reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 714H - CONSUMER FRAUD — PRIVATE ACTIONS › Section 714H.3 - Prohibited practices and acts.

714H.3 Prohibited practices and acts.
1. A person shall not engage in a practice or act the person knows or reasonably should know is an unfair practice, deception, fraud, false pretense, or false promise, or the misrepresentation, concealment, suppression, or omission of a material fact, with the intent that others rely upon the unfair practice, deception, fraud, false pretense, false promise, misrepresentation, concealment, suppression, or omission in connection with the advertisement, sale, or lease of consumer merchandise, or the solicitation of contributions for charitable purposes. For the purposes of this chapter, a claimant alleging an unfair practice, deception, fraud, false pretense, false promise, or misrepresentation must prove that the prohibited practice related to a material fact or facts. “Solicitations of contributions for charitable purposes” does not include solicitations made on behalf of a political organization as defined in section 13C.1, solicitations made on behalf of a religious organization as defined in section 13C.1, solicitations made on behalf of a state, regionally, or nationally accredited college or university, or solicitations made on behalf of a nonprofit foundation benefiting a state, regionally, or nationally accredited college or university subject to section 509(a)(1) or 509(a)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
2. A person shall not engage in any practice or act that is in violation of any of the following:
a. Section 321.69.
b. Section 321.71A.
c. Chapter 516D.
d. Section 523C.7 or 523C.13.
e. Chapter 555A.
f. Section 714.16, subsection 2, paragraphs “b” through “n”.
g. Chapter 714A.
2009 Acts, ch 167, §3, 9; 2015 Acts, ch 72, §3, 4; 2020 Acts, ch 1063, §375
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 714H - CONSUMER FRAUD — PRIVATE ACTIONS › Section 714H.5 - Private right of action — damages — statute of limitations.

714H.5 Private right of action — damages — statute of limitations.
1. A consumer who suffers an ascertainable loss of money or property as the result of a prohibited practice or act in violation of this chapter may bring an action at law to recover actual damages. The court may order such equitable relief as it deems necessary to protect the public from further violations, including temporary and permanent injunctive relief.
2. If the court finds that a person has violated this chapter and the consumer is awarded actual damages, the court shall award to the consumer the costs of the action and to the consumer’s attorney reasonable fees. Reasonable attorney fees shall be determined by the value of the time reasonably expended by the attorney including but not limited to consideration of the following factors:
a. The time and labor required.
b. The novelty and difficulty of the issues in the case.
c. The skills required to perform the legal services properly.
d. The preclusion of other employment by the attorney due to the attorney’s acceptance of the case.
e. The customary fee.
f. Whether the fee is fixed or contingent.
g. The time limitations imposed by the client or the circumstances of the case.
h. The amount of money involved in the case and the results obtained.
i. The experience, reputation, and ability of the attorney.
j. The undesirability of the case.
k. The nature and length of the professional relationship between the attorney and the client.
l. Attorney fee awards in similar cases.
3. In order to recover damages, a claim under this section shall be proved by a preponderance of the evidence.
4. If the finder of fact finds by a preponderance of clear, convincing, and satisfactory evidence that a prohibited practice or act in violation of this chapter constitutes willful and wanton disregard for the rights or safety of another, in addition to an award of actual damages, statutory damages up to three times the amount of actual damages may be awarded to a prevailing consumer.
5. An action pursuant to this chapter must be brought within two years of the occurrence of the last event giving rise to the cause of action under this chapter or within two years of the discovery of the violation of this chapter by the person bringing the action, whichever is later.
6. This section shall not affect a consumer’s right to seek relief under any other theory of law.
7. A person shall not be held liable in any action brought under this section for a violation of this chapter if the person shows by a preponderance of the evidence that the violation was not intentional and resulted from a bona fide error notwithstanding the maintenance of procedures reasonably adopted to avoid the error.
2009 Acts, ch 167, §5, 9
Referred to in §321.69A
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 714H - CONSUMER FRAUD — PRIVATE ACTIONS › Section 714H.6 - Attorney general notification.

