction of a business record of the individual or institution prepared or entered in the regular course of business, the original of which would be admissible in evidence, including an existing record and including, but not by way of limitation, a check, bill, note, acceptance, or other type of commercial instrument, passbook, deposit slip, or statement furnished to depositors, whether or not the individual or institution regularly so reproduces any or all of such business records. The reproduction shall be in a medium pursuant to the records media act or consist of a printout or other output readable by sight from such a medium. The reproduction, if accompanied by the certificate of the individual or his or her employee or agent, or of the officer, agent, or employee of the firm, association, or corporation who supervised the making of the reproduction to the effect that the reproduction when made was a true, full, and complete reproduction of the original, shall be received as evidence at the trial or hearing with the same force and effect as though the original document were produced. However, the court, officer, arbiter, referee, board, or tribunal may in its discretion require that the original document be produced in evidence, and may also require the taking of testimony of the person who supervised the making of the reproduction. The reproduction is admissible only if the party offering it delivers a copy of it, or of so much of it as may relate to the controversy, to the adverse party a reasonable time before trial, unless in the opinion of the trial court, officer, arbiter, referee, board, or tribunal the adverse party has not been unfairly surprised by the failure to deliver the copy. Nevertheless, such a reproduction need not be submitted to the adverse party as herein prescribed unless the original instrument would be required to be so submitted. If necessary, the reproduction may be offered in evidence by the use of a projector or other similar device. All circumstances surrounding the making of the reproduction may be shown upon the trial, hearing, or proceeding for the purpose of affecting the weight but not the admissibility of the evidence.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963 ;-- Am. 1992, Act 192, Imd. Eff. Oct. 5, 1992
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2148 - Reproduced Records of Business Firms; Disposal of Original Record; Admissibility of Reproduction in Evidence; “Person” Defined.

600.2148 Reproduced records of business firms; disposal of original record; admissibility of reproduction in evidence; “person” defined.
Sec. 2148.
(1) A person, firm, or corporation engaged in business may cause records kept by the business to be reproduced pursuant to the records media act, and the business may then dispose of the original record.
(2) A reproduction in a medium pursuant to the records media act under subsection (1) or a reproduction consisting of a printout or other output readable by sight from such a medium is considered to be an original record for all purposes and shall be treated as an original record in a court or administrative agency for the purpose of its admissibility in evidence. A facsimile, exemplification, enlargement, or certified copy of such a reproduction, for all purposes, is considered a facsimile, exemplification, or certified copy of the original record.
(3) For purposes of this section, "person" means an individual, association, firm, partnership, company, or corporation.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963 ;-- Am. 1964, Act 244, Eff. Aug. 28, 1964 ;-- Am. 1992, Act 192, Imd. Eff. Oct. 5, 1992
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2149 - Loss of Instrument; Proof and Disproof.

600.2149 Loss of instrument; proof and disproof.
Sec. 2149.
Whenever a party to any instrument shall have been permitted to prove by his own oath the loss of any instrument, in order to admit other proof of the contents thereof, the adverse party may also be examined by the court on oath, to disprove such loss, and to account for such instrument.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2150 - Repealed. 1962, Act 174, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964.

600.2150 Repealed. 1962, Act 174, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964.
Compiler's Notes:
The repealed section pertained to suit founded on lost negotiable bill or note.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2151 - Admission of Member of Corporation as Evidence.

600.2151 Admission of member of corporation as evidence.
Sec. 2151.
In suits by or against a corporation, the admission of any member thereof not named on the record as a party to such suit shall not be received as evidence against such corporation, unless such admission was made concerning some transaction in which such member was the authorized agent of such corporation.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2152 - Mental Competency of Testator; Presumption.

600.2152 Mental competency of testator; presumption.
Sec. 2152.
In proceedings for the probate of wills, it shall not be necessary for the proponent in the first instance to introduce any proof to show the competency of the decedent to make a will, but the like presumption of mental competency shall obtain as in other cases.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2153 - Public Officers; Administration of Oaths for Certain Purposes.

600.2153 Public officers; administration of oaths for certain purposes.
Sec. 2153.
Whenever any application is made to any public officer or board of officers to do any act in an official capacity, and such officer or board requires information or proof to enable him or them to decide on the propriety of doing such act, such information or proof may be required to be given by affidavit, and such officer or any member of such board, may administer all necessary oaths for that purpose.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2154 - Witness; Obligation to Answer Through Revealing Civil Liability; Self-Incrimination.

600.2154 Witness; obligation to answer through revealing civil liability; self-incrimination.
Sec. 2154.
Any competent witness in a cause shall not be excused from answering a question relevant to the matter in issue, on the ground merely that the answer to such question may establish, or tend to establish, that such witness owes a debt, or is otherwise subject to a civil suit; but this provision shall not be construed to require a witness to give any answer which will have a tendency to accuse himself of any crime or misdemeanor, or to expose him to any penalty or forfeiture, nor in any respect to vary or alter any other rule respecting the examination of witnesses.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2155 - Statement, Writing, or Action Expressing Sympathy, Compassion, Commiseration, or Benevolence; Admissibility in Action for Malpractice; "Family" Defined.

