reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.344A - Reported violations for failure to stop at a railroad crossing — citations.

321.344A Reported violations for failure to stop at a railroad crossing — citations.
1. The employee of a railroad who observes a violation of section 321.341, 321.342, 321.343, or 321.344 may prepare a written report on a form provided by the department of public safety indicating that a violation has occurred. The railroad employee may deliver the report not more than seventy-two hours after the violation occurred to a peace officer of the state or a peace officer of the county or municipality in which the violation occurred. The report shall state the time and the location at which the violation occurred and shall include the registration plate number and a description of the vehicle involved in the violation.
2. A peace officer may initiate an investigation not more than seven calendar days after receiving a report of a violation pursuant to this section. The peace officer may request that the owner of the vehicle supply information identifying the driver of the vehicle in accordance with section 321.484, or in the case of a commercial motor vehicle, the peace officer may request that the employer of the driver provide information identifying the driver of the vehicle.
a. If from the investigation, the peace officer is able to identify the driver of the vehicle and has reasonable cause to believe a violation has occurred, the peace officer shall prepare a uniform traffic citation for the violation and shall serve it personally or by certified mail on the driver of the vehicle.
b. If, from the investigation, the peace officer has reasonable cause to believe that a violation occurred but is unable to identify the driver, the peace officer shall serve a uniform traffic citation for the violation on the owner of the motor vehicle or, in the case of a commercial motor vehicle, on the employer of the driver. Notwithstanding section 321.484, in a proceeding where the peace officer who conducted the investigation was not able to identify the driver of the motor vehicle, proof that the motor vehicle described in the uniform traffic citation was used to commit the violation of section 321.341, 321.342, 321.343, or 321.344, together with proof that the defendant named in the citation was the owner of the motor vehicle or, in the case of a commercial motor vehicle, the employer of the driver, at the time the violation occurred, constitutes a permissible inference that the owner or employer was the person who committed the violation.
c. For purposes of this subsection, “owner” means a person who holds the legal title to a motor vehicle; however, if the motor vehicle is the subject of a security agreement with a right of possession in the debtor, the debtor shall be deemed the owner for purposes of this subsection, or if the motor vehicle is leased as defined in section 321.493, the lessee shall be deemed the owner for purposes of this subsection.
92 Acts, ch 1152, §1; 2005 Acts, ch 92, §1; 2008 Acts, ch 1021, §12
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.344B - Immediate safety threat — penalty.

321.344B Immediate safety threat — penalty.
A violation of section 321.341, 321.342, 321.343, or 321.344 which creates an immediate threat to the safety of a person or property is a simple misdemeanor punishable as a scheduled violation under section 805.8A, subsection 14, paragraph “h”.
2000 Acts, ch 1134, §2; 2001 Acts, ch 137, §5
Referred to in §805.8A(14)(h)
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.345 - Stop or yield at highways.

321.345 Stop or yield at highways.
The department, based on an engineering study, with reference to primary highways, and local authorities with reference to other highways under their jurisdiction may designate through highways and erect stop signs or yield signs, in accordance with specifications established by the department at specified entrances to the highway or may designate any intersection as a stop intersection or as a yield intersection and erect like signs at one or more entrances to such intersection.
[C27, §5079-b3, -b4; C31, 35, §5079-b3, -b4, -d3, -d4; C39, §5029.05; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.345]
Referred to in §321.347
Analogous provision, §321.253
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.346 - Cost of signs.

321.346 Cost of signs.
The cost of the signs on primary highways shall be paid out of the primary road fund. The cost of the signs on secondary roads shall be paid by the county.
[C27, §5079-b4; C31, 35, §5079-b4, -d4; C39, §5029.06; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.346]
83 Acts, ch 123, §128, 209
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.347 - Exceptions.

321.347 Exceptions.
Notwithstanding section 321.345, at intersections of through highways with boulevards or heavy traffic streets in cities, the city council, subject to the approval of the department, may determine that the through highway traffic shall come to a stop, may erect traffic-control signals, or may adopt such other means of handling the traffic as may be deemed practical and proper.
[C31, 35, §5079-c1; C39, §5029.07; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.347]
2019 Acts, ch 59, §96
Referred to in §321.349
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.348 - Limitations on cities.

321.348 Limitations on cities.
It shall be unlawful for any city to close or obstruct any street or highway which is used as the extension of a primary road within such city, except at times of fires or for the purpose of doing construction or repair work on such street or highway, or for other reasons with the consent of the department, and it shall also be unlawful for any city to erect or cause to be erected or maintained any traffic sign or signal inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter.
[C31, 35, §5079-c2; C39, §5029.08; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.348]
Referred to in §321.349
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.349 - Exceptions.

