reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1602. Peremptory grounds

Art. 1602. Peremptory grounds
A continuance shall be granted if at the time a case is to be tried, the party applying for the continuance shows that he has been unable, with the exercise of due diligence, to obtain evidence material to his case; or that a material witness has absented himself without the contrivance of the party applying for the continuance.
Amended by Acts 1966, No. 186, §1.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1604. Prevention of continuance by admission of adverse party

Art. 1604. Prevention of continuance by admission of adverse party
When a party applies for a continuance on account of the absence of a material witness, the adverse party may require him to disclose on oath what facts he intends to prove by such witness, and if the adverse party admits that if the witness were present he would testify as stated in the affidavit, the court shall proceed to the trial of the case.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1631. Power of court over proceedings; exclusion of witnesses; mistrial

CHAPTER 4. TRIAL PROCEDURE
Art. 1631. Power of court over proceedings; exclusion of witnesses; mistrial
A. The court has the power to require that the proceedings shall be conducted with dignity and in an orderly and expeditious manner, and to control the proceedings at the trial, so that justice is done.
B. The exclusion of witnesses is governed by Louisiana Code of Evidence Article 615.
C. The court on its own motion, or on the motion of any party, after hearing, may grant a mistrial.
Amended by Acts 1966, No. 36, §1; Acts 1988, No. 515, §2, eff. Jan. 1, 1989; Acts 1995, No. 411, §1.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1632. Order of trial

Art. 1632. Order of trial
The normal order of trial shall be as follows:
(1) The opening statements by the plaintiff and the defendant, in that order;
(2) The presentation of the evidence of the plaintiff and of the defendant, in that order;
(3) The presentation of the evidence of the plaintiff in rebuttal; and
(4) The argument of the plaintiff, of the defendant, and of the plaintiff in rebuttal, in that order.
This order may be varied by the court when circumstances so justify.
When an action involves parties in addition to the plaintiff and the defendant, the court shall determine the order of trial as to them and the plaintiff and the defendant.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1633. Oath or affirmation of witnesses; refusal to testify

Art. 1633. Oath or affirmation of witnesses; refusal to testify
A. Before testifying, every witness shall be required to declare that he will testify truthfully, by oath or affirmation administered in a form calculated to awaken his conscience and impress his mind with his duty to do so.
B. A witness who appears but refuses to testify without proper cause shall be considered in contempt of court.
Amended by Acts 1988, No. 515, §2, eff. Jan. 1, 1989.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1633.1. Live trial testimony by video

Art. 1633.1. Live trial testimony by video
The court may order, upon a showing of appropriate safeguards, live testimony of a witness to be presented in open court by teleconference, video link, or other visual remote technology, if the witness is beyond the subpoena power of the court or when compelling circumstances are shown. The order may be entered at a pretrial conference or, in exceptional circumstances, on motion set for hearing at least ten days prior to trial or at another time that does not prejudice the parties.
Acts 2007, No. 140, §1.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1634. Cross-examination of a party or person identified with a party

Art. 1634. Cross-examination of a party or person identified with a party
A party or a person identified with a party may be called as a witness and examined by the adverse party in accordance with Louisiana Code of Evidence Articles 607 and 611.
Amended by Acts 1970, No. 406, §1; Acts 1988, No. 515, §2, eff. Jan 1, 1989.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1635. Exceptions unnecessary

Art. 1635. Exceptions unnecessary
Formal exceptions to rulings or orders of the court are unnecessary. For all purposes it is sufficient that a party, at the time the ruling or order of the court is made or sought, makes known to the court the action which he desires the court to take or his objection to the action of the court and his grounds therefor; and, if a party has no opportunity to object to a ruling or order at the time it is made, the absence of an objection does not thereafter prejudice him.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1636. Evidence held inadmissible; record or statement as to nature thereof

Art. 1636. Evidence held inadmissible; record or statement as to nature thereof
A. When the court rules against the admissibility of any evidence, it shall either permit the party offering such evidence to make a complete record thereof, or permit the party to make a statement setting forth the nature of the evidence.
B. At the request of any party, the court may allow any excluded evidence to be offered, subject to cross-examination: on the record during a recess or such other time as the court shall designate; or by deposition taken before a person authorized by Article l434 within thirty days subsequent to the exclusion of any such evidence or the completion of the trial or hearing, whichever is later. When the record is completed during a recess or other designated time, or by deposition, there will be no necessity for the requesting party to make a statement setting forth the nature of the evidence.
C. In all cases, the court shall state the reason for its ruling as to the inadmissibility of the evidence. This ruling shall be reviewable on appeal without the necessity of further formality.
D. If the court permits a party to make a complete record of the evidence held inadmissible, it shall allow any other party the opportunity to make a record in the same manner of any evidence bearing upon the evidence held to be inadmissible.
Acts 1993, No. 985, §1.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1671. Voluntary dismissal

