reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.394 - Lamp or flag on projecting load.

321.394 Lamp or flag on projecting load.
Whenever the load upon any vehicle extends to the rear four feet or more beyond the bed or body of such vehicle there shall be displayed at the extreme rear end of the load, at the times specified in section 321.384, a red light or lantern plainly visible from a distance of at least five hundred feet to the sides and rear. The red light or lantern required under this section shall be in addition to the red rear light required upon every vehicle. At any other time there shall be displayed at the extreme rear end of such load a red flag or cloth not less than sixteen inches square.
[C39, §5034.03; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.394]
Referred to in §321.1, 456A.12, 805.8A(12)(a)
For applicable scheduled fines, see §805.8A, subsection 12, paragraph a
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.395 - Lamps on parked vehicles.

321.395 Lamps on parked vehicles.
Whenever a vehicle is parked or stopped upon a roadway or shoulder adjacent to the roadway, outside of a business district whether attended or unattended during the times mentioned in section 321.384, such vehicle shall be equipped with one or more lamps which shall exhibit a white or amber light on the roadway side visible from a distance of five hundred feet to the front of such vehicle and a red light visible from a distance of five hundred feet to the rear, except that local authorities may provide by ordinance or resolution that no lights need be displayed upon any such vehicle when stopped or parked in accordance with local parking regulations upon a highway where there is sufficient light to reveal any person or object within a distance of five hundred feet upon such highway. Any lighted headlamps upon a parked vehicle shall be depressed or dimmed.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, §5054; C39, §5034.04; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.395]
98 Acts, ch 1178, §4
Referred to in §321.1, 321.396, 456A.12, 805.8A(6)(z)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 6
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.396 - Exception.

321.396 Exception.
Section 321.395 shall not apply when an accident extinguishes said light and renders a vehicle incapable of use, and when the person in control of the vehicle erects, at the earliest opportunity after the accident, such proper light at or near the vehicle as will give warning of the presence of said vehicle.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, §5055; C39, §5034.05; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.396]
Referred to in §321.1, 456A.12
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.397 - Lamps on bicycles.

321.397 Lamps on bicycles.
Every bicycle shall be equipped with a lamp on the front exhibiting a white light, at the times specified in section 321.384, visible from a distance of at least three hundred feet to the front and with a lamp on the rear exhibiting a red light visible from a distance of three hundred feet to the rear; except that a red reflector may be used in lieu of a rear light. A peace officer riding a police bicycle is not required to use either front or rear lamps if duty so requires.
[C31, 35, §5045-d1; C39, §5034.06; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.397]
97 Acts, ch 71, §3; 97 Acts, ch 108, §21
Referred to in §321.1, 456A.12, 805.8A(9)(j)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 9
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.398 - Lamps on other vehicles and equipment.

321.398 Lamps on other vehicles and equipment.
All vehicles, including animal-drawn vehicles and including those referred to in section 321.383 not specifically required to be equipped with lamps, shall at the times specified in section 321.384 be equipped with at least one lighted lamp or lantern exhibiting a white light visible from a distance of five hundred feet to the front of such vehicle and, except for animal-drawn vehicles, with a lamp or lantern exhibiting a red light visible from a distance of five hundred feet to the rear. Animal-drawn vehicles shall be equipped with a flashing amber light visible from a distance of five hundred feet to the rear of the vehicle during the time specified in section 321.384.
[C31, 35, §5045-d1; C39, §5034.07; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.398]
2021 Acts, ch 80, §175
Referred to in §321.1, 321.423, 456A.12, 805.8A(3)(q)
For applicable scheduled fines, see §805.8A, subsection 3
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.402 - Spot lamps.

321.402 Spot lamps.
Any motor vehicle may be equipped with not to exceed one spot lamp and every lighted spot lamp shall be so aimed and used upon approaching another vehicle that no part of the high-intensity portion of the beam will be directed to the left of the prolongation of the extreme left side of the vehicle nor more than one hundred feet ahead of the vehicle.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, §5051; C39, §5034.11; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.402]
Referred to in §321.1, 456A.12, 805.8A(3)(r)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.403 - Auxiliary driving lamps.

321.403 Auxiliary driving lamps.
Any motor vehicle may be equipped with not to exceed three auxiliary driving lamps mounted on the front at a height not less than twelve inches nor more than forty-two inches above the level surface upon which the vehicle stands, and every such auxiliary driving lamp or lamps shall meet the requirements and limitations set forth in this chapter.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, §5050; C39, §5034.12; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.403]
Referred to in §321.1, 456A.12, 805.8A(3)(s)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.404 - Signal lamps and signal devices.

