reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 726 - PROTECTIONS FOR THE FAMILY, DEPENDENT PERSONS, RESIDENTS OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES, AND OLDER INDIVIDUALS › Section 726.22 - Definitions.

726.22 Definitions.
As used in this subchapter, unless the context otherwise requires:
1. “Child” means any person under eighteen years of age.
2. “Governmental unit” means the state, or any county, municipality, or other political subdivision of the state, or any department, board, division, or other agency of any of these entities; an authorized representative of the state, or any county, municipality, or other political subdivision of the state, or of a department, board, division, or other agency of any of these entities; or a school district or an authorized representative of a school district.
2005 Acts, ch 132, §2
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 726 - PROTECTIONS FOR THE FAMILY, DEPENDENT PERSONS, RESIDENTS OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES, AND OLDER INDIVIDUALS › Section 726.23 - Fingerprinting of children prohibited — exception — conditions.

726.23 Fingerprinting of children prohibited — exception — conditions.
1. Except as provided in subsection 2, a governmental unit shall not fingerprint a child.
2. A governmental unit may fingerprint a child if one or more of the following conditions apply:
a. (1) A parent or guardian has given written authorization for the taking of the fingerprints for use in the future in case the child becomes a runaway or a missing child. Only one set of prints shall be taken and the completed fingerprint cards and written authorizations shall be given to the parent or guardian. The fingerprints, written authorizations for fingerprinting, or notice of the fingerprints’ existence shall not be recorded, stored, or kept in any manner by a law enforcement agency, except as provided in this subchapter or except at the request of the parent or guardian if the child becomes a runaway or a missing child. When the child is located or the case is otherwise disposed of, the fingerprint cards shall be returned to the parents or guardian.
(2) Nothing in this paragraph “a” shall be construed to prohibit a governmental unit from taking the fingerprints of a child at the Iowa state fair or a county or district fair as defined in section 174.1 as long as the governmental unit complies with the requirements of this paragraph “a”.
b. Fingerprints are required to be taken pursuant to section 232.148, 690.2, or 690.4.
c. Fingerprints are required by court order.
d. Fingerprints are voluntarily given with the written permission of the child and parent or guardian, upon request of a law enforcement officer, to aid in a specific criminal investigation. Only one set of prints shall be taken and, upon completion of the investigation, the law enforcement agency shall return the fingerprint cards to the parent or guardian of the child.
e. Fingerprints are voluntarily given with the written permission of the child and parent or guardian for the purpose of allowing the child to work as an employee or substitute at a child care center as defined in section 237A.1.
2005 Acts, ch 132, §3; 2008 Acts, ch 1038, §1; 2022 Acts, ch 1135, §1
Subsection 2, NEW paragraph e
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 726 - PROTECTIONS FOR THE FAMILY, DEPENDENT PERSONS, RESIDENTS OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES, AND OLDER INDIVIDUALS › Section 726.26 - Dependent adult abuse — initiation of charges — penalty.

726.26 Dependent adult abuse — initiation of charges — penalty.
1. For the purposes of this section, “caretaker”, “dependent adult”, and “dependent adult abuse” mean the same as defined in section 235B.2.
2. A charge of dependent adult abuse may be initiated upon the complaint of a private individual, as a result of an investigation by a social service agency, or on the direct initiative of the office of the attorney general, a county attorney, or a law enforcement agency.
3. A caretaker who intentionally or recklessly commits dependent adult abuse is guilty of murder in the second degree in violation of section 707.3 if the intentional or reckless dependent adult abuse results in the death of the dependent adult.
4. A caretaker who intentionally commits dependent adult abuse is guilty of a class “C” felony if the intentional dependent adult abuse results in serious injury.
5. A caretaker who recklessly commits dependent adult abuse is guilty of a class “D” felony if the reckless dependent adult abuse results in serious injury.
6. A caretaker who intentionally commits dependent adult abuse is guilty of a class “C” felony if the intentional dependent adult abuse results in physical injury.
7. A caretaker who commits dependent adult abuse by exploitation of a dependent adult is guilty of a class “D” felony if the value of the property, assets, or resources exceeds one hundred dollars.
8. A caretaker who recklessly commits dependent adult abuse is guilty of an aggravated misdemeanor if the reckless dependent adult abuse results in physical injury.
9. A caretaker who otherwise intentionally or knowingly commits dependent adult abuse is guilty of a serious misdemeanor.
10. A caretaker who commits dependent adult abuse by exploitation of a dependent adult is guilty of a simple misdemeanor if the value of the property, assets, or resources is one hundred dollars or less.
11. A caretaker alleged to have committed dependent adult abuse shall be charged with the respective offense cited, unless a charge may be brought based upon a more serious offense, in which case the charge of the more serious offense shall supersede the less serious charge.
2022 Acts, ch 1132, §6; 2022 Acts, ch 1153, §47
Referred to in §235E.4, 272C.15, 671A.2
NEW section
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 726 - PROTECTIONS FOR THE FAMILY, DEPENDENT PERSONS, RESIDENTS OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES, AND OLDER INDIVIDUALS › Section 726.27 - Wanton neglect of a resident of a health care facility.

