reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 144D - PHYSICIAN ORDERS FOR SCOPE OF TREATMENT › Section 144D.1 - Definitions.

144D.1 Definitions.
As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:
1. “Advanced registered nurse practitioner” means an advanced registered nurse practitioner licensed pursuant to chapter 152 or 152E.
2. “Department” means the department of public health.
3. “Emergency medical care provider” means emergency medical care provider as defined in section 147A.1.
4. “Health care facility” means health care facility as defined in section 135C.1, a hospice program as defined in section 135J.1, an elder group home as defined in section 231B.1, and an assisted living program as defined in section 231C.2.
5. “Health care provider” means an individual, including an emergency medical care provider and an individual providing home and community-based services, and including a home health agency, licensed, certified, or otherwise authorized or permitted by the law of this state to administer health care in the ordinary course of business or in the practice of a profession.
6. “Home health agency” means home health agency as defined in
42 C.F.R. pt. 484
.
7. “Hospital” means hospital as defined in section 135B.1.
8. “Legal representative” means an individual authorized to execute a POST form on behalf of a patient who is not competent to do so, in the order of priority set out in section 144A.7, subsection 1, and guided by the express or implied intentions of the patient or, if such intentions are unknown, by the patient’s best interests given the patient’s overall medical condition and prognosis.
9. “Patient” means an individual who is frail and elderly or who has a chronic, critical medical condition or a terminal illness and for which a physician orders for scope of treatment form is consistent with the individual’s goals of care.
10. “Physician” means a person licensed to practice medicine and surgery or osteopathic medicine and surgery in this state.
11. “Physician assistant” means a person licensed as a physician assistant under chapter 148C.
12. “Physician orders for scope of treatment form” or “POST form” means a document containing medical orders which may be relied upon across medical settings that consolidates and summarizes a patient’s preferences for life-sustaining treatments and interventions and acts as a complement to and does not supersede any valid advance directive.
2012 Acts, ch 1008, §2; 2016 Acts, ch 1073, §60
Referred to in §135P.1
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 144D - PHYSICIAN ORDERS FOR SCOPE OF TREATMENT › Section 144D.2 - Physician orders for scope of treatment (POST) form.

144D.2 Physician orders for scope of treatment (POST) form.
1. The POST form shall be a uniform form based upon the national physician orders for life-sustaining treatment paradigm form. The form shall have all of the following characteristics:
a. The form shall include the patient’s name and date of birth.
b. The form shall be signed and dated by the patient or the patient’s legal representative.
c. The form shall be signed and dated by the patient’s physician, advanced registered nurse practitioner, or physician assistant.
d. If preparation of the form was facilitated by an individual other than the patient’s physician, advanced registered nurse practitioner, or physician assistant, the facilitator shall also sign and date the form.
e. The form shall include the patient’s wishes regarding the care of the patient, including but not limited to all of the following:
(1) The administration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
(2) The level of medical interventions in the event of a medical emergency.
(3) The use of medically administered nutrition by tube.
f. The form shall be easily distinguishable to facilitate recognition by health care providers, hospitals, and health care facilities.
g. An incomplete section on the form shall imply the patient’s wishes for full treatment for the type of treatment addressed in that section.
2. The department shall prescribe the uniform POST form and shall post the form on the department’s internet site for public availability.
2012 Acts, ch 1008, §3; 2013 Acts, ch 90, §257; 2021 Acts, ch 182, §66
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 144D - PHYSICIAN ORDERS FOR SCOPE OF TREATMENT › Section 144D.3 - Compliance with POST form.

144D.3 Compliance with POST form.
1. A POST form executed in this state or another state or jurisdiction in compliance with the law of that state or jurisdiction shall be deemed valid and enforceable in this state to the extent the form is consistent with the laws of this state, and may be accepted by a health care provider, hospital, or health care facility.
2. A health care provider, hospital, or health care facility may comply with an executed POST form, notwithstanding that the physician, advanced registered nurse practitioner, or physician assistant who signed the POST form does not have admitting privileges at the hospital or health care facility providing health care or treatment.
3. A POST form may be revoked at any time and in any manner by which the patient or a patient’s legal representative is able to communicate the patient’s intent to revoke, without regard to the patient’s mental or physical condition. A revocation is only effective as to the health care provider, hospital, or health care facility upon communication to the health care provider, hospital, or health care facility by the patient, the patient’s legal representative, or by another to whom the revocation was communicated.
4. In the absence of actual notice of the revocation of a POST form, a health care provider, hospital, health care facility, or any other person who complies with a POST form shall not be subject to civil or criminal liability or professional disciplinary action for actions taken under this chapter which are in accordance with reasonable medical standards. A health care provider, hospital, health care facility, or other person against whom criminal or civil liability or professional disciplinary action is asserted because of conduct in compliance with this chapter may interpose the restriction on liability in this subsection as an absolute defense.
5. A health care provider, hospital, or health care facility that is unwilling to comply with an executed POST form based on policy, religious beliefs, or moral convictions shall take all reasonable steps to transfer the patient to another health care provider, hospital, or health care facility.
2012 Acts, ch 1008, §4; 2012 Acts, ch 1138, §50
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 144E - EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENTS FOR TERMINALLY ILL PERSONS › Section 144E.3 - Manufacturer rights.