321.349 Exceptions.
The provisions of sections 321.347 and 321.348 as concerns the erection and maintenance of “stop” and “go” signals shall not apply to cities with a population of four thousand or over where said signals are situated within business districts of said city.
[C31, 35, §5079-c3; C39, §5029.09; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.349]
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.350 - Primary roads as through highways.

321.350 Primary roads as through highways.
Primary roads, and extensions of primary roads within cities are hereby designated as through highways.
[C27, 31, 35, §5079-b1; C39, §5029.10; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.350]
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.352 - Additional signs — cost.

321.352 Additional signs — cost.
The county board of supervisors shall, at places deemed by them unusually dangerous on the local county roads, furnish and erect suitable warning signs. The cost of the signs shall be paid by the county.
[C31, 35, §5079-d5; C39, §5029.12; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.352]
83 Acts, ch 123, §129, 209
Referred to in §331.362
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.353 - Stop before crossing sidewalk — right-of-way.

321.353 Stop before crossing sidewalk — right-of-way.
1. The driver of a vehicle emerging from a private roadway, alley, driveway, or building shall stop such vehicle immediately prior to driving onto the sidewalk area and thereafter the driver shall proceed into the sidewalk area only when the driver can do so without danger to pedestrian traffic and the driver shall yield the right-of-way to any vehicular traffic on the street into which the driver’s vehicle is entering.
2. The driver of a vehicle about to enter or cross a highway from a private road or driveway shall stop such vehicle immediately prior to driving on said highway and shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles approaching on said highway.
[S13, §1571-m18; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5035; C39, §5026.05, 5029.13; C46, §321.323, 321.353; C50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.353]
Referred to in §805.8A(6)(u)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 6
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.354 - Stopping on traveled way.

321.354 Stopping on traveled way.
1. A person shall not stop, park, or leave standing an attended or unattended vehicle upon any highway outside of a business district, rural residence district, or residence district as follows:
a. Upon the paved part of the highway when it is practical to stop, park, or leave the vehicle off that part of the highway, however, a clear and unobstructed width of at least twenty feet of the paved part of the highway opposite the standing vehicle shall be left for the free passage of other vehicles. As used in this subsection, “paved highway” includes an asphalt surfaced highway.
b. Upon the main traveled part of a highway other than a paved highway when it is practical to stop, park, or leave the vehicle off that part of the highway. However, a clear and unobstructed width of that part of the highway opposite the standing vehicle shall be left to allow for the free passage of other vehicles.
2. A clear view of the stopped vehicle shall be available from a distance of two hundred feet in each direction upon the highway. However, school buses may stop on the highway for receiving and discharging pupils and all other vehicles shall stop for school buses which are stopped to receive or discharge pupils, as provided in section 321.372. This section does not apply to a vehicle making a turn as provided in section 321.311. This section also does not apply to the stopping or parking of a maintenance vehicle operated by a highway authority on the main traveled way of any roadway when necessary to the function being performed and when early warning devices are properly displayed.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, §5066; C39, §5030.01; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.354]
84 Acts, ch 1022, §2; 86 Acts, ch 1056, §4; 98 Acts, ch 1075, §23; 2013 Acts, ch 90, §83
Referred to in §321.210, 321.355, 321.356, 805.8A(6)(v)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 6
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.355 - Disabled vehicle.

321.355 Disabled vehicle.
Section 321.354 shall not apply to the driver of any vehicle which is disabled while on the paved or improved or main traveled portion of a highway in such manner and to such extent that it is impossible to avoid stopping and temporarily leaving such disabled vehicle in such position.
[C39, §5030.02; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.355]
Referred to in §321.210, 321.356
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.356 - Officers authorized to remove.

321.356 Officers authorized to remove.
Whenever any peace officer finds a vehicle standing upon a highway in violation of any of the provisions of sections 321.354 and 321.355, such officer is hereby authorized to move such vehicle, or require the driver or other person in charge of the vehicle to move the same, to a position off the paved or improved or main traveled part of such highway.
[C39, §5030.03; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.356]
2009 Acts, ch 41, §117
Referred to in §321.210
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.357 - Removed from bridge.

321.357 Removed from bridge.
Whenever any peace officer finds a vehicle unattended upon any bridge or causeway or in any tunnel where such vehicle constitutes an obstruction to traffic, such officer is hereby authorized to provide for the removal of such vehicle to the nearest garage or other place of safety.
[C39, §5030.04; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.357]
Referred to in §321.210
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.358 - Stopping, standing, or parking.

