reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 2 - EFFECTIVENESS OF SECURITY AGREEMENT — ATTACHMENT OF SECURITY INTEREST — RIGHTS OF PARTIES TO SECURITY AGREEMENT › Section 28-9-205 - USE OR DISPOSITION OF COLLATERAL PERMISSIBLE.

28-9-205. USE OR DISPOSITION OF COLLATERAL PERMISSIBLE. (a) A security interest is not invalid or fraudulent against creditors solely because:
(1) The debtor has the right or ability to:
(A) use, commingle or dispose of all or part of the collateral, including returned or repossessed goods;
(B) collect, compromise, enforce or otherwise deal with collateral;
(C) accept the return of collateral or make repossessions; or
(D) use, commingle or dispose of proceeds; or
(2) The secured party fails to require the debtor to account for proceeds or replace collateral.
(b) This section does not relax the requirements of possession if attachment, perfection or enforcement of a security interest depends upon possession of the collateral by the secured party.
History:
[28-9-205, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 724.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 2 - EFFECTIVENESS OF SECURITY AGREEMENT — ATTACHMENT OF SECURITY INTEREST — RIGHTS OF PARTIES TO SECURITY AGREEMENT › Section 28-9-206 - SECURITY INTEREST ARISING IN PURCHASE OR DELIVERY OF FINANCIAL ASSET.

28-9-206. SECURITY INTEREST ARISING IN PURCHASE OR DELIVERY OF FINANCIAL ASSET. (a) A security interest in favor of a securities intermediary attaches to a person’s security entitlement if:
(1) The person buys a financial asset through the securities intermediary in a transaction in which the person is obligated to pay the purchase price to the securities intermediary at the time of the purchase; and
(2) The securities intermediary credits the financial asset to the buyer’s securities account before the buyer pays the securities intermediary.
(b) The security interest described in subsection (a) of this section secures the person’s obligation to pay for the financial asset.
(c) A security interest in favor of a person that delivers a certificated security or other financial asset represented by a writing attaches to the security or other financial asset if:
(1) The security or other financial asset:
(A) in the ordinary course of business is transferred by delivery with any necessary indorsement or assignment; and
(B) is delivered under an agreement between persons in the business of dealing with such securities or financial assets; and
(2) The agreement calls for delivery against payment.
(d) The security interest described in subsection (c) of this section secures the obligation to make payment for the delivery.
History:
[28-9-206, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 724.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 2 - EFFECTIVENESS OF SECURITY AGREEMENT — ATTACHMENT OF SECURITY INTEREST — RIGHTS OF PARTIES TO SECURITY AGREEMENT › Section 28-9-207 - RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF SECURED PARTY HAVING POSSESSION OR CONTROL OF COLLATERAL.

28-9-207. RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF SECURED PARTY HAVING POSSESSION OR CONTROL OF COLLATERAL. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d) of this section, a secured party shall use reasonable care in the custody and preservation of collateral in the secured party’s possession. In the case of chattel paper or an instrument, reasonable care includes taking necessary steps to preserve rights against prior parties unless otherwise agreed.
(b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d) of this section, if a secured party has possession of collateral:
(1) Reasonable expenses, including the cost of insurance and payment of taxes or other charges, incurred in the custody, preservation, use or operation of the collateral are chargeable to the debtor and are secured by the collateral;
(2) The risk of accidental loss or damage is on the debtor to the extent of a deficiency in any effective insurance coverage;
(3) The secured party shall keep the collateral identifiable, but fungible collateral may be commingled; and
(4) The secured party may use or operate the collateral:
(A) for the purpose of preserving the collateral or its value;
(B) as permitted by an order of a court having competent jurisdiction; or
(C) except in the case of consumer goods, in the manner and to the extent agreed by the debtor.
(c) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d) of this section, a secured party having possession of collateral or control of collateral under section 28-7-106, 28-9-104, 28-9-105, 28-9-106 or 28-9-107:
(1) May hold as additional security any proceeds, except money or funds, received from the collateral;
(2) Shall apply money or funds received from the collateral to reduce the secured obligation, unless remitted to the debtor; and
(3) May create a security interest in the collateral.
(d) If the secured party is a buyer of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes or a consignor:
(1) Subsection (a) of this section does not apply unless the secured party is entitled under an agreement:
(A) to charge back uncollected collateral; or
(B) otherwise to full or limited recourse against the debtor or a secondary obligor based on the nonpayment or other default of an account debtor or other obligor on the collateral; and
(2) Subsections (b) and (c) of this section do not apply.
History:
[28-9-207, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 725; am. 2004, ch. 42, sec. 23, p. 126.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 2 - EFFECTIVENESS OF SECURITY AGREEMENT — ATTACHMENT OF SECURITY INTEREST — RIGHTS OF PARTIES TO SECURITY AGREEMENT › Section 28-9-209 - DUTIES OF SECURED PARTY IF ACCOUNT DEBTOR HAS BEEN NOTIFIED OF ASSIGNMENT.

