reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 11 - Judgments › Subtitle 4 - Judgment Liens › Section 11-401 - Definitions

(a)    In this subtitle the following terms have the meanings indicated.
(b)    “Court” means a court of law or a court of equity and includes the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Maryland, the Court of Appeals, the Court of Special Appeals, and the District Court of Maryland.
(c)    (1)    “Money judgment” means a judgment determining that a specified amount of money is immediately payable to the judgment creditor.
(2)    “Money judgment” does not include a judgment mandating the payment of money.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 11 - Judgments › Subtitle 4 - Judgment Liens › Section 11-402 - Judgment Constitutes Lien

(a)    In this section, “land” means real property or any interest in or appurtenant to real property.
(b)    If indexed and recorded as prescribed by the Maryland Rules, a money judgment of a court constitutes a lien to the amount and from the date of the judgment on the judgment debtor’s interest in land located in the county in which the judgment was rendered except a lease from year to year or for a term of not more than five years and not renewable.
(c)    If indexed and recorded as prescribed by the Maryland Rules, a money judgment constitutes a lien on the judgment debtor’s interest in land located in a county other than the county in which the judgment was originally entered, except a lease from year to year or for a term not more than five years and not renewable.
(d)    Promptly after the entry of an order of satisfaction or the filing of a written statement by a judgment creditor with the clerk of the court that a judgment of a court has been satisfied, the clerk of the court shall make an entry of the word “satisfied” on the horizontal line in the judgment record where the lien is indexed.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 11 - Judgments › Subtitle 4 - Judgment Liens › Section 11-404 - Examination in Aid of Enforcement of a Money Judgment

(a)    This section applies to an examination in aid of enforcement of a money judgment entered or recorded in a circuit court or in the District Court.
(b)    (1)    Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, in ruling on a request by a judgment creditor for an examination in aid of enforcement, the court may not require the judgment creditor to show that good cause exists for the examination.
(2)    The court may require a judgment creditor to show that good cause exists for the examination of a person if the court granted a request by the judgment creditor for an examination of the same person within the previous 12 months.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 11 - Judgments › Subtitle 5 - Execution › Section 11-501 - Sale of Legal or Equitable Interest in Property

A sheriff or constable to whom any writ of execution is directed may seize and sell the legal or equitable interest of the defendant named in the writ in real or personal property. The sheriff or constable shall execute the writ, conduct the sale, and distribute the proceeds pursuant to rules adopted by the Court of Appeals.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 11 - Judgments › Subtitle 5 - Execution › Section 11-502 - Notice of Sale by Sheriff

(a)    A sheriff shall give notice of the time, place, and terms of the sale of any property under execution before the property can be sold.
(b)    In the case of a sale of an interest in property, the notice shall be posted on the courthouse door or on a bulletin board in the immediate vicinity of the door of the courthouse and printed in a newspaper, published in the county where the property is located at least:
(1)    Ten days before the sale of personal property; or
(2)    20 days before the sale of real property.
(c)    If the sheriff gives notice by publication in a newspaper, he may recover the costs of publication from the defendant. If the defendant is unable to pay the costs, the sheriff may recover the costs of publication from the plaintiff.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 11 - Judgments › Subtitle 5 - Execution › Section 11-503 - Employment of Auctioneers

(a)    Except in Harford County, if a sheriff is required to sell real or personal property as part of his official duties, he may employ an auctioneer of his choice and charge the costs of the sale to the debtor.
(b)    If the Sheriff of Harford County employs an auctioneer, the debtor is primarily liable, but if the proceeds of the sale are insufficient to cover the costs, the creditor is liable for the balance of the costs.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 11 - Judgments › Subtitle 5 - Execution › Section 11-505 - Ratification of Sheriff's Sale

In addition to any other requirement under the Maryland Rules, before the court may ratify a sheriff’s sale of real property under levy pursuant to a writ of execution, the judgment creditor who requested the issuance of the writ shall provide to the court a copy of the public assessment record for the real property kept by the supervisor of assessments in accordance with § 2-211 of the Tax - Property Article.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 11 - Judgments › Subtitle 5 - Execution › Section 11-506 - Waiver of Exemptions

(a)    If the defendant has waived his exemptions, the court shall enter the waiver on the docket and on the writ, but failure to make the entry does not affect the validity of the waiver.
(b)    The court may strike out or invalidate a waiver for sufficient reasons.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 11 - Judgments › Subtitle 5 - Execution › Section 11-507 - Exemptions Not to Impair Certain Liens

