reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.297 - Driving on right-hand side of roadway — exceptions.

321.297 Driving on right-hand side of roadway — exceptions.
1. A vehicle shall be driven upon the right half of the roadway upon all roadways of sufficient width, except as follows:
a. When overtaking and passing another vehicle proceeding in the same direction under the rules governing such movement.
b. When an obstruction exists making it necessary to drive to the left of the center of the roadway, provided, any person so doing shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles traveling in the proper direction upon the unobstructed portion of the roadway within such distance as to constitute an immediate hazard.
c. Upon a roadway divided into three marked lanes for traffic under the rules applicable thereon.
d. Upon a roadway restricted to one-way traffic.
2. Any vehicle proceeding at less than the normal speed of traffic at the time and place and under the conditions then existing shall be driven in the right-hand lane then available for traffic upon all roadways, or as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway, except when overtaking and passing another vehicle proceeding in the same direction or when preparing for a left turn at an intersection, an alley, private road or driveway.
3. A vehicle shall not be driven upon any roadway having four or more lanes for moving traffic and providing for two-way movement of traffic, to the left of the center line of the roadway, except when authorized by official traffic-control devices designating certain lanes to the left side of the center of the roadway for use by traffic not otherwise permitted to use such lanes, or except as permitted under subsection 1, paragraph “b”. This subsection shall not be construed as prohibiting the crossing of the center line in making a left turn into or from an alley, private road, or driveway.
[S13, §1571-m18; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5019; C39, §5024.01; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.297]
Referred to in §321.233, 321.298, 321.482A, 805.8A(6)(e)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 6
Additional penalties for violations causing serious injury or death, see §321.482A
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.298 - Meeting and turning to right.

321.298 Meeting and turning to right.
Except as otherwise provided in section 321.297, vehicles or persons on horseback meeting each other on any roadway shall yield one-half of the roadway by turning to the right.
[R60, §908; C73, §1000; C97, §1569; S13, §1569; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5020; C39, §5024.02; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.298]
Referred to in §321.233, 321.482A, 805.8A(7)(b)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 7
Additional penalties for violations causing serious injury or death, see §321.482A
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.299 - Overtaking a vehicle.

321.299 Overtaking a vehicle.
The following rules shall govern the overtaking and passing of vehicles proceeding in the same direction, subject to those limitations, exceptions, and special rules hereinafter stated:
1. The driver of a vehicle overtaking another vehicle proceeding in the same direction shall pass to the left of the other vehicle at a safe distance and shall not again drive to the right side of the roadway until safely clear of the overtaken vehicle.
2. Except when overtaking and passing on the right is permitted, the driver of an overtaken vehicle shall give way to the right in favor of the overtaking vehicle and shall not increase the speed of the overtaken vehicle until completely passed by the overtaking vehicle.
[S13, §1569, 1571-m18; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5021, 5022; C39, §5024.03; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.299]
89 Acts, ch 296, §34; 2010 Acts, ch 1061, §115
Referred to in §321.482A, 805.8A(6)(f)
Passing on right, §321.302
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 6
Additional penalties for violations causing serious injury or death, see §321.482A
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.302 - Overtaking and passing.

321.302 Overtaking and passing.
1. Unless otherwise prohibited by law, the driver of a vehicle on a roadway with unobstructed pavement of sufficient width for two or more lines of traffic moving in the same direction as the vehicle being passed may overtake and pass upon the right of another vehicle which is making or about to make a left turn when such movement can be made in safety.
2. Unless otherwise prohibited by law, the driver of a vehicle may overtake and, allowing sufficient clearance, pass another vehicle proceeding in the same direction either upon the left or upon the right on a roadway with unobstructed pavement of sufficient width for four or more lines of moving traffic when such movement can be made in safety.
3. The driver of a vehicle shall not drive off the pavement or upon the shoulder of the roadway or upon the apron or roadway of an intersecting roadway in overtaking or passing on the right or the left.
4. A person convicted of a violation of this section is guilty of a simple misdemeanor punishable as a scheduled violation under section 805.8A, subsection 6.
[C39, §5024.06; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.302]
2000 Acts, ch 1203, §12; 2001 Acts, ch 137, §5; 2003 Acts, ch 6, §2; 2010 Acts, ch 1190, §47
Referred to in §321.482A, 805.8A(6)(g)
Additional penalties for violations causing serious injury or death, see §321.482A
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.303 - Limitations on overtaking on the left.

