reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13401 - Insecurity — adequate assurance of performance.

554.13401 Insecurity — adequate assurance of performance.
1. A lease contract imposes an obligation on each party that the other’s expectation of receiving due performance will not be impaired.
2. If reasonable grounds for insecurity arise with respect to the performance of either party, the insecure party may demand in writing adequate assurance of due performance. Until the insecure party receives that assurance, if commercially reasonable the insecure party may suspend any performance for which the insecure party has not already received the agreed return.
3. A repudiation of the lease contract occurs if assurance of due performance adequate under the circumstances of the particular case is not provided to the insecure party within a reasonable time, not to exceed thirty days after receipt of a demand by the other party.
4. Between merchants, the reasonableness of grounds for insecurity and the adequacy of any assurance offered must be determined according to commercial standards.
5. Acceptance of any nonconforming delivery or payment does not prejudice the aggrieved party’s right to demand adequate assurance of future performance.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §46
Referred to in §554.13402, 554.13403
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13402 - Anticipatory repudiation.

554.13402 Anticipatory repudiation.
If either party repudiates a lease contract with respect to a performance not yet due under the lease contract, the loss of which performance will substantially impair the value of the lease contract to the other, the aggrieved party may:
1. for a commercially reasonable time, await retraction of repudiation and performance by the repudiating party;
2. make demand pursuant to section 554.13401 and await assurance of future performance adequate under the circumstances of the particular case; or
3. resort to any right or remedy upon default under the lease contract or this Article, even though the aggrieved party has notified the repudiating party that the aggrieved party would await the repudiating party’s performance and assurance and has urged retraction. In addition, whether or not the aggrieved party is pursuing one of the foregoing remedies, the aggrieved party may suspend performance or, if the aggrieved party is the lessor, proceed in accordance with the provisions of this Article on the lessor’s right to identify goods to the lease contract notwithstanding default or to salvage unfinished goods (section 554.13524).
94 Acts, ch 1052, §47
Referred to in §554.13508
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13403 - Retraction of anticipatory repudiation.

554.13403 Retraction of anticipatory repudiation.
1. Until the repudiating party’s next performance is due, the repudiating party can retract the repudiation unless, since the repudiation, the aggrieved party has canceled the lease contract or materially changed the aggrieved party’s position or otherwise indicated that the aggrieved party considers the repudiation final.
2. Retraction may be by any method that clearly indicates to the aggrieved party that the repudiating party intends to perform under the lease contract and includes any assurance demanded under section 554.13401.
3. Retraction reinstates a repudiating party’s rights under a lease contract with due excuse and allowance to the aggrieved party for any delay occasioned by the repudiation.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §48
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13404 - Substituted performance.

554.13404 Substituted performance.
1. If without fault of the lessee, the lessor and the supplier, the agreed berthing, loading, or unloading facilities fail or the agreed type of carrier becomes unavailable or the agreed manner of delivery otherwise becomes commercially impracticable, but a commercially reasonable substitute is available, the substitute performance must be tendered and accepted.
2. If the agreed means or manner of payment fails because of domestic or foreign governmental regulation:
a. the lessor may withhold or stop delivery or cause the supplier to withhold or stop delivery unless the lessee provides a means or manner of payment that is commercially a substantial equivalent; and
b. if delivery has already been taken, payment by the means or in the manner provided by the regulation discharges the lessee’s obligation unless the regulation is discriminatory, oppressive, or predatory.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §49
Referred to in §554.13405
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13405 - Excused performance.

554.13405 Excused performance.
Subject to section 554.13404 on substituted performance, the following rules apply:
1. Delay in delivery or nondelivery in whole or in part by a lessor or a supplier who complies with subsections 2 and 3 is not a default under the lease contract if performance as agreed has been made impracticable by the occurrence of a contingency the nonoccurrence of which was a basic assumption on which the lease contract was made or by compliance in good faith with any applicable foreign or domestic governmental regulation or order, whether or not the regulation or order later proves to be invalid.
2. If the causes mentioned in subsection 1 affect only part of the lessor’s or the supplier’s capacity to perform, the lessor or supplier shall allocate production and deliveries among the lessor’s or supplier’s customers but at the lessor’s or supplier’s option may include regular customers not then under contract for sale or lease as well as the lessor’s or supplier’s own requirements for further manufacture. The lessor or supplier may so allocate in any manner that is fair and reasonable.
3. The lessor seasonably shall notify the lessee and in the case of a finance lease the supplier seasonably shall notify the lessor and the lessee, if known, that there will be delay or nondelivery and, if allocation is required under subsection 2, of the estimated quota thus made available for the lessee.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §50
Referred to in §554.13406
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13406 - Procedure on excused performance.

