reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 6 - (552.2601...552.2616) › 255-2015-6-3 - Part 3 (552.2609...552.2614) › 255-2015-6-3-REGISTRATION-AND-MODIFICATION-OF-CHILD-SUPPORT-ORDE - Registration and Modification of Child-Support Order of Another State (552.2609...552.2614) › Section 552.2612 - Modification of Child-Support Order by Tribunal of Another State.

552.2612 Modification of child-support order by tribunal of another state.
Sec. 612.
If a child-support order issued by a tribunal of this state is modified by a tribunal of another state that assumed jurisdiction under the uniform interstate family support act, all of the following apply:
(a) A tribunal of this state may enforce its order that was modified only as to arrears and interest accruing before the modification.
(b) A tribunal of this state may provide appropriate relief for violations of its order that occurred before the effective date of the modification.
(c) A tribunal of this state shall recognize the modifying order of the other state, upon registration, for the purpose of enforcement.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 6 - (552.2601...552.2616) › 255-2015-6-3 - Part 3 (552.2609...552.2614) › 255-2015-6-3-REGISTRATION-AND-MODIFICATION-OF-CHILD-SUPPORT-ORDE - Registration and Modification of Child-Support Order of Another State (552.2609...552.2614) › Section 552.2613 - Child Not Resident of Issuing State; Jurisdiction.

552.2613 Child not resident of issuing state; jurisdiction.
Sec. 613.
(1) If all of the parties who are individuals reside in this state and the child does not reside in the issuing state, a tribunal of this state has jurisdiction to enforce and to modify the issuing state's child-support order in a proceeding to register that order.
(2) A tribunal of this state exercising jurisdiction under this section shall apply the provisions of articles 1 and 2, this article, and the procedural and substantive law of this state to the proceeding for enforcement or modification. Articles 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8 do not apply.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 6 - (552.2601...552.2616) › 255-2015-6-3 - Part 3 (552.2609...552.2614) › 255-2015-6-3-REGISTRATION-AND-MODIFICATION-OF-CHILD-SUPPORT-ORDE - Registration and Modification of Child-Support Order of Another State (552.2609...552.2614) › Section 552.2614 - Issuance of Modified Child-Support Order; Failure to File With Issuing Tribunal.

552.2614 Issuance of modified child-support order; failure to file with issuing tribunal.
Sec. 614.
Within 30 days after issuance of a modified child-support order, the party obtaining the modification shall file a certified copy of the order with the issuing tribunal that had continuing, exclusive jurisdiction over the earlier order, and in each tribunal in which the party knows the earlier order has been registered. A party who obtains the order and fails to file a certified copy is subject to appropriate sanctions by a tribunal in which the issue of failure to file arises. The failure to file does not affect the validity or enforceability of the modified order of the new tribunal having continuing, exclusive jurisdiction.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 6 - (552.2601...552.2616) › 255-2015-6-4 - Part 4 (552.2615...552.2616) › 255-2015-6-4-REGISTRATION-AND-MODIFICATION-OF-FOREIGN-CHILD-SUPP - Registration and Modification of Foreign Child-Support Order (552.2615...552.2616) › Section 552.2615 - Modification of Foreign Child-Support Order.

552.2615 Modification of foreign child-support order.
Sec. 615.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in section 711, if a foreign country lacks or refuses to exercise jurisdiction to modify its child-support order according to its laws, a tribunal of this state may assume jurisdiction to modify the child-support order and bind all individuals subject to the personal jurisdiction of the tribunal whether the consent to modification of a child-support order otherwise required of the individual under section 611 has been given or whether the individual seeking modification is a resident of this state or of the foreign country.
(2) An order issued by a tribunal of this state modifying a foreign child-support order under this section is the controlling order.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 6 - (552.2601...552.2616) › 255-2015-6-4 - Part 4 (552.2615...552.2616) › 255-2015-6-4-REGISTRATION-AND-MODIFICATION-OF-FOREIGN-CHILD-SUPP - Registration and Modification of Foreign Child-Support Order (552.2615...552.2616) › Section 552.2616 - Modification of Foreign Child-Support Order; Registration; Petition.

552.2616 Modification of foreign child-support order; registration; petition.
Sec. 616.
A party or support enforcement agency seeking to modify, or to modify and enforce, a foreign child-support order not under the Convention may register that order in this state under sections 601 through 608 if the order has not been registered. A petition for modification may be filed at the same time as a request for registration or at another time. The petition must specify the grounds for modification.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 7 - (552.2701...552.2713) › 255-2015-7-SUPPORT-PROCEEDING-UNDER-CONVENTION - Support Proceeding Under Convention (552.2701...552.2713) › Section 552.2701 - Definitions.