28-9-209. DUTIES OF SECURED PARTY IF ACCOUNT DEBTOR HAS BEEN NOTIFIED OF ASSIGNMENT. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), this section applies if:
(1) There is no outstanding secured obligation; and
(2) The secured party is not committed to make advances, incur obligations, or otherwise give value.
(b) Within ten (10) days after receiving an authenticated demand by the debtor, a secured party shall send to an account debtor that has received notification of an assignment to the secured party as assignee under section 28-9-406(a) an authenticated record that releases the account debtor from any further obligation to the secured party.
(c) This section does not apply to an assignment constituting the sale of an account, chattel paper or payment intangible.
History:
[28-9-209, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 727.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-301 - LAW GOVERNING PERFECTION AND PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS.

28-9-301. LAW GOVERNING PERFECTION AND PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS. Except as otherwise provided in sections 28-9-303 through 28-9-306, the following rules determine the law governing perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in collateral:
(1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, while a debtor is located in a jurisdiction, the local law of that jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in collateral.
(2) While collateral is located in a jurisdiction, the local law of that jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a possessory security interest in that collateral.
(3) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (4) of this section, while tangible negotiable documents, goods, instruments, money or tangible chattel paper is located in a jurisdiction, the local law of that jurisdiction governs:
(A) Perfection of a security interest in the goods by filing a fixture filing;
(B) Perfection of a security interest in timber to be cut; and
(C) The effect of perfection or nonperfection and the priority of a nonpossessory security interest in the collateral.
(4) The local law of the jurisdiction in which the wellhead or minehead is located governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in as-extracted collateral.
History:
[28-9-301, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 728; am. 2004, ch. 42, sec. 25, p. 129.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-302 - LAW GOVERNING PERFECTION AND PRIORITY OF AGRICULTURAL LIENS.

28-9-302. LAW GOVERNING PERFECTION AND PRIORITY OF AGRICULTURAL LIENS. While farm products are located in a jurisdiction, the local law of that jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of an agricultural lien on the farm products.
History:
[28-9-302, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 728.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-303 - LAW GOVERNING PERFECTION AND PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN GOODS COVERED BY A CERTIFICATE OF TITLE.

28-9-303. LAW GOVERNING PERFECTION AND PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN GOODS COVERED BY A CERTIFICATE OF TITLE. (a) This section applies to goods covered by a certificate of title, even if there is no other relationship between the jurisdiction under whose certificate of title the goods are covered and the goods or the debtor.
(b) Goods become covered by a certificate of title when a valid application for the certificate of title and the applicable fee are delivered to the appropriate authority. Goods cease to be covered by a certificate of title at the earlier of the time the certificate of title ceases to be effective under the law of the issuing jurisdiction or the time the goods become covered subsequently by a certificate of title issued by another jurisdiction.
(c) The local law of the jurisdiction under whose certificate of title the goods are covered governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in goods covered by a certificate of title from the time the goods become covered by the certificate of title until the goods cease to be covered by the certificate of title.
History:
[28-9-303, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 728.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-304 - LAW GOVERNING PERFECTION AND PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN DEPOSIT ACCOUNTS.

28-9-304. LAW GOVERNING PERFECTION AND PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN DEPOSIT ACCOUNTS. (a) The local law of a bank’s jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in a deposit account maintained with that bank.
(b) The following rules determine a bank’s jurisdiction for purposes of this part:
(1) If an agreement between the bank and its customer governing the deposit account expressly provides that a particular jurisdiction is the bank’s jurisdiction for purposes of this part, this chapter, or the uniform commercial code, that jurisdiction is the bank’s jurisdiction.
(2) If paragraph (1) of this subsection does not apply and an agreement between the bank and its customer governing the deposit account expressly provides that the agreement is governed by the law of a particular jurisdiction, that jurisdiction is the bank’s jurisdiction.
(3) If neither paragraph (1) nor (2) of this subsection applies and an agreement between the bank and its customer governing the deposit account expressly provides that the deposit account is maintained at an office in a particular jurisdiction, that jurisdiction is the bank’s jurisdiction.
(4) If none of the preceding paragraphs apply, the bank’s jurisdiction is the jurisdiction in which the office identified in an account statement as the office serving the customer’s account is located.
(5) If none of the preceding paragraphs apply, the bank’s jurisdiction is the jurisdiction in which the chief executive office of the bank is located.
History:
[28-9-304, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 729; am. 2002, ch. 107, sec. 2, p. 300.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-306 - LAW GOVERNING PERFECTION AND PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN LETTER OF CREDIT RIGHTS.