321.404 Signal lamps and signal devices.
Every motor vehicle shall be equipped with a signal lamp or signal device which is so constructed and located on the vehicle as to give a signal of intention to stop, which shall be red or yellow in color, which signal shall be plainly visible and understandable in normal sunlight and at night from a distance of one hundred feet to the rear but shall not project a glaring or dazzling light.
[C39, §5034.13; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.404]
Referred to in §321.1, 321.234A, 321.404A, 456A.12, 805.8A(3)(t)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.404A - Light-restricting devices prohibited.

321.404A Light-restricting devices prohibited.
1. A person shall not operate a motor vehicle, motorcycle, or motorized bicycle on the highways of this state if it is equipped with a device that restricts the light output of a headlamp required under section 321.385 or 321.386, a rear lamp required under section 321.387, a signal lamp or signal device required under section 321.404, or a directional signal device as described in section 321.317.
2. A person who violates this section shall be subject to a scheduled fine under section 805.8A, subsection 3.
99 Acts, ch 13, §16; 2001 Acts, ch 137, §5; 2010 Acts, ch 1190, §52
Referred to in §321.1, 456A.12, 805.8A(3)(u)
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.405 - Self-illumination.

321.405 Self-illumination.
All mechanical signal devices shall be self-illuminated when in use at the times mentioned in section 321.384.
[C39, §5034.14; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.405]
Referred to in §321.1, 456A.12
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.408 - Back-up lamps.

321.408 Back-up lamps.
1. A motor vehicle may be equipped with a back-up lamp either separately or in combination with another lamp.
2. A back-up lamp shall not be continuously lighted when the motor vehicle is in forward motion.
3. A person who violates this section commits a simple misdemeanor.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, §5050; C39, §5034.17; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.408]
2010 Acts, ch 1140, §13
Referred to in §321.1, 456A.12
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.409 - Mandatory lighting equipment.

321.409 Mandatory lighting equipment.
1. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the headlamps or the auxiliary driving lamp or the auxiliary passing lamp or combination thereof on motor vehicles other than motorcycles or motorized bicycles shall be so arranged that the driver may select at will between distributions of light projected to different elevations and the lamps may, in addition, be so arranged that selection can be made automatically, subject to the following limitations:
a. There shall be an uppermost distribution of light, or composite beam, so aimed and of sufficient intensity to reveal persons and vehicles at a distance of at least three hundred fifty feet ahead for all conditions.
b. There shall be a lowermost distribution of light, or composite beam so aimed and of sufficient intensity to reveal persons and vehicles at a distance of at least one hundred feet ahead. On a straight level road under any condition of loading none of the high-intensity portion of the beam shall be directed to strike the eyes of an approaching driver.
2. Every new motor vehicle, other than a motorcycle or motorized bicycle which has multiple-beam road-lighting equipment shall be equipped with a beam indicator, which shall be lighted whenever the uppermost distribution of light from the headlamps is in use, and shall not otherwise be lighted. The indicator shall be so designed and located that when lighted it will be readily visible without glare to the driver of the vehicle.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, §5049, 5052; C39, §5034.18 – 5034.22; C46, 50, 54, §321.409 – 321.413; C58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.409]
2010 Acts, ch 1061, §118; 2021 Acts, ch 80, §176
Referred to in §321.1, 321.275, 321.390, 321.415, 321.417, 321.418, 321O.6, 456A.12, 805.8A(3)(v)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.415 - Required usage of lighting devices.

321.415 Required usage of lighting devices.
1. Whenever a motor vehicle is being operated on a roadway or shoulder during the times specified in section 321.384, the driver shall use a distribution of light, or composite beam, directed high enough and of sufficient intensity to reveal persons and vehicles at a safe distance in advance of the vehicle, subject to the following requirements and limitations:
a. Whenever a driver of a vehicle approaches an oncoming vehicle within one thousand feet, the driver shall use a distribution of light, or composite beam, so aimed that the glaring rays are not projected into the eyes of the oncoming driver. The lowermost distribution of light, or composite beam, specified in section 321.409, subsection 1, paragraph “b”, shall be deemed to avoid glare at all times, regardless of road contour and loading.
b. Whenever the driver of a vehicle follows another vehicle within four hundred feet to the rear, except when engaged in the act of overtaking and passing, the driver shall use a distribution of light permissible under this chapter other than the uppermost distribution of light specified in section 321.409, subsection 1, paragraph “a”.
2. The provisions of subsection 1, paragraphs “a” and “b”, do not apply to motorcycles or motorized bicycles being operated between sunrise and sunset.
[C39, §5034.23 – 5034.25; C46, 50, 54, §321.414 – 321.416; C58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.415]
92 Acts, ch 1175, §36; 2010 Acts, ch 1061, §175
Referred to in §321.1, 321.384, 321.418, 456A.12, 805.8A(3)(w)
For applicable scheduled fines, see §805.8A, subsection 3
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.417 - Single-beam road-lighting equipment.