321.358 Stopping, standing, or parking.
No person shall stop, stand, or park a vehicle, except when necessary to avoid conflict with other traffic or in compliance with the directions of a police officer or traffic-control device, in any of the following places:
1. On a sidewalk, except a bicycle may stop, stand, or park on a sidewalk if not prohibited by a local jurisdiction.
2. In front of a public or private driveway.
3. Within an intersection.
4. Within five feet of a fire hydrant.
5. On a crosswalk.
6. Within ten feet upon the approach to any flashing beacon, stop sign, or traffic-control signal located at the side of a roadway.
7. Between a safety zone and the adjacent curb or within ten feet of points on the curb immediately opposite the ends of a safety zone, unless any city indicates a different length by signs or markings.
8. Within fifty feet of the nearest rail of a railroad crossing, except when parked parallel with such rail and not exhibiting a red light.
9. Within twenty feet of the driveway entrance to any fire station and on the side of a street opposite the entrance to any fire station within seventy-five feet of said entrance when properly signposted.
10. Alongside or opposite any street excavation or obstruction when such stopping, standing, or parking would obstruct traffic.
11. On the roadway side of any vehicle stopped or parked at the edge or curb of a street.
12. Upon any bridge or other elevated structure upon a highway outside of cities or within a highway tunnel.
13. At any place where official signs prohibit stopping or parking.
14. Upon any street within the corporate limits of a city when the same is prohibited by a general ordinance of uniform application relating to removal of snow or ice from the streets.
15. In front of a curb cut or ramp which is located on public or private property in a manner which blocks access to the curb cut or ramp.
[S13, §1571-m18; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5057, 5058, 5060; C39, §5030.05; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.358]
85 Acts, ch 40, §4; 89 Acts, ch 247, §7
Referred to in §321.210, 321.359, 602.8103, 602.8106, 805.8A(1)(a)
For fines applicable to offenses charged as scheduled violations, see §805.8A, subsection 1, paragraph a
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.359 - Moving other vehicle.

321.359 Moving other vehicle.
A person shall not move a vehicle not owned by that person into any prohibited area described in section 321.358 or to a place that is an unlawful distance from a curb.
[C39, §5030.06; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.359]
2021 Acts, ch 80, §174
Referred to in §321.210
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.360 - Theaters, hotels, and auditoriums.

321.360 Theaters, hotels, and auditoriums.
A space of not to exceed fifty feet is hereby reserved at the side of the street in front of any theater, auditorium, hotel having more than twenty-five sleeping rooms, or other buildings where large assemblages of people are being held, within which space, when clearly marked as such, no motor vehicle shall be left standing, parked, or stopped except in taking on or discharging passengers or freight, and then only for such length of time as is necessary for such purpose.
[S13, §1571-m18; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5059; C39, §5030.07; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.360]
Referred to in §321.210, 602.8103, 602.8106, 805.8A(1)(a)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 1, paragraph a
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.361 - Additional parking regulations.

321.361 Additional parking regulations.
1. Except as otherwise provided in this section every vehicle stopped or parked upon a roadway where there are adjacent curbs shall be so stopped or parked with the right-hand wheels of such vehicle parallel to and within eighteen inches of the right-hand curb.
2. Local authorities may by ordinance permit parking of vehicles with the left-hand wheels adjacent to and within eighteen inches of the left-hand curb of a one-way roadway.
3. Local authorities may by ordinance permit angle or center parking on any roadway under their jurisdiction.
[S13, §1571-m18; C24, 27, 31, 35, §4997, 5056; C39, §5030.08; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.361]
Referred to in §321.210, 602.8103, 602.8106, 805.8A(1)(a)
For fines applicable to offenses charged as scheduled violations, see §805.8A, subsection 1, paragraph a
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.362 - Unattended motor vehicle.

321.362 Unattended motor vehicle.
A person driving or in charge of a motor vehicle shall not permit the vehicle to stand unattended upon any perceptible grade without effectively setting the brake and turning the front wheels to the curb or side of the highway.
[S13, §1571-m18; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5038; C39, §5031.01; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.362]
2017 Acts, ch 8, §1
Referred to in §805.8A(1)(a)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 1, paragraph a
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.363 - Obstruction to driver’s view.