552.2701 Definitions.
Sec. 701.
As used in this article:
(a) "Application" means a request under the Convention by an obligee or obligor, or on behalf of a child, made through a central authority for assistance from another central authority.
(b) "Central authority" means the entity designated by the United States or a foreign country described in section 102(e)(iv) to perform the functions specified in the Convention.
(c) "Convention support order" means a support order of a tribunal of a foreign country described in section 102(e)(iv).
(d) "Direct request" means a petition filed by an individual in a tribunal of this state in a proceeding involving an obligee, obligor, or child residing outside the United States.
(e) "Foreign central authority" means the entity designated by a foreign country described in section 102(e)(iv) to perform the functions specified in the Convention.
(f) "Foreign support agreement" means an agreement for support in a record that is enforceable as a support order in the country of origin, has been formally drawn up or registered as an authentic instrument by a foreign tribunal, has been authenticated by, or concluded, registered, or filed with, a foreign tribunal, and may be reviewed and modified by a foreign tribunal. Foreign support agreement includes a maintenance arrangement or authentic instrument under the Convention.
(g) "United States central authority" means the Secretary of the United States Department of Health and Human Services.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 7 - (552.2701...552.2713) › 255-2015-7-SUPPORT-PROCEEDING-UNDER-CONVENTION - Support Proceeding Under Convention (552.2701...552.2713) › Section 552.2702 - Applicability of Article; Inconsistent Provisions.

552.2702 Applicability of article; inconsistent provisions.
Sec. 702.
This article applies only to a support proceeding under the Convention. In such a proceeding, if a provision of this article is inconsistent with articles 1 through 6, this article controls.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 7 - (552.2701...552.2713) › 255-2015-7-SUPPORT-PROCEEDING-UNDER-CONVENTION - Support Proceeding Under Convention (552.2701...552.2713) › Section 552.2703 - Office of Child Support as Designated Agency.

552.2703 Office of child support as designated agency.
Sec. 703.
The office of child support is recognized as the agency designated by the United States central authority to perform specific functions under the Convention.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 7 - (552.2701...552.2713) › 255-2015-7-SUPPORT-PROCEEDING-UNDER-CONVENTION - Support Proceeding Under Convention (552.2701...552.2713) › Section 552.2704 - Office of Child Support; Duties; Available Proceedings; Security, Bond, or Deposit as Payment Guarantee Prohibited.

552.2704 Office of child support; duties; available proceedings; security, bond, or deposit as payment guarantee prohibited.
Sec. 704.
(1) In a support proceeding under this article, the office of child support of this state shall do the following:
(a) Transmit and receive applications.
(b) Initiate or facilitate the institution of a proceeding regarding an application in a tribunal of this state.
(2) The following support proceedings are available to an obligee under the Convention:
(a) Recognition or recognition and enforcement of a foreign support order.
(b) Enforcement of a support order issued or recognized in this state.
(c) Establishment of a support order if there is no existing order, including, if necessary, determination of parentage of a child.
(d) Establishment of a support order if recognition of a foreign support order is refused under section 708(2)(b), (d), or (i).
(e) Modification of a support order of a tribunal of this state.
(f) Modification of a support order of a tribunal of another state or a foreign country.
(3) The following support proceedings are available under the Convention to an obligor against which there is an existing support order:
(a) Recognition of an order suspending or limiting enforcement of an existing support order of a tribunal of this state.
(b) Modification of a support order of a tribunal of this state.
(c) Modification of a support order of a tribunal of another state or a foreign country.
(4) A tribunal of this state may not require security, bond, or deposit, however described, to guarantee the payment of costs and expenses in proceedings under the Convention.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 7 - (552.2701...552.2713) › 255-2015-7-SUPPORT-PROCEEDING-UNDER-CONVENTION - Support Proceeding Under Convention (552.2701...552.2713) › Section 552.2705 - Support Order; Direct Request.

552.2705 Support order; direct request.
Sec. 705.
(1) A petitioner may file a direct request seeking establishment or modification of a support order or determination of parentage of a child. In the proceeding, the law of this state applies.
(2) A petitioner may file a direct request seeking recognition and enforcement of a support order or support agreement. In the proceeding, sections 706 through 713 apply.
(3) In a direct request for recognition and enforcement of a Convention support order or foreign support agreement, the following apply:
(a) A security, bond, or deposit is not required to guarantee the payment of costs and expenses.
(b) An obligee or obligor that in the issuing country has benefited from free legal assistance is entitled to benefit, at least to the same extent, from any free legal assistance provided for by the law of this state under the same circumstances.
(4) A petitioner filing a direct request is not entitled to assistance from the office of child support.
(5) This article does not prevent the application of laws of this state that provide simplified, more expeditious rules regarding a direct request for recognition and enforcement of a foreign support order or foreign support agreement.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 7 - (552.2701...552.2713) › 255-2015-7-SUPPORT-PROCEEDING-UNDER-CONVENTION - Support Proceeding Under Convention (552.2701...552.2713) › Section 552.2706 - Convention Support Order; Registration.