321.417 Single-beam road-lighting equipment.
Headlamps arranged to provide a single distribution of light not supplemented by auxiliary driving lamps shall be permitted on motor vehicles manufactured and sold prior to July 1, 1938, in lieu of multiple-beam road-lighting equipment specified in section 321.409 if the single distribution of light complies with the following requirements and limitations:
1. The headlamps shall be so aimed that when the vehicle is not loaded none of the high-intensity portion of the light shall at a distance of twenty-five feet ahead project higher than a level of five inches below the level of the center of the lamp from which it comes, and in no case higher than forty-two inches above the level on which the vehicle stands at a distance of seventy-five feet ahead.
2. The intensity of the light shall be sufficient to reveal persons and vehicles at a distance of at least two hundred feet.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, §5049; C39, §5034.26; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.417]
2010 Acts, ch 1069, §97
Referred to in §321.1, 321.418
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.418 - Alternate road-lighting equipment.

321.418 Alternate road-lighting equipment.
Any motor vehicle may be operated under the conditions specified in section 321.384 when equipped with two lighted lamps upon the front thereof capable of revealing persons and objects seventy-five feet ahead in lieu of lamps required in sections 321.409 and 321.415, or section 321.417, provided, however, that at no time shall it be operated at a speed in excess of twenty miles per hour.
[C39, §5034.27; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.418]
Referred to in §321.1
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.419 - Number of driving lamps required or permitted.

321.419 Number of driving lamps required or permitted.
At all times specified in section 321.384 at least two lighted lamps, except where one only is permitted, shall be displayed, one on each side at the front of every motor vehicle except when such vehicle is parked subject to the regulations governing lights on parked vehicles.
[C39, §5034.28; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.419]
Referred to in §321.1, 805.8A(3)(x)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
[ ()]Lamps on parked vehicles, §321.395
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.420 - Number of lamps lighted.

321.420 Number of lamps lighted.
Whenever a motor vehicle equipped with headlamps as required in this chapter is also equipped with any auxiliary lamps or a spot lamp or any other lamp on the front of the vehicle, that projects a beam of an intensity greater than three hundred candlepower, not more than a total of four of any such lamps on the front of the vehicle shall be lighted at any one time when upon a highway.
[C39, §5034.29; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.420]
2021 Acts, ch 80, §177; 2022 Acts, ch 1021, §72
Referred to in §321.1, 805.8A(3)(y)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
Section amended
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.421 - Special restrictions on lamps.

321.421 Special restrictions on lamps.
1. Any lighted lamp or illuminating device upon a motor vehicle other than headlamps, spot lamps, or auxiliary driving lamps which projects a beam of light of an intensity greater than three hundred candlepower shall be so directed that no part of the beam will strike the level of the roadway on which the vehicle stands at a distance of more than seventy-five feet from the vehicle.
2. A person convicted of a violation of this section is guilty of a simple misdemeanor punishable as a scheduled violation under section 805.8A, subsection 3.
[C39, §5034.30; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.421]
2000 Acts, ch 1203, §16; 2001 Acts, ch 137, §5; 2010 Acts, ch 1190, §53
Referred to in §321.1, 805.8A(3)(z)
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.422 - Red light in front — rear lights.

321.422 Red light in front — rear lights.
1. No person shall drive or move any vehicle or equipment upon any highway with any lamp or device thereon displaying or reflecting a red light visible from directly in front thereof. No person shall display any color of light other than red on the rear of any vehicle, except that stop lights and directional signals may be red, yellow, or amber.
2. This section shall not apply to authorized emergency vehicles, or school buses and vehicles as provided in section 321.423, subsection 6.
[C39, §5034.31; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.422]
2010 Acts, ch 1069, §98
Referred to in §321.1, 805.8A(3)(aa)
See also §321.383
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.431 - Performance ability.

