reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 3 - Licenses › Section 2-303 - Education

(a)    (1)    In order to take the examination, an applicant shall have satisfactorily completed 120 semester hours or their equivalent, and hold a baccalaureate or higher degree that meets the requirements of this section.
(2)    In order to become licensed, in addition to the other qualifications for a license set forth in this subtitle, an applicant shall have satisfactorily completed 150 semester hours or their equivalent, including the attainment of a baccalaureate or higher degree that meets the requirements of this section.
(b)    The applicant shall have completed for the degree a curriculum that the Board considers to constitute:
(1)    a major in accounting; or
(2)    a substantial equivalent to a major in accounting, of which required credits or courses may be taken at any 2– or 4–year regionally accredited institution of higher education.
(c)    The degree required under this section shall be awarded by a school, college, university, or other institution that:
(1)    is a member of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business;
(2)    is a member of the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs;
(3)    is accredited by or is a constituent unit of an institution accredited by:
(i)    the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools; or
(ii)    the equivalent regional accrediting association for other regional areas; or
(4)    is recognized and approved by the Board.
(d)    (1)    The Board may use the services of any institution that it considers appropriate to determine what constitutes a substantial equivalent to a major in accounting under subsection (b)(2) of this section.
(2)    If the Board uses an institution to determine curriculum equivalencies, the Board may accept as final the determination of that institution.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 3 - Licenses › Section 2-304 - Applications for Licenses

An applicant for a license shall:
(1)    submit to the Board an application on the form that the Board provides; and
(2)    pay to the Board or the Board’s designee:
(i)    a nonrefundable application fee set by the Board; and
(ii)    an examination fee set by the Board in an amount not to exceed the cost of the required examination.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 3 - Licenses › Section 2-305 - Examinations

(a)    An applicant who meets the educational requirements established by the Board is entitled to be examined as provided in this section.
(b)    The Board shall give examinations to applicants at least twice a year, at the times and places that the Board determines.
(c)    The Board shall give each qualified applicant notice of the time and place of examination.
(d)    (1)    The Board shall give the examination prepared by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants or an equivalent examination as determined by the Board.
(2)    The Board may use the services of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants to prepare or grade an examination. If the Board uses the services of the Institute, the Board may accept as final the grades that the Institute determines.
(3)    The Board may use the services of any person whom the Board considers appropriate to proctor an examination.
(e)    The Board shall adopt regulations that establish the passing score for an examination.
(f)    (1)    The Board shall mail or electronically transmit to each applicant notice of the applicant’s examination score.
(2)    Any applicant who requests an appointment within 60 days after the date on which the notice is mailed or electronically transmitted may review the applicant’s answers to the examination.
(g)    (1)    If the Board uses the services of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants to grade an examination, the Board may mail or electronically transmit the examination answers to the Institute.
(2)    If the Board sends out examination answers for grading in accordance with paragraph (1) of this subsection, the Board is not liable for the loss or destruction of any of the examination answers while the answers are out of the possession of the Board.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 3 - Licenses › Section 2-306 - Partial Examination Credit

The Board may adopt regulations that, under the conditions that the Board considers appropriate, allow an applicant who obtains a passing score on any part of an examination to:
(1)    be given credit for that part; and
(2)    be reexamined only in the remaining parts.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 3 - Licenses › Section 2-307 - Reexamination

(a)    Subject to the provisions of this section, an applicant who fails an examination given under § 2-305 of this subtitle may retake the examination.
(b)    (1)    Subject to the provisions of this subsection, the Board may not limit the number of times that an applicant may take an examination.
(2)    The Board may adopt regulations to set conditions for retaking examinations, including requirements that an applicant:
(i)    wait a reasonable period between examinations; and
(ii)    prepare for reexamination in a manner specified by the Board.
(c)    (1)    An applicant for reexamination shall:
(i)    submit to the Board an application for reexamination on the form that the Board provides; and
(ii)    pay to the Board or the Board’s designee a reexamination fee set under this subsection.
(2)    The Board shall set fees for reexamination so that:
(i)    the fee for reexamination on the entire examination does not exceed the cost of the required reexamination; and
(ii)    the fee for reexamination on less than the entire examination is less than the fee set for the entire examination.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 3 - Licenses › Section 2-308 - Waiver of Examination Requirements