552.2706 Convention support order; registration.
Sec. 706.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in this article, a party who is an individual or a support enforcement agency seeking recognition of a Convention support order shall register the order in this state as provided in article 6.
(2) Notwithstanding sections 311 and 602(1), a request for registration of a Convention support order must be accompanied by the following:
(a) A complete text of the support order or an abstract or extract of the support order drawn up by the issuing foreign tribunal, which may be in the form recommended by the Hague Conference on Private International Law.
(b) A record stating that the support order is enforceable in the issuing country.
(c) If the respondent did not appear and was not represented in the proceedings in the issuing country, a record attesting, as appropriate, either that the respondent had proper notice of the proceedings and an opportunity to be heard or that the respondent had proper notice of the support order and an opportunity to be heard in a challenge or appeal on fact or law before a tribunal.
(d) A record showing the amount of arrears, if any, and the date the amount was calculated.
(e) A record showing a requirement for automatic adjustment of the amount of support, if any, and the information necessary to make the appropriate calculations.
(f) If necessary, a record showing the extent to which the applicant received free legal assistance in the issuing country.
(3) A request for registration of a Convention support order may seek recognition and partial enforcement of the order.
(4) A tribunal of this state may vacate the registration of a Convention support order without the filing of a contest under section 707 only if, acting on its own motion, the tribunal finds that recognition and enforcement of the order would be manifestly incompatible with public policy.
(5) The tribunal shall promptly notify the parties of the registration or the order vacating the registration of a Convention support order.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 7 - (552.2701...552.2713) › 255-2015-7-SUPPORT-PROCEEDING-UNDER-CONVENTION - Support Proceeding Under Convention (552.2701...552.2713) › Section 552.2707 - Contesting Registered Convention Support Order.

552.2707 Contesting registered Convention support order.
Sec. 707.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in this article, sections 605 through 608 apply to a contest of a registered Convention support order.
(2) A party contesting a registered Convention support order shall file a contest not later than 30 days after notice of the registration, but if the contesting party does not reside in the United States, the contest must be filed not later than 60 days after notice of the registration.
(3) If the nonregistering party fails to contest the registered Convention support order by the time specified in subsection (2), the order is enforceable.
(4) A contest of a registered Convention support order may be based only on grounds set forth in section 708. The contesting party bears the burden of proof.
(5) In a contest of a registered Convention support order, the following apply:
(a) A tribunal of this state is bound by the findings of fact on which the foreign tribunal based its jurisdiction.
(b) A tribunal of this state may not review the merits of the order.
(6) A tribunal of this state deciding a contest of a registered Convention support order shall promptly notify the parties of its decision.
(7) A challenge or appeal, if any, does not stay the enforcement of a Convention support order unless there are exceptional circumstances.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 7 - (552.2701...552.2713) › 255-2015-7-SUPPORT-PROCEEDING-UNDER-CONVENTION - Support Proceeding Under Convention (552.2701...552.2713) › Section 552.2708 - Recognition and Enforcement of Registered Convention Support Order; Grounds for Refusal; Effect.

552.2708 Recognition and enforcement of registered Convention support order; grounds for refusal; effect.
Sec. 708.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (2), a tribunal of this state shall recognize and enforce a registered Convention support order.
(2) The following grounds are the only grounds on which a tribunal of this state may refuse recognition and enforcement of a registered Convention support order:
(a) Recognition and enforcement of the order is manifestly incompatible with public policy, including the failure of the issuing tribunal to observe minimum standards of due process, which include notice and an opportunity to be heard.
(b) The issuing tribunal lacked personal jurisdiction consistent with section 201.
(c) The order is not enforceable in the issuing country.
(d) The order was obtained by fraud in connection with a matter of procedure.
(e) A record transmitted in accordance with section 706 lacks authenticity or integrity.
(f) A proceeding between the same parties and having the same purpose is pending before a tribunal of this state, and that proceeding was the first to be filed.
(g) The order is incompatible with a more recent support order involving the same parties and having the same purpose if the more recent support order is entitled to recognition and enforcement under this act in this state.
(h) Payment, to the extent alleged arrears have been paid in whole or in part.
(i) In a case in which the respondent neither appeared nor was represented in the proceeding in the issuing foreign country, 1 of the following applies:
(i) If the law of that country provides for prior notice of proceedings, the respondent did not have proper notice of the proceedings and an opportunity to be heard.
(ii) If the law of that country does not provide for prior notice of the proceedings, the respondent did not have proper notice of the order and an opportunity to be heard in a challenge or appeal on fact or law before a tribunal.
(j) The order was made in violation of section 711.
(3) If a tribunal of this state does not recognize a Convention support order under subsection (2)(b), (d), or (i), the following apply:
(a) The tribunal may not dismiss the proceeding without allowing a reasonable time for a party to request the establishment of a new Convention support order.
(b) The office of child support shall take all appropriate measures to request a child-support order for the obligee if the application for recognition and enforcement was received under section 704.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 7 - (552.2701...552.2713) › 255-2015-7-SUPPORT-PROCEEDING-UNDER-CONVENTION - Support Proceeding Under Convention (552.2701...552.2713) › Section 552.2709 - Enforcement of Severable Part of Order.

552.2709 Enforcement of severable part of order.
Sec. 709.
If a tribunal of this state does not recognize and enforce a Convention support order in its entirety, it shall enforce any severable part of the order. An application or direct request may seek recognition and partial enforcement of a Convention support order.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 7 - (552.2701...552.2713) › 255-2015-7-SUPPORT-PROCEEDING-UNDER-CONVENTION - Support Proceeding Under Convention (552.2701...552.2713) › Section 552.2710 - Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Support Agreement Registered in This State.