600.2155 Statement, writing, or action expressing sympathy, compassion, commiseration, or benevolence; admissibility in action for malpractice; "family" defined.
Sec. 2155.
(1) A statement, writing, or action that expresses sympathy, compassion, commiseration, or a general sense of benevolence relating to the pain, suffering, or death of an individual and that is made to that individual or to the individual's family is inadmissible as evidence of an admission of liability in an action for medical malpractice.
(2) This section does not apply to a statement of fault, negligence, or culpable conduct that is part of or made in addition to a statement, writing, or action described in subsection (1).
(3) As used in this section, "family" means spouse, parent, grandparent, stepmother, stepfather, child, adopted child, grandchild, brother, sister, half brother, half sister, father-in-law, or mother-in-law.
History:
Add. 2011, Act 21, Imd. Eff. Apr. 20, 2011
Compiler's Notes:
Former MCL 600.2155, which pertained to obligation of witness to answer, was repealed by Act 274 of 1984, Eff. Mar. 29, 1985.Enacting section 1 of Act 21 of 2011 provides:"Enacting section 1. This amendatory act applies only to civil actions filed on or after the effective date of this amendatory act."
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2156 - Minister, Priest, or Christian Science Practitioner; Nondisclosure of Confessions.

600.2156 Minister, priest, or Christian Science practitioner; nondisclosure of confessions.
Sec. 2156.
No minister of the gospel, or priest of any denomination whatsoever, or duly accredited Christian Science practitioner, shall be allowed to disclose any confessions made to him in his professional character, in the course of discipline enjoined by the rules or practice of such denomination.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963 ;-- Am. 1962, Act 187, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1962
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2157 - Physician-Patient Privilege; Waiver.

600.2157 Physician-patient privilege; waiver.
Sec. 2157.
Except as otherwise provided by law, a person duly authorized to practice medicine or surgery shall not disclose any information that the person has acquired in attending a patient in a professional character, if the information was necessary to enable the person to prescribe for the patient as a physician, or to do any act for the patient as a surgeon. If the patient brings an action against any defendant to recover for any personal injuries, or for any malpractice, and the patient produces a physician as a witness in the patient's own behalf who has treated the patient for the injury or for any disease or condition for which the malpractice is alleged, the patient shall be considered to have waived the privilege provided in this section as to another physician who has treated the patient for the injuries, disease, or condition. If a patient has died, the heirs at law of the patient, whether proponents or contestants of the patient's will, shall be considered to be personal representatives of the deceased patient for the purpose of waiving the privilege under this section in a contest upon the question of admitting the patient's will to probate. If a patient has died, the beneficiary of a life insurance policy insuring the life of the patient, or the patient's heirs at law, may waive the privilege under this section for the purpose of providing the necessary documentation to a life insurer in examining a claim for benefits.
History:
1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963 ;-- Am. 1989, Act 102, Eff. Sept. 1, 1989 ;-- Am. 1995, Act 205, Imd. Eff. Nov. 29, 1995
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 600 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 › Act 236 of 1961 - Revised Judicature Act of 1961 (600.101 - 600.9948) › 236-1961-21 - Chapter 21 Evidence (600.2101...600.2169) › Section 600.2157a - Definitions; Consultation Between Victim and Sexual Assault or Domestic Violence Counselor; Admissibility.

600.2157a Definitions; consultation between victim and sexual assault or domestic violence counselor; admissibility.
Sec. 2157a.
(1) For purposes of this section:
(a) "Confidential communication" means information transmitted between a victim and a sexual assault or domestic violence counselor, or between a victim or sexual assault or domestic violence counselor and any other person to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary to further the interests of the victim, in connection with the rendering of advice, counseling, or other assistance by the sexual assault or domestic violence counselor to the victim.
(b) "Domestic violence" means that term as defined in section 1501 of Act No. 389 of the Public Acts of 1978, being section 400.1501 of the Michigan Compiled Laws.
(c) "Sexual assault" means assault with intent to commit criminal sexual conduct.
(d) "Sexual assault or domestic violence counselor" means a person who is employed at or who volunteers service at a sexual assault or domestic violence crisis center, and who in that capacity provides advice, counseling, or other assistance to victims of sexual assault or domestic violence and their families.
(e) "Sexual assault or domestic violence crisis center" means an office, institution, agency, or center which offers assistance to victims of sexual assault or domestic violence and their families through crisis intervention and counseling.
(f) "Victim" means a person who was or who alleges to have been the subject of a sexual assault or of domestic violence.
(2) Except as provided by section 11 of the child protection law, Act No. 238 of the Public Acts of 1975, being section 722.631 of the Michigan Compiled Laws, a confidential communication, or any report, working paper, or statement contained in a report or working paper, given or made in connection with a consultation between a victim and a sexual assault or domestic violence counselor, shall not be admissible as evidence in any civil or criminal proceeding without the prior written consent of the victim.
History:
Add. 1984, Act 340, Eff. Mar. 29, 1985