554.13406 Procedure on excused performance.
1. If the lessee receives notification of a material or indefinite delay or an allocation justified under section 554.13405, the lessee may by written notification to the lessor as to any goods involved, and with respect to all of the goods if under an installment lease contract the value of the whole lease contract is substantially impaired (section 554.13510):
a. terminate the lease contract (section 554.13505, subsection 2); or
b. except in a finance lease that is not a consumer lease, modify the lease contract by accepting the available quota in substitution, with due allowance from the rent payable for the balance of the lease term for the deficiency but without further right against the lessor.
2. If, after receipt of a notification from the lessor under section 554.13405, the lessee fails so to modify the lease agreement within a reasonable time not exceeding thirty days, the lease contract lapses with respect to any deliveries affected.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §51
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13407 - Irrevocable promises — finance leases.

554.13407 Irrevocable promises — finance leases.
1. In the case of a finance lease that is not a consumer lease the lessee’s promises under the lease contract become irrevocable and independent upon the lessee’s acceptance of the goods.
2. A promise that has become irrevocable and independent under subsection 1:
a. is effective and enforceable between the parties, and by or against third parties including assignees of the parties, and
b. is not subject to cancellation, termination, modification, repudiation, excuse, or substitution without the consent of the party to whom the promise runs.
3. This section does not affect the validity under any other law of a covenant in any lease contract making the lessee’s promises irrevocable and independent upon the lessee’s acceptance of the goods.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §52
Referred to in §554.13508
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13501 - Default — procedure.

554.13501 Default — procedure.
1. Whether the lessor or the lessee is in default under a lease contract is determined by the lease agreement and this Article.
2. If the lessor or the lessee is in default under the lease contract, the party seeking enforcement has rights and remedies as provided in this Article and, except as limited by this Article, as provided in the lease agreement.
3. If the lessor or the lessee is in default under the lease contract, the party seeking enforcement may reduce the party’s claim to judgment, or otherwise enforce the lease contract by self-help or any available judicial procedure or nonjudicial procedure, including administrative proceeding, arbitration, or the like, in accordance with this Article.
4. Except as otherwise provided in section 554.1305, subsection 1, or this Article or the lease agreement, the rights and remedies referred to in subsections 2 and 3 are cumulative.
5. If the lease agreement covers both real property and goods, the party seeking enforcement may proceed under this part as to the goods, or under other applicable law as to both the real property and the goods in accordance with that party’s rights and remedies in respect of the real property, in which case this part does not apply.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §53; 2007 Acts, ch 41, §35; 2017 Acts, ch 54, §70
Referred to in §554.13303
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13502 - Notice after default.

554.13502 Notice after default.
Except as otherwise provided in this Article or the lease agreement, the lessor or lessee in default under the lease contract is not entitled to notice of default or notice of enforcement from the other party to the lease agreement.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §54
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13503 - Modification or impairment of rights and remedies.

554.13503 Modification or impairment of rights and remedies.
1. Except as otherwise provided in this Article, the lease agreement may include rights and remedies for default in addition to or in substitution for those provided in this Article and may limit or alter the measure of damages recoverable under this Article.
2. Resort to a remedy provided under this Article or in the lease agreement is optional unless the remedy is expressly agreed to be exclusive. If circumstances cause an exclusive or limited remedy to fail of its essential purpose, or provision for an exclusive remedy is unconscionable, remedy may be had as provided in this Article.
3. Consequential damages may be liquidated under section 554.13504, or may otherwise be limited, altered, or excluded unless the limitation, alteration, or exclusion is unconscionable. Limitation, alteration, or exclusion of consequential damages for injury to the person in the case of consumer goods is prima facie unconscionable but limitation, alteration, or exclusion of damages where the loss is commercial is not prima facie unconscionable.
4. Rights and remedies on default by the lessor or the lessee with respect to any obligation or promise collateral or ancillary to the lease contract are not impaired by this Article.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §55
Referred to in §554.13518, 554.13519, 554.13527, 554.13528
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13504 - Liquidation of damages.

