reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-9. One-Way Streets

Sec. 9. A vehicle shall be driven upon a roadway designated and signposted for one-way traffic only in the direction designated.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-71(b).]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-10. Roundabouts

Sec. 10. A vehicle passing around a roundabout shall be driven only to the right of the roundabout's central island.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-71(c).]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9. Amended by P.L.11-2017, SEC.2.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-10.5. Right-of-Way in a Roundabout

Sec. 10.5. (a) When approaching or driving through a roundabout, a person driving a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way to the driver of a vehicle with a total length of at least forty (40) feet or a total width of at least ten (10) feet that is driving through the roundabout at the same time or so closely as to present an immediate hazard, and shall slow down or stop if necessary to yield. However, this subsection does not require a person who is driving a vehicle through a roundabout to yield the right-of-way to the driver of a vehicle with a total length of at least forty (40) feet or a total width of at least ten (10) feet that is approaching the roundabout.
(b) If two (2) vehicles each having a total length of at least forty (40) feet or a total width of at least ten (10) feet approach or drive through a roundabout at the same time or so closely as to present an immediate hazard, the driver on the right shall yield the right-of-way to the driver on the left, and shall slow down or stop if necessary to yield.
As added by P.L.11-2017, SEC.3.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-11. Roadways Divided Into Three or More Clearly Marked Lanes; Rules

Sec. 11. Whenever a roadway has been divided into three (3) or more clearly marked lanes for traffic, the following rules apply:
(1) Upon a roadway that is divided into three (3) lanes, a vehicle may not be driven in the center lane except under any of the following conditions:
(A) When overtaking and passing another vehicle where the roadway is clearly visible and the center lane is clear of traffic within a safe distance.
(B) In preparation for a left turn.
(C) Where the center lane is at the time allocated exclusively to traffic moving in the direction the vehicle is proceeding and is signposted to give notice of the allocation.
(2) Official signs may be erected directing slow-moving traffic to use a designated lane or allocating specified lanes to traffic moving in the same direction. A person who drives a vehicle shall obey the directions of each sign.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-72.]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9. Amended by P.L.164-2018, SEC.16.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-11.5. Roadways Divided Into Two or More Clearly Marked Lanes; Rules

Sec. 11.5. Whenever a roadway has been divided into two (2) or more clearly marked lanes for traffic, a vehicle:
(1) shall be driven as nearly as practicable entirely between the lines marking the single lane; and
(2) may not be moved from the lane until the person who drives the vehicle has first ascertained that the movement can be made with safety.
As added by P.L.164-2018, SEC.17.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-12. Interstate Highways; Lane Use Restrictions for Trucks

Sec. 12. Except when passing a slower vehicle, entering or leaving a highway, or where a special hazard exists that requires, for safety reasons, the use of an alternate lane, a person may not operate a truck, truck tractor, road tractor, trailer, semitrailer, or pole trailer on an interstate highway in any lane except the far right lane.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-59(d).]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-13. Interstate Highways Consisting of at Least Three Lanes; Lane Use Restrictions for Trucks

Sec. 13. Except when entering or leaving a highway or where a special hazard exists that requires, for safety reasons, the use of an alternate lane, a person may not operate a truck, truck tractor, road tractor, trailer, semitrailer, or pole trailer on an interstate highway consisting of at least three (3) lanes in one (1) direction in any lane other than the two (2) far right lanes.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-59(e).]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-14. Following Other Vehicles; Distance Restrictions

Sec. 14. (a) This section does not apply to a person who drives a motor vehicle in a vehicle platoon with respect to another motor vehicle in the same vehicle platoon.
(b) A person who drives a motor vehicle may not follow another vehicle more closely than is reasonable and prudent, having due regard for the speed of both vehicles, the time interval between vehicles, and the condition of the highway.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-73(a).]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9. Amended by P.L.185-2018, SEC.39.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-15. Trucks and Tractor-Trailers; Following Other Trucks; Distance Restrictions

Sec. 15. (a) This section does not apply to a person who drives a motor vehicle in a vehicle platoon with respect to another motor vehicle in the same vehicle platoon.
(b) Except when overtaking and passing, a person who drives a motor truck, motor truck drawing another vehicle, or tractor-trailer combination, when traveling upon a roadway outside of a business or residence district or upon a roadway that is a part of the interstate highway system, whether within or without a business or residence district, may not follow within three hundred (300) feet of another motor truck, motor truck drawing another vehicle, or a tractor-trailer combination.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-73(b).]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9. Amended by P.L.185-2018, SEC.40.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-16. Caravans and Motorcades; Distance Between Vehicles; Exceptions

