reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.6 - Nonresident or unknown defendant.

614.6 Nonresident or unknown defendant.
1. The period of limitation specified in sections 614.1 through 614.5 shall be computed omitting any time when:
a. The defendant is a nonresident of the state, or
b. In those cases involving personal injuries or death resulting from a felony or indictable misdemeanor, while the identity of the defendant is unknown after diligent effort has been made to discover it.
2. The provisions of this section shall be effective January 1, 1970, and to this extent the provisions are retroactive.
[C51, §1664; R60, §2745; C73, §2533; C97, §3451; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11013; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.6]
2015 Acts, ch 30, §178; 2016 Acts, ch 1011, §111
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.7 - Bar in foreign jurisdiction.

614.7 Bar in foreign jurisdiction.
When a cause of action has been fully barred by the laws of any country where the defendant has previously resided, such bar shall be the same defense here as though it had arisen under the provisions of this chapter; but this section shall not apply to causes of action arising within this state.
[C51, §1665; R60, §2746; C73, §2534; C97, §3452; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11014; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.7]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.8 - Minors and persons with mental illness.

614.8 Minors and persons with mental illness.
1. The times limited for actions in this chapter, or chapter 216, 669, or 670, except those brought for penalties and forfeitures, are extended in favor of persons with mental illness, so that they shall have one year from and after the termination of the disability within which to file a complaint pursuant to chapter 216, to make a claim pursuant to chapter 669, or to otherwise commence an action.
2. Except as provided in section 614.1, subsection 9, the times limited for actions in this chapter, or chapter 216, 659A, 669, or 670, except those brought for penalties and forfeitures, are extended in favor of minors, so that they shall have one year from and after attainment of majority within which to file a complaint pursuant to chapter 216, to make a claim pursuant to chapter 669, or to otherwise commence an action.
[C51, §1666; R60, §2747; C73, §2535; C97, §3453; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11015; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.8]
96 Acts, ch 1129, §113; 97 Acts, ch 197, §7, 16; 2007 Acts, ch 110, §2; 2021 Acts, ch 56, §10
Referred to in §216.15, 229.27, 252A.5A, 252F.2, 587.12, 600B.33, 614.19, 614.27, 659A.7, 669.13, 670.5, 714I.4
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.8A - Damages for child sexual abuse — time limitation.

614.8A Damages for child sexual abuse — time limitation.
An action for damages for injury suffered as a result of sexual abuse which occurred when the injured person was a child, but not discovered until after the injured person is of the age of majority, shall be brought within four years from the time of discovery by the injured party of both the injury and the causal relationship between the injury and the sexual abuse.
90 Acts, ch 1241, §2
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.9 - Exception in case of death.

614.9 Exception in case of death.
If the person having a cause of action dies within one year next previous to the expiration of the limitation provided for, the limitation shall not apply until one year after the person’s death.
[C51, §1667; R60, §2748; C73, §2536; C97, §3454; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11016; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.9]
2019 Acts, ch 59, §201
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.10 - Failure of action.

614.10 Failure of action.
If, after the commencement of an action, the plaintiff, for any cause except negligence in its prosecution, fails therein, and a new one is brought within six months thereafter, the second shall be held a continuation of the first.
[C51, §1668; R60, §2749; C73, §2537; C97, §3455; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11017; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.10]
2020 Acts, ch 1063, §324
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.11 - Admission in writing — new promise.

614.11 Admission in writing — new promise.
Causes of action founded on contract are revived by an admission in writing, signed by the party to be charged, that the debt is unpaid, or by a like new promise to pay the same.
[C51, §1670; R60, §2751; C73, §2539; C97, §3456; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11018; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.11]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.12 - Counterclaim.

614.12 Counterclaim.
A counterclaim may be pleaded as a defense to any cause of action, notwithstanding it is barred by the provisions of this chapter, if it was the property of the party pleading it at the time it became barred, and was not barred at the time the claim sued on originated; but no judgment thereon, except for costs, can be rendered in favor of the party so pleading it.
[R60, §2752; C73, §2540; C97, §3457; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11019; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.12]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.13 - Injunction.

614.13 Injunction.
When the commencement of an action shall be stayed by injunction or statutory prohibition, the time of the continuance of such injunction or prohibition shall not be part of the time limited for the commencement of the action, except as otherwise provided in this chapter.
[C73, §2541; C97, §3458; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11020; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.13]
2020 Acts, ch 1063, §325
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.13A - Definitions.