321.363 Obstruction to driver’s view.
1. No person shall drive a vehicle when it is so loaded, or when there are in the front seat such number of persons, exceeding three, as to obstruct the view of the driver to the front or sides of the vehicle or as to interfere with the driver’s control over the driving mechanism of the vehicle.
2. No passenger in a vehicle shall ride in such position as to interfere with the driver’s view ahead or to the sides, or to interfere with the driver’s control over the driving mechanism of the vehicle.
[C39, §5031.02; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.363]
Referred to in §805.8A(6)(w)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 6
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.364 - Preventing contamination of food by hazardous material.

321.364 Preventing contamination of food by hazardous material.
Food intended for human consumption shall not be shipped in a vehicle or container which has been used to transport a hazardous material unless the vehicle or container has been purged of any hazardous material or the transportation is made in a manner that prevents any contact between the food and the hazardous material.
[S13, §1571-m18; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5031, 5043; C39, §5031.03; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.364]
87 Acts, ch 170, §11
Referred to in §805.8A(13)(c)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 13, paragraph c
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.365 - Coasting prohibited.

321.365 Coasting prohibited.
The driver of a motor vehicle shall not drive with the source of motive power disengaged from the driving wheels except when disengagement is necessary to stop or to shift gears.
[C39, §5031.04, 5031.05; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, §321.365, 321.366; C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.365]
87 Acts, ch 170, §12
Referred to in §805.8A(6)(x)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 6
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.366 - Acts prohibited on fully controlled-access facilities.

321.366 Acts prohibited on fully controlled-access facilities.
1. It is unlawful for a person, except a person operating highway maintenance equipment or an authorized emergency vehicle, to do any of the following on a fully controlled-access facility:
a. Drive a vehicle over, upon, or across a curb, central dividing section, or other separation or dividing line.
b. Make a left turn or a semicircular or U-turn at a maintenance cross-over where an official sign prohibits the turn.
c. Drive a vehicle except in the proper lane provided for that purpose and in the proper direction and to the right of the central dividing curb, separation, section, or line.
d. Drive a vehicle into the facility from a local service road.
e. Stop, park, or leave standing a vehicle, whether attended or unattended, upon the paved portion.
f. Stop, park, or leave standing a vehicle, whether attended or unattended, upon the shoulders, or the right-of-way except at designated rest areas or in case of an emergency or other dire necessity.
g. Operate a bicycle, skateboard, or other pedestrian conveyance or be a pedestrian anywhere on a fully controlled-access facility. For purposes of this paragraph, “pedestrian conveyance” means any human-powered device by which a pedestrian may move other than by walking or by which a walking person may move another pedestrian, including but not limited to strollers and wheelchairs.
2. For the purpose of this section, “fully controlled-access facility” is a highway which gives preference to through traffic by providing access connections at interchanges with selected public roads only and by prohibiting crossings at grade or direct access at driveway connections.
3. Violations of this section are punishable as a scheduled violation under section 805.8A, subsection 6.
[C58, 62, §306A.9; C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.366]
84 Acts, ch 1022, §8; 84 Acts, ch 1219, §27; 2000 Acts, ch 1203, §14; 2001 Acts, ch 137, §5; 2010 Acts, ch 1061, §116; 2010 Acts, ch 1190, §49; 2021 Acts, ch 183, §50, 52
Referred to in §321.210, 805.8A(6)(y)
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.366A - Immunity from civil liability for certain vehicle operators.

321.366A Immunity from civil liability for certain vehicle operators.
1. The driver of a vehicle who is exercising due care and who injures another person who is participating in a protest, demonstration, riot, or unlawful assembly or who is engaging in disorderly conduct and is blocking traffic in a public street or highway shall be immune from civil liability for the injury caused by the driver of the vehicle.
2. The driver of a vehicle who injures another person who is participating in a protest, demonstration, riot, or unlawful assembly or who is engaging in disorderly conduct and is blocking traffic in a public street or highway shall not be immune from civil liability if the actions leading to the injury caused by the driver of a vehicle constitute reckless or willful misconduct.
3. Subsection 1 shall not apply if the injured person participating in a protest or demonstration was doing so with a valid permit allowing persons to protest or demonstrate on the public street or highway where the injury occurred.
2021 Acts, ch 183, §51, 52
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.367 - Following fire apparatus.

321.367 Following fire apparatus.
The driver of any vehicle other than one on official business shall not follow any fire apparatus traveling in response to a fire alarm closer than five hundred feet or drive into or park such vehicle within the block where fire apparatus has stopped in answer to a fire alarm.
[C39, §5031.06; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.367]
Referred to in §805.8A(11)(a)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 11
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.368 - Crossing fire hose.