554.13504 Liquidation of damages.
1. Damages payable by either party for default, or any other act or omission, including indemnity for loss or diminution of anticipated tax benefits or loss or damage to lessor’s residual interest, may be liquidated in the lease agreement but only at an amount or by a formula that is reasonable in light of the then anticipated harm caused by the default or other act or omission.
2. If the lease agreement provides for liquidation of damages, and such provision does not comply with subsection 1, or such provision is an exclusive or limited remedy that circumstances cause to fail of its essential purpose, remedy may be had as provided in this Article.
3. If the lessor justifiably withholds or stops delivery of goods because of the lessee’s default or insolvency (section 554.13525 or 554.13526), the lessee is entitled to restitution of any amount by which the sum of the lessee’s payments exceeds:
a. the amount to which the lessor is entitled by virtue of terms liquidating the lessor’s damages in accordance with subsection 1; or
b. in the absence of those terms, twenty percent of the then present value of the total rent the lessee was obligated to pay for the balance of the lease term, or, in the case of a consumer lease, the lesser of such amount or five hundred dollars.
4. A lessee’s right to restitution under subsection 3 is subject to offset to the extent the lessor establishes:
a. a right to recover damages under the provisions of this Article other than subsection 1; and
b. the amount or value of any benefits received by the lessee directly or indirectly by reason of the lease contract.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §56
Referred to in §554.13503, 554.13518, 554.13519, 554.13527, 554.13528
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13505 - Cancellation and termination and effect of cancellation, termination, rescission, or fraud on rights and remedies.

554.13505 Cancellation and termination and effect of cancellation, termination, rescission, or fraud on rights and remedies.
1. On cancellation of the lease contract, all obligations that are still executory on both sides are discharged, but any right based on prior default or performance survives, and the canceling party also retains any remedy for default of the whole lease contract or any unperformed balance.
2. On termination of the lease contract, all obligations that are still executory on both sides are discharged but any right based on prior default or performance survives.
3. Unless the contrary intention clearly appears, expressions of “cancellation”, “rescission”, or the like of the lease contract may not be construed as a renunciation or discharge of any claim in damages for an antecedent default.
4. Rights and remedies for material misrepresentation or fraud include all rights and remedies available under this Article for default.
5. Neither rescission nor a claim for rescission of the lease contract nor rejection or return of the goods may bar or be deemed inconsistent with a claim for damages or other right or remedy.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §57
Referred to in §554.13406, 554.13508, 554.13523
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13506 - Statute of limitations.

554.13506 Statute of limitations.
1. An action for default under a lease contract, including breach of warranty or indemnity, must be commenced within four years after the cause of action accrued. By the original lease contract the parties may reduce the period of limitation to not less than one year.
2. A cause of action for default accrues when the act or omission on which the default or breach of warranty is based is or should have been discovered by the aggrieved party, or when the default occurs, whichever is later. A cause of action for indemnity accrues when the act or omission on which the claim for indemnity is based is or should have been discovered by the indemnified party, whichever is later.
3. If an action commenced within the time limited by subsection 1 is so terminated as to leave available a remedy by another action for the same default or breach of warranty or indemnity, the other action may be commenced after the expiration of the time limited and within six months after the termination of the first action unless the termination resulted from voluntary discontinuance or from dismissal for failure or neglect to prosecute.
4. This section does not alter the law on tolling of the statute of limitations nor does it apply to causes of action that have accrued before this Article becomes effective.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §58
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13507 - Proof of market rent — time and place.

554.13507 Proof of market rent — time and place.
1. Damages based on market rent (section 554.13519 or 554.13528) are determined according to the rent for the use of the goods concerned for a lease term identical to the remaining lease term of the original lease agreement and prevailing at the times specified in sections 554.13519 and 554.13528.
2. If evidence of rent for the use of the goods concerned for a lease term identical to the remaining lease term of the original lease agreement and prevailing at the times or places described in this Article is not readily available, the rent prevailing within any reasonable time before or after the time described or at any other place or for a different lease term which in commercial judgment or under usage of trade would serve as a reasonable substitute for the one described may be used, making any proper allowance for the difference, including the cost of transporting the goods to or from the other place.
3. Evidence of a relevant rent prevailing at a time or place or for a lease term other than the one described in this Article offered by one party is not admissible unless and until the party has given the other party notice the court finds sufficient to prevent unfair surprise.
4. If the prevailing rent or value of any goods regularly leased in any established market is in issue, reports in official publications or trade journals or in newspapers or periodicals of general circulation published as the reports of that market are admissible in evidence. The circumstances of the preparation of the report may be shown to affect its weight but not its admissibility.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §59
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13508 - Lessee’s remedies.