The provisions of this subtitle relative to exemptions do not impair a:
(1)    Vendor’s purchase money lien on land;
(2)    Mechanics’ lien;
(3)    Tax lien;
(4)    Mortgage; deed of trust; or other security interest.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 11 - Judgments › Subtitle 5 - Execution › Section 11-508 - Sale of Property Which Cannot Be Divided

(a)    If the appraiser determines that the defendant’s property cannot be divided to satisfy a judgment without loss to the defendant, the sheriff shall sell the property. After the sale, the defendant is entitled to $100 from the proceeds of sale.
(b)    The sheriff may not sell the property if the proceeds of sale would be less than $100.
(c)    This section applies only when a single parcel of land or single item of personal property is levied on.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 11 - Judgments › Subtitle 5 - Execution › Section 11-510 - Court May Order Sheriff to Bring Money Into Court

(a)    If a sheriff states in his return that he seized property of the defendant which remains unsold, or that the defendant has satisfied the judgment mentioned in the process in whole or in part, the court, on motion of the plaintiff, may order the sheriff to bring the money into court or show cause for the failure to do so.
(b)    If the sheriff fails to bring into court the amount of the judgment due the plaintiff, the court may enter judgment against the sheriff in the amount of the claim, if the court is satisfied that the sheriff received the debt from the defendant and that his return is false.
(c)    A remedy granted under this section does not prejudice the plaintiff’s right to proceed against the sheriff’s bond.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 11 - Judgments › Subtitle 5 - Execution › Section 11-511 - Dispute as to Proceeds

(a)    If a dispute exists as to the distribution of the proceeds of a sheriff’s sale, the sheriff may file one or more returns.
(b)    The court may ratify one of the returns, or may direct the sheriff to file further returns.
(c)    The ratification of a return under this section is a final order.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 11 - Judgments › Subtitle 5 - Execution › Section 11-512 - Injunction Against Sale of Personal Property Under Execution

If a sheriff is prevented by an injunction from selling personal property taken in execution, the court may order the return of the property taken to the party from whom it was taken, and the sheriff is not answerable to the plaintiff for failure to sell the property.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 11 - Judgments › Subtitle 5 - Execution › Section 11-513 - Forfeiture of Recognizance to Appear or Testify

(a)    If a recognizance taken for the appearance of a person to answer or testify is forfeited, the State’s Attorney may order a writ of execution to be issued for the sum due on the recognizance.
(b)    If a writ of execution is issued against a person who failed to answer or testify, on the return of the execution he may file any plea to the execution which would be good and sufficient to a scire facias if a scire facias had issued on the recognizance.
(c)    If the plea is determined in favor of the person who filed the plea, he shall be discharged from the forfeiture. However, he may not be discharged from the execution before a hearing on the plea unless he:
(1)    Pays or satisfies the execution;
(2)    Gives a bond payable to the State; or
(3)    Enters into a recognizance in court with security in double amount of the forfeiture and costs due on the execution with condition to appear and plead in discharge of the execution, and abide by and fulfill the judgment on the recognizance.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 11 - Judgments › Subtitle 6 - Plea in Bar by Garnishee Against Defendant › Section 11-601 - Judgment Pleadable by Garnishee Against Defendant

(a)    Except as provided by subsection (b) of this section, if a judgment of condemnation is executed against a garnishee or the garnishee pays the judgment, he may plead the execution or payment in bar in an action brought against him by the defendant even though the judgment is later reversed or set aside.
(b)    The garnishee may not plead the execution or payment if at the time of execution or payment the judgment or its execution is stayed by order of court.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 11 - Judgments › Subtitle 6 - Plea in Bar by Garnishee Against Defendant › Section 11-602 - Amount of Levy

A sheriff may not levy by way of execution against a garnishee more than the amount the plaintiff makes appear to be the value of the property and credits attached in the hands of the garnishee, but in no event may the levied assets exceed the plaintiff’s debt and costs including the cost incurred to the plaintiff by the garnishee’s contest of the garnishment.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 11 - Judgments › Subtitle 6 - Plea in Bar by Garnishee Against Defendant › Section 11-603 - Joint Property