144E.3 Manufacturer rights.
1. A manufacturer of an investigational drug, biological product, or device may make available and an eligible patient may request the manufacturer’s investigational drug, biological product, or device under this chapter. This chapter does not require a manufacturer of an investigational drug, biological product, or device to provide or otherwise make available the investigational drug, biological product, or device to an eligible patient.
2. A manufacturer described in subsection 1 may do any of the following:
a. Provide an investigational drug, biological product, or device to an eligible patient without receiving compensation.
b. Require an eligible patient to pay the costs of, or the costs associated with, the manufacture of the investigational drug, biological product, or device.
2017 Acts, ch 130, §3
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 144E - EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENTS FOR TERMINALLY ILL PERSONS › Section 144E.4 - Treatment coverage.

144E.4 Treatment coverage.
1. This chapter does not expand the coverage required of an insurer under Title XIII, subtitle 1.
2. A health plan, third-party administrator, or governmental agency may provide coverage for the cost of an investigational drug, biological product, or device, or the cost of services related to the use of an investigational drug, biological product, or device under this chapter.
3. This chapter does not require any governmental agency to pay costs associated with the use, care, or treatment of a patient with an investigational drug, biological product, or device.
4. This chapter does not require a hospital licensed under chapter 135B or other health care facility to provide new or additional services.
2017 Acts, ch 130, §4
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 144E - EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENTS FOR TERMINALLY ILL PERSONS › Section 144E.5 - Heirs not liable for treatment debts.

144E.5 Heirs not liable for treatment debts.
If a patient dies while being treated by an investigational drug, biological product, or device, the patient’s heirs are not liable for any outstanding debt related to the treatment or lack of insurance due to the treatment, unless otherwise required by law.
2017 Acts, ch 130, §5
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 144E - EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENTS FOR TERMINALLY ILL PERSONS › Section 144E.6 - Provider recourse.

144E.6 Provider recourse.
1. To the extent consistent with state law, the board of medicine created under chapter 147 shall not revoke, fail to renew, suspend, or take any action against a physician’s license based solely on the physician’s recommendations to an eligible patient regarding access to or treatment with an investigational drug, biological product, or device.
2. To the extent consistent with federal law, an entity responsible for Medicare certification shall not take action against a physician’s Medicare certification based solely on the physician’s recommendation that a patient have access to an investigational drug, biological product, or device.
2017 Acts, ch 130, §6
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 144E - EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENTS FOR TERMINALLY ILL PERSONS › Section 144E.7 - State interference.

144E.7 State interference.
An official, employee, or agent of this state shall not block or attempt to block an eligible patient’s access to an investigational drug, biological product, or device. Counseling, advice, or a recommendation consistent with medical standards of care from a licensed physician is not a violation of this section.
2017 Acts, ch 130, §7
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 144E - EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENTS FOR TERMINALLY ILL PERSONS › Section 144E.8 - Private cause of action.

144E.8 Private cause of action.
1. This chapter shall not create a private cause of action against a manufacturer of an investigational drug, biological product, or device or against any other person or entity involved in the care of an eligible patient using the investigational drug, biological product, or device for any harm done to the eligible patient resulting from the investigational drug, biological product, or device, if the manufacturer or other person or entity is complying in good faith with the terms of this chapter and has exercised reasonable care.
2. This chapter shall not affect any mandatory health care coverage for participation in clinical trials under Title XIII, subtitle 1.
2017 Acts, ch 130, §8
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 144E - EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENTS FOR TERMINALLY ILL PERSONS › Section 144E.9 - Assisting suicide.

144E.9 Assisting suicide.
This chapter shall not be construed to allow a patient’s treating physician to assist the patient in committing or attempting to commit suicide as prohibited in section 707A.2.
2017 Acts, ch 130, §9
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 144F - CAREGIVER ADVISE, RECORD, ENABLE (CARE) ACT › Section 144F.1 - Definitions.