(a)    Subject to the provisions of this section, the Board may waive any examination requirement of this subtitle for:
(1)    a certified public accountant licensed by another state; or
(2)    the holder of a license, certificate, or degree that is issued by another country and is recognized as authority for the holder to practice public accountancy in that country in a manner comparable to practicing certified public accountancy in this State.
(b)    The Board may grant a waiver under this section only if the applicant:
(1)    is of good character and reputation;
(2)    is at least 18 years of age;
(3)    pays to the Board:
(i)    a nonrefundable application fee set by the Board; and
(ii)    a license fee set by the Board; and
(4)    provides adequate evidence that the applicant has met educational, examination, and experience requirements that are:
(i)    substantially equivalent to those required by the laws of this State;
(ii)    substantially equivalent to those required by the laws of the State at the time the applicant was licensed in another state; or
(iii)    after passing the Uniform Certified Public Accountancy Examination, has obtained 4 years of practical work experience, as defined in § 2–302(f) of this subtitle, within the last 10 years immediately preceding submission of the application.
(c)    (1)    For the purposes of this subtitle, “substantial equivalency” means a determination made by the Board or its designee that:
(i)    the education, examination, and experience requirements contained in the laws or administrative rules of another jurisdiction are comparable to, or exceed, the education, examination, and experience requirements contained in the Uniform Accountancy Act; or
(ii)    an individual’s education, examination, and experience are comparable to or exceed the education, examination, and experience requirements contained in the Uniform Accountancy Act.
(2)    In determining substantial equivalency, the Board shall take into account an individual’s qualifications without regard to the sequence in which the education, examination, or experience requirements are met.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 3 - Licenses › Section 2-309 - Issuance of License

(a)    If an applicant qualifies for a license under this subtitle, the Board shall mail or electronically transmit to the applicant a notice that states that:
(1)    the applicant has qualified for a license; and
(2)    on receipt of a license fee set by the Board, the Board will issue a license to the applicant.
(b)    On payment of the license fee, the Board shall issue a license to each applicant who meets the requirements of this subtitle.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 3 - Licenses › Section 2-311 - Term and Renewal of License

(a)    Unless a license is renewed for a 2–year term as provided in this section, the license expires on the first December 31 that comes:
(1)    after the effective date of the license; and
(2)    in an even–numbered year.
(b)    (1)    At least 1 month before a license expires, the Board shall mail or electronically transmit to the licensee:
(i)    a renewal application form; and
(ii)    a notice that states:
1.    the date on which the current license expires; and
2.    the amount of the license fee.
(2)    If an electronic transmission under paragraph (1) of this subsection is returned to the Board as undeliverable, the Board shall mail to the licensee, at the last known address of the licensee, the materials required under paragraph (1) of this subsection within 10 business days of the date the Board received the notice that the electronic transmission was undeliverable.
(c)    Before a license expires, the licensee periodically may renew it for an additional 2–year term, if the licensee:
(1)    otherwise is entitled to be licensed;
(2)    pays to the Board a license fee set by the Board; and
(3)    submits to the Board:
(i)    a renewal application on the form that the Board provides; and
(ii)    satisfactory evidence of compliance with the continuing education requirements set under this subtitle for license renewal.
(d)    The Board shall renew the license of each licensee who meets the requirements of this section.
(e)    The Secretary may determine that licenses issued under this subtitle shall expire on a staggered basis.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 3 - Licenses › Section 2-313 - Inactive Status