(a)    (1)    Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a garnishment against property held jointly by husband and wife, in a bank, trust company, credit union, savings bank, or savings and loan association or any of their affiliates or subsidiaries is not valid unless both owners of the property are judgment debtors.
(2)    Paragraph (1) of this subsection does not apply unless the property is held in an account that was established as a joint account prior to the date of entry of judgment giving rise to the garnishment.
(b)    (1)    A garnishment against property held in a bank, trust company, credit union, savings bank, or savings and loan association, or any of their affiliates or subsidiaries, by one person in trust for that person and another person or persons, is not valid unless all of the persons are judgment debtors.
(2)    A garnishment against property held in a bank, trust company, credit union, savings bank, or savings and loan association, or any of their affiliates or subsidiaries, by one or more persons in trust for another person or persons, is not valid unless all of the persons are judgment debtors.
(3)    A garnishment against property held in a bank, trust company, credit union, savings bank, or savings and loan association, or any of their affiliates or subsidiaries, to be payable on the death of one or more persons to another person or persons, is not valid unless all of the persons are judgment debtors.
(c)    (1)    Notwithstanding subsections (a) and (b) of this section and regardless of the relationship between or among the persons, if property held in an account in the name of 2 or more persons at a bank, trust company, credit union, savings bank, or savings and loan association or any of their affiliates or subsidiaries is garnished, and fewer than all of the persons named on the account are the judgment debtors, the garnishee may answer the writ of garnishment by stating:
(i)    That the property is held in an account at the garnishee in the name of 2 or more persons, 1 or more of whom but fewer than all of whom, are judgment debtors; and
(ii)    The amount held in the account at the time the writ of garnishment was served on the garnishee.
(2)    If the garnishee answers as described in paragraph (1) of this subsection, the garnishee shall hold the lesser of the amount of the judgment or the amount in the account subject to an entry of a court order releasing the property held by the garnishee or a final judgment in the garnishment proceeding.
(3)    If the garnishee answers and holds property as provided under paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection, the garnishee may not be held liable to the judgment creditor or to any person named on the account for wrongful dishonor or for any other claim relating to the garnishment.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 11 - Judgments › Subtitle 8 - Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act › Section 11-802 - Filing

(a)    (1)    (i)    Except as provided in subparagraphs (ii) and (iii) of this paragraph, a copy of any foreign judgment authenticated in accordance with an act of Congress or statutes of this State may be filed in the office of the clerk of a circuit court.
(ii)    If the face amount of the judgment is $2,500 or less, the copy shall be filed with the clerk of the District Court.
(iii)    If the face amount of the judgment is not more than a jurisdictional amount described in § 4-401 of this article, but more than $2,500, the copy may be filed either with the clerk of the District Court or in the office of the clerk of a circuit court.
(2)    The clerk shall treat the foreign judgment in the same manner as a judgment of the court in which the foreign judgment is filed.
(b)    A filed foreign judgment has the same effect and is subject to the same procedures, defenses, and proceedings for reopening, vacating, staying, enforcing, or satisfying as a judgment of the court in which it is filed.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 11 - Judgments › Subtitle 8 - Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act › Section 11-803 - Notice to Judgment Debtor

(a)    At the time a foreign judgment is filed, the judgment creditor or the judgment creditor’s attorney shall file with the clerk of the court an affidavit showing the name and last known post office address of the judgment debtor and the judgment creditor.
(b)    (1)    The clerk promptly shall mail notice of the filing of the foreign judgment to the judgment debtor at the address given and shall note the mailing in the docket.
(2)    The notice must include the name and post office address of the judgment creditor and if the judgment creditor has an attorney in this State, the attorney’s name and address.
(3)    The judgment creditor may mail a notice of the filing of the judgment to the judgment debtor and may file proof of mailing with the clerk.
(4)    If proof of mailing by the judgment creditor has been filed, lack of mailing notice of filing by the clerk does not affect the enforcement proceedings.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 11 - Judgments › Subtitle 8 - Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act › Section 11-804 - Stay of Enforcement

(a)    The court shall stay enforcement of the foreign judgment until an appeal is concluded, the time for appeal expires, or a stay of execution expires or is vacated if the judgment debtor:
(1)    Shows the court that an appeal from the foreign judgment is pending or will be taken, or that a stay of execution has been granted; and
(2)    Proves that the judgment debtor has furnished the security for the satisfaction of the judgment required by the state in which it was rendered.
(b)    If the judgment debtor shows the court any ground on which enforcement of a judgment of the court of this State would be stayed, the court shall stay enforcement of the foreign judgment for an appropriate period, and require the same security for satisfaction of the judgment that is required in this State.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 11 - Judgments › Subtitle 8 - Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act › Section 11-805 - Fees; Rights of Creditor