614.13A Definitions.
As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires, “book”, “list”, “record”, or “schedule” kept by a county auditor, assessor, treasurer, recorder, sheriff, or other county officer means the county system as defined in section 445.1.
2000 Acts, ch 1148, §1
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.14A - Real estate interests transferred by entities.

614.14A Real estate interests transferred by entities.
1. As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires:
a. (1) “Adverse claim” means a claim that the transfer of an interest in real estate to a transferee is invalid and should be set aside based on an allegation that the execution and delivery of a deed or real estate contract was not authorized by the entity.
(2) “Adverse claim” does not include a claim that a deed or real estate contract purports to transfer a greater interest than the entity legally could transfer.
b. “Entity” means the same as defined in section 558.72.
2. A transfer of an interest in real estate situated in this state by an entity by a deed or real estate contract is subject to the provisions of this section.
3. a. With regard to any deed or real estate contract executed by an entity and filed of record with the recorder of the county in which the real estate is situated, which is recorded prior to July 1, 2013, the holder of an adverse claim shall not file an action, at law or in equity, to enforce the adverse claim or to invalidate such transfer five years after July 1, 2013.
b. With regard to any deed or real estate contract executed by an entity and filed of record with the recorder of the county in which the real estate is situated, which is recorded on or after July 1, 2013, the holder of an adverse claim shall not file an action, at law or in equity, to enforce the adverse claim or to invalidate such transfer more than two years after the date of recording of the instrument.
4. This section shall not be construed to limit any personal action against a person who executed an instrument purportedly transferring an interest in real estate on behalf of an entity for damages based on a claim arising out of an allegation that the execution and delivery of the instrument was not authorized by the entity or that a warranty required in section 558.72 was false.
2013 Acts, ch 108, §6
Referred to in §558.72
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.15 - Spouse failing to join in conveyance.

614.15 Spouse failing to join in conveyance.
1. In all cases where the holder of the legal or equitable title or estate to real estate situated within this state, prior to July 1, 1981, conveyed the real estate or any interest in the real estate by deed, mortgage, or other instrument, and the spouse failed to join in the conveyance, the spouse or the heirs at law, personal representatives, devisees, grantees, or assignees of the spouse are barred from recovery unless suit is brought for recovery within one year after July 1, 1991. But in case the right to the distributive share has not accrued by the death of the spouse executing the instrument, then the one not joining is authorized to file in the recorder’s office of the county where the land is situated, a notice with affidavit setting forth affiant’s claim, together with the facts upon which the claim rests, and the residence of the claimants. If the notice is not filed within two years from July 1, 1991, the claim is barred forever. Any action contemplated in this section may include land situated in different counties, by giving notice as provided by section 617.13.
2. In all cases where the holder of the legal or equitable title or estate to real estate situated within this state, after July 1, 1981, conveyed the real estate or any interest in the real estate by deed, mortgage, or other instrument, and the spouse failed to join in the conveyance, the spouse or the heirs at law, personal representative, devisees, grantees, or assignees of the spouse are barred from recovery unless suit is brought for recovery within ten years from the date of the conveyance. However, in the case where the right to the distributive share has not accrued by the death of the spouse executing the instrument, then the party not joining is authorized to file in the recorder’s office in the county where the land is situated, a notice with affidavit setting forth the affiant’s claim, together with the facts upon which the claim is based, and the residence of the claimants. If the notice is not filed within ten years from the date of the execution of the instrument the claim is barred forever. Any action contemplated in this section may include land situated in different counties by giving notice as provided in section 617.13. The effect of filing the notice with affidavit shall extend for a further period of ten years the time within which the action may be brought. Successive notices may be filed extending this period.
[S13, §3447-b; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11022; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.15]
91 Acts, ch 183, §34; 93 Acts, ch 14, §1
Referred to in §561.13, 614.16, 614.20
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.16 - Interpretative clause.

614.16 Interpretative clause.
Sections 614.14 and 614.15 do not affect litigation pending on July 1, 1991, nor do they operate to revive rights or claims barred previous to that date, nor permit an action to be brought or maintained upon any claim or cause of action which is barred by a statute in force prior to July 1, 1991.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11023; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.16]
91 Acts, ch 183, §35
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.17 - Claims to real estate antedating 1980.