144F.1 Definitions.
As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:
1. “Aftercare assistance” means any assistance provided by a lay caregiver to a patient following discharge of the patient that involves tasks directly related to the patient’s condition at the time of discharge, does not require a licensed professional, and is determined to be appropriate by the patient’s discharging physician or other licensed health care professional.
2. “Discharge” means the exit or release of a patient from inpatient care in a hospital to the residence of the patient.
3. “Facility” means a health care facility as defined in section 135C.1, an elder group home as defined in section 231B.1, or an assisted living program as defined in section 231C.2.
4. “Hospital” means a licensed hospital as defined in section 135B.1.
5. “Lay caregiver” means an individual, eighteen years of age or older, who is designated as a lay caregiver under this chapter by a patient or the patient’s legal representative, and who is willing and able to perform aftercare assistance for the patient at the patient’s residence following discharge.
6. “Legal representative” means, in order of priority, an attorney in fact under a durable power of attorney for health care pursuant to chapter 144B or, if no durable power of attorney for health care has been executed pursuant to chapter 144B or if the attorney in fact is unavailable, a legal guardian appointed pursuant to chapter 232D or 633.
7. “Patient” means an individual who is receiving or who has received inpatient medical care in a hospital.
8. “Residence” means the dwelling that a patient considers to be the patient’s home. “Residence” does not include any rehabilitation facility, hospital, or facility.
2019 Acts, ch 18, §1; 2020 Acts, ch 1062, §25; 2020 Acts, ch 1063, §62
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 144F - CAREGIVER ADVISE, RECORD, ENABLE (CARE) ACT › Section 144F.3 - Notification of lay caregiver of discharge.

144F.3 Notification of lay caregiver of discharge.
If a lay caregiver is designated under section 144F.2, the hospital shall, in accordance with the hospital’s established policies and procedures, attempt to notify the lay caregiver of the discharge of the patient as soon as practicable.
2019 Acts, ch 18, §3
Referred to in §144F.2
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 144F - CAREGIVER ADVISE, RECORD, ENABLE (CARE) ACT › Section 144F.4 - Aftercare assistance instructions to lay caregiver.

144F.4 Aftercare assistance instructions to lay caregiver.
1. If a lay caregiver is designated under section 144F.2, as soon as practicable prior to discharge of a patient, a hospital shall attempt to do all of the following:
a. Consult with the patient’s lay caregiver to prepare the lay caregiver for the aftercare assistance the lay caregiver may provide.
b. Issue a discharge plan that describes the aftercare assistance needs of the patient and offer to provide the lay caregiver with instructions for the aftercare assistance tasks described in the discharge plan and the opportunity for the lay caregiver to ask questions regarding such tasks.
2. The inability of a hospital to consult with a patient’s lay caregiver shall not interfere with, delay, or otherwise affect the medical care provided to the patient or the patient’s discharge.
2019 Acts, ch 18, §4
Referred to in §144F.2
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 144F - CAREGIVER ADVISE, RECORD, ENABLE (CARE) ACT › Section 144F.5 - Hospital discharge process — evidence-based practices.

144F.5 Hospital discharge process — evidence-based practices.
A hospital’s discharge process may incorporate established evidence-based practices, including but not limited to any of the following:
1. The standards for accreditation adopted by the joint commission on the accreditation of health care organizations or any other nationally recognized hospital accreditation organization.
2. The conditions of participation for hospitals adopted by the centers for Medicare and Medicaid services of the United States department of health and human services.
2019 Acts, ch 18, §5
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 144F - CAREGIVER ADVISE, RECORD, ENABLE (CARE) ACT › Section 144F.6 - Construction of chapter relative to other health care directives.

144F.6 Construction of chapter relative to other health care directives.
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to interfere with the authority or responsibilities of an agent operating under a valid durable power of attorney for health care pursuant to chapter 144B or of the powers and duties granted to a guardian pursuant to section 232D.401, 232D.402, or 633.635.
2019 Acts, ch 18, §6; 2020 Acts, ch 1063, §63; 2021 Acts, ch 80, §78
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 144F - CAREGIVER ADVISE, RECORD, ENABLE (CARE) ACT › Section 144F.7 - Limitations.

144F.7 Limitations.
1. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to create a private right of action against a hospital, a hospital employee, or any consultant or contractor with whom a hospital has a contractual relationship, or to limit or otherwise supersede or replace existing rights or remedies under any other provision of law.
2. Nothing in this chapter shall delay the appropriate discharge or transfer of a patient.
3. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to interfere with or supersede a health care provider’s instructions regarding a Medicare-certified home health agency or any other post-acute care provider.
4. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to grant decision-making authority to a lay caregiver to determine the type of provider or provider of the patient’s post-hospital care as specified in the patient’s discharge plan.
2019 Acts, ch 18, §7
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 144G - WITHDRAWAL OF LIFE-SUSTAINING PROCEDURES — MINORS › Section 144G.1 - Withdrawal of life-sustaining procedures from minor child — court intervention.

144G.1 Withdrawal of life-sustaining procedures from minor child — court intervention.
1. A court of law or equity shall not have the authority to require the withdrawal of life-sustaining procedures from a minor child over the objection of the minor child’s parent or guardian, unless there is conclusive medical evidence that the minor child has died and any electronic brain, heart, or respiratory monitoring activity exhibited to the contrary is a false artifact.
2. For the purposes of this section:
a. “Life-sustaining procedure” means the same as defined in section 144A.2.
b. “Minor” means the same as specified in section 599.1.
2020 Acts, ch 1110, §1
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 145A - AREA HOSPITALS › Section 145A.1 - Consolidation for purpose.

