reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 99 of 1954 - International Bridge Authority (254.221 - 254.240) › Section 254.234 - Vehicular Traffic Facilities; Covenant With Bondholders; Limitations.

254.234 Vehicular traffic facilities; covenant with bondholders; limitations.
Sec. 14.
The state of Michigan covenants and agrees with the holders of the bonds issued under the provisions of this act that it will not construct or operate, or permit the construction or operation of, any bridge, tunnel or ferry service for vehicular traffic between the upper peninsula of Michigan and the province of Ontario, Canada, within 10 miles of the project: Provided, however, That nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent the operation of the existing ferry service. Upon completing the construction of the project and opening the same to traffic the authority shall sell or otherwise dispose of all ferries and other property then owned by the authority and belonging to the ferry system, except any such properties as the authority may deem desirable to retain in connection with the operation of the project, and the proceeds of such sale or other disposition shall be applied to the payment of any remaining items of cost of the project or shall be deposited to the credit of the sinking fund for the bonds issued for such project.
History:
1954, Act 99, Imd. Eff. Apr. 12, 1954 ;-- Am. 1955, Act 181, Eff. Oct. 14, 1955
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 99 of 1954 - International Bridge Authority (254.221 - 254.240) › Section 254.235 - Authorization for Action; Project Maintenance and Operation, Report to Governor, Failure to Pay Tolls, Surveying.

254.235 Authorization for action; project maintenance and operation, report to governor, failure to pay tolls, surveying.
Sec. 15.
Any action taken by the authority under the provisions of this act may be authorized by resolution at any regular or special meeting, and each such resolution shall take effect immediately and need not be published or posted.
The project, when constructed and opened to traffic, shall be maintained and kept in good condition and repair by the authority. The project shall be operated by such force of toll-takers and other operating employees as the authority may in its discretion employ and shall be policed in such manner as the authority may determine.
All private property damaged or destroyed in carrying out the powers granted by this act shall be restored or repaired and placed in its original condition as nearly as practicable or adequate compensation made thereof out of funds provided under the authority of this act.
Within the first 90 days of each fiscal year of the authority, the authority shall make an annual report to the governor of its activities for the preceding fiscal year. Each such report shall set forth a complete operating and financial statement covering its operation during the year. The authority shall cause an audit of its books and accounts to be made at least once in each year by certified public accountants and the cost thereof may be treated as a part of the cost of construction or operation.
Any person who uses the project and fails or refuses to pay the toll provided therefor shall be punished by a fine of not more than $100.00 or by imprisonment for not more than 30 days, or both, and in addition thereto the authority shall have a lien upon the vehicle driven by such person for the amount of such toll and may take and retain possession thereof until the amount of such toll and all charges in connection therewith shall have been paid.
The authority and its authorized agents and employees may enter upon any lands, waters and premises in the state for the purpose of making surveys, soundings, drillings and examinations as they may deem necessary or convenient for the purpose of this act, and such entry shall not be deemed a trespass, nor shall an entry for such purposes be deemed an entry under any condemnation proceedings which may be then pending. The authority shall make reimbursement for any actual damage resulting to such lands, waters and premises as a result of such activities. The state hereby consents to the use of all lands owned by it, including lands lying under water, which are deemed by the authority to be necessary for the construction or operation of the project.
Each member of the authority shall be reimbursed for his actual expenses necessarily incurred in the performance of his duties.
History:
1954, Act 99, Imd. Eff. Apr. 12, 1954
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 99 of 1954 - International Bridge Authority (254.221 - 254.240) › Section 254.236 - Bonds; Final Payment; Disposition of Property; Dissolution of Authority; Assumption of Powers and Responsibilities; Use of Property and Funds; Surveys and Studies; Availability of Data.

254.236 Bonds; final payment; disposition of property; dissolution of authority; assumption of powers and responsibilities; use of property and funds; surveys and studies; availability of data.
Sec. 16.
(1) When all bonds issued under this act in connection with the project and the interest on those bonds is paid or a sufficient amount for the payment of the bonds and the interest on the bonds to their maturity is set aside in trust for the benefit of the bondholders, that portion of the project in Michigan, if then in good condition and repair, shall be conveyed by the authority to the state transportation department and that portion of the project in Canada shall be disposed of as directed by the proper authorities in Canada. Thereupon, the authority shall be dissolved and all funds of the authority not required for the payment of the bonds and the interest thereon shall be paid to the state transportation department and all machinery, equipment, and other property belonging to the authority shall be delivered to the state transportation department which shall assume all of the powers and responsibilities of the authority under this act and shall use that property and funds for the project.
(2) The authority is hereby authorized and directed to make surveys and studies of the project as may be necessary to effect the financing authorized by this act at the earliest practicable time, and for this purpose to employ consulting engineers, traffic engineers, legal and financial experts, and other employees and agents as it considers necessary. To effect the purpose of this act, the state transportation department shall make available to the authority all data in its possession which may be useful to the authority in making such surveys and studies.
History:
1954, Act 99, Imd. Eff. Apr. 12, 1954 ;-- Am. 1955, Act 181, Eff. Oct. 14, 1955 ;-- Am. 1958, Act 185, Eff. Sept. 13, 1958 ;-- Am. 2000, Act 243, Imd. Eff. June 29, 2000
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 99 of 1954 - International Bridge Authority (254.221 - 254.240) › Section 254.237 - Powers; Supplemental and Additional.