614.17 Claims to real estate antedating 1980.
1. An action based upon a claim arising or existing prior to January 1, 1980, shall not be maintained, either at law or in equity, in any court to recover real estate in this state or to recover or establish any interest in or claim to real estate, legal or equitable, against the holder of the record title to the real estate in possession, when the holder of the record title and the holder’s immediate or remote grantors are shown by the record to have held chain of title to the real estate, since January 1, 1980, unless the claimant in person, or by the claimant’s attorney or agent, or if the claimant is a minor or under legal disability, by the claimant’s guardian, trustee, or either parent, within one year from and after July 1, 1991, files in the office of the recorder of deeds of the county in which the real estate is situated, a statement in writing, which is duly acknowledged, definitely describing the real estate involved, the nature and extent of the right or interest claimed, and stating the facts upon which the claim is based.
2. For the purposes of this section, section 614.17A, and sections 614.18 through 614.20, a person who holds title to real estate by will or descent from a person who held the title of record to the real estate at the date of that person’s death or who holds title by decree or order of a court, or under a tax deed, trustee’s, referee’s, guardian’s, executor’s, administrator’s, receiver’s, assignee’s, master’s in chancery, or sheriff’s deed, holds chain of title the same as though holding by direct conveyance.
3. For the purposes of this section and section 614.17A, such possession of real estate may be shown of record by affidavits showing the possession, and when the affidavits have been filed and recorded, it is the duty of the recorder to index the applicable entries specified in sections 558.49 and 558.52 and to index the name of the owner in possession, as named in the affidavits, and in like manner, the affidavits may be filed and recorded where any action was barred on any claim by this section as in force prior to July 1, 1991.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11024; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.17]
91 Acts, ch 183, §36; 2007 Acts, ch 101, §5; 2021 Acts, ch 80, §355
Referred to in §614.17A, 614.19, 614.20
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.17A - Claims to real estate after 1992.

614.17A Claims to real estate after 1992.
1. After July 1, 1992, an action shall not be maintained in a court, either at law or in equity, in order to recover or establish an interest in or claim to real estate if all the following conditions are satisfied:
a. The action is based upon a claim arising more than ten years earlier or existing for more than ten years.
b. The action is against the holder of the record title to the real estate in possession.
c. The holder of the record title to the real estate in possession and the holder’s immediate or remote grantors are shown by the record to have held chain of title to the real estate for more than ten years.
2. a. The claimant within ten years of the date on which the claim arose or first existed must file with the county recorder in the county where the real estate is located a written statement which is duly acknowledged and definitely describes the real estate involved, the nature and extent of the right of interest claimed, and the facts upon which the claim is based. The claimant must file the statement in person or by the claimant’s attorney or agent. If the claimant is a minor or under a legal disability, the statement must be filed by the claimant’s guardian, trustee, or by either parent.
b. The filing of a claim shall extend for a further period of ten years the time within which such action may be brought by any person entitled to bring the claim. The person may file extensions for successive claims.
3. Nothing in this section shall be construed to revive any cause of action barred by section 614.17.
91 Acts, ch 183, §37; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §261
Referred to in §614.17, 614.18, 614.19, 614.20
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.18 - Claim recorded and indexed.

614.18 Claim recorded and indexed.
Any such claim so filed shall be recorded, and the entries required in section 614.17A and any applicable entries specified in sections 558.49 and 558.52 indexed, in the office of the recorder of the county where such real estate is situated.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11025; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.18]
2007 Acts, ch 101, §6
Referred to in §614.17, 614.19, 614.20, 614.26
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.18A - Judgment and decree affecting real property.

614.18A Judgment and decree affecting real property.
In an action in which the court had jurisdiction of the aggrieved party, a motion or other legal proceeding attacking the validity of the judgment or decree based on noncompliance with the requirements of
rule of civil procedure 1.972
shall not affect the interests of any purchaser or mortgagee for value of the real property involved unless the motion or proceeding is initiated within thirty days after the recording of the sheriff’s deed or within ninety days after the filing of a judgment or decree not providing for the issuance of a sheriff’s deed.
2009 Acts, ch 51, §1, 17
Referred to in §614.17, 614.20
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.19 - Inapplicability of provision regarding minors and persons with mental illness.

614.19 Inapplicability of provision regarding minors and persons with mental illness.
The provisions of section 614.8 as to the rights of minors and persons with mental illness shall not be applicable against the provisions of sections 614.17, 614.17A, 614.18, and 614.20.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11026; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.19]
96 Acts, ch 1129, §113; 2000 Acts, ch 1069, §1
Referred to in §229.27, 614.17, 614.20
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.20 - Limitation on Act.

