reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Idaho Code › Title 8 - PROVISIONAL REMEDIES IN CIVIL ACTIONS › Chapter 6 - RECEIVERS › Section 8-601A - ADDITIONAL GROUNDS FOR APPOINTMENT OF RECEIVERS.

8-601A. ADDITIONAL GROUNDS FOR APPOINTMENT OF RECEIVERS. (1) At any time after the filing for record of a notice of default and election to sell real property under a power of sale contained in a deed of trust, in accordance with the provisions of section 45-1505(3), Idaho Code, the trustee or beneficiary of the deed of trust may apply to the district court for the county in which the property or any part of the property is located for the appointment of a receiver of such property and of any personal property subject to the deed of trust or to related security documents.
(2) A receiver may be appointed, pursuant to the provisions of subsection (1) of this section, or of section 8-601, Idaho Code, where it appears that personal property subject to the deed of trust or mortgage, or to related security documents, is in danger of being lost, removed, concealed, materially injured or destroyed, that real property subject to the deed of trust or mortgage is in danger of substantial waste or that the income therefrom is in danger of being lost, or that the property is or may become insufficient to discharge the debt which it secures.
History:
[8-601A, added 1993, ch. 280, sec. 1, p. 949.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 8 - PROVISIONAL REMEDIES IN CIVIL ACTIONS › Chapter 6 - RECEIVERS › Section 8-602 - APPOINTMENT UPON DISSOLUTION OF CORPORATION.

8-602. APPOINTMENT UPON DISSOLUTION OF CORPORATION. Upon the dissolution of any corporation the district court of the county in which the corporation carries on its business or has its principal place of business, on application of any creditor of the corporation, or of any member or stockholder thereof, may appoint one (1) or more persons to be receivers or trustees of the corporation, to take charge of the estate and effects thereof, and to collect the debts and property due and belonging to the corporation, and to pay the outstanding debts thereof, and to divide the moneys and other property that shall remain over, among the stockholders or members.
History:
[(8-602) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 342; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 4330; C.S., sec. 6818; I.C.A., sec. 6-602.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 8 - PROVISIONAL REMEDIES IN CIVIL ACTIONS › Chapter 6 - RECEIVERS › Section 8-603 - WHO MAY BE APPOINTED — UNDERTAKING UPON EX PARTE APPOINTMENT — ADDITIONAL UNDERTAKING.

8-603. WHO MAY BE APPOINTED — UNDERTAKING UPON EX PARTE APPOINTMENT — ADDITIONAL UNDERTAKING. No party, or attorney, or person interested in an action, can be appointed receiver therein, without the written consent of the parties filed with the clerk. If a receiver be appointed upon an ex parte application, the court, before making the order, may require from the applicant an undertaking, with sufficient sureties, in an amount to be fixed by the court, to the effect that the applicant will pay to the defendant all damages he may sustain by reason of the appointment of such receiver and the entry by him upon his duties, in case the applicant shall have procured such appointment wrongfully, maliciously or without sufficient cause; and the court may, in its discretion, at any time after said appointment, require an additional undertaking.
History:
[(8-603) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 343; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 4331; C.S., sec. 6819; I.C.A., sec. 6-603.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 8 - PROVISIONAL REMEDIES IN CIVIL ACTIONS › Chapter 6 - RECEIVERS › Section 8-604 - OATH AND BOND OF RECEIVER.

8-604. OATH AND BOND OF RECEIVER. Before entering upon his duties the receiver must be sworn to perform them faithfully, and with one (1) or more sureties, approved by the court or judge, execute an undertaking, to such person and in such sum as the court or judge may direct, to the effect that he will faithfully discharge the duties of receiver in the action, and obey the orders of the court therein.
History:
[(8-604) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 344; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 4332; C.S., sec. 6820; I.C.A., sec. 6-604.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 8 - PROVISIONAL REMEDIES IN CIVIL ACTIONS › Chapter 6 - RECEIVERS › Section 8-605 - POWERS OF RECEIVER.

8-605. POWERS OF RECEIVER. The receiver has, under the control of the court, power to bring and defend actions in his own name, as receiver; to take and keep possession of the property, to receive rents, collect debts, to compound for and compromise the same, to make transfers, and generally to do such acts respecting the property as the court may authorize.
History:
[(8-605) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 345; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 4333; C.S., sec. 6821; I.C.A., sec. 6-605.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 8 - PROVISIONAL REMEDIES IN CIVIL ACTIONS › Chapter 6 - RECEIVERS › Section 8-606 - INVESTMENT OF FUNDS.

8-606. INVESTMENT OF FUNDS. Funds in the hands of a receiver may be invested upon interest, by order of the court; but no such order can be made except upon the consent of all the parties to the action.
History:
[(8-606) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 346; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 4334; C.S., sec. 6822; I.C.A., sec. 6-606.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 8 - PROVISIONAL REMEDIES IN CIVIL ACTIONS › Chapter 7 - DEPOSIT IN COURT › Section 8-701 - WHEN DEPOSIT MAY BE ORDERED.