254.237 Powers; supplemental and additional.
Sec. 17.
The foregoing sections of this act shall be deemed to provide an additional and alternative method for the doing of the things authorized thereby, and shall be regarded as supplemental and additional to powers conferred by other laws: Provided, however, That the issuance of revenue bonds or revenue refunding bonds under the provisions of this act need not comply with the requirements of any other law applicable to the issuance of bonds.
Except as otherwise expressly provided in this act, none of the powers granted to the authority under the provisions of this act shall be subject to the supervision or regulation or require the approval or consent of any municipality or political subdivision or any commission, board, bureau, official or agency thereof or of the state.
History:
1954, Act 99, Imd. Eff. Apr. 12, 1954
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 99 of 1954 - International Bridge Authority (254.221 - 254.240) › Section 254.238 - Construction of Act.

254.238 Construction of act.
Sec. 18.
This act, being necessary for the welfare of the state and its inhabitants, shall be liberally construed to effect the purposes thereof.
History:
1954, Act 99, Imd. Eff. Apr. 12, 1954
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 99 of 1954 - International Bridge Authority (254.221 - 254.240) › Section 254.239 - Repealed. 2000, Act No. 243, Imd. Eff. June 29, 2000.

254.239 Repealed. 2000, Act No. 243, Imd. Eff. June 29, 2000.
Compiler's Notes:
The repealed section pertained to appointment and terms of current members of international bridge authority.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 99 of 1954 - International Bridge Authority (254.221 - 254.240) › Section 254.240 - Repeal.

254.240 Repeal.
Sec. 20.
The provisions of Act No. 237 of the Public Acts of 1935, as amended, being sections 254.201 to 254.216, inclusive, of the Compiled Laws of 1948, except for the provisions of section 2 thereof, are hereby repealed. All other general or special laws, or parts thereof, inconsistent herewith are hereby declared to be inapplicable to the provisions of this act.
History:
1954, Act 99, Imd. Eff. Apr. 12, 1954
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 21 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.301 - 254.304) › Section 254.301 - Mackinac Bridge Authority, Definitions.

254.301 Mackinac bridge authority, definitions.
Sec. 1.
As used in this act the following words and terms shall have the following meanings:
(a) The word “authority” shall mean the Mackinac bridge authority herein created.
(b) The word “board” shall refer to the members of the authority.
(c) The word “bridge” shall mean the project for the acquisition of which this act is adopted and shall mean a bridge or structure extending from the upper peninsula to the lower peninsula of Michigan, and shall be understood to include all of the following forming any part thereof or connected with or used or useful in the operation thereof: causeways, bridges, tunnels, roads, fills and approaches, or any combination thereof, parking space and facilities, park and recreation facilities, lighting facilities, terminal facilities, consisting of areas, structures and buildings in which rest rooms, waiting rooms, restaurant and similar facilities and other accommodations for the traveling public may be installed, including all fixtures, utility lines, accessories and equipment relating to any or all of the above, and including the improvement and beautification of such terminal areas at each end of the structure as may be designed to increase the use thereof, and including in all of the foregoing all real and personal property, tangible or intangible, licenses, franchises, easements and rights-of-way necessary thereto.
(d) The term “cost of the bridge” shall include all expenditures made in connection with the acquisition and construction thereof, financing charges, interest to accrue on the bonds during the period occupied by the construction of the bridge and for such period thereafter as may be determined by the board, with the approval of the state administrative board, cost of engineering and legal expenses, plans, specifications and surveys, other expenses necessary or incidental to determining the feasibility of the project, the cost of all land, property, rights, easements and franchises, reimbursement of all money which may have been heretofore or may hereafter be paid or advanced by the state of Michigan or any of its agencies, departments or subdivisions for any of the foregoing, and all other expenses properly incident to the acquisition of the bridge and the issuance of the bonds.
(e) The words “the state” shall mean the state of Michigan.
History:
1950, Ex. Sess., Act 21, Imd. Eff. June 6, 1950
Compiler's Notes:
The Mackinac bridge authority, referred to in this act, was transferred to the department of transportation by MCL 16.457.
Popular Name:
Mackinac Bridge Authority Act
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 21 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.301 - 254.304) › Section 254.301a - Self-Insurance of Bridge Assets and Activities; Agreement; Self-Insurance Reserve Account; Payments; Litigation.