CHAPTER 5. DISMISSAL
Art. 1671. Voluntary dismissal
A judgment dismissing an action without prejudice shall be rendered upon application of the plaintiff and upon his payment of all costs, if the application is made prior to any appearance of record by the defendant. If the application is made after such appearance, the court may refuse to grant the judgment of dismissal except with prejudice.
Acts 1997, No. 578, §1.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1672. Involuntary dismissal

Art. 1672. Involuntary dismissal
A.(1) A judgment dismissing an action shall be rendered upon application of any party, when the plaintiff fails to appear on the day set for trial. In such case, the court shall determine whether the judgment of dismissal shall be with or without prejudice.
(2) The court, on its own motion, may dismiss an action without prejudice when all the parties thereto fail to appear on the day set for trial; however, when a case has been dismissed pursuant to this provision and it is claimed that there is a pending settlement, either party may reinstate the suit within sixty days of receipt of the notice of dismissal, and any cause of action which had not prescribed when the case was originally filed shall be fully reinstated as though the case had never been dismissed.
B. In an action tried by the court without a jury, after the plaintiff has completed the presentation of his evidence, any party, without waiving his right to offer evidence in the event the motion is not granted, may move for a dismissal of the action as to him on the ground that upon the facts and law, the plaintiff has shown no right to relief. The court may then determine the facts and render judgment against the plaintiff and in favor of the moving party or may decline to render any judgment until the close of all the evidence.
C. A judgment dismissing an action without prejudice shall be rendered as to a person named as a defendant for whom service has not been requested within the time prescribed by Article 1201(C) or 3955 upon the sustaining of a declinatory exception filed by such defendant, or upon contradictory motion of any other party, unless good cause is shown why service could not be requested, in which case the court may order that service be effected within a specified time.
Acts 1983, No. 534, §9; Acts 1997, No. 518, §2, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; Acts 1997, No. 1058, §1; Acts 2006, No. 750, §1; Acts 2010, No. 407, §1.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1702.1. Default judgment without hearing in open court; required information; certifications

Art. 1702.1. Default judgment without hearing in open court; required information; certifications
A. When the plaintiff seeks a default judgment without appearing for a hearing in open court as provided in Article 1702(B)(1) and (C), the plaintiff shall file a written request for default judgment containing a certification that the suit is on an open account, promissory note, or other negotiable instrument, on a conventional obligation, or on a check dishonored for nonsufficient funds, and that the necessary invoices and affidavit, note and affidavit, or check or certified reproduction thereof are attached, along with any proof required by law and a proposed default judgment. If attorney fees are sought under R.S. 9:2781 or 2782, the attorney shall certify that fact and the fact that the number of days required by R.S. 9:2781(A) or 2782(A), respectively, have elapsed since demand was made upon the defendant.
B. The certification shall indicate the type of service made on the defendant and the date of service and shall also include a certification by the clerk that the record was examined by the clerk, including therein the date of the examination and a statement that no answer or other pleading has been filed within the time prescribed by law or by the court.
Added by Acts 1984, No. 507, §1. Acts 1987, No. 182, §1; Acts 1992, No. 292, §1; Acts 2001, No. 1075, §2; Acts 2017, No. 419, §1; Acts 2021, No. 174, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2022.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1703. Scope of judgment

Art. 1703. Scope of judgment
A default judgment shall not be different in kind from that demanded in the petition. The amount of damages awarded shall be the amount proven to be properly due as a remedy.
Amended by Acts 1988, No. 443, §2, eff. Jan. 1, 1989; Acts 2017, No. 419, §1; Acts 2021, No. 174, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2022.
NOTE: See Acts 1988, No. 443, §3.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1731. Issues triable by jury

CHAPTER 7. JURY TRIAL
SECTION 1. RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY
Art. 1731. Issues triable by jury
A. Except as limited by Article 1732, the right of trial by jury is recognized.
B. Except as otherwise provided, the nature and amount of the principal demand shall determine whether any issue in the principal or incidental demand is triable by jury.
C. If the compulsory reconventional demand is triable by a jury, but the principal demand is not, the compulsory reconventional demand may be tried by a jury.
Acts 1983, No. 534, §1; Acts 1995, No. 661, §1.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1732. Limitation upon jury trials