(a)    (1)    A person filing a foreign judgment shall pay $25 to the clerk of the court.
(2)    Fees for other enforcement proceedings shall be as otherwise provided by law for judgments of the courts of this State.
(b)    The judgment creditor retains the right to bring an action to enforce a judgment instead of proceeding under this subtitle.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 1 - Definitions › Section 12-101 - Definitions

(a)    In this title the following terms have the meanings indicated.
(b)    “Appellate court” means any court which reviews a final judgment of another court, and includes any court authorized to enter judgment following a de novo trial on appeal of a case or proceeding previously tried in another court.
(c)    “Appellate jurisdiction” means the jurisdiction exercised by an appellate court.
(d)    “Circuit court” means the circuit court for a county.
(e)    “Criminal action”, “criminal case”, “criminal cause”, or “criminal proceeding” includes a case charging violation of motor vehicle or traffic laws and a case charging violation of a rule or regulation if a criminal penalty may be incurred.
(f)    “Final judgment” means a judgment, decree, sentence, order, determination, decision, or other action by a court, including an orphans’ court, from which an appeal, application for leave to appeal, or petition for certiorari may be taken.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 2 - Review of Cases Docketed in Appellate Court of Maryland › Section 12-201 - Certiorari to Appellate Court of Maryland

Except as provided in § 12-202 of this subtitle, in any case or proceeding pending in or decided by the Court of Special Appeals upon appeal from a circuit court or an orphans’ court or the Maryland Tax Court, any party, including the State, may file in the Court of Appeals a petition for certiorari to review the case or proceeding. The petition may be filed either before or after the Court of Special Appeals has rendered a decision, but not later than the time prescribed by the Maryland Rules. In a case or proceeding described in this section, the Court of Appeals also may issue the writ of certiorari on its own motion.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 2 - Review of Cases Docketed in Appellate Court of Maryland › Section 12-202 - Exceptions

A review by way of certiorari may not be granted by the Court of Appeals in a case or proceeding in which the Court of Special Appeals has denied or granted:
(1)    Leave to prosecute an appeal in a post conviction proceeding;
(2)    Leave to appeal from a refusal to issue a writ of habeas corpus sought for the purpose of determining the right to bail or the appropriate amount of bail;
(3)    Leave to appeal in an inmate grievance commission proceeding;
(4)    Leave to appeal from a final judgment entered following a plea of guilty in a circuit court; or
(5)    Leave to appeal from an order of a circuit court revoking probation.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 2 - Review of Cases Docketed in Appellate Court of Maryland › Section 12-203 - Action by Supreme Court of Maryland

If the Court of Appeals finds that review of the case described in § 12-201 of this subtitle is desirable and in the public interest, the Court of Appeals shall require by writ of certiorari that the case be certified to it for review and determination. The writ may issue before or after the Court of Special Appeals has rendered a decision. The Court of Appeals may by rule provide for the number of its judges who must concur to grant the writ of certiorari in any case, but that number may not exceed three. Reasons for the denial of the writ shall be in writing.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 3 - Review of Decisions of Trial Courts of General Jurisdiction › Section 12-301 - Right of Appeal From Final Judgments -- Generally

Except as provided in § 12-302 of this subtitle, a party may appeal from a final judgment entered in a civil or criminal case by a circuit court. The right of appeal exists from a final judgment entered by a court in the exercise of original, special, limited, statutory jurisdiction, unless in a particular case the right of appeal is expressly denied by law. In a criminal case, the defendant may appeal even though imposition or execution of sentence has been suspended. In a civil case, a plaintiff who has accepted a remittitur may cross-appeal from the final judgment.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 3 - Review of Decisions of Trial Courts of General Jurisdiction › Section 12-301.1 - Supersedeas Bond