Sec. 16. (a) This section does not apply to the following:
(1) Funeral or marching band processions.
(2) A person who drives a motor vehicle in a vehicle platoon with respect to another motor vehicle in the same vehicle platoon.
(b) Motor vehicles being driven upon a roadway outside of a business or residence district in a caravan or motorcade, whether or not towing other vehicles, must be operated to allow sufficient space between each vehicle or combination of vehicles to enable another vehicle to enter and occupy the space without danger.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-73(c).]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9. Amended by P.L.185-2018, SEC.41.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-17. Divided Highways; Restrictions

Sec. 17. Whenever a highway has been divided into two (2) roadways by:
(1) leaving an intervening space;
(2) a physical barrier; or
(3) a clearly indicated dividing section constructed to impede vehicular traffic;
a vehicle shall be driven only upon the right-hand roadway. A vehicle may not be driven over, across, or within a dividing space, barrier, or section, except through an opening in the physical barrier, dividing section, or space or at a crossover or an intersection established by public authority.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-74(a).]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-18. Limited Access Facilities; Entrance and Exit to and From

Sec. 18. A person may not drive a vehicle onto or from a limited access facility except at entrances and exits that are established by the public authority in control of the roadway.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-74(b).]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-19. Freeways and Interstate Highways; Entrance and Exit to and From; Special Crossovers; "U" Turns

Sec. 19. A person may not drive a vehicle onto or from a freeway or the interstate highway system except at entrances and exits that are established by the public authority in control of the highway. Whenever special crossovers between the main roadways of a freeway or the interstate highway system are provided for emergency vehicles or maintenance equipment only, the freeway or interstate highway system shall be posted prohibiting "U" turns. A person who drives a vehicle, except an emergency vehicle or maintenance equipment, may not use the crossovers or make a "U" turn anywhere on the freeway or interstate highway system.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-74(c).]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-20. Pedestrians, Bicycles, and Other Nonmotorized Traffic; Prohibition on Use of Highways

Sec. 20. The Indiana department of transportation may by resolution or order entered in its minutes, and local authorities may by ordinance, with respect to any freeway or interstate highway system under their respective jurisdictions, prohibit the use of a highway by pedestrians, bicycles, or other nonmotorized traffic or by a person operating a motor driven cycle. The Indiana department of transportation or the local authority adopting a prohibiting regulation shall erect and maintain official signs on the freeway or interstate highway system on which the regulations are applicable. If signs are erected, a person may not disobey the restrictions stated on the signs.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-74(d).]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9. Amended by P.L.221-2014, SEC.42.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-21. Intersections; Right and Left Turns

Sec. 21. (a) A person who drives a vehicle intending to turn at an intersection must do the following:
(1) Make both the approach for a right turn and a right turn as close as practical to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway.
(2) Make an approach for a left turn in that part of the right half of the roadway nearest the center line of the roadway. After entering the intersection, the person who drives a vehicle must make the left turn so as to leave the intersection to the right of the center line of the roadway being entered.
(3) Make an approach for a left turn from a two-way street into a one-way street in that part of the right half of the roadway nearest the center line of the roadway and pass to the right of the center line where the center line enters the intersection.
(4) Make a left turn from a one-way street into a two-way street by passing to the right of the center line of the street being entered upon leaving the intersection.
(5) Where both streets or roadways are one way, make both the approach for a left turn and a left turn as close as practicable to the left-hand curb or edge of the roadway.
(b) The Indiana department of transportation and local authorities in their respective jurisdictions may cause markers, buttons, or signs to be placed within or adjacent to intersections requiring and directing that a different course from that specified in this section be traveled by vehicles turning at an intersection. When markers, buttons, or signs are placed under this subsection, a person who drives a vehicle may not turn the vehicle at an intersection other than as directed and required by the markers, buttons, or signs.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-75.]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-22. Grades; Proceeding in Opposite Direction on Approach to Crest

Sec. 22. A vehicle may not be turned so as to proceed in the opposite direction upon any curve, or upon the approach to, or near the crest of a grade, where the vehicle cannot be seen by the person who drives any other vehicle approaching from either direction within seven hundred fifty (750) feet.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-76.]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-23. Starting a Vehicle That Is Stopped, Standing, or Parked

Sec. 23. A person may not start a vehicle that is stopped, standing, or parked until the movement can be made with reasonable safety.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-77.]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-24. Slowing Down, Turning From a Direct Course, and Changing Lanes; Performance With Reasonable Safety; Signal