8-701. WHEN DEPOSIT MAY BE ORDERED. When it is admitted by the pleading, or shown upon the examination of a party, that he has in his possession, or under his control, any money or other thing capable of delivery, which, being the subject of litigation, is held by him as trustee for another party, or which belongs or is due to another party, the court may order the same, upon motion, to be deposited in court or delivered to such party, upon such conditions as may be just, subject to the further direction of the court.
History:
[(8-701) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 347; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 4339; C.S., sec. 6823; I.C.A., sec. 6-701.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 8 - PROVISIONAL REMEDIES IN CIVIL ACTIONS › Chapter 7 - DEPOSIT IN COURT › Section 8-702 - CUSTODY OF MONEY DEPOSITED.

8-702. CUSTODY OF MONEY DEPOSITED. If the money is deposited in court it must be paid to the clerk, who must deposit it with the county treasurer, by him to be held subject to the order of the court. For the safe keeping of the money deposited with him the treasurer is liable on his official bond.
History:
[(8-702) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 348; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 4340; C.S., sec. 6824; I.C.A., sec. 6-702.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 8 - PROVISIONAL REMEDIES IN CIVIL ACTIONS › Chapter 7 - DEPOSIT IN COURT › Section 8-703 - ENFORCEMENT OF ORDER FOR DEPOSIT.

8-703. ENFORCEMENT OF ORDER FOR DEPOSIT. Whenever, in the exercise of its authority, a court has ordered the deposit or delivery of money, or other thing, and the order is disobeyed, the court, besides punishing the disobedience, may make an order requiring the sheriff to take the money, or thing, and deposit or deliver it in conformity with the direction of the court.
History:
[(8-703) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 349; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 4341; C.S., sec. 6825; I.C.A., sec. 6-703.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 8 - PROVISIONAL REMEDIES IN CIVIL ACTIONS › Chapter 7 - DEPOSIT IN COURT › Section 8-704 - WAGE ASSIGNMENT FOR CHILD SUPPORT.

8-704. WAGE ASSIGNMENT FOR CHILD SUPPORT. In any proceeding where the court has ordered either or both parents to pay any amount for the support of a minor child, the court may order either parent or both parents to assign such sum as the court may determine to be equitable to the county clerk, probation officer, or other officer of the court or county officer designated by the court to receive such payment, that portion of salary or wages of either parent due in the future to apply on the amount ordered by the court for the support and maintenance of the minor child. Such order shall be binding upon an employer upon the service of a copy of such order upon such employer and until further order of the court. Any such order may be modified or revoked at any time by the court. Any such assignment made pursuant to court order shall have priority as against any attachment, execution, or other assignment, unless otherwise ordered by the court.
History:
[8-704, added 1977, ch. 90, sec. 1, p. 184.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 8 - PROVISIONAL REMEDIES IN CIVIL ACTIONS › Chapter 7 - DEPOSIT IN COURT › Section 8-705 - WAGE ASSIGNMENT FOR SUPPORT AND CARE OF DELINQUENT CHILD.

8-705. WAGE ASSIGNMENT FOR SUPPORT AND CARE OF DELINQUENT CHILD. In any proceeding where the court has ordered a parent or custodian to pay any amount for the care, support or maintenance of a child adjudged to be within the purview of chapter 5, title 20, Idaho Code, and through the adjudication has rendered a liability upon the parent or custodian to pay damages or to pay for the child’s support and care, the following procedure may be utilized for collection. The court may order the parent or custodian to assign a sum as the court may determine to be equitable or as may otherwise be provided by statute or contract to the county clerk, probation officer or other office of the court or county officer designated by the court to receive such payment. The assignment shall be that portion of salary or wages of the parent or custodian the court deems would be due in the future to apply on the amount ordered by the court for the care, support or maintenance of the delinquent child or for breach of contract caused by the child’s delinquency. The order shall be binding upon an employer and until further order of the court. Any such order may be modified or revoked at any time by the court. Any such assignment made pursuant to court order shall have priority as against any attachment, execution or other assignment, unless otherwise ordered by the court. All sums collected pursuant to the provisions of this section shall be remitted as may be provided by law.
History:
[8-705, added 1989, ch. 155, sec. 15, p. 395; am. 2004, ch. 23, sec. 1, p. 26; am. 2012, ch. 257, sec. 1, p. 709.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 1 - JUDICIAL KNOWLEDGE › Section 9-101 - FACTS JUDICIALLY NOTICED.

9-101. FACTS JUDICIALLY NOTICED. Courts take judicial notice of the following facts:
1. The true signification of all English words and phrases, and of legal expressions.
2. Whatever is established by law.
3. Public and private official acts of the legislative, executive and judicial departments of this state and of the United States.
4. The seals of all the courts of this state and of the United States.
5. The accession to office and the official signatures and seals of office of the principal officers of government in the legislative, executive and judicial departments of this state and of the United States.
6. The existence, title, national flag, and seal of every state or sovereign recognized by the executive power of the United States.
7. The seals of courts of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction, and of notaries public.
8. The laws of nature, the measure of time, and the geographical divisions and political history of the world. In all these cases the court may resort for its aid to appropriate books or documents of reference.
History:
[(9-101) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 896; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5950; C.S., sec. 7933; I.C.A., sec. 16-101.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 1 - JUDICIAL KNOWLEDGE › Section 9-102 - QUESTIONS OF LAW ADDRESSED TO COURT.

