2023 Indiana Code › Title 32. Property › Article 23. Conveyance of Property Interests Less Than Fee Simple › Chapter 7. Oil and Gas: Estates in Land › 32-23-7-6. Rights and Privileges Transferred

Sec. 6. A grant or reservation contained in an instrument that affects land in Indiana and that purports to convey or transfer an interest in the oil and gas in, on, under, or that may be produced from beneath the surface of the land transfers the following expressed rights and privileges in addition to any other rights naturally flowing from the character of the instrument in law to the named recipient:
(1) A person in interest in the oil and gas estate in land may enter the land for the purpose of:
(A) exploring, prospecting, testing, surveying, or otherwise investigating the land to determine the potential of the land for oil or gas production; or
(B) otherwise conducting operations for oil and gas on the land;
whether or not the person is also the owner, lessee, or licensee of an owner of an interest in the surface rights in the land.
(2) A person in interest in the oil and gas estate in land in Indiana may enter the land to drill a well or test well on the land for the production or attempted production of oil and gas regardless of whether the:
(A) person is also the owner, lessee, or licensee of an owner of an interest in the surface rights in the land; and
(B) owner of the remaining rights in the land consents to the entrance and drilling.
A person that drills a well under this subdivision shall provide an accounting to the remaining or nonparticipating persons in interest in the oil and gas estate in the land, for their respective proportionate shares of the net profits arising from the operations conducted upon the land for oil or gas. In calculating the profits, a reduction may not be made from the gross proceeds of the production of oil and gas, except for expenses that are reasonably or necessarily incurred in connection with the drilling, completion, equipping, and operation of the wells drilled upon the premises during the period in which the relationship of cotenancy existed between the person drilling the well and the person whose interest is sought to be charged with the respective proportionate part of the cost of the drilling.
(3) A person who may enter and enters land in Indiana for the purpose of exploring, prospecting, testing, surveying, or otherwise investigating the potential of the land for oil and gas, or for the purpose of conducting operations on the land for the production of oil and gas, is accountable to the owner of the surface of the land for the actual damage resulting from the person's activities on the land to:
(A) the surface of the land;
(B) improvements to the land; or
(C) growing crops on the land.
However, a person who enters land under this subdivision is not liable for punitive damages. Actual damage for which a person is accountable under this subdivision includes actual damage to marketable timber, crops, drainage systems, or erosion control systems, or quantifiable and verifiable damage to crops from compaction, abnormal flooding, or abnormal soil erosion caused by oil and gas operations. This subdivision does not increase damages between a lessor and a lessee in a valid and subsisting oil and gas lease that specifies damages if damages are not due other than damages that are expressly provided by contract between cotenants or the lessees of cotenants of a like estate in the land. This section does not authorize the location of a well for oil and gas nearer than two hundred (200) feet to an existing house, barn, or other structure (except fences) without the express consent of the owner of the structure.
(4) The right to conduct operations for oil and gas upon land located in Indiana includes the right to:
(A) install and maintain physical equipment on the land; and
(B) use the portion of the surface of the land that is reasonably necessary for the operations;
subject to the payment of damages resulting from the installation only of the equipment specified in this subdivision.
[Pre-2002 Recodification Citation: 32-5-7-2.]
As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.8. Amended by P.L.140-2011, SEC.25.