726.27 Wanton neglect of a resident of a health care facility.
1. A person commits wanton neglect of a resident of a health care facility when the person knowingly acts in a manner likely to be injurious to the physical or mental welfare of a resident of a health care facility as defined in section 135C.1.
2. A person who commits wanton neglect resulting in serious injury to a resident of a health care facility is guilty of a class “C” felony.
3. A person who commits wanton neglect not resulting in serious injury to a resident of a health care facility is guilty of an aggravated misdemeanor.
[C79, 81, §726.7]
91 Acts, ch 107, §13; 2022 Acts, ch 1132, §8
C2023, §726.27
Referred to in §135B.34, 135C.33, 152.5A
Section transferred from §726.7 in Code 2023 pursuant to directive in
2022 Acts, ch 1132, §8
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 726 - PROTECTIONS FOR THE FAMILY, DEPENDENT PERSONS, RESIDENTS OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES, AND OLDER INDIVIDUALS › Section 726.28 - Wanton neglect or nonsupport of a dependent adult.

726.28 Wanton neglect or nonsupport of a dependent adult.
1. A caretaker commits wanton neglect of a dependent adult if the caretaker knowingly acts in a manner likely to be injurious to the physical, mental, or emotional welfare of a dependent adult. Wanton neglect of a dependent adult is a serious misdemeanor.
2. A person who has legal responsibility either through contract or court order for support of a dependent adult and who fails or refuses to provide support commits nonsupport. Nonsupport is a class “D” felony.
3. A person alleged to have committed wanton neglect or nonsupport of a dependent adult shall be charged with the respective offense unless a charge may be brought based upon a more serious offense, in which case the charge of the more serious offense shall supersede the less serious charge.
4. For the purposes of this section, “dependent adult” means a dependent adult as defined in section 235B.2, subsection 4, and “caretaker” means a caretaker as defined in section 235B.2, subsection 1.
87 Acts, ch 182, §10
CS87, §726.8
2022 Acts, ch 1132, §8
C2023, §726.28
Referred to in §135B.34, 135C.33, 152.5A
Section transferred from §726.8 in Code 2023 pursuant to directive in
2022 Acts, ch 1132, §8
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 727 - HEALTH, SAFETY, AND WELFARE › Section 727.1 - Distributing dangerous substances.

727.1 Distributing dangerous substances.
Any person who distributes samples of any drugs or medicine, or any corrosive, caustic, poisonous or other injurious substance, commits a simple misdemeanor unless the person delivers such into the hands of a competent person, or otherwise takes reasonable precautions that the substance will not be taken by children or animals from the place where the substance is deposited.
[S13, §4999-a42, 4999-a43; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §13244, 13245; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §732.8, 732.9; C79, 81, §727.1]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 727 - HEALTH, SAFETY, AND WELFARE › Section 727.3 - Abandoned or unattended refrigerators.

727.3 Abandoned or unattended refrigerators.
Any person who abandons or otherwise leaves unattended any refrigerator, icebox, or similar container, with doors that may become locked, outside of buildings and accessible to children, or any person who allows any such refrigerator, ice box, or similar container, to remain outside of buildings on premises in the person’s possession or control, abandoned or unattended and so accessible to children, commits a simple misdemeanor.
[C58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §732.20 – 732.23; C79, 81, §727.3]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 727 - HEALTH, SAFETY, AND WELFARE › Section 727.4 - Exposing persons to X-ray radiation.

727.4 Exposing persons to X-ray radiation.
Any person other than one licensed to practice medicine, osteopathic medicine, chiropractic, or dentistry, or one acting under the direction of a person so licensed, who knowingly exposes any other person to X-ray radiation, commits a simple misdemeanor.
[C62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §732.24; C79, 81, §727.4]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 727 - HEALTH, SAFETY, AND WELFARE › Section 727.5 - Obstruction of emergency communications.

727.5 Obstruction of emergency communications.
An emergency communication is any telephone call or radio transmission to a fire department or police department for aid, or a call or transmission for medical aid or ambulance service, when human life or property is in jeopardy and the prompt summoning of aid is essential. A person who fails to relinquish a telephone or telephone line which the person is using when informed that the phone or line is needed for an emergency call or knowingly and intentionally obstructs or interferes with an emergency call or transmission commits a simple misdemeanor.
[C62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §714.33, 714.34; C79, 81, §727.5]
87 Acts, ch 12, §1
Referred to in §727.7
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 727 - HEALTH, SAFETY, AND WELFARE › Section 727.6 - Falsely claiming emergency.