(a)    The Board shall place a licensee on inactive status and issue an inactive status certificate to the licensee, if the licensee:
(1)    submits to the Board an application for inactive status on the form that the Board provides;
(2)    pays to the Board an inactive status fee set by the Board; and
(3)    except for the continuing education requirements set under § 2–312 of this subtitle, qualifies for an active license.
(b)    A licensee on inactive status may not practice certified public accountancy in the State.
(c)    (1)    Unless a licensee on inactive status renews it as provided in this section, the licensee loses that status on the first December 31 that comes:
(i)    after the inactive status certificate is issued to the licensee; and
(ii)    in an even–numbered year.
(2)    (i)    At least 1 month before the inactive status of a licensee expires, the Board shall mail or electronically transmit to the licensee:
1.    a renewal application form; and
2.    a notice that states:
A.    the date on which the inactive status expires; and
B.    the amount of the inactive status fee.
(ii)    If an electronic transmission under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph is returned to the Board as undeliverable, the Board shall mail to the licensee, at the last known address of the licensee, the materials required under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph within 10 business days of the date the Board received the notice that the electronic transmission was undeliverable.
(3)    Before an inactive status expires, the licensee periodically may renew it for an additional 2–year term, if the licensee:
(i)    otherwise is entitled to be placed on inactive status;
(ii)    pays to the Board an inactive status fee set by the Board; and
(iii)    submits to the Board a renewal application on the form that the Board provides.
(4)    After an inactive status expires, the former licensee may reapply for inactive status without meeting the continuing education requirements to qualify for an active license under § 2–312 of this subtitle, only if the former licensee:
(i)    otherwise is entitled to be placed on inactive status;
(ii)    pays to the Board an inactive status fee set by the Board; and
(iii)    reapplies to the Board for inactive status within 2 years after initial expiration of inactive status on a form that the Board provides.
(5)    The Board shall renew the inactive status of each licensee or grant the reapplication for inactive status of each former licensee who meets the requirements of this subsection.
(d)    The Board shall reactivate the license of a licensee who is on inactive status, if the licensee:
(1)    complies with each continuing education requirement that the Board sets for this purpose;
(2)    submits to the Board an application for reactivation; and
(3)    pays to the Board a reactivation fee that is equal to the license fee set by the Board under § 2–311 of this subtitle.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 3 - Licenses › Section 2-314 - Reinstatement of Expired Licenses

In accordance with its regulations, the Board may reinstate the license of an individual who has failed to renew the license for any reason if the individual:
(1)    otherwise is entitled to be licensed;
(2)    complies with each continuing education requirement that the Board sets for this purpose; and
(3)    pays to the Board a reinstatement fee set by the Board.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 3 - Licenses › Section 2-316 - Denials, Reprimands, Suspensions, and Revocations -- Commencement of Proceedings

On its own initiative or on a written complaint made to the Board by any person, the Board may commence proceedings under § 2-315 of this subtitle.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 3 - Licenses › Section 2-317 - Denials, Reprimands, Suspensions, and Revocations -- Hearings

(a)    Except as otherwise provided in § 10-226 of the State Government Article, before the Board takes any final action under § 2-315 of this subtitle, it shall give the individual against whom the action is contemplated an opportunity for a hearing before the Board.
(b)    The Board shall give notice and hold the hearing in accordance with Title 10, Subtitle 2 of the State Government Article.
(c)    The Board may administer oaths in connection with any proceeding under this section.
(d)    (1)    The Board may issue a subpoena for the attendance of a witness to testify or the production of evidence in connection with any proceeding under this section.
(2)    If a person fails to comply with a subpoena issued under this subsection, on petition of the Board, a circuit court may compel compliance with the subpoena.
(e)    If, after due notice, the individual against whom the action is contemplated fails or refuses to appear, nevertheless the Board may hear and determine the matter.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 3 - Licenses › Section 2-318 - Limitations on Expiration and Surrender of License

(a)    (1)    For the limited purpose set forth in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a license shall remain in effect and may not expire by operation of law while the licensee is under investigation by the Board or awaiting a hearing or disposition on charges subject to disciplinary action under this subtitle.
(2)    Any extension of a license term caused under this subsection is effective only for the purpose of retaining the jurisdiction of the Board over the licensee during the course of disciplinary proceedings and does not prevent the license from expiring for any other purpose.
(b)    Unless the Board agrees to accept the surrender, a licensee may not surrender a license while the licensee is under investigation or awaiting a hearing or disposition on charges subject to disciplinary action under this subtitle.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 3 - Licenses › Section 2-319 - Reinstatement of Revoked or Suspended License

(a)    Subject to the provisions of this section, the Board may reinstate:
(1)    any license that has been revoked; or
(2)    before fulfillment of the conditions of the suspension, any license that has been suspended.
(b)    A license may be reinstated under this section only if:
(1)    the individual whose license has been revoked or suspended submits a written request to the Board;
(2)    the Board holds a hearing on the request;
(3)    the Board, by an affirmative vote of a majority of its members, votes to reinstate the license; and
(4)    the individual pays to the Board a reinstatement fee set by the Board.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 4 - Permits › Section 2-401 - Permit to Practice Accountancy as a Firm