554.13508 Lessee’s remedies.
1. If a lessor fails to deliver the goods in conformity to the lease contract (section 554.13509) or repudiates the lease contract (section 554.13402), or a lessee rightfully rejects the goods (section 554.13509) or justifiably revokes acceptance of the goods (section 554.13517), then with respect to any goods involved, and with respect to all of the goods if under an installment lease contract the value of the whole lease contract is substantially impaired (section 554.13510), the lessor is in default under the lease contract and the lessee may:
a. cancel the lease contract (section 554.13505, subsection 1);
b. recover so much of the rent and security as has been paid and is just under the circumstances;
c. cover and recover damages as to all goods affected whether or not they have been identified to the lease contract (sections 554.13518 and 554.13520), or recover damages for nondelivery (sections 554.13519 and 554.13520);
d. exercise any other rights or pursue any other remedies provided in the lease contract.
2. If a lessor fails to deliver the goods in conformity to the lease contract or repudiates the lease contract, the lessee may also:
a. if the goods have been identified, recover them (section 554.13522); or
b. in a proper case, obtain specific performance or replevy the goods (section 554.13521).
3. If a lessor is otherwise in default under a lease contract, the lessee may exercise the rights and pursue the remedies provided in the lease contract, which may include a right to cancel the lease, and in section 554.13519, subsection 3.
4. If a lessor has breached a warranty, whether express or implied, the lessee may recover damages (section 554.13519, subsection 4).
5. On rightful rejection or justifiable revocation of acceptance, a lessee has a security interest in goods in the lessee’s possession or control for any rent and security that has been paid and any expenses reasonably incurred in their inspection, receipt, transportation, and care and custody and may hold those goods and dispose of them in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner, subject to section 554.13527, subsection 5.
6. Subject to the provisions of section 554.13407, a lessee, on notifying the lessor of the lessee’s intention to do so, may deduct all or any part of the damages resulting from any default under the lease contract from any part of the rent still due under the same lease contract.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §60
Referred to in §554.9102, 554.9109, 554.9110, 554.9309, 554.9325, 554.13511, 554.13512, 554.13518, 554.13527
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13509 - Lessee’s rights on improper delivery — rightful rejection.

554.13509 Lessee’s rights on improper delivery — rightful rejection.
1. Subject to the provisions of section 554.13510 on default in installment lease contracts, if the goods or the tender or delivery fail in any respect to conform to the lease contract, the lessee may reject or accept the goods or accept any commercial unit or units and reject the rest of the goods.
2. Rejection of goods is ineffective unless it is within a reasonable time after tender or delivery of the goods and the lessee seasonably notifies the lessor.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §61
Referred to in §554.13508, 554.13515
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13510 - Installment lease contracts — rejection and default.

554.13510 Installment lease contracts — rejection and default.
1. Under an installment lease contract a lessee may reject any delivery that is nonconforming if the nonconformity substantially impairs the value of that delivery and cannot be cured or the nonconformity is a defect in the required documents; but if the nonconformity does not fall within subsection 2 and the lessor or the supplier gives adequate assurance of its cure, the lessee must accept that delivery.
2. Whenever nonconformity or default with respect to one or more deliveries substantially impairs the value of the installment lease contract as a whole there is a default with respect to the whole. But, the aggrieved party reinstates the installment lease contract as a whole if the aggrieved party accepts a nonconforming delivery without seasonably notifying of cancellation or brings an action with respect only to past deliveries or demands performance as to future deliveries.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §62
Referred to in §554.13406, 554.13508, 554.13509, 554.13523
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13511 - Merchant lessee’s duties as to rightfully rejected goods.

554.13511 Merchant lessee’s duties as to rightfully rejected goods.
1. Subject to any security interest of a lessee (section 554.13508, subsection 5), if a lessor or a supplier has no agent or place of business at the market of rejection, a merchant lessee, after rejection of goods in the merchant lessee’s possession or control, shall follow any reasonable instructions received from the lessor or the supplier with respect to the goods. In the absence of those instructions, a merchant lessee shall make reasonable efforts to sell, lease, or otherwise dispose of the goods for the lessor’s or supplier’s account if they threaten to decline in value speedily. Instructions are not reasonable if on demand indemnity for expenses is not forthcoming.
2. If a merchant lessee (subsection 1) or any other lessee (section 554.13512) disposes of goods, the lessee is entitled to reimbursement either from the lessor or the supplier or out of the proceeds for reasonable expenses of caring for and disposing of the goods and, if the expenses include no disposition commission, to such commission as is usual in the trade, or if there is none, to a reasonable sum not exceeding ten percent of the gross proceeds.
3. In complying with this section or section 554.13512, the lessee is held only to good faith. Good faith conduct hereunder is neither acceptance or conversion nor the basis of an action for damages.
4. A purchaser who purchases in good faith from a lessee pursuant to this section or section 554.13512 takes the goods free of any rights of the lessor and the supplier even though the lessee fails to comply with one or more of the requirements of this Article.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §63
Referred to in §554.13305, 554.13512
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13512 - Lessee’s duties as to rightfully rejected goods.