727.6 Falsely claiming emergency.
Any person who secures the use of a telephone or telephone line by falsely stating that such telephone or line is needed for an emergency call commits a simple misdemeanor.
[C62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §714.35; C79, 81, §727.6]
Referred to in §727.7
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 727 - HEALTH, SAFETY, AND WELFARE › Section 727.7 - Publication required.

727.7 Publication required.
Every telephone company doing business in this state shall print a copy of sections 727.5 and 727.6 in a prominent place in every telephone directory published by it. Any person, firm, or corporation providing telephone service which distributes or causes to be distributed in this state copies of a telephone directory which is subject to the provisions of this section which does not contain the notice herein provided for commits a simple misdemeanor.
[C62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §714.36; C79, 81, §727.7]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 727 - HEALTH, SAFETY, AND WELFARE › Section 727.8 - Electronic and mechanical eavesdropping.

727.8 Electronic and mechanical eavesdropping.
1. “Monitoring device” means a digital video or audio streaming or recording device that records, listens to, or otherwise intercepts video or audio communications in order to provide proof of or prevent criminal activity that is placed outside of a person’s dwelling or other structure that is not in a shared hallway and is on real property owned or leased by the person.
2. Any person, having no right or authority to do so, who taps into or connects a listening or recording device to any telephone or other communication wire, or who by any electronic or mechanical means listens to, records, or otherwise intercepts a conversation or communication of any kind, commits a serious misdemeanor.
3. This section does not apply to any of the following:
a. The recording by a sender or recipient of a message or one who is openly present and participating in or listening to a communication from recording such message or communication.
b. The use of any radio or television receiver to receive any communication transmitted by radio or wireless signal.
c. The use of a monitoring device.
[C97, §4816; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §13121; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §716.8; C79, 81, §727.8]
2018 Acts, ch 1102, §1
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 727 - HEALTH, SAFETY, AND WELFARE › Section 727.8A - Cameras or electronic surveillance devices — trespass.

727.8A Cameras or electronic surveillance devices — trespass.
A person committing a trespass as defined in section 716.7 who knowingly places or uses a camera or electronic surveillance device that transmits or records images or data while the device is on the trespassed property commits an aggravated misdemeanor for a first offense and a class “D” felony for a second or subsequent offense.
2021 Acts, ch 83, §2
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 727 - HEALTH, SAFETY, AND WELFARE › Section 727.9 - Transacting business without a license.

727.9 Transacting business without a license.
Unless another penalty is specifically provided, any person who without a license carries on or transacts any business or occupation for which a license is required by any law of this state, commits a simple misdemeanor.
[C51, §2737; R60, §4380; C73, §4046; C97, §5010; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §13072; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §713.27; C79, 81, §727.9]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 727 - HEALTH, SAFETY, AND WELFARE › Section 727.10 - Exhibiting persons.

727.10 Exhibiting persons.
A person shall not exhibit, place on exhibition, or cause to be exhibited any person without the permission of the person exhibited or the person’s parent or guardian. A parent or guardian of an exhibited person shall not receive compensation from the exhibition. A person who violates this section commits a serious misdemeanor.
[S13, §4975-1a; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §13197; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §725.12; C79, 81, §727.10]
95 Acts, ch 168, §1
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 727 - HEALTH, SAFETY, AND WELFARE › Section 727.11 - Disclosure of information concerning use of videotapes — penalty.

727.11 Disclosure of information concerning use of videotapes — penalty.
1. Except as provided in subsection 2, a person engaged in the business of renting, leasing, loaning, or otherwise distributing for a fee videotapes or other like items to individuals for personal use shall not disclose any information which would reveal the identity of an individual renting, leasing, borrowing, or otherwise obtaining through the business a videotape or other like item, except to the extent permitted by the individual as evidenced by the individual’s written consent or as otherwise provided in this section.
2. In the absence of consent, the information may be released in any of the following situations:
a. To a criminal or juvenile justice agency only pursuant to an investigation of a particular person or organization suspected of committing a known crime. The information shall be released only upon a judicial determination that a rational connection exists between the requested release of information and a legitimate end and that the need for the information is cogent and compelling.
b. To the extent reasonably necessary to collect payment for the rental, lease, or other distribution fee for the materials, if the individual has been given written notice that the payment is due and the individual has failed to pay or arrange for payment within a reasonable time after this notice.
c. If the disclosure is for the exclusive purpose of marketing goods and services directly to the consumer. The person disclosing the information shall inform the customer in writing that the customer may, by written notice, require the person to refrain from disclosing the information pursuant to this paragraph.
3. A person who violates this section commits a simple misdemeanor.
88 Acts, ch 1256, §2; 89 Acts, ch 296, §89; 96 Acts, ch 1034, §64
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 727 - HEALTH, SAFETY, AND WELFARE › Section 727.12 - Failure to assist.