321.303 Limitations on overtaking on the left.
A vehicle shall not be driven to the left side of the center of the roadway in overtaking and passing another vehicle proceeding in the same direction unless the left side is clearly visible and is free of oncoming traffic for a sufficient distance ahead to permit the overtaking and passing to be completely made without interfering with the safe operation of a vehicle approaching from the opposite direction or a vehicle overtaken. The overtaking vehicle shall return to the right-hand side of the roadway before coming within three hundred feet of a vehicle approaching from the opposite direction when traveling on a roadway having a legal speed limit in excess of thirty miles per hour, and the overtaking vehicle shall return to the right-hand side of the roadway before coming within one hundred feet of a vehicle approaching from the opposite direction when traveling on a roadway having a legal speed limit of thirty miles per hour or less.
[C39, §5024.07; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.303]
83 Acts, ch 125, §4
Referred to in §321.482A, 805.8A(6)(h)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 6
Additional penalties for violations causing serious injury or death, see §321.482A
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.304 - Prohibited passing.

321.304 Prohibited passing.
No vehicle shall, in overtaking and passing another vehicle or at any other time, be driven to the left side of the roadway under the following conditions:
1. When approaching the crest of a grade or upon a curve in the highway where the driver’s view along the highway is obstructed for a distance of approximately seven hundred feet.
2. When approaching within one hundred feet of any narrow bridge, viaduct, or tunnel, when so signposted, or when approaching within one hundred feet of or traversing any intersection or railroad grade crossing.
3. Where official signs are in place directing that traffic keep to the right or a distinctive center line or off-center line is marked, which distinctive line also so directs traffic as declared in the sign manual adopted by the department of transportation.
[C35, §5024-e1; C39, §5024.08; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.304]
Referred to in §321.482A, 805.8A(6)(i), 805.8A(8)(e)
For applicable scheduled fines, see §805.8A, subsections 6 and 8
Additional penalties for violations causing serious injury or death, see §321.482A
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.305 - One-way roadways and rotary traffic islands.

321.305 One-way roadways and rotary traffic islands.
1. Upon a roadway designated and signposted for one-way traffic a vehicle shall be driven only in the direction designated.
2. A vehicle passing around a rotary traffic island shall be driven only to the right of such island.
[C39, §5024.09; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.305]
Referred to in §321.482A, 805.8A(6)(j)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 6
Additional penalties for violations causing serious injury or death, see §321.482A
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.306 - Roadways laned for traffic.

321.306 Roadways laned for traffic.
Whenever any roadway has been divided into three or more clearly marked lanes for traffic the following rules in addition to all others consistent herewith shall apply:
1. A vehicle shall be driven as nearly as practical entirely within a single lane and shall not be moved from such lane until the driver has first ascertained that such movement can be made with safety.
2. If a roadway is divided into three lanes, a vehicle shall not be driven in the center lane except as follows:
a. When overtaking and passing another vehicle where the roadway is clearly visible and such center lane is clear of traffic within a safe distance.
b. In preparation for a left turn or where such center lane is at the time allocated exclusively to traffic moving in the direction the vehicle is proceeding and is signposted to give notice of such allocation.
3. Official signs may be erected directing slow-moving traffic to use a designated lane or allocating specified lanes to traffic moving in the same direction and drivers of vehicles shall obey the directions of every such sign.
4. Vehicles moving in a lane designated for slow-moving traffic shall yield the right-of-way to vehicles moving in the same direction in a lane not so designated when such lanes merge to form a single lane.
5. A portion of a highway provided with a lane for slow-moving vehicles does not become a roadway marked for three lanes of traffic.
[C39, §5024.10; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.306]
2010 Acts, ch 1069, §94
Referred to in §321.208, 321.482A, 805.8A(6)(k)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 6
Additional penalties for violations causing serious injury or death, see §321.482A
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.307 - Following too closely.

321.307 Following too closely.
The driver of a motor vehicle shall not follow another vehicle more closely than is reasonable and prudent, having due regard for the speed of such vehicles and the traffic upon and the condition of the highway.
[C39, §5024.11; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.307]
Referred to in §321.482A, 805.8A(7)(c)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 7
Additional penalties for violations causing serious injury or death, see §321.482A
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.309 - Towing.