614.20 Limitation on Act.
Sections 614.17 through 614.19 do not limit or extend the time within which actions by a spouse to recover dower or distributive share in real estate within this state may be brought or maintained under the provisions of section 614.15, nor do they limit or extend the time within which actions may be brought or maintained to foreclose or enforce any real estate mortgage, bond for deed, trust deed, or contract for the sale or conveyance of real estate under the provisions of section 614.21, nor do they revive or permit an action to be brought or maintained upon any claim or cause of action which is barred by a statute which is in force prior to July 1, 1991; nor do they affect litigation pending on July 1, 1991.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11027; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.20]
91 Acts, ch 183, §38; 2020 Acts, ch 1063, §326
Referred to in §614.17, 614.19
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.22 - Action affecting ancient deeds.

614.22 Action affecting ancient deeds.
1. An action shall not be maintained to set aside, cancel, annul, declare void or invalid, or to redeem from a tax deed, guardian’s deed, executor’s deed, administrator’s deed, receiver’s deed, referee’s deed, assignee’s deed, or sheriff’s deed which has been recorded in the office of the recorder of the county or counties in this state in which the land described in the deed is situated prior to January 1, 1980, unless the action is commenced prior to January 1, 1992, and if an action to set aside, cancel, annul, declare void or invalid, or to redeem from the deed is not commenced prior to January 1, 1992, then the deed and all the proceedings upon which the deed is based are valid and unimpeachable and effective to convey title as stated in the deed, without exception for infancy, mental illness, absence from the state, or other disability or cause; provided that this subsection and section 614.23 do not apply to real property described in a deed which is not in the possession of those claiming title under the deed.
2. a. On and after January 1, 1992, an action shall not be maintained to set aside, cancel, annul, declare void or invalid, or to redeem from a tax deed, guardian’s deed, executor’s deed, administrator’s deed, receiver’s deed, referee’s deed, assignee’s deed, or sheriff’s deed, if the deed has been recorded in the office of the recorder for more than ten years. The deed must be recorded in the office of the recorder of the county or counties in which the land described in the deed is situated. If an action under this subsection is not commenced within ten years of the recording of the deed, then the deed and all proceedings upon which the deed is based are valid and unimpeachable and effective to convey title as stated in the deed, without exception for infancy, mental illness, absence from the state, or other disability or cause.
b. However, this subsection and section 614.23 do not apply to real property described in a deed which is not in the possession of those claiming title under the deed.
[SS15, §3447-d; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11029; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.22]
91 Acts, ch 183, §39; 2000 Acts, ch 1069, §2; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §261
Referred to in §229.27, 614.23
Legalizing Acts, chapter 589
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.23 - How possession established.

614.23 How possession established.
The possession of the persons claiming title as provided for in section 614.22 may be established by affidavit recorded in the office of the recorder of the county or counties in this state in which the deed to the land referred to in said affidavit is recorded.
[SS15, §3447-e; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11030; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.23]
Referred to in §614.22
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.25 - Effect of filing claim.

614.25 Effect of filing claim.
The filing of such claim shall extend for a further period of twenty-one years the time within which such action may be brought by any person entitled thereto, and successive claims for further like extensions may be filed.
[C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.25]
Referred to in §455I.9, 457A.2, 614.26, 614.27, 614.28
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.26 - Indexing.

614.26 Indexing.
The provisions of section 614.18 are made applicable to the provisions of sections 614.24 and 614.25, this section, and sections 614.27 and 614.28.
[C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.26]
2020 Acts, ch 1063, §327
Referred to in §455I.9, 457A.2, 614.27, 614.28
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.27 - Persons under disability.

614.27 Persons under disability.
The provisions of section 614.8 as to the rights of minors and persons with mental illness shall not be applicable against the provisions of sections 614.24 through 614.26, this section, and section 614.28.
[C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.27]
96 Acts, ch 1129, §113; 2020 Acts, ch 1063, §328
Referred to in §229.27, 455I.9, 457A.2, 614.26, 614.28
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.28 - Barred claims.

614.28 Barred claims.
The provisions of sections 614.24 through 614.27, or the filing of a claim or claims under this subchapter, shall not revive or permit an action to be brought or maintained upon any claim or cause of action which is barred by any other statute. Provided further, that nothing contained in these sections shall affect litigation pending on July 4, 1965.
[C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.28]
2020 Acts, ch 1063, §329
Referred to in §455I.9, 457A.2, 614.26, 614.27
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.29 - Definitions.