Art. 1732. Limitation upon jury trials
A trial by jury shall not be available in:
(1) A suit where the amount of no individual petitioner's cause of action exceeds ten thousand dollars exclusive of interest and costs, except as follows:
(a) If an individual petitioner stipulates or otherwise judicially admits sixty days or more prior to trial that the amount of the individual petitioner's cause of action does not exceed ten thousand dollars exclusive of interest and costs, a defendant shall not be entitled to a trial by jury.
(b) If an individual petitioner stipulates or otherwise judicially admits for the first time less than sixty days prior to trial that the amount of the individual petitioner's cause of action does not exceed ten thousand dollars exclusive of interest and costs, any other party may retain the right to a trial by jury if that party is entitled to a trial by jury pursuant to this Article and has otherwise complied with the procedural requirements for obtaining a trial by jury.
(c) Notwithstanding Subsubparagraphs (a) and (b) of this Subparagraph, if, as a result of a compromise or dismissal of one or more claims or parties which occurs less than sixty days prior to trial, an individual petitioner stipulates or otherwise judicially admits that the amount of the individual petitioner's cause of action does not exceed ten thousand dollars exclusive of interest and costs, a defendant shall not be entitled to a trial by jury.
(2)(a) A suit commenced in a parish or city court, wherein the individual petitioner stipulates or otherwise judicially admits that the amount of the individual petitioner's cause of action does not exceed the amount in dispute to which the jurisdiction of the court is limited by Articles 4842 and 4843, exclusive of interest, penalties, attorney fees, and costs.
(b) The provisions of this Subparagraph shall not apply to delictual or quasi-delictual actions, which shall be governed by the provisions of Subparagraph (1) of this Article.
(3) A suit on an unconditional obligation to pay a specific sum of money, unless the defense thereto is forgery, fraud, error, want, or failure of consideration.
(4) A summary, executory, probate, partition, mandamus, habeas corpus, quo warranto, injunction, concursus, workers' compensation, emancipation, tutorship, interdiction, curatorship, filiation, annulment of marriage, or divorce proceeding.
(5) A proceeding to determine custody, visitation, alimony, or child support.
(6) A proceeding to review an action by an administrative or municipal body.
(7) All cases where a jury trial is specifically denied by law.
Acts 1983, No. 534, §1. Amended by Acts 1984, No. 301, §1; Acts 1987, No. 766, §1; Acts 1988, No. 147, §1; Acts 1989, No. 107, §1; Acts 1990, No. 361, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, No. 661, §1; Acts 1999, No. 1363, §1; Acts 2004, No. 26, §2; Acts 2013, No. 391, §1; Acts 2020, 1st Ex. Sess., No. 37, §2, eff. Jan. 1, 2021.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1733. Demand for jury trial; bond for costs

Art. 1733. Demand for jury trial; bond for costs
A.(1) Except as provided in Subparagraph (2) of this Paragraph, a party may obtain a trial by jury by filing a pleading demanding a trial by jury and a bond in the amount and within the time set by the court pursuant to Article 1734.
(2)(a) In a suit for damages arising from a delictual or quasi-delictual action where an individual petitioner stipulates or otherwise judicially admits that his cause of action exceeds ten thousand dollars and is less than fifty thousand dollars, a party may obtain a trial by jury by filing a pleading demanding a trial by jury and providing a cash deposit of five thousand dollars no later than sixty days after filing the request for a trial by jury. Failure to post the cash deposit as required by this Subparagraph shall constitute a waiver of the trial by jury. This cash deposit shall be subject to Article 1734.1(E).
(b) When the case is set for trial, the court may additionally provide for a supplemental bond or cash deposit in accordance with Article 1734 or 1734.1.
B. A motion to withdraw a demand for a trial by jury shall be in writing.
C. The pleading demanding a trial by jury shall be filed not later than ten days after either the service of the last pleading directed to any issue triable by a jury, or the granting of a motion to withdraw a demand for a trial by jury.
Acts 1983, No. 534, §1; Acts 2020, 1st Ex. Sess., No. 37, §2, eff. Jan. 1, 2021.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1734. Fixing the bond; calling the jury venire

Art. 1734. Fixing the bond; calling the jury venire
A. Except as otherwise provided by R.S. 13:3105 et seq., when the case has been set for trial, the court shall fix the amount of the bond to cover all costs estimated by the court related to the trial by jury and shall fix the time for filing the bond, which shall be no later than sixty days prior to trial. Notice of the fixing of the bond shall be served on all parties. If the bond is not filed timely, any other party shall have an additional ten days to file the bond.
B. When the bond has been filed, the clerk of court shall order the jury commission to draw a sufficient number of jurors to try and determine the cause, such drawing to be made in accordance with R.S. 13:3044.
Acts 1987, No. 148, §1; Acts 1995, No. 148, §1; Acts 2005, No. 28, §1; Acts 2021, No. 382, §1.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1734.1. Cash deposit; procedure