(a)    (1)    This section does not apply to a judgment in an action for damages under § 3–2102 of this article.
(2)    Except as provided in subsection (d) of this section and notwithstanding any other law or court rule, in a civil action the amount of the supersedeas bond necessary to obtain a stay of enforcement of a judgment granting any type of relief during the entire course of all appeals or discretionary reviews may not exceed the lesser of $100,000,000 or the amount of the judgment for each appellant, regardless of the amount of the judgment appealed.
(b)    (1)    In a civil action a party seeking a stay of execution of a judgment of any amount pending review may file a motion to reduce the amount of a supersedeas bond required to obtain the stay.
(2)    A court, on a motion under paragraph (1) of this subsection or on its own motion, may reduce the amount of a supersedeas bond or may set other conditions to obtain the stay, with or without a bond, in the interest of justice and for good cause shown.
(c)    (1)    If an appellant posts a supersedeas bond in accordance with this section for an amount less than would be required under Rule 8–423(b) of the Maryland Rules, the appellee may engage in discovery for the limited purpose of determining whether the appellant dissipated or diverted assets outside the course of its ordinary business or is in the process of doing so.
(2)    The circuit court shall retain jurisdiction over the action for the limited purpose of ruling on any motions relating to discovery under paragraph (1) of this subsection to determine whether the defendant dissipated or diverted assets outside the course of its ordinary business or is in the process of doing so.
(d)    If a court determines that an appellant dissipated or diverted assets outside the course of its ordinary business or is in the process of doing so, the court may:
(1)    Enter orders necessary to protect the appellee;
(2)    Require the appellant to post a supersedeas bond in an amount not exceeding the amount that would be required under Rule 8–423(b) of the Maryland Rules; and
(3)    Impose other remedies and sanctions that the court considers appropriate.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 3 - Review of Decisions of Trial Courts of General Jurisdiction › Section 12-303 - Appeals From Certain Interlocutory Orders

A party may appeal from any of the following interlocutory orders entered by a circuit court in a civil case:
(1)    An order entered with regard to the possession of property with which the action is concerned or with reference to the receipt or charging of the income, interest, or dividends therefrom, or the refusal to modify, dissolve, or discharge such an order;
(2)    An order granting or denying a motion to quash a writ of attachment; and
(3)    An order:
(i)    Granting or dissolving an injunction, but if the appeal is from an order granting an injunction, only if the appellant has first filed his answer in the cause;
(ii)    Refusing to dissolve an injunction, but only if the appellant has first filed his answer in the cause;
(iii)    Refusing to grant an injunction; and the right of appeal is not prejudiced by the filing of an answer to the bill of complaint or petition for an injunction on behalf of any opposing party, nor by the taking of depositions in reference to the allegations of the bill of complaint to be read on the hearing of the application for an injunction;
(iv)    Appointing a receiver but only if the appellant has first filed his answer in the cause;
(v)    For the sale, conveyance, or delivery of real or personal property or the payment of money, or the refusal to rescind or discharge such an order, unless the delivery or payment is directed to be made to a receiver appointed by the court;
(vi)    Determining a question of right between the parties and directing an account to be stated on the principle of such determination;
(vii)    Requiring bond from a person to whom the distribution or delivery of property is directed, or withholding distribution or delivery and ordering the retention or accumulation of property by the fiduciary or its transfer to a trustee or receiver, or deferring the passage of the court’s decree in an action under Title 10, Chapter 600 of the Maryland Rules;
(viii)    Deciding any question in an insolvency proceeding brought under Title 15, Subtitle 1 of the Commercial Law Article;
(ix)    Granting a petition to stay arbitration pursuant to § 3-208 of this article;
(x)    Depriving a parent, grandparent, or natural guardian of the care and custody of his child, or changing the terms of such an order; and
(xi)    Denying immunity asserted under § 5-525 or § 5-526 of this article.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 3 - Review of Decisions of Trial Courts of General Jurisdiction › Section 12-304 - Appeals in Contempt Cases

(a)    Any person may appeal from any order or judgment passed to preserve the power or vindicate the dignity of the court and adjudging him in contempt of court, including an interlocutory order, remedial in nature, adjudging any person in contempt, whether or not a party to the action.
(b)    This section does not apply to an adjudication of contempt for violation of an interlocutory order for the payment of alimony.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 3 - Review of Decisions of Trial Courts of General Jurisdiction › Section 12-305 - Certification of Decisions to Supreme Court of Maryland for Review and Determination

The Court of Appeals shall require by writ of certiorari that a decision be certified to it for review and determination in any case in which a circuit court has rendered a final judgment on appeal from the District Court or has rendered a final judgment on appeal from an administrative decision under Title 16 of the Transportation Article if it appears to the Court of Appeals, upon petition of a party that:
(1)    Review is necessary to secure uniformity of decision, as where the same statute has been construed differently by two or more judges; or
(2)    There are other special circumstances rendering it desirable and in the public interest that the decision be reviewed.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 3 - Review of Decisions of Trial Courts of General Jurisdiction › Section 12-306 - Purpose of 12-307 and 12-308 of This Subtitle