9-102. QUESTIONS OF LAW ADDRESSED TO COURT. All questions of law arising upon the trial, including the admissibility of testimony, the facts preliminary to such admission, and the construction of statutes and other writings, and other rules of evidence, are to be decided by the court when submitted and before the trial proceeds, and all discussions of law are to be addressed to the court. Whenever the knowledge of the court is by this chapter made evidence of a fact, the court is to declare such knowledge to the jury, who are bound to accept it.
History:
[(9-102) R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5951; C.S., sec. 7934; I.C.A., sec. 16-102.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 2 - WITNESSES › Section 9-201 - WHO MAY BE WITNESSES — CREDIBILITY OF WITNESSES.

9-201. WHO MAY BE WITNESSES — CREDIBILITY OF WITNESSES. All persons, without exception, otherwise than is specified in the next two (2) sections, who, having organs of sense, can perceive, and, perceiving, can make known their perceptions to others, may be witnesses. Therefore, neither parties nor other persons who have an interest in the event of an action or proceeding are excluded; nor those who have been convicted of crime; nor persons on account of their opinions on matters of religious belief; although in every case the credibility of the witness may be drawn in question, by the manner in which he testifies, by the character of his testimony, or by evidence affecting his character for truth, honesty or integrity, or his motives, or by contradictory evidence; and the jury are the exclusive judges of his credibility.
History:
[(9-201) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 897; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5956; C.S., sec. 7935; I.C.A., sec. 16-201.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 2 - WITNESSES › Section 9-202 - WHO MAY NOT TESTIFY.

9-202. WHO MAY NOT TESTIFY. The following persons cannot be witnesses:
1. Those who are of unsound mind at the time of their production for examination.
2. Children under ten (10) years of age, who appear incapable of receiving just impressions of the facts respecting which they are examined, or of relating them truly. At the time a child under the age of ten (10) years of age is called to testify in any court proceeding, the court shall conduct a hearing in chambers to determine whether the child qualifies as a witness under this section. In conducting such hearing the court shall take every reasonable means necessary to prevent intimidation or harassment of the child by the parties or their attorneys. The judge, rather than the parties, shall examine the child but he shall do so in the presence of the parties and he shall pose to the child any reasonable questions requested by the parties and previously submitted to the court. The judge may rephrase any questions so that the child is not intimidated.
3. Parties or assignors of parties to an action or proceeding, or persons in whose behalf an action or proceeding is prosecuted against an executor or administrator, upon a claim or demand against the estate of a deceased person, as to any communication or agreement, not in writing, occurring before the death of such deceased person.
History:
[(9-202) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 898; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5957; C.S., sec. 7936; am. 1927, ch. 51, sec. 1, p. 67; I.C.A., sec. 16-202; am. 1947, ch. 12, sec. 1, p. 12; 1965, ch. 113, sec. 1, p. 219; am. 1985, ch. 215, sec. 1, p. 524.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 2 - WITNESSES › Section 9-203A - CONFIDENTIAL COMMUNICATIONS WITH ACCOUNTANTS.

9-203A. CONFIDENTIAL COMMUNICATIONS WITH ACCOUNTANTS. 1. Any licensed public accountant, or certified public accountant, cannot, without the consent of his client, be examined as a witness as to any communication made by the client to him, or his advice given thereon in the course of professional employment.
2. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection 1 of this section, as part of a proceeding or investigation conducted by the board of accountancy or quality review program required, implemented, conducted or approved by the board of accountancy, a certified public accountant or a licensed public accountant may be examined and may disclose any communication made by a client to the certified public accountant or licensed public accountant, or any advice given by that accountant in the course of his professional employment.
3. Any person participating in a proceeding or investigation by the board of accountancy or in the conduct of a quality review program required, implemented, conducted or approved by the board of accountancy shall only be entitled to use the information disclosed by the certified public accountant or licensed public accountant for purposes related to the proceeding, investigation or quality review program and otherwise cannot, without the consent of the accountant’s client disclose or be examined regarding the information obtained from the accountant in the course of the proceeding, investigation or quality review program except in connection with the proceeding, investigation or quality review program. In addition, any person participating in the proceeding, investigation or quality review program cannot, without the consent of the accountant’s client, disclose or be examined regarding their analysis of the information provided by the accountant pursuant to the proceeding, investigation or quality review program, except in connection with the proceeding, investigation or quality review program.
4. The word "client" used herein shall be deemed to include a person, a corporation or an association. The word "communication" as used herein shall be deemed to include but shall not be limited to, reports, financial statements, tax returns, or other documents relating to the client’s personal and/or business financial status, whether or not said reports or documents were prepared by the client, the licensed public accountant or certified public accountant, or other person who prepared said documents at the direction of and under the supervision of said accountants.
History:
[9-203A, added 1978, ch. 262, sec. 1, p. 570; am. 1989, ch. 149, sec. 1, p. 359.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 2 - WITNESSES › Section 9-204 - JUDGE OR JUROR MAY TESTIFY.

9-204. JUDGE OR JUROR MAY TESTIFY. The judge himself, or any juror, may be called as a witness by either party, but in such case it is in the discretion of the court to order the trial to be postponed or suspended, and to take place before another judge or jury.
History:
[(9-204) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 900; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5959; C.S., sec. 7938; I.C.A., sec. 16-204.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 2 - WITNESSES › Section 9-205 - INTERPRETERS.