254.301a Self-insurance of bridge assets and activities; agreement; self-insurance reserve account; payments; litigation.
Sec. 1a.
(1) The authority may enter into an agreement with the state transportation department to provide for the self-insurance of bridge assets and activities. The agreement shall set forth the terms and conditions of the self-insurance consistent with this section.
(2) The agreement may provide that, to the extent that claims would otherwise have been paid under an insurance policy carried by the authority, the claims shall be paid from a self-insurance reserve account to be established and maintained by the authority. If there are insufficient funds in the account to pay a claim, the balance of the claim shall be paid by the state transportation department from funds constitutionally restricted to transportation purposes by section 9 of article IX of the state constitution of 1963.
(3) The self-insurance reserve account shall be funded by annual payments by the authority of at least $200,000.00 until the total of the account equals at least $1,000,000.00, as the authority and the state transportation department may agree. Once the account is fully funded, the authority may cease payments to the account except to the extent that the payments again become necessary to restore a balance of $1,000,000.00 after the payment of claims from the account.
(4) In any lawsuit filed against the authority for damages that are covered by the self-insurance agreement, the state transportation department shall defend the authority and control the course and disposition of the litigation as if the claim were against the state transportation department. The state transportation department shall advise the authority of pending litigation and consult with the authority regarding the potential disposition of the matter. The state transportation department's cost of the litigation and any settlement or judgment shall be paid as a claim from the self-insurance reserve account or state transportation department funds as provided in this section and the agreement.
History:
Add. 2009, Act 71, Imd. Eff. July 9, 2009
Popular Name:
Mackinac Bridge Authority Act
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 21 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.301 - 254.304) › Section 254.303, 254.304 - Repealed. 2005, Act 332, Imd. Eff. Dec. 28, 2005.

254.303, 254.304 Repealed. 2005, Act 332, Imd. Eff. Dec. 28, 2005.
Compiler's Notes:
The repealed sections pertained to expenses of board members, power of board members to investigate, and allocation of funds, and the qualifications of employees and submission of legislative reports.
Popular Name:
Mackinac Bridge Authority Act
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 214 of 1952 - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.311 - 254.332) › Section 254.311 - Mackinac Bridge Authority; Definitions; Scope of Act.

254.311 Mackinac bridge authority; definitions; scope of act.
Sec. 1.
As used in this act:
(a) "Authority" means the Mackinac bridge authority created in 1950 (Ex Sess) PA 21, MCL 254.301 to 254.302. This subdivision does not apply to sections 14a, 14b, 14d, and 14e.
(b) "Board" means the members of the authority. This subdivision does not apply to section 14b.
(c) "Bridge" means the project for the acquisition of which this act is adopted and means a bridge or structure extending from the Upper Peninsula to the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, and includes all of the following forming any part of the bridge or connected with or used or useful in the operation of the bridge, causeways, bridges, tunnels, roads, fills and approaches, or any combination thereof, parking space and facilities, park and recreation facilities, lighting facilities, terminal facilities consisting of areas, structures, and buildings in which rest rooms, waiting rooms, restaurant and similar facilities, and other accommodations for the traveling public may be installed, including all fixtures, utility lines, accessories, and equipment relating to any or all of the above, and including the improvement and beautification of terminal areas at each end of the structure as may be designed to increase the use of the structure, and including all real and personal property, tangible or intangible, licenses, franchises, easements, and rights-of-way necessary thereto.
(d) "Cost of the bridge" includes all expenditures made in connection with the acquisition and construction of the bridge, financing charges, interest to accrue on the bonds during the period occupied by the construction of the bridge and for a period after construction of the bridge as determined by the board, the aggregate of such periods, however, not to exceed 7 years, cost of engineering and legal expenses, plans, specifications and surveys, other expenses necessary or incidental to determining the feasibility of the project, the cost of all land, property, rights, easements and franchises, reimbursement of all money that may have been or will be paid or advanced by the state of Michigan or any of its agencies, departments, or subdivisions, and all other expenses properly incident to the acquisition of the bridge and the issuance of the bonds.
(e) "The state" means the state of Michigan.
(f) "The bonds" means all bonds authorized to be issued by this act.
(g) "To construct" means to acquire through construction, purchase, gift, condemnation, or any combination thereof.
History:
1952, Act 214, Imd. Eff. Apr. 30, 1952 ;-- Am. 2018, Act 359, Imd. Eff. Dec. 12, 2018
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 214 of 1952 - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.311 - 254.332) › Section 254.312 - Mackinac Bridge Authority; Corporate Existence, Terms.

254.312 Mackinac bridge authority; corporate existence, terms.
Sec. 2.
The corporate existence of the authority shall continue until all of its liabilities have been met and the bonds, including refunding bonds, have been paid in full or otherwise discharged and when all such liabilities and bonds have been discharged in full, all rights and properties of the authority shall pass to and be vested in the state.
History:
1952, Act 214, Imd. Eff. Apr. 30, 1952
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 214 of 1952 - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.311 - 254.332) › Section 254.313 - Repealed. 2005, Act 331, Imd. Eff. Dec. 28, 2005.