The purpose of §§ 12-307 and 12-308 of this subtitle is to allocate appellate jurisdiction between the Court of Appeals and the Court of Special Appeals. Except as expressly provided in those sections, nothing in them creates or abrogates a right to appeal or otherwise invoke appellate jurisdiction granted by the laws of the State.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 3 - Review of Decisions of Trial Courts of General Jurisdiction › Section 12-307 - Jurisdiction of Supreme Court of Maryland

The Court of Appeals has:
(1)    Jurisdiction to review a case or proceeding pending in or decided by the Court of Special Appeals in accordance with Subtitle 2 of this title;
(2)    Jurisdiction to review a case or proceeding decided by a circuit court, in accordance with § 12–305 of this subtitle; and
(3)    Exclusive appellate jurisdiction with respect to a question of law certified to it under the Uniform Certification of Questions of Law Act.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 3 - Review of Decisions of Trial Courts of General Jurisdiction › Section 12-308 - Jurisdiction of Appellate Court of Maryland

Except as provided in § 12-307 of this subtitle, the Court of Special Appeals has exclusive initial appellate jurisdiction over any reviewable judgment, decree, order or other action of a circuit court, and an orphans’ court.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 3 - Review of Decisions of Trial Courts of General Jurisdiction › Section 12-309 - Appeals From Award of Video Lottery Operation Licenses

(a)    A petition for judicial review of a final decision by the State Board of Contract Appeals in an appeal from the award of a video lottery operation license by the Video Lottery Facility Location Commission may be heard in the circuit court of any county in which venue would be appropriate under § 6–201 of this article.
(b)    Except for cases that the court considers to require a higher priority, a proceeding under this section, including any subsequent appellate judicial review, shall:
(1)    Take precedence on the court’s docket;
(2)    Be heard at the earliest practicable date; and
(3)    Be expedited in every way.
(c)    Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a party to a proceeding under this section may appeal the decision of the circuit court only by a petition to the Court of Appeals for the issuance of a writ of certiorari.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 4 - Review of Decisions of District Court › Section 12-401 - Right of Appeal Generally

(a)    A party in a civil case may appeal from a final judgment entered in the District Court.
(b)    In a criminal case:
(1)    The State may appeal from a final judgment entered in the District Court:
(i)    If the State alleges that the trial judge failed to impose the sentence specifically mandated by the Code; or
(ii)    Granting a motion to dismiss, or quashing or dismissing a charging document.
(2)    The defendant may appeal even from a final judgment entered in the District Court though imposition or execution of sentence has been suspended.
(c)    Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an appeal taken under subsection (b)(1)(ii) of this section shall be:
(1)    To the circuit court solely for the purpose of reviewing the judgment of the District Court; and
(2)    Heard on the record made in the District Court.
(d)    (1)    A defendant who has been found guilty of a municipal infraction, as described in § 6–102 of the Local Government Article or a Code violation under § 10–119 of the Criminal Law Article, may appeal from the final judgment entered in the District Court.
(2)    The costs and procedures for taking the appeal shall be as provided for appeals from criminal cases in the District Court.
(3)    Except, however, as provided in subsection (f) of this section, the appellate court shall docket and hear the appeal as a civil appeal from the District Court.
(e)    (1)    Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, an appeal shall be taken by filing an order for appeal with the clerk of the District Court within 30 days from the date of the final judgment from which appealed.
(2)    If the final judgment was entered in a case filed under § 8–332, § 8–401, § 8–402, § 14–109, or § 14–120 of the Real Property Article, the order for appeal shall be filed within the time prescribed by the particular section.
(f)    In a civil case in which the amount in controversy exceeds $5,000 exclusive of interest, costs, and attorney’s fees if attorney’s fees are recoverable by law or contract, in any matter arising under § 4–401(7)(ii) of this article, and in any case in which the parties so agree, an appeal shall be heard on the record made in the District Court. In every other case, including a criminal case in which sentence has been imposed or suspended following a plea of nolo contendere or guilty, and an appeal in a municipal infraction or Code violation case, an appeal shall be tried de novo.
(g)    In a criminal appeal that is tried de novo:
(1)    There is no right to a jury trial unless the offense charged is subject to a penalty of imprisonment or unless there is a constitutional right to a jury trial for that offense; and
(2)    On the filing of a notice of appeal, the circuit court may stay a sentence of imprisonment imposed by the District Court and release the defendant pending trial in the circuit court.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 4 - Review of Decisions of District Court › Section 12-402 - Appeals in Contempt Cases