9-205. INTERPRETERS. In any civil or criminal action in which any witness or a party does not understand or speak the English language, or who has a physical disability which prevents him from fully hearing or speaking the English language, then the court shall appoint a qualified interpreter to interpret the proceedings to and the testimony of such witness or party. Upon appointment of such interpreter, the court may have the interpreter served with a subpoena as other witnesses, and such interpreter shall be sworn to accurately and fully interpret the testimony given at the hearing or trial to the best of his ability before assuming his duties as an interpreter. The court shall determine a reasonable fee for all such interpreter services which shall be paid out of the district court fund.
History:
[9-205, added 1975, ch. 64, sec. 2, p. 130; am. 1994, ch. 215, sec. 1, p. 673; am. 2010, ch. 235, sec. 2, p. 542; am. 2023, ch. 77, sec. 1, p. 264.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 2 - WITNESSES › Section 9-206 - DECEASED OR ABSENT WITNESSES — TRANSCRIBED TESTIMONY ADMISSIBLE.

9-206. DECEASED OR ABSENT WITNESSES — TRANSCRIBED TESTIMONY ADMISSIBLE. The testimony of a witness who testified at the trial in an action or proceeding in any district court of the State of Idaho, when transcribed and certified to be true or correct by the court reporter reporting such testimony at such trial or proceeding, shall be admissible at any subsequent trial between the same parties and relating to the same subject matter, when such witness is deceased, absent from the state or otherwise unavailable or unable to testify as a witness.
History:
[9-206, added 1945, ch. 16, sec. 1, p. 25.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 2 - WITNESSES › Section 9-207 - ADMISSIBILITY OF EXPRESSIONS OF APOLOGY, CONDOLENCE AND SYMPATHY.

9-207. ADMISSIBILITY OF EXPRESSIONS OF APOLOGY, CONDOLENCE AND SYMPATHY. (1) In any civil action brought by or on behalf of a patient who experiences an unanticipated outcome of medical care, or in any arbitration proceeding related to, or in lieu of, such civil action, all statements and affirmations, whether in writing or oral, and all gestures or conduct expressing apology, sympathy, commiseration, condolence, compassion, or a general sense of benevolence, including any accompanying explanation, made by a health care professional or an employee of a health care professional to a patient or family member or friend of a patient, which relate to the care provided to the patient, or which relate to the discomfort, pain, suffering, injury, or death of the patient as the result of the unanticipated outcome of medical care shall be inadmissible as evidence for any reason including, but not limited to, as an admission of liability or as evidence of an admission against interest.
(2) A statement of fault which is otherwise admissible and is part of or in addition to a statement identified in subsection (1) of this section shall be admissible.
(3) For the purposes of this section, unless the context otherwise requires:
(a) "Health care professional" means any person licensed, certified, or registered by the state of Idaho to deliver health care and any clinic, hospital, nursing home, ambulatory surgical center or other place in which health care is provided. The term also includes any professional corporation or other professional entity comprised of such health care professionals as permitted by the laws of Idaho.
(b) "Unanticipated outcome" means the outcome of a medical treatment or procedure that differs from an expected, hoped for or desired result.
History:
[9-207, added 2006, ch. 204, sec. 1, p. 624.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-303 - STATUTES — CLASSIFICATION — PUBLIC OR PRIVATE.

9-303. STATUTES — CLASSIFICATION — PUBLIC OR PRIVATE. Statutes are public or private. A private statute is one which concerns only certain designated individuals, and affects only their private rights. All other statutes are public, in which are included statutes creating or affecting corporations.
History:
[(9-303) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 904; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5967; C.S., sec. 7942; I.C.A., sec. 16-303.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-304 - PROOF OF STATUTES ACT — PUBLICATIONS COVERED.

9-304. PROOF OF STATUTES ACT — PUBLICATIONS COVERED. Printed books or pamphlets purporting on their face to be the session or other statutes of any of the United States, or the territories thereof, or of any foreign jurisdiction, and to have been printed and published by the authority of any such state, territory or foreign jurisdiction or proved to be commonly recognized in its courts, shall be received in the courts of this state as prima facie evidence of such statutes.
History:
[9-304, added 1935, ch. 149, sec. 1, p. 367.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-305 - PROOF OF STATUTES ACT — UNIFORMITY OF INTERPRETATION.

9-305. PROOF OF STATUTES ACT — UNIFORMITY OF INTERPRETATION. This act shall be so interpreted and construed as to effectuate its general purposes to make uniform the law of those states which enact it.
History:
[9-305, added 1935, ch. 149, sec. 2, p. 367.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-306 - PROOF OF STATUTES ACT — SHORT TITLE.

9-306. PROOF OF STATUTES ACT — SHORT TITLE. This act may be cited as the Uniform Proof of Statutes Act.
History:
[9-306, added 1935, ch. 149, sec. 3, p. 367.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-307 - CERTIFIED COPIES OF FOREIGN LAWS AND WRITINGS — ADMISSIBILITY.

9-307. CERTIFIED COPIES OF FOREIGN LAWS AND WRITINGS — ADMISSIBILITY. A copy of the written law, or other public writing, of any state, territory or country, attested by the certificate of the officer having charge of the original, under the public seal of the state, territory or country, is admissible as evidence of such law or writing.
History:
[(9-307) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 907; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5970; C.S., sec. 7945; I.C.A., sec. 16-305.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-308 - ORAL EVIDENCE OF COMMON LAW — REPORTS OF DECISIONS.