254.313 Repealed. 2005, Act 331, Imd. Eff. Dec. 28, 2005.
Compiler's Notes:
The repealed section pertained to power of the authority to conduct preliminary examinations and provisions relating to appropriations.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 214 of 1952 - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.311 - 254.332) › Section 254.314 - Mackinac Bridge Authority; Bridge Construction, Bond Proceeds; Property Acquisition and Condemnation, Surveys, Easements.

254.314 Mackinac bridge authority; bridge construction, bond proceeds; property acquisition and condemnation, surveys, easements.
Sec. 4.
The authority is hereby authorized and empowered to construct a suitable bridge (as “construct” and “bridge” are above defined) joining and linking together the upper peninsula and the lower peninsula of Michigan and to operate, maintain, improve and repair such bridge. The cost of such construction of the bridge shall be paid from the proceeds of bonds issued hereunder and from any other funds legally available for the payment of such cost: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to permit the authority to incur obligations which would constitute an indebtedness of the state within the meaning of any constitutional prohibition or limitation.
In connection with the construction of the bridge the authority is hereby empowered to purchase or otherwise acquire all property and rights necessary thereto, including but not limited to roads, structures, rights-of-way, franchises, easements and other interests in lands, including lands under water, and the riparian rights of any person, natural or corporate, political entity or political subdivision, and including the right to cut off light, air and access to real property, upon such terms and at such prices as may be fair and reasonable. Whenever it shall become necessary, any such property may be condemned and the authority is hereby empowered in its discretion to condemn any property or interest therein which it may deem necessary for such purpose. In the condemnation of property or interest therein, the authority may proceed under any act applicable thereto, or it may invoke and proceed under the provisions of Act No. 149 of the Public Acts of 1911, as now or hereafter amended, and in so doing shall have all the rights, powers and privileges granted to “public corporations” as defined in that act. The authority may enter on any lands, waters and premises for the purpose of making surveys, soundings and examinations. The state of Michigan hereby expressly grants to the authority, without consideration, the right to use, and full easements and rights-of-way through, across, under and over any lands or property owned by the state or in which the state has any right, title or interest, which may be necessary or convenient to the construction and efficient operation of the bridge.
History:
1952, Act 214, Imd. Eff. Apr. 30, 1952
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 214 of 1952 - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.311 - 254.332) › Section 254.318 - Mackinac Bridge Authority; Grants or Donations.

254.318 Mackinac bridge authority; grants or donations.
Sec. 8.
The authority may accept from the United States of America and any department, agency or instrumentality thereof, and from the state of Michigan and any department, agency or instrumentality thereof, grants for or in aid of the construction of the bridge and may enter into any lawful contracts or agreements necessary to obtain such grants. Such grants may consist of money, real or personal property or other things of value. The authority may also accept grants or donations from municipal corporations, counties or other political subdivisions of the state of Michigan and from any other source. The state highway department is hereby authorized and instructed to cooperate to the fullest extent possible with the authority in the construction of the bridge and in the securing of all grants and aids thereto which may be available for such purpose.
History:
1952, Act 214, Imd. Eff. Apr. 30, 1952
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 214 of 1952 - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.311 - 254.332) › Section 254.319 - Unauthorized Indebtedness to State.

254.319 Unauthorized indebtedness to state.
Sec. 9.
Nothing in this act shall be so construed or interpreted as to authorize or permit the incurring of indebtedness of the state of Michigan contrary to the provisions of the constitution of the state.
History:
1952, Act 214, Imd. Eff. Apr. 30, 1952
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 214 of 1952 - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.311 - 254.332) › Section 254.320 - Scope of Act.

254.320 Scope of act.
Sec. 10.
This act shall be deemed to provide an additional and alternative method for the doing of the things herein authorized and shall be regarded as supplemental and additional to powers conferred by other laws.
History:
1952, Act 214, Imd. Eff. Apr. 30, 1952
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 214 of 1952 - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.311 - 254.332) › Section 254.321 - Board and State Highway Department; Authority.

254.321 Board and state highway department; authority.
Sec. 11.
All things herein authorized to be done by the authority and the board and by the state highway department may be done without the securing of approval or consent from any other board, department, agency or officer, except as herein otherwise provided, and no proceedings therefor shall be required or be necessary other than the adoption of appropriate resolutions.
History:
1952, Act 214, Imd. Eff. Apr. 30, 1952
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 214 of 1952 - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.311 - 254.332) › Section 254.322 - Use of Bridge; Payment of Tolls; Authorized Emergency Vehicles; Violation as Misdemeanor; Penalty.