554.13512 Lessee’s duties as to rightfully rejected goods.
1. Except as otherwise provided with respect to goods that threaten to decline in value speedily (section 554.13511) and subject to any security interest of a lessee (section 554.13508, subsection 5):
a. the lessee, after rejection of goods in the lessee’s possession, shall hold them with reasonable care at the lessor’s or the supplier’s disposition for a reasonable time after the lessee’s seasonable notification of rejection;
b. if the lessor or the supplier gives no instructions within a reasonable time after notification of rejection, the lessee may store the rejected goods for the lessor’s or the supplier’s account or ship them to the lessor or the supplier or dispose of them for the lessor’s or the supplier’s account with reimbursement in the manner provided in section 554.13511; but
c. the lessee has no further obligations with regard to goods rightfully rejected.
2. Action by the lessee pursuant to subsection 1 is not acceptance or conversion.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §64
Referred to in §554.13511
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13513 - Cure by lessor of improper tender or delivery — replacement.

554.13513 Cure by lessor of improper tender or delivery — replacement.
1. If any tender or delivery by the lessor or the supplier is rejected because nonconforming and the time for performance has not yet expired, the lessor or the supplier may seasonably notify the lessee of the lessor’s or the supplier’s intention to cure and may then make a conforming delivery within the time provided in the lease contract.
2. If the lessee rejects a nonconforming tender that the lessor or the supplier had reasonable grounds to believe would be acceptable with or without money allowance, the lessor or the supplier may have a further reasonable time to substitute a conforming tender if the lessor or supplier seasonably notifies the lessee.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §65
Referred to in §554.13514
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13514 - Waiver of lessee’s objections.

554.13514 Waiver of lessee’s objections.
1. In rejecting goods, a lessee’s failure to state a particular defect that is ascertainable by reasonable inspection precludes the lessee from relying on the defect to justify rejection or to establish default:
a. if, stated seasonably, the lessor or the supplier could have cured it (section 554.13513); or
b. between merchants if the lessor or the supplier after rejection has made a request in writing for a full and final written statement of all defects on which the lessee proposes to rely.
2. A lessee’s failure to reserve rights when paying rent or other consideration against documents precludes recovery of the payment for defects apparent in the documents.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §66; 2007 Acts, ch 30, §45, 46, 78
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13515 - Acceptance of goods.

554.13515 Acceptance of goods.
1. Acceptance of goods occurs after the lessee has had a reasonable opportunity to inspect the goods and
a. the lessee signifies or acts with respect to the goods in a manner that signifies to the lessor or the supplier that the goods are conforming or that the lessee will take or retain them in spite of their nonconformity; or
b. the lessee fails to make an effective rejection of the goods (section 554.13509, subsection 2).
2. Acceptance of a part of any commercial unit is acceptance of that entire unit.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §67
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13516 - Effect of acceptance of goods — notice of default — burden of establishing default after acceptance — notice of claim or litigation to person answerable over.

554.13516 Effect of acceptance of goods — notice of default — burden of establishing default after acceptance — notice of claim or litigation to person answerable over.
1. A lessee must pay rent for any goods accepted in accordance with the lease contract, with due allowance for goods rightfully rejected or not delivered.
2. A lessee’s acceptance of goods precludes rejection of the goods accepted. In the case of a finance lease, if made with knowledge of a nonconformity, acceptance cannot be revoked because of it. In any other case, if made with knowledge of a nonconformity, acceptance cannot be revoked because of it unless the acceptance was on the reasonable assumption that the nonconformity would be seasonably cured. Acceptance does not of itself impair any other remedy provided by this Article or the lease agreement for nonconformity.
3. If a tender has been accepted:
a. within a reasonable time after the lessee discovers or should have discovered any default, the lessee shall notify the lessor and the supplier, if any, or be barred from any remedy against the party not notified;
b. except in the case of a consumer lease, within a reasonable time after the lessee receives notice of litigation for infringement or the like (section 554.13211) the lessee shall notify the lessor or be barred from any remedy over for liability established by the litigation; and
c. the burden is on the lessee to establish any default.
4. If a lessee is sued for breach of a warranty or other obligation for which a lessor or a supplier is answerable over the following apply:
a. The lessee may give the lessor or the supplier, or both, written notice of the litigation. If the notice states that the person notified may come in and defend and that if the person notified does not do so that person will be bound in any action against that person by the lessee by any determination of fact common to the two litigations, then unless the person notified after seasonable receipt of the notice does come in and defend that person is so bound.
b. The lessor or the supplier may demand in writing that the lessee turn over control of the litigation including settlement if the claim is one for infringement or the like (section 554.13211) or else be barred from any remedy over. If the demand states that the lessor or the supplier agrees to bear all expense and to satisfy any adverse judgment, then unless the lessee after seasonable receipt of the demand does turn over control the lessee is so barred.
5. Subsections 3 and 4 apply to any obligation of a lessee to hold the lessor or the supplier harmless against infringement or the like (section 554.13211).
94 Acts, ch 1052, §68
Referred to in §554.13519
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13517 - Revocation of acceptance of goods.