9-308. ORAL EVIDENCE OF COMMON LAW — REPORTS OF DECISIONS. The oral testimony of witnesses skilled therein is admissible as evidence of the unwritten law of another state, territory or foreign country, as are also printed and published books of reports of decisions of the courts of such state, territory or country, commonly admitted in such courts.
History:
[(9-308) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 908; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5971; C.S., sec. 7946; I.C.A., sec. 16-306.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-309 - RECITALS IN STATUTES — CONCLUSIVENESS.

9-309. RECITALS IN STATUTES — CONCLUSIVENESS. The recitals in a public statute are conclusive evidence of the facts recited for the purpose of carrying it into effect, but no further. The recitals in a private statute are conclusive evidence between parties who claim under its provisions, but no further.
History:
[(9-309) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 909; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5972; C.S., sec. 7947; I.C.A., sec. 16-307.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-310 - JUDICIAL RECORD DEFINED.

9-310. JUDICIAL RECORD DEFINED. A judicial record is the record or official entry of the proceedings in a court of justice, or of the official act of a judicial officer, in an action or special proceeding.
History:
[(9-310) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 910; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5973; C.S., sec. 7948; I.C.A., sec. 16-308.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-311 - PUBLIC WRITINGS — CLASSIFICATION.

9-311. PUBLIC WRITINGS — CLASSIFICATION. Public writings are divided into four classes:
1. Laws.
2. Judicial records.
3. Other official documents.
4. Public records kept in this state of private writings.
History:
[(9-311) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 905; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5968; C.S., sec. 7943; I.C.A., sec. 16-309.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-312 - AUTHENTICATION OF JUDICIAL RECORD.

9-312. AUTHENTICATION OF JUDICIAL RECORD. A judicial record of this state, or of the United States, may be proved by the production of the original, or by a copy thereof, certified by the clerk or other person having the legal custody thereof. That of another state or territory may be proved by the attestation of the clerk and the seal of the court annexed, if there be a clerk and seal, together with a certificate of the chief judge or presiding magistrate, that the attestation is in due form.
History:
[(9-312) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 911; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5974; C.S., sec. 7949; I.C.A., sec. 16-310.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-313 - AUTHENTICATION OF JUDICIAL RECORD OF FOREIGN COUNTRY.

9-313. AUTHENTICATION OF JUDICIAL RECORD OF FOREIGN COUNTRY. A judicial record of a foreign country may be proved by the attestation of the clerk, with the seal of the court annexed, if there be a clerk and seal, or of the legal keeper of the record, with the seal of his office annexed, if there be a seal, together with a certificate of the chief judge, or presiding magistrate, that the person making the attestation is the clerk of the court or the legal keeper of the record, and in either case that the signature of such person is genuine, and that the attestation is in due form. The signature of the chief judge, or presiding magistrate, must be authenticated by the certificate of the minister or ambassador, or a consul, vice consul, or consular agent of the United States in such foreign country.
History:
[(9-313) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 912; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5975; C.S., sec. 7950; I.C.A., sec. 16-311.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-314 - COMPARED COPY OF FOREIGN RECORD — ADMISSIBILITY IN EVIDENCE.

9-314. COMPARED COPY OF FOREIGN RECORD — ADMISSIBILITY IN EVIDENCE. A copy of the judicial record of a foreign country is also admissible in evidence, upon proof:
1. That the copy offered has been compared by the witness with the original and is an exact transcript of the whole of it.
2. That such original was in the custody of the clerk of the court, or other legal keeper of the same; and
3. That the copy is duly attested by a seal which is proved to be the seal of the court where the record remains, if it be the record of a court, or if there be no such seal, or if it be not the record of a court, by the signature of the legal keeper of the original.
History:
[(9-314) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 913; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5976; C.S., sec. 7951; I.C.A., sec. 16-312.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-315 - PROOF OF OTHER OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS.

9-315. PROOF OF OTHER OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS. Other official documents may be proved as follows:
1. Acts of the executive of this state, by the records; and of the United States, by the records of the departments of the United States, certified by an officer or employee of those departments, showing that the document is a true and correct copy of the original held by that department. They may also be proved by public documents, printed by the order of the legislature or congress, or either house thereof.
2. The proceedings of the legislature of this state, or of congress, by the journals of those bodies respectively, or either house thereof, or by published statutes or resolutions, or by copies certified by the clerk, or printed by their order.
3. The acts of the executive, or the proceedings of the legislature, of another state or territory in the same manner.
4. The acts of the executive, or the proceedings of the legislature of a foreign country, by journals published by their authority, or commonly received in that country as such, or by a copy certified under the seal of the country or sovereign, or by a recognition thereof, in some public act of the executive of the United States.
5. Acts of a municipal corporation of this state, or of a board or department thereof, by a copy, certified by the legal keeper thereof, or by a printed book, published by the authority of such corporation.
6. Documents of any other class in this state, by the original, or by a copy, certified by the legal keeper thereof.
7. Documents of any other class from another state or territory, by the original, or by a copy, certified by the legal keeper thereof, in such a manner that the court is satisfied that the document is, in all likelihood, a copy of an official document from another state or territory.
8. Documents of any other class in a foreign country, by the original, or by a copy, certified by the legal keeper thereof, with a certificate under seal, of the country or sovereign, that the document is a valid and subsisting document of such country, and that the copy is duly certified by the officer having the legal custody of the original.
9. Documents in the departments of the United States government, by the certificate of the legal custodian thereof.
10. The above requirements notwithstanding, if in the discretion of the court the document, or copy thereof, whichever is being submitted for admission into evidence, is an unaltered official document of any agency or department of the state of Idaho or of any other state, then such document may be admitted into evidence.
History:
[(9-315) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 914; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5977; C.S., sec. 7952; I.C.A., sec. 16-313; am. 1980, ch. 294, sec. 1, p. 765.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-316 - OFFICIAL REPORTS AS EVIDENCE ACT.