28-9-306. LAW GOVERNING PERFECTION AND PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN LETTER OF CREDIT RIGHTS. (a) Subject to subsection (c) of this section, the local law of the issuer’s jurisdiction or a nominated person’s jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in a letter of credit right if the issuer’s jurisdiction or nominated person’s jurisdiction is a state.
(b) For purposes of this part, an issuer’s jurisdiction or nominated person’s jurisdiction is the jurisdiction whose law governs the liability of the issuer or nominated person with respect to the letter of credit right as provided in section 28-5-116.
(c) This section does not apply to a security interest that is perfected only under section 28-9-308(d).
History:
[28-9-306, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 730.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-308 - WHEN SECURITY INTEREST OR AGRICULTURAL LIEN IS PERFECTED — CONTINUITY OF PERFECTION.

28-9-308. WHEN SECURITY INTEREST OR AGRICULTURAL LIEN IS PERFECTED — CONTINUITY OF PERFECTION. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section and section 28-9-309, a security interest is perfected if it has attached and all of the applicable requirements for perfection in sections 28-9-310 through 28-9-316 have been satisfied. A security interest is perfected when it attaches if the applicable requirements are satisfied before the security interest attaches.
(b) An agricultural lien is perfected if it has become effective and all of the applicable requirements for perfection in section 28-9-310 have been satisfied. An agricultural lien is perfected when it becomes effective if the applicable requirements are satisfied before the agricultural lien becomes effective.
(c) A security interest or agricultural lien is perfected continuously if it is originally perfected by one (1) method under this chapter and is later perfected by another method under this chapter, without an intermediate period when it was unperfected.
(d) Perfection of a security interest in collateral also perfects a security interest in a supporting obligation for the collateral.
(e) Perfection of a security interest in a right to payment or performance also perfects a security interest in a security interest, mortgage or other lien on personal or real property securing the right.
(f) Perfection of a security interest in a securities account also perfects a security interest in the security entitlements carried in the securities account.
(g) Perfection of a security interest in a commodity account also perfects a security interest in the commodity contracts carried in the commodity account.
History:
[28-9-308, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 732.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-309 - SECURITY INTEREST PERFECTED UPON ATTACHMENT.

28-9-309. SECURITY INTEREST PERFECTED UPON ATTACHMENT. The following security interests are perfected when they attach:
(1) A purchase-money security interest in consumer goods, except as otherwise provided in section 28-9-311(b) with respect to consumer goods that are subject to a statute or treaty described in section 28-9-311(a);
(2) An assignment of accounts or payment intangibles which does not by itself or in conjunction with other assignments to the same assignee transfer a significant part of the assignor’s outstanding accounts or payment intangibles;
(3) A sale of a payment intangible;
(4) A sale of a promissory note;
(5) A security interest created by the assignment of a health care insurance receivable to the provider of the health care goods or services;
(6) A security interest arising under section 28-2-401, 28-2-505, 28-2-711(3) or 28-12-508(5), until the debtor obtains possession of the collateral;
(7) A security interest of a collecting bank arising under section 28-4-210;
(8) A security interest of an issuer or nominated person arising under section 28-5-120;
(9) A security interest arising in the delivery of a financial asset under section 28-9-206(c);
(10) A security interest in investment property created by a broker or securities intermediary;
(11) A security interest in a commodity contract or a commodity account created by a commodity intermediary;
(12) An assignment for the benefit of all creditors of the transferor and subsequent transfers by the assignee thereunder;
(13) A security interest created by an assignment of a beneficial interest in a decedent’s estate; and
(14) A sale by an individual of an account that is a right to payment of winnings in a lottery or other game of chance.
History:
[28-9-309, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 732; am. 2002, ch. 107, sec. 3, p. 301.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-310 - WHEN FILING REQUIRED TO PERFECT SECURITY INTEREST OR AGRICULTURAL LIEN — SECURITY INTERESTS AND AGRICULTURAL LIENS TO WHICH FILING PROVISIONS DO NOT APPLY.

