2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 440 - Uniform Commercial Code › Act 174 of 1962 - Uniform Commercial Code (440.1101 - 440.11102) › Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments (440.3101...440.3805) › 174-1962-3-3 - Part 3 Enforcement of Instruments (440.3301...440.3312) › Section 440.3312 - Definitions; Asserting Claim to Amount of Check by Communication to Obligated Bank; Delivery of Declaration of Loss; Claim Asserted in Compliance With Subsection (2); Duties of Claimant if Presentment by Holder in Due Course; Rights of Claimant With Respect to Check.

440.3312 Definitions; asserting claim to amount of check by communication to obligated bank; delivery of declaration of loss; claim asserted in compliance with subsection (2); duties of claimant if presentment by holder in due course; rights of claimant with respect to check.
Sec. 3312.
(1) As used in this section:
(a) "Check" means a cashier's check, teller's check, or certified check.
(b) "Claimant" means a person who claims the right to receive the amount of a cashier's check, teller's check, or certified check that was lost, destroyed, or stolen.
(c) "Declaration of loss" means a statement, made in a record under penalty of perjury, to the effect that all of the following apply:
(i) The declarer lost possession of a check.
(ii) The declarer is the drawer or payee of the check in the case of a certified check, or the remitter or payee of the check in the case of a cashier's check or teller's check.
(iii) The loss of possession was not the result of a transfer by the declarer or a lawful seizure.
(iv) The declarer cannot reasonably obtain possession of the check because the check was destroyed, its whereabouts cannot be determined, or it is in the wrongful possession of an unknown person or a person that cannot be found or is not amenable to service of process.
(d) "Obligated bank" means the issuer of a cashier's check or teller's check or the acceptor of a certified check.
(2) A claimant may assert a claim to the amount of a check by a communication to the obligated bank describing the check with reasonable certainty and requesting payment of the amount of the check if all of the following apply:
(a) The claimant is the drawer or payee of a certified check or the remitter or payee of a cashier's check or teller's check.
(b) The communication contains or is accompanied by a declaration of loss of the claimant with respect to the check.
(c) The communication is received at a time and in a manner affording the bank a reasonable time to act on it before the check is paid.
(d) The claimant provides reasonable identification if requested by the obligated bank.
(3) Delivery of a declaration of loss is a warranty of the truth of the statements made in the declaration.
(4) If a claim is asserted in compliance with subsection (2), the following rules apply:
(a) The claim becomes enforceable at the later of the following:
(i) The time the claim is asserted.
(ii) The 90th day following the date of the check in the case of a cashier's check or teller's check, or the 90th day following the date of the acceptance in the case of a certified check.
(b) Until the claim becomes enforceable, it has no legal effect and the obligated bank may pay the check or, in the case of a teller's check, may permit the drawee to pay the check. Payment to a person entitled to enforce the check discharges all liability of the obligated bank with respect to the check.
(c) If the claim becomes enforceable before the check is presented for payment, the obligated bank is not obliged to pay the check.
(d) When the claim becomes enforceable, the obligated bank becomes obliged to pay the amount of the check to the claimant if payment of the check has not been made to a person entitled to enforce the check. Subject to section 4302(1)(a), payment to the claimant discharges all liability of the obligated bank with respect to the check.
(5) If the obligated bank pays the amount of a check to a claimant under subsection (4)(d) and the check is presented for payment by a person having rights of a holder in due course, the claimant is obliged to do both of the following:
(a) Refund the payment to the obligated bank if the check is paid.
(b) Pay the amount of the check to the person having rights of a holder in due course if the check is dishonored.
(6) If a claimant has the right to assert a claim under subsection (2) and is also a person entitled to enforce a cashier's check, teller's check, or certified check which is lost, destroyed, or stolen, the claimant may assert rights with respect to the check either under this section or section 3309.
History:
Add. 1993, Act 130, Eff. Sept. 30, 1993 ;-- Am. 2014, Act 101, Imd. Eff. Apr. 10, 2014