321.309 Towing.
A person shall not pull or tow by motor vehicle, for hire, another motor vehicle over any highway outside the limits of any incorporated city, except in case of temporary movement of a disabled motor vehicle to the place where repairs will be made, unless the person has complied with the provisions of sections 321.57 and 321.58. Provided, however, if the person is a nonresident of the state of Iowa and has complied with the laws of the state of that person’s residence governing licensing and registration as a transporter of motor vehicles, the person shall not be required to pay the fee provided in section 321.58 but only to submit proof of the person’s status as a bona fide manufacturer or transporter as may reasonably be required by the department.
[C31, 35, §5067-d9; C39, §5024.13; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.309]
83 Acts, ch 101, §69; 97 Acts, ch 108, §16; 2019 Acts, ch 79, §1
Referred to in §805.8A(12)(a)
For applicable scheduled fines, see §805.8A, subsection 12, paragraph a
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.310 - Towing four-wheeled trailers.

321.310 Towing four-wheeled trailers.
1. A motor vehicle shall not tow a four-wheeled trailer with a steering axle, or more than one trailer or semitrailer, or both in combination. However, this section does not apply to a motor home, motorsports recreational vehicle, multipurpose vehicle, motor truck, truck tractor or road tractor nor to a farm tractor towing a four-wheeled trailer, nor to a farm tractor or motor vehicle towing implements of husbandry, nor to a wagon box trailer used by a farmer in transporting produce, farm products, or supplies hauled to and from market.
2. Any four-wheeled trailer towed by a truck tractor or road tractor shall be registered under the semitrailer provisions of section 321.123; provided that the provisions of this subsection shall not apply to motor vehicles drawing wagon box trailers used by a farmer in transporting produce, farm products, or supplies hauled to and from market, or to a four-wheeled trailer towed by a motorsports recreational vehicle.
[C39, §5024.14; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.310]
84 Acts, ch 1226, §1; 2014 Acts, ch 1127, §10
Referred to in §805.8A(12)(a)
For applicable scheduled fines, see §805.8A, subsection 12, paragraph a
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.311 - Turning at intersections.

321.311 Turning at intersections.
1. The driver of a vehicle intending to turn at an intersection shall do so as follows:
a. Both the approach for a right turn and right turn shall be made as close as practical to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway.
b. Approach for a left turn shall be made in that portion of the right half of the roadway nearest the center line thereof and after entering the intersection the left turn shall be made so as to depart from the intersection to the right of the center line of the roadway being entered.
c. Approach for a left turn from a two-way street into a one-way street shall be made in that portion of the right half of the roadway nearest the center line thereof and by passing to the right of such center line where it enters the intersection. A left turn from a one-way street into two-way street shall be made by passing to the right of the center line of the street being entered upon leaving the intersection.
2. Local authorities in their respective jurisdictions may cause markers, buttons, or signs to be placed within or adjacent to intersections and thereby require and direct that a different course from that specified in this section be traveled by vehicles turning at an intersection, and when markers, buttons, or signs are so placed no driver of a vehicle shall turn a vehicle at an intersection other than as directed and required by such markers, buttons, or signs.
[S13, §1571-m18; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5033; C39, §5025.01; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.311]
Referred to in §321.354, 321.482A, 805.8A(6)(l)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 6
Additional penalties for violations causing serious injury or death, see §321.482A
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.312 - Turning on curve or crest of grade.

321.312 Turning on curve or crest of grade.
No vehicle shall be turned so as to proceed in the opposite direction upon any curve, or upon the approach to, or near the crest of a grade or hill, where such vehicle cannot be seen by the driver of any other vehicle approaching from either direction within five hundred feet.
[C39, §5025.02; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.312]
Referred to in §805.8A(6)(m)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 6
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.313 - Starting parked vehicle.

321.313 Starting parked vehicle.
No person shall start a vehicle which is stopped, standing, or parked unless and until such movement can be made with reasonable safety.
[C39, §5025.03; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.313]
Referred to in §805.8A(7)(d)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 7
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.314 - When signal required.

321.314 When signal required.
No person shall turn a vehicle from a direct course upon a highway unless and until such movement can be made with reasonable safety and then only after giving a clearly audible signal by sounding the horn if any pedestrian may be affected by such movement or after giving an appropriate signal in the manner provided in sections 321.315 through 321.318 in the event any other vehicle may be affected by such movement.
[S13, §1571-m18; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5032; C39, §5025.04; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.314]
2021 Acts, ch 80, §171
Referred to in §321.316, 805.8A(6)(n)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 6
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.315 - Signal continuous.