727.12 Failure to assist.
1. A person who reasonably believes another person is suffering from a risk of serious bodily injury or imminent danger of death shall, if the person is able, attempt to contact local law enforcement or local emergency response authorities, if doing so does not place the person or the other person at risk of serious bodily injury or imminent danger of death. A person shall not be required to contact local law enforcement or emergency response authorities if the person knows or reasonably believes that the other person is not in need of help or assistance.
2. A person who violates this section without lawful cause commits the following:
a. A simple misdemeanor if the failure to assist results in the other person suffering serious bodily injury.
b. An aggravated misdemeanor if the failure to assist results in the death of the other person.
2021 Acts, ch 173, §3
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 728 - OBSCENITY › Section 728.2 - Dissemination and exhibition of obscene material to minors.

728.2 Dissemination and exhibition of obscene material to minors.
Any person, other than the parent or guardian of the minor, who knowingly disseminates or exhibits obscene material to a minor, including the exhibition of obscene material so that it can be observed by a minor on or off the premises where it is displayed, is guilty of a public offense and shall upon conviction be guilty of a serious misdemeanor.
[C51, §2717; R60, §4359; C73, §4022; C97, §4951, 4955; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §13189, 13193; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, §725.4, 725.8; C75, 77, §725.2; C79, 81, §728.2]
Referred to in §272.2, 692A.102, 728.8, 728.9
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 728 - OBSCENITY › Section 728.3 - Admitting minors to premises where obscene material is exhibited.

728.3 Admitting minors to premises where obscene material is exhibited.
1. A person who knowingly sells, gives, delivers, or provides a minor who is not a child with a pass or admits the minor to premises where obscene material is exhibited is guilty of a public offense and upon conviction is guilty of a serious misdemeanor.
2. A person who knowingly sells, gives, delivers, or provides a child with a pass or admits a child to premises where obscene material is exhibited is guilty of a public offense and upon conviction is guilty of an aggravated misdemeanor.
[C51, §2717; R60, §4359; C73, §4022; C97, §4951; S13, §4944-k; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §13185, 13189; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, §725.3, 725.4; C75, 77, §725.3; C79, 81, §728.3]
83 Acts, ch 167, §2
Referred to in §692A.102, 728.8, 728.9
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 728 - OBSCENITY › Section 728.4 - Rental or sale of hard-core pornography.

728.4 Rental or sale of hard-core pornography.
A person who knowingly rents, sells, or offers for rental or sale material depicting patently offensive representations of oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse, actual or simulated, involving humans, or depicting patently offensive representations of masturbation, excretory functions, or bestiality, or lewd exhibition of the genitals, which the average adult taking the material as a whole in applying statewide contemporary community standards would find appeals to the prurient interest; and which material, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, scientific, political, or artistic value, upon conviction is guilty of an aggravated misdemeanor. However, second and subsequent violations of this section by a person who has been previously convicted of violating this section are class “D” felonies. Charges under this section may only be brought by a county attorney or by the attorney general.
[C79, 81, §728.4; 82 Acts, ch 1115, §1]
83 Acts, ch 167, §3; 89 Acts, ch 263, §2
Referred to in §692A.102
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 728 - OBSCENITY › Section 728.5 - Public indecent exposure in certain establishments.

728.5 Public indecent exposure in certain establishments.
1. An owner, manager, or person who exercises direct control over a place of business required to obtain a sales or use tax permit shall be guilty of a serious misdemeanor under any of the following circumstances:
a. If such person allows or permits the actual or simulated public performance of any sex act upon or in such place of business.
b. If such person allows or permits the exposure of the genitals or buttocks or female breast of any person who acts as a waiter or waitress.
c. If such person allows or permits the exposure of the genitals or female breast nipple of any person who acts as an entertainer, whether or not the owner of the place of business in which the activity is performed employs or pays any compensation to such person to perform such activity.
d. If such person allows or permits any person to remain in or upon the place of business who exposes to public view the person’s genitals, pubic hair, or anus.
e. If such person advertises that any activity prohibited by this section is allowed or permitted in such place of business.
f. If such person allows or permits a minor to engage in or otherwise perform in a live act intended to arouse or satisfy the sexual desires or appeal to the prurient interests of patrons.
2. However, if such person allows or permits a minor to participate in any act included in subsection 1, paragraphs “a” through “d”, the person shall be guilty of an aggravated misdemeanor.
3. Except for subsection 1, paragraph “f”, the provisions of this section shall not apply to a theater, concert hall, art center, museum, or similar establishment which is primarily devoted to the arts or theatrical performances and in which any of the circumstances contained in this section were permitted or allowed as part of such art exhibits or performances.
[C79, 81, §728.5]
92 Acts, ch 1029, §1; 97 Acts, ch 125, §3; 2010 Acts, ch 1078, §2; 2022 Acts, ch 1138, §34
Referred to in §728.8
Subsection 1, unnumbered paragraph 1 amended
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 728 - OBSCENITY › Section 728.6 - Civil suit to determine obscenity.