321.431 Performance ability.
1. The service brakes upon any motor vehicle or combination of motor vehicles, when upon dry asphalt or concrete pavement surface free from loose material where the grade does not exceed one percent, when traveling twenty miles per hour shall be adequate:
a. To stop such vehicle or vehicles having a gross weight of less than five thousand pounds within a distance of thirty feet.
b. To stop such vehicle or vehicles having a gross weight in excess of five thousand pounds within a distance of forty-five feet.
2. Under the conditions specified in subsection 1, the hand brake shall be adequate to hold the vehicle or vehicles stationary on any grade upon which operated.
3. Under the conditions specified in subsection 1, the service brakes upon a motor vehicle equipped with two-wheel brakes only, and when permitted under this section, shall be adequate to stop the vehicle within a distance of forty-five feet and the hand brake adequate to stop the vehicle within a distance of fifty-five feet.
4. All braking distances specified in this section shall apply to all vehicles mentioned, whether such vehicles are not loaded or are loaded to the maximum capacity permitted under this chapter.
5. All brakes shall be maintained in good working order and shall be so adjusted as to operate as equally as practicable with respect to the wheels on opposite sides of the vehicle.
6. A person who violates this section commits a simple misdemeanor punishable as a scheduled violation under section 805.8A, subsection 3, paragraph “ae”.
[S13, §1571-m17; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5039; C39, §5034.40; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.431]
2010 Acts, ch 1140, §14; 2019 Acts, ch 24, §45; 2020 Acts, ch 1063, §151; 2020 Acts, ch 1074, §41, 93
Referred to in §321.189, 321.430, 321.464, 805.8A(3)(ae)
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.432 - Horns and warning devices.

321.432 Horns and warning devices.
Every motor vehicle when operated upon a highway shall be equipped with a horn in good working order and capable of emitting sound audible under normal conditions from a distance of not less than two hundred feet, but no horn or other warning device shall emit an unreasonably loud or harsh sound or a whistle. The driver of a motor vehicle shall when reasonably necessary to insure safe operation give audible warning with the horn but shall not otherwise use such horn when upon a highway.
[S13, §1571-m17; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5040, 5041; C39, §5034.41; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.432]
Referred to in §321.234A, 805.8A(3)(af)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.433 - Sirens, whistles, air horns, and bells prohibited.

321.433 Sirens, whistles, air horns, and bells prohibited.
1. A vehicle shall not be equipped with and a person shall not use upon a vehicle any siren, whistle, or bell, except as otherwise permitted in this section or any other provision of law.
2. It is permissible but not required that any commercial vehicle be equipped with a theft alarm signal device which is so arranged that it cannot be used by the driver as an ordinary warning signal.
3. Any authorized emergency vehicle may be equipped with a siren, whistle, air horn, or bell capable of emitting sound audible under normal conditions from a distance of not less than five hundred feet.
4. An authorized emergency medical services program, fire department, or law enforcement agency may equip one or more vehicles with an air horn or a low-frequency siren.
5. An official fire department vehicle, emergency medical services program vehicle, or law enforcement vehicle owned by the state, a municipality, as defined in section 670.1, or a corporation providing emergency medical services, that was purchased, delivered, or refurbished on or after July 1, 2022, excluding an all-terrain vehicle or a special service vehicle, shall be equipped with an electric or electronic siren capable of emitting at least two distinct siren tones, and one or more compatible siren speakers.
6. An authorized emergency vehicle’s siren, whistle, air horn, or bell shall not be used except when the vehicle is operated in response to an emergency call, an incident dangerous to the public, an official training exercise, in a parade or designated public service event, for maintenance or demonstration purposes, or in the immediate pursuit of an actual or suspected violator of the law, and the driver of the vehicle shall sound the siren, whistle, air horn, or bell when the driver reasonably believes necessary to warn pedestrians and other drivers of the approach of the vehicle.
7. A towing or recovery vehicle, unless owned by the state or a municipality, as defined in section 670.1, shall not be equipped with a siren.
8. For purposes of this section:
a. “Electric siren” means an audible warning device that produces sound using an electric motor with an attached rotating slotted or perforated disc.
b. “Electronic siren” means an audible warning device that produces sound electronically using amplifiers and electromagnetic speakers.
c. “Low-frequency siren” means a siren that produces low-frequency sound waves and is used in addition to an electric or electronic siren.
[C39, §5034.42; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.433]
98 Acts, ch 1080, §4; 2021 Acts, ch 97, §7, 9; 2022 Acts, ch 1087, §8, 11
Referred to in §321.231, 321.231B, 805.8A(3)(ag)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
Section amended
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.434 - Bicycle sirens or whistles.

321.434 Bicycle sirens or whistles.
A bicycle shall not be equipped with and a person shall not use upon a bicycle any siren or whistle. This section shall not apply to bicycles ridden by peace officers in the line of duty.
[C39, §5034.43; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.434]
97 Acts, ch 71, §4
Referred to in §805.8A(9)(k)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 9
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.435 - Motorcycles equipped with detachable stabilizing wheels.