254.322 Use of bridge; payment of tolls; authorized emergency vehicles; violation as misdemeanor; penalty.
Sec. 12.
Except as provided in this section, all individuals or vehicles using the bridge shall pay tolls and charges established by the authority. The authority shall not charge tolls or charges to its own personnel or vehicles while the personnel are on duty or while the vehicles are being used for authority business. Beginning October 1, 2003, the authority shall not charge tolls or charges to authorized emergency vehicles that are in the process of responding to an emergency. As used in this section, “authorized emergency vehicles” means that term as defined in section 2 of the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257.2. Beginning November 1, 2004, a violation of this section by failure to pay toll is a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment for not more than 30 days or a fine of not more than $500.00, or both.
History:
1952, Act 214, Imd. Eff. Apr. 30, 1952 ;-- Am. 2003, Act 176, Imd. Eff. Aug. 25, 2003 ;-- Am. 2004, Act 336, Imd. Eff. Sept. 23, 2004
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 214 of 1952 - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.311 - 254.332) › Section 254.323 - Federal Government Approvals.

254.323 Federal government approvals.
Sec. 13.
The authority is authorized to do all things and perform all acts necessary to secure the consent, if necessary, of the United States government, to the construction and operation of the bridge and charging of tolls for its use, and to secure the approval of any department, agency, instrumentality or officer of the United States government required by law to approve the plans, specifications and location of the bridge, or the tolls to be charged for the use thereof.
History:
1952, Act 214, Imd. Eff. Apr. 30, 1952
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 214 of 1952 - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.311 - 254.332) › Section 254.324 - Mackinac Straits Corridor Authority; Definitions.

254.324 Mackinac Straits corridor authority; definitions.
Sec. 14.
As used in this section and sections 14a to 14e:
(a) "Corridor authority board" means the board of directors of the Mackinac Straits corridor authority appointed under section 14b.
(b) "Mackinac Straits corridor authority" means the Mackinac Straits corridor authority created in section 14b.
(c) "Straits protection fund" means the fund created in section 14c.
(d) "Tunnel agreement" means an agreement or series of agreements described in section 14d.
(e) "Utility tunnel" means a tunnel joining and connecting the Upper and Lower Peninsulas of this state at the Straits of Mackinac for the purpose of accommodating utility infrastructure, including, but not limited to, pipelines, electric transmission lines, facilities for the transmission of data and telecommunications, all useful and related facilities, equipment, and structures, and all necessary tangible or intangible real and personal property, licenses, franchises, easements, and rights-of-way.
History:
Add. 2018, Act 359, Imd. Eff. Dec. 12, 2018
Compiler's Notes:
Former MCL 254.324, which pertained to engineering services, was repealed by Act 331 of 2005, Imd. Eff. Dec. 28, 2005.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 214 of 1952 - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.311 - 254.332) › Section 254.324c - Straits Protection Fund.

254.324c Straits protection fund.
Sec. 14c.
(1) The straits protection fund is created within the state treasury.
(2) The state treasurer may receive money or other assets from any source for deposit into the straits protection fund. The state treasurer shall direct the investment of the straits protection fund. The state treasurer shall credit to the straits protection fund interest and earnings from fund investments.
(3) Money in the straits protection fund at the close of the fiscal year shall remain in the straits protection fund and shall not lapse to the general fund.
(4) The state transportation department shall be the administrator of the fund for auditing purposes.
History:
Add. 2018, Act 359, Imd. Eff. Dec. 12, 2018
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 214 of 1952 - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.311 - 254.332) › Section 254.324e - Funding From Any Source Other Than Straits Protection Fund; Agreement to Accept Liability of Utility Equipment by User of Utility Tunnel; Prohibited.

254.324e Funding from any source other than straits protection fund; agreement to accept liability of utility equipment by user of utility tunnel; prohibited.
Sec. 14e.
(1) Neither the Mackinac bridge authority nor the Mackinac Straits corridor authority may pay or obligate any money or assets related to the utility tunnel except money that is deposited into the straits protection fund or any escrow or reserve fund created under the tunnel agreement. This state, a state official, a state-related entity, the Mackinac bridge authority or an agent of the Mackinac bridge authority, the Mackinac Straits corridor authority or an agent of the Mackinac Straits corridor authority, or any other legal, financial, or other expert providing advice to the Mackinac bridge authority or the Mackinac Straits corridor authority shall not enter into an agreement for the payment of money from any source other than the straits protection fund or any escrow or reserve fund created under the tunnel agreement. This subsection does not restrict the right of the Mackinac bridge authority or the Mackinac Straits corridor authority to utilize any property rights granted to the Mackinac bridge authority or the Mackinac Straits corridor authority by this state or a private property owner.
(2) This state, a state official, a state-related entity, the Mackinac bridge authority or an agent of the Mackinac bridge authority, the Mackinac Straits corridor authority or an agent of the Mackinac Straits corridor authority, or any other legal, financial, or other expert providing advice to the Mackinac bridge authority or the Mackinac Straits corridor authority shall not enter into an agreement to accept any liability for or resulting from the installation, maintenance, operation, or decommissioning of any utility equipment owned by the user of a utility tunnel, including, but not limited to, a pipeline, electrical transmission line, or broadband cable within the utility tunnel.
History:
Add. 2018, Act 359, Imd. Eff. Dec. 12, 2018
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 214 of 1952 - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.311 - 254.332) › Section 254.325 - Construction of Act.