554.13517 Revocation of acceptance of goods.
1. A lessee may revoke acceptance of a lot or commercial unit whose nonconformity substantially impairs its value to the lessee if the lessee has accepted it:
a. except in the case of a finance lease, on the reasonable assumption that its nonconformity would be cured and it has not been seasonably cured; or
b. without discovery of the nonconformity if the lessee’s acceptance was reasonably induced either by the lessor’s assurances or, except in the case of a finance lease, by the difficulty of discovery before acceptance.
2. Except in the case of a finance lease that is not a consumer lease, a lessee may revoke acceptance of a lot or commercial unit if the lessor defaults under the lease contract and the default substantially impairs the value of that lot or commercial unit to the lessee.
3. If the lease agreement so provides, the lessee may revoke acceptance of a lot or commercial unit because of other defaults by the lessor.
4. Revocation of acceptance must occur within a reasonable time after the lessee discovers or should have discovered the ground for it and before any substantial change in condition of the goods which is not caused by the nonconformity. Revocation is not effective until the lessee notifies the lessor.
5. A lessee who so revokes has the same rights and duties with regard to the goods involved as if the lessee had rejected them.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §69
Referred to in §554.13508
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13518 - Cover — substitute goods.

554.13518 Cover — substitute goods.
1. After a default by a lessor under the lease contract of the type described in section 554.13508, subsection 1, or, if agreed, after other default by the lessor, the lessee may cover by making any purchase or lease of or contract to purchase or lease goods in substitution for those due from the lessor.
2. Except as otherwise provided with respect to damages liquidated in the lease agreement (section 554.13504) or otherwise determined pursuant to agreement of the parties (sections 554.1302 and 554.13503), if a lessee’s cover is by a lease agreement substantially similar to the original lease agreement and the new lease agreement is made in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner, the lessee may recover from the lessor as damages the present value, as of the date of the commencement of the term of the new lease agreement, of the rent under the new lease agreement applicable to that period of the new lease term which is comparable to the then remaining term of the original lease agreement minus the present value as of the same date of the total rent for the then remaining lease term of the original lease agreement, and any incidental or consequential damages, less expenses saved in consequence of the lessor’s default.
3. If a lessee’s cover is by lease agreement that for any reason does not qualify for treatment under subsection 2, or is by purchase or otherwise, the lessee may recover from the lessor as if the lessee had elected not to cover and section 554.13519 governs.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §70; 2007 Acts, ch 41, §36; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §261
Referred to in §554.13508, 554.13519
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13519 - Lessee’s damages for nondelivery, repudiation, default, and breach of warranty in regard to accepted goods.

554.13519 Lessee’s damages for nondelivery, repudiation, default, and breach of warranty in regard to accepted goods.
1. Except as otherwise provided with respect to damages liquidated in the lease agreement (section 554.13504) or otherwise determined pursuant to agreement of the parties (sections 554.1302 and 554.13503), if a lessee elects not to cover or a lessee elects to cover and the cover is by lease agreement that for any reason does not qualify for treatment under section 554.13518, subsection 2, or is by purchase or otherwise, the measure of damages for nondelivery or repudiation by the lessor or for rejection or revocation of acceptance by the lessee is the present value, as of the date of the default, of the then market rent minus the present value as of the same date of the original rent, computed for the remaining lease term of the original lease agreement, together with incidental and consequential damages, less expenses saved in consequence of the lessor’s default.
2. Market rent is to be determined as of the place for tender or, in cases of rejection after arrival or revocation of acceptance, as of the place of arrival.
3. Except as otherwise agreed, if the lessee has accepted goods and given notification (section 554.13516, subsection 3), the measure of damages for nonconforming tender or delivery or other default by a lessor is the loss resulting in the ordinary course of events from the lessor’s default as determined in any manner that is reasonable together with incidental and consequential damages, less expenses saved in consequence of the lessor’s default.
4. Except as otherwise agreed, the measure of damages for breach of warranty is the present value at the time and place of acceptance of the difference between the value of the use of the goods accepted and the value if they had been as warranted for the lease term, unless special circumstances show proximate damages of a different amount, together with incidental and consequential damages, less expenses saved in consequence of the lessor’s default or breach of warranty.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §71; 2007 Acts, ch 41, §37
Referred to in §554.13507, 554.13508, 554.13518
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13520 - Lessee’s incidental and consequential damages.