9-316. OFFICIAL REPORTS AS EVIDENCE ACT. Written reports or findings of fact made by officers of this state, on a matter within the scope of their duty as defined by statute, shall, insofar as relevant, be admitted as evidence of the matters stated therein.
History:
[9-316, added 1939, ch. 105, sec. 1, p. 174.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-317 - OFFICIAL REPORTS AS EVIDENCE — NOTICE BEFORE TRIAL.

9-317. OFFICIAL REPORTS AS EVIDENCE — NOTICE BEFORE TRIAL. Such report or finding shall be admissible only if the party offering it has delivered a copy of it, or so much thereof as may relate to the controversy, to the adverse party a reasonable time before trial, unless in the opinion of the trial court the adverse party has not been unfairly surprised by the failure to deliver such copy.
History:
[9-317, added 1939, ch. 105, sec. 2, p. 174.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-318 - OFFICIAL REPORTS AS EVIDENCE — CROSS-EXAMINATION.

9-318. OFFICIAL REPORTS AS EVIDENCE — CROSS-EXAMINATION. Any adverse party may cross-examine any person making such reports or findings or any person furnishing information used therein; but the fact that such testimony may not be obtainable shall not affect the admissibility of the report or finding, unless, in the opinion of the court, the adverse party is unfairly prejudiced thereby.
History:
[9-318, added 1939, ch. 105, sec. 3, p. 174.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-319 - OFFICIAL REPORTS AS EVIDENCE — UNIFORMITY OF INTERPRETATION OF ACT.

9-319. OFFICIAL REPORTS AS EVIDENCE — UNIFORMITY OF INTERPRETATION OF ACT. This act shall be so interpreted and construed as to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law of those states which enact it.
History:
[9-319, added 1939, ch. 105, sec. 4, p. 174.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-320 - OFFICIAL REPORTS AS EVIDENCE — SHORT TITLE OF ACT.

9-320. OFFICIAL REPORTS AS EVIDENCE — SHORT TITLE OF ACT. This act may be cited as the Uniform Official Reports as Evidence Act.
History:
[9-320, added 1939, ch. 105, sec. 5, p. 174.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-321 - PUBLIC RECORD OF PRIVATE WRITING — HOW PROVED.

9-321. PUBLIC RECORD OF PRIVATE WRITING — HOW PROVED. A public record of a private writing may be proved by the original record, or by a copy thereof, certified by the legal keeper of the record.
History:
[(9-321) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 915; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5978; C.S., sec. 7953; I.C.A., sec. 16-314.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-322 - ENTRIES IN PUBLIC AND OFFICIAL BOOKS — EFFECT AS PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE.

9-322. ENTRIES IN PUBLIC AND OFFICIAL BOOKS — EFFECT AS PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE. Entries in public or other official books or records, made in the performance of his duty by a public officer of this state, or by another person in the performance of a duty specially enjoined by law, are prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.
History:
[(9-322) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 916; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5979; C.S., sec. 7954; I.C.A., sec. 16-315.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-323 - TRANSCRIPT OF DOCKET OF JUSTICE OF ANOTHER STATE — ADMISSIBILITY.

9-323. TRANSCRIPT OF DOCKET OF JUSTICE OF ANOTHER STATE — ADMISSIBILITY. A transcript from the record or docket of a justice of the peace of another state or territory of a judgment rendered by him, of the proceedings in the action before the judgment, of the execution and return, if any, subscribed by the justice and verified in the manner prescribed in the next section, is admissible evidence of the facts stated therein.
History:
[(9-323) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 917; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5980; C.S., sec. 7955; I.C.A., sec. 16-316.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-324 - PROOF OF TRANSCRIPT — CERTIFICATE OF JUSTICE AND CLERK — PROOF OF JUDGMENT BY JUSTICE IN PERSON.

9-324. PROOF OF TRANSCRIPT — CERTIFICATE OF JUSTICE AND CLERK — PROOF OF JUDGMENT BY JUSTICE IN PERSON. There must be attached to the transcript a certificate of the justice that the transcript is in all respects correct, and that he had jurisdiction of the action, and also a further certificate of the clerk or prothonotary of the county in which the justice resided at the time of rendering the judgment, under seal of the county, or the seal of the court of common pleas, or county court, or court of general jurisdiction thereof, certifying that the person subscribing the transcript was, at the date of the judgment, a justice of the peace in the county, and that the signature is genuine. Such judgment, proceedings and jurisdiction may also be proved by the justice himself, on the production of his docket, or by a copy of the judgment, and his oral examination as a witness.
History:
[(9-324) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 918; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5981; C.S., sec. 7956; I.C.A., sec. 16-317.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-325 - CERTIFIED COPIES OF WRITINGS.