254.325 Construction of act.
Sec. 15.
This act being deemed necessary to the public health, welfare, convenience and prosperity, it shall be liberally construed to effect the intents and purposes hereof.
History:
1952, Act 214, Imd. Eff. Apr. 30, 1952
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 214 of 1952 - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.311 - 254.332) › Section 254.326 - Contracts, Books, Maps; Delivery to Authority.

254.326 Contracts, books, maps; delivery to authority.
Sec. 16.
The state highway department shall transfer and deliver to the authority all contracts, books, maps, plans, papers and records or certified copies thereof, pertaining to the subjects and matters relating to the designing and construction of the bridge, and particularly all such records, maps and papers which may have been turned over to the state highway department under Act No. 300 of the Public Acts of 1947.
History:
1952, Act 214, Imd. Eff. Apr. 30, 1952
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 214 of 1952 - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.311 - 254.332) › Section 254.327 - Declared Public Purpose; Tax Exemption.

254.327 Declared public purpose; tax exemption.
Sec. 17.
It is hereby found, determined and declared that the creation of the authority and the carrying out of its corporate purposes are in all respects for the benefit of the people of the state and constitute a public purpose, and that the bridge is an essential part of the public highway system of the state and that the authority will be performing an essential governmental function in the exercise of the powers herein conferred upon it. Therefore, all property owned by the authority hereunder shall be exempt from all taxes levied by the state of Michigan and all of its political subdivisions and taxing districts, and the authority shall be required to pay no taxes or assessments upon its activities or upon any of its revenues. If at any time hereafter any taxes of any nature shall be legally imposed on any properties of the authority or the obligations thereof, and such taxes shall be determined to be valid and effective, they shall be paid from the revenues of the authority as 1 of the expenses of maintaining and operating the bridge.
History:
1952, Act 214, Imd. Eff. Apr. 30, 1952
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 214 of 1952 - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.311 - 254.332) › Section 254.328 - Authority's Rights Not Limited or Altered; Competitive Vehicular Traffic Services.

254.328 Authority's rights not limited or altered; competitive vehicular traffic services.
Sec. 18.
The state of Michigan hereby pledges to and agrees with the holders of the bonds that the state will not limit or alter the rights hereby vested in the authority to construct, maintain and operate the bridge and to establish and collect such charges and tolls as may be convenient or necessary to produce sufficient revenues to meet the expenses of maintenance and operation and to fulfill the terms of any agreements made with the holders of the bonds or in any way impair the rights and remedies of the bondholders until the bonds and interest thereon and all costs and expenses in connection with any action or proceedings by and in behalf of the bondholders shall have been fully met and discharged.
The state of Michigan further covenants and agrees with the holders of the bonds that it will not construct or operate any tunnel, bridge or ferry service which will be competitive with the bridge herein authorized, and so far as legally possible it will prohibit the construction or operation of any other tunnel, bridge or ferry service which will afford facilities for vehicular traffic to cross the straits of Mackinac: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent the operation of ferries by the state highway department between the upper and lower peninsulas until such time as the bridge shall have been placed in operation.
History:
1952, Act 214, Imd. Eff. Apr. 30, 1952
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 214 of 1952 - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.311 - 254.332) › Section 254.329 - Bondholders' Rights; Enforcement Actions.

254.329 Bondholders' rights; enforcement actions.
Sec. 19.
Any holder or holders of bonds, including a trustee or trustees for such holders, shall have the right in addition to all other remedies to bring suit by mandamus or other action in any court of competent jurisdiction against the authority and its officers and employees and against officers and employees of the state to enforce his or their rights under the proceedings authorizing the bonds and to enforce all agreements and covenants contained in the bond resolution or trust indenture. The right to bring such action may be limited by the terms of the bond resolution or trust indenture to any percentage of bondholders which may be therein fixed. Such action may be in equity to require the authority to act as if it were the trustee of an express trust for the holders of such bonds, may be a request for injunction or mandamus or may request, and the bondholders shall be entitled as of right to, the appointment of a receiver for the bridge, and such receiver may enter and take possession thereof and of all moneys and other property of the authority and may proceed with the construction of the bridge, if it shall not have been completed, and may operate and maintain the bridge and collect and receive all tolls and other revenues thereafter arising therefrom, subject to any pledge thereof or agreement with bondholders relating thereto, and may perform the public duties and carry out the agreements and obligations of the authority, all in such manner as the court may direct.
History:
1952, Act 214, Imd. Eff. Apr. 30, 1952
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 214 of 1952 - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.311 - 254.332) › Section 254.330 - Operation of Ferries.