Sec. 24. (a) A person may not:
(1) slow down or stop a vehicle;
(2) turn a vehicle from a direct course upon a highway; or
(3) change from one (1) traffic lane to another;
unless the movement can be made with reasonable safety.
(b) Before making a movement described in this section, a person shall provide notice of the person's intention by giving:
(1) a clearly audible horn signal if any pedestrian may be affected by the movement; and
(2) an appropriate stop or turn signal in the manner provided in sections 27 through 28 of this chapter.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-78(a).]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9. Amended by P.L.118-2022, SEC.22.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-26. Stopping or Sudden Decrease in Speed; Signal

Sec. 26. A person may not stop or suddenly decrease the speed of a vehicle without first giving an appropriate signal to a person who drives a vehicle immediately to the rear when there is opportunity to give a signal.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-78(c).]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-27. Stop or Turn Signals; Hand or Arm Signals; Signal Lamps; Exception for Farm Equipment; Highway Travel

Sec. 27. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b), a stop or turn signal required under this chapter may be given by means of the hand and arm or by a signal lamp or lamps or mechanical signal device.
(b) This subsection does not apply to farm tractors and implements of agriculture designed to be operated primarily in a farm field or on farm premises. A motor vehicle in use on a highway must be equipped with and a required signal shall be given by a signal lamp or lamps or mechanical signal device when either of the following conditions exist:
(1) The distance from the center of the top of the steering post to the left outside limit of the body, cab, or load of the motor vehicle exceeds twenty-four (24) inches.
(2) The distance from the center of the top of the steering post to the rear limit of the body or load of the motor vehicle exceeds fourteen (14) feet. This measurement applies to a single vehicle and a combination of vehicles.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-79.]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9. Amended by P.L.210-2005, SEC.33.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-28. Hand and Arm Signals; Left Turn; Right Turn; Decrease in Speed

Sec. 28. All signals required under this chapter may be given by hand and arm. A signal given under this section shall be given from the left side of the vehicle in the following manner:
(1) A left turn is indicated by extending the hand and arm horizontally.
(2) A right turn is indicated by extending the hand and arm upward.
(3) A stop or decreased speed is indicated by extending the hand and arm downward.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-80.]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-29. Intersections; Vehicles Approaching From Different Highways; Yield of Right-of-Way

Sec. 29. Except when approaching through highways and areas in which signs are posted giving other instructions, when two (2) vehicles approach or enter an intersection from different highways at approximately the same time, the person who drives the vehicle on the left shall yield the right-of-way to the vehicle on the right.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-81.]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-30. Intersections; Vehicles Approaching From Opposite Directions; Yield of Right-of-Way

Sec. 30. A person who drives a vehicle within an intersection intending to turn to the left shall yield the right-of-way to a vehicle approaching from the opposite direction that is within the intersection or so close to the intersection as to constitute an immediate hazard. After yielding and giving a signal as required by this chapter, the person who drives the vehicle may make the left turn, and the persons who drive other vehicles approaching the intersection from the opposite direction shall yield the right-of-way to the vehicle making the left turn.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-82.]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-31. Entrance to Through Highways; Stopping; Yield of Right-of-Way

Sec. 31. (a) A person who drives a vehicle shall do the following:
(1) Stop as required under this article at the entrance to a through highway.
(2) Yield the right-of-way to other vehicles that have entered the intersection from the through highway or that are approaching so closely on the through highway as to constitute an immediate hazard.
(b) After yielding as described in subsection (a)(2), the person who drives a vehicle may proceed and persons who drive other vehicles approaching the intersection on the through highway shall yield the right-of-way to the vehicle proceeding into or across the through highway.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-83(a).]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-32. Stop Signs at Intersections; Duty to Obey

Sec. 32. A person who drives a vehicle shall stop at an intersection where a stop sign is erected at one (1) or more entrances to a through highway that are not a part of the through highway and proceed cautiously, yielding to vehicles that are not required to stop.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-83(b).]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-33. Yield Signs; Collision With Pedestrian or Vehicle

Sec. 33. (a) A person who drives a vehicle approaching a yield sign shall slow down to a speed reasonable for the existing conditions or stop if necessary. The person shall yield the right-of-way to a pedestrian legally crossing the roadway and to a vehicle in the intersection or approaching on another highway so closely as to present an immediate hazard. After yielding, the person may proceed, and all other vehicles approaching the intersection shall yield to the vehicle proceeding.
(b) If a person who drives a vehicle is involved in a collision with a pedestrian in a crosswalk or a vehicle in the intersection after driving past a yield sign without stopping, the collision is considered prima facie evidence of the person's failure to yield the right-of-way.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-83(c).]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-34. Entrance to Highway From Private Road or Driveway; Yield of Right-of-Way