321.368 Crossing fire hose.
No vehicle shall be driven over any unprotected hose of a fire department when laid down on any street, private driveway, or streetcar track, to be used at any fire or alarm of fire, without the consent of the fire department official in command.
[C39, §5031.07; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.368]
Referred to in §805.8A(11)(a)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 11
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.369 - Putting debris on highway.

321.369 Putting debris on highway.
A person shall not throw or deposit upon a highway any glass bottle, glass, nails, tacks, wire, cans, trash, garbage, rubbish, litter, offal, or any other debris. A person shall not throw or deposit upon a highway a substance likely to injure any person, animal, or vehicle upon the highway. A person who violates this section or section 321.370 commits a misdemeanor punishable as a scheduled violation under section 805.8A, subsection 14, paragraph “d”.
[S13, §4808-a, -b; C24, 27, 31, 35, §13118; C39, §5031.08; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.369]
97 Acts, ch 147, §3; 2001 Acts, ch 137, §5
Referred to in §321.370, 602.8108, 805.8A(14)(d)
See §455B.363
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.370 - Removing injurious material.

321.370 Removing injurious material.
Any person who drops, or permits to be dropped or thrown, upon any highway any destructive or injurious material and other material as defined in section 321.369 shall immediately remove the same or cause it to be removed.
[C39, §5031.09; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.370]
Referred to in §321.369, 602.8108, 805.8A(14)(d)
For applicable scheduled fines, see §805.8A, subsection 14, paragraph d
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.371 - Clearing up wrecks.

321.371 Clearing up wrecks.
1. Any person removing a wrecked or damaged vehicle from a highway shall remove any glass or other injurious substance dropped upon the highway from such vehicle.
2. A person who violates this section commits a simple misdemeanor punishable as a scheduled violation under section 805.8A, subsection 14, paragraph “p”.
[C39, §5031.10; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.371]
2010 Acts, ch 1140, §9; 2020 Acts, ch 1074, §37, 93
Referred to in §805.8A(14)(p)
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.372A - Prompt investigation of reported violation of failing to obey school bus warning devices — citation issued to driver or owner.

321.372A Prompt investigation of reported violation of failing to obey school bus warning devices — citation issued to driver or owner.
1. The driver of a school bus who observes a violation of section 321.372, subsection 3, may prepare a written report on a form provided by the department of public safety indicating that a violation has occurred. The school bus driver or a school official may deliver the report not more than seventy-two hours after the violation occurred to a peace officer of the state or a peace officer of the county or municipality in which the violation occurred. The report shall state the time and the location at which the violation occurred and shall include the registration plate number and a description of the vehicle involved in the violation.
2. Not more than seven calendar days after receiving a report of a violation of section 321.372, subsection 3, from a school bus driver or a school official, the peace officer shall initiate an investigation of the reported violation and contact the owner of the motor vehicle involved in the reported violation and request that the owner supply information identifying the driver in accordance with section 321.484.
a. If, from the investigation, the peace officer is able to identify the driver and has reasonable cause to believe a violation of section 321.372, subsection 3, has occurred, the peace officer shall prepare a uniform traffic citation for the violation and shall serve it personally or by certified mail to the driver of the vehicle.
b. If, from the investigation, the peace officer has reasonable cause to believe that a violation of section 321.372, subsection 3, occurred but is unable to identify the driver, the peace officer shall serve a uniform traffic citation for the violation to the owner of the motor vehicle. Notwithstanding section 321.484, in a proceeding where the peace officer who conducted the investigation was not able to identify the driver of the motor vehicle, proof that the motor vehicle described in the uniform traffic citation was used to commit the violation of section 321.372, subsection 3, together with proof that the defendant named in the citation was the owner of the motor vehicle at the time the violation occurred, constitutes a permissible inference that the owner was the driver who committed the violation.
c. For purposes of this subsection, “owner” means a person who holds the legal title to a motor vehicle; however, if the motor vehicle is the subject of a security agreement with a right of possession in the debtor, the debtor shall be deemed the owner for purposes of this subsection, or if the motor vehicle is leased as defined in section 321.493, the lessee shall be deemed the owner for purposes of this subsection.
88 Acts, ch 1203, §1; 90 Acts, ch 1101, §1; 2004 Acts, ch 1164, §1; 2005 Acts, ch 92, §2, 3
Referred to in §321.378, 321.380, 331.653
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.374 - Inspection — seal of approval.