28-9-310. WHEN FILING REQUIRED TO PERFECT SECURITY INTEREST OR AGRICULTURAL LIEN — SECURITY INTERESTS AND AGRICULTURAL LIENS TO WHICH FILING PROVISIONS DO NOT APPLY. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) of this section and section 28-9-312(b), a financing statement must be filed to perfect all security interests and agricultural liens.
(b) The filing of a financing statement is not necessary to perfect a security interest:
(1) That is perfected under section 28-9-308(d), (e), (f) or (g);
(2) That is perfected under section 28-9-309 when it attaches;
(3) In property subject to a statute, regulation or treaty described in section 28-9-311(a);
(4) In goods in possession of a bailee which is perfected under section 28-9-312(d)(1) or (2);
(5) In certificated securities, documents, goods or instruments which is perfected without filing, control, or possession under section 28-9-312(e), (f) or (g);
(6) In collateral in the secured party’s possession under section 28-9-313;
(7) In a certificated security which is perfected by delivery of the security certificate to the secured party under section 28-9-313;
(8) In deposit accounts, electronic chattel paper, electronic documents, investment property, or letter of credit rights which is perfected by control under section 28-9-314;
(9) In proceeds which is perfected under section 28-9-315;
(10) That is perfected under section 28-9-316; or
(11) In timber sold by the state of Idaho.
(c) If a secured party assigns a perfected security interest or agricultural lien, a filing under this chapter is not required to continue the perfected status of the security interest against creditors of and transferees from the original debtor.
History:
[28-9-310, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 733; am. 2004, ch. 42, sec. 26, p. 129; am. 2010, ch. 154, sec. 1, p. 329.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-311 - PERFECTION OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN PROPERTY SUBJECT TO CERTAIN STATUTES, REGULATIONS AND TREATIES.

28-9-311. PERFECTION OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN PROPERTY SUBJECT TO CERTAIN STATUTES, REGULATIONS AND TREATIES. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d) of this section, the filing of a financing statement is not necessary or effective to perfect a security interest in property subject to:
(1) A statute, regulation or treaty of the United States whose requirements for a security interest’s obtaining priority over the rights of a lien creditor with respect to the property preempt section 28-9-310(a), Idaho Code;
(2) Section 49-510, Idaho Code; or
(3) A statute of another jurisdiction which provides for a security interest to be indicated on a certificate of title as a condition or result of the security interest’s obtaining priority over the rights of a lien creditor with respect to the property.
(b) Compliance with the requirements of a statute, regulation or treaty described in subsection (a) of this section for obtaining priority over the rights of a lien creditor is equivalent to the filing of a financing statement under this chapter. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d) of this section and sections 28-9-313 and 28-9-316(d) and (e), Idaho Code, for goods covered by a certificate of title, a security interest in property subject to a statute, regulation or treaty described in subsection (a) of this section may be perfected only by compliance with those requirements, and a security interest so perfected remains perfected notwithstanding a change in the use or transfer of possession of the collateral.
(c) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d) of this section and section 28-9-316(d) and (e), Idaho Code, duration and renewal of perfection of a security interest perfected by compliance with the requirements prescribed by a statute, regulation or treaty described in subsection (a) of this section are governed by the statute, regulation or treaty. In other respects, the security interest is subject to this chapter.
(d) During any period in which collateral subject to a statute specified in subsection (a)(2) of this section is inventory held for sale or lease by a person or leased by that person as lessor and that person is in the business of selling or leasing goods of that kind, this section does not apply to a security interest in that collateral created by that person as debtor.
History:
[28-9-311, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 733; am. 2012, ch. 145, sec. 4, p. 392.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-314 - PERFECTION BY CONTROL.

28-9-314. PERFECTION BY CONTROL. (a) A security interest in investment property, deposit accounts, letter of credit rights, electronic chattel paper, or electronic documents may be perfected by control of the collateral under section 28-7-106, 28-9-104, 28-9-105, 28-9-106 or 28-9-107.
(b) A security interest in deposit accounts, electronic chattel paper, letter of credit rights, or electronic documents is perfected by control under section 28-7-106, 28-9-104, 28-9-105 or 28-9-107, when the secured party obtains control and remains perfected by control only while the secured party retains control.
(c) A security interest in investment property is perfected by control under section 28-9-106 from the time the secured party obtains control and remains perfected by control until:
(1) The secured party does not have control; and
(2) One (1) of the following occurs:
(A) if the collateral is a certificated security, the debtor has or acquires possession of the security certificate;
(B) if the collateral is an uncertificated security, the issuer has registered or registers the debtor as the registered owner; or
(C) if the collateral is a security entitlement, the debtor is or becomes the entitlement holder.
History:
[28-9-314, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 736; am. 2004, ch. 42, sec. 29, p. 132.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-315 - SECURED PARTY’S RIGHTS ON DISPOSITION OF COLLATERAL AND IN PROCEEDS.