(a)    A firm shall hold a permit issued by the Board if the firm:
(1)    has an office in this State that performs attest services as defined in § 2–101(c) of this title; or
(2)    has an office in this State that uses the title “CPA” or “CPA firm”.
(b)    A firm that does not have an office in this State may perform attest services as defined in § 2–101(c) of this title for a client in this State without a permit if the firm:
(1)    meets the application and peer review requirements under §§ 2–402, 2–402.1, and 2–403 of this subtitle and § 2–4A–02 of this title; and
(2)    performs services through an individual with a practice privilege under § 2–321 of this title in the state where the individual with a practice privilege retains a principal place of business.
(c)    The Board shall grant or renew a permit to practice as a CPA firm to a partnership, limited liability company, or corporation that demonstrates its qualifications in accordance with this section.
(d)    If a firm does not meet the requirements of this section, the firm may perform professional services other than attest services while using the title “CPA” or “CPA firm” in this State without a permit, if the firm:
(1)    performs those services through an individual with a practice privilege provided under § 2–321 of this title; and
(2)    performs those services in the state where the individual with a practice privilege retains a principal place of business.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 4 - Permits › Section 2-402 - Qualifications of Applicants -- Partnerships

(a)    To qualify for a permit, a partnership shall meet the requirements of this section.
(b)    The partnership shall:
(1)    have at least a simple majority of the partners, officers, shareholders, members, or managers, in terms of financial interest and voting rights, be licensed in a state;
(2)    (i)    have a permanent office in the State from which an individual is licensed to practice certified public accountancy; or
(ii)    have at least a simple majority of the partners, officers, shareholders, members, or managers retain a principal place of business in this State;
(3)    hold a valid license issued under § 2–301 of this title; and
(4)    comply with regulations promulgated by the Board.
(c)    An individual who is not licensed to practice certified public accountancy in this State or another state may have an ownership interest in the partnership if:
(1)    a simple majority of the ownership of the partnership, in terms of financial interests and voting rights, is held by individuals licensed to practice certified public accountancy in this or another state;
(2)    the individual is an active participant in the partnership or its affiliated entities;
(3)    the partnership designates, to the Board, a licensee of this State, or a qualified licensee of another state who is responsible for the  registration of the partnership; and
(4)    the partnership complies with regulations adopted by the Board.
(d)    At least 1 general partner and any other partner who practices or intends to practice certified public accountancy in the State shall be licensed by the Board to practice certified public accountancy in the State or qualify for a practice privilege under § 2–321 of this title.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 4 - Permits › Section 2-402.1 - Qualifications of Applicants -- Limited Liability Companies

(a)    To qualify for a permit, a limited liability company shall meet the requirements of this section.
(b)    The limited liability company shall:
(1)    have at least a simple majority of the officers, shareholders, members, or managers, in terms of financial interest and voting rights, be licensed in a state;
(2)    (i)    have a permanent office in the State from which an individual is  licensed to practice certified public accountancy; or
(ii)    have at least a simple majority of the officers, shareholders, members, or managers retain a principal place of business in this State;
(3)    hold a valid license issued under § 2–301 of this title; and
(4)    comply with regulations adopted by the Board.
(c)    An individual who is not licensed to practice certified public accountancy in this State or another state may have an ownership interest in the limited liability company if:
(1)    a simple majority of the ownership of the limited liability company, in terms of financial interests and voting rights, is held by individuals licensed to practice certified public accountancy in this or another state; and
(2)    the individual is an active participant in the limited liability company or affiliated entities.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 4 - Permits › Section 2-403 - Qualifications of Applicants -- Corporations

(a)    To qualify for a permit, a corporation shall meet the requirements of this section.
(b)    The corporation shall meet the applicable requirements of the Maryland Professional Service Corporation Act or of the comparable law in another state.
(c)    The corporation shall:
(1)    have at least a simple majority of the officers, shareholders, members, or managers, in terms of financial interest and voting rights, be licensed in a state;
(2)    (i)    have a permanent office in the State from which an individual is  licensed to practice certified public accountancy; or
(ii)    have at least a simple majority of the officers, shareholders, members, or managers retain a principal place of business in this State;
(3)    hold a valid license issued under § 2–301 of this title; and
(4)    comply with regulations adopted by the Board.
(d)    An individual who is not licensed to practice certified public accountancy in this State or another state may have an ownership interest in the corporation if:
(1)    a simple majority of the ownership of the corporation, in terms of financial interests and voting rights, is held by individuals licensed to practice certified public accountancy in this or another state;
(2)    the individual is an active participant in the corporation or affiliated entities;
(3)    the corporation submits to the Board the name of a licensee of this State, or, if applicable, a licensee of another state with a practice privilege in this State who is responsible for the registration of the corporation; and
(4)    the corporation complies with any other requirements that the Board imposes.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 4 - Permits › Section 2-404 - Application Form; Requirements