321.435 Motorcycles equipped with detachable stabilizing wheels.
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a motor vehicle that is originally designed as a two-wheeled motorcycle and is modified using conversion hardware which allows for the attachment and detachment of two stabilizing rear wheels may be operated on a highway with the stabilizing wheels attached in accordance with the provisions of this chapter applicable to motorcycles. A motorcycle shall not be determined to be reconstructed based on the sole fact that two stabilizing wheels have been added as described in this section.
2011 Acts, ch 15, §1
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.436 - Mufflers, prevention of noise.

321.436 Mufflers, prevention of noise.
Every motor vehicle shall at all times be equipped with a muffler in good working order and in constant operation to prevent excessive or unusual noise and annoying smoke, and no person shall use a muffler cutout, bypass or similar device upon a motor vehicle on a highway.
[S13, §1571-m18; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5061 – 5063; C39, §5034.45; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.436]
Referred to in §805.8A(3)(ah)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.437 - Mirrors.

321.437 Mirrors.
1. Every motor vehicle shall be equipped with a mirror so located as to reflect to the driver a view of the highway for a distance of at least two hundred feet to the rear of such vehicle. Any motor vehicle so loaded, or towing another vehicle in such manner, as to obstruct the view in a rear view mirror located in the driver’s compartment shall be equipped with a side mirror so located that the view to the rear will not be obstructed; however, when such vehicle is not loaded or towing another vehicle the side mirrors shall be retracted or removed. All van or van type motor vehicles shall be equipped with outside mirrors of unit magnification, each with not less than nineteen point five square inches of reflective surface, installed with stable supports on both sides of the vehicle, located so as to provide the driver a view to the rear along both sides of the vehicle, and adjustable in both the horizontal and vertical directions to view the rearward scene.
2. Notwithstanding this chapter or chapter 321E, a combination of vehicles coupled together which is used exclusively for the transportation of passenger vehicles, light delivery trucks, panel delivery trucks, pickups, boats, and recreational chassis, may permanently attach a convex-type mirror on either or both of the vertical supports, forward of the steering axle of the power unit, provided that the mirror shall not extend beyond the limit of any other rearview mirror on the vehicle.
[C31, 35, §5105-c20; C39, §5034.46; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.437]
86 Acts, ch 1210, §5
Referred to in §321.234A, 805.8A(12)(b)
For applicable scheduled fines, see §805.8A, subsection 12, paragraph b
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.438 - Windshields and windows.

321.438 Windshields and windows.
1. A person shall not drive a motor vehicle equipped with a windshield, sidewings, or side or rear windows which do not permit clear vision.
2. A person shall not operate on the highway a motor vehicle equipped with a front windshield, a side window to the immediate right or left of the driver, or a sidewing forward of and to the left or right of the driver which is excessively dark or reflective so that it is difficult for a person outside the motor vehicle to see into the motor vehicle through the windshield, window, or sidewing.
a. The department shall adopt rules establishing a minimum measurable standard of transparency which shall apply to violations of this subsection.
b. This subsection does not apply to a person who operates a motor vehicle owned or leased by a federal, state, or local law enforcement agency if the operation is part of the person’s official duties.
3. Every motor vehicle except a motorcycle, or a vehicle included in the provisions of section 321.383 or section 321.115 shall be equipped with a windshield in accordance with section 321.444.
[C39, §5034.47; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.438]
83 Acts, ch 125, §5; 2021 Acts, ch 183, §53
Referred to in §805.8A(3)(ai)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.439 - Windshield wipers.

321.439 Windshield wipers.
The windshield on every motor vehicle shall be equipped with a device for cleaning rain, snow, or other moisture from the windshield, which device shall be so constructed as to be controlled or operated by the driver of the vehicle.
[C39, §5034.48; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.439]
Referred to in §805.8A(3)(aj)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.440 - Restrictions as to tire equipment.

321.440 Restrictions as to tire equipment.
1. Every solid rubber tire on a vehicle shall have rubber on its entire traction surface at least one inch thick above the edge of the flange of the entire periphery. Any pneumatic tire on a vehicle shall be considered unsafe if it has:
a. Any part of the ply or cord exposed.
b. Any bump, bulge or separation.
c. A tread design depth of less than one-sixteenth of an inch measured in any two or more adjacent tread grooves, exclusive of tie bars or, for those tires with tread wear indicators, worn to the level of the tread wear indicators in any two tread grooves.
d. A marking “not for highway use”, “for racing purposes only”, “unsafe for highway use”.
e. Tread or sidewall cracks, cuts or snags deep enough to expose the body cord.
f. Such other conditions as may be reasonably demonstrated to render it unsafe.
g. Been regrooved or recut below the original tread design depth, excepting special tires which have extra under tread rubber and are identified as such, or if a pneumatic tire was originally designed without grooves or tread.
2. A vehicle, except an implement of husbandry, equipped with either solid rubber or pneumatic tires shall not be operated where the weight per inch of tire width is greater than five hundred seventy-five pounds per inch of tire width based on the tire width rating, except on a steering axle, in which case six hundred pounds per inch of tire width is permitted based on the tire width rating.
[C31, 35, §5065-c1; C39, §5034.49; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.440]
97 Acts, ch 100, §2, 3, 12; 2014 Acts, ch 1026, §78
Referred to in §805.8A(3)(ak)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.441 - Metal tires prohibited.