321.374 Inspection — seal of approval.
No vehicle shall be put into service as a school bus until it is given an original inspection to determine if it meets all legal and established uniform standards of construction for the protection of the health and safety of children to be transported. Vehicles which are approved shall be issued a seal of approval by the director of the department of education. All vehicles used as school buses shall be given a safety inspection at least once a year. Buses passing the inspection shall be issued an inspection seal of approval by the director of the department of education. The seal of original inspection and the annual seal of inspection shall be affixed to the lower right hand corner of the windshield.
[C50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.374]
92 Acts, ch 1082, §1, 2
Referred to in §321.378, 321.380, 331.653
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.377 - Regional transit system transportation.

321.377 Regional transit system transportation.
A vehicle operated by a regional transit system as defined in section 324A.1 may only provide school transportation services pursuant to rules adopted by the state department of transportation in consultation with the department of education.
99 Acts, ch 13, §15
Referred to in §321.378, 321.380, 331.653
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.378 - Applicability.

321.378 Applicability.
The provisions of sections 321.372 through 321.377, this section, and sections 321.379 and 321.380, shall apply to all public and nonpublic schools where children are transported to and from school.
[C39, §5032.07; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.378]
2020 Acts, ch 1063, §149
Referred to in §321.380, 331.653
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.379 - Violations.

321.379 Violations.
A school board, individual, or organization shall not purchase, construct, or contract for use, to transport pupils to or from school, any school bus which does not comply with the minimum requirements of section 321.373 and any individual, or any member or officer of such board or organization who authorizes, the purchase, construction, or contract for any such bus not complying with these minimum requirements commits a simple misdemeanor.
[C31, 35, §5079-c9, -c10, -c11; C39, §5032.08; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.379]
2010 Acts, ch 1140, §11
Referred to in §321.378, 321.380, 331.653
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.380 - Enforcement.

321.380 Enforcement.
It shall be the duty of all peace officers and of the state patrol to enforce the provisions of sections 321.372 through 321.379.
[C39, §5032.09; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.380]
98 Acts, ch 1074, §24; 2005 Acts, ch 35, §31; 2020 Acts, ch 1063, §150
Referred to in §321.378
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.381 - Movement of unsafe or improperly equipped vehicles.

321.381 Movement of unsafe or improperly equipped vehicles.
It is a simple misdemeanor punishable as a scheduled violation under section 805.8A, subsection 3, for any person to drive or move or for the owner to cause or knowingly permit to be driven or moved on any highway any vehicle or combination of vehicles which is in such unsafe condition as to endanger any person, or which does not contain those parts or is not at all times equipped with such lamps and other equipment in proper condition and adjustment as required in this chapter, or which is equipped with one or more unsafe tires or which is equipped in any manner in violation of this chapter.
[C39, §5033.01; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.381]
2000 Acts, ch 1203, §15; 2001 Acts, ch 137, §5; 2010 Acts, ch 1190, §50
Referred to in §805.8A(3)(d)
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.381A - Operation of low-speed vehicles.

321.381A Operation of low-speed vehicles.
A low-speed vehicle shall not be operated on a street with a posted speed limit greater than thirty-five miles per hour. This section shall not prohibit a low-speed vehicle from crossing a street with a posted speed limit greater than thirty-five miles per hour.
2000 Acts, ch 1005, §4
Referred to in §805.8A(3)(e)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.382 - Upgrade pulls — minimum speed.

321.382 Upgrade pulls — minimum speed.
A motor vehicle or combination of vehicles, which cannot proceed up a three percent grade, on dry concrete pavement, at a minimum speed of twenty miles per hour, shall not be operated upon the highways of this state.
[C39, §5033.02; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.382]
83 Acts, ch 101, §70
Referred to in §321.23, 805.8A(3)(f)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.384 - When lighted lamps required.

321.384 When lighted lamps required.
1. Every motor vehicle upon a highway within the state, at any time from sunset to sunrise, and at such other times when conditions such as fog, snow, sleet, or rain provide insufficient lighting to render clearly discernible persons and vehicles on the highway at a distance of five hundred feet ahead, shall display lighted headlamps as provided in section 321.415, subject to exceptions with respect to parked vehicles as provided in this chapter. However, an all-terrain vehicle shall display lighted headlamps as provided in section 321.415 at all times while the vehicle is operated on a highway.
2. Whenever a requirement is established in this chapter as to the distance from which certain lamps and devices shall render objects visible or within which such lamps or devices shall be visible, that requirement shall apply during the times stated in subsection 1 of this section upon a straight level unlighted highway under normal atmospheric conditions unless a different time or condition is expressly stated.
[S13, §1571-m17; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5044; C39, §5033.04; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.384]
2019 Acts, ch 59, §97; 2022 Acts, ch 1105, §4
Referred to in §321.1, 321.235A, 321.392, 321.394, 321.395, 321.397, 321.398, 321.405, 321.415, 321.418, 321.419, 321O.6, 456A.12, 805.8A(3)(h)
[ ()]For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
[ ()]Lamps on parked vehicles, §321.395
[ ()]Subsection 1 amended
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.385 - Headlamps on motor vehicles.