552.2710 Recognition and enforcement of foreign support agreement registered in this state.
Sec. 710.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (3) and (4), a tribunal of this state shall recognize and enforce a foreign support agreement registered in this state.
(2) An application or direct request for recognition and enforcement of a foreign support agreement must be accompanied by the following:
(a) A complete text of the foreign support agreement.
(b) A record stating that the foreign support agreement is enforceable as an order of support in the issuing country.
(3) A tribunal of this state may vacate the registration of a foreign support agreement only if, acting on its own motion, the tribunal finds that recognition and enforcement would be manifestly incompatible with public policy.
(4) In a contest of a foreign support agreement, a tribunal of this state may refuse recognition and enforcement of the agreement if it finds the following:
(a) Recognition and enforcement of the agreement is manifestly incompatible with public policy.
(b) The agreement was obtained by fraud or falsification.
(c) The agreement is incompatible with a support order involving the same parties and having the same purpose in this state, another state, or a foreign country if the support order is entitled to recognition and enforcement under this act in this state.
(d) The record submitted under subsection (2) lacks authenticity or integrity.
(5) A proceeding for recognition and enforcement of a foreign support agreement must be suspended during the pendency of a challenge to or appeal of the agreement before a tribunal of another state or a foreign country.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 7 - (552.2701...552.2713) › 255-2015-7-SUPPORT-PROCEEDING-UNDER-CONVENTION - Support Proceeding Under Convention (552.2701...552.2713) › Section 552.2711 - Modification of Foreign Convention Child-Support Order.

552.2711 Modification of foreign Convention child-support order.
Sec. 711.
(1) A tribunal of this state may not modify a Convention child-support order if the obligee remains a resident of the foreign country where the support order was issued unless 1 of the following applies:
(a) The obligee submits to the jurisdiction of a tribunal of this state, either expressly or by defending on the merits of the case without objecting to the jurisdiction at the first available opportunity.
(b) The foreign tribunal lacks or refuses to exercise jurisdiction to modify its support order or issue a new support order.
(2) If a tribunal of this state does not modify a Convention child-support order because the order is not recognized in this state, section 708(3) applies.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 7 - (552.2701...552.2713) › 255-2015-7-SUPPORT-PROCEEDING-UNDER-CONVENTION - Support Proceeding Under Convention (552.2701...552.2713) › Section 552.2712 - Use of Personal Information.

552.2712 Use of personal information.
Sec. 712.
Personal information gathered or transmitted under this article may be used only for the purposes for which it was gathered or transmitted.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 7 - (552.2701...552.2713) › 255-2015-7-SUPPORT-PROCEEDING-UNDER-CONVENTION - Support Proceeding Under Convention (552.2701...552.2713) › Section 552.2713 - Filing of Record in Original Language; English Translation.

552.2713 Filing of record in original language; English translation.
Sec. 713.
A record filed with a tribunal of this state under this article must be in the original language and, if not in English, must be accompanied by an English translation.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 8 - (552.2801...552.2802) › 255-2015-8-INTERSTATE-RENDITION - Interstate Rendition (552.2801...552.2802) › Section 552.2801 - "Governor" Defined; Authority; Extradition.

552.2801 "Governor" defined; authority; extradition.
Sec. 801.
(1) For purposes of this article, "governor" includes an individual performing the functions of governor or the executive authority of a state covered by this act.
(2) The governor of this state may do the following:
(a) Demand that the governor of another state surrender an individual found in the other state who is charged criminally in this state with having failed to provide for the support of an obligee.
(b) On the demand of the governor of another state, surrender an individual found in this state who is charged criminally in the other state with having failed to provide for the support of an obligee.
(3) A provision for extradition of individuals not inconsistent with this act applies to the demand even if the individual whose surrender is demanded was not in the demanding state when the crime was allegedly committed and has not fled therefrom.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 8 - (552.2801...552.2802) › 255-2015-8-INTERSTATE-RENDITION - Interstate Rendition (552.2801...552.2802) › Section 552.2802 - Individual Charged Criminally With Failing to Provide Support; Surrender.

552.2802 Individual charged criminally with failing to provide support; surrender.
Sec. 802.
(1) Before making a demand that the governor of another state surrender an individual charged criminally in this state with having failed to provide for the support of an obligee, the governor of this state may require a prosecutor of this state to demonstrate that at least 60 days previously the obligee had initiated proceedings for support under this act or that the proceeding would be of no avail.
(2) If, under this act or a law substantially similar to this act, the governor of another state makes a demand that the governor of this state surrender an individual charged criminally in that state with having failed to provide for the support of a child or other individual to whom a duty of support is owed, the governor may require a prosecutor to investigate the demand and report whether a proceeding for support has been initiated or would be effective. If it appears that a proceeding would be effective but has not been initiated, the governor may delay honoring the demand for a reasonable time to permit the initiation of a proceeding.
(3) If a proceeding for support has been initiated and the individual whose rendition is demanded prevails, the governor may decline to honor the demand. If the petitioner prevails and the individual whose rendition is demanded is subject to a support order, the governor may decline to honor the demand if the individual is complying with the support order.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 9 - (552.2901...552.2905) › 255-2015-9-MISCELLANEOUS-PROVISIONS - Miscellaneous Provisions (552.2901...552.2905) › Section 552.2901 - Application and Construction of Act.