Art. 1734.1. Cash deposit; procedure
A. When the case has been set for trial, the court may order, in lieu of the bond required in Article 1734, a deposit for costs, which shall be a specific amount estimated by the court, and the court shall fix the time for making the deposit, which shall be no later than thirty days prior to trial. The deposit shall include sufficient funds for payment of all costs associated with a jury trial, including juror fees and expenses and charges of the jury commission, clerk of court, and sheriff. The required deposit shall not exceed five thousand dollars for the first day, and one thousand dollars per day for each additional day the court estimates the trial will last. Notice of the fixing of the deposit shall be served on all parties. If the deposit is not timely made, any other party shall have an additional ten days to make the required deposit. Failure to post the deposit shall constitute a waiver of a trial by jury. However, no deposit shall be required of an applicant for a jury trial under the provisions of this Article if waived or an order is rendered, pursuant to Chapter 5 of Title I of Book IX of this Code, permitting the applicant to litigate or continue to litigate without payment of costs in advance or furnishing security therefor.
B. When the deposit has been filed, the clerk of court shall order the jury commission to draw a sufficient number of jurors to try and determine the cause, such drawing to be made in accordance with R.S. 13:3044.
C. The clerk of court may disburse funds from the cash deposit for payment of all or a part of the jury costs as such costs accrue. The clerk shall keep a record of funds disbursed from the deposit.
D. The court may require an additional deposit to be filed during the trial if the original amount of the deposit is insufficient to pay jury costs.
E. The funds disbursed from the cash deposit for payment of jury costs shall be assessed as costs of court.
F. After payment of all jury costs, any unexpended amounts remaining on deposit shall be refunded by the clerk of court to the party or attorney filing the deposit.
Acts 1987, No. 937, §2; Acts 1989, No. 307, §1; Acts 1995, No. 148, §1; Acts 2004, No. 840, §2; Acts 2021, No. 382, §1.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1735. Specification of issues

Art. 1735. Specification of issues
In his demand a party may specify the issues which he wishes to be tried by jury; otherwise, he shall be considered to have demanded trial by jury for all the issues so triable. If he has demanded trial by jury for only some of the issues, any other party, within ten days after service of the demand, may demand trial by jury of any or all of the other issues in the action.
Acts 1983, No. 534, §1.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1736. Trial of less than all issues; stipulation

Art. 1736. Trial of less than all issues; stipulation
The trial of all issues for which a jury trial has been requested shall be by jury, unless the parties stipulate that the jury trial shall be as to certain issues only or unless the right to trial by jury as to certain issues does not exist; however, except as otherwise provided under the provisions of Article 1562, there shall be but one trial.
Added by Acts 1983, No. 534, §1.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1761. Procedure in general

SECTION 3. PROCEDURE FOR CALLING AND
EXAMINING JURORS
Art. 1761. Procedure in general
A. In cases to be tried by jury, twelve jurors summoned in accordance with law shall be chosen by lot to try the issues specified unless the parties stipulate that the case shall be tried by six jurors. The method of calling and drawing by lot shall be at the discretion of the court.
B. The parties may stipulate that if one or more jurors die or become disqualified the remaining jurors shall try the issues specified.
Acts 1983, No. 534, §5.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1763. Examination of juror

Art. 1763. Examination of juror
A. The court shall examine prospective jurors as to their qualifications and may conduct such further examination as it deems appropriate.
B. The parties or their attorneys shall individually conduct such examination of prospective jurors as each party deems necessary, but the court may control the scope of the examination to be conducted by the parties or their attorneys.
Acts 1983, No. 534, §5; Acts 1990, No. 603, §1.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1764. Peremptory challenges

Art. 1764. Peremptory challenges
A. If trial is by a jury of six, each side is allowed three peremptory challenges. If there is more than one party on any side, the court may allow each side additional peremptory challenges, not to exceed two.
B. If trial is by a jury of twelve, each side is allowed six peremptory challenges. If there is more than one party on any side, the court may allow each side additional peremptory challenges, not to exceed four.
C. Each side shall be allowed an equal number of peremptory challenges. If the parties on a side are unable to agree upon the allocation of peremptory challenges among themselves, the allocation shall be determined by the court before the examination on the voir dire.
Acts 1983, No. 534, §5.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1765. Challenges for cause

Art. 1765. Challenges for cause
A juror may be challenged for cause based upon any of the following:
(1) When the juror lacks a qualification required by law;
(2) When the juror has formed an opinion in the case or is not otherwise impartial, the cause of his bias being immaterial;
(3) When the relations whether by blood, marriage, employment, friendship, or enmity between the juror and any party or his attorney are such that it must be reasonably believed that they would influence the juror in coming to a verdict;
(4) When the juror served on a previous jury, which tried the same case or one arising out of the same facts;
(5) When the juror refuses to answer a question on the voir dire examination on the ground that his answer might tend to incriminate him.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1766. Time for challenges; method