321.315 Signal continuous.
A signal of intention to turn right or left shall be given continuously during not less than the last one hundred feet traveled by the vehicle before turning when the speed limit is forty-five miles per hour or less and a continuous signal during not less than the last three hundred feet when the speed limit is in excess of forty-five miles per hour.
[C39, §5025.05; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.315]
Referred to in §321.314, 321.316, 805.8A(6)(o)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 6
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.316 - Stopping.

321.316 Stopping.
A person shall not stop or suddenly decrease the speed of a vehicle without first giving an appropriate signal in the manner provided in sections 321.314, 321.315, 321.317, and 321.318 to the driver of any vehicle immediately to the rear when there is opportunity to give such signal.
[S13, §1571-m18; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5032; C39, §5025.06; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.316]
2021 Acts, ch 80, §172
Referred to in §321.314, 805.8A(6)(p)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 6
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.317 - Signals by hand and arm or signal device.

321.317 Signals by hand and arm or signal device.
1. The signals required under the provisions of this chapter may be given either by means of the hand and arm as provided in section 321.318, or by a mechanical or electrical directional signal device or light conforming to the provisions of this chapter.
2. Directional signal devices shall be designed with a white, yellow or amber lamp or lamps to be displayed on the front of vehicles and with a lamp or lamps of red, yellow or amber to be displayed on the rear of vehicles. Such devices shall be capable of clearly indicating any intention to turn either to the right or to the left and shall be visible and understandable during both daylight and darkness from a distance of at least one hundred feet from the front and rear of a vehicle equipped therewith.
3. It is unlawful for any person to sell or offer for sale or operate on the highways of the state any vehicle subject to registration under the provisions of this chapter which has never been registered in this or any other state prior to January 1, 1954, unless the vehicle is equipped with a directional signal device of a type in compliance with the provisions of subsection 2. Motorcycles, motorized bicycles, and semitrailers and trailers less than forty inches in width are exempt from the provisions of this section.
4. When a vehicle is equipped with a directional signal device, such device shall at all times be maintained in good working condition. No directional signal device shall project a glaring or dazzling light. All directional signal devices shall be self-illuminated when in use while other lamps on the vehicle are lighted.
5. Whenever any vehicle or combination of vehicles is disabled or for other reason may present a vehicular traffic hazard requiring unusual care in approaching, overtaking or passing, the operator then may display on the vehicle or combination of vehicles four directional signals of a type complying with the provisions of this section relating to directional signal devices in simultaneous operation.
[S13, §1571-m18; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5032; C39, §5025.07; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.317]
87 Acts, ch 170, §8; 97 Acts, ch 108, §17, 18
Referred to in §321.314, 321.316, 321.404A, 805.8A(3)(c)
For applicable scheduled fines, see §805.8A, subsection 3
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.318 - Method of giving hand and arm signals.

321.318 Method of giving hand and arm signals.
All signals required under this chapter which may be given by hand and arm shall when so given be given from the left side of the vehicle and the following manner and interpretation thereof is suggested:
1. Left turn — Hand and arm extended horizontally.
2. Right turn — Hand and arm extended upward.
3. Stop or decrease of speed — Hand and arm extended downward.
[C39, §5025.08; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.318]
2021 Acts, ch 80, §173
Referred to in §321.314, 321.316, 321.317, 805.8A(6)(q)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 6
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.319 - Entering intersections from different highways.

321.319 Entering intersections from different highways.
1. When two vehicles enter an intersection from different highways or public streets at approximately the same time, the driver of the vehicle on the left shall yield the right-of-way to the vehicle on the right.
2. The rule contained in subsection 1 is modified at through highways and as otherwise stated in this chapter.
[S13, §1571-m18; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5035; C39, §5026.01; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.319]
2019 Acts, ch 59, §93
Referred to in §321.482A, 805.8A(7)(e)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 7
Additional penalties for violations causing serious injury or death, see §321.482A
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.320 - Left turns — yielding.

321.320 Left turns — yielding.
The driver of a vehicle who intends to turn to the left within an intersection or into an alley, private road, or driveway shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles approaching from the opposite direction which are within the intersection or so close as to constitute an immediate hazard. The driver, after yielding and giving a signal as required by this chapter, may make the left turn.
[S13, §1571-m18; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5035; C39, §5026.02; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.320]
2022 Acts, ch 1021, §70
Referred to in §321.482A, 805.8A(7)(f)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 7
Additional penalties for violations causing serious injury or death, see §321.482A
Section amended
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.321 - Entering through highways.