714H.6 Attorney general notification.
1. A party filing a petition, counterclaim, cross-petition, or pleading, or any count thereof, in intervention alleging a violation under this chapter, within seven days following the date of filing such pleading, shall provide a copy to the attorney general and, within seven days following entry of any final judgment in the action, shall provide a copy of the judgment to the attorney general.
2. A party appealing to district court a small claims order or judgment involving an issue raised under this chapter, within seven days of providing notice of the appeal, shall notify the attorney general in writing and provide a copy of the pleading raising the issue and a copy of the small claims court order or judgment.
3. A party appealing an order or judgment involving an issue raised under this chapter, within seven days following the date such notice of appeal is filed with the court, shall notify the attorney general in writing and provide a copy of the pleading raising the issue and a copy of the court order or judgment being appealed.
4. Upon timely application to the court in which an action involving an issue raised under this chapter is pending, the attorney general may intervene as a party at any time or may be heard at any time. The attorney general’s failure to intervene shall not preclude the attorney general from bringing a separate enforcement action.
5. All copies of pleadings, orders, judgments, and notices required by this section to be sent to the attorney general shall be sent by certified mail unless the attorney general has previously been provided such copies of pleadings, orders, judgments, or notices in the same action by certified mail, in which case subsequent mailings may be made by regular mail. Failure to provide the required mailings to the attorney general shall not be grounds for dismissal of an action under this chapter, but shall be grounds for a subsequent action by the attorney general to vacate or modify the judgment.
2009 Acts, ch 167, §6, 9
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 714H - CONSUMER FRAUD — PRIVATE ACTIONS › Section 714H.7 - Class actions.

714H.7 Class actions.
A class action lawsuit alleging a violation of this chapter shall not be filed with a court unless it has been approved by the attorney general. The attorney general shall approve the filing of a class action lawsuit alleging a violation of this chapter unless the attorney general determines that the lawsuit is frivolous. This section shall not affect the requirements of any other law or of the Iowa rules of civil procedure relating to class action lawsuits.
2009 Acts, ch 167, §7, 9
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 714H - CONSUMER FRAUD — PRIVATE ACTIONS › Section 714H.8 - Severability clause.

714H.8 Severability clause.
If any provision of this chapter or its application to any person or circumstances is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of this chapter that can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this chapter are severable.
2009 Acts, ch 167, §8, 9
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 714I - FRAUD IN ASSISTED REPRODUCTION ACT › Section 714I.2 - Definitions.

714I.2 Definitions.
For purposes of this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:
1. “Assisted reproduction” means a method of causing pregnancy other than sexual intercourse involving medical or scientific intervention.
2. “Donor” means an individual who provides gametes intended for use in assisted reproduction, whether or not for consideration.
3. “Gamete” means a sperm, an egg, or any part of a sperm or an egg.
4. “Health care professional” means a person who is licensed, certified, or otherwise authorized or permitted by the law of this state to administer health care in the ordinary course of business or in the practice of a profession.
5. “Health facility” means a hospital, clinic, sperm bank, laboratory, or other health care institution involved in the assisted reproduction process.
6. “Human reproductive material” means a human gamete or a human organism at any stage of development from fertilized ovum to embryo.
7. “Live birth” means the same as defined in section 144.1.
8. “Patient” means a person who has received or is receiving health services from a health care professional.
9. “Spouse” means the spouse of a patient who undergoes assisted reproduction at the time of conception, birth, or at any time during the period between conception and birth of a child through assisted reproduction.
2022 Acts, ch 1123, §2
Referred to in §692A.102, 709.4A
NEW section
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 714I - FRAUD IN ASSISTED REPRODUCTION ACT › Section 714I.3 - Prohibited practices and acts.

714I.3 Prohibited practices and acts.
1. A person shall not engage in a practice or act the person knows or reasonably should have known provides false information to a patient related to an assisted reproduction procedure or treatment including false information relating to any of the following:
a. The human reproductive material used or provided for assisted reproduction.
b. The identity of a donor of human reproductive material used or provided for assisted reproduction including but not limited to the donor’s name, birthdate, or address at the time of donation.
c. A donor’s medical history including but not limited to an illness of the donor at the time of donation, any past illness of the donor, or the social, genetic, or family history of the donor.
2. A health care professional or a health facility shall not knowingly or intentionally do any of the following:
a. Use or provide a patient with human reproductive material for assisted reproduction other than that to which the patient expressly consented in writing.
b. Use or provide a patient with human reproductive material for assisted reproduction that is not provided with the donor’s consent or in a manner or to an extent other than that to which the donor consented.
3. It is not a defense to a violation of this section that a patient expressly consented in writing to the use of human reproductive material from an anonymous donor.
4. A violation of this section by a health care professional or health facility constitutes grounds for denial of an application for, denial of renewal of, or revocation of any license, permit, certification, or any other form of permission required to practice a profession or establish, conduct, or maintain a facility regulated by the state. A violation of this section by a health care professional constitutes unprofessional conduct.
2022 Acts, ch 1123, §3
Referred to in §147.55, 692A.102, 709.4A, 714I.4
NEW section
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 715 - COMPUTER SPYWARE AND MALWARE PROTECTION › Section 715.1 - Legislative intent.

715.1 Legislative intent.
It is the intent of the general assembly to protect owners and operators of computers in this state from the use of spyware and malware that is deceptively or surreptitiously installed on the owner’s or the operator’s computer.
2005 Acts, ch 94, §1
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 715 - COMPUTER SPYWARE AND MALWARE PROTECTION › Section 715.5 - Other prohibitions.