145A.1 Consolidation for purpose.
Any of the political subdivisions of this state may consolidate to acquire and operate an area hospital for the purpose of providing hospital service for all residents of such area.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §145A.1]
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 145A - AREA HOSPITALS › Section 145A.2 - Definitions.

145A.2 Definitions.
As used in this chapter, unless the context indicates otherwise:
1. “Area hospital” means a hospital established and operated by a merged area.
2. “Board” means the board of trustees of an area hospital.
3. “Merged area” means a public corporation formed by the residents of two or more contiguous or noncontiguous political subdivisions which have merged resources to establish and operate an area hospital.
4. “Officials” means the respective governing bodies of political subdivisions.
5. “Political subdivision” means any county, township, school district or city.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §145A.2]
85 Acts, ch 123, §1, 2
Referred to in §476.95
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 145A - AREA HOSPITALS › Section 145A.3 - Official planning — maximum levy.

145A.3 Official planning — maximum levy.
The officials of a political subdivision may plan the formation of a public corporation as a merged area to establish and operate an area hospital. In planning for an area hospital, a county board of supervisors may exclude from the merged area any township of the county which the board of supervisors determines would not sufficiently benefit by the merger and the portion of the county not so excluded shall constitute one public corporation for the purposes of this chapter. Plans for an area hospital shall include the maximum amount to be levied for debt service and operation and maintenance of the area hospital in the portion of the merged area within each political subdivision taking part in the merger. However, the maximum tax rates for the various political subdivisions may vary as the officials determine, based upon the need for hospital service of the residents of each political subdivision, the proximity of the residents to the proposed location of the hospital, the property values within the subdivision, and the expected service benefits to the residents of each subdivision by the proposed area hospital.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §145A.3]
85 Acts, ch 123, §3
Referred to in §145A.21, 347A.3
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 145A - AREA HOSPITALS › Section 145A.4 - Plans.

145A.4 Plans.
Officials of the various subdivisions may expend public funds for the purpose of formulating plans and in carrying out plans for a merged area and may arrive at an equitable distribution of costs to be paid by each participating political subdivision.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §145A.4]
Referred to in §145A.21, 347A.3
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 145A - AREA HOSPITALS › Section 145A.5 - Order of approval.

145A.5 Order of approval.
When a plan is approved, the officials approving the plan shall jointly issue an order of approval. The order shall specify the area to be merged, the maximum rate of tax to be levied for debt service and operation and maintenance of the proposed area hospital in the portion of the merged area within each political subdivision, the proposed location of the hospital building, the estimated cost of the establishment of the hospital, and any other details concerning the establishment and operation of the hospital the officials deem pertinent. The order shall be published in one or more newspapers which have general circulation within the merged area once each week for three consecutive weeks, but the newspapers selected need not be published in the merged area. The published order shall contain a notice to the residents of each subdivision of the proposed merged area that if the residents fail to protest as provided in this chapter, the order shall be deemed approved upon the expiration of a sixty-day period following the date of the last published notice.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §145A.5]
85 Acts, ch 123, §4
Referred to in §145A.21, 347A.3
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 145A - AREA HOSPITALS › Section 145A.6 - Petition of protest.

145A.6 Petition of protest.
The plans formulated for the area hospital shall be deemed approved unless, within sixty days after the third and final publication of the order, a petition protesting the proposed plan containing the signatures of at least five percent of the registered voters of any political subdivision within the proposed merged area is filed with the respective officials of the protesting petitioners.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §145A.6]
2001 Acts, ch 56, §8
Referred to in §145A.21
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 145A - AREA HOSPITALS › Section 145A.7 - Special election.

145A.7 Special election.
When a protesting petition is received, the officials receiving the petition shall call a special election of all registered voters of that political subdivision upon the question of approving or rejecting the order setting out the proposed merger plan. The election shall be held on a date specified in section 39.2, subsection 4, paragraph “a” or “b”, as applicable. The vote will be taken by ballot in the form provided by sections 49.43 through 49.47, and the election shall be initiated and held as provided in chapter 49. A majority vote of those registered voters voting at the special election shall be sufficient to approve the order and thus include the political subdivision within the merged area.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §145A.7]
2001 Acts, ch 56, §9; 2008 Acts, ch 1115, §31, 71; 2021 Acts, ch 80, §79
Referred to in §145A.21
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 145A - AREA HOSPITALS › Section 145A.8 - Effect on other subdivisions.