321.441 Metal tires prohibited.
No person shall operate or move on a paved highway any motor vehicle, trailer, or semitrailer having any metal tire or metal track in contact with the roadway.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, §4918, 4919; C39, §5034.50; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.441]
Referred to in §805.8A(3)(al)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.442 - Projections on wheels.

321.442 Projections on wheels.
No tire on a vehicle moved on a highway shall have on its periphery any block, stud, flange, cleat, or spike or any other protuberances of any material other than rubber which projects beyond the tread of the traction surface of the tire except that it shall be permissible to use:
1. Farm machinery with tires having protuberances which will not injure the highway.
2. Tire chains of reasonable proportions upon any vehicle when required for safety because of snow, ice, or other conditions tending to cause a vehicle to skid.
3. Pneumatic tires with inserted ice grips or tire studs projecting not more than one-sixteenth inch beyond the tread of the traction surface of the tire upon any vehicle from November 1 of each year to April 1 of the following year, except that a school bus and fire department emergency apparatus may use such tires at any time.
[S13, §1571-1a; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5068, 5070; C39, §5034.51; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.442]
Referred to in §805.8A(3)(am)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.443 - Exceptions.

321.443 Exceptions.
The department and local authorities in their respective jurisdictions shall review any application for a special permit and may, with good cause being shown, issue special permits authorizing the operation upon a highway of traction engines or tractors having movable tracks with transverse corrugations upon the periphery of such movable tracks or farm tractors or other farm machinery, the operation of which upon a highway would otherwise be prohibited under this chapter.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, §5069; C39, §5034.52; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.443]
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.444 - Safety glass.

321.444 Safety glass.
1. No person shall sell any new motor vehicle nor shall any motor vehicle, manufactured since July 1, 1935, be registered, or operated unless such vehicle is equipped with safety glass wherever glass is used in doors, windows, and windshields. Replacements of glass in doors, windows, or windshields shall be of safety glass.
2. “Safety glass” means any product composed of glass, so manufactured, fabricated, or treated as substantially to prevent shattering and flying of the glass when struck or broken. Safety glass and glazing materials shall comply with federal motor vehicle safety standard number 205 as published in
49 C.F.R. §571.205
.
[C35, §4991-f1, -f4; C39, §5034.53, 5034.54, 5034.55; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, §321.444, 321.445, 321.446; C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.444]
97 Acts, ch 108, §25; 98 Acts, ch 1080, §5
Referred to in §321.438, 805.8A(3)(an)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.449A - Rail crew transport drivers.

321.449A Rail crew transport drivers.
1. A driver of a motor vehicle operated for hire which is designed to transport seven or more persons but fewer than sixteen persons including the driver and is used to transport railroad workers to or from their places of employment or during the course of their employment is subject to the following limitations:
a. The driver shall not drive such a vehicle more than ten hours following eight consecutive hours of uninterrupted rest.
b. The driver shall not drive such a vehicle for any period after having been on duty for fifteen hours following eight consecutive hours of uninterrupted rest.
c. The driver shall not accept a call for service from the driver’s employer during a period of uninterrupted rest.
2. For purposes of this section, the following definitions apply:
a. “Employer” means a railroad worker transportation company, as defined in section 327F.39, for whom the driver performs a service, either for wages or as an independent contractor.
b. “On duty” means all time from the time a driver begins work or is required to be ready to work until the time the driver is relieved from work and all responsibility for performing work, whether or not the driver is compensated for all of the time. A driver may drive more than one assigned trip, as long as the trip falls within the on-duty period. A driver “begins work” when the driver enters a transport vehicle to begin a trip assignment and is not “relieved from work” until the driver has exited the transport vehicle for the final time.
c. “Uninterrupted rest” means that the employer shall not communicate with the driver by telephone, pager, or in any other manner that could reasonably be expected to disrupt the driver’s rest.
3. A person who violates this section commits a simple misdemeanor punishable as a scheduled violation under section 805.8A, subsection 13, paragraph “b”.
2013 Acts, ch 47, §1
Referred to in §327F.39, 805.8A(13)(b)
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.449B - Texting or using a mobile telephone while operating a commercial motor vehicle.

