reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 702 - DEFINITIONS › Section 702.10 - Dwelling.

702.10 Dwelling.
A “dwelling” is any building or structure, permanent or temporary, or any land, water or air vehicle, adapted for overnight accommodation of persons, and actually in use by some person or persons as permanent or temporary sleeping quarters, whether such person is present or not.
[C79, 81, §702.10]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 702 - DEFINITIONS › Section 702.11 - Forcible felony.

702.11 Forcible felony.
1. A “forcible felony” is any felonious child endangerment, assault, murder, sexual abuse, kidnapping, robbery, human trafficking, arson in the first degree, or burglary in the first degree.
2. Notwithstanding subsection 1, the following offenses are not forcible felonies:
a. Willful injury in violation of section 708.4, subsection 2.
b. Sexual abuse in the third degree committed between spouses.
c. Sexual abuse in violation of section 709.4, subsection 1, paragraph “b”, subparagraph (2), subparagraph division (d).
d. Sexual exploitation by a counselor, therapist, school employee, or adult providing training or instruction in violation of section 709.15.
e. Child endangerment subject to penalty under section 726.6, subsection 7.
f. Assault in violation of section 708.2, subsection 4.
g. Domestic abuse assault in violation of section 708.2A, subsection 5.
h. Removal of an officer’s communication or control device in violation of section 708.12, subsection 3, paragraph “f”.
[C79, 81, §702.11]
85 Acts, ch 180, §2; 89 Acts, ch 138, §2; 91 Acts, ch 130, §1; 92 Acts, ch 1163, §117; 94 Acts, ch 1023, §69; 99 Acts, ch 65, §2; 2001 Acts, ch 3, §1; 2001 Acts, ch 176, §79; 2003 Acts, ch 180, §64; 2004 Acts, ch 1151, §2; 2010 Acts, ch 1072, §1; 2012 Acts, ch 1002, §3; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §248; 2013 Acts, ch 52, §1; 2015 Acts, ch 138, §137, 161, 162; 2021 Acts, ch 102, §4
Referred to in §232.52, 272.2, 272C.15, 670A.1, 723A.1, 808B.3, 811.1, 915.10
Sentencing options excluded, see §907.3
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 702 - DEFINITIONS › Section 702.12 - Occupied structure.

702.12 Occupied structure.
An “occupied structure” is any building, structure, appurtenances to buildings and structures, land, water or air vehicle, or similar place adapted for overnight accommodation of persons, or occupied by persons for the purpose of carrying on business or other activity therein, or for the storage or safekeeping of anything of value. Such a structure is an “occupied structure” whether or not a person is actually present. However, for purposes of chapter 713, a box, chest, safe, changer, or other object or device which is adapted or used for the deposit or storage of anything of value but which is too small or not designed to allow a person to physically enter or occupy it is not an “occupied structure”.
[C79, 81, §702.12]
84 Acts, ch 1247, §1
Referred to in §712.6
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 702 - DEFINITIONS › Section 702.13 - Participating in a public offense.

702.13 Participating in a public offense.
A person is “participating in a public offense,” during part or the entire period commencing with the first act done directly toward the commission of the offense and for the purpose of committing that offense, and terminating when the person has been arrested or has withdrawn from the scene of the intended crime and has eluded pursuers, if any there be. A person is “participating in a public offense” during this period whether the person is successful or unsuccessful in committing the offense.
[C79, 81, §702.13]
Referred to in §321.279, 462A.34B
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 702 - DEFINITIONS › Section 702.14 - Property.

702.14 Property.
“Property” is anything of value, whether publicly or privately owned, including but not limited to computers and computer data, computer software, and computer programs. The term includes both tangible and intangible property, labor, and services. The term includes all that is included in the terms “real property” and “personal property”.
[C79, 81, §702.14]
2000 Acts, ch 1201, §7
Referred to in §249F.1, 714.8
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 702 - DEFINITIONS › Section 702.17 - Sex act.