Sec. 34. A person who drives a vehicle that is about to enter or cross a highway from a private road or driveway shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles approaching on the highway.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-84.]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-36. Traffic Control Signals Not in Operation

Sec. 36. Except as provided in IC 9-21-17-8 and IC 9-21-3-7(b)(4)(C), when traffic control signals are not in place or not in operation, a person who drives a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way, slowing down or stopping if necessary to yield, to a pedestrian crossing the roadway within a crosswalk when the pedestrian is upon the half of the roadway upon which the vehicle is traveling or when the pedestrian is approaching closely from the opposite half of the roadway.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-87(a); (c).]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9. Amended by P.L.43-2011, SEC.5.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-37. Pedestrians and Children; Due Care; Caution

Sec. 37. Notwithstanding other provisions of this article or a local ordinance, a person who drives a vehicle shall do the following:
(1) Exercise due care to avoid colliding with a pedestrian or a person propelling a human powered vehicle, giving an audible signal when necessary.
(2) Exercise proper caution upon observing a child or an obviously confused, incapacitated, or intoxicated person.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-89.]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-39. Railroad Grade Crossings

Sec. 39. Whenever a person who drives a vehicle approaches a railroad grade crossing, the person shall stop within fifty (50) feet but not less than fifteen (15) feet from the nearest track of the railroad and may not proceed until the person can do so safely under the following circumstances:
(1) When a clearly visible electric or mechanical signal device gives warning of the immediate approach of a train or other on-track equipment.
(2) When a crossing gate is lowered or when a human flagman gives or continues to give a signal of the approach or passage of a train or other on-track equipment.
(3) When a railroad train or other on-track equipment approaching within one thousand five hundred (1,500) feet of a highway crossing emits an audible signal and because of speed or nearness to the crossing is an immediate hazard.
(4) When an approaching train or other on-track equipment is plainly visible and is in hazardous proximity to the crossing.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-106.]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9. Amended by P.L.119-1995, SEC.6; P.L.8-2010, SEC.3.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-40. Heavy Equipment or Structures; Railroad Grade Crossings; Notice; Procedure

Sec. 40. (a) A person may not operate or move a caterpillar tractor, steam shovel, derrick, roller, or any equipment or structure weighing more than ten (10) tons and having a normal operating speed of not more than six (6) miles per hour or a vertical body or load clearance of less than nine (9) inches above the level surface of a roadway upon or across tracks at a railroad grade crossing without first complying with this section.
(b) Notice of an intended crossing under this section shall be given to a superintendent of the railroad, and a reasonable time shall be given to the railroad to provide proper protection at the crossing.
(c) Before making a crossing under this section, the person operating or moving a vehicle or equipment described in subsection (a) shall first stop the vehicle or equipment not less than ten (10) feet and not more than fifty (50) feet from the nearest rail or the railway. While stopped, the person shall listen and look in both directions along the track for an approaching train or other on-track equipment and for signals indicating the approach of a train or other on-track equipment. The person shall not proceed until the crossing can be made safely.
(d) A crossing may not be made when warning is given by automatic signal, crossing gates, a flagman, or otherwise of the immediate approach of a railroad train or other on-track equipment.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-109.]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9. Amended by P.L.8-2010, SEC.4.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-41. Traffic Control Devices; Obeyance of Instructions; Highway Worksites; Extraordinary Care; Safety Controls

Sec. 41. (a) A person who drives a vehicle may not disobey the instructions of an official traffic control device placed in accordance with this article unless otherwise directed by a police officer.
(b) When a traffic control device or flagman is utilized at a worksite on a highway for traffic control, a person who drives a vehicle shall exercise extraordinary care to secure the mutual safety of all persons and vehicles at the worksite.
(c) All traffic shall observe and obey traffic control devices including signals, signs, and warnings, and all directions, signs, or warning devices that may be given or displayed by a police officer or flagman to safely control traffic movement at a worksite and promote safety at a worksite.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-33.]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9. Amended by P.L.113-2014, SEC.21; P.L.217-2014, SEC.47.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-41.5. Vehicle Entering School Crossing Zone; Obeyance of Instructions

Sec. 41.5. (a) A person who drives a vehicle shall obey the instructions of a school crossing guard to stop the vehicle before entering a school crossing zone.
(b) Whenever a person who drives a vehicle approaches a school crossing zone, the person shall exercise extraordinary caution to secure the safety of children in the school crossing zone.
As added by P.L.116-1993, SEC.3.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-41.7. Duty of Vehicle Operator to Obey Instructions of Railroad Flagman