Art. 1766. Time for challenges; method
A. After a juror has been examined as provided in Article 1763, the court may excuse the juror and if the court does not do so, either party may challenge the juror for cause.
B. If a juror has not been excused for cause, a peremptory challenge may be made by any party. The court shall alternate between the sides when making initial inquiry as to whether any party wishes to exercise a peremptory challenge to that juror.
C. After the entire jury has been accepted and sworn, no party has a right to challenge peremptorily.
D. Peremptory challenges of jurors shall be made and communicated to the court in a side bar conference of the judge, the attorneys conducting the examination and selection of jurors, and the plaintiff or defendant in a case in which the plaintiff or defendant chooses to represent himself. The conference shall be conducted in a manner that only the court, the attorneys, and the plaintiff or defendant in a case in which the plaintiff or defendant chooses to represent himself, are aware of the challenges made until the court announces the challenges without reference to any party or attorney in the case. The side bar conference shall be conducted on the record and out of the presence of the prospective jurors.
Acts 1983, No. 534, §5; Acts 1990, No. 703, §1.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1767. Challenging or excusing jurors after acceptance

Art. 1767. Challenging or excusing jurors after acceptance
Although the entire jury may have been accepted and sworn, up to the beginning of the taking of evidence, a juror may be challenged for cause by either side or be excused by the court for cause or by consent of both sides, and the panel completed in the ordinary course.
Acts 1983, No. 534, §5.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1768. Swearing of jurors; selection of foreman

Art. 1768. Swearing of jurors; selection of foreman
When the jury has been accepted by all parties, the jurors shall be sworn to try the case in a just and impartial manner, to the best of their judgment, and to render a verdict according to the law and the evidence. When the jury has retired, the jurors shall select a foreman to preside over them and sign the verdict which they may render.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1769. Alternate jurors

Art. 1769. Alternate jurors
A. The court may direct that one or more jurors, in addition to the regular panel, be called and empanelled to sit as alternate jurors.
B. Alternate jurors, in the order in which they are called, shall replace jurors who, prior to the time the jury retires to consider its verdict, become unable or disqualified to perform their duties.
C. Alternate jurors shall be drawn in the same manner, shall have the same qualifications, shall be subject to the same examination and challenges, shall take the same oath, and shall have the same functions, powers, facilities, and privileges as the principal jurors.
D. An alternate juror who does not replace a principal juror shall be discharged when the jury retires to consider its verdict.
E. If one or more alternate jurors are called, each side shall have an equal number of additional peremptory challenges. The court shall determine how many challenges shall be allowed and shall allocate them among the parties on each side. The additional peremptory challenges may be used only against an alternate juror, and the other peremptory challenges allowed by law shall not be used against the alternate jurors.
Acts 1983, No. 534, §5.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1791. Comment on facts by judge prohibited

SECTION 4. PROCEDURE IN JURY TRIALS
Art. 1791. Comment on facts by judge prohibited
The judge in the presence of the jury shall not comment upon the facts of the case, either by commenting upon or recapitulating the evidence, repeating the testimony of any witness, or giving an opinion as to what has been proved, not proved, or refuted.
Acts 1983, No. 534, §7.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1792. Charge to the jury

Art. 1792. Charge to the jury
A. At any time during the trial, the court may instruct the jury on the law applicable to any issue in the case.
B. After the trial of the case and the presentation of all the evidence and arguments, the court shall instruct the jurors on the law applicable to the cause submitted to them. The court shall reduce such instructions to writing. The court shall further instruct the jury that it may take with it or have sent to it a written copy of all instructions and charges and any object or document received in evidence when a physical examination thereof is required to enable the jury to reach its verdict.
C. This charge shall be in writing and available to the parties and to jurors in their deliberations.
Acts 1983, No. 534, §7; Acts 1997, No. 668, §1.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1793. Instructions to jury; objections

Art. 1793. Instructions to jury; objections
A. At the close of the evidence, or at such earlier time as the court reasonably directs, a party may file written requests that the court instruct the jury on the law as set forth in the requests.
B. The court shall inform the parties of its proposed action on the written requests and shall also inform the parties of the instructions it intends to give to the jury at the close of the evidence within a reasonable time prior to their arguments to the jury.
C. A party may not assign as error the giving or the failure to give an instruction unless he objects thereto either before the jury retires to consider its verdict or immediately after the jury retires, stating specifically the matter to which he objects and the grounds of his objection. If he objects prior to the time the jury retires, he shall be given an opportunity to make the objection out of the hearing of the jury.
D. The jury may take with it or have sent to it a written copy of all instructions and charges.
Acts 1983, No. 534, §7; Acts 1987, No. 699, §1; Acts 1997, No. 668, §1; Acts 2021, No. 259, §2.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1794. Taking evidence to jury room