702.17 Sex act.
The term “sex act” or “sexual activity” means any sexual contact between two or more persons by any of the following:
1. Penetration of the penis into the vagina or anus.
2. Contact between the mouth and genitalia or mouth and anus or by contact between the genitalia of one person and the genitalia or anus of another person.
3. Contact between the finger, hand, or other body part of one person and the genitalia or anus of another person, except in the course of examination or treatment by a person licensed pursuant to chapter 148, 148C, 151, or 152.
4. Ejaculation onto the person of another.
5. By use of artificial sexual organs or substitutes therefor in contact with the genitalia or anus.
6. The touching of a person’s own genitals or anus with a finger, hand, or artificial sexual organ or other similar device at the direction of another person.
[C75, 77, §725.1(7); C79, 81, §702.17]
89 Acts, ch 105, §1; 89 Acts, ch 296, §86; 2008 Acts, ch 1088, §138; 2013 Acts, ch 43, §1; 2014 Acts, ch 1092, §144; 2021 Acts, ch 36, §1, 2; 2022 Acts, ch 1021, §172
Referred to in §235B.2, 235E.1, 692A.101, 708.7, 709.15, 709.18, 728.1, 728.14
Subsection 6 amended
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 702 - DEFINITIONS › Section 702.18 - Serious injury.

702.18 Serious injury.
1. “Serious injury” means any of the following:
a. Disabling mental illness.
b. Bodily injury which does any of the following:
(1) Creates a substantial risk of death.
(2) Causes serious permanent disfigurement.
(3) Causes protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ.
c. Any injury to a child that requires surgical repair and necessitates the administration of general anesthesia.
2. “Serious injury” includes but is not limited to skull fractures, rib fractures, and metaphyseal fractures of the long bones of children under the age of four years.
[C51, §2577; R60, §4200; C73, §3857; C97, §4752; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §12928; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §693.1; C79, 81, §702.18]
94 Acts, ch 1172, §41; 99 Acts, ch 11, §1
Referred to in §147.111, 235B.2, 321.261, 321.482A, 321J.1, 462A.2, 707.6A, 726.24, 805.10
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 702 - DEFINITIONS › Section 702.20 - Viability.

702.20 Viability.
“Viability” is that stage of fetal development when the life of the unborn child may be continued indefinitely outside the womb by natural or artificial life support systems. The time when viability is achieved may vary with each pregnancy, and the determination of whether a particular fetus is viable is a matter of responsible medical judgment.
[C79, 81, §702.20]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 702 - DEFINITIONS › Section 702.20A - Video rental property.

702.20A Video rental property.
“Video rental property” means an audiovisual recording, including a videotape, videodisc, or other tangible medium of expression on which an audiovisual work is recorded or otherwise stored, or any equipment or supplies used to view the recording, and which is held out for rental to the public in the ordinary course of business.
2000 Acts, ch 1201, §8
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 702 - DEFINITIONS › Section 702.21 - Incendiary device.

702.21 Incendiary device.
An “incendiary device” is a device, contrivance, or material causing or designed to cause destruction of property by fire.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, §697.10(2); C79, 81, §702.21]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 702 - DEFINITIONS › Section 702.22 - Library materials and equipment.

702.22 Library materials and equipment.
1. “Library materials” include books, plates, pictures, photographs, engravings, paintings, drawings, maps, newspapers, magazines, pamphlets, broadsides, manuscripts, documents, letters, public records, microforms, sound recordings, audiovisual materials in any format, magnetic or other tapes, electronic data processing records, artifacts, and written or printed materials regardless of physical form or characteristics, belonging to, on loan to, or otherwise in the custody of any of the following:
a. A public library.
b. A library of an educational, historical, or eleemosynary institution, organization, or society.
c. A museum.
d. A repository of public records.
2. “Library equipment” includes audio, visual, or audiovisual machines, machinery or equipment belonging to, on loan to or otherwise in the custody of one of the institutions or agencies listed in subsection 1.
[C81, §702.22]
85 Acts, ch 187, §1
Referred to in §714.5
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 702 - DEFINITIONS › Section 702.23 - Strip search.

