2023 Illinois Compiled Statutes › Chapter 20 - EXECUTIVE BRANCH › 20 ILCS 1807/ - Illinois Code of Military Justice. › Part I - General Provisions

(20 ILCS 1807/Pt. I heading)
PART I.  GENERAL PROVISIONS
(Source: P.A. 99-796, eff. 1-1-17.)
(20 ILCS 1807/1)
Sec. 1. Article 1. Definitions; gender neutrality.
(a) In this Code, unless the context otherwise requires:
(1)    "Accuser" means a person who signs and swears     to charges, any person who directs that charges nominally be signed and sworn to by another, and any other person who has an interest other than an official interest in the prosecution of the accused.
(2)    "Cadet" or "candidate" means a person who is     enrolled in or attending a State military academy, a regional training institute, or any other formal education program for the purpose of becoming a commissioned officer in the State military forces.
(3) "Classified information" means:
(A)    any information or material that has been         determined by an official of the United States or any state pursuant to law, an Executive order, or regulation to require protection against unauthorized disclosure for reasons of national or state security, and
(B) any restricted data, as defined in Section         11(y) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2014(y)).
(4) "Code" means this Code.
(5)    "Commanding officer" includes only     commissioned or warrant officers of the State military forces and shall include officers in charge only when administering nonjudicial punishment under Article 15 of this Code. The term "commander" has the same meaning as "commanding officer" unless the context otherwise requires.
(6)    "Convening authority" includes, in addition to     the person who convened the court, a commissioned officer commanding for the time being or a successor in command to the convening authority.
(7)   "Day" for all purposes means calendar day     beginning at 0000 hours (12:00 a.m.) and ending at 2359 hours, 59 seconds (12:59, 59 seconds p.m.), and is not synonymous with the term "unit training assembly".  Any punishment authorized by this Article which is measured in terms of days shall, when served in a status other than annual field training, be construed to mean succeeding duty days.
(8)    "Duty status other than State active duty"     means any other type of military duty or training pursuant to a written order issued by authority of law under Title 32 of the United States Code or traditional Inactive Duty Training periods pursuant to 32 U.S.C. 502(a).
(9) "Enlisted member" means a person in an enlisted     grade.
(10)     "Judge advocate" means a commissioned     officer of the organized State military forces who is a member in good standing of the bar of the highest court of a state, and is:
(A) certified or designated as a judge advocate         in the Judge Advocate General's Corps of the Army, Air Force, Navy, or the Marine Corps or designated as a law specialist as an officer of the Coast Guard, or a reserve or National Guard component of one of these; or
(B)  certified as a non-federally recognized         judge advocate, under regulations adopted pursuant to this paragraph, by the senior judge advocate of the commander of the force in the State military forces of which the accused is a member, as competent to perform such military justice duties required by this Code. If there is no such judge advocate available, then such certification may be made by such senior judge advocate of the commander of another force in the State military forces, as the convening authority directs.
(11) "May" is used in a permissive sense.  The phrase     "no person may . . ." means that no person is required, authorized, or permitted to do the act prescribed.
(12) "Military court" means a court-martial or a     court of inquiry.
(13)     "Military judge" means an official of a     general or special court-martial detailed in accordance with Article 26 of this Code.
(14)    "Military offenses" means those offenses     proscribed under Articles 77 (Principals), 78 (Accessory after the fact), 80 (Attempts), 81 (Conspiracy), 82 (Solicitation), 83 (Fraudulent enlistment, appointment, or separation), 84 (Unlawful enlistment, appointment, or separation), 85 (Desertion), 86 (Absence without leave), 87 (Missing movement), 88 (Contempt toward officials), 89 (Disrespect towards superior commissioned officer), 90 (Assaulting or willfully disobeying superior commissioned officer), 91 (Insubordinate conduct toward warrant officer, noncommissioned officer, or petty officer), 92 (Failure to obey order or regulation), 93 (Cruelty and maltreatment), 94 (Mutiny or sedition), 95 (Resistance, flight, breach of arrest, and escape), 96 (Releasing prisoner without proper authority), 97 (Unlawful detention), 98 (Noncompliance with procedural rules), 99 (Misbehavior before the enemy), 100 (Subordinate compelling surrender), 101 (Improper use of countersign), 102 (Forcing a safeguard), 103 (Captured or abandoned property), 104 (Aiding the enemy), 105 (Misconduct as prisoner), 107 (False official statements), 108 (Military property: loss, damage, destruction, or wrongful disposition), 109 (Property other than military property: waste, spoilage, or destruction), 110 (Improper hazarding of vessel), 112 (Drunk on duty), 112a (Wrongful use, possession, etc., of controlled substances), 113 (Misbehavior of sentinel), 114 (Dueling), 115 (Malingering), 116 (Riot or breach of peace), 117 (Provoking speeches or gestures), 132 (Frauds against the government), 133 (Conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman), and 134 (General Article) of this Code.
(15)     "National security" means the national     defense and foreign relations of the United States.
(16) "Officer" means a commissioned or warrant     officer.
(17) "Officer in charge" means a member of the Navy,     the Marine Corps, or the Coast Guard designated as such by appropriate authority.