254.330 Operation of ferries.
Sec. 20.
The authority may, if it sees fit, at any time, when for any reason the bridge may be out of service, acquire through purchase, lease or otherwise and operate 1 or more ferries for the purpose of conveying passengers and freight between the upper and lower peninsulas, in which event the cost thereof may be paid from the revenues of the authority, including, unless prohibited by the terms of the proceedings authorizing the bonds, the proceeds of the sale of bonds hereunder, and all revenues derived from the operation of such ferries shall be regarded and treated as revenues of the bridge for all purposes of this act.
History:
1952, Act 214, Imd. Eff. Apr. 30, 1952
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 214 of 1952 - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.311 - 254.332) › Section 254.331 - Inconsistent Acts.

254.331 Inconsistent acts.
Sec. 21.
Insofar as the provisions of this act may be inconsistent with the provisions of any other act, general or special, the provisions of this act shall be controlling.
History:
1952, Act 214, Imd. Eff. Apr. 30, 1952
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 214 of 1952 - Mackinac Bridge Authority (254.311 - 254.332) › Section 254.332 - Expenditure of Funds for Construction of State Police Post; Lease Agreement; Payments; Expiration or Termination of Lease; Use.

254.332 Expenditure of funds for construction of state police post; lease agreement; payments; expiration or termination of lease; use.
Sec. 22.
(1) The authority may expend not more than $995,000.00 from funds under its jurisdiction to construct a building and lease it to the department of state police for use as a regional state police post. The building shall be located on authority owned property adjacent to the north terminal of the bridge.
(2) The authority shall not construct a building pursuant to this section until the authority and the department of state police enter into a lease agreement that contains all of the following terms:
(a) A provision that the building be used for a regional state police post.
(b) A provision that the initial term of the lease shall be 10 years, with renewals as agreed to by the authority and department of state police.
(c) A provision that the lease amount be equivalent to the fair market lease value of the leased building. However, the lease may provide for a reduction in the lease amount equivalent to the reasonable cost incurred by the department of state police in providing a certain level of law enforcement services incident to the operation of the bridge.
(d) Except as otherwise agreed by the authority and department of state police, a requirement that the department of state police pay the costs of maintaining the building in reasonable repair.
(e) Any other terms that may be agreed to by the authority and the department of state police regarding the use of the building.
(3) Lease payments that are received by the authority under a lease agreement entered into pursuant to subsection (2) shall be regarded and treated as revenues of the bridge for all purposes under this act.
(4) Upon the expiration or termination of a lease agreement entered into pursuant to subsection (2), the authority may use the building for any reasonable purpose in carrying out its duties under this act.
History:
Add. 1992, Act 120, Imd. Eff. June 26, 1992
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Repealed - Act 57 of 1962 - Bridge Over Missaukee Lake (254.351 - 254.352)

BRIDGE OVER MISSAUKEE LAKE
Act 57 of 1962
254.351,254.352 Repealed. 2000, Act 132, Imd. Eff. June 1, 2000.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 13 of 1966 - Refunding Bonds of Mackinac Bridge Authority; Transfer of Authority to State Highway Department (254.361 - 254.372) › Section 254.361 - Refunding Bonds; Issuance, Purpose.

254.361 Refunding bonds; issuance, purpose.
Sec. 1.
The state may borrow money and issue its refunding bonds for the purpose of refunding the following outstanding bonds issued by the Mackinac bridge authority, and agency and instrumentality of this state created by Act No. 21 of the Public Acts of the Extra Session of 1950, being sections 254.301 to 254.304 of the Compiled Laws of 1948, pursuant to Act No. 214 of the Public Acts of 1952, as amended, being sections 254.311 to 254.331 of the Compiled Laws of 1948, and a certain indenture between the Mackinac bridge authority and the Detroit trust company, dated July 1, 1953:
(a) Bridge revenue bonds, series A (Mackinac straits bridge), dated July 1, 1953, in the principal sum of $79,800,000.00;
(b) Bridge revenue bonds, series B (Mackinac straits bridge), dated July 1, 1953, in the principal sum of $20,000,000.00.
History:
1966, Act 13, Imd. Eff. Apr. 6, 1966 ;-- Am. 1967, Act 112, Imd. Eff. June 27, 1967
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 13 of 1966 - Refunding Bonds of Mackinac Bridge Authority; Transfer of Authority to State Highway Department (254.361 - 254.372) › Section 254.362 - Refunding Bonds; Amount; Application of Funds, Pledge of State Credit, Appropriation.