28-9-315. SECURED PARTY’S RIGHTS ON DISPOSITION OF COLLATERAL AND IN PROCEEDS. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter and in section 28-2-403(2):
(1) A security interest or agricultural lien continues in collateral notwithstanding sale, lease, license, exchange or other disposition thereof unless the secured party authorized the disposition free of the security interest or agricultural lien; and
(2) A security interest attaches to any identifiable proceeds of collateral.
(b) Proceeds that are commingled with other property are identifiable proceeds:
(1) If the proceeds are goods, to the extent provided by section 28-9-336; and
(2) If the proceeds are not goods, to the extent that the secured party identifies the proceeds by a method of tracing, including application of equitable principles, that is permitted under law other than this chapter with respect to commingled property of the type involved.
(c) A security interest in proceeds is a perfected security interest if the security interest in the original collateral was perfected.
(d) A perfected security interest in proceeds becomes unperfected on the twenty-first day after the security interest attaches to the proceeds unless:
(1) The following conditions are satisfied:
(A) a filed financing statement covers the original collateral;
(B) the proceeds are collateral in which a security interest may be perfected by filing in the office in which the financing statement has been filed; and
(C) the proceeds are not acquired with cash proceeds;
(2) The proceeds are identifiable cash proceeds; or
(3) The security interest in the proceeds is perfected other than under subsection (c) of this section when the security interest attaches to the proceeds or within twenty (20) days thereafter.
(e) If a filed financing statement covers the original collateral, a security interest in proceeds which remains perfected under subsection (d)(1) of this section becomes unperfected at the later of:
(1) When the effectiveness of the filed financing statement lapses under section 28-9-515 or is terminated under section 28-9-513; or
(2) The twenty-first day after the security interest attaches to the proceeds.
History:
[28-9-315, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 737.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-317 - INTERESTS THAT TAKE PRIORITY OVER OR TAKE FREE OF SECURITY INTEREST OR AGRICULTURAL LIEN.

28-9-317. INTERESTS THAT TAKE PRIORITY OVER OR TAKE FREE OF SECURITY INTEREST OR AGRICULTURAL LIEN. (a) A security interest or agricultural lien is subordinate to the rights of:
(1) A person entitled to priority under section 28-9-322, Idaho Code; and
(2) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e) of this section, a person that becomes a lien creditor before the earlier of the time:
(A) the security interest or agricultural lien is perfected; or
(B) one (1) of the conditions specified in section 28-9-203(b)(3), Idaho Code, is met and a financing statement covering the collateral is filed.
(b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e) of this section, a buyer, other than a secured party, of tangible chattel paper, tangible documents, goods, instruments or a certificated security takes free of a security interest or agricultural lien if the buyer gives value and receives delivery of the collateral without knowledge of the security interest or agricultural lien and before it is perfected.
(c) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e) of this section, a lessee of goods takes free of a security interest or agricultural lien if the lessee gives value and receives delivery of the collateral without knowledge of the security interest or agricultural lien and before it is perfected.
(d) A licensee of a general intangible or a buyer, other than a secured party, of collateral other than tangible chattel paper, tangible documents, goods, instruments or a certificated security takes free of a security interest if the licensee or buyer gives value without knowledge of the security interest and before it is perfected.
(e) Except as otherwise provided in sections 28-9-320 and 28-9-321, Idaho Code, if a person files a financing statement with respect to a purchase-money security interest before or within twenty (20) days after the debtor receives delivery of the collateral, the security interest takes priority over the rights of a buyer, lessee, or lien creditor which arise between the time the security interest attaches and the time of filing.
History:
[28-9-317, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 738; am. 2004, ch. 42, sec. 30, p. 132; am. 2012, ch. 145, sec. 6, p. 394.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-318 - NO INTEREST RETAINED IN RIGHT TO PAYMENT THAT IS SOLD — RIGHTS AND TITLE OF SELLER OF ACCOUNT OR CHATTEL PAPER WITH RESPECT TO CREDITORS AND PURCHASERS.

28-9-318. NO INTEREST RETAINED IN RIGHT TO PAYMENT THAT IS SOLD — RIGHTS AND TITLE OF SELLER OF ACCOUNT OR CHATTEL PAPER WITH RESPECT TO CREDITORS AND PURCHASERS. (a) A debtor that has sold an account, chattel paper, payment intangible or promissory note does not retain a legal or equitable interest in the collateral sold.
(b) For purposes of determining the rights of creditors of, and purchasers for value of an account or chattel paper from, a debtor that has sold an account or chattel paper, while the buyer’s security interest is unperfected, the debtor is deemed to have rights and title to the account or chattel paper identical to those the debtor sold.
History:
[28-9-318, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 739.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-319 - RIGHTS AND TITLE OF CONSIGNEE WITH RESPECT TO CREDITORS AND PURCHASERS.