145A.8 Effect on other subdivisions.
A protest petition filed in one political subdivision shall have no effect upon the other political subdivisions of the proposed merged area; and in the portion of the proposed area where no protest petition is filed within sixty days after the last published notice, the residents of that portion of the area shall be deemed to have approved the proposed plan, and shall not take part in any special election.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §145A.8]
Referred to in §145A.21
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 145A - AREA HOSPITALS › Section 145A.9 - Continuance or abandonment.

145A.9 Continuance or abandonment.
If the voters at the special election approve by a majority vote the proposed plan, then the plan may be carried out as originally proposed. However, if the voters of any political subdivision within the proposed area reject the plan as set out in the original order, then said original order shall be wholly nullified.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §145A.9]
Referred to in §145A.21
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 145A - AREA HOSPITALS › Section 145A.10 - Board of hospital trustees.

145A.10 Board of hospital trustees.
Upon acceptance of a plan, the officials of the merged area acting as a committee of the whole shall appoint a board of hospital trustees. The board of trustees shall then meet, elect a chairperson and adopt such rules for the organization of the board as may be necessary. The number and composition of the board shall be determined by the committee appointing the board; but as a matter of public policy the committee is directed to apportion the board into area districts in such a way that the residents of all of the merged area will be represented as nearly equally as possible on the board.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §145A.10]
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 145A - AREA HOSPITALS › Section 145A.11 - Terms of members.

145A.11 Terms of members.
The terms of members of the board shall be four years, except that members of the initial board shall determine their respective terms by lot so that the terms of one-half of the members, as nearly as may be, shall expire at the next general election. The remaining initial terms shall expire at the following general election. The successors of the initial board shall be chosen from area districts at regular elections, and shall be nominated and elected in the same manner as county hospital trustees as provided in section 347.25, except that nomination papers on behalf of a candidate shall be signed by not less than twenty-five eligible electors from the area district.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §145A.11]
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 145A - AREA HOSPITALS › Section 145A.12 - Operation and management.

145A.12 Operation and management.
The board shall govern the operation and management of the area hospital and may do all things necessary to establish and operate the hospital. The board has all the general powers, duties, and responsibilities of the trustees of county public hospitals as set out in sections 347.13 and 347.14 and may enter into contracts for the operation and management of area hospital facilities.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §145A.12]
85 Acts, ch 123, §5
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 145A - AREA HOSPITALS › Section 145A.13 - Political status.

145A.13 Political status.
A merged area as a public corporation formed under this chapter may exercise the powers granted under this chapter, and may sue and be sued, purchase and sell property, incur indebtedness in accordance with constitutional limitations, and exercise all the powers granted by law and other powers incident to public corporations of like character and not inconsistent with the laws of this state.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §145A.13]
85 Acts, ch 123, §6
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 145A - AREA HOSPITALS › Section 145A.14 - Budget for operation.

145A.14 Budget for operation.
The board shall prepare an annual budget designating the proposed expenditures for operation of the area hospital and payment of bonded indebtedness, and the amount to be raised by taxation, following the requirements of chapter 24. The board shall prorate the amount to be raised for operations by local taxation among the respective political subdivisions forming a part of the merged area in the proportion that the product of the value of taxable property and the maximum tax levy rate in each political subdivision bears to the total product of the value of taxable property and the maximum tax levy rate in the entire merged area, as set out in the published order of merger. The board of hospital trustees shall certify the amount so determined to the respective levying officials of the affected counties, and the officials shall levy a tax sufficient to raise the annual budget. Taxes collected pursuant to the levy shall be paid by the respective county treasurers to the treasurer of the area hospital in the same manner that school taxes are paid to local school districts.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §145A.14]
85 Acts, ch 123, §7
Referred to in §145A.18, 347A.3
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 145A - AREA HOSPITALS › Section 145A.15 - Treasurer of hospital.

145A.15 Treasurer of hospital.
If the area hospital is located within the corporate limits of any city, the city treasurer shall act as treasurer of the area hospital; and if the area hospital is located outside the limits of any city, the county treasurer shall act as the treasurer of the area hospital; provided, however, the board may appoint some other person to serve as treasurer. The board may require that the treasurer furnish appropriate bond for faithful performance of the treasurer’s duties.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §145A.15]
Referred to in §331.552
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 145A - AREA HOSPITALS › Section 145A.16 - Funds to aid hospital.

145A.16 Funds to aid hospital.
In addition to revenue derived by tax levy, the board of hospital trustees of a merged area shall be authorized to receive and expend:
1. Federal funds which may be available by federal laws, rules and regulations.
2. State aid which may be available by state laws and rules.
3. Fees and expenses charged to persons using the facilities of the hospital.
4. Donations and gifts which may be accepted by the hospital trustees and expended in accordance with the terms of the gift without compliance with the local budget law, chapter 24.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §145A.16]
2004 Acts, ch 1086, §41
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 145A - AREA HOSPITALS › Section 145A.17 - Indebtedness and bonds.

