2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 324 - Natural Resources and Environmental Protection › Act 451 of 1994 - Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act (324.101 - 324.90106) › Article II - Pollution Control (324.3101...324.21563) › 451-1994-II-8 - Chapter 8 Underground Storage Tanks (324.21101...324.21563) › 451-1994-II-8-213 - Part 213 Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (324.21301...324.21334) › Section 324.21323j - Civil Action.

324.21323j Civil action.
Sec. 21323j.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in this part, a person, including a local unit of government on behalf of its citizens, whose health or enjoyment of the environment is or may be adversely affected by a release from an underground storage tank system or threat of release from an underground storage tank system, by a violation of this part or a rule promulgated or order issued under this part, or by the failure of the directors to perform a nondiscretionary act or duty under this part, may commence a civil action against any of the following:
(a) An owner or operator who is liable under section 21323a for injunctive relief necessary to prevent irreparable harm to the public health, safety, or welfare or the environment from a release or threatened release in relation to that underground storage tank system on the property on which the underground storage tank system is located.
(b) A person that is liable under section 21323a for a violation of this part or a rule promulgated under this part or an order issued under this part in relation to that underground storage tank system on the property on which the underground storage tank system is located.
(c) One or more of the directors if it is alleged that 1 or more of the directors failed to perform a nondiscretionary act or duty under this part.
(2) The circuit court has jurisdiction in actions brought under subsection (1)(a) to grant injunctive relief necessary to protect the public health, safety, or welfare or the environment from a release or threatened release. The circuit court has jurisdiction in actions brought under subsection (1)(b) to enforce this part or a rule promulgated or order issued under this part by ordering such action as may be necessary to correct the violation and to impose any civil fine provided for in this part for the violation. A civil fine recovered under this section shall be deposited in the general fund. The circuit court has jurisdiction in actions brought under subsection (1)(c) to order 1 or more of the directors to perform the nondiscretionary act or duty concerned.
(3) An action shall not be filed under subsection (1)(a) or (b) unless all of the following conditions exist:
(a) The plaintiff has given at least 60 days' notice in writing of the plaintiff's intent to sue, the basis for the suit, and the relief to be requested to each of the following:
(i) The department.
(ii) The attorney general.
(iii) The proposed defendants.
(b) The state has not commenced and is not diligently prosecuting an action under this part or under other appropriate legal authority to obtain injunctive relief concerning the underground storage tank system or the property on which the underground storage tank system is located or to require compliance with this part or a rule or an order under this part.
(4) An action shall not be filed under subsection (1)(c) until the plaintiff has given in writing at least 60 days' notice to the directors of the plaintiff's intent to sue, the basis for the suit, and the relief to be requested.
(5) In issuing a final order in an action brought pursuant to this section, the court may award costs of litigation, including reasonable attorney and expert witness fees, to the prevailing or substantially prevailing party.
(6) This section does not affect or otherwise impair the rights of any person under federal, state, or common law.
(7) An action under subsection (1)(a) or (b) shall be brought in the circuit court for the circuit in which the alleged release, threatened release, or other violation occurred. An action under subsection (1)(c) shall be brought in the circuit court for Ingham county.
(8) All unpaid costs and damages for which a person is liable under this part constitute a lien in favor of the state upon a property that has been the subject of corrective action by the state and is owned by that person. A lien under this subsection has priority over all other liens and encumbrances except liens and encumbrances recorded before the date the lien under this subsection is recorded. A lien under this subsection arises when the state first incurs costs for corrective action at the property for which the person is responsible.
(9) If the attorney general determines that the lien provided in subsection (8) is insufficient to protect the interest of the state in recovering corrective action costs at a property, the attorney general may file a petition in the circuit court of the county in which the facility is located seeking either or both of the following:
(a) A lien upon the property owned by the person described in subsection (8), subject to corrective action that takes priority over all other liens and encumbrances that are or have been recorded on the property.
(b) A lien upon real or personal property or rights to real or personal property, other than the property which was the subject of corrective action, owned by the person described in subsection (8), having priority over all other liens and encumbrances except liens and encumbrances recorded prior to the date the lien under this subsection is recorded. However, the following are not subject to the lien provided for in this subsection:
(i) Assets of a qualified pension plan or individual retirement account under the internal revenue code.
(ii) Assets held expressly for the purpose of financing a dependent's college education.
(iii) Up to $500,000.00 in nonbusiness real or personal property or rights to nonbusiness real or personal property, except that not more than $25,000.00 of this amount may be cash or securities.
(10) A petition submitted pursuant to subsection (9) shall set forth with as much specificity as possible the type of lien sought, the property that would be affected, and the reasons the attorney general believes the lien is necessary. Upon receipt of a petition under subsection (3), the court shall promptly schedule a hearing to determine whether the petition should be granted. Notice of the hearing shall be provided to the attorney general, the property owner, and any persons holding liens or perfected security interest in the real property subject to corrective action. A lien shall not be granted under subsection (9) against the owner of the property if the owner is not liable under section 21323a.
(11) In addition to the lien provided in subsections (8) and (9), if the state incurs costs for corrective action that increases the market value of real property that is the location of a release or threatened release, the increase in the value caused by the state-funded corrective action, to the extent the state incurred unpaid costs and damages, constitutes a lien in favor of the state upon the real property. This lien has priority over all other liens or encumbrances that are or have been recorded upon the property.
(12) A lien provided in subsection (8), (9), or (11) is perfected against real property when a notice of lien is filed by the department with the register of deeds in the county in which the real property is located. A lien upon personal property provided in subsection (9) is perfected when a notice of lien is filed by the department in accordance with applicable law and regulation for the perfection of a lien on that type of personal property. In addition, the department shall, at the time of the filing of the notice of lien, provide a copy of the notice of lien to the owner of that property by certified mail.
(13) A lien under this section continues until the liability for the costs and damages is satisfied or resolved or becomes unenforceable through the operation of the statute of limitations provided in this part.
(14) Upon satisfaction of the liability secured by the lien, the department shall file a notice of release of lien in the same manner as provided in subsection (12).
(15) If the department, at the time or prior to the time of filing the notice of release of lien pursuant to subsection (14), has made a determination that the person liable under section 21323a has completed all of the corrective action, the department shall execute and file with the notice of release of lien a document stating that all corrective action has been completed.
History:
Add. 2012, Act 108, Imd. Eff. May 1, 2012 ;-- Am. 2012, Act 446, Imd. Eff. Dec. 27, 2012
Popular Name:
Act 451
Popular Name:
NREPA