9-325. CERTIFIED COPIES OF WRITINGS. Whenever a copy of a writing is certified for the purposes of evidence, the certificate must state in substance, that the copy is a correct copy of the original, or of a specified part thereof, as the case may be. The certificate must be under the official seal of the certifying officer, if there be any, or if he be a clerk of a court having a seal, under the seal of such court.
History:
[(9-325) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 919; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5982; C.S., sec. 7957; I.C.A., sec. 16-318.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-326 - CERTIFICATE OF PURCHASE OR LOCATION OF LANDS — EFFECT AS EVIDENCE.

9-326. CERTIFICATE OF PURCHASE OR LOCATION OF LANDS — EFFECT AS EVIDENCE. A certificate of purchase, or of location, of any lands in this state, issued or made in pursuance of any law of the United States, is primary evidence that the holder or assignee of such certificate is the owner of the land described therein; but this evidence may be overcome by proof that, at the time of the location, or time of filing a preemption claim on which the certificate may have been issued, the land was in the adverse possession of the adverse party, or those under whom he claims, or that the adverse party is holding the land for mining purposes.
History:
[(9-326) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 920; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5983; C.S., sec. 7958; I.C.A., sec. 16-319.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-327 - ENTRIES BY OFFICERS — EFFECT AS EVIDENCE.

9-327. ENTRIES BY OFFICERS — EFFECT AS EVIDENCE. An entry made by an officer, or board of officers, or under the direction and in the presence of either, in the course of official duty, is prima facie evidence of the facts stated in such entry.
History:
[(9-327) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 921; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5984; C.S., sec. 7959; I.C.A., sec. 16-320.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-333 - ADMISSIBILITY IN EVIDENCE OF COPIES OF DESTROYED RECORDS.

9-333. ADMISSIBILITY IN EVIDENCE OF COPIES OF DESTROYED RECORDS. The photostatic, photographic, microphotographic or microfilmed copy of any such record destroyed or disposed of as herein authorized, or a certified copy thereof, shall be admissible in evidence in any court or proceeding, and shall have the same force and effect as though the original record had been produced and proved. It shall be the duty of the custodian of such records to prepare enlarged typed or photographic copies of the records whenever their production is required by law.
History:
[9-333, added 1957, ch. 206, sec. 3, p. 433.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 3 - PUBLIC WRITINGS › Section 9-334 - COPIES OF RECORDS TO BE IN DUPLICATE — ONE COPY FOR DISPLAY PURPOSES, THE OTHER PLACED IN FIREPROOF VAULT.

9-334. COPIES OF RECORDS TO BE IN DUPLICATE — ONE COPY FOR DISPLAY PURPOSES, THE OTHER PLACED IN FIREPROOF VAULT. Whenever any record or document is copied or reproduced by microphotographic, microfilm, or other mechanical process as provided in this section, it shall be made in duplicate, and the custodian thereof shall place one copy in a fireproof vault or fireproof storage place, and he shall retain the other copy in his office with suitable equipment for displaying such record by projection to not less than its original size or for preparing, for persons entitled thereto, copies of the record.
History:
[9-334, added 1957, ch. 206, sec. 4, p. 433; am. 2022, ch. 111, sec. 7, p. 371.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 4 - PRIVATE WRITINGS › Section 9-401 - PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SEALS.

9-401. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SEALS. A public seal in this state is a stamp or impression, made by a public officer with an instrument provided by law, to attest the execution of an official or public document, upon the paper or upon any substance attached to the paper, which is capable of receiving a visible impression. A private seal may be made in the same manner by any instrument, or it may be made by the scroll of a pen, or by writing the word "seal" against the signature of the writer. A scroll or other sign made in another state or territory or foreign country, and there recognized as a seal, must be so regarded in this state.
History:
[(9-401) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 922; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5989; C.S., sec. 7960; I.C.A., sec. 16-401.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 4 - PRIVATE WRITINGS › Section 9-402 - HISTORICAL WORKS — BOOKS OF SCIENCE OR ART — PUBLISHED MAPS OR CHARTS — EFFECT AS EVIDENCE.

9-402. HISTORICAL WORKS — BOOKS OF SCIENCE OR ART — PUBLISHED MAPS OR CHARTS — EFFECT AS EVIDENCE. Historical works, books of science or art, and published maps or charts, when made by persons indifferent between the parties, are prima facie evidence of facts of general notoriety and interest.
History:
[(9-402) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 923; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5990; C.S., sec. 7961; I.C.A., sec. 16-402.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 4 - PRIVATE WRITINGS › Section 9-403 - NOTICE TO PRODUCE WRITING — PROOF UPON FAILURE TO PRODUCE — WHEN NOTICE NOT NECESSARY.

9-403. NOTICE TO PRODUCE WRITING — PROOF UPON FAILURE TO PRODUCE — WHEN NOTICE NOT NECESSARY. If the writing be in the custody of the adverse party, he must first have reasonable notice to produce it. If he then fail to do so, the contents of the writing may be proved as in case of its loss. But the notice to produce it is not necessary where the writing is itself a notice, or where it has been wrongfully obtained or withheld by the adverse party.
History:
[(9-403) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 924; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5991; C.S., sec. 7962; I.C.A., sec. 16-403.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 4 - PRIVATE WRITINGS › Section 9-404 - WRITING NEED NOT BE INTRODUCED.