28-9-319. RIGHTS AND TITLE OF CONSIGNEE WITH RESPECT TO CREDITORS AND PURCHASERS. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) of this section, for purposes of determining the rights of creditors of, and purchasers for value of goods from, a consignee, while the goods are in the possession of the consignee, the consignee is deemed to have rights and title to the goods identical to those the consignor had or had power to transfer.
(b) For purposes of determining the rights of a creditor of a consignee, law other than this chapter determines the rights and title of a consignee while goods are in the consignee’s possession if, under this part, a perfected security interest held by the consignor would have priority over the rights of the creditor.
History:
[28-9-319, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 739.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-320 - BUYER OF GOODS.

28-9-320. BUYER OF GOODS. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e) of this section, a buyer in ordinary course of business, other than a person buying farm products from a person engaged in farming operations, takes free of a security interest created by the buyer’s seller, even if the security interest is perfected and the buyer knows of its existence. A buyer who, in the ordinary course of business, buys farm products from a person engaged in farming operations or a commission merchant or selling agent who in the ordinary course of business sells farm products for a person engaged in farming operations shall take and sell free of a security interest created by his seller, even though the security interest is perfected and the buyer or commission merchant or selling agent knows of the existence of such interest, if he has registered with the secretary of state pursuant to section 28-9-523(h) and the security interest is not listed on the most recent master list or cumulative supplement distributed by the secretary of state pursuant to section 28-9-523(i), unless he has received written notification, as that term is used in applicable federal law and regulation, of the security interest from the secretary of state, his seller or the secured party.
(b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e) of this section, a buyer of goods from a person who used or bought the goods for use primarily for personal, family or household purposes takes free of a security interest, even if perfected, if the buyer buys:
(1) Without knowledge of the security interest;
(2) For value;
(3) Primarily for the buyer’s personal, family or household purposes; and
(4) Before the filing of a financing statement covering the goods.
(c) To the extent that it affects the priority of a security interest over a buyer of goods under subsection (b) of this section, the period of effectiveness of a filing made in the jurisdiction in which the seller is located is governed by section 28-9-316(a) and (b).
(d) A buyer in ordinary course of business buying oil, gas, or other minerals at the wellhead or minehead or after extraction takes free of an interest arising out of an encumbrance.
(e) Subsections (a) and (b) of this section do not affect a security interest in goods in the possession of the secured party under section 28-9-313.
History:
[28-9-320, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 740.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-321 - LICENSEE OF GENERAL INTANGIBLE AND LESSEE OF GOODS IN ORDINARY COURSE OF BUSINESS.

28-9-321. LICENSEE OF GENERAL INTANGIBLE AND LESSEE OF GOODS IN ORDINARY COURSE OF BUSINESS. (a) In this section, "licensee in ordinary course of business" means a person that becomes a licensee of a general intangible in good faith, without knowledge that the license violates the rights of another person in the general intangible, and in the ordinary course from a person in the business of licensing general intangibles of that kind. A person becomes a licensee in the ordinary course if the license to the person comports with the usual or customary practices in the kind of business in which the licensor is engaged or with the licensor’s own usual or customary practices.
(b) A licensee in ordinary course of business takes its rights under a nonexclusive license free of a security interest in the general intangible created by the licensor, even if the security interest is perfected and the licensee knows of its existence.
(c) A lessee in ordinary course of business takes its leasehold interest free of a security interest in the goods created by the lessor, even if the security interest is perfected and the lessee knows of its existence.
History:
[28-9-321, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 740.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-323 - FUTURE ADVANCES.