254.362 Refunding bonds; amount; application of funds, pledge of state credit, appropriation.
Sec. 2.
The refunding bonds shall be issued in an amount sufficient to pay the costs of refunding of said outstanding bonds, which costs of refunding shall be deemed to include (a) the principal amount of the bonds to be refunded, (b) the amount of premium required to be paid for the redemption of the bonds to be refunded, (c) a reserve fund to be used for operation and maintenance costs of the bridge or for payment of interest or principal on the refunding bonds, which reserve fund shall be in a total amount not exceeding $1,000,000.00, and (d) costs and other expenses of refunding in an amount not exceeding 1/8 of 1% of the principal amount of bonds to be refunded. Money of the Mackinac bridge authority on hand in any of the funds provided in the existing trust indenture at the time of refunding shall be used and applied as follows: first, an amount sufficient to pay the interest due on the outstanding bonds to be refunded on the redemption date fixed therefor shall be deposited with the paying agent for the outstanding bonds, and second the balance shall be applied to reduce the amount of refunding for which the refunding bonds authorized by this act are to be issued. The full faith and credit of the state shall be pledged to the prompt payment of the principal of and interest on the refunding bonds as they become due. There is appropriated from the general fund each year during the life of any refunding bonds issued under this act a sum equal to the amount of the principal and interest payments due and payable thereon in each such year.
History:
1966, Act 13, Imd. Eff. Apr. 6, 1966
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 13 of 1966 - Refunding Bonds of Mackinac Bridge Authority; Transfer of Authority to State Highway Department (254.361 - 254.372) › Section 254.363 - Refunding Bonds; Issuance and Sale, Terms and Conditions.

254.363 Refunding bonds; issuance and sale, terms and conditions.
Sec. 3.
The state highway commission, hereinafter sometimes referred to as the commission, may provide by resolution for the issuance and sale of the refunding bonds and for the retirement thereof, and for any other matters in connection with the refunding bonds not inconsistent with the provisions of this act. The resolution shall be approved by the state administrative board. The refunding bonds may be term or serial bonds issued in 1 or more series, or both, with dates of maturity not exceeding 35 years as determined by the commission and shall be in such denominations as fixed by the commission. They may be registrable as to principal only or as to both principal and interest, under such terms and conditions as may be determined by the commission. The commission may also provide for the issuance of registered bonds without coupons to replace coupon bonds. The bonds shall bear interest at a rate or rates not exceeding 5% per annum, payable semiannually except that the first interest payable may be for a period not exceeding 10 months, but the average net interest cost to the state on the money borrowed shall not exceed 3 1/2%. They may be made subject to redemption prior to maturity in whole or in part at such prices, upon such terms and at such times as may be fixed by the commission. The refunding bonds may recite that they are issued pursuant to this act which recital shall be conclusive evidence of their validity and the regularity of their issuance.
History:
1966, Act 13, Imd. Eff. Apr. 6, 1966 ;-- Am. 1967, Act 112, Imd. Eff. June 27, 1967
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 13 of 1966 - Refunding Bonds of Mackinac Bridge Authority; Transfer of Authority to State Highway Department (254.361 - 254.372) › Section 254.364 - Refunding Bonds; Negotiability and Tax Exemption.

254.364 Refunding bonds; negotiability and tax exemption.
Sec. 4.
Refunding bonds issued under this act shall be deemed to be negotiable instruments under the laws of the state, and the principal of and interest on the bonds is not subject to taxation by the state or any taxing authority therein.
History:
1966, Act 13, Imd. Eff. Apr. 6, 1966
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 13 of 1966 - Refunding Bonds of Mackinac Bridge Authority; Transfer of Authority to State Highway Department (254.361 - 254.372) › Section 254.365 - Refunding Bonds; Execution, Officers, Manner.

254.365 Refunding bonds; execution, officers, manner.
Sec. 5.
The refunding bonds shall be executed for and on behalf of the state by the state treasurer and the secretary of state or their respective deputies. The right of a deputy to so act shall not be limited by any other statute specifying the circumstances under which he may act for his principal. Interest coupons may be executed by affixing thereto the facsimile signature of the official designated to execute them. If an officer whose signature appears on the refunding bonds or attached coupons ceases to be such officer before delivery of the refunding bonds, his signature shall nevertheless be valid and sufficient for all purposes the same as if he had remained in office until delivery.
History:
1966, Act 13, Imd. Eff. Apr. 6, 1966
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 254 - Bridges › Act 13 of 1966 - Refunding Bonds of Mackinac Bridge Authority; Transfer of Authority to State Highway Department (254.361 - 254.372) › Section 254.366 - Issuance and Sale of Refunding Bonds; Approval of Board, Commission or Agency.

254.366 Issuance and sale of refunding bonds; approval of board, commission or agency.
Sec. 6.
In the issuance and sale of the refunding bonds, it shall not be necessary to secure the approval of any board, commission or agency of the state except as provided in this act.
History:
1966, Act 13, Imd. Eff. Apr. 6, 1966