715.5 Other prohibitions.
It is unlawful for a person who is not an owner or operator of a computer to do any of the following with regard to the computer:
1. Induce an owner or operator to install a computer software component onto the owner’s or the operator’s computer by intentionally misrepresenting that installing computer software is necessary for security or privacy reasons or in order to open, view, or play a particular type of content.
2. Using intentionally deceptive means to cause the execution of a computer software component with the intent of causing an owner or operator to use such component in a manner that violates any other provision of this chapter.
2005 Acts, ch 94, §5
Referred to in §715.6
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 715 - COMPUTER SPYWARE AND MALWARE PROTECTION › Section 715.6 - Exceptions.

715.6 Exceptions.
Sections 715.4 and 715.5 shall not apply to the monitoring of, or interaction with, an owner’s or an operator’s internet or other network connection, service, or computer, by a telecommunications carrier, cable operator, computer hardware or software provider, or provider of information service or interactive computer service for network or computer security purposes, diagnostics, technical support, maintenance, repair, authorized updates of computer software or system firmware, authorized remote system management, or detection, criminal investigation, or prevention of the use of or fraudulent or other illegal activities prohibited in this chapter in connection with a network, service, or computer software, including scanning for and removing computer software prescribed under this chapter. Nothing in this chapter shall limit the rights of providers of wire and electronic communications under 18 U.S.C. §2511.
2005 Acts, ch 94, §6; 2007 Acts, ch 126, §108; 2007 Acts, ch 215, §257
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 715 - COMPUTER SPYWARE AND MALWARE PROTECTION › Section 715.7 - Criminal penalties.

715.7 Criminal penalties.
1. A person who commits an unlawful act under this chapter is guilty of an aggravated misdemeanor.
2. A person who commits an unlawful act under this chapter and who causes pecuniary losses exceeding one thousand dollars to a victim of the unlawful act is guilty of a class “D” felony.
2005 Acts, ch 94, §7
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 715 - COMPUTER SPYWARE AND MALWARE PROTECTION › Section 715.8 - Venue for criminal violations.

715.8 Venue for criminal violations.
For the purpose of determining proper venue, a violation of this chapter shall be considered to have been committed in any county in which any of the following apply:
1. An act was performed in furtherance of the violation.
2. The owner or operator who is the victim of the violation has a place of business in this state.
3. The defendant has control or possession of any proceeds of the violation, or of any books, records, documents, property, financial instrument, computer software, computer program, computer data, or other material or objects used in furtherance of the violation.
4. The defendant unlawfully accessed a computer or computer network by wires, electromagnetic waves, microwaves, or any other means of communication.
5. The defendant resides.
6. A computer used as an object or an instrument in the commission of the violation was located at the time of the violation.
2005 Acts, ch 94, §8
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 715A - FORGERY AND RELATED FRAUDULENT CRIMINAL ACTS › Section 715A.1 - Definitions.

715A.1 Definitions.
As used in this chapter:
1. “Credit card” means a writing purporting to evidence an undertaking to pay for property or services delivered or rendered to or upon the order of a designated person or bearer and includes a debit card or access device used to engage in an electronic transfer of funds through a satellite terminal as defined in section 527.2, subsection 20.
2. “Drug or alcohol test” includes a drug or alcohol test given in a private-sector workplace pursuant to section 730.5 and a drug or alcohol test given by a public employer.
3. “Public employer” means the state, its boards, commissions, agencies, and departments, and its political subdivisions including school districts and other special purpose districts.
4. “Synthetic urine” means any substance that is designed to simulate the composition, chemical properties, physical appearance, or physical properties of human urine for the purpose of defrauding a drug or alcohol test.
5. “Urine additive” means any substance that is designed to be added to human urine for the purpose of defrauding a drug or alcohol test.
6. “Writing” includes printing or any other method of recording information, and includes money, coins, tokens, stamps, seals, credit cards, badges, trademarks, and other symbols of value, right, privilege, or identification.
87 Acts, ch 150, §1; 2014 Acts, ch 1092, §145; 2021 Acts, ch 17, §1
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 715A - FORGERY AND RELATED FRAUDULENT CRIMINAL ACTS › Section 715A.2 - Forgery.