145A.17 Indebtedness and bonds.
Boards of hospital trustees may by resolution acquire sites and buildings by purchase, lease, construction, or otherwise, for use by area hospitals and may by resolution contract indebtedness on behalf of the merged area and issue bonds bearing interest at a rate not exceeding the rate of interest permitted by chapter 74A, to raise funds in accordance with chapter 75 for the purpose of acquiring the sites and buildings.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §145A.17]
85 Acts, ch 123, §8
Referred to in §145A.18
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 145A - AREA HOSPITALS › Section 145A.18 - Taxes.

145A.18 Taxes.
Taxes for the payment of bonds issued under section 145A.17 shall be levied in accordance with chapter 76 and in the same proportion as provided in section 145A.14. Any indebtedness incurred shall not be considered an indebtedness incurred for general and ordinary purposes.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §145A.18]
85 Acts, ch 123, §9
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 145A - AREA HOSPITALS › Section 145A.19 - Special tax.

145A.19 Special tax.
In addition to the tax authorized in connection with the annual budget and with the issuance of bonds, the voters in any merged area may at any regular election vote a special tax for a period not to exceed five years for the purchase of grounds, purchase or construction of buildings, purchase of equipment, and for the purpose of maintaining, remodeling, improving, or expanding the hospital area. Such a tax shall not exceed one-fourth of the maximum levy of each political subdivision as set out in the published order of merger, but the total tax levy for annual budget, bonds, and special purposes shall not exceed the maximum levy as proposed in the published order of merger.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §145A.19]
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 145A - AREA HOSPITALS › Section 145A.20 - Revenue bonds.

145A.20 Revenue bonds.
In addition to any other provisions of this chapter and for the purpose of acquiring, constructing, equipping, enlarging, or improving a hospital building or any part of a hospital building, merged areas may issue revenue bonds and the board has all the powers and duties of a county board of supervisors as provided in chapter 331, subchapter IV, part 4, and section 347A.3.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §145A.20]
83 Acts, ch 101, §25; 85 Acts, ch 123, §10; 2018 Acts, ch 1041, §127
Referred to in §347A.3
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 145A - AREA HOSPITALS › Section 145A.21 - Amendment of plan of merger — procedures — qualifications.

145A.21 Amendment of plan of merger — procedures — qualifications.
A plan of merger once approved may be amended. An amendment shall be formulated and approved in the same manner and subject to the same limitations as provided in sections 145A.3 through 145A.9 for the formulation and approval of an original plan of merger. However, an amendment to a plan of merger shall not in any way impair the obligation of or source of payment for bonds or other indebtedness duly contracted prior to the effective date of the amendment to the plan of merger.
85 Acts, ch 123, §11
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 145A - AREA HOSPITALS › Section 145A.22 - Actions subject to contest of elections — filing actions — limitation.

145A.22 Actions subject to contest of elections — filing actions — limitation.
A special election called to approve or reject an original plan of merger or an amendment to an approved plan of merger is subject to the provisions for contest of elections for public measures set forth in chapter 57. Except as provided with respect to election contests, after one hundred twenty days following the third and final publication of the order of approval of the plan or amendment to the plan of merger, an action shall not be filed to contest the regularity of the proceedings with respect to a plan of merger or amendment to a plan of merger. After one hundred twenty days the organization of the merged area is conclusively presumed to have been lawful.
85 Acts, ch 123, §12
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 146 - ABORTIONS — REFUSAL TO PERFORM › Section 146.1 - Liability of persons relating to performance of abortions.

146.1 Liability of persons relating to performance of abortions.
An individual who may lawfully perform, assist, or participate in medical procedures which will result in an abortion shall not be required against that individual’s religious beliefs or moral convictions to perform, assist, or participate in such procedures. A person shall not discriminate against any individual in any way, including but not limited to employment, promotion, advancement, transfer, licensing, education, training or the granting of hospital privileges or staff appointments, because of the individual’s participation in or refusal to participate in recommending, performing, or assisting in an abortion procedure. For the purposes of this chapter, “abortion” means the termination of a human pregnancy with the intent other than to produce a live birth or to remove a dead fetus. Abortion does not include medical care which has as its primary purpose the treatment of a serious physical condition requiring emergency medical treatment necessary to save the life of a mother.
[C77, 79, 81, §146.1]
Referred to in §146D.1, 707.8A
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 146 - ABORTIONS — REFUSAL TO PERFORM › Section 146.2 - Liability of hospitals refusing to perform abortions.

146.2 Liability of hospitals refusing to perform abortions.
A hospital, which is not controlled, maintained and supported by a public authority, shall not be required to permit the performance of an abortion. The refusal to permit such procedures shall not be grounds for civil liability to any person nor a basis for any disciplinary or other recriminatory action against the hospital.
[C77, 79, 81, §146.2]
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 146B - ABORTION — POSTFERTILIZATION AGE › Section 146B.1 - Definitions.