321.321 Entering through highways.
The driver of a vehicle shall stop or yield as required by this chapter at the entrance to a through highway and shall yield the right-of-way to other vehicles which have entered the intersection from said through highway or which are approaching so closely on said through highway as to constitute a hazard, but said driver having so yielded may proceed cautiously and with due care enter said through highway.
[C27, §5079-b2, -b3; C31, 35, §5079-b2, -b3, -d2, -d3; C39, §5026.03; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.321]
Referred to in §321.482A, 805.8A(7)(g)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 7
Additional penalties for violations causing serious injury or death, see §321.482A
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.322 - Vehicles entering stop or yield intersection.

321.322 Vehicles entering stop or yield intersection.
1. The driver of a vehicle approaching a stop intersection indicated by a stop sign shall stop at the first opportunity at either the clearly marked stop line or before entering the crosswalk or before entering the intersection or at the point nearest the intersecting roadway where the driver has a view of approaching traffic on the intersecting roadway before entering the intersection. Before proceeding, the driver shall yield the right-of-way to any vehicle on the intersecting roadway which has entered the intersection or which is approaching so closely as to constitute an immediate hazard during the time the driver is moving across or within the intersection.
2. The driver of a vehicle approaching a yield sign shall slow to a speed reasonable for the existing conditions and, if required for safety, shall stop at the first opportunity at either the clearly marked stop line or before entering the crosswalk or before entering the intersection or at the point nearest the intersecting roadway where the driver has a view of approaching traffic on the intersecting roadway. After slowing or stopping, the driver shall yield the right-of-way to any vehicle on the intersecting roadway which has entered the intersection or which is approaching so closely as to constitute an immediate hazard during the time the driver is moving across or within the intersection.
[C27, §5079-b2, -b3; C31, 35, §5079-b2, -b3, -d2, -d3; C39, §5026.04; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.322]
Referred to in §321.482A, 805.8A(8)(f)
For applicable scheduled fines, see §805.8A, subsection 8
Additional penalties for violations causing serious injury or death, see §321.482A
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.323 - Moving vehicle backward on highway.

321.323 Moving vehicle backward on highway.
A person shall not cause a vehicle to be moved in a backward direction on a highway unless and until the vehicle can be backed with reasonable safety, and shall yield the right-of-way to any approaching vehicle on the highway or an intersecting highway which is so close as to constitute an immediate hazard.
[C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.323]
89 Acts, ch 296, §35
Referred to in §321.233, 321.482A, 805.8A(6)(r)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 6
Additional penalties for violations causing serious injury or death, see §321.482A
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.324 - Operation on approach of emergency vehicles.

321.324 Operation on approach of emergency vehicles.
1. For the purposes of this section, “red light” or “blue light” means a light or lighting device that, when illuminated, will exhibit a solid flashing or strobing red or blue light.
2. Upon the immediate approach of an authorized emergency vehicle with any lamp or device displaying a red light or red and blue lights, or an authorized emergency vehicle of a fire department displaying a blue light, or when the driver is giving audible signal by siren, exhaust whistle, or bell, the driver of every other vehicle shall yield the right-of-way and shall immediately drive to a position parallel to, and as close as possible to, the right-hand edge or curb of the highway clear of any intersection and shall stop and remain in such position until the authorized emergency vehicle has passed, except when otherwise directed by a police officer.
3. Upon the approach of an authorized emergency vehicle, as described in subsection 2, the driver of every streetcar shall immediately stop such car clear of any intersection and keep it in such position until the authorized emergency vehicle has passed, except when otherwise directed by a police officer.
4. This section shall not operate to relieve the driver of an authorized emergency vehicle from the duty to drive with due regard for the safety of all persons using the highway.
[C39, §5026.06; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.324]
2000 Acts, ch 1045, §1; 2010 Acts, ch 1069, §95
Referred to in §321.482A, 805.8A(11)(a)
See also §321.231
For applicable scheduled fines, see §805.8A, subsection 11
Additional penalties for violations causing serious injury or death, see §321.482A
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.324A - Funeral processions.