715A.2 Forgery.
1. A person is guilty of forgery if, with intent to defraud or injure anyone, or with knowledge that the person is facilitating a fraud or injury to be perpetrated by anyone, the person does any of the following:
a. Alters a writing of another without the other’s permission.
b. Makes, completes, executes, authenticates, issues, or transfers a writing so that it purports to be the act of another who did not authorize that act, or so that it purports to have been executed at a time or place or in a numbered sequence other than was in fact the case, or so that it purports to be a copy of an original when no such original existed.
c. Utters a writing which the person knows to be forged in a manner specified in paragraph “a” or “b”.
d. Possesses a writing which the person knows to be forged in a manner specified in paragraph “a” or “b”.
2. a. Forgery is a class “D” felony if the writing is or purports to be any of the following:
(1) Part of an issue of money, securities, postage or revenue stamps, or other instruments issued by the government.
(2) Part of an issue of stock, bonds, credit-sale contracts as defined in section 203.1, or other instruments representing interests in or claims against any property or enterprise.
(3) A check, draft, or other writing which ostensibly evidences an obligation of the person who has purportedly executed it or authorized its execution.
(4) A document prescribed by statute, rule, or regulation for entry into or as evidence of authorized stay or employment in the United States.
(5) A driver’s license, nonoperator’s identification card, birth certificate, or occupational license or certificate in support of an occupational license issued by a department, agency, board, or commission in this state.
b. Forgery is an aggravated misdemeanor if the writing is or purports to be a will, deed, contract, release, commercial instrument, or any other writing or other document evidencing, creating, transferring, altering, terminating, or otherwise affecting legal relations.
87 Acts, ch 150, §2; 92 Acts, ch 1239, §80; 96 Acts, ch 1181, §2, 3; 2019 Acts, ch 140, §25
Referred to in §715A.2A
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 715A - FORGERY AND RELATED FRAUDULENT CRIMINAL ACTS › Section 715A.2A - Accommodation of forgery — penalty.

715A.2A Accommodation of forgery — penalty.
1. An employer is subject to the civil penalty in this section if the employer does either of the following:
a. Hires a person when the employer or an agent or employee of the employer knows that the document evidencing the person’s authorized stay or employment in the United States is in violation of section 715A.2, subsection 2, paragraph “a”, subparagraph (4) or (5), or knows that the person is not authorized to be employed in the United States.
b. Continues to employ a person when the employer or an agent or employee of the employer knows that the document evidencing the person’s authorized stay or employment in the United States is in violation of section 715A.2, subsection 2, paragraph “a”, subparagraph (4) or (5), or knows that the person is not authorized to be employed in the United States.
2. An employer who establishes that it has complied in good faith with the requirements of 8 U.S.C. §1324a(b) with respect to the hiring or continued employment of an alien in the United States has established an affirmative defense that the employer has not violated this section.
3. a. An employer who violates this section shall cease and desist from further violations and shall pay the following civil penalty:
(1) For a first violation, not less than two hundred and fifty dollars and not more than two thousand dollars for each unauthorized alien hired or employed.
(2) For a second violation, not less than two thousand dollars and not more than five thousand dollars for each unauthorized alien hired or employed.
(3) For a third or subsequent violation, not less than three thousand dollars and not more than ten thousand dollars for each unauthorized alien hired or employed.
b. In addition, an employer found to have violated this section shall be assessed the costs of the action to enforce the civil penalty, including the reasonable costs of investigation and attorney fees.
4. A civil action to enforce this provision shall be by equitable proceedings instituted by the attorney general or county attorney.
5. Penalties ordered pursuant to this section shall be paid to the treasurer of state for deposit in the general fund of the state.
96 Acts, ch 1181, §4; 2008 Acts, ch 1031, §69; 2019 Acts, ch 140, §26
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 715A - FORGERY AND RELATED FRAUDULENT CRIMINAL ACTS › Section 715A.3 - Simulating objects of antiquity or rarity.

715A.3 Simulating objects of antiquity or rarity.
A person commits a serious misdemeanor if, with intent to defraud anyone or with knowledge that the person is facilitating a fraud to be perpetrated by anyone, the person makes, alters, or utters any object so that it appears to have value because of antiquity, rarity, source, or authorship which it does not possess.
87 Acts, ch 150, §3
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 715A - FORGERY AND RELATED FRAUDULENT CRIMINAL ACTS › Section 715A.4 - Fraudulent destruction, removal, or concealment of recordable instruments.

715A.4 Fraudulent destruction, removal, or concealment of recordable instruments.
A person commits an aggravated misdemeanor if, with the intent to deceive or injure anyone, the person destroys, removes, or conceals a will, deed, mortgage, security instrument, or other writing for which the law provides public recording.
87 Acts, ch 150, §4
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 715A - FORGERY AND RELATED FRAUDULENT CRIMINAL ACTS › Section 715A.5 - Tampering with records.

715A.5 Tampering with records.
A person commits an aggravated misdemeanor if, knowing that the person has no privilege to do so, the person falsifies, destroys, removes, or conceals a writing or record, with the intent to deceive or injure anyone or to conceal any wrongdoing.
87 Acts, ch 150, §5
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 715A - FORGERY AND RELATED FRAUDULENT CRIMINAL ACTS › Section 715A.6 - Credit cards.