614.29 Definitions.
As used in this chapter:
1. “Marketable record title” means a title of record, as indicated in section 614.31, which operates to extinguish such interests and claims, existing prior to the effective date of the root of title, as are stated in section 614.33.
2. “Records” includes probate and other official public records, as well as records in the office of the county recorder.
3. “Recording”, when applied to the official public records of a probate or other court, includes filing.
4. “Person dealing with the land” includes a purchaser of any estate or interest therein, a mortgagee, a levying or attaching creditor, a land contract vendee, or any other person, corporation, or entity seeking to acquire an estate or interest therein, or impose a lien thereon.
5. “Root of title” means that conveyance or other title transaction or other link in the chain of title of a person, purporting to create the interest claimed by such person, upon which the person relies as a basis for the marketability of the person’s title, and which was the most recent to be recorded or established as of a date forty years prior to the time when marketability is being determined. The effective date of the “root of title” is the date on which it is recorded.
6. “Title transaction” means any transaction affecting title to any interest in land, including title by will or descent, title by tax deed, or deed by trustee, referee, guardian, executor, administrator, master in chancery, sheriff, or any other form of deed or decree of any court, as well as warranty deed, quitclaim deed, mortgage, or transfer or conveyance of any kind.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.29]
2004 Acts, ch 1052, §5
Referred to in §257B.28, 455I.9, 457A.2, 614.31
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.30 - Construction liberal.

614.30 Construction liberal.
This chapter shall be liberally construed to effect the legislative purpose of simplifying and facilitating land title transactions by allowing persons to rely on a record chain of title as described in section 614.31, subject only to such limitations as appear in section 614.32.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.30]
2004 Acts, ch 1052, §6
Referred to in §257B.28, 455I.9, 457A.2
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.31 - Forty-year chain of title.

614.31 Forty-year chain of title.
Any person who has an unbroken chain of title of record to any interest in land for forty years or more, shall be deemed to have a marketable record title to such interest as defined in section 614.29, subject only to the matters stated in section 614.32. A person shall be deemed to have such an unbroken chain of title when the official public records disclose a conveyance or other title transaction, of record not less than forty years at the time the marketability is to be determined, which said conveyance or other title transaction purports to create such interest, either in:
1. The person claiming such interest, or
2. Some other person from whom, by one or more conveyances or other title transactions of record, such purported interest has become vested in the person claiming such interest; with nothing appearing of record, in either case, purporting to divest such claimant of such purported interest.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.31]
Referred to in §257B.28, 455I.9, 457A.2, 614.29, 614.30
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.32 - What interests and rights subject.

614.32 What interests and rights subject.
Such marketable record title shall be subject to:
1. All interests and defects which are inherent in the muniments of which such chain of record title is formed; provided however, that a general reference in such muniments, or any of them, to easements, use restrictions or other interests created prior to the root of title shall not be sufficient to preserve them, unless specific identification be made therein of a recorded title transaction which creates such easement, use restriction, or other interest.
2. All interest preserved by the filing of proper notice or by possession by the same owner continuously for a period of forty years or more, in accordance with section 614.34.
3. The rights of any person arising from a period of adverse possession or user, which was in whole or in part subsequent to the effective date of the root of title.
4. Any interest arising out of a title transaction which has been recorded subsequent to the effective date of the root of title from which the unbroken chain of title of record is started; provided such recording shall not revive or give validity to any interest which has been extinguished prior to the time of the recording by the operation of section 614.33.
5. The exceptions as stated and set forth in section 614.36.
6. All interests created by an environmental covenant established pursuant to chapter 455I.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.32]
2005 Acts, ch 102, §19
Referred to in §257B.28, 455I.9, 457A.2, 614.30, 614.31, 614.33
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.33 - Free and clear of other interests not stated.

614.33 Free and clear of other interests not stated.
Subject to the matters stated in section 614.32, such marketable record title shall be held by its owner and shall be taken by any person dealing with the land free and clear of all interests, claims or charges whatsoever, the existence of which depends upon any act, transaction, event or omission that occurred prior to the effective date of the root of title. All such interests, claims or charges, however denominated, whether legal or equitable, present or future, whether such interest, claims or charges are asserted by a person able to assert a claim on the person’s own behalf or under a disability, whether such person is within or without the state, whether such person is natural or corporate, or is private or governmental, are hereby declared to be null and void.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.33]
Referred to in §257B.28, 455I.9, 457A.2, 614.29, 614.32
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.34 - Preserving interest during forty-year period.