321.324A Funeral processions.
1. For purposes of this section, “funeral procession” means a procession of motor vehicles accompanying the body of a deceased person during daylight hours which is being escorted by a vehicle continually displaying its emergency signal lamps flashing simultaneously and using lighted headlamps and identifying flags, or an escort vehicle displaying a flashing or revolving red and amber light visible to pedestrians in all directions, and keeping all other motor vehicles with lighted headlamps in close formation.
2. Upon the immediate approach of a funeral procession, the driver of every other vehicle, except an authorized emergency vehicle, shall yield the right-of-way. An operator of a motor vehicle which is part of a funeral procession shall not be charged with violating traffic rules and regulations relating to traffic signals and devices while participating in the procession unless the operation is reckless.
3. The funeral establishment in charge of the funeral procession is liable only in connection with the procession for any negligent, reckless, or intentional act by the funeral establishment or any employee or agent of the funeral establishment that results in any death, personal injury or property damage suffered during a funeral procession.
4. a. The driver of an authorized emergency vehicle may operate the vehicle as part of a funeral procession, and a peace officer may provide traffic control relating to a funeral procession upon request or when necessary for the safety of all persons.
b. Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, an authorized emergency vehicle operating in a funeral procession or for traffic control relating to a funeral procession may display any of the vehicle’s lighting devices. This subsection shall not be construed to exempt the driver of the authorized emergency vehicle from any duty to operate the vehicle with due regard for the safety of all persons.
5. A person who violates this section commits a simple misdemeanor punishable as a scheduled violation under section 805.8A, subsection 6, paragraph “s”.
94 Acts, ch 1139, §1; 2006 Acts, ch 1070, §13; 2020 Acts, ch 1074, §36, 93; 2022 Acts, ch 1087, §7, 11
Referred to in §321.423, 321.482A, 805.8A(6)(s)
Flashing lights, see §321.423
Penalties for violations causing serious injury or death, see §321.482A
NEW subsection 4 and former subsection 4 renumbered as 5
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.325 - Pedestrians subject to signals.

321.325 Pedestrians subject to signals.
Pedestrians shall be subject to traffic-control signals at intersections as provided in this chapter, but at all other places pedestrians shall be accorded the privileges and shall be subject to the restrictions stated in sections 321.327 through 321.331.
[C39, §5027.01; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.325]
2019 Acts, ch 59, §94
Referred to in §805.8A(9)(e)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 9
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.326 - Pedestrians on left.

321.326 Pedestrians on left.
Pedestrians shall at all times when walking on or along a highway, walk on the left side of such highway.
[C39, §5027.02; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.326]
Referred to in §321O.4, 805.8A(9)(f)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 9
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.327 - Pedestrians’ right-of-way.

321.327 Pedestrians’ right-of-way.
1. Where traffic-control signals are not in place or in operation the driver of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way, slowing down or stopping if need be to so yield, to a pedestrian crossing the roadway within any marked crosswalk or within any unmarked crosswalk at an intersection, except as otherwise provided in this chapter.
2. A person convicted of a violation of this section is guilty of a simple misdemeanor punishable as a scheduled violation under section 805.8A, subsection 7.
[C39, §5027.03; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.327]
2000 Acts, ch 1203, §13; 2001 Acts, ch 137, §5; 2010 Acts, ch 1190, §48
Referred to in §321.325, 321.482A, 805.8A(7)(h)
Additional penalties for violations causing serious injury or death, see §321.482A
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.328 - Crossing at other than crosswalk.

321.328 Crossing at other than crosswalk.
1. Every pedestrian crossing a roadway at any point other than within a marked crosswalk or within an unmarked crosswalk at an intersection shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles upon the roadway except that cities may restrict such a crossing by ordinance.
2. Any pedestrian crossing a roadway at a point where a pedestrian tunnel or overhead pedestrian crossing has been provided shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles upon the roadway.
3. Where traffic-control signals are in operation at any place not an intersection pedestrians shall not cross at any place except in a marked crosswalk.
[C39, §5027.04; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.328]
Referred to in §321.325, 321.329, 805.8A(9)(g)
For applicable scheduled fines, see §805.8A, subsection 9
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.329 - Duty of driver — pedestrians crossing or working on highways.

321.329 Duty of driver — pedestrians crossing or working on highways.
1. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 321.328 every driver of a vehicle shall exercise due care to avoid colliding with any pedestrian upon any roadway and shall give warning by sounding the horn when necessary and shall exercise due care upon observing any child or any confused or incapacitated person upon a roadway.
2. Every driver of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way to pedestrian workers engaged in maintenance or construction work on a highway whenever the driver is notified of the presence of such workers by a flagman or a warning sign.
[C39, §5027.05; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.329]
Referred to in §321.325, 321.482A, 805.8A(7)(i)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 7
Additional penalties for violations causing serious injury or death, see §321.482A
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.330 - Use of crosswalks.