Sec. 41.7. (a) For purposes of this section, "railroad flagman" means a person who furnishes flag protection as prescribed by rules of the carrier.
(b) A person who operates a vehicle shall obey the instructions of a railroad flagman to stop the vehicle before approaching a location in which a train or other on-track equipment is or may be located.
As added by P.L.8-2010, SEC.5. Amended by P.L.50-2011, SEC.4.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-42. Sidewalks; Approaching From an Alley, Driveway, or Building

Sec. 42. A person who drives a vehicle within a business or residence district that is emerging from an alley, a driveway, or a building shall stop the vehicle immediately before driving onto a sidewalk or into the sidewalk area extending across an alleyway or a private driveway.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-111.]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-43. Loaded Vehicles; Passengers; Obstruction of View; Interference With Control of Vehicle

Sec. 43. (a) A person may not drive a vehicle when any of the following conditions exist:
(1) The vehicle:
(A) is loaded in a manner; or
(B) has more than three (3) persons in the front seat;
so as to obstruct the view of the person who drives the vehicle to the front or sides of the vehicle.
(2) The vehicle:
(A) is loaded in a manner; or
(B) has more than three (3) persons in the front seat;
so as to interfere with the person's control over the driving mechanism of the vehicle.
(b) A passenger in a vehicle may not do the following:
(1) Ride in a position that interferes with the view ahead or to the sides of the person who drives the vehicle.
(2) Interfere with the person's control over the driving mechanism of the vehicle.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-117.]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9. Amended by P.L.1-1991, SEC.96; P.L.113-2014, SEC.22; P.L.217-2014, SEC.48.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-44. Coasting in Neutral When Traveling Upon a Down Grade; Prohibition

Sec. 44. (a) A person who drives a motor vehicle may not coast with the gears of the vehicle in neutral when traveling upon a down grade.
(b) A person who drives a commercial motor vehicle may not coast with the clutch disengaged when traveling upon a down grade.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-117.]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-44.5. Compression Release Engine Brakes

Sec. 44.5. (a) As used in this section, "compression release engine brake" means a hydraulically operated device that converts a power producing diesel engine into a power absorbing retarding mechanism.
(b) A person who drives a motor vehicle equipped with compression release engine brakes on the Indiana toll road in a county having a population of more than one hundred seventy thousand (170,000) and less than one hundred seventy-four thousand (174,000) may not use the motor vehicle's compression release engine brakes instead of the service brake system, except in the case of failure of the service brake system.
(c) This subsection does not apply to a motor vehicle that has compression release engine brakes with a factory installed muffler or an equivalent after market muffler. A person may not drive a motor vehicle equipped with compression release engine brakes unless the motor vehicle is equipped with a muffler in good working condition so that excessive noise is prevented.
As added by P.L.23-2001, SEC.2. Amended by P.L.1-2002, SEC.42; P.L.119-2012, SEC.104; P.L.168-2015, SEC.1; P.L.104-2022, SEC.76.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-45. Farm Wagons; Interstate and State Highways; Prohibitions

Sec. 45. (a) A farm wagon may not be operated on an interstate highway.
(b) In addition to the prohibition set forth in subsection (a), a farm wagon (as defined in IC 9-13-2-60(2)) may not be operated on a highway designated as a part of the state highway system under IC 8-23-4-2, except that a farm wagon may cross a state highway, other than a limited access highway, at right angles for the purpose of getting from one (1) farm field to another when the operation can be done safely. The operator shall bring the farm wagon to a complete stop before proceeding across the state highway and shall yield the right-of-way to all traffic.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-8-12-5.]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9. Amended by P.L.150-2009, SEC.13; P.L.256-2017, SEC.161.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-46. Implements of Agriculture on Interstate Highways

Sec. 46. A person may not drive or operate:
(1) an implement of agriculture designed to be operated primarily in a farm field or on farm premises;
(2) a piece of special machinery; or
(3) a mini-truck;
upon any part of an interstate highway.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-8-1-20.1.]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9. Amended by P.L.210-2005, SEC.34; P.L.180-2015, SEC.10.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-47. Vehicles That Must Be Operated to Avoid Damage to Highways or Interference With Traffic