28-9-323. FUTURE ADVANCES. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c) of this section, for purposes of determining the priority of a perfected security interest under section 28-9-322(a)(1), perfection of the security interest dates from the time an advance is made to the extent that the security interest secures an advance that:
(1) Is made while the security interest is perfected only:
(A) under section 28-9-309 when it attaches; or
(B) temporarily under section 28-9-312(e), (f) or (g); and
(2) Is not made pursuant to a commitment entered into before or while the security interest is perfected by a method other than under section 28-9-309 or 28-9-312(e), (f) or (g).
(b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c) of this section, a security interest is subordinate to the rights of a person that becomes a lien creditor to the extent that the security interest secures an advance made more than forty-five (45) days after the person becomes a lien creditor unless the advance is made:
(1) Without knowledge of the lien; or
(2) Pursuant to a commitment entered into without knowledge of the lien.
(c) Subsections (a) and (b) of this section do not apply to a security interest held by a secured party that is a buyer of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes or a consignor.
(d) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e) of this section, a buyer of goods other than a buyer in ordinary course of business takes free of a security interest to the extent that it secures advances made after the earlier of:
(1) The time the secured party acquires knowledge of the buyer’s purchase; or
(2) Forty-five (45) days after the purchase.
(e) Subsection (d) of this section does not apply if the advance is made pursuant to a commitment entered into without knowledge of the buyer’s purchase and before the expiration of the forty-five (45) day period.
(f) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (g) of this section, a lessee of goods, other than a lessee in ordinary course of business, takes the leasehold interest free of a security interest to the extent that it secures advances made after the earlier of:
(1) The time the secured party acquires knowledge of the lease; or
(2) Forty-five (45) days after the lease contract becomes enforceable.
(g) Subsection (f) of this section does not apply if the advance is made pursuant to a commitment entered into without knowledge of the lease and before the expiration of the forty-five (45) day period.
History:
[28-9-323, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 746.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-325 - PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN TRANSFERRED COLLATERAL.

28-9-325. PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN TRANSFERRED COLLATERAL. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) of this section, a security interest created by a debtor is subordinate to a security interest in the same collateral created by another person if:
(1) The debtor acquired the collateral subject to the security interest created by the other person;
(2) The security interest created by the other person was perfected when the debtor acquired the collateral; and
(3) There is no period thereafter when the security interest is unperfected.
(b) Subsection (a) of this section subordinates a security interest only if the security interest:
(1) Otherwise would have priority solely under section 28-9-322(a) or 28-9-324; or
(2) Arose solely under section 28-2-711(3) or 28-12-508(5).
History:
[28-9-325, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 748.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-326 - PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS CREATED BY NEW DEBTOR.

28-9-326. PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS CREATED BY NEW DEBTOR. (a) Subject to subsection (b) of this section, a security interest that is created by a new debtor in collateral in which the new debtor has or acquires rights and perfected by a filed financing statement that would be ineffective to perfect the security interest but for the application of sections 28-9-316(i)(1) and 28-9-508, Idaho Code, is subordinate to a security interest in the same collateral which is perfected other than by such a filed financing statement.
(b) The other provisions of this part determine the priority among conflicting security interests in the same collateral perfected by filed financing statements described in subsection (a) of this section. However, if the security agreements to which a new debtor became bound as debtor were not entered into by the same original debtor, the conflicting security interests rank according to priority in time of the new debtor’s having become bound.
History:
[28-9-326, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 749; am. 2012, ch. 145, sec. 7, p. 395.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-327 - PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN DEPOSIT ACCOUNT.

28-9-327. PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN DEPOSIT ACCOUNT. The following rules govern priority among conflicting security interests in the same deposit account:
(1) A security interest held by a secured party having control of the deposit account under section 28-9-104 has priority over a conflicting security interest held by a secured party that does not have control.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (3) and (4) of this section, security interests perfected by control under section 28-9-314 rank according to priority in time of obtaining control.
(3) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (4) of this section, a security interest held by the bank with which the deposit account is maintained has priority over a conflicting security interest held by another secured party.
(4) A security interest perfected by control under section 28-9-104(a)(3) has priority over a security interest held by the bank with which the deposit account is maintained.
History:
[28-9-327, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 749.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-328 - PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN INVESTMENT PROPERTY.

28-9-328. PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN INVESTMENT PROPERTY. The following rules govern priority among conflicting security interests in the same investment property:
(1) A security interest held by a secured party having control of investment property under section 28-9-106 has priority over a security interest held by a secured party that does not have control of the investment property.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (3) and (4) of this section, conflicting security interests held by secured parties each of which has control under section 28-9-106 rank according to priority in time of:
(A) If the collateral is a security, obtaining control;
(B) If the collateral is a security entitlement carried in a securities account and:
(i) if the secured party obtained control under section 28-8-106(4)(a), the secured party’s becoming the person for which the securities account is maintained;
(ii) if the secured party obtained control under section 28-8-106(4)(b), the securities intermediary’s agreement to comply with the secured party’s entitlement orders with respect to security entitlements carried or to be carried in the securities account; or
(iii) if the secured party obtained control through another person under section 28-8-106(4)(c), the time on which priority would be based under this paragraph if the other person were the secured party; or
(C) If the collateral is a commodity contract carried with a commodity intermediary, the satisfaction of the requirement for control specified in section 28-9-106(b)(2) with respect to commodity contracts carried or to be carried with the commodity intermediary.
(3) A security interest held by a securities intermediary in a security entitlement or a securities account maintained with the securities intermediary has priority over a conflicting security interest held by another secured party.
(4) A security interest held by a commodity intermediary in a commodity contract or a commodity account maintained with the commodity intermediary has priority over a conflicting security interest held by another secured party.
(5) A security interest in a certificated security in registered form which is perfected by taking delivery under section 28-9-313(a) and not by control under section 28-9-314 has priority over a conflicting security interest perfected by a method other than control.
(6) Conflicting security interests created by a broker, securities intermediary or commodity intermediary which are perfected without control under section 28-9-106 rank equally.
(7) In all other cases, priority among conflicting security interests in investment property is governed by sections 28-9-322 and 28-9-323.
History:
[28-9-328, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 749.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-329 - PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN LETTER OF CREDIT RIGHT.