321.330 Use of crosswalks.
Pedestrians shall move, whenever practicable, upon the right half of crosswalks.
[C39, §5027.06; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.330]
Referred to in §321.325
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.331 - Pedestrians soliciting rides.

321.331 Pedestrians soliciting rides.
1. No person shall stand in a roadway for the purpose of soliciting a ride from the driver of any private vehicle.
2. Nothing in this section or this chapter shall be construed so as to prevent any pedestrian from standing on that portion of the highway or roadway, not ordinarily used for vehicular traffic, for the purpose of soliciting a ride from the driver of any vehicle.
[C39, §5027.07; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.331]
Referred to in §321.325, 805.8A(9)(h)
For applicable scheduled fines, see §805.8A, subsection 9
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.332 - White canes restricted to blind persons.

321.332 White canes restricted to blind persons.
For the purpose of guarding against accidents in traffic on the public thoroughfares, it shall be unlawful for any person except persons wholly or partially blind to carry or use on the streets, highways, and public places of the state any white canes or walking sticks which are white in color or white tipped with red.
[C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.332]
Referred to in §216C.8, 321.334, 805.8A(9)(i)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 9; see also §321.334
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.333 - Duty of drivers.

321.333 Duty of drivers.
Any driver of a vehicle or operator of a motor-driven vehicle who approaches or comes in contact with a person wholly or partially blind carrying a cane or walking stick white in color or white tipped with red, or being led by a guide dog wearing a harness and walking on either side of or slightly in front of said blind person, shall immediately come to a complete stop, and take such precautions as may be necessary to avoid accident or injury to the person carrying a cane or walking stick white in color or white tipped with red or being led by a guide dog.
[C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.333]
Referred to in §216C.8, 321.482A, 805.8A(7)(j)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 7
Additional penalties for violations causing serious injury or death, see §321.482A
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.334 - Penalties.

321.334 Penalties.
A person shall be fined not less than one dollar nor more than one hundred dollars for each offense, if the person does any of the following:
1. Carries a cane or walking stick such as is prescribed in section 321.332, but contrary to the provisions of this chapter.
2. Fails to heed the approach of a person lawfully carrying a cane or walking stick that is white in color or white tipped with red, or who is being led by a guide dog.
3. Fails to immediately come to a complete stop and take such precautions against accident or injury to a person described in subsection 2.
[C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.334]
2019 Acts, ch 59, §95
For scheduled fine applicable to §321.332 violations, see §805.8A, subsection 9
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.340 - Driving through safety zone.

321.340 Driving through safety zone.
No vehicle shall at any time be driven through or within a safety zone.
[C39, §5028.06; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.340]
Referred to in §805.8A(6)(t)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 6
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.341 - Obedience to signal indicating approach of railroad train or railroad track equipment.

321.341 Obedience to signal indicating approach of railroad train or railroad track equipment.
1. When a person driving a vehicle approaches a railroad grade crossing and warning is given by automatic signal, crossing gates, a flag person, or otherwise of the immediate approach of a railroad train or railroad track equipment, the driver of the vehicle shall stop the vehicle within fifty feet but not less than fifteen feet from the nearest rail and shall not proceed until the driver can do so safely.
2. The driver of a vehicle shall stop the vehicle and the vehicle shall remain standing and not traverse such a grade crossing when a crossing gate is lowered or when a human flagman gives or continues to give a signal of the approach or passage of a railroad train or railroad track equipment.
[C39, §5029.01; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.341]
87 Acts, ch 170, §9; 2012 Acts, ch 1044, §1; 2013 Acts, ch 90, §82
Referred to in §321.208, 321.343A, 321.344A, 321.344B, 321.484, 805.8A(14)(h)
For applicable scheduled fines, see §805.8A, subsection 14, paragraph h
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.342 - Stop at certain railroad crossings — posting warning.