554.13520 Lessee’s incidental and consequential damages.
1. Incidental damages resulting from a lessor’s default include expenses reasonably incurred in inspection, receipt, transportation, and care and custody of goods rightfully rejected or goods the acceptance of which is justifiably revoked, any commercially reasonable charges, expenses or commissions in connection with effecting cover, and any other reasonable expense incident to the default.
2. Consequential damages resulting from a lessor’s default include:
a. any loss resulting from general or particular requirements and needs of which the lessor at the time of contracting had reason to know and which could not reasonably be prevented by cover or otherwise; and
b. injury to person or property proximately resulting from any breach of warranty.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §72
Referred to in §554.13508
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13521 - Lessee’s right to specific performance or replevin.

554.13521 Lessee’s right to specific performance or replevin.
1. Specific performance may be decreed if the goods are unique or in other proper circumstances.
2. A decree for specific performance may include any terms and conditions as to payment of the rent, damages, or other relief that the court deems just.
3. A lessee has a right of replevin, detinue, sequestration, claim and delivery, or the like for goods identified to the lease contract if after reasonable effort the lessee is unable to effect cover for those goods or the circumstances reasonably indicate that the effort will be unavailing.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §73
Referred to in §554.13508
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13522 - Lessee’s right to goods on lessor’s insolvency.

554.13522 Lessee’s right to goods on lessor’s insolvency.
1. Subject to subsection 2 and even though the goods have not been shipped, a lessee who has paid a part or all of the rent and security for goods identified to a lease contract (section 554.13217) on making and keeping good a tender of any unpaid portion of the rent and security due under the lease contract may recover the goods identified from the lessor if the lessor becomes insolvent within ten days after receipt of the first installment of rent and security.
2. A lessee acquires the right to recover goods identified to a lease contract only if they conform to the lease contract.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §74
Referred to in §554.13508
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13523 - Lessor’s remedies.

554.13523 Lessor’s remedies.
1. If a lessee wrongfully rejects or revokes acceptance of goods or fails to make a payment when due or repudiates with respect to a part or the whole, then, with respect to any goods involved, and with respect to all of the goods if under an installment lease contract the value of the whole lease contract is substantially impaired (section 554.13510), the lessee is in default under the lease contract and the lessor may:
a. cancel the lease contract (section 554.13505, subsection 1);
b. proceed respecting goods not identified to the lease contract (section 554.13524);
c. withhold delivery of the goods and take possession of goods previously delivered (section 554.13525);
d. stop delivery of the goods by any bailee (section 554.13526);
e. dispose of the goods and recover damages (section 554.13527), or retain the goods and recover damages (section 554.13528), or in a proper case recover rent (section 554.13529);
f. exercise any other rights or pursue any other remedies provided in the lease contract.
2. If a lessor does not fully exercise a right or obtain a remedy to which the lessor is entitled under subsection 1, the lessor may recover the loss resulting in the ordinary course of events from the lessee’s default as determined in any reasonable manner, together with incidental damages, less expenses saved in consequence of the lessee’s default.
3. If a lessee is otherwise in default under a lease contract, the lessor may exercise the rights and pursue the remedies provided in the lease contract, which may include a right to cancel the lease. In addition, unless otherwise provided in the lease contract:
a. if the default substantially impairs the value of the lease contract to the lessor, the lessor may exercise the rights and pursue the remedies provided in subsection 1 or 2; or
b. if the default does not substantially impair the value of the lease contract to the lessor, the lessor may recover as provided in subsection 2.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §75
Referred to in §554.13524, 554.13525, 554.13527, 554.13528, 554.13529
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13524 - Lessor’s right to identify goods to lease contract.

554.13524 Lessor’s right to identify goods to lease contract.
1. After default by the lessee under the lease contract of the type described in section 554.13523, subsection 1, or section 554.13523, subsection 3, paragraph “a” or, if agreed, after other default by the lessee, the lessor may:
a. identify to the lease contract conforming goods not already identified if at the time the lessor learned of the default they were in the lessor’s or the supplier’s possession or control; and
b. dispose of goods (section 554.13527, subsection 1) that demonstrably have been intended for the particular lease contract even though those goods are unfinished.
2. If the goods are unfinished, in the exercise of reasonable commercial judgment for the purposes of avoiding loss and of effective realization, an aggrieved lessor or the supplier may either complete manufacture and wholly identify the goods to the lease contract or cease manufacture and lease, sell, or otherwise dispose of the goods for scrap or salvage value or proceed in any other reasonable manner.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §76
Referred to in §554.13402, 554.13523
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13525 - Lessor’s right to possession of goods.