(a)    An applicant for a permit shall:
(1)    submit to the Board an application on the form that the Board provides; and
(2)    pay to the Board a nonrefundable application fee set by the Board.
(b)    In addition to any other information required on an application form, the form shall require:
(1)    for a partnership applicant, a list of each partner who practices or who intends to practice certified public accountancy in the State;
(2)    for a limited liability company, a list of each member who practices or who intends to practice certified public accountancy in the State; and
(3)    for a corporate applicant, a list of all of the shareholders of the corporation.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 4 - Permits › Section 2-405 - Issuance of Permit

(a)    If an applicant qualifies for a permit under this subtitle, the Board shall mail or electronically transmit to the applicant a notice that states that:
(1)    the applicant has qualified for a permit; and
(2)    on receipt of a permit fee set by the Board, the Board will issue a permit to the applicant.
(b)    On payment of the permit fee, the Board shall issue a permit to each applicant that meets the requirements of this subtitle.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 4 - Permits › Section 2-406 - Scope of Permit

(a)    Subject to subsection (b) of this section and while a permit is in effect, it authorizes the holder to:
(1)    operate a business through which an individual practices certified public accountancy; and
(2)    represent to the public that the business provides the services of a licensed certified public accountant.
(b)    A permit authorizes the holder to provide a service that constitutes practicing certified public accountancy only if the service is performed by an individual who is licensed or otherwise authorized under this title to practice.
(c)    A firm may use the title “CPA” or “CPA firm” without a permit issued under this section if the firm is performing other professional services that do not require a permit if:
(1)    the firm performs those services through an individual with a practice privilege under § 2–321 of this title; and
(2)    the firm performs those services in the state where the individual with a practice privilege retains a principal place of business.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 4 - Permits › Section 2-407 - Term and Renewal of Permit

(a)    Unless a permit is renewed for a 2–year term as provided in this section, the permit expires on the first December 31 that comes:
(1)    after the effective date of the permit; and
(2)    in an even–numbered year.
(b)    (1)    At least 1 month before a permit expires, the Board shall mail or electronically transmit to the permit holder:
(i)    a renewal application form; and
(ii)    a notice that states:
1.    the date on which the current permit expires; and
2.    the amount of the permit fee.
(2)    If an electronic transmission under paragraph (1) of this subsection is returned to the Board as undeliverable, the Board shall mail to the permit holder, at the last known address of the permit holder, the materials required under paragraph (1) of this subsection within 10 business days of the date the Board received the notice that the electronic transmission was undeliverable.
(c)    Before a permit expires, the permit holder periodically may renew it for an additional 2–year term, if the holder:
(1)    otherwise is entitled to a permit;
(2)    pays to the Board a permit fee set by the Board; and
(3)    submits to the Board a renewal application on the form that the Board provides.
(d)    The Board shall renew the permit of each permit holder who meets the requirements of this section.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 4 - Permits › Section 2-408 - Notice of Change in Name or Composition

(a)    Within 1 month after the change or occurrence, a partnership that holds a permit shall give to the Board written notice of:
(1)    a change in the name of the partnership;
(2)    the admission of any partner who practices or intends to practice certified public accountancy in the State;
(3)    the death of any partner who practiced certified public accountancy in the State; and
(4)    the withdrawal of any partner who practiced certified public accountancy in the State.
(b)    Within 1 month after the change or occurrence, a limited liability company that holds a permit shall give to the Board written notice of:
(1)    a change in the name of the limited liability company;
(2)    the admission of any member who practices or intends to practice certified public accountancy in the State;
(3)    the death of any member who practiced certified public accountancy in the State; and
(4)    the withdrawal of any member who practiced certified public accountancy in the State.
(c)    Within 1 month after the change or occurrence, a corporation that holds a permit shall give to the Board written notice of:
(1)    a change in the name of the corporation;
(2)    the death of any stockholder; and
(3)    a change in stockholders.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 4 - Permits › Section 2-410 - Denials, Reprimands, Suspensions, and Revocations -- Grounds; Permit Certificate; Penalty