Art. 1794. Taking evidence to jury room
A. Jurors shall be permitted to take notes. The court shall provide the needed writing implements. Jurors may, but need not, take notes and such notes as are taken may be used during the jury's deliberations but shall not be preserved for review on appeal. The trial judge shall ensure the confidentiality of the notes during the course of the trial and the jury's deliberations. At each recess prior to jury deliberation, the court shall collect and maintain any and all notes made by each juror and upon reconvening, the court shall return to each juror his individual notes and shall cause the notes to be destroyed immediately upon return of the verdict.
B. The court may allow the jury to take with them any object or writing received in evidence, except depositions and except as otherwise provided in the Louisiana Code of Evidence.
Acts 1983, No. 534, §7; Acts 1988, No. 515, §2, eff. Jan. 1, 1989; Acts 1997, No. 668, §1.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1795. Jury request to review testimony

Art. 1795. Jury request to review testimony
If the jury, after retiring for deliberation, requests a review of certain testimony, they shall be conducted to the courtroom. After giving notice to the parties, the court may have the requested testimony read to the jury.
Acts 1983, No. 534, §7; Acts 2021, No. 259, §2.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1796. Additional instructions

Art. 1796. Additional instructions
A. If the jury, after retiring for deliberation, desires to receive information on any point of law, they shall be conducted to the courtroom.
B. After giving notice to the parties, the court may give the appropriate instructions.
C. The court, after giving notice to the parties, may recall the jury after they have retired:
(1) To correct or withdraw an erroneous instruction.
(2) To clarify an ambiguous instruction.
(3) To inform the jury on a point of law which should have been covered in the original instructions.
(4) To give such further instructions as may be appropriate.
Added by Acts 1983, No. 534, §7.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1797. Number required for verdict

Art. 1797. Number required for verdict
A. If trial is by a jury of six, five of the jurors must concur to render a verdict unless the parties stipulate otherwise.
B. If trial is by a jury of twelve, nine of the jurors must concur to render a verdict unless the parties stipulate otherwise.
C. If the parties have stipulated pursuant to Article 1761(B) that the remaining jurors shall try the issues specified if members of the jury die or become disqualified, they also shall stipulate as to the number of jurors who must concur to render a verdict.
Added by Acts 1983, No. 534, §7.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1810. Directed verdicts

SECTION 5. VERDICTS
Art. 1810. Directed verdicts
A party who moves for a directed verdict at the close of the evidence offered by an opponent may offer evidence in the event that the motion is not granted, without having reserved the right so to do and to the same extent as if the motion had not been made. A motion for a directed verdict that is not granted is not a waiver of trial by jury even though all parties to the action have moved for directed verdicts. A motion for a directed verdict shall state the specific grounds therefor. The order of the court granting a motion for a directed verdict is effective without any assent of the jury.
Acts 1983, No. 534, §8; Acts 2023, No. 5, §1.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1811. Motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict

Art. 1811. Motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict
A.(1) Not later than seven days, exclusive of legal holidays, after the clerk has mailed or the sheriff has served the notice of judgment under Article 1913, a party may move for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict. If a verdict was not returned, a party may move for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict not later than seven days, exclusive of legal holidays, after the jury was discharged.
(2) A motion for a new trial may be joined with this motion, or a new trial may be prayed for in the alternative.
B. If a verdict was returned the court may allow the judgment to stand or may reopen the judgment and either order a new trial or render a judgment notwithstanding the verdict. If no verdict was returned, the court may render a judgment or order a new trial.
C.(1) If the motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict is granted, the court shall also rule on the motion for a new trial, if any, by determining whether it should be granted if the judgment is thereafter vacated or reversed and shall specify the grounds for granting or denying the motion for a new trial. If the motion for a new trial is thus conditionally granted, the order thereon does not affect the finality of the judgment.
(2) If the motion for a new trial has been conditionally granted and the judgment is reversed on appeal, the new trial shall proceed unless the appellate court orders otherwise.
(3) If the motion for a new trial has been conditionally denied and the judgment is reversed on appeal, subsequent proceedings shall be in accordance with the order of the appellate court.
D. The party whose verdict has been set aside on a motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict may move for a new trial pursuant to Articles 1972 and 1973. The motion for a new trial shall be filed no later than seven days, exclusive of legal holidays, after the clerk has mailed or the sheriff has served the notice of the signing of the judgment notwithstanding the verdict under Article 1913. The motion shall be served pursuant to Articles 1976 and 1314.
E. If the motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict is denied, the party who prevailed on that motion may, as appellee, assert grounds entitling him to a new trial in the event the appellate court concludes that the trial court erred in denying the motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict. If the appellate court reverses the judgment, nothing in this Article precludes the court from determining that the appellee is entitled to a new trial or from directing the trial court to determine whether a new trial shall be granted.
F. The motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict may be granted on the issue of liability or on the issue of damages or on both issues.
Acts 1983, No. 534, §8. Amended by Acts 1984, No. 40, §1; Acts 1999, No. 1263, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2000.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1813. General verdict accompanied by answer to interrogatories