728.6 Civil suit to determine obscenity.
Whenever the county attorney of any county has reasonable cause to believe that any person is engaged or plans to engage in the dissemination or exhibition of obscene material within the county attorney’s county to minors the county attorney may institute a civil proceeding in the district court of the county to enjoin the dissemination or exhibition of obscene material to minors. Such application for injunction is optional and not mandatory and shall not be construed as a prerequisite to criminal prosecution for a violation of this chapter.
[C75, 77, §725.4; C79, 81, §728.6]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 728 - OBSCENITY › Section 728.7 - Exemptions for public libraries and educational institutions.

728.7 Exemptions for public libraries and educational institutions.
Nothing in this chapter prohibits the use of appropriate material for educational purposes in any accredited school, or any public library, or in any educational program in which the minor is participating. Nothing in this chapter prohibits the attendance of minors at an exhibition or display of art works or the use of any materials in any public library.
[C75, 77, §725.5; C79, 81, §728.7]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 728 - OBSCENITY › Section 728.8 - Suspension of licenses or permits.

728.8 Suspension of licenses or permits.
Any person who knowingly permits a violation of section 728.2, 728.3, or 728.5, subsection 1, paragraph “f”, to occur on premises under the person’s control shall have all permits and licenses issued to the person under state or local law as a prerequisite for doing business on such premises revoked for a period of six months. The county attorney shall notify all agencies responsible for issuing licenses and permits of any conviction under section 728.2, 728.3, or 728.5, subsection 1, paragraph “f”.
[C75, 77, §725.6; C79, 81, §728.8]
92 Acts, ch 1029, §2; 97 Acts, ch 125, §4; 2011 Acts, ch 34, §148
Referred to in §331.756(66)
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 728 - OBSCENITY › Section 728.9 - Evidence considered.

728.9 Evidence considered.
At a trial for violation of section 728.2 or 728.3 the court may consider the material, and receive into evidence in addition to other competent evidence, the offered testimony of experts pertaining to:
1. The artistic, literary, political or scientific value, if any, of the challenged material.
2. The degree of public acceptance within the community of the material or material of similar character.
3. The intent of the author, artist, producer, publisher or manufacturer in creating the material.
4. The advertising promotion and other circumstances relating to the sale of the material.
[C75, 77, §725.7; C79, 81, §728.9]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 728 - OBSCENITY › Section 728.10 - Affirmative defense.

728.10 Affirmative defense.
In any prosecution for disseminating or exhibiting obscene material to minors, it is an affirmative defense that the defendant had reasonable cause to believe that the minor involved was eighteen years old or more and the minor exhibited to the defendant a draft card, driver’s license, birth certificate or other official or apparently official document purporting to establish that such minor was eighteen years old or more or was accompanied by a parent or spouse eighteen years of age or more.
[C75, 77, §725.8; C79, 81, §728.10]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 728 - OBSCENITY › Section 728.11 - Uniform application.

728.11 Uniform application.
In order to provide for the uniform application of the provisions of this chapter relating to obscene material applicable to minors within this state, it is intended that the sole and only regulation of obscene material shall be under the provisions of this chapter, and no municipality, county or other governmental unit within this state shall make any law, ordinance or regulation relating to the availability of obscene materials. All such laws, ordinances or regulations shall be or become void, unenforceable and of no effect on January 1, 1978. Nothing in this section shall restrict the zoning authority of cities and counties.
[C75, 77, §725.9; C79, 81, §728.11]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 728 - OBSCENITY › Section 728.12 - Sexual exploitation of a minor.

728.12 Sexual exploitation of a minor.
1. It shall be unlawful to employ, use, persuade, induce, entice, coerce, solicit, knowingly permit, or otherwise cause or attempt to cause a minor to engage in a prohibited sexual act or in the simulation of a prohibited sexual act. A person must know, or have reason to know, or intend that the act or simulated act may be photographed, filmed, or otherwise preserved in a visual depiction. A person who commits a violation of this subsection commits a class “C” felony. Notwithstanding section 902.9, the court may assess a fine of not more than fifty thousand dollars for each offense under this subsection in addition to imposing any other authorized sentence.
2. It shall be unlawful to knowingly promote any material visually depicting a live performance of a minor engaging in a prohibited sexual act or in the simulation of a prohibited sexual act. A person who commits a violation of this subsection commits a class “D” felony. Notwithstanding section 902.9, the court may assess a fine of not more than twenty-five thousand dollars for each offense under this subsection in addition to imposing any other authorized sentence.
3. It shall be unlawful to knowingly purchase or possess a visual depiction of a minor engaging in a prohibited sexual act or the simulation of a prohibited sexual act. A visual depiction containing pictorial representations of different minors shall be prosecuted and punished as separate offenses for each pictorial representation of a different minor in the visual depiction. However, violations of this subsection involving multiple visual depictions of the same minor shall be prosecuted and punished as one offense. A person who commits a violation of this subsection commits an aggravated misdemeanor for a first offense and a class “D” felony for a second or subsequent offense. For purposes of this subsection, an offense is considered a second or subsequent offense if, prior to the person’s having been convicted under this subsection, any of the following apply:
a. The person has a prior conviction or deferred judgment under this subsection.
b. The person has a prior conviction, deferred judgment, or the equivalent of a deferred judgment in another jurisdiction for an offense substantially similar to the offense defined in this subsection. The court shall judicially notice the statutes of other states that define offenses substantially similar to the offense defined in this subsection and that therefore can be considered corresponding statutes.
4. This section does not apply to law enforcement officers, court personnel, licensed physicians, licensed psychologists, or attorneys in the performance of their official duties.
[C79, 81, §728.12]
83 Acts, ch 167, §4; 86 Acts, ch 1176, §1 – 3; 89 Acts, ch 263, §3; 2001 Acts, ch 17, §4; 2003 Acts, ch 65, §1, 2; 2012 Acts, ch 1057, §7, 8
Referred to in §229A.2, 232.68, 236A.2, 236A.18, 692A.102, 802.2B, 901A.1, 903B.1, 903B.2, 903B.10, 915.36, 915.37
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 728 - OBSCENITY › Section 728.14 - Commercial film and photographic print processor reports of depictions of minors engaged in prohibited sexual acts.