(a)    Subject to the hearing provisions of § 2–412 of this subtitle, the Board, on the affirmative vote of a majority of its members, may deny a permit to any applicant, reprimand a permit holder, or suspend or revoke a permit:
(1)    for any applicable ground under § 2–315 of this title;
(2)    if the applicant or permit holder fraudulently or deceptively obtains or attempts to obtain a permit;
(3)    if the applicant or permit holder fraudulently or deceptively uses a permit;
(4)    if the applicant or permit holder fails to meet or continue to meet the qualifications or requirements set forth under § 2–402 or § 2–403 of this subtitle; or
(5)    if the applicant or permit holder has a partner, member, or corporate officer whose license has been suspended or revoked by the Board.
(b)    On suspension or revocation of a permit, the holder shall surrender to the Board the permit certificate of the holder.
(c)    At the end of a suspension period, the Board shall return to the permit holder the permit certificate surrendered under this section.
(d)    (1)    Instead of or in addition to reprimanding the permit holder or suspending or revoking a permit under this subsection, the Board may impose a penalty not exceeding $5,000 for each violation.
(2)    To determine the amount of the penalty imposed under this subsection, the Board shall consider:
(i)    the seriousness of the violation;
(ii)    the harm caused by the violation;
(iii)    the good faith of the permit holder; and
(iv)    any history of previous violations by the permit holder.
(e)    The Board shall pay any penalty collected under this subsection into the General Fund of the State.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 4 - Permits › Section 2-411 - Denials, Reprimands, Suspensions, and Revocations -- Commencement of Proceedings

On its own initiative or on a written complaint made to the Board by any person, the Board may commence proceedings under § 2-410 of this subtitle.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 4 - Permits › Section 2-412 - Denials, Reprimands, Suspensions, and Revocations -- Hearings

(a)    Except as otherwise provided in § 10-226 of the State Government Article, before the Board takes any final action under § 2-410 of this subtitle, it shall give the person against whom the action is contemplated an opportunity for a hearing before the Board.
(b)    The Board shall give notice and hold the hearing in accordance with Title 10, Subtitle 2 of the State Government Article.
(c)    The Board may administer oaths in connection with any proceeding under this section.
(d)    (1)    The Board may issue a subpoena for the attendance of a witness to testify or the production of evidence in connection with any proceeding under this section.
(2)    If a person fails to comply with a subpoena issued under this subsection, on petition of the Board, a circuit court may compel compliance with the subpoena.
(e)    If, after due notice, the person against whom the action is contemplated fails or refuses to appear, nevertheless the Board may hear and determine the matter.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 4 - Permits › Section 2-413 - Limitations on Expiration and Surrender of Permit

(a)    (1)    For the limited purpose set forth in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a permit shall remain in effect and may not expire by operation of law while the permit holder is under investigation by the Board or awaiting a hearing or disposition on charges subject to disciplinary action under this subtitle.
(2)    Any extension of a permit term caused under this subsection is effective only for the purpose of retaining the jurisdiction of the Board over the permit holder during the course of disciplinary proceedings and does not prevent the permit from expiring for any other purpose.
(b)    Unless the Board agrees to accept the surrender, a permit holder may not surrender a permit while the holder is under investigation or awaiting a hearing or disposition on charges subject to disciplinary action under this subtitle.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 4 - Permits › Section 2-414 - Reinstatement of Revoked or Suspended Permit

(a)    Subject to the provisions of this section, the Board may reinstate:
(1)    any permit that has been revoked; or
(2)    before fulfillment of the conditions of the suspension, any permit that has been suspended.
(b)    A permit may be reinstated under this section only if:
(1)    the partnership, limited liability company, or corporation whose permit has been revoked or suspended submits a written request to the Board;
(2)    the Board holds a hearing on the request;
(3)    the Board, by an affirmative vote of a majority of its members, votes to reinstate the permit; and
(4)    the partnership, limited liability company, or corporation pays to the Board a reinstatement fee set by the Board.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 4 - Permits › Section 2-416 - Reinstatement of Expired Firm Permit; Fee

In accordance with its regulations, the Board may reinstate the permit of a firm that has failed to renew the permit for any reason if the firm:
(1)    otherwise is entitled to a permit; and
(2)    pays to the Board a reinstatement fee set by the Board.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 4A - Peer Review › Section 2-4A-01 - Definitions