552.2901 Application and construction of act.
Sec. 901.
In applying and construing this uniform act, consideration must be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact it.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 9 - (552.2901...552.2905) › 255-2015-9-MISCELLANEOUS-PROVISIONS - Miscellaneous Provisions (552.2901...552.2905) › Section 552.2902 - Applicability of Act to Proceedings Begun on or After Effective Date of Act.

552.2902 Applicability of act to proceedings begun on or after effective date of act.
Sec. 902.
This act applies to proceedings begun on or after the effective date of this act to establish a support order or determine parentage of a child or to register, recognize, enforce, or modify a prior support order, determination, or agreement, whenever issued or entered.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 9 - (552.2901...552.2905) › 255-2015-9-MISCELLANEOUS-PROVISIONS - Miscellaneous Provisions (552.2901...552.2905) › Section 552.2903 - Severability.

552.2903 Severability.
Sec. 903.
If any provision of this act or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of this act which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this act are severable.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 9 - (552.2901...552.2905) › 255-2015-9-MISCELLANEOUS-PROVISIONS - Miscellaneous Provisions (552.2901...552.2905) › Section 552.2904 - Repeal of MCL 552.1101 to 552.1901.

552.2904 Repeal of MCL 552.1101 to 552.1901.
Sec. 904.
The uniform interstate family support act, 1996 PA 310, MCL 552.1101 to 552.1901, is repealed.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 552 - Divorce › Act 255 of 2015 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (552.2101 - 552.2905) › Article 9 - (552.2901...552.2905) › 255-2015-9-MISCELLANEOUS-PROVISIONS - Miscellaneous Provisions (552.2901...552.2905) › Section 552.2905 - Effective Date.

552.2905 Effective date.
Sec. 905.
This act takes effect January 1, 2016.
History:
2015, Act 255, Eff. Jan. 1, 2016
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 554 - Real and Personal Property › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (554.1 - 554.46) › R-S-1846-554-1-62 - Chapter 62 Chapter 62. of the Nature and Qualities of Estates in Real and Personal Property, and the Alienation Thereof. (554.1...554.46) › Section 554.1 - Estates in Lands; Kinds as Respects Length of Enjoyment.

554.1 Estates in lands; kinds as respects length of enjoyment.
Sec. 1.
Estates in lands are divided into estates of inheritance, estates for life, estates for years, and estates at will and by sufferance.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 62 ;-- CL 1857, 2585 ;-- CL 1871, 4068 ;-- How. 5517 ;-- CL 1897, 8783 ;-- CL 1915, 11519 ;-- CL 1929, 12921 ;-- CL 1948, 554.1
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 554 - Real and Personal Property › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (554.1 - 554.46) › R-S-1846-554-1-62 - Chapter 62 Chapter 62. of the Nature and Qualities of Estates in Real and Personal Property, and the Alienation Thereof. (554.1...554.46) › Section 554.2 - Estate of Inheritance; Fee Simple.

554.2 Estate of inheritance; fee simple.
Sec. 2.
Every estate of inheritance shall continue to be termed a fee simple, or fee; and every such estate, when not defeasible or conditional, shall be a fee simple absolute, or an absolute fee.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 62 ;-- CL 1857, 2586 ;-- CL 1871, 4069 ;-- How. 5518 ;-- CL 1897, 8784 ;-- CL 1915, 11520 ;-- CL 1929, 12922 ;-- CL 1948, 554.2
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 554 - Real and Personal Property › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (554.1 - 554.46) › R-S-1846-554-1-62 - Chapter 62 Chapter 62. of the Nature and Qualities of Estates in Real and Personal Property, and the Alienation Thereof. (554.1...554.46) › Section 554.3 - Estate of Inheritance; Fee Tail; Abolition, Declaration as Fee Simple.

554.3 Estate of inheritance; fee tail; abolition, declaration as fee simple.
Sec. 3.
All estates tail are abolished, and every estate which would be adjudged a fee tail, according to the law of the territory of Michigan, as it existed before the second day of March, 1821, shall for all purposes be adjudged a fee simple; and if no valid remainder be limited thereon, shall be a fee simple absolute.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 62 ;-- CL 1857, 2587 ;-- CL 1871, 4070 ;-- How. 5519 ;-- CL 1897, 8785 ;-- CL 1915, 11521 ;-- CL 1929, 12923 ;-- CL 1948, 554.3
Former Law:
See Act of March 2, 1821; Code of 1820, p. 393; 1 Terr. Laws 815; and Revision of 1827, p. 261.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 554 - Real and Personal Property › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (554.1 - 554.46) › R-S-1846-554-1-62 - Chapter 62 Chapter 62. of the Nature and Qualities of Estates in Real and Personal Property, and the Alienation Thereof. (554.1...554.46) › Section 554.4 - Estate of Inheritance; Remainder in Fee After a Fee Tail; Validity.