728.14 Commercial film and photographic print processor reports of depictions of minors engaged in prohibited sexual acts.
1. A commercial film and photographic print processor who has knowledge of or observes, within the scope of the processor’s professional capacity or employment, a visual depiction of a minor whom the processor knows or reasonably should know to be under the age of eighteen, engaged in a prohibited sexual act or in the simulation of a prohibited sexual act, shall report the visual depiction to the county attorney immediately or as soon as possible as required in this section. The processor shall not report to the county attorney visual depictions involving mere nudity of the minor, but shall report visual depictions involving a prohibited sexual act. This section shall not be construed to require a processor to review all visual depictions delivered to the processor within the processor’s professional capacity or employment.
2. For purposes of this section, “prohibited sexual act” means any of the following:
a. A sex act as defined in section 702.17.
b. An act of bestiality involving a minor.
c. Fondling or touching the pubes or genitals of a minor for the purpose of arousing or satisfying the sexual desires of a person who may view a visual depiction of the act.
d. Fondling or touching the pubes or genitals of a person by a minor for the purpose of arousing or satisfying the sexual desires of a person who may view a visual depiction of the act.
e. Sadomasochistic abuse of a minor for the purpose of arousing or satisfying the sexual desires of a person who may view a visual depiction of the abuse.
f. Sadomasochistic abuse of a person by a minor for the purpose of arousing or satisfying the sexual desires of a person who may view a visual depiction of the abuse.
g. Nudity of a minor for the purpose of arousing or satisfying the sexual desires of a person who may view a visual depiction of the nude minor.
3. A person who violates this section is guilty of a simple misdemeanor.
89 Acts, ch 263, §4; 94 Acts, ch 1128, §2; 2012 Acts, ch 1057, §9
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 728 - OBSCENITY › Section 728.15 - Telephone dissemination of obscene material to minors.

728.15 Telephone dissemination of obscene material to minors.
1. a. As used in this section, “person” excludes any information-access service provider that merely provides transmission capacity without control over the content of the transmission.
b. A person shall not knowingly disseminate obscene material by the use of telephones or telephone facilities to a minor.
2. It shall be a defense in any prosecution for a violation of subsection 1 by a person accused of knowingly disseminating obscene material by the use of telephones or telephone facilities to a minor that the person accused has taken either of the following measures to restrict access to the obscene material:
a. The person accused has done all of the following:
(1) Required the person receiving the obscene material to use an authorized access or identification code, as provided by the information provider, before transmission of the obscene material begins.
(2) Previously issued the code by mailing it to the applicant after taking reasonable measures to ascertain that the applicant was eighteen years of age or older.
(3) Established a procedure to immediately cancel the code of any person after receiving notice, in writing or by telephone, that the code has been lost, stolen, or used by persons under the age of eighteen years or that the code is no longer desired.
b. The person accused has required payment by credit card before transmission of the obscene material.
3. Any list of applicants or recipients compiled or maintained by an information-access service provider for purposes of compliance with subsection 2 is confidential and shall not be sold or otherwise disseminated except upon order of the court.
4. a. A violation of subsection 1 is an aggravated misdemeanor.
b. A violation of subsection 1 by a person who has been previously convicted of a violation of subsection 1 is a class “D” felony.
89 Acts, ch 263, §5; 2009 Acts, ch 133, §184
Referred to in §272.2, 692A.102
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 729 - INFRINGEMENT OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS › Section 729.1 - Religious test.