715A.6 Credit cards.
1. a. A person commits a public offense by using a credit card for the purpose of obtaining property or services with knowledge of any of the following:
(1) The credit card is stolen or forged.
(2) The credit card has been revoked or canceled.
(3) For any other reason the use of the credit card is unauthorized.
b. It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under paragraph “a”, subparagraph (3), if the person proves by a preponderance of the evidence that the person had the intent and ability to meet all obligations to the issuer arising out of the use of the credit card.
2. a. An offense under this section is a class “C” felony if the value of the property or services secured or sought to be secured by means of the credit card is greater than ten thousand dollars.
b. If the value of the property or services secured or sought to be secured by means of the credit card is greater than one thousand five hundred dollars but not more than ten thousand dollars, an offense under this section is a class “D” felony.
c. If the value of the property or services secured or sought to be secured by means of the credit card is one thousand five hundred dollars or less, an offense under this section is an aggravated misdemeanor.
3. For purposes of this section, the value of the property or services is the highest value of the property or services determined by any reasonable standard at the time the violation occurred. Any reasonable standard includes but is not limited to market value within the community, actual value, or replacement value. If property or services are secured by two or more acts from the same person or location, or from different persons by two or more acts which occur in approximately the same location or time period so that the acts are attributable to a single scheme, plan, or conspiracy, the acts may be considered as a single act and the value may be the total value of all property or services involved.
87 Acts, ch 150, §6; 92 Acts, ch 1060, §7; 2003 Acts, ch 12, §1, 2; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §211; 2014 Acts, ch 1092, §146; 2019 Acts, ch 140, §17
Referred to in §715A.6B
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 715A - FORGERY AND RELATED FRAUDULENT CRIMINAL ACTS › Section 715A.6A - Prohibitions relating to false academic degrees, grades, or honors.

715A.6A Prohibitions relating to false academic degrees, grades, or honors.
1. As used in this section, “academic degree” means a diploma, certificate, license, transcript, or other document which signifies or purports to signify completion of the academic requirements of a secondary, postsecondary, professional, or governmental program of study.
2. A person commits a serious misdemeanor if the person, knowingly and willingly, does any of the following:
a. Falsely makes or alters, procures to be falsely made or altered, or assists in falsely making or altering, an academic degree.
b. Uses, offers, or presents as genuine, a falsely made or altered academic degree.
c. Sells, gives, purchases, or obtains, procures to be sold, given, purchased, or obtained, or assists in selling, giving, buying, or obtaining, a false academic degree.
d. Makes a false written representation relating to the person’s academic grades, honors, or awards, or makes a false written representation that the person has received an academic degree from a specific secondary, postsecondary, professional institution, or governmental program of study, in an application for any of the following:
(1) Employment.
(2) Admission to an educational program.
(3) An award or other recognition.
(4) The issuance of an academic degree to the person.
96 Acts, ch 1039, §1
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 715A - FORGERY AND RELATED FRAUDULENT CRIMINAL ACTS › Section 715A.6B - Credit card fraud — minor involved.

715A.6B Credit card fraud — minor involved.
1. For purposes of this section, “minor” means any person under the age of eighteen.
2. A person commits a public offense if the person applies for a credit card in the name of a minor, other than the person, without the consent of the minor’s parent, guardian, or legal custodian. A person adding a minor as an authorized user of the person’s credit card does not commit an offense under this subsection. An offense under this subsection is a class “D” felony.
3. a. A person commits a public offense if the person uses a credit card obtained in violation of subsection 2 to secure or seek to secure property or services. An offense under this subsection shall be as follows:
(1) A class “C” felony if the value of the property or services secured or sought to be secured by means of the credit card is greater than ten thousand dollars.
(2) A class “D” felony if the value of the property or services secured or sought to be secured by means of the credit card is ten thousand dollars or less.
b. For purposes of this subsection, the value of property or services shall be determined as provided in section 715A.6, subsection 3.
2016 Acts, ch 1041, §1
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 715A - FORGERY AND RELATED FRAUDULENT CRIMINAL ACTS › Section 715A.7 - Filing multiple counts in one information, indictment, or complaint.

715A.7 Filing multiple counts in one information, indictment, or complaint.
A single information, indictment, or complaint charging a violation of a provision of this chapter may allege more than one such violation against a person. The multiple charges shall be set out in separate counts, and the accused person shall be acquitted or convicted upon each count by a separate verdict. A convicted person shall be sentenced upon each verdict of guilty. The court may consider separate verdicts of guilty returned at the same time as one offense for the purpose of sentencing.
87 Acts, ch 150, §7; 88 Acts, ch 1134, §114
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 715A - FORGERY AND RELATED FRAUDULENT CRIMINAL ACTS › Section 715A.9 - Value for purposes of identity theft.