321.449B Texting or using a mobile telephone while operating a commercial motor vehicle.
1. a. A person subject to rules adopted by the department pursuant to section 321.449 shall not operate a commercial motor vehicle while engaged in texting as prohibited by
49 C.F.R. §392.80
, except in an emergency or as otherwise permitted under
49 C.F.R. §392.80
.
b. A person subject to rules adopted by the department pursuant to section 321.449 shall not operate a commercial motor vehicle while using a hand-held mobile telephone as prohibited by
49 C.F.R. §392.82
, except in an emergency or as otherwise permitted under
49 C.F.R. §392.82
.
2. a. A person convicted of a violation of this section is guilty of a simple misdemeanor punishable as a scheduled violation under section 805.8A, subsection 13, paragraph “b”.
b. A violation of this section shall be considered a moving violation for the purposes of this chapter and rules adopted pursuant to this chapter.
c. A conviction for a violation of this section shall be in lieu of a conviction for a violation of section 321.276 if the violations are based on the same facts and circumstances.
2018 Acts, ch 1017, §2
Referred to in §321.482A, 805.8A(13)(b)
Additional penalties for violations causing injury or death, see §321.482A
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.452 - Scope and effect.

321.452 Scope and effect.
1. A person shall not drive or move, and the owner of such vehicle shall not cause or knowingly permit to be driven or moved, on any highway any vehicle or vehicles of a size or weight exceeding the limitations stated in this chapter, and the maximum size and weight of vehicles herein specified shall be lawful throughout this state, and local authorities shall have no power or authority to alter said limitations except as express authority is granted in this chapter.
2. A person who violates this section commits a simple misdemeanor.
[C39, §5035.01; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.452]
2010 Acts, ch 1140, §15
Referred to in §321E.2
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.453 - Exceptions.

321.453 Exceptions.
1. Except as provided in sections 321.463, 321.471, and 321.474, the provisions of this chapter governing size, weight, and load and the permit requirements of chapter 321E do not apply to any of the following:
a. Fire apparatus.
b. Road maintenance equipment owned by, under lease to, or used in the performance of a contract with any state or local authority.
c. Implements of husbandry when moved or moving upon a highway that is not a portion of the interstate.
d. Equipment used primarily for construction of permanent conservation practices on agricultural land when moved or moving upon a highway that is not a portion of the interstate, so long as the equipment is without payload and the movement does not violate posted weight limitations on bridges.
2. A vehicle that is carrying an implement of husbandry or equipment used primarily for construction of permanent conservation practices and is exempted from the permit requirements under this section shall be equipped with an amber flashing light visible from the rear. If the amber flashing light is obstructed by the loaded implement or equipment, the loaded implement or equipment shall also be equipped with and display an amber flashing light. The vehicle shall also be equipped with warning flags on that portion of the vehicle which protrudes into oncoming traffic, and shall only operate from thirty minutes prior to sunrise to thirty minutes following sunset.
3. A motor vehicle that is operated by a farmer and that is carrying an implement of husbandry between fields, locations for repair, or locations for storage of the implement of husbandry shall be exempt from any requirement to obtain a permit under section 321.463, 321.471, or 321.474. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to exempt such a vehicle from any requirement or restriction other than a requirement to obtain a permit, including but not limited to requirements or restrictions relating to size, weight, load, lighting, flags, equipment, or manner of operation. For the purposes of this subsection, “farmer” means as defined in section 142D.2.
[C39, §5035.02; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.453; 82 Acts, ch 1154, §3, ch 1254, §3]
86 Acts, ch 1210, §6; 87 Acts, ch 186, §4; 94 Acts, ch 1087, §3; 94 Acts, ch 1198, §45; 98 Acts, ch 1003, §1; 98 Acts, ch 1223, §26; 99 Acts, ch 13, §18; 99 Acts, ch 108, §6; 2014 Acts, ch 1087, §1, 2; 2015 Acts, ch 30, §104; 2017 Acts, ch 81, §1
Referred to in §321.423, 321E.2
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.454 - Width of vehicles.