554.4 Estate of inheritance; remainder in fee after a fee tail; validity.
Sec. 4.
When a remainder in fee shall be limited upon any estate which would be adjudged a fee tail according to the law of the territory of Michigan as it existed previous to the time mentioned in the preceding section, such remainder shall be valid as a contingent limitation upon a fee, and shall vest in possession, on the death of the first taker, without issue living at the time of such death.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 62 ;-- CL 1857, 2588 ;-- CL 1871, 4071 ;-- How. 5520 ;-- CL 1897, 8786 ;-- CL 1915, 11522 ;-- CL 1929, 12924 ;-- CL 1948, 554.4
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 554 - Real and Personal Property › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (554.1 - 554.46) › R-S-1846-554-1-62 - Chapter 62 Chapter 62. of the Nature and Qualities of Estates in Real and Personal Property, and the Alienation Thereof. (554.1...554.46) › Section 554.5 - Freehold Estates; Chattels Real; Chattel Interests.

554.5 Freehold estates; chattels real; chattel interests.
Sec. 5.
Estates of inheritance and for life shall be denominated estates of freehold; estates for years shall be denominated chattels real; and estates at will or by sufferance shall be chattel interests, but shall not be liable as such to sale on executions.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 62 ;-- CL 1857, 2589 ;-- CL 1871, 4072 ;-- How. 5521 ;-- CL 1897, 8787 ;-- CL 1915, 11523 ;-- CL 1929, 12925 ;-- CL 1948, 554.5
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 554 - Real and Personal Property › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (554.1 - 554.46) › R-S-1846-554-1-62 - Chapter 62 Chapter 62. of the Nature and Qualities of Estates in Real and Personal Property, and the Alienation Thereof. (554.1...554.46) › Section 554.6 - Estate for Life of Another; Nature.

554.6 Estate for life of another; nature.
Sec. 6.
An estate for the life of a third person, whether limited to heirs or otherwise, shall be deemed a freehold only during the life of the grantee or devisee, but after his death it shall be deemed a chattel real.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 62 ;-- CL 1857, 2590 ;-- CL 1871, 4073 ;-- How. 5522 ;-- CL 1897, 8788 ;-- CL 1915, 11524 ;-- CL 1929, 12926 ;-- CL 1948, 554.6
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 554 - Real and Personal Property › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (554.1 - 554.46) › R-S-1846-554-1-62 - Chapter 62 Chapter 62. of the Nature and Qualities of Estates in Real and Personal Property, and the Alienation Thereof. (554.1...554.46) › Section 554.7 - Estates in Land; Kinds as Respects Time of Enjoyment.

554.7 Estates in land; kinds as respects time of enjoyment.
Sec. 7.
Estates, as respects the time of their enjoyment, are divided into estates in possession, and estates in expectancy.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 62 ;-- CL 1857, 2591 ;-- CL 1871, 4074 ;-- How. 5523 ;-- CL 1897, 8789 ;-- CL 1915, 11525 ;-- CL 1929, 12927 ;-- CL 1948, 554.7
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 554 - Real and Personal Property › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (554.1 - 554.46) › R-S-1846-554-1-62 - Chapter 62 Chapter 62. of the Nature and Qualities of Estates in Real and Personal Property, and the Alienation Thereof. (554.1...554.46) › Section 554.8 - Estates in Possession and in Expectancy; Definition.

554.8 Estates in possession and in expectancy; definition.
Sec. 8.
An estate in possession, is where the owner has an immediate right to the possession of the land; an estate in expectancy is where the right to the possession is postponed to a future period.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 62 ;-- CL 1857, 2592 ;-- CL 1871, 4075 ;-- How. 5524 ;-- CL 1897, 8790 ;-- CL 1915, 11526 ;-- CL 1929, 12928 ;-- CL 1948, 554.8
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 554 - Real and Personal Property › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (554.1 - 554.46) › R-S-1846-554-1-62 - Chapter 62 Chapter 62. of the Nature and Qualities of Estates in Real and Personal Property, and the Alienation Thereof. (554.1...554.46) › Section 554.9 - Estates in Expectancy; Classifications.

554.9 Estates in expectancy; classifications.
Sec. 9.
Estates in expectancy are divided into,
First. Estates commencing at a future day, denominated future estates; and,
Second. Reversions.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 62 ;-- CL 1857, 2593 ;-- CL 1871, 4076 ;-- How. 5525 ;-- CL 1897, 8791 ;-- CL 1915, 11527 ;-- CL 1929, 12929 ;-- CL 1948, 554.9
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 554 - Real and Personal Property › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (554.1 - 554.46) › R-S-1846-554-1-62 - Chapter 62 Chapter 62. of the Nature and Qualities of Estates in Real and Personal Property, and the Alienation Thereof. (554.1...554.46) › Section 554.10 - Future Estate; Definition.