715A.9 Value for purposes of identity theft.
1. The value of credit, property, services, or other benefit obtained is its highest value by any reasonable standard at the time the identity theft is committed. Any reasonable standard includes but is not limited to market value within the community, actual value, or replacement value.
2. If credit, property, services, or other benefit is obtained by two or more acts from the same person or location, or from different persons by two or more acts which occur in approximately the same location or time period so that the identity thefts are attributable to a single scheme, plan, or conspiracy, the acts may be considered as a single identity theft and the value may be the total value of all credit, property, services, and other benefit involved.
99 Acts, ch 47, §3; 2016 Acts, ch 1005, §2
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 715A - FORGERY AND RELATED FRAUDULENT CRIMINAL ACTS › Section 715A.9A - Identity theft passport.

715A.9A Identity theft passport.
1. The attorney general, in cooperation with any law enforcement agency, may issue an identity theft passport to a person who meets both of the following requirements:
a. Is a victim of identity theft in this state or resides in this state at the time the person is a victim of identity theft.
b. Has filed a police report with any law enforcement agency citing that the person is a victim of identity theft.
2. A victim who has filed a report of identity theft with a law enforcement agency may apply for an identity theft passport through the law enforcement agency. The law enforcement agency shall send a copy of the police report and the application to the attorney general, who shall process the application and supporting report and may issue the victim an identity theft passport in the form of a card or certificate.
3. A victim of identity theft issued an identity theft passport may present the passport to any of the following:
a. A law enforcement agency, to help prevent the victim’s arrest or detention for an offense committed by someone other than the victim who is using the victim’s identity.
b. A creditor of the victim, to aid in the creditor’s investigation and establishment of whether fraudulent charges were made against accounts in the victim’s name or whether accounts were opened using the victim’s identity.
4. A law enforcement agency or creditor may accept an identity theft passport issued pursuant to this section and presented by a victim at the discretion of the law enforcement agency or creditor. A law enforcement agency or creditor may consider the surrounding circumstances and available information regarding the offense of identity theft pertaining to the victim.
5. An application made with the attorney general under subsection 2, including any supporting documentation, shall be confidential and shall not be a public record subject to disclosure under chapter 22.
6. The attorney general shall adopt rules necessary to implement this section, which shall include a procedure by which the attorney general shall assure that an identity theft passport applicant has an identity theft claim that is legitimate and adequately substantiated.
2006 Acts, ch 1067, §1; 2015 Acts, ch 138, §20, 161, 162
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 715A - FORGERY AND RELATED FRAUDULENT CRIMINAL ACTS › Section 715A.11 - Synthetic urine and urine additives — defrauding drug or alcohol test.

715A.11 Synthetic urine and urine additives — defrauding drug or alcohol test.
1. A person shall not manufacture, market, sell, distribute, use, or possess synthetic urine or a urine additive for the purpose of defrauding a drug or alcohol test.
2. A person shall not knowingly use the person’s own urine expelled or withdrawn prior to the collection of a urine sample from the person for a drug or alcohol test for the purpose of defrauding a drug or alcohol test.
3. A person shall not knowingly use the urine of another person for the purpose of defrauding a drug or alcohol test.
4. This section shall not apply to the manufacture, marketing, sale, distribution, use, or possession of synthetic urine or a urine additive if the manufacture, marketing, sale, distribution, use, or possession is solely for educational or law enforcement purposes.
5. A person who violates this section is guilty of a simple misdemeanor for a first offense and a serious misdemeanor for each subsequent offense. The court may require a substance abuse evaluation and treatment through a program licensed by the Iowa department of public health in lieu of or in addition to other penalties. Any substance abuse evaluation required under this subsection shall be completed at the expense of the defendant.
6. Except as prohibited by law, a person who collects a urine sample from another person for a drug or alcohol test, having knowledge or a reasonable suspicion that the other person has used synthetic urine or a urine additive to defraud the test in violation of subsection 1, may report such information to law enforcement authorities.
7. Notwithstanding any other law to the contrary, the prosecution of a person for a violation of this section shall not preclude a prosecution of that person under other applicable law.
8. This section shall not be construed to encourage, conflict with, or otherwise interfere with the preemption of any federal, state, or local laws or regulations related to drug and alcohol testing procedures and confidentiality.
2021 Acts, ch 17, §2; 2022 Acts, ch 1021, §173
Subsection 5 amended
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 715B - PROTECTION OF BUYERS OF FINE ART AND VISUAL ART MULTIPLES › Section 715B.2 - Express warranties.