321.342 Stop at certain railroad crossings — posting warning.
1. The driver of any vehicle approaching a railroad grade crossing across which traffic is regulated by a stop sign, a railroad sign directing traffic to stop, or an official traffic control signal displaying a flashing red or steady circular red colored light shall stop prior to driving across the railroad grade crossing at the first opportunity at either the clearly marked stop line or at a point near the crossing where the driver has a clear view of the approaching railroad train or railroad track equipment.
2. The department, city or county shall be required to post the standard sign as prescribed by the manual on uniform traffic-control devices adopted by the department pursuant to section 321.252 in advance of each railroad grade crossing to warn the motorist that the motorist is approaching a railroad grade crossing. Upon properly posting all railroad grade crossings within its jurisdiction and upon implementing the standards established in accordance with section 307.26, the department, city, or county shall not have any other affirmative duty to warn a motor vehicle operator approaching or at the railroad grade crossing.
[C39, §5029.02; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.342]
2012 Acts, ch 1044, §2
Referred to in §321.344A, 321.344B, 321.484, 805.8A(14)(h)
For applicable scheduled fines, see §805.8A, subsection 14, paragraph h
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.343 - Certain vehicles must stop.

321.343 Certain vehicles must stop.
1. The driver of a motor vehicle carrying passengers for hire, a school bus, or a vehicle carrying hazardous material and required to stop before driving across a railroad track by motor carrier safety rules adopted under section 321.449, before driving across at grade any track of a railroad, shall stop the vehicle within fifty feet but not less than fifteen feet from the nearest rail. While stopped, the driver shall listen and look in both directions for an approaching railroad train or railroad track equipment, and for signals indicating the approach of a railroad train or railroad track equipment, and shall not proceed until the driver can do so safely.
2. The driver of a commercial motor vehicle shall comply with all of the following provisions that apply to the driver:
a. If the driver is not always required to stop at a railroad crossing, slow down when approaching the crossing and check that the railroad tracks are clear of an approaching railroad train or railroad track equipment before proceeding.
b. If the driver is not always required to stop at a railroad crossing, stop before reaching the crossing if the railroad tracks are not clear.
c. Refrain from proceeding through a railroad crossing if sufficient space is not available to drive completely through the crossing without stopping.
d. Obey a traffic-control device or the directions of an enforcement official at a railroad crossing.
e. Have sufficient undercarriage clearance before negotiating a railroad crossing.
3. No stop need be made at a crossing where a peace officer or a traffic-control device directs traffic to proceed. No stop need be made at a crossing designated by an “exempt” sign. An “exempt” sign shall be posted only where the tracks have been partially removed on either side of the roadway.
[C27, 31, 35, §5105-a33; C39, §5029.03; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.343; 82 Acts, ch 1200, §1]
87 Acts, ch 170, §10; 2001 Acts, ch 132, §10; 2012 Acts, ch 1044, §3, 4
Referred to in §321.208, 321.343A, 321.344A, 321.344B, 321.484, 805.8A(14)(h)
For applicable scheduled fines, see §805.8A, subsection 14, paragraph h
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.343A - Employer violations — penalty.

321.343A Employer violations — penalty.
An employer shall not knowingly allow, require, permit, or authorize a driver to operate a commercial motor vehicle in violation of section 321.341 or 321.343 or any other federal or local law or regulation pertaining to railroad grade crossings. An employer who violates this section shall be subject to a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars.
2008 Acts, ch 1021, §11
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.344 - Heavy equipment at crossing.

321.344 Heavy equipment at crossing.
1. No person shall operate or move any caterpillar tractor, steam shovel, derrick, roller, or any equipment or structure having a normal operating speed of six or less miles per hour or a vertical body or load clearance of less than nine inches above the level surface of a roadway upon or across any tracks at a railroad grade crossing without first complying with this section.
2. Notice of the intended crossing shall be given to a superintendent of the railroad, and a reasonable time shall be given to the railroad to provide proper protection at the crossing.
3. Before making the crossing, the person operating or moving the vehicle or equipment shall first stop the vehicle or equipment not less than ten feet nor more than fifty feet from the nearest rail of the railroad and, while stopped, shall listen and look in both directions along the track for any approaching railroad train or railroad track equipment and for signals indicating the approach of a railroad train or railroad track equipment, and shall not proceed until the crossing can be made safely.
4. No such crossing shall be made when warning is given by automatic signal or crossing gates or a flagman or otherwise of the immediate approach of a railroad train or railroad track equipment.
[C39, §5029.04; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.344]
2012 Acts, ch 1044, §5
Referred to in §321.344A, 321.344B, 321.484, 805.8A(14)(h)
For applicable scheduled fines, see §805.8A, subsection 14, paragraph h