702.23 Strip search.
“Strip search” means having a person remove or arrange some or all of the person’s clothing so as to permit an inspection of the genitalia, buttocks, anus, female breasts or undergarments of that person or a physical probe of any body cavity.
[C81, §702.23]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 702 - DEFINITIONS › Section 702.24 - Visual strip search.

702.24 Visual strip search.
A “visual strip search” means having a person remove or arrange some or all of the person’s clothing so as to permit a visual inspection of the genitalia, buttocks, anus, female breasts, or undergarments of that person.
2015 Acts, ch 71, §1
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 702 - DEFINITIONS › Section 702.25 - Film.

702.25 Film.
“Film” means capturing moving images upon a membrane or other thin flexible material coated with light sensitive emulsion; capturing moving images electronically or digitally in such a manner that the images are stored by a computer or other electronic device; or receiving moving images in a continuous flow.
2016 Acts, ch 1082, §1
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 703 - PARTIES TO CRIME › Section 703.1 - Aiding and abetting.

703.1 Aiding and abetting.
All persons concerned in the commission of a public offense, whether they directly commit the act constituting the offense or aid and abet its commission, shall be charged, tried and punished as principals. The guilt of a person who aids and abets the commission of a crime must be determined upon the facts which show the part the person had in it, and does not depend upon the degree of another person’s guilt.
[C51, §2928; R60, §4668; C73, §4314; C97, §5299; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §12895; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §688.1; C79, 81, §703.1]
Referred to in §714.27A
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 703 - PARTIES TO CRIME › Section 703.2 - Joint criminal conduct.

703.2 Joint criminal conduct.
When two or more persons, acting in concert, knowingly participate in a public offense, each is responsible for the acts of the other done in furtherance of the commission of the offense or escape therefrom, and each person’s guilt will be the same as that of the person so acting, unless the act was one which the person could not reasonably expect to be done in the furtherance of the commission of the offense.
[C79, 81, §703.2]
Referred to in §717A.3A
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 703 - PARTIES TO CRIME › Section 703.3 - Accessory after the fact.

703.3 Accessory after the fact.
Any person having knowledge that a public offense has been committed and that a certain person committed it, and who does not stand in the relation of husband or wife to the person who committed the offense, who harbors, aids or conceals the person who committed the offense, with the intent to prevent the apprehension of the person who committed the offense, commits an aggravated misdemeanor if the public offense committed was a felony, or commits a simple misdemeanor if the public offense was a misdemeanor.
[C51, §2929; R60, §4669; C73, §4315; C97, §5300; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §12896; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §688.2; C79, 81, §703.3; 81 Acts, ch 204, §1]
Referred to in §714.27A, 717A.3A
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 703 - PARTIES TO CRIME › Section 703.4 - Responsibility of employers.

703.4 Responsibility of employers.
An employer or an employer’s agent, officer, director, or employee who supervises or directs the work of other employees, is guilty of the same public offense committed by an employee acting under the employer’s control, supervision, or direction in any of the following cases:
1. The person has directed the employee to commit a public offense.
2. The person knowingly permits an employee to commit a public offense, under circumstances in which the employer expects to benefit from the illegal activity of the employee.
3. The person assigns the employee some duty or duties which the person knows cannot be accomplished, or are not likely to be accomplished, unless the employee commits a public offense, provided that the offense committed by the employee is one which the employer can reasonably anticipate will follow from this assignment.
[C79, 81, §703.4]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 703 - PARTIES TO CRIME › Section 703.5 - Liability of corporations, partnerships and voluntary associations.