715B.2 Express warranties.
1. If an art merchant sells or exchanges a work of fine art or multiple and furnishes to a buyer of the work who is not an art merchant a certificate of authenticity or any similar written instrument presumed to be part of the basis of the bargain, the art merchant creates an express warranty for the material facts stated as of the date of the sale or exchange.
2. Except as provided in subsection 4, an express warranty shall not be negated or limited; however, in construing the degree of warranty, due regard shall be given the terminology used and the meaning accorded the terminology by the customs and usage of the trade at the time and in the locality where the sale or exchange took place.
3. Language used in a certificate of authenticity or similar written instrument, stating that:
a. The work is by a named author or has a named authorship, without any limiting words, means unequivocally, that the work is by such named author or has such named authorship.
b. The work is “attributed to a named author” means a work of the period of the author, attributed to the author, but not with certainty by the author.
c. The work is of the “school of a named author” means a work of the period of the author, by a pupil or close follower of the author, but not by the author.
4. An express warranty and any disclaimer intended to negate or limit the warranty shall be construed wherever reasonable as consistent with each other but subject to the provisions of section 554.2202 on parol and extrinsic evidence. However, the negation or limitation is inoperative to the extent that the negation or limitation is unreasonable or that such construction is unreasonable. A negation or limitation is unreasonable if:
a. The disclaimer is not conspicuous, written, and apart from the warranty, in words which clearly and specifically inform the buyer that the seller assumes no risk, liability, or responsibility for the material facts stated concerning the work of fine art. Words of general disclaimer are not sufficient to negate or limit an express warranty.
b. The work of fine art is proved to be a counterfeit and this was not clearly indicated in the description of the work.
c. The information provided is proved to be, as of the date of sale or exchange, false, mistaken, or erroneous.
5. This section shall apply to an art merchant selling or exchanging a multiple who furnishes the buyer with the name of the artist and any other information including, but not limited to, whether the multiple is a limited edition, a proof, or signed. The warranty provided under this subsection shall include sales to buyers who are art merchants.
87 Acts, ch 49, §2
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 715B - PROTECTION OF BUYERS OF FINE ART AND VISUAL ART MULTIPLES › Section 715B.3 - Falsifying certificates of authenticity or false representation — penalty.

715B.3 Falsifying certificates of authenticity or false representation — penalty.
A person who makes, alters, or issues a certificate of authenticity or any similar written instrument for a work of fine art or multiple attesting to material facts about the work which are not true, or who makes representations regarding a work of fine art or a multiple attesting to material facts about the work which are not true, with intent to defraud, deceive, or injure another is guilty, upon conviction, of an aggravated misdemeanor.
87 Acts, ch 49, §3
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 715B - PROTECTION OF BUYERS OF FINE ART AND VISUAL ART MULTIPLES › Section 715B.4 - Remedies to buyer.

715B.4 Remedies to buyer.
1. An art merchant who sells a work of fine art or a multiple to a buyer under a warranty attesting to facts about the work which are not true is liable to the buyer to whom the work was sold.
a. If the warranty was untrue through no fault of the art merchant, the merchant’s liability is the consideration paid by the buyer upon return of the work in substantially the same condition in which it was received by the buyer.
b. If the warranty is untrue and the buyer is able to establish that the art merchant failed to make reasonable inquiries according to the custom and the usage of the trade to confirm the warranted facts about the work, or that the warranted facts would have been found to be untrue if reasonable inquiries had been made, the merchant’s liability is the consideration paid by the buyer with interest from the time of the payment at the rate prescribed by section 535.3 upon the return of the work in substantially the same condition in which it was received by the buyer.
c. (1) If the warranty is untrue and the buyer is able to establish that the art merchant knowingly provided false information on the warranty or willfully and falsely disclaimed knowledge of information relating to the warranty, the merchant is liable to the buyer in an amount equal to three times the amount provided in paragraph “b”.
(2) This remedy shall not bar or be deemed inconsistent with a claim for damages or with the exercise of additional remedies otherwise available to the buyer.
2. In an action to enforce this section, the court may allow a prevailing buyer the costs of the action together with reasonable attorneys’ and expert witnesses’ fees. If the court determines that an action to enforce this section was brought in bad faith, the court may allow those expenses to the art merchant that it deems appropriate.
3. An action to enforce any liability under this section shall be brought within the time period prescribed for such actions under section 614.1.
87 Acts, ch 49, §4; 2013 Acts, ch 90, §233
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 716 - DAMAGE AND TRESPASS TO PROPERTY › Section 716.1 - Criminal mischief defined.