146B.1 Definitions.
As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:
1. “Abortion” means the termination of a human pregnancy with the intent other than to produce a live birth or to remove a dead fetus.
2. “Attempt to perform an abortion” means an act, or an omission of a statutorily required act, that, under the circumstances as the actor believes them to be, constitutes a substantial step in a course of conduct planned to culminate in the performing of an abortion.
3. “Department” means the department of public health.
4. “Fertilization” means the fusion of a human spermatozoon with a human ovum.
5. “Major bodily function” includes but is not limited to functions of the immune system, normal cell growth, and digestive, bowel, bladder, neurological, brain, respiratory, circulatory, endocrine, and reproductive functions.
6. “Medical emergency” means a situation in which an abortion is performed to preserve the life of the pregnant woman whose life is endangered by a physical disorder, physical illness, or physical injury, including a life-endangering physical condition caused by or arising from the pregnancy, or when continuation of the pregnancy will create a serious risk of substantial and irreversible impairment of a major bodily function of the pregnant woman.
7. “Medical facility” means any public or private hospital, clinic, center, medical school, medical training institution, health care facility, physician’s office, infirmary, dispensary, ambulatory surgical center, or other institution or location where medical care is provided to any person.
8. “Perform”, “performed”, or “performing”, relative to an abortion, means the use of any means, including medical or surgical, to terminate the pregnancy of a woman known to be pregnant with the intent other than to produce a live birth or to remove a dead fetus.
9. “Physician” means a person licensed under chapter 148.
10. “Postfertilization age” means the age of the unborn child as calculated from fertilization.
11. “Probable postfertilization age” means what, in reasonable medical judgment, will with reasonable probability be the postfertilization age of the unborn child at the time the abortion is to be performed.
12. “Reasonable medical judgment” means a medical judgment made by a reasonably prudent physician who is knowledgeable about the case and the treatment possibilities with respect to the medical conditions involved.
13. “Unborn child” means an individual organism of the species homo sapiens from fertilization until live birth.
2017 Acts, ch 108, §2, 7
Referred to in §146C.2
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 146C - ABORTION — DETECTABLE FETAL HEARTBEAT › Section 146C.1 - Definitions.

146C.1 Definitions.
As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:
1. “Abortion” means the termination of a human pregnancy with the intent other than to produce a live birth or to remove a dead fetus.
2. “Fetal heartbeat” means cardiac activity, the steady and repetitive rhythmic contraction of the fetal heart within the gestational sac.
3. “Medical emergency” means the same as defined in section 146A.1.
4. “Medically necessary” means any of the following:
a. The pregnancy is the result of a rape which is reported within forty-five days of the incident to a law enforcement agency or to a public or private health agency which may include a family physician.
b. The pregnancy is the result of incest which is reported within one hundred forty days of the incident to a law enforcement agency or to a public or private health agency which may include a family physician.
c. Any spontaneous abortion, commonly known as a miscarriage, if not all of the products of conception are expelled.
d. The attending physician certifies that the fetus has a fetal abnormality that in the physician’s reasonable medical judgment is incompatible with life.
5. “Physician” means a person licensed under chapter 148.
6. “Reasonable medical judgment” means a medical judgment made by a reasonably prudent physician who is knowledgeable about the case and the treatment possibilities with respect to the medical conditions involved.
7. “Unborn child” means the same as defined in section 146A.1.
2018 Acts, ch 1132, §3
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 146C - ABORTION — DETECTABLE FETAL HEARTBEAT › Section 146C.2 - Abortion prohibited — detectable fetal heartbeat.

146C.2 Abortion prohibited — detectable fetal heartbeat.
1. Except in the case of a medical emergency or when the abortion is medically necessary, a physician shall not perform an abortion unless the physician has first complied with the prerequisites of chapter 146A and has tested the pregnant woman as specified in this subsection, to determine if a fetal heartbeat is detectable.
a. In testing for a detectable fetal heartbeat, the physician shall perform an abdominal ultrasound, necessary to detect a fetal heartbeat according to standard medical practice and including the use of medical devices, as determined by standard medical practice and specified by rule of the board of medicine.
b. Following the testing of the pregnant woman for a detectable fetal heartbeat, the physician shall inform the pregnant woman, in writing, of all of the following:
(1) Whether a fetal heartbeat was detected.
(2) That if a fetal heartbeat was detected, an abortion is prohibited.
c. Upon receipt of the written information, the pregnant woman shall sign a form acknowledging that the pregnant woman has received the information as required under this subsection.
2. a. A physician shall not perform an abortion upon a pregnant woman when it has been determined that the unborn child has a detectable fetal heartbeat, unless, in the physician’s reasonable medical judgment, a medical emergency exists, or when the abortion is medically necessary.
b. Notwithstanding paragraph “a”, if a physician determines that the probable postfertilization age, as defined in section 146B.1, of the unborn child is twenty or more weeks, the physician shall not perform an abortion upon a pregnant woman when it has been determined that the unborn child has a detectable fetal heartbeat, unless in the physician’s reasonable medical judgment the pregnant woman has a condition which the physician deems a medical emergency, as defined in section 146B.1, or the abortion is necessary to preserve the life of an unborn child.
3. A physician shall retain in the woman’s medical record all of the following:
a. Documentation of the testing for a fetal heartbeat as specified in subsection 1 and the results of the fetal heartbeat test.
b. The pregnant woman’s signed form acknowledging that the pregnant woman received the information as required under subsection 1.
4. This section shall not be construed to impose civil or criminal liability on a woman upon whom an abortion is performed in violation of this section.
5. The board of medicine shall adopt rules pursuant to chapter 17A to administer this section.
2018 Acts, ch 1132, §4
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 146D - FETAL BODY PARTS › Section 146D.1 - Fetal body parts — actions prohibited — penalties.