703.5 Liability of corporations, partnerships and voluntary associations.
1. A public or private corporation, partnership, or other voluntary association shall have the same level of culpability as an individual committing the crime when any of the following is true:
a. The conduct constituting the offense consists of an omission to discharge a specific duty or an affirmative performance imposed on the accused by law.
b. The conduct or act constituting the offense is committed by an agent, officer, director, or employee of the accused while acting within the scope of the authority of the agent, officer, director or employee and in behalf of the accused and when said act or conduct is authorized, requested, or tolerated by the board of directors or by a high managerial agent.
2. “High managerial agent” means an officer of the corporation, partner, or other agent in a position of comparable authority with respect to the formulation of policy or the supervision in a managerial capacity of subordinate employees.
[C79, 81, §703.5]
2013 Acts, ch 30, §261
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 704 - FORCE — REASONABLE OR DEADLY — DEFENSES › Section 704.1 - Reasonable force.

704.1 Reasonable force.
1. “Reasonable force” means that force and no more which a reasonable person, in like circumstances, would judge to be necessary to prevent an injury or loss and can include deadly force if it is reasonable to believe that such force is necessary to avoid injury or risk to one’s life or safety or the life or safety of another, or it is reasonable to believe that such force is necessary to resist a like force or threat.
2. A person may be wrong in the estimation of the danger or the force necessary to repel the danger as long as there is a reasonable basis for the belief of the person and the person acts reasonably in the response to that belief.
3. A person who is not engaged in illegal activity has no duty to retreat from any place where the person is lawfully present before using force as specified in this chapter.
[C51, §2773; R60, §4442; C73, §4112; C97, §5102; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §12921; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §691.1; C79, 81, §704.1; 81 Acts, ch 204, §2]
2017 Acts, ch 69, §37
Referred to in §234.40, 280.21
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 704 - FORCE — REASONABLE OR DEADLY — DEFENSES › Section 704.2 - Deadly force.

704.2 Deadly force.
1. The term “deadly force” means any of the following:
a. Force used for the purpose of causing serious injury.
b. Force which the actor knows or reasonably should know will create a strong probability that serious injury will result.
c. The discharge of a firearm, other than a firearm loaded with less lethal munitions and discharged by a peace officer, corrections officer, or corrections official in the line of duty, in the direction of some person with the knowledge of the person’s presence there, even though no intent to inflict serious physical injury can be shown.
d. The discharge of a firearm, other than a firearm loaded with less lethal munitions and discharged by a peace officer, corrections officer, or corrections official in the line of duty, at a vehicle in which a person is known to be.
2. “Deadly force” does not include a threat to cause serious injury or death, by the production, display, or brandishing of a deadly weapon, as long as the actions of the person are limited to creating an expectation that the person may use deadly force to defend oneself, another, or as otherwise authorized by law.
3. As used in this section, “less lethal munitions” means projectiles which are designed to stun, temporarily incapacitate, or cause temporary discomfort to a person without penetrating the person’s body.
[C79, 81, §704.2]
97 Acts, ch 166, §1, 2; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §197; 2017 Acts, ch 69, §38
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 704 - FORCE — REASONABLE OR DEADLY — DEFENSES › Section 704.2A - Justifiable use of deadly force.