Art. 1813. General verdict accompanied by answer to interrogatories
A. The court may submit to the jury, together with appropriate forms for a general verdict, written interrogatories upon one or more issues of fact the decision of which is necessary to a verdict. The court shall give such explanation or instruction as may be necessary to enable the jury both to make answers to the interrogatories and to render a general verdict, and the court shall direct the jury both to make written answers and to render a general verdict.
B. The court shall inform the parties within a reasonable time prior to their arguments to the jury of the general verdict form and instructions it intends to submit to the jury, and the parties shall be given a reasonable opportunity to make objections.
C. When the general verdict and the answers are harmonious, the court shall direct the entry of the appropriate judgment upon the verdict and answers.
D. When the answers are consistent with each other but one or more is inconsistent with the general verdict, the court may direct the entry of judgment in accordance with the answers, notwithstanding the general verdict, or may return the jury for further consideration of its answers and verdict, or may order a new trial.
E. When the answers are inconsistent with each other and one or more is likewise inconsistent with the general verdict, the court shall not direct the entry of judgment but may return the jury for further consideration of its answers or may order a new trial.
Acts 1983, No. 534, §8.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1814. Remittitur or additur as alternative to new trial; reformation of verdict

Art. 1814. Remittitur or additur as alternative to new trial; reformation of verdict
If the trial court is of the opinion that the verdict is so excessive or inadequate that a new trial should be granted for that reason only, it may indicate to the party or his attorney within what time he may enter a remittitur or additur. This remittitur or additur is to be entered only with the consent of the plaintiff or the defendant as the case may be, as an alternative to a new trial, and is to be entered only if the issue of quantum is clearly and fairly separable from other issues in the case. If a remittitur or additur is entered, then the court shall reform the jury verdict or judgment in accordance therewith.
Added by Acts 1989, No. 173, §1.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1841. Judgments, interlocutory and final

TITLE VI
JUDGMENTS
CHAPTER 1. GENERAL DISPOSITIONS
Art. 1841. Judgments, interlocutory and final
A judgment is the determination of the rights of the parties in an action and may award any relief to which the parties are entitled. It may be interlocutory or final.
A judgment that does not determine the merits but only preliminary matters in the course of the action is an interlocutory judgment.
A judgment that determines the merits in whole or in part is a final judgment.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1871. Declaratory judgments; scope

CHAPTER 2. DECLARATORY JUDGMENTS
Art. 1871. Declaratory judgments; scope
Courts of record within their respective jurisdictions may declare rights, status, and other legal relations whether or not further relief is or could be claimed. No action or proceeding shall be open to objection on the ground that a declaratory judgment or decree is prayed for; and the existence of another adequate remedy does not preclude a judgment for declaratory relief in cases where it is appropriate. The declaration shall have the force and effect of a final judgment or decree.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1872. Interested parties may obtain declaration of rights, status, or other legal relations

Art. 1872. Interested parties may obtain declaration of rights, status, or other legal relations
A person interested under a deed, will, written contract or other writing constituting a contract, or whose rights, status, or other legal relations are affected by a statute, municipal ordinance, contract or franchise, may have determined any question of construction or validity arising under the instrument, statute, ordinance, contract, or franchise and obtain a declaration of rights, status, or other legal relations thereunder.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1874. Interested person may obtain declaration of rights; purpose

Art. 1874. Interested person may obtain declaration of rights; purpose
A person interested as or through an executor, administrator, trustee, guardian, or other fiduciary, creditor, devisee, legatee, heir, next of kin, or cestui que trust, in the administration of a trust, or of the estate of a decedent, an infant, lunatic, or insolvent, may have a declaration of rights or legal relations in respect thereto:
(1) To ascertain any class of creditors, devisees, legatees, heirs, next of kin or others;
(2) To direct the executors, administrators, or trustees to do or abstain from doing any particular act in their fiduciary capacity; or
(3) To determine any question arising in the administration of the estate or trust, including questions of construction of wills and other writings.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1878. Supplemental relief; expedited hearing for constitutional determination; effect of pendency of other proceedings

Art. 1878. Supplemental relief; expedited hearing for constitutional determination; effect of pendency of other proceedings
A. Further relief based on a declaratory judgment or decree may be granted whenever necessary or proper. The application therefor shall be by petition to a court having jurisdiction to grant the relief. If the application is considered sufficient, the court, on reasonable notice, shall require any adverse party whose rights have been adjudicated by the declaratory judgment or decree, to show cause why further relief should not be granted forthwith.
B. In any action or proceeding seeking a declaratory judgment as to the constitutionality of the expenditure of state funds, the court shall set the matter with preference and proceed to hear and determine the matter as expeditiously as the ends of justice may require, notwithstanding resolution of a pending petition for injunction sought pursuant to Article 3601 or a petition for mandamus sought pursuant to Article 3862.
Acts 2014, No. 41, §1.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1880. Parties