Sec. 47. (a) The following vehicles must be moved or operated so as to avoid any material damage to the highway or unreasonable interference with other highway traffic:
(1) Machinery or equipment used in highway construction or maintenance by the Indiana department of transportation, counties, or municipalities.
(2) Farm drainage machinery.
(3) Implements of agriculture.
(4) Firefighting apparatus owned or operated by a political subdivision or a volunteer fire department (as defined in IC 36-8-12-2).
(5) Farm vehicles loaded with farm products.
(b) For purposes of this section, interference with other highway traffic is considered unreasonable if the interference occurs for more than ten (10) consecutive minutes. This subsection does not apply to a vehicle in subsection (a)(1) or (a)(4).
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-8-1-19.9(b).]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9. Amended by P.L.1-1999, SEC.31; P.L.210-2005, SEC.35; P.L.118-2022, SEC.24.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-48. Vehicles With Contents Escaping; Prohibition From Operation; Exceptions

Sec. 48. A vehicle, except:
(1) a vehicle containing poultry or livestock being transported to market; or
(2) a highway maintenance vehicle engaged in spreading sand or deicing chemicals;
may not be driven or moved on a highway if the vehicle's contents are dripping, sifting, leaking, or otherwise escaping from the vehicle.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-8-1-2(a)(8).]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9. Amended by P.L.79-1991, SEC.4.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-49. Violations; Class C Infraction; Class a Infraction if Bodily Injury; Exceptions

Sec. 49. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) or as provided in sections 35, 50, 52, 55, 56, and 58 of this chapter, a person who violates this chapter commits a Class C infraction.
(b) Except as provided in sections 35, 50, 52, 55, 56, 58, and 59 of this chapter, a person who violates this chapter in a manner that results in bodily injury to a person commits a Class A infraction.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citations: 9-4-1-127.1(b) part; 9-8-12-6.]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9. Amended by P.L.18-1999, SEC.2; P.L.40-2007, SEC.4; P.L.65-2010, SEC.4; P.L.188-2015, SEC.76; P.L.110-2020, SEC.2.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-50. Reckless Operation of a Tractor-Trailer Combination; Class B Misdemeanor

Sec. 50. A person who operates a tractor-trailer combination in a reckless or deliberate attempt to:
(1) endanger the safety or property of others; or
(2) block the proper flow of traffic;
commits a Class B misdemeanor.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-73(b).]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-51. Blinding Lights; Failure to Dim

Sec. 51. A person may not:
(1) operate a vehicle; and
(2) fail to dim bright or blinding lights when meeting another vehicle or pedestrian.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-56.2.]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9. Amended by P.L.110-2020, SEC.3.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-52. Reckless Driving; Passing a School Bus With Extended Stop Arm; Penalty; License Suspension

Sec. 52. (a) A person who operates a vehicle and who recklessly:
(1) drives at such an unreasonably high rate of speed or at such an unreasonably low rate of speed under the circumstances as to:
(A) endanger the safety or the property of others; or
(B) block the proper flow of traffic;
(2) passes another vehicle from the rear while on a slope or on a curve where vision is obstructed for a distance of less than five hundred (500) feet ahead;
(3) drives in and out of a line of traffic, except as otherwise permitted; or
(4) speeds up or refuses to give one-half (1/2) of the roadway to a driver overtaking and desiring to pass;
commits a Class C misdemeanor. However, the offense is a Class A misdemeanor if it causes bodily injury to a person.
(b) A person who operates a vehicle and who recklessly passes a school bus stopped on a roadway or a private road when the arm signal device specified in IC 9-21-12-13 is in the device's extended position commits a Class A misdemeanor. However, the offense is a Level 6 felony if it causes bodily injury to a person, and a Level 5 felony if it causes the death of a person.
(c) If an offense under subsection (a) results in damage to the property of another person, it is a Class B misdemeanor and the court may recommend the suspension of the current driving license of the person convicted of the offense described in subsection (a) for a fixed period of not more than one (1) year.
(d) If an offense under subsection (a) causes bodily injury to a person, the court may recommend the suspension of the driving privileges of the person convicted of the offense described in this subsection for a fixed period of not more than one (1) year.
(e) In addition to any other penalty imposed under subsection (b), the court may suspend the person's driving privileges:
(1) for ninety (90) days; or
(2) if the person has committed at least one (1) previous offense under this section or IC 9-21-12-1, for one (1) year.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-56.1.]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9. Amended by P.L.127-1993, SEC.1; P.L.1-2005, SEC.103; P.L.70-2009, SEC.3; P.L.217-2014, SEC.49; P.L.188-2015, SEC.77; P.L.198-2016, SEC.364; P.L.144-2019, SEC.2.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-53. Speed Violations; Complaint or Affidavit; Summons, Warrant, or Notice; Contents; Negligence