704.2A Justifiable use of deadly force.
1. For purposes of this chapter, a person is presumed to reasonably believe that deadly force is necessary to avoid injury or risk to one’s life or safety or the life or safety of another in either of the following circumstances:
a. The person against whom force is used, at the time the force is used, is doing any of the following:
(1) Unlawfully entering by force or stealth the dwelling, place of business or employment, or occupied vehicle of the person using force, or has unlawfully entered by force or stealth and remains within the dwelling, place of business or employment, or occupied vehicle of the person using force.
(2) Unlawfully removing or is attempting to unlawfully remove another person against the other person’s will from the dwelling, place of business or employment, or occupied vehicle of the person using force.
b. The person using force knows or has reason to believe that any of the conditions set forth in paragraph “a” are occurring.
2. The presumption set forth in subsection 1 does not apply if, at the time force is used, any of the following circumstances are present:
a. The person using defensive force is engaged in a criminal offense, is attempting to escape from the scene of a criminal offense that the person has committed, or is using the dwelling, place of business or employment, or occupied vehicle to further a criminal offense.
b. The person sought to be removed is a child or grandchild or is otherwise in the lawful custody or under the lawful guardianship of the person against whom force is used.
c. The person against whom force is used is a peace officer who has entered or is attempting to enter a dwelling, place of business or employment, or occupied vehicle in the lawful performance of the peace officer’s official duties.
d. The person against whom the force is used has the right to be in, or is a lawful resident of, the dwelling, place of business or employment, or occupied vehicle of the person using force, and a protective or no-contact order is not in effect against the person against whom the force is used.
2017 Acts, ch 69, §39; 2018 Acts, ch 1026, §170
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 704 - FORCE — REASONABLE OR DEADLY — DEFENSES › Section 704.2B - Use of deadly force — duties — evidence.

704.2B Use of deadly force — duties — evidence.
1. If a person uses deadly force, the person shall notify or cause another to notify a law enforcement agency about the person’s use of deadly force within a reasonable time period after the person’s use of the deadly force, if the person or another person is capable of providing such notification.
2. The person using deadly force shall not intentionally destroy, alter, conceal, or disguise physical evidence relating to the person’s use of deadly force, and the person shall not intentionally intimidate witnesses into refusing to cooperate with any investigation relating to the use of such deadly force or induce another person to alter testimony about the use of such deadly force.
2017 Acts, ch 69, §40
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 704 - FORCE — REASONABLE OR DEADLY — DEFENSES › Section 704.3 - Defense of self or another.

704.3 Defense of self or another.
A person is justified in the use of reasonable force when the person reasonably believes that such force is necessary to defend oneself or another from any actual or imminent use of unlawful force.
[C51, §2773 – 2775; R60, §4442 – 4444; C73, §4112 – 4114; C97, §5102 – 5104; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §12921 – 12923; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §691.1, 691.2(1), 691.3; C79, 81, §704.3]
2017 Acts, ch 69, §41
Referred to in §236.12
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 704 - FORCE — REASONABLE OR DEADLY — DEFENSES › Section 704.4 - Defense of property.

704.4 Defense of property.
A person is justified in the use of reasonable force to prevent or terminate criminal interference with the person’s possession or other right in property. Nothing in this section authorizes the use of any spring gun or trap which is left unattended and unsupervised and which is placed for the purpose of preventing or terminating criminal interference with the possession of or other right in property.
[C51, §2774; R60, §4443; C73, §4113; C97, §5103; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §12922; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §691.2(2); C79, 81, §704.4]
Referred to in §704.13
Spring guns and traps, see §708.9
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 704 - FORCE — REASONABLE OR DEADLY — DEFENSES › Section 704.5 - Aiding another in the defense of property.

704.5 Aiding another in the defense of property.
A person is justified in the use of reasonable force to aid another in the lawful defense of the other person’s rights in property or in any public property.
[C51, §2775; R60, §4444; C73, §4114; C97, §5104; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §12923; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §691.3; C79, 81, §704.5]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 704 - FORCE — REASONABLE OR DEADLY — DEFENSES › Section 704.6 - When defense not available.

704.6 When defense not available.
The defense of justification is not available to the following:
1. One who is participating in a forcible felony, or riot, or a duel.
2. One who initially provokes the use of force against oneself, with the intent to use such force as an excuse to inflict injury on the assailant.
3. One who initially provokes the use of force against oneself by one’s unlawful acts, unless:
a. Such force is grossly disproportionate to the provocation, and is so great that the person reasonably believes that the person is in imminent danger of death or serious injury or
b. The person withdraws from physical contact with the other and indicates clearly to the other that the person desires to terminate the conflict but the other continues or resumes the use of force.
[C79, 81, §704.6]
Forcible felony defined, see §702.11
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 704 - FORCE — REASONABLE OR DEADLY — DEFENSES › Section 704.7 - Resisting forcible felony.