729.1 Religious test.
Any violation of
Article I, section 4, of the Constitution of the State of Iowa
is hereby declared to be a simple misdemeanor unless a greater penalty is otherwise provided by law.
[C35, §13252-f1; C39, §13252.1; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §735.3; C79, 81, §729.1]
95 Acts, ch 49, §26; 2006 Acts, ch 1010, §161; 2008 Acts, ch 1032, §89
Referred to in §729.2
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 729 - INFRINGEMENT OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS › Section 729.2 - Evidence.

729.2 Evidence.
If any person, agency, bureau, corporation, or association employed or maintained to obtain, or aid in obtaining, positions for others in the public schools, or positions in any other public institutions in the state, or any individual or official connected with any public school or public institution shall ask, indicate, or transmit orally or in writing the religion or religious affiliations of any person seeking employment in the public schools or any other public institutions, it shall constitute evidence of a violation of section 729.1.
[C35, §13252-f2; C39, §13252.2; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §735.4; C79, 81, §729.2]
Referred to in §729.3
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 729 - INFRINGEMENT OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS › Section 729.3 - Penalty.

729.3 Penalty.
Any person, agency, bureau, corporation, or association that violates provisions of section 729.2 shall be guilty of a simple misdemeanor.
[C35, §13252-f3; C39, §13252.3; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §735.5; C79, 81, §729.3]
95 Acts, ch 49, §27
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 729 - INFRINGEMENT OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS › Section 729.4 - Fair employment practices.

729.4 Fair employment practices.
1. Every person in this state is entitled to the opportunity for employment on equal terms with every other person. A person or employer shall not discriminate in the employment of individuals because of race, religion, color, sex, national origin, or ancestry. However, as to employment an individual must be qualified to perform the services or work required.
2. A labor union or organization or an officer thereof shall not discriminate against any person as to membership therein because of race, religion, color, sex, national origin or ancestry.
3. Any person, employer, labor union or organization or officer of a labor union or organization convicted of a violation of subsection 1 or 2 shall be guilty of a simple misdemeanor.
[C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §735.6; C79, 81, §729.4]
87 Acts, ch 74, §1
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 729 - INFRINGEMENT OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS › Section 729.5 - Violation of individual rights — penalty.

729.5 Violation of individual rights — penalty.
1. A person, who acts alone, or who conspires with another person or persons, to injure, oppress, threaten, or intimidate or interfere with any citizen in the free exercise or enjoyment of any right or privilege secured to that person by the constitution or laws of the state of Iowa or by the constitution or laws of the United States, and assembles with one or more persons for the purpose of teaching or being instructed in any technique or means capable of causing property damage, bodily injury or death when the person or persons intend to employ those techniques or means in furtherance of the conspiracy, is on conviction, guilty of a class “D” felony.
2. A person intimidates or interferes with another person if the act of the person results in any of the following:
a. Physical injury to the other person.
b. Physical damage to or destruction of the other person’s property.
c. Communication in a manner, or action in a manner, intended to result in either of the following:
(1) To place the other person in fear of physical contact which will be injurious, insulting, or offensive, coupled with the apparent ability to execute the act.
(2) To place the other person in fear of harm to the other person’s property, or harm to the person or property of a third person.
3. This section does not make unlawful the teaching of any technique in self-defense.
4. This section does not make unlawful any activity of any of the following officials or persons:
a. Law enforcement officials of this or any other jurisdiction while engaged in the lawful performance of their official duties.
b. Federal officials required to carry firearms while engaged in the lawful performance of their official duties.
c. Members of the armed forces of the United States or the national guard while engaged in the lawful performance of their official duties.
d. Any conservation commission, law enforcement agency, or any agency licensed to provide security services, or any hunting club, gun club, shooting range, or other organization or entity whose primary purpose is to teach the safe handling or use of firearms, archery equipment, or other weapons or techniques employed in connection with lawful sporting or other lawful activity.
88 Acts, ch 1163, §1; 90 Acts, ch 1139, §2; 92 Acts, ch 1157, §7; 2013 Acts, ch 90, §237
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 729A - VIOLATION OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS — HATE CRIMES › Section 729A.1 - Violations of an individual’s rights prohibited.

729A.1 Violations of an individual’s rights prohibited.
Persons within the state of Iowa have the right to be free from any violence, or intimidation by threat of violence, committed against their persons or property because of their race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, political affiliation, sex, sexual orientation, age, or disability.
92 Acts, ch 1157, §8
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 729A - VIOLATION OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS — HATE CRIMES › Section 729A.2 - Violation of individual rights — hate crime.

729A.2 Violation of individual rights — hate crime.
“Hate crime” means one of the following public offenses when committed against a person or a person’s property because of the person’s race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, political affiliation, sex, sexual orientation, age, or disability, or the person’s association with a person of a certain race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, political affiliation, sex, sexual orientation, age, or disability:
1. Assault in violation of individual rights under section 708.2C.
2. Violations of individual rights under section 712.9.
3. Criminal mischief in violation of individual rights under section 716.6A.
4. Trespass in violation of individual rights under section 716.8, subsections 3 and 4.
92 Acts, ch 1157, §9
Referred to in §692.15, 708.2C, 712.9, 716.6A, 716.8
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 729A - VIOLATION OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS — HATE CRIMES › Section 729A.3 - Local ordinances.