(a)    In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)    “Engagement review” means a peer review that evaluates whether there is a reasonable basis for expressing limited assurance that:
(1)    financial statements with which the individual or firm is associated conform in all material respects with professional standards; and
(2)    reports and internal documentation of the work performed by the individual or firm conform with professional standards.
(c)    “Fail” means, in connection with a report of a peer reviewer, one or more significant deficiencies in performing or reporting in conformity with professional standards in the individual or the firm being reviewed.
(d)    “Peer review” means a study, appraisal, or review of one or more aspects of the professional work of an individual or firm performed by a person licensed as a certified public accountant.
(e)    “Report indicating pass with deficiencies” means a report of a peer reviewer that indicates one or more deficiencies in performing or reporting in conformity with professional standards in the individual or firm being reviewed.
(f)    “Review” means the analysis of a financial statement that:
(1)    is performed in accordance with the Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants; and
(2)    provides a licensee with a reasonable basis for expressing limited assurance that there are no material modifications that should be made to the statement in order for it to be in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, or, if applicable, with any other comprehensive basis of accounting.
(g)    “System review” means a peer review evaluating whether there is reasonable assurance that:
(1)    the system of quality control of the individual or firm being reviewed is designed and operated in such a manner as to meet professional standards;
(2)    financial statements with which the licensee or firm is associated conform in all material respects with professional standards; and
(3)    reports and internal documentation of the work performed by the licensee or firm conform with professional standards.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 4A - Peer Review › Section 2-4A-02 - Peer Reviews Authorized for Providers of Certain Services

(a)    (1)    A licensee or permit holder who performs any of the services described in § 2-4A-04 of this subtitle shall be required to undergo, at least once every 3 years, a peer review.
(2)    The Board may modify the peer review requirement for a licensee or permit holder upon a showing of good cause.
(b)    A peer review shall be performed and recorded in accordance with standards no less stringent than those set forth in the standards for performing and reporting on peer reviews of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.
(c)    The Board must approve a peer review program other than the peer review program of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants prior to its use to satisfy the requirements of this section.
(d)    A licensee or permit holder shall affirm under the penalties of perjury on a standard form provided by the Board compliance with the peer review requirement at the time of license or permit renewal.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 4A - Peer Review › Section 2-4A-03 - Compliance With Three-Year Review Requirement Mandatory on Providing Certain Services

(a)    A licensee or permit holder who provides services requiring peer review on or after October 1, 2005, shall comply with the peer review requirement within 3 years after initiating those services.
(b)    A licensee or permit holder who provides services requiring a peer review and who submits a renewal application after October 1, 2008, shall affirm under the penalties of perjury on a standard form provided by the Board completion of the licensee or permit holder’s most recent peer review.
(c)    If the 3-year period in subsection (a) of this section has not expired prior to the date of the license or permit renewal, and the licensee or permit holder has had no peer review within the last 3 years, the licensee or permit holder must notify the Board in writing within 30 days of the date the peer review is completed.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 4A - Peer Review › Section 2-4A-04 - System, Engagement, and Report Reviews

(a)    A system review is required for a licensee or permit holder that performs any of the following services:
(1)    engagements governed by the Statements on Auditing Standards of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants; or
(2)    engagements governed by the government auditing standards issued by the U.S. Government Accountability Office;
(3)    examinations of prospective financial information under:
(i)    the Statements on Standards for Attestation Engagements of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants; or
(ii)    the government auditing standards issued by the U.S. Government Accountability Office; or
(4)    audits of issuers not registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission that are performed under standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.
(b)    An engagement review is required for a licensee or permit holder not required to have a system review that performs any of the following services:
(1)    review of historical financial statements in accordance with the Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants;
(2)    compilation of historical financial statements with disclosures performed under the Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants;
(3)    compilation of historical financial statements that omit substantially all disclosures performed under the Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants; or
(4)    engagements performed under the Statements on Standards for Attestation Engagements of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants other than the examination of prospective financial statements.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 4A - Peer Review › Section 2-4A-05 - Approval, Qualifications, and Duties of Peer Reviewers