554.10 Future estate; definition.
Sec. 10.
A future estate is an estate limited to commence in possession at a future day, either without the intervention of a precedent estate, or on the determination, by lapse of time or otherwise, of a precedent estate, created at the same time.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 62 ;-- CL 1857, 2594 ;-- CL 1871, 4077 ;-- How. 5526 ;-- CL 1897, 8792 ;-- CL 1915, 11528 ;-- CL 1929, 12930 ;-- CL 1948, 554.10
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 554 - Real and Personal Property › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (554.1 - 554.46) › R-S-1846-554-1-62 - Chapter 62 Chapter 62. of the Nature and Qualities of Estates in Real and Personal Property, and the Alienation Thereof. (554.1...554.46) › Section 554.11 - Future Estate; Remainder.

554.11 Future estate; remainder.
Sec. 11.
When a future estate is dependent upon a precedent estate, it may be termed a remainder, and may be created and transferred by that name.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 62 ;-- CL 1857, 2595 ;-- CL 1871, 4078 ;-- How. 5527 ;-- CL 1897, 8793 ;-- CL 1915, 11529 ;-- CL 1929, 12931 ;-- CL 1948, 554.11
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 554 - Real and Personal Property › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (554.1 - 554.46) › R-S-1846-554-1-62 - Chapter 62 Chapter 62. of the Nature and Qualities of Estates in Real and Personal Property, and the Alienation Thereof. (554.1...554.46) › Section 554.12 - Reversion; Definition.

554.12 Reversion; definition.
Sec. 12.
A reversion is the residue of an estate left in the grantor or his heirs, or in the heirs of a testator, commencing in possession on the determination of a particular estate granted or devised.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 62 ;-- CL 1857, 2596 ;-- CL 1871, 4079 ;-- How. 5528 ;-- CL 1897, 8794 ;-- CL 1915, 11530 ;-- CL 1929, 12932 ;-- CL 1948, 554.12
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 554 - Real and Personal Property › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (554.1 - 554.46) › R-S-1846-554-1-62 - Chapter 62 Chapter 62. of the Nature and Qualities of Estates in Real and Personal Property, and the Alienation Thereof. (554.1...554.46) › Section 554.13 - Future Estates; Classifications, Definitions.

554.13 Future estates; classifications, definitions.
Sec. 13.
Future estates are either vested or contingent:
They are vested when there is a person in being who would have an immediate right to the possession of the lands, upon the ceasing of the intermediate or precedent estate.
They are contingent whilst the person to whom, or the event upon which they are limited to take effect remains uncertain.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 62 ;-- CL 1857, 2597 ;-- CL 1871, 4080 ;-- How. 5529 ;-- CL 1897, 8795 ;-- CL 1915, 11531 ;-- CL 1929, 12933 ;-- CL 1948, 554.13
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 554 - Real and Personal Property › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (554.1 - 554.46) › R-S-1846-554-1-62 - Chapter 62 Chapter 62. of the Nature and Qualities of Estates in Real and Personal Property, and the Alienation Thereof. (554.1...554.46) › Section 554.14-554.20 - Repealed. 1949, Act 38, Eff. Sept. 23, 1949.

554.14-554.20 Repealed. 1949, Act 38, Eff. Sept. 23, 1949.
Compiler's Notes:
The repealed sections pertained to suspension of power of alienation; contingent remainder in fee on prior remainder in fee; successive life estates; remainders upon certain life estates; and contingent remainder on terms for years.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 554 - Real and Personal Property › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (554.1 - 554.46) › R-S-1846-554-1-62 - Chapter 62 Chapter 62. of the Nature and Qualities of Estates in Real and Personal Property, and the Alienation Thereof. (554.1...554.46) › Section 554.21 - Repealed. 1988, Act 417, Imd. Eff. Dec. 27, 1988.

554.21 Repealed. 1988, Act 417, Imd. Eff. Dec. 27, 1988.
Compiler's Notes:
The repealed section pertained to life estates.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 554 - Real and Personal Property › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (554.1 - 554.46) › R-S-1846-554-1-62 - Chapter 62 Chapter 62. of the Nature and Qualities of Estates in Real and Personal Property, and the Alienation Thereof. (554.1...554.46) › Section 554.22 - Heirs and Issue; Construction as Used in Remainders.

554.22 Heirs and issue; construction as used in remainders.
Sec. 22.
When a remainder shall be limited to take effect on the death of any person without heirs, or heirs of his body, or without issue, the words "heirs" or "issues" shall be construed to mean heirs or issue living at the death of the person named as ancestor.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 62 ;-- CL 1857, 2606 ;-- CL 1871, 4089 ;-- How. 5538 ;-- CL 1897, 8804 ;-- CL 1915, 11540 ;-- CL 1929, 12942 ;-- CL 1948, 554.22
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 554 - Real and Personal Property › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (554.1 - 554.46) › R-S-1846-554-1-62 - Chapter 62 Chapter 62. of the Nature and Qualities of Estates in Real and Personal Property, and the Alienation Thereof. (554.1...554.46) › Section 554.23 - Repealed. 1949, Act 38, Eff. Sept. 23, 1949.