9-404. WRITING NEED NOT BE INTRODUCED. Though a writing called for by one party is produced by the other, and is thereupon inspected by the party calling for it, he is not obliged to produce it as evidence in the case.
History:
[(9-404) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 925; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5992; C.S., sec. 7963; I.C.A., sec. 16-404.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 4 - PRIVATE WRITINGS › Section 9-405 - PROOF OF WRITINGS.

9-405. PROOF OF WRITINGS. Any writing may be proved either:
1. By any one who saw the writing executed; or
2. By evidence of the genuineness of the handwriting of the maker; or
3. By a subscribing witness.
History:
[(9-405) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 926; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5993; C.S., sec. 7964; I.C.A., sec. 16-405.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 4 - PRIVATE WRITINGS › Section 9-406 - DENIAL BY SUBSCRIBING WITNESS — PROOF BY OTHER EVIDENCE.

9-406. DENIAL BY SUBSCRIBING WITNESS — PROOF BY OTHER EVIDENCE. If the subscribing witness denies or does not recollect the execution of the writing, its execution may still be proved by other evidence.
History:
[(9-406) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 927; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5994; C.S., sec. 7965; I.C.A., sec. 16-406.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 4 - PRIVATE WRITINGS › Section 9-407 - EVIDENCE OF ADMISSION OF EXECUTION.

9-407. EVIDENCE OF ADMISSION OF EXECUTION. Where, however, evidence is given that the party against whom the writing is offered, has at any time admitted its execution, no other evidence of the execution need be given, when the instrument is one produced from the custody of the adverse party, and has been acted upon by him as genuine.
History:
[(9-407) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 928; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5995; C.S., sec. 7966; I.C.A., sec. 16-407.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 4 - PRIVATE WRITINGS › Section 9-408 - ENTRIES MADE BY DECEDENT — WHEN ADMISSIBLE.

9-408. ENTRIES MADE BY DECEDENT — WHEN ADMISSIBLE. The entries and other writings of a decedent, made at or near the time of the transaction, and in a position to know the facts stated therein, may be read as prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein, in the following cases:
1. When the entry was made against the interest of the person making it.
2. When it was made in the professional capacity, and in the ordinary course of professional conduct.
3. When it was made in the performance of a duty specially enjoined by law.
History:
[(9-408) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 929; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5996; C.S., sec. 7967; I.C.A., sec. 16-408.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 4 - PRIVATE WRITINGS › Section 9-409 - ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF PRIVATE WRITINGS.

9-409. ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF PRIVATE WRITINGS. Every private writing, except last wills and testaments, may be acknowledged or proved and certified in the manner provided for the acknowledgment or proof of conveyances of real property, and the certificate of such acknowledgment or proof is prima facie evidence of the execution of the writing, in the same manner as if it were a conveyance of real property.
History:
[(9-409) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 930; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5997; C.S., sec. 7968; I.C.A., sec. 16-409.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 4 - PRIVATE WRITINGS › Section 9-410 - INSTRUMENTS AFFECTING REALTY — CERTIFIED COPIES OF RECORD — ADMISSIBILITY.

9-410. INSTRUMENTS AFFECTING REALTY — CERTIFIED COPIES OF RECORD — ADMISSIBILITY. Every instrument conveying or affecting real property, acknowledged or proved, and certified, as provided by law, may, together with the certificate of acknowledgment or proof, be read in evidence in an action or proceeding, without further proof; and a certified copy of the record of such conveyance or instrument thus acknowledged or proved, may also be read in evidence, with the like effect as the original, on proof, by affidavit or otherwise, that the original is not in the possession or under the control of the party producing the certified copy.
History:
[(9-410) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 931; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5998; C.S., sec. 7969; I.C.A., sec. 16-410.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 9 - EVIDENCE › Chapter 4 - PRIVATE WRITINGS › Section 9-411 - SECONDARY EVIDENCE OF WRITINGS — WHEN ADMISSIBLE.

9-411. SECONDARY EVIDENCE OF WRITINGS — WHEN ADMISSIBLE. There can be no evidence of the contents of a writing other than the writing itself, except in the following cases:
1. When the original has been lost or destroyed; in which case proof of the loss or destruction must first be made.
2. When the original is in the possession of the party against whom the evidence is offered, and he fails to produce it after reasonable notice.
3. When the original is a record or other document in the custody of a public officer.
4. When the original has been recorded, and a certified copy of the record is made evidence by this code or other statutes.
5. When the original consists of numerous accounts or other documents which cannot be examined in court without great loss of time, and the evidence sought from them is only the general result of the whole.
6. When the original consists of medical charts or records of hospitals licensed in this state, and the provisions of section 9-420, Idaho Code, have been followed.
In the cases mentioned in subdivisions 3, 4 and 6, a copy of the original, or of the record, must be produced; in those mentioned in subdivisions 1 and 2, either a copy or oral evidence of the contents.
History:
[(9-411) C.C.P. 1881, sec. 932; R.S., R.C., & C.L., sec. 5999; C.S., sec. 7970; I.C.A., sec. 16-411; am. 1971, ch. 47, sec. 1, p. 100.]