(a)    Prior to conducting a peer review, an individual must be approved by the Board.
(b)    In order to receive approval from the Board, a peer reviewer shall:
(1)    have and maintain an active license as a certified public accountant in this or any other state;
(2)    possess a level of knowledge of applicable professional standards acceptable to the Board;
(3)    possess at least 5 years recent experience in the practice of public accounting;
(4)    have received a passing report on the most recent peer review of the prospective peer reviewer; and
(5)    complete an appropriate training course as determined by the Board.
(c)    In order to serve as a team captain of a system review, a peer reviewer must have and maintain ownership or management of a firm or comparable responsibility.
(d)    A peer reviewer shall have no connection to the licensee or permit holder being reviewed that might impair the peer reviewer’s independence.
(e)    A peer reviewer shall:
(1)    prepare a report of findings in accordance with the standards for performing and reporting on peer reviews of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants; and
(2)    maintain the report for a period of 3 years.
(f)    A peer reviewer shall provide a copy of the report to the Board only if the licensee or permit holder being reviewed has:
(1)    been directed to take corrective action and has failed to satisfy the peer reviewer that such action has been completed in a timely manner;
(2)    received a second consecutive report indicating pass with deficiencies; or
(3)    received a failing report.
(g)    A peer reviewer shall comply with all Board regulations and directives regarding the peer review process.
(h)    The Board may revoke its approval of a peer reviewer under this section if the peer reviewer:
(1)    violates any provision of this title;
(2)    violates any regulation adopted by the Board; or
(3)    is sanctioned by any state board of accountancy or any unit of State or federal government.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 4A - Peer Review › Section 2-4A-06 - Disciplinary or Corrective Actions

(a)    Upon the receipt of a report from a peer reviewer, the Board shall review the report to determine what disciplinary or corrective action is appropriate.
(b)    The Board may require a licensee or permit holder to:
(1)    undergo peer review more frequently than once every 3 years; and
(2)    complete additional continuing professional education courses.
(c)    Prior to taking any final action under subsection (b) of this section, the Board shall give the licensee or permit holder against whom the action is contemplated an opportunity for a hearing before the Board.
(d)    If the peer review report reveals evidence that the licensee or permit holder has engaged in conduct that is prohibited under § 2-315 or § 2-410 of this title, the Board may file formal charges against the licensee or permit holder.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions › Section 2-501 - Registration of Offices

(a)    (1)    The Board may adopt regulations to:
(i)    require that each office maintained in the State for the practice of accounting by an individual accountant or partnership or corporate permit holder be registered every 2 years with the Board by the individual, partnership, or corporation; and
(ii)    set the procedure to carry out the registration.
(2)    The Board may not charge a fee for any registration required under this section.
(b)    If a licensee or a permit holder fails to register any office as required by a regulation adopted under subsection (a) of this section, the license or permit shall:
(1)    be suspended automatically; and
(2)    remain suspended until the licensee or permit holder complies with the registration requirements adopted under this section.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions › Section 2-502 - Ownership of Documents

(a)    In this section, “accountant’s document”:
(1)    means any of the following documents, if the document is prepared by an accountant in the course of professional service provided to a client:
(i)    a memorandum;
(ii)    a record;
(iii)    a schedule;
(iv)    a statement; or
(v)    a working paper; and
(2)    does not include any document provided by the client to the accountant.
(b)    Unless the client to whom an accountant’s document relates and the accountant expressly agree to the contrary, the accountant’s document is:
(1)    the property of the accountant who prepared it; or
(2)    if the accountant is a partner or employee of an accounting firm, the property of the firm.
(c)    Unless the client or a personal representative or assignee of the client consents, an accountant who holds an accountant’s document that relates to a client may not give, sell, or otherwise transfer the accountant’s document to anyone other than a partner of the accountant.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 6 - Prohibited Acts; Penalties › Section 2-601 - Practicing Without License

Except as otherwise provided in this title, a person may not practice, attempt to practice, or offer to practice certified public accountancy in the State unless licensed by the Board or qualified for a practice privilege under § 2–321 of this title.
2023 Maryland Statutes › Business Occupations and Professions › Title 2 - Accountants › Subtitle 6 - Prohibited Acts; Penalties › Section 2-602 - Providing Services Without Permit

Except for a licensed certified public accountant or an individual practicing under a practice privilege under § 2–321 of this title who operates a business as a sole practitioner, a person may not operate a business through which certified public accountancy is practiced, unless:
(1)    the business is a partnership, limited liability company, or corporation; and
(2)    except as otherwise provided under § 2–401 of this title, the partnership, limited liability company, or corporation holds a permit issued by the Board.