28-9-329. PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN LETTER OF CREDIT RIGHT. The following rules govern priority among conflicting security interests in the same letter of credit right:
(1) A security interest held by a secured party having control of the letter of credit right under section 28-9-107 has priority to the extent of its control over a conflicting security interest held by a secured party that does not have control.
(2) Security interests perfected by control under section 28-9-314 rank according to priority in time of obtaining control.
History:
[28-9-329, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 750.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-330 - PRIORITY OF PURCHASER OF CHATTEL PAPER OR INSTRUMENT.

28-9-330. PRIORITY OF PURCHASER OF CHATTEL PAPER OR INSTRUMENT. (a) A purchaser of chattel paper has priority over a security interest in the chattel paper which is claimed merely as proceeds of inventory subject to a security interest if:
(1) In good faith and in the ordinary course of the purchaser’s business, the purchaser gives new value and takes possession of the chattel paper or obtains control of the chattel paper under section 28-9-105; and
(2) The chattel paper does not indicate that it has been assigned to an identified assignee other than the purchaser.
(b) A purchaser of chattel paper has priority over a security interest in the chattel paper which is claimed other than merely as proceeds of inventory subject to a security interest if the purchaser gives new value and takes possession of the chattel paper or obtains control of the chattel paper under section 28-9-105 in good faith, in the ordinary course of the purchaser’s business, and without knowledge that the purchase violates the rights of the secured party.
(c) Except as otherwise provided in section 28-9-327, a purchaser having priority in chattel paper under subsection (a) or (b) of this section also has priority in proceeds of the chattel paper to the extent that:
(1) Section 28-9-322 provides for priority in the proceeds; or
(2) The proceeds consist of the specific goods covered by the chattel paper or cash proceeds of the specific goods, even if the purchaser’s security interest in the proceeds is unperfected.
(d) Except as otherwise provided in section 28-9-331(a), a purchaser of an instrument has priority over a security interest in the instrument perfected by a method other than possession if the purchaser gives value and takes possession of the instrument in good faith and without knowledge that the purchase violates the rights of the secured party.
(e) For purposes of subsections (a) and (b) of this section, the holder of a purchase-money security interest in inventory gives new value for chattel paper constituting proceeds of the inventory.
(f) For purposes of subsections (b) and (d) of this section, if chattel paper or an instrument indicates that it has been assigned to an identified secured party other than the purchaser, a purchaser of the chattel paper or instrument has knowledge that the purchase violates the rights of the secured party.
History:
[28-9-330, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 750.]
2023 Idaho Code › Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS › Chapter 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS › Part 3 - PERFECTION AND PRIORITY › Section 28-9-331 - PRIORITY OF RIGHTS OF PURCHASERS OF INSTRUMENTS, DOCUMENTS AND SECURITIES UNDER OTHER CHAPTERS — PRIORITY OF INTERESTS IN FINANCIAL ASSETS AND SECURITY ENTITLEMENTS UNDER CHAPTER 8.

28-9-331. PRIORITY OF RIGHTS OF PURCHASERS OF INSTRUMENTS, DOCUMENTS AND SECURITIES UNDER OTHER CHAPTERS — PRIORITY OF INTERESTS IN FINANCIAL ASSETS AND SECURITY ENTITLEMENTS UNDER CHAPTER 8. (a) This chapter does not limit the rights of a holder in due course of a negotiable instrument, a holder to which a negotiable document of title has been duly negotiated, or a protected purchaser of a security. These holders or purchasers take priority over an earlier security interest, even if perfected, to the extent provided in chapters 3, 7 and 8.
(b) This chapter does not limit the rights of or impose liability on a person to the extent that the person is protected against the assertion of a claim under chapter 8.
(c) Filing under this chapter does not constitute notice of a claim or defense to the holders, or purchasers, or persons described in subsections (a) and (b) of this section.
History:
[28-9-331, added 2001, ch. 208, sec. 2, p. 751.]