321.454 Width of vehicles.
1. The total outside width of a vehicle or the load on the vehicle shall not exceed eight feet six inches.
2. Notwithstanding subsection 1, the total outside width of a vehicle or combination of vehicles transporting a divisible load of hay, straw, stover, or bagged livestock bedding shall not exceed twelve feet five inches. However, if hay, straw, stover, or bagged livestock bedding is moved on an implement of husbandry and the total width of load of the implement of husbandry exceeds twelve feet five inches, the implement of husbandry is not subject to the permit requirements of chapter 321E. If a divisible load of hay, straw, stover, or bagged livestock bedding is moved on any other vehicle or combination of vehicles subject to registration, the moves are subject to the permit requirements for transporting loads exceeding twelve feet five inches in width as required under chapter 321E.
3. The limitations on the total outside width of a vehicle, the load on the vehicle, or a combination of vehicles set forth in this section do not include safety equipment on a vehicle or incidental appurtenances or retracted awnings on motor homes, motorsports recreational vehicles, travel trailers, or fifth-wheel travel trailers if the incidental appurtenance or retracted awning is less than six inches in width.
[C24, §5067, 5104; C27, §5067, 5105-a32; C31, 35, §5067, 5105-a32, 5105-c18; C39, §5035.03; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.454]
83 Acts, ch 9, §5, 8; 87 Acts, ch 186, §5; 87 Acts, ch 189, §2; 94 Acts, ch 1087, §4, 5; 95 Acts, ch 67, §26; 2000 Acts, ch 1016, §15; 2014 Acts, ch 1127, §13; 2020 Acts, ch 1054, §1
Referred to in §321E.2, 321E.8, 321E.9, 321E.10, 321E.17, 321E.26, 321E.29B, 805.8A(12)(c)
For applicable scheduled fines, see §805.8A, subsection 12, paragraph c
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.455 - Projecting loads on passenger vehicles.

321.455 Projecting loads on passenger vehicles.
No passenger-type vehicle shall be operated on any highway with any load carried thereon extending beyond the line of the fenders on the left side of such vehicle nor extending more than six inches beyond the line of the fenders on the right side thereof. Passengers shall not ride on any part of any vehicle unless it is expressly designed either for passenger use or designed for carrying livestock, merchandise, or freight.
[C31, 35, §5067-d1; C39, §5035.04; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.455]
Referred to in §321E.2, 321E.9, 321E.26, 321E.29B, 805.8A(12)(c)
For applicable scheduled fines, see §805.8A, subsection 12, paragraph c
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.456 - Height of vehicles.

321.456 Height of vehicles.
1. A vehicle unladen or with load shall not exceed a height of thirteen feet six inches.
2. Notwithstanding subsection 1, a vehicle or combination of vehicles coupled together and used exclusively for the transportation of passenger vehicles, light delivery trucks, panel delivery trucks, pickup trucks, or recreational vehicle chassis may operate with a height not to exceed fourteen feet.
3. Notwithstanding subsection 1, a vehicle or combination of vehicles transporting a divisible load of hay, straw, stover, or bagged livestock bedding may operate with a height not to exceed fourteen feet six inches.
4. This section shall not be construed to require any railroad or public authorities to provide sufficient vertical clearance to permit the operation of such vehicle upon the highways of this state. Any damage to highways, highway or railroad structures, or underpasses caused by the height of any vehicle provided for by this section shall be borne by the operator or owner of the vehicle.
[C31, 35, §5067-d2; C39, §5035.05; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.456]
86 Acts, ch 1182, §4; 97 Acts, ch 100, §4; 2005 Acts, ch 8, §36; 2020 Acts, ch 1054, §2
Referred to in §321E.2, 321E.8, 321E.9, 321E.17, 321E.26, 321E.29B, 805.8A(12)(c)
For applicable scheduled fines, see §805.8A, subsection 12, paragraph c
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.458 - Loading beyond front.

321.458 Loading beyond front.
The load upon any vehicle operated alone, or the load upon the front vehicle of a combination of vehicles, shall not extend more than three feet beyond the front wheels of such vehicle or the front bumper of such vehicle if it is equipped with such a bumper.
[C39, §5035.07; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.458]
Referred to in §321E.2, 805.8A(12)(c)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 12, paragraph c
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.459 - Dual axle requirement.

321.459 Dual axle requirement.
Axles of a motor vehicle, trailer, or semitrailer which are less than forty inches apart center to center shall be considered as a single axle for the purpose of determining permissible gross weight under section 321.463.
[C31, 35, §5067-d3; C39, §5035.08; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.459]
Referred to in §321E.2
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.460 - Spilling loads on highways.

321.460 Spilling loads on highways.
A vehicle shall not be driven or moved on any highway by any person unless such vehicle is so constructed or loaded or the load securely covered as to prevent any of its load from dropping, sifting, leaking, or otherwise escaping or its load covering from dropping from the vehicle, except that sand may be dropped for the purpose of securing traction, or water or other substance may be sprinkled on a roadway in cleaning or maintaining such roadway. The provisions of this section shall not apply to vehicles loaded with hay or stover or the products listed in section 321.466, subsections 4 and 5.
[C39, §5035.09; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.460]
Referred to in §321E.2, 805.8A(13)(c)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 13, paragraph c