Sec. 53. (a) In every charge of violation of a speed regulation under this article, the complaint or affidavit and the summons, warrant, or notice to appear must specify the following:
(1) The speed at which the defendant is alleged to have driven.
(2) The prima facie or fixed speed applicable within the district or at the location.
(b) The provisions of this article declaring or providing for fixed and prima facie speed limitations may not be construed to relieve the plaintiff in a civil action from the burden of proving negligence on the part of the defendant as the proximate cause of the damage alleged.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-4-1-62.]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-55. Aggressive Driving

Sec. 55. (a) This section does not apply to a law enforcement official engaged in the law enforcement official's official duties.
(b) For purposes of this section, a person engages in aggressive driving if, during one (1) episode of continuous driving of a vehicle, the person does or commits at least three (3) of the following:
(1) Following a vehicle too closely in violation of IC 9-21-8-14.
(2) Unsafe operation of a vehicle in violation of IC 9-21-8-24.
(3) Overtaking another vehicle on the right by driving off the roadway in violation of IC 9-21-8-6.
(4) Unsafe stopping or slowing a vehicle in violation of IC 9-21-8-26.
(5) Unnecessary sounding of the horn in violation of IC 9-19-5-2.
(6) Failure to yield in violation of IC 9-21-8-29 through IC 9-21-8-34.
(7) Failure to obey a traffic control device in violation of IC 9-21-8-41.
(8) Driving at an unsafe speed in violation of IC 9-21-5.
(9) Repeatedly flashing the vehicle's headlights.
(c) A person who, with the intent to harass or intimidate a person in another vehicle, knowingly or intentionally engages in aggressive driving commits aggressive driving, a Class A misdemeanor, except as provided in IC 9-21-8-56(d), IC 9-21-8-56(f), IC 9-21-8-56(g), and IC 9-21-8-56(h).
As added by P.L.75-2006, SEC.2. Amended by P.L.40-2007, SEC.5; P.L.170-2023, SEC.3.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-56. Highway Worksites; Penalties for Violations

Sec. 56. (a) For purposes of this section, "highway worksite" has the meaning set forth in IC 8-23-2-15.
(b) Except as provided in subsections (f) through (h), a person who recklessly operates a vehicle in the immediate vicinity of a highway worksite when workers are present commits a Class A misdemeanor.
(c) Except as provided in subsections (f) through (h), a person who knowingly or intentionally operates a motor vehicle in the immediate vicinity of a highway worksite when workers are present with the intent to:
(1) damage traffic control devices; or
(2) inflict bodily injury on a worker;
commits a Class A misdemeanor.
(d) Except as provided in subsections (f) through (h), a person who knowingly, intentionally, or recklessly engages in:
(1) aggressive driving, as defined in section 55 of this chapter; or
(2) a speed contest, as prohibited under IC 9-21-6-1;
in the immediate vicinity of a highway worksite when workers are present commits a Class A misdemeanor.
(e) Except as provided in subsections (f) through (h), a person who recklessly fails to obey a traffic control device or flagman, as prohibited under section 41 of this chapter, in the immediate vicinity of a highway worksite when workers are present commits a Class A misdemeanor.
(f) An offense under subsection (b), (c), (d), or (e) is a Level 6 felony if the person who commits the offense:
(1) has a prior unrelated conviction under this section in the previous five (5) years; or
(2) is operating the vehicle in violation of IC 9-30-5-1 or IC 9-30-5-2.
(g) An offense under subsection (b), (c), (d), or (e) is a Level 6 felony if the offense results in bodily injury to a worker in the worksite.
(h) An offense under subsection (b), (c), (d), or (e) is a Level 5 felony if the offense results in the death of a worker in the worksite.
(i) A person who knowingly, intentionally, or recklessly engages in an act described in section 55(b)(1), 55(b)(2), 55(b)(3), 55(b)(4), 55(b)(5), or 55(b)(6) of this chapter in the immediate vicinity of a highway worksite when workers are present commits a Class B infraction. Notwithstanding IC 34-28-5-5(c), the funds collected as judgments for an infraction under this subsection shall be transferred to the Indiana department of transportation to pay the costs of hiring off duty police officers to perform the duties described in IC 8-23-2-15(b).
As added by P.L.40-2007, SEC.6. Amended by P.L.66-2011, SEC.2; P.L.158-2013, SEC.148; P.L.217-2014, SEC.50; P.L.120-2023, SEC.5.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-57. Operation of Golf Cart on Highway