614.34 Preserving interest during forty-year period.
1. Any person claiming an interest in land may preserve and keep effective such interest by filing for record during the forty-year period immediately following the effective date of the root of title of the person whose record title would otherwise be marketable, a notice in writing duly verified by oath or affirmation setting forth the nature of the claim. No disability or lack of knowledge of any kind on the part of anyone shall suspend the running of said forty-year period. Such notice may be filed for record by the claimant or by any other person acting on behalf of any claimant who is:
a. Under a disability,
b. Unable to assert a claim on the claimant’s own behalf, or
c. One of a class, but whose identity cannot be established or is uncertain at the time of filing such notice of claim for record.
2. If the same record owner of any possessory interest in land has been in possession of such land continuously for a period of forty years or more, during which period no title transaction with respect to such interest appears of record in the chain of title, and no notice has been filed by the record owner or on the record owner’s behalf as provided in subsection 1, and such possession continues to the time when marketability is being determined, such period of possession shall be deemed equivalent to the filing of the notice immediately preceding the termination of the forty-year period described in subsection 1.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.34]
Referred to in §257B.28, 455I.9, 457A.2, 614.32, 614.35
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.35 - Recording interest.

614.35 Recording interest.
To be effective and to be entitled to record, the notice referred to in section 614.34 shall contain an accurate and full description of all land affected by such notice which description shall be set forth in particular terms and not by general inclusions; but if the claim is founded upon a recorded instrument, then the description in such notice may be the same as that contained in such recorded instrument. Such notice shall be filed for record in the office of the county recorder of the county or counties where the land described in the notice is situated. The recorder of each county shall accept all such notices presented to the recorder which describe land located in the county in which the recorder serves and shall enter and record full copies of the notices and shall index the applicable entries specified in sections 558.49 and 558.52, and each recorder shall be entitled to charge the same fees for the recording of the notices as are charged for recording deeds. In indexing such notices in the recorder’s office each recorder shall enter such notices under the grantee indexes of deeds in the names of the claimants appearing in such notices.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.35]
2006 Acts, ch 1031, §15; 2007 Acts, ch 101, §7; 2015 Acts, ch 30, §179
Referred to in §257B.28, 331.602, 331.607, 455I.9, 457A.2
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.36 - Lessors, reversioners, and easements.

614.36 Lessors, reversioners, and easements.
This chapter shall not be applied to bar any lessor or lessor’s successor as a reversioner of the lessor’s right to possession on the expiration of any lease; or to bar or extinguish any easement or interest in the nature of an easement, the existence of which is apparent from or can be proved by physical evidence of its use; or to bar any right, title or interest of the United States, by reason of failure to file the notice herein required.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.36]
2004 Acts, ch 1052, §7
Referred to in §257B.28, 455I.9, 457A.2, 614.32
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.37 - Limitation statutes not extended.

614.37 Limitation statutes not extended.
Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed to extend the period for the bringing of an action or for the doing of any other required act under any statutes of limitations, nor, except as herein specifically provided, to effect the operation of any statutes governing the effect of the recording or the failure to record any instrument affecting land. It is intended that nothing contained in this chapter be interpreted to revive or extend the period of filing a claim or bringing an action that may be limited or barred by any other statute.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.37]
2004 Acts, ch 1052, §8; 2004 Acts, ch 1175, §387
Referred to in §257B.28, 455I.9, 457A.2
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 614 - LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS › Section 614.38 - Period extension in certain cases.

614.38 Period extension in certain cases.
If the forty-year period specified in this chapter shall have expired prior to one year after July 1, 1969, such period shall be extended one year after July 1, 1969.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §614.38]
2004 Acts, ch 1052, §9
Referred to in §257B.28, 455I.9, 457A.2
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 615 - LIMITATIONS ON JUDGMENTS › Section 615.1 - Execution on certain judgments prohibited.