729A.3 Local ordinances.
This chapter does not prohibit political subdivisions from enacting ordinances which are consistent with this chapter. Local ordinances reasonably regulating the time, place, or manner of the exercise of constitutional rights are permissible.
92 Acts, ch 1157, §10
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 729A - VIOLATION OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS — HATE CRIMES › Section 729A.4 - Violation of individual rights — sensitivity training.

729A.4 Violation of individual rights — sensitivity training.
The prosecuting attorneys training coordinator shall develop a course of instruction for law enforcement personnel and prosecuting attorneys designed to sensitize those persons to the existence of violations of individual rights and the criteria for determining whether a violation of individual rights has occurred. The prosecuting attorneys training coordinator shall consult with the civil rights commission, the office of the attorney general, and the department of public safety regarding the content and provision of this course of instruction.
92 Acts, ch 1157, §11
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 729A - VIOLATION OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS — HATE CRIMES › Section 729A.5 - Civil remedies.

729A.5 Civil remedies.
1. A victim who has suffered physical, emotional, or financial harm as a result of a violation of this chapter due to the commission of a hate crime is entitled to and may bring an action for injunctive relief, general and special damages, reasonable attorney fees, and costs.
2. An action brought pursuant to this section must be brought within two years after the date of the violation of this chapter.
3. In an action brought pursuant to this section, the burden of proof shall be the same as in other civil actions for similar relief.
4. This section does not apply to complaints or discriminatory or unfair practices under chapter 216.
92 Acts, ch 1157, §12; 2018 Acts, ch 1041, §127
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 730 - EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE OFFENSES › Section 730.1 - Statements regarding discharge.

730.1 Statements regarding discharge.
If any person, agent, company, or corporation, after having discharged any employee from service, shall prevent or attempt to prevent, by word or writing of any kind, such discharged employee from obtaining employment with any other person, company, or corporation, except by furnishing in writing on request a truthful statement as to the cause of the person’s discharge, such person, agent, company, or corporation shall be guilty of a serious misdemeanor and shall be liable for all damages sustained by any such person.
[C97, §5027; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §13253; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §736.1; C79, 81, §730.1]
Referred to in §730.2
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 730 - EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE OFFENSES › Section 730.2 - Blacklisting employees — treble damages.

730.2 Blacklisting employees — treble damages.
If any railway company or other company, partnership, or corporation shall authorize or allow any of its or their agents to blacklist any discharged employee, or attempt by word or writing or any other means whatever to prevent such discharged employee, or any employee who may have voluntarily left said company’s service, from obtaining employment with any other person or company, except as provided for in section 730.1, such company or partnership shall be liable in treble damages to such employee so prevented from obtaining employment.
[C97, §5028; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §13254; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §736.2; C79, 81, §730.2]
2008 Acts, ch 1032, §106
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 730 - EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE OFFENSES › Section 730.3 - False charges concerning honesty.

730.3 False charges concerning honesty.
Every person who shall by any letter, mark, sign, or designation whatever, or by any verbal statement, falsely and without probable cause, report to any railroad or any other company or corporation, or to any person or firm, or to any of the officers, servants, agents, or employees of any such corporation, person, or firm, that any conductor, crew member, engineer, stoker, station agent, or any employee of such railroad company, corporation, person, or firm has received any money or thing of value for the transportation of persons or property or for other service for which the person has not accounted to such corporation, person, or firm, or shall falsely and without probable cause report that any conductor, crew member, engineer, stoker, station agent, or other employee of any railroad company, corporation, firm, or person, neglected, failed, or refused to collect any money or ticket for transportation of persons or property or other service when it was their duty so to do, shall, on conviction, be guilty of a simple misdemeanor.
[SS15, §5028-w1; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §13255; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §736.3; C79, 81, §730.3]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 731 - LABOR UNION MEMBERSHIP › Section 731.1 - Right to join union.

731.1 Right to join union.
It is declared to be the policy of the state of Iowa that no person within its boundaries shall be deprived of the right to work at the person’s chosen occupation for any employer because of membership in, affiliation with, withdrawal or expulsion from, or refusal to join, any labor union, organization, or association, and any contract which contravenes this policy is illegal and void.
[C50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §736A.1; C79, 81, §731.1]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 731 - LABOR UNION MEMBERSHIP › Section 731.2 - Refusal to employ prohibited.

731.2 Refusal to employ prohibited.
It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, association or corporation to refuse or deny employment to any person because of membership in, or affiliation with, or resignation or withdrawal from, a labor union, organization or association, or because of refusal to join or affiliate with a labor union, organization or association.
[C50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §736A.2; C79, 81, §731.2]