Any person may appeal from any order or judgment passed to preserve the power or vindicate the dignity of the court and adjudging him in contempt of court. This includes an interlocutory order, remedial in nature, adjudging any person in contempt, whether or not a party to the action.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 4 - Review of Decisions of District Court › Section 12-403 - Court to Which Appeal Taken

(a)    An appeal from the District Court sitting in one of the counties shall be taken to the circuit court for the county in which judgment was entered.
(b)    An appeal from the District Court sitting in Baltimore City shall be taken to the Circuit Court for Baltimore City.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 4 - Review of Decisions of District Court › Section 12-404 - Commitment for Nonpayment of Fine Following Appeal

If a judgment of the District Court imposing a fine or penalty for violation of a law or ordinance is affirmed on appeal, the appellate court may commit the defendant or appellant in case of nonpayment of the fine or penalty, in accordance with law.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 5 - Review of Decisions of Orphans' Courts › Section 12-501 - Appeal to Appellate Court of Maryland

(a)    A party may appeal to the Court of Special Appeals from a final judgment of an orphans’ court.
(b)    However, if the final judgment was given or made in a summary proceeding, and on the testimony of witnesses, an appeal is not allowed under this section unless the party desiring to appeal immediately gives notice of the party’s intention to appeal and requests that the testimony be reduced to writing.
(c)    In such case the testimony shall be reduced to writing at the cost of the party requesting it.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 5 - Review of Decisions of Orphans' Courts › Section 12-502 - Appeal to Circuit Court

(a)    (1)    (i)    Instead of a direct appeal to the Court of Special Appeals under § 12–501 of this subtitle, a party may appeal to the circuit court for the county from a final judgment of an orphans’ court.
(ii)    The appeal shall be heard de novo by the circuit court.
(iii)    The de novo appeal shall be treated as if it were a new proceeding and as if there had never been a prior hearing or judgment by the orphans’ court.
(iv)    The circuit court shall give judgment according to the equity of the matter.
(2)    This subsection does not apply to Harford County, Howard County, or Montgomery County.
(b)    (1)    An appeal under this section shall be taken by filing a notice of appeal with the register of wills within 30 days after the date of the final judgment from which the appeal is taken.
(2)    Within 60 days after the filing of a notice of appeal under paragraph (1) of this subsection, the register of wills shall transmit all pleadings and orders of the proceedings to the court to which the appeal is taken, unless the orphans’ court from which the appeal is taken extends the time for transmitting these pleadings and orders.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 6 - Certification of Questions of Law › Section 12-601 - Definitions

(a)    In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)    “State” means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
(c)    “Tribe” means a tribe, band, or village of Native Americans which is recognized by federal law or formally acknowledged by a state.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 6 - Certification of Questions of Law › Section 12-602 - Power to Certify

The Court of Appeals or the Court of Special Appeals of this State, on the motion of a party to pending litigation or its own motion, may certify a question of law to the highest court of another state or of a tribe if:
(1)    The pending litigation involves a question to be decided under the law of the other jurisdiction;
(2)    The answer to the question may be determinative of an issue in the pending litigation; and
(3)    The question is one for which an answer is not provided by a controlling appellate decision, constitutional provision, or statute of the other jurisdiction.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 6 - Certification of Questions of Law › Section 12-603 - Power to Answer

The Court of Appeals of this State may answer a question of law certified to it by a court of the United States or by an appellate court of another state or of a tribe, if the answer may be determinative of an issue in pending litigation in the certifying court and there is no controlling appellate decision, constitutional provision, or statute of this State.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 6 - Certification of Questions of Law › Section 12-605 - Certification Order; Record

(a)    The court certifying a question of law to the Court of Appeals of this State shall issue a certification order and forward it to the Court of Appeals of this State.
(b)    Before responding to a certified question, the Court of Appeals of this State may require the certifying court to deliver all or part of its record to the Court of Appeals of this State.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 6 - Certification of Questions of Law › Section 12-606 - Contents of Certification Order