716.1 Criminal mischief defined.
Any damage, defacing, alteration, or destruction of property is criminal mischief when done intentionally by one who has no right to so act.
[C51, §2679, 2681 – 2683, 2686 – 2688, 2690, 2715, 2753; R60, §1766, 4319, 4321 – 4323, 4326 – 4328, 4330 – 4332, 4357, 4403; C73, §1564, 3897 – 3899, 3978, 3980 – 3982, 3985 – 3987, 3989 – 3992, 4021, 4082; C97, §588, 2466, 4800 – 4806, 4808, 4809, 4812, 4822 – 4828, 5054; S13, §1989-a15, 4808, 4822, 4823, 4830-a, -b, -c; SS15, §2900-e; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §13080, 13082, 13083, 13085, 13088 – 13091, 13093 – 13099, 13102, 13107, 13112 – 13117, 13122, 13124; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §714.1, 714.3 – 714.5, 714.8 – 714.11, 714.14 – 714.20, 714.23, 714.28, 716.1 – 716.6, 716.9, 716.12; C79, 81, §716.1]
2002 Acts, ch 1049, §1
Referred to in §717A.3
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 716 - DAMAGE AND TRESPASS TO PROPERTY › Section 716.2 - Multiple acts.

716.2 Multiple acts.
Whenever criminal mischief is committed upon more than one item of property at approximately the same location or time period, so that all of these acts of mischief can be attributed to a single scheme, plan or conspiracy, such acts shall be considered as a single act of criminal mischief.
[C79, 81, §716.2]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 716 - DAMAGE AND TRESPASS TO PROPERTY › Section 716.3 - Criminal mischief in the first degree.

716.3 Criminal mischief in the first degree.
1. Criminal mischief is criminal mischief in the first degree if either of the following apply:
a. The cost of replacing, repairing, or restoring the property that is damaged, defaced, altered, or destroyed is more than ten thousand dollars.
b. The acts are intended to or do in fact cause a substantial interruption or impairment of service rendered to the public by a gas, electric, steam or waterworks corporation, telephone or telegraph corporation, common carrier, or a public utility operated by a municipality.
2. Criminal mischief in the first degree is a class “C” felony.
[C51, §2680; R60, §4320; C73, §3979; C97, §4807; S13, §4807; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §13120; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §716.7; C79, 81, §716.3]
92 Acts, ch 1060, §8; 2013 Acts, ch 90, §193
Referred to in §717A.3, 911.5
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 716 - DAMAGE AND TRESPASS TO PROPERTY › Section 716.4 - Criminal mischief in the second degree.

716.4 Criminal mischief in the second degree.
1. Criminal mischief is criminal mischief in the second degree if any of the following apply:
a. The cost of replacing, repairing, or restoring the property that is damaged, defaced, altered, or destroyed exceeds one thousand five hundred dollars but does not exceed ten thousand dollars.
b. The acts damaged, defaced, altered, or destroyed any publicly owned property, including a monument or statue. In addition to any sentence imposed for a violation of this paragraph, the court shall include an order of restitution for any property damage or loss incurred as a result of the offense.
2. Criminal mischief in the second degree is a class “D” felony.
[C79, 81, §716.4]
92 Acts, ch 1060, §9; 2013 Acts, ch 90, §194; 2019 Acts, ch 140, §19; 2021 Acts, ch 183, §42, 43
Referred to in §717A.3, 911.5
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 716 - DAMAGE AND TRESPASS TO PROPERTY › Section 716.5 - Criminal mischief in the third degree.

716.5 Criminal mischief in the third degree.
1. Criminal mischief is criminal mischief in the third degree if any of the following apply:
a. The cost of replacing, repairing, or restoring the property that is damaged, defaced, altered, or destroyed exceeds seven hundred fifty dollars, but does not exceed one thousand five hundred dollars.
b. The property is a deed, will, commercial paper or any civil or criminal process or other instrument having legal effect.
c. The act consists of rendering substantially less effective than before any light, signal, obstruction, barricade, or guard which has been placed or erected for the purpose of enclosing any unsafe or dangerous place or of alerting persons to an unsafe or dangerous condition.
d. The person intentionally disinters human remains from a burial site without lawful authority.
e. The person intentionally disinters human remains that have state and national significance from an historical or scientific standpoint for the inspiration and benefit of the United States without the permission of the state archaeologist.
f. The act is committed upon property that consists of a device that has the ability to process a payment card as defined in section 715A.10.
2. Criminal mischief in the third degree is an aggravated misdemeanor.
[C51, §2638, 2714, 2746; R60, §4265, 4356, 4396; C73, §3929, 4017, 4075; C97, §4865, 4945, 5043; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §13050, 13100, 13148; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §713.5, 714.21, 718.10; C79, 81, §716.5]
83 Acts, ch 99, §1; 92 Acts, ch 1060, §10; 2009 Acts, ch 41, §169; 2018 Acts, ch 1011, §2; 2019 Acts, ch 140, §20
Referred to in §523I.316, 716.6A, 717A.3, 911.5