321.385 Headlamps on motor vehicles.
Every motor vehicle other than a motorcycle, motorized bicycle, or all-terrain vehicle shall be equipped with at least two headlamps with at least one on each side of the front of the motor vehicle, which headlamps shall comply with the requirements and limitations set forth in this chapter.
[S13, §1571-m17; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5044; C39, §5033.05; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.385]
2022 Acts, ch 1105, §5
Referred to in §321.1, 321.385A, 321.404A, 456A.12, 805.8A(3)(i)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
Section amended
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.385A - Citation for unlighted headlamp, rear lamp, or rear registration plate light.

321.385A Citation for unlighted headlamp, rear lamp, or rear registration plate light.
1. a. A citation issued for failure to have headlamps as required under section 321.385 shall first provide for a seventy-two hour period within which the person charged with the violation shall replace or repair the headlamp.
b. A citation issued for failure to have rear lamps as required under section 321.387 or a rear registration plate light as required under section 321.388 shall first provide for a seventy-two hour period within which the person charged with the violation shall replace or repair the lamps or light.
2. If the person complies with the directive to replace or repair the headlamp, rear lamps, or rear registration plate light within the allotted time period, the citation shall be expunged. If the person fails to comply within the allotted time period, the citation shall be processed in the same manner as other citations.
3. A citation issued under this section shall include a written notice of replacement or repair which shall indicate the date of replacement or repair and the manner in which the replacement or repair occurred and which shall be returned to the issuing authority within the seventy-two hour time period.
92 Acts, ch 1175, §34; 2010 Acts, ch 1069, §47
Referred to in §321.1, 321O.6, 456A.12
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.386 - Headlamps on motorcycles, motorized bicycles, and all-terrain vehicles.

321.386 Headlamps on motorcycles, motorized bicycles, and all-terrain vehicles.
Every motorcycle, motorized bicycle, and all-terrain vehicle shall be equipped with at least one and not more than two headlamps which shall comply with the requirements and limitations of this chapter.
[S13, §1571-m17; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5047; C39, §5033.06; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.386]
2022 Acts, ch 1105, §6
Referred to in §321.1, 321.234A, 321.404A, 456A.12, 805.8A(3)(j)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
Section amended
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.387 - Rear lamps.

321.387 Rear lamps.
Every motor vehicle and every vehicle which is being drawn at the end of a train of vehicles shall be equipped with a lighted rear lamp or lamps, exhibiting a red light plainly visible from a distance of five hundred feet to the rear. All lamps and lighting equipment originally manufactured on a motor vehicle shall be kept in working condition or shall be replaced with equivalent equipment.
[S13, §1571-m17; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5045, 5046; C39, §5033.07; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.387]
92 Acts, ch 1175, §35
Referred to in §321.1, 321.234A, 321.385A, 321.404A, 456A.12, 805.8A(3)(k)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.388 - Illuminating plates.

321.388 Illuminating plates.
Either the rear lamp or a separate lamp shall be so constructed and placed as to illuminate with a white light the rear registration plate and render it clearly legible from a distance of fifty feet to the rear. When the rear registration plate is illuminated by an electric lamp other than the required rear lamp, the two lamps shall be turned on or off only by the same control switch at all times when headlamps are lighted. This section does not apply to commercial vehicles engaged exclusively in intrastate commerce that are dump trucks or that are used exclusively for the movement of construction materials and equipment to and from construction projects.
[S13, §1571-m17; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5045; C39, §5033.08; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.388]
85 Acts, ch 195, §38; 2015 Acts, ch 35, §1
Referred to in §321.1, 321.385A, 456A.12, 805.8A(3)(l)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.389 - Reflector required.

321.389 Reflector required.
Every new motor vehicle, trailer, or semitrailer sold and every commercial vehicle operated on a highway shall be equipped at the rear, either as a part of the rear lamp or separately, with a red reflector meeting the requirements of this chapter.
[C39, §5033.09; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.389]
2022 Acts, ch 1021, §71
Referred to in §321.1, 456A.12, 805.8A(3)(m)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
Section amended
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.390 - Reflector requirements.