(a)    A certification order shall contain:
(1)    The question of law to be answered;
(2)    The facts relevant to the question, showing fully the nature of the controversy out of which the question arose;
(3)    A statement acknowledging that the Court of Appeals of this State, acting as the receiving court, may reformulate the question; and
(4)    The names and addresses of counsel of record and parties appearing without counsel.
(b)    If the parties cannot agree upon a statement of facts, the certifying court shall determine the relevant facts and state them as a part of its certification order.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 6 - Certification of Questions of Law › Section 12-607 - Notice; Response

The Court of Appeals of this State, acting as a receiving court, shall notify the certifying court of acceptance or rejection of the question and, in accordance with notions of comity and fairness, respond to an accepted certified question as soon as practicable.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 6 - Certification of Questions of Law › Section 12-608 - Procedures

(a)    After the Court of Appeals of this State has accepted a certified question, proceedings are governed by the Maryland Rules.
(b)    Procedures for certification from this State to a receiving court are those provided in the rules and statutes of the receiving forum.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 6 - Certification of Questions of Law › Section 12-611 - Severability

If any provision of this subtitle or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of this subtitle which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this subtitle are severable.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 7 - Practice on Appeal › Section 12-701 - Stays

(a)    (1)    An appeal from an orphans’ court or a circuit court stays all proceedings in the orphans’ court concerning the issue appealed.
(2)    An appeal from an orphans’ court or a circuit court does not stay any proceedings in the orphans’ court that do not concern the issue appealed, if the orphans’ court can provide for conforming to the decision of the appellate court.
(3)    (i)    An appeal from a final order of an orphans’ court or a circuit court removing a personal representative does not stay an order appointing a successor personal representative or special administrator.
(ii)    If an appeal is filed from the final order of an orphans’ court or a circuit court removing a personal representative and the court appointed a successor personal representative, the successor personal representative shall have the powers of a special administrator.
(b)    An appeal from a judgment of a juvenile court with respect to a child neither stays the judgment nor discharges the child from the custody of a person, institution, or agency to whose care the juvenile court has committed the child. The appellate court may authorize a stay, on application and hearing, if it finds that suitable provision is made for the care and custody of the child.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 12 - Appeals, Certiorari, and Certification of Questions › Subtitle 7 - Practice on Appeal › Section 12-702 - Sentences Following Appeals

(a)    If an appellate court remands a criminal case to a lower court in order that the lower court may pronounce the proper judgment or sentence, the lower court shall deduct from the term of the new sentence the time served by the defendant under the previous sentence from the date of his conviction. If the previous sentence was a statutory maximum sentence, the lower court also shall give credit for any period of incarceration prior to the previous sentence, if the incarceration was related to the offense for which the sentence was imposed.
(b)    If an appellate court remands a criminal case to a lower court in order that the lower court may pronounce the proper judgment or sentence, or conduct a new trial, and if there is a conviction following this new trial, the lower court may impose any sentence authorized by law to be imposed as punishment for the offense. However, it may not impose a sentence more severe than the sentence previously imposed for the offense unless:
(1)    The reasons for the increased sentence affirmatively appear;
(2)    The reasons are based upon additional objective information concerning identifiable conduct on the part of the defendant; and
(3)    The factual data upon which the increased sentence is based appears as part of the record.
(c)    If a defendant who appeals from a conviction in the District Court is convicted after a trial de novo on appeal, the appellate court may impose a more severe sentence than that imposed in the District Court, but if the case is one in which the defendant was denied a jury trial under § 4-302(e)(2) of this article, the sentence may not be for more than 90 days except under the conditions prescribed in subsection (b) of this section. Except as provided above, the appellate court may impose any sentence authorized by law to be imposed as punishment for the offense.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Courts and Judicial Proceedings › Title 13 - Court Supporting Agencies › Subtitle 1 - Administrative Offices › Section 13-101.1 - State Court Administrator -- Assessment of Drug Court Programs for Grant Purposes

(a)    The State Court Administrator shall assess drug court programs in circuit courts, including juvenile courts, and the District Court to determine how to increase these programs in a manner sufficient to meet each county’s needs.
(b)    (1)    It is the intent of the General Assembly that the Administrative Office of the Courts request an appropriation of $2,000,000 of additional funding in the State budget for fiscal year 2019 for the purpose of awarding grants to expand the scope of drug court programs described under subsection (a) of this section.
(2)    The State Court Administrator shall disburse the grants authorized under paragraph (1) of this subsection based on the population of the county, to circuit courts, including juvenile courts, and the District Court.