615.1 Execution on certain judgments prohibited.
1. After the expiration of a period of two years from the date of entry of judgment, exclusive of any time during which execution on the judgment was stayed pending a bankruptcy action or order of court, a judgment entered in any of the following actions shall be null and void, all liens shall be extinguished, and no execution shall be issued except as a setoff or counterclaim:
a. For a real estate mortgage, deed of trust, or real estate contract executed prior to July 1, 2009, an action for the foreclosure of the real estate mortgage, deed of trust, or real estate contract upon property which at the time the foreclosure is commenced is either used for an agricultural purpose as defined in section 535.13 or as a one-family or two-family dwelling which is the residence of the mortgagor.
b. For a real estate mortgage, deed of trust, or real estate contract executed on or after July 1, 2009, an action for the foreclosure of the real estate mortgage, deed of trust, or real estate contract upon property which at the time of the execution of the mortgage, deed, or contract is either used for, or is being acquired for, an agricultural purpose as defined in section 535.13 or as a one-family or two-family dwelling which is the residence of the mortgagor.
2. As used in this section, “mortgagor” means a mortgagor or a borrower executing a deed of trust as provided in chapter 654 or a vendee of a real estate contract.
[C35, §11033-e1; C39, §11033.1; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §615.1]
94 Acts, ch 1115, §1; 2006 Acts, ch 1132, §2, 16; 2008 Acts, ch 1031, §66; 2009 Acts, ch 51, §2, 17; 2013 Acts, ch 95, §2
Referred to in §654.1A, 654.17
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 615 - LIMITATIONS ON JUDGMENTS › Section 615.1A - Execution on judgment — claim for rent.

615.1A Execution on judgment — claim for rent.
After the expiration of a period of ten years from the date of entry of judgment of a court not of record, or twenty years from the date of entry of judgment of a court of record, in an action on a claim for rent, exclusive of any time during which execution on the judgment was stayed pending a bankruptcy action or order of court, such judgment shall be null and void, all liens shall be extinguished, and no execution shall be issued. However, in the event that the judgment or the right to collect thereon is sold or otherwise assigned for value to a third party other than a state or federally chartered bank or credit union, such judgment shall be null and void, all liens shall be extinguished, and no execution shall be issued after the expiration of two years from the date of entry of the judgment, exclusive of any time during which execution on the judgment was stayed pending a bankruptcy action or order of court.
2013 Acts, ch 95, §3; 2018 Acts, ch 1148, §2
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 615 - LIMITATIONS ON JUDGMENTS › Section 615.2 - Revival of certain judgments prohibited.

615.2 Revival of certain judgments prohibited.
An action or proceedings shall not be brought in any court of this state for the purpose of renewing or extending such judgment. Provided, however, that nothing herein shall prevent the continuance of such judgment in force against the property subject to foreclosure only for a longer period by the voluntary written stipulation of the judgment creditor and the equitable titleholders, filed in the action or proceedings.
[C35, §11033-e2; C39, §11033.2; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §615.2]
2006 Acts, ch 1132, §3, 16
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 615 - LIMITATIONS ON JUDGMENTS › Section 615.3 - Future judgments without foreclosure.

615.3 Future judgments without foreclosure.
A judgment hereafter rendered on a promissory obligation secured by a mortgage, deed of trust, or real estate contract upon property which at the time of the judgment is either used for an agricultural purpose as defined in section 535.13 or a one-family or two-family dwelling which is the residence of the mortgagor, but without foreclosure against the security, shall not be subject to renewal by action thereon, and, after the lapse of two years from the date of rendition, shall be without force and effect for any purpose whatsoever except as a setoff or counterclaim. As used in this section, “mortgagor” means a mortgagor of a mortgage or a borrower executing a deed of trust as provided in chapter 654 or the vendee of a real estate contract.
[C35, §11033-g1; C39, §11033.3; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §615.3]
94 Acts, ch 1115, §2; 94 Acts, ch 1199, §67; 95 Acts, ch 49, §22
Referred to in §654.1A
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 615 - LIMITATIONS ON JUDGMENTS › Section 615.4 - Chapter inapplicable in certain situations.

615.4 Chapter inapplicable in certain situations.
This chapter shall not be applied to actions which are subject to an agreement entered into pursuant to either section 628.26A or section 654.19.
85 Acts, ch 252, §42
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 616 - PLACE OF BRINGING ACTIONS › Section 616.1 - Real property.

616.1 Real property.
Actions for the recovery of real property, or of an estate therein, or for the determination of such right or interest, or for the partition of real property, must be brought in the county in which the subject of the action or some part thereof is situated.
[C51, §1703; R60, §2795; C73, §2576; C97, §3491; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11034; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §616.1]
Real estate foreclosure, §654.3
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 616 - PLACE OF BRINGING ACTIONS › Section 616.2 - Injuries to real property.