Sec. 57. A golf cart or off-road vehicle may not be operated on a highway except in accordance with:
(1) an ordinance adopted under IC 9-21-1-3(a)(14) and IC 9-21-1-3.3(a) authorizing the operation of a golf cart or an off-road vehicle on the highway; or
(2) IC 14-16-1-20 authorizing an off-road vehicle to operate on a highway.
As added by P.L.182-2009(ss), SEC.293. Amended by P.L.259-2013, SEC.17.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-58. Intrastate Carriers of Metal Coils; Certification

Sec. 58. (a) This section applies only to intrastate carriers of metal coils.
(b) 49 CFR 393.120 is adopted as Indiana law.
(c) A motor carrier (as defined in IC 8-2.1-17-10) may not initiate or terminate the commercial transport within Indiana by commercial motor vehicle of one (1) or more metal coils that, individually or grouped together, weigh at least two thousand two hundred sixty-eight (2,268) kilograms (five thousand (5,000) pounds), as provided in 49 CFR 393.120, unless the operator of the commercial motor vehicle transporting the metal coil or coils is certified in proper load securement as provided in 49 CFR 393.120.
(d) An operator of a commercial motor vehicle may not initiate or terminate the commercial transport within Indiana by the commercial motor vehicle of one (1) or more metal coils that, individually or grouped together, weigh at least two thousand two hundred sixty-eight (2,268) kilograms (five thousand (5,000) pounds), as provided in 49 CFR 393.120, unless the operator of the commercial motor vehicle transporting the metal coil or coils is certified in proper load securement as provided in 49 CFR 393.120.
(e) The department of revenue shall adopt and enforce rules under IC 4-22-2 concerning the certification in proper load securement (as provided in 49 CFR 393.120) of operators of commercial motor vehicles engaged in the commercial transport of one (1) or more metal coils, as provided in 49 CFR 393.120. The rules adopted under this subsection must recognize metal coil shipping certificates issued by other states.
(f) A person who knowingly or intentionally violates subsection (c) or (d) commits a Class A misdemeanor.
As added by P.L.65-2010, SEC.5.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 8. Vehicle Operation › 9-21-8-59. Use of Telecommunications Device While Operating a Moving Motor Vehicle

Sec. 59. (a) Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c), a person may not hold or use a telecommunications device while operating a moving motor vehicle.
(b) A telecommunications device may be used in conjunction with hands free or voice operated technology.
(c) A telecommunications device may be used or held to call 911 to report a bona fide emergency.
(d) A police officer may not, without the consent of the person:
(1) confiscate a telecommunications device for the purpose of determining compliance with this section;
(2) confiscate a telecommunications device and retain it as evidence pending trial for a violation of this section; or
(3) extract or otherwise download information from a telecommunications device for a violation of this section unless:
(A) the police officer has probable cause to believe that the telecommunications device has been used in the commission of a crime;
(B) the information is extracted or otherwise downloaded under a valid search warrant; or
(C) otherwise authorized by law.
(e) The bureau may not assess points under the point system for a violation of this section occurring before July 1, 2021.
As added by P.L.185-2011, SEC.4. Amended by P.L.191-2014, SEC.1; P.L.100-2020, SEC.3.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 9. Slow Moving Vehicles › 9-21-9-0.5. Applicability

Sec. 0.5. (a) This chapter does not apply to the following:
(1) An electric personal assistive mobility device.
(2) A low speed vehicle.
(3) Except as provided in subsection (b), a golf cart or off-road vehicle.
(4) A motor driven cycle.
(5) An electric foot scooter.
(b) An ordinance adopted in accordance with IC 9-21-1-3(a)(14) or IC 9-21-1-3.3(a) may require a golf cart or off-road vehicle to display a slow moving vehicle emblem in accordance with section 3 of this chapter or a red or amber flashing lamp in accordance with section 4 of this chapter. A fine assessed for a violation of an ordinance under this section shall be deposited in the general fund of the city, county, or town.
As added by P.L.143-2002, SEC.7. Amended by P.L.21-2003, SEC.9; P.L.150-2009, SEC.14; P.L.60-2012, SEC.2; P.L.259-2013, SEC.18; P.L.221-2014, SEC.43; P.L.142-2019, SEC.6.
2023 Indiana Code › Title 9. Motor Vehicles › Article 21. Traffic Regulation › Chapter 9. Slow Moving Vehicles › 9-21-9-1. Application of Chapter

Sec. 1. This chapter applies to a vehicle that is:
(1) pulled;
(2) towed;
(3) self-propelled; or
(4) animal-drawn;
that is not under ordinary circumstances moved, operated, or driven at a speed greater than twenty-five (25) miles per hour.
[Pre-1991 Recodification Citation: 9-8-10-2.]
As added by P.L.2-1991, SEC.9.