704.7 Resisting forcible felony.
A person who reasonably believes that a forcible felony is being or will imminently be perpetrated is justified in using reasonable force, including deadly force, against the perpetrator or perpetrators to prevent or terminate the perpetration of that felony.
[C79, 81, §704.7]
2017 Acts, ch 69, §42
Forcible felony defined, see §702.11
Liability of perpetrator of forcible felony, see chapter 670A
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 704 - FORCE — REASONABLE OR DEADLY — DEFENSES › Section 704.8 - Escape from place of confinement.

704.8 Escape from place of confinement.
A correctional officer or peace officer is justified in using reasonable force, including deadly force, which is necessary to prevent the escape of any person from any jail, penal institution, correctional facility, or similar place of confinement, or place of trial or other judicial proceeding, or to prevent the escape from custody of any person who is being transported from any such place of confinement, trial or judicial proceeding to any other such place, except that deadly force may not be used to prevent the escape of one who the correctional officer or peace officer knows is confined on a charge or conviction of any class of misdemeanor.
[C79, 81, §704.8]
2001 Acts, ch 131, §2
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 704 - FORCE — REASONABLE OR DEADLY — DEFENSES › Section 704.9 - Death.

704.9 Death.
A physician or a person acting on the direct orders of a physician who ceases to provide medical attention to a person who is dead, as death is defined in section 702.8, shall not be criminally liable for such cessation of medical attention.
[C79, 81, §704.9]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 704 - FORCE — REASONABLE OR DEADLY — DEFENSES › Section 704.10 - Compulsion.

704.10 Compulsion.
No act, other than an act by which one intentionally or recklessly causes physical injury to another, is a public offense if the person so acting is compelled to do so by another’s threat or menace of serious injury, provided that the person reasonably believes that such injury is imminent and can be averted only by the person doing such act.
[C79, 81, §704.10]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 704 - FORCE — REASONABLE OR DEADLY — DEFENSES › Section 704.11 - Police activity.

704.11 Police activity.
1. A peace officer or person acting as an agent of or directed by any police agency who participates in the commission of a crime by another person solely for the purpose of gathering evidence leading to the prosecution of such other person shall not be guilty of that crime or of the crime of solicitation as set forth in section 705.1, provided that all of the following are true:
a. The officer or person is not an instigator of the criminal activity.
b. The officer or person does not intentionally injure a nonparticipant in the crime.
c. The officer or person acts with the consent of superiors, or the necessity of immediate action precludes obtaining such consent.
d. The officer’s or person’s actions are reasonable under the circumstances.
2. This section is not intended to preclude the use of undercover or surveillance persons by law enforcement agencies in appropriate circumstances and manner. It is intended to discourage such activity to tempt, urge or persuade the commission of offenses by persons not already disposed to commit offenses of that kind.
[C79, 81, §704.11]
2013 Acts, ch 30, §261
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 704 - FORCE — REASONABLE OR DEADLY — DEFENSES › Section 704.12 - Use of force in making an arrest.

704.12 Use of force in making an arrest.
A peace officer or other person making an arrest or securing an arrested person may use such force as is permitted by sections 804.8, 804.10, 804.13 and 804.15.
[C51, §2844; R60, §4553; C73, §4205; C97, §5200; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §13472; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §755.8; C79, 81, §704.12]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 704 - FORCE — REASONABLE OR DEADLY — DEFENSES › Section 704.13 - Immunity.

704.13 Immunity.
A person who is justified in using reasonable force against an aggressor in defense of oneself, another person, or property pursuant to section 