616.2 Injuries to real property.
Actions for injuries to real property may be brought either in the county where the property is, or where the defendant resides.
[C73, §2577; C97, §3492; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11035; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §616.2]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 616 - PLACE OF BRINGING ACTIONS › Section 616.3 - Local actions.

616.3 Local actions.
Actions for the following causes must be brought in the county where the cause, or some part thereof, arose:
1. For fines, penalties, or forfeitures. Those for the recovery of a fine, penalty, or forfeiture imposed by a statute; but when the offense for which the claim is made was committed on a watercourse or road which is the boundary of two counties, the action may be brought in either of them.
2. Against public officers. Those against a public officer or person specially appointed to execute the public officer’s duties, for an act done by the officer or person in virtue or under color of the public office, or against one who by the officer’s or person’s command or in the officer’s or person’s aid shall do anything touching the duties of such officer, or for neglect of official duty.
3. On official bonds. Those on the official bond of a public officer.
4. Actions on bonds of executor or guardian. Those on the bond of an executor, administrator, or guardian may be brought in the county in which the appointment was made and such bond filed.
5. Actions on other bonds. Actions on all other bonds provided for or authorized by law may be brought in the county in which such bond was filed and approved.
[R60, §2796; C73, §2579; C97, §3494; S13, §3494; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11036; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §616.3]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 616 - PLACE OF BRINGING ACTIONS › Section 616.4 - Nonresident — attachment.

616.4 Nonresident — attachment.
An action against a nonresident of the state, when aided by an attachment, may be brought in any county of the state wherein any part of the property sought to be attached may be found, or wherein any part was situated when the action was commenced, or where the defendant is personally served in this state.
[C51, §1703; R60, §2797; C73, §2580; C97, §3495; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11037; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §616.4]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 616 - PLACE OF BRINGING ACTIONS › Section 616.5 - Resident — attachment.

616.5 Resident — attachment.
Except as hereinafter provided, an action against a resident of this state must be brought in the county of the defendant’s residence, or that in which the contract was to be performed, except that, if an action be duly brought against such defendant in any other county by virtue of any of the provisions of this chapter, then such action may, if legal cause for an attachment exist, be aided by attachment.
[R60, §2797; C73, §2580; C97, §3495; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11038; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §616.5]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 616 - PLACE OF BRINGING ACTIONS › Section 616.6 - Transfer — attached property held.

616.6 Transfer — attached property held.
Should such action be brought against a resident of this state in any other county than that of the defendant’s residence, the defendant may have the place of trial changed to the district court of the county wherein the defendant resides, in the same manner and upon the same terms as provided in
rule of civil procedure 1.808
, and the property attached shall not be released because said action was brought in the wrong county, but shall be held and subject in the same manner as if said action had been brought in the county of defendant’s residence.
[R60, §2797; C73, §2580; C97, §3495; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11039; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §616.6]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 616 - PLACE OF BRINGING ACTIONS › Section 616.7 - Place of contract.

616.7 Place of contract.
When, by its terms, a written contract is to be performed in any particular place, action for a breach thereof may, except as otherwise provided, be brought in the county wherein such place is situated.
[C51, §1704; R60, §2798; C73, §2581; C97, §3496; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11040; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §616.7]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 616 - PLACE OF BRINGING ACTIONS › Section 616.8 - Certain carriers and transmission companies — actions against.

616.8 Certain carriers and transmission companies — actions against.
An action may be brought against any railway corporation, the owner of stages, or other line of coaches or cars, express, canal, steamboat and other river crafts, telegraph and telephone companies, or the owner of any line for the transmission of electric current for lighting, power, or heating purposes, and the lessees, companies, or persons operating the same, in any county through which such road or line passes or is operated.
[C73, §2582; C97, §3497; S13, §3497; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11041; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §616.8]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 616 - PLACE OF BRINGING ACTIONS › Section 616.9 - Construction companies.

616.9 Construction companies.
An action may be brought against any corporation, company, or person engaged in the construction of a railway, canal, telegraph or telephone line, oil, gas, or gasoline transmission lines, highway, or public drainage improvement, on any contract relating thereto, or to any part thereof, or for damages in any manner growing out of the contract or work thereunder, in any county where such contract was made, or performed in whole or in part, or where the work was done out of which the damage claimed arose.
[C73, §2583; C97, §3498; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §11042; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §616.9]