(18)     "Record", when used in connection with the     proceedings of a court-martial, means:
(A)    an official written transcript, written         summary, or other writing relating to the proceedings; or
(B)    an official audiotape, videotape, digital         image or file, or similar material from which sound, or sound and visual images, depicting the proceedings may be reproduced.
(19) "Shall" is used in an imperative sense.
(20) "State"   means   one   of the   several states,       the   District   of   Columbia,   the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, or the U.S. Virgin Islands.
(21)     "State active duty" means active duty in the     State military forces under an order of the Governor or the Adjutant General, or otherwise issued by authority of State law, and paid by State funds.
(22) "Senior force judge advocate" means the senior     judge advocate of the commander of the same force of the State military forces as the accused  and who is that commander's chief legal advisor.
(23) "State military forces" means the Illinois     National Guard, as defined in Title 32, United States Code and the Military Code of Illinois and any other military force organized under the Constitution and laws of this State, to include the Illinois State Guard when organized by the Governor as Commander-in-Chief under the Military Code of Illinois and the Illinois State Guard Act, and when not in a status subjecting  them to exclusive jurisdiction under Chapter 47 of Title 10, United States Code, and travel to and from such duty.
(24) "Superior commissioned officer" means a     commissioned officer superior in rank or command.
(25) "Senior force commander" means the commander of     the same force of the State military forces as the accused.
(b) The use of the masculine gender throughout this Code also includes the feminine gender.
(Source: P.A. 99-796, eff. 1-1-17.)
(20 ILCS 1807/2)
Sec. 2. Article 2. Persons subject to this Code; jurisdiction.
(a) This Code applies to all members of the State military forces during any day or portion of a day when in State active duty or in a duty status other than State active duty and at no other times.
(b) Subject  matter  jurisdiction  is  established  if  personal jurisdiction is established in subsection (a).  However, courts-martial have primary jurisdiction of military offenses as defined in paragraph (14) of subsection (a) of Article 1 of this Code.  A proper civilian court has primary jurisdiction of a non-military offense. When an act or omission violates both this Code and a state or local criminal law, foreign or domestic, a court-martial may be initiated only after the civilian authority has declined to prosecute or dismissed the charge, provided jeopardy has not attached.  Jurisdiction over attempted crimes, conspiracy crimes, solicitation, and accessory crimes must be determined by the underlying offense.
(Source: P.A. 99-796, eff. 1-1-17.)
(20 ILCS 1807/3)
Sec. 3. Article 3. Jurisdiction to try certain personnel.
(a)   Each person discharged from the State military forces who is later charged with having fraudulently obtained a discharge is, subject to Article 43 of this Code, subject to trial by court-martial on that charge and is, after apprehension, subject to this Code while in custody under the direction of the State military forces for that trial.  Upon conviction of that charge that person is subject to trial by court-martial for all offenses under this Code committed before the fraudulent discharge.
(b)    No  person  who  has  deserted  from  the  State  military  forces  may  be  relieved  from amenability to the jurisdiction of this Code by virtue of a separation from any later period of service.
(Source: P.A. 99-796, eff. 1-1-17.)
(20 ILCS 1807/4)
Sec. 4. Article 4.  (Reserved).
(Source: P.A. 99-796, eff. 1-1-17.)
(20 ILCS 1807/5)
Sec. 5. Article 5. Territorial applicability of this Code.
(a)    This Code has applicability at all times and in all places, provided that there is jurisdiction over the person pursuant to subsection (a) of Article 2; however, this grant of military jurisdiction shall neither preclude nor limit civilian jurisdiction over an offense, which is limited only by subsection (b) of Article 2 and the prohibition of double jeopardy.
(b)    Courts-martial and courts of inquiry may be convened and held in units of the State military forces while those units are serving outside this State with the same jurisdiction and powers as to persons subject to this Code as if the proceedings were held inside this State, and offenses committed outside this State may be tried and punished either inside or outside this State.
(Source: P.A. 99-796, eff. 1-1-17.)
(20 ILCS 1807/6)
Sec. 6. Article 6.  Judge advocates.
(a)  The senior force judge advocates in each of the State's military forces or that judge advocate's delegates shall make frequent inspections in the field in supervision of the administration of military justice in that force.
(b)    Convening authorities shall at all times communicate directly with their judge advocates in matters relating to the administration of military justice.  The judge advocate of any command is entitled to communicate directly with the judge advocate of a superior or subordinate command, or with the State Judge Advocate.
(c)   No person who has acted as member, military judge, trial counsel, defense counsel, or investigating officer, or who has been a witness, in any case may later act as a judge advocate to any reviewing authority upon the same case.
(Source: P.A. 99-796, eff. 1-1-17.)
(20 ILCS 1807/6a)
Sec. 6a. Article 6a. Military judges. The Governor or the Adjutant General shall appoint at least one judge advocate officer from the active rolls of the Illinois National Guard who has been previously certified and qualified for duty as a military judge  by  the Judge Advocate General of the judge advocate officer's respective armed force under Article 26(b) of the federal Uniform Code of Military Justice to serve as a military judge under this Code. The military judge shall hold the rank of Major or above.
(Source: P.A. 99-796, eff. 1-1-17.)