Art. 1880. Parties
When declaratory relief is sought, all persons shall be made parties who have or claim any interest which would be affected by the declaration, and no declaration shall prejudice the rights of persons not parties to the proceeding. In a proceeding which involves the validity of a municipal ordinance or franchise, such municipality shall be made a party and shall be entitled to be heard. If the law, ordinance, or franchise is alleged to be unconstitutional, the attorney general of the state shall also be served with a copy of the proceeding and be entitled to be heard. If the law is alleged to be unconstitutional, pleadings shall be made pursuant to the requirements in Articles 855.1 and 1845.
Amended by Acts 2024, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 12, §1.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1883. Uniformity of interpretation

Art. 1883. Uniformity of interpretation
Articles 1871 through 1882 shall be interpreted and construed so as to effectuate their general purpose to make uniform the law of those states which enact them, and to harmonize, as far as possible, with federal laws and regulations on the subject of declaratory judgments and decrees.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1911. Final judgment; partial final judgment; signing; appeals

CHAPTER 3. RENDITION
Art. 1911. Final judgment; partial final judgment; signing; appeals
A. Except as otherwise provided by law, every final judgment shall contain the typewritten or printed name of the judge and be signed by the judge. Any judgment that does not contain the typewritten or printed name of the judge shall not be invalidated for that reason. Judgments may be signed by the judge by use of electronic signature.
B. For the purpose of an appeal as provided in Article 2083, no appeal may be taken from a final judgment until the requirement of this Article has been fulfilled. No appeal may be taken from a partial final judgment under Article 1915(B) until the judgment has been designated a final judgment under Article 1915(B). An appeal may be taken from a final judgment under Article 1915(A) without the judgment being so designated.
Amended by Acts 1974, No. 87, §1; Acts 1979, No. 618, §1; Acts 1999, No. 1263, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2000; Acts 2014, No. 144, §1; Acts 2014, No. 606, §1; Acts 2023, No. 272, §1.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1913. Notice of judgment

Art. 1913. Notice of judgment
A. Except as otherwise provided by law, notice of the signing of a final judgment, including a partial final judgment under Article 1915, is required in all contested cases, and shall be mailed by the clerk of court to the counsel of record for each party, and to each party not represented by counsel.
B. Notice of the signing of a default judgment against a defendant on whom citation was not served personally, or on whom citation was served through the secretary of state, and who filed no exception, answer, or other pleading, shall be served on the defendant by the sheriff, by either personal or domiciliary service, or in the case of a defendant originally served through the secretary of state, by service on the secretary of state.
C. Except when service is required under Paragraph B of this Article, notice of the signing of a default judgment shall be mailed by the clerk of court to the defendant at the address where personal service was obtained or to the last known address of the defendant.
D. The clerk shall file a certificate in the record showing the date on which, and the counsel and parties to whom, notice of the signing of the judgment was mailed.
E. Repealed by Acts 2008, No. 824, §5, eff. Jan. 1, 2009.
Amended by Acts 1961, No. 23, §1; Acts 1968, No. 127, §1; Acts 1990, No. 1000, §1; Acts 1992, No. 700, §1; Acts 1999, No. 1263, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2000; Acts 2001, No. 512, §1; Acts 2006, No. 337, §1; Acts 2008, No. 824, §5, eff. Jan. 1, 2009; Acts 2017, No. 419, §1; Acts 2018, No. 195, §1; Acts 2021, No. 174, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2022.
2023 Louisiana Laws › Code of Civil Procedure › Art. 1914. Interlocutory judgments; notice; delay for further action

Art. 1914. Interlocutory judgments; notice; delay for further action
A. Except as provided in Paragraphs B and C of this Article, the rendition of an interlocutory judgment in open court constitutes notice to all parties.
B. The interlocutory judgment shall be reduced to writing if the court so orders, if a party requests within ten days of rendition in open court that it be reduced to writing, or if the court takes the interlocutory matter under advisement. The clerk shall mail notice of the subsequent judgment to each party.
C. If the interlocutory judgment is one refusing to grant a new trial or a judgment notwithstanding the verdict, the clerk shall mail notice to each party regardless of whether the motion is taken under advisement. The delay for appealing the final judgment commences to run only from the date of the mailing of the notice, as provided in Articles 2087 and 2123.
D. Except as provided in Paragraph C of this Article, each party shall have ten days either from notice of the interlocutory judgment, or from the mailing of notice when required to take any action or file any pleadings in the trial court; however, this provision does not suspend or otherwise affect the time for applying for supervisory writs, nor does it affect the time for appealing an interlocutory judgment under Article 2083.
E. The provisions of this Article do not apply to an interlocutory injunctive order or judgment.
Acts 1983, No. 61, §1; Acts 1995, No. 657, §1; Acts 2003, No. 545, §1.