554.23 Repealed. 1949, Act 38, Eff. Sept. 23, 1949.
Compiler's Notes:
The repealed section pertained to limitations of chattels real.
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 554 - Real and Personal Property › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (554.1 - 554.46) › R-S-1846-554-1-62 - Chapter 62 Chapter 62. of the Nature and Qualities of Estates in Real and Personal Property, and the Alienation Thereof. (554.1...554.46) › Section 554.24 - Estates to Commence in Future; Estates in Term for Years.

554.24 Estates to commence in future; estates in term for years.
Sec. 24.
Subject to the rules established in the preceding sections of this chapter, a freehold estate, as well as a chattel real, may be created to commence at a future day, an estate for life may be created in a term of years, and a remainder limited thereon.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 62 ;-- CL 1857, 2608 ;-- CL 1871, 4091 ;-- How. 5540 ;-- CL 1897, 8806 ;-- CL 1915, 11542 ;-- CL 1929, 12944 ;-- CL 1948, 554.24
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 554 - Real and Personal Property › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (554.1 - 554.46) › R-S-1846-554-1-62 - Chapter 62 Chapter 62. of the Nature and Qualities of Estates in Real and Personal Property, and the Alienation Thereof. (554.1...554.46) › Section 554.25 - Alternative Future Estates.

554.25 Alternative future estates.
Sec. 25.
Two or more future estates may also be created to take effect in the alternative, so that if the first in order should fail to vest, the next in succession shall be substituted for it, and take effect accordingly.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 62 ;-- CL 1857, 2609 ;-- CL 1871, 4092 ;-- How. 5541 ;-- CL 1897, 8807 ;-- CL 1915, 11543 ;-- CL 1929, 12945 ;-- CL 1948, 554.25
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 554 - Real and Personal Property › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (554.1 - 554.46) › R-S-1846-554-1-62 - Chapter 62 Chapter 62. of the Nature and Qualities of Estates in Real and Personal Property, and the Alienation Thereof. (554.1...554.46) › Section 554.26 - Future Estates; Validity as Affected by Probability of Contingency.

554.26 Future estates; validity as affected by probability of contingency.
Sec. 26.
No future estate, otherwise valid, shall be void on the ground of the probability or improbability of the contingency on which it is limited to take effect.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 62 ;-- CL 1857, 2610 ;-- CL 1871, 4093 ;-- How. 5542 ;-- CL 1897, 8808 ;-- CL 1915, 11544 ;-- CL 1929, 12946 ;-- CL 1948, 554.26
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 554 - Real and Personal Property › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (554.1 - 554.46) › R-S-1846-554-1-62 - Chapter 62 Chapter 62. of the Nature and Qualities of Estates in Real and Personal Property, and the Alienation Thereof. (554.1...554.46) › Section 554.27 - Remainder on Contingency Defeating Prior Estate; Construction.

554.27 Remainder on contingency defeating prior estate; construction.
Sec. 27.
A remainder may be limited on a contingency, which in case it should happen, will operate to abridge or determine the precedent estate; and every such remainder shall be construed a conditional limitation and shall have the same effect as such a limitation would have by law.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 62 ;-- CL 1857, 2611 ;-- CL 1871, 4094 ;-- How. 5543 ;-- CL 1897, 8809 ;-- CL 1915, 11545 ;-- CL 1929, 12947 ;-- CL 1948, 554.27
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 554 - Real and Personal Property › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (554.1 - 554.46) › R-S-1846-554-1-62 - Chapter 62 Chapter 62. of the Nature and Qualities of Estates in Real and Personal Property, and the Alienation Thereof. (554.1...554.46) › Section 554.28 - Rule in Shelly's Case; Abolition.

554.28 Rule in Shelly's Case; abolition.
Sec. 28.
When a remainder shall be limited to the heir, or heirs of the body of a person to whom a life estate in the same premises shall be given, the persons who, on the termination of the life estate, shall be the heir, or heirs of the body of such tenant for life, shall be entitled to take as purchasers, by virtue of the remainder so limited to them.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 62 ;-- CL 1857, 2612 ;-- CL 1871, 4095 ;-- How. 5544 ;-- CL 1897, 8810 ;-- CL 1915, 11546 ;-- CL 1929, 12948 ;-- CL 1948, 554.28
2023 Michigan Compiled Laws › Chapter 554 - Real and Personal Property › R.S. of 1846 - Revised Statutes of 1846 (554.1 - 554.46) › R-S-1846-554-1-62 - Chapter 62 Chapter 62. of the Nature and Qualities of Estates in Real and Personal Property, and the Alienation Thereof. (554.1...554.46) › Section 554.29 - Remainder Not Contingency Defeating Prior Estate; Construction.

554.29 Remainder not contingency defeating prior estate; construction.
Sec. 29.
When a remainder on an estate for life, or for years, shall not be limited on a contingency, defeating or avoiding such precedent estate, it shall be construed as intended to take effect only on the death of the first taker, or the expiration, by lapse of time, of such term of years.
History:
R.S. 1846, Ch. 62 ;-- CL 1857, 2613 ;-- CL 1871, 4096 ;-- How. 5545 ;-- CL 1897, 8811 ;-- CL 1915, 11547 ;-- CL 1929, 12949 ;-- CL 1948, 554.29