321.390 Reflector requirements.
Whenever a red reflector is required or permitted to be used in substitution of lamps upon a vehicle under any one of the provisions of this chapter, such reflector shall be mounted upon the vehicle at a height not to exceed forty-two inches nor less than twenty inches above the ground upon which the vehicle stands, and every such reflector shall be so designed and maintained as to be visible at night from all distances within three hundred feet to fifty feet from such vehicle, except that on a commercial vehicle the reflector shall be visible from all distances within five hundred feet to fifty feet from such vehicle when directly in front of a motor vehicle displaying lawfully lighted headlamps as provided in section 321.409.
[C31, 35, §4863; C39, §5033.10; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.390]
Referred to in §321.1, 456A.12, 805.8A(3)(n)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.392 - Clearance and identification lights.

321.392 Clearance and identification lights.
Every motor truck, and every trailer or semitrailer of over three thousand pounds gross weight, shall be equipped with the following lighting devices and reflectors in addition to other requirements of this chapter, and such devices shall be lighted at the times mentioned in section 321.384.
1. Every motor truck, whatever its size shall have the following:
a. On each side, one reflector, at or near the rear; and
b. On the rear, two reflectors, one at each side.
2. Every motor truck, eighty inches or more in width shall have the following in addition to the requirements of subsection 1:
a. If thirty feet or less in overall length:
(1) On the front, two clearance lamps, one at each side; and
(2) On the rear, two clearance lamps, one at each side.
b. If more than thirty feet in overall length:
(1) On the front, two clearance lamps, one at each side;
(2) On each side, two side-marker lamps, one at or near the front, and one at or near the rear, and an additional reflector at or near the front; and
(3) On the rear, two clearance lamps, one at each side.
3. Every truck tractor or road tractor shall have the following:
a. On the front, two clearance lamps, one at each side if the tractor cab is as wide as, or wider than, the widest part of the vehicle or vehicles towed;
b. On each side, one side-marker lamp at or near the front; and
c. On the rear, one tail lamp.
4. Every trailer or semitrailer having a gross weight in excess of three thousand pounds shall have the following:
a. On the front, two clearance lamps, one at each side, if the trailer is wider in its widest part than the cab of the vehicle towing it;
b. On each side, one side-marker lamp at or near the rear; two reflectors, one at or near the front and one at or near the rear; and
c. On the rear, two clearance lamps, one at each side; one stop light; one tail lamp; and two reflectors, one at each side.
5. Every motor truck or combination of motor truck and trailer having a length in excess of thirty feet or a width in excess of eighty inches shall be equipped with three identification lights on both front and rear. Each such group shall be evenly spaced not less than six nor more than twelve inches apart along a horizontal line near the top of the vehicle.
[C31, 35, §5044-d1, -d2, 5105-c19; C39, §5034.01; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.392]
Referred to in §321.1, 456A.12, 805.8A(3)(o)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.393 - Color and mounting.

321.393 Color and mounting.
1. A lighting device or reflector, when mounted on or near the front of a motor truck or trailer, except a school bus, shall not display any other color than white, yellow, or amber.
2. No lighting device or reflector, when mounted on or near the rear of any motor truck or trailer, shall display any other color than red, except that the stop light may be red, yellow, or amber.
3. Clearance lamps shall be mounted on the permanent structure of the vehicle in such manner as to indicate the extreme width of the vehicle or its load.
4. The provisions of this section shall not prohibit the use of a lighting device or reflector displaying an amber light when such lighting device or reflector is mounted on a motor truck, trailer, tractor, or motor grader owned by the state, or any political subdivision of the state, including any local authority, while such equipment is being used for snow removal, sanding, maintenance, or repair of the public streets or highways.
5. The provisions of this section shall not prohibit the use of a lighting device or reflector displaying an amber, white, or blue light when the lighting device or reflector is rear-facing and mounted on a motor truck, trailer, tractor, truck-mounted snow blower, or motor grader owned by the state or any political subdivision of the state, including any local authority, while the equipment is being used for snow and ice treatment or removal on the public streets or highways.
[C39, §5034.02; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.393]
89 Acts, ch 83, §44; 2015 Acts, ch 81, §2; 2018 Acts, ch 1002, §1; 2021 Acts, ch 97, §1, 9
Referred to in §321.1, 456A.12, 805.8A(3)(p)
For applicable scheduled fines, see §805.8A, subsection 3