554.13525 Lessor’s right to possession of goods.
1. If a lessor discovers the lessee to be insolvent, the lessor may refuse to deliver the goods.
2. After a default by the lessee under the lease contract of the type described in section 554.13523, subsection 1, or section 554.13523, subsection 3, paragraph “a” or, if agreed, after other default by the lessee, the lessor has the right to take possession of the goods. If the lease contract so provides, the lessor may require the lessee to assemble the goods and make them available to the lessor at a place to be designated by the lessor which is reasonably convenient to both parties. Without removal, the lessor may render unusable any goods employed in trade or business, and may dispose of goods on the lessee’s premises (section 554.13527).
3. The lessor may proceed under subsection 2 without judicial process if it can be done without breach of the peace or the lessor may proceed by action.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §77
Referred to in §554.13504, 554.13523, 554.13527
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13526 - Lessor’s stoppage of delivery in transit or otherwise.

554.13526 Lessor’s stoppage of delivery in transit or otherwise.
1. A lessor may stop delivery of goods in the possession of a carrier or other bailee if the lessor discovers the lessee to be insolvent and may stop delivery of carload, truckload, planeload, or larger shipments of express or freight if the lessee repudiates or fails to make a payment due before delivery, whether for rent, security or otherwise under the lease contract, or for any other reason the lessor has a right to withhold or take possession of the goods.
2. In pursuing its remedies under subsection 1, the lessor may stop delivery until
a. receipt of the goods by the lessee;
b. acknowledgment to the lessee by any bailee of the goods, except a carrier, that the bailee holds the goods for the lessee; or
c. such an acknowledgment to the lessee by a carrier via reshipment or as a warehouse.
3. a. To stop delivery, a lessor shall so notify as to enable the bailee by reasonable diligence to prevent delivery of the goods.
b. After notification, the bailee shall hold and deliver the goods according to the directions of the lessor, but the lessor is liable to the bailee for any ensuing charges or damages.
c. A carrier who has issued a nonnegotiable bill of lading is not obliged to obey a notification to stop received from a person other than the consignor.
94 Acts, ch 1052, §78; 2007 Acts, ch 30, §45, 46, 79
Referred to in §554.7403, 554.7504, 554.13504, 554.13523, 554.13527
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.13527 - Lessor’s rights to dispose of goods.

554.13527 Lessor’s rights to dispose of goods.
1. After a default by a lessee under the lease contract of the type described in section 554.13523, subsection 1, or section 554.13523, subsection 3, paragraph “a”, or after the lessor refuses to deliver or takes possession of goods (section 554.13525 or 554.13526), or, if agreed, after other default by a lessee, the lessor may dispose of the goods concerned or the undelivered balance thereof by lease, sale, or otherwise.
2. Except as otherwise provided with respect to damages liquidated in the lease agreement (section 554.13504) or otherwise determined pursuant to agreement of the parties (sections 554.1302 and 554.13503), if the disposition is by lease agreement substantially similar to the original lease agreement and the new lease agreement is made in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner, the lessor may recover from the lessee as damages accrued and unpaid rent as of the date of the commencement of the term of the new lease agreement; the present value, as of the same date, of the total rent for the remaining lease term of the original lease agreement minus the present value, as of the same date, of the rent under the new lease agreement applicable to that period of the new lease term which is comparable to the then remaining term of the original lease agreement; and any incidental damages allowed under section 554.13530, less expenses saved in consequence of the lessee’s default.
3. If the lessor’s disposition is by lease agreement that for any reason does not qualify for treatment under subsection 2, or is by sale or otherwise, the lessor may recover from the lessee as if the lessor had elected not to dispose of the goods and section 554.13528 governs.
4. A subsequent buyer or lessee who buys or leases from the lessor in good faith for value as a result of a disposition under this section takes the goods free of the original lease contract and any rights of the original lessee even though the lessor fails to comply with one or more of the requirements of this Article.
5. The lessor is not accountable to the lessee for any profit made on any disposition. A lessee who has rightfully rejected or justifiably revoked acceptance shall account to the lessor for any excess over the amount of the lessee’s security interest (section 554.13508, subsection 5).
94 Acts, ch 1052, §79; 2007 Acts, ch 41, §38; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §156
Referred to in §554.13304, 554.13508, 554.13523, 554.13524, 554.13525, 554.13528, 554.13529