146D.1 Fetal body parts — actions prohibited — penalties.
1. A person shall not knowingly acquire, provide, receive, otherwise transfer, or use a fetal body part in this state, regardless of whether the acquisition, provision, receipt, transfer, or use is for valuable consideration.
2. Subsection 1 shall not apply to any of the following:
a. Diagnostic or remedial tests, procedures, or observations which have the sole purpose of determining the life or health of the fetus in order to provide that information to the pregnant woman or to preserve the life or health of the fetus or pregnant woman.
b. The actions of a person taken in furtherance of the final disposition of a fetal body part.
c. The pathological study of body tissue, including genetic testing, for diagnostic or forensic purposes.
d. A fetal body part if the fetal body part results from a spontaneous termination of pregnancy or stillbirth and is willingly donated for the purpose of medical research.
3. A person who violates this section is guilty of a class “C” felony.
4. For the purposes of this section:
a. “Abortion” means as defined in section 146.1.
b. “Fetal body part” means a cell, tissue, organ, or other part of a fetus that is terminated by an abortion. “Fetal body part” does not include any of the following:
(1) Cultured cells or cell lines derived from a spontaneous termination of pregnancy or stillbirth and willingly donated for the purposes of medical research.
(2) A cell, tissue, organ, or other part of a fetus that is terminated by an abortion that occurred prior to July 1, 2018.
(3) All cells and tissues external to the fetal body proper.
c. “Final disposition” means the disposition of fetal body parts by burial, interment, entombment, cremation, or incineration.
d. “Valuable consideration” means any payment including but not limited to payment associated with the transportation, processing, preservation, quality control, or storage of fetal body parts.
2018 Acts, ch 1132, §1
2023 Iowa Code › Title IV - PUBLIC HEALTH › Chapter 147 - GENERAL PROVISIONS, HEALTH-RELATED PROFESSIONS › Section 147.2 - License required.

147.2 License required.
1. A person shall not engage in the practice of medicine and surgery, podiatry, osteopathic medicine and surgery, genetic counseling, psychology, chiropractic, physical therapy, physical therapist assisting, nursing, dentistry, dental hygiene, dental assisting, optometry, speech pathology, audiology, occupational therapy, occupational therapy assisting, orthotics, prosthetics, pedorthics, respiratory care, pharmacy, cosmetology arts and sciences, barbering, social work, dietetics, applied behavior analysis, marital and family therapy or mental health counseling, massage therapy, mortuary science, polysomnography, athletic training, acupuncture, nursing home administration, or sign language interpreting or transliterating, or shall not practice as a physician assistant or a hearing aid specialist, unless the person has obtained a license for that purpose from the board for the profession.
2. For purposes of this section, a person who is licensed in another state and recognized for licensure in this state pursuant to the nurse licensure compact contained in section 152E.1 or pursuant to the advanced practice registered nurse compact contained in section 152E.3 shall be considered to have obtained a license to practice nursing.
[C97, §2582, 2588; S13, §2575-a28, -a31, -a36, 2582, 2583-a, -d, -r, 2600-o4; SS15, §2588; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §2439; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §147.2]
85 Acts, ch 168, §2; 88 Acts, ch 1225, §3; 96 Acts, ch 1035, §1; 96 Acts, ch 1036, §5; 98 Acts, ch 1050, §1, 5; 2000 Acts, ch 1008, §1; 2000 Acts, ch 1053, §2; 2000 Acts, ch 1185, §1; 2004 Acts, ch 1045, §1; 2004 Acts, ch 1175, §421, 433; 2005 Acts, ch 53, §1; 2007 Acts, ch 10, §28; 2008 Acts, ch 1009, §1, 5; 2008 Acts, ch 1088, §2; 2012 Acts, ch 1101, §2; 2015 Acts, ch 57, §2; 2015 Acts, ch 70, §3, 18; 2018 Acts, ch 1052, §2, 12; 2018 Acts, ch 1106, §3, 14
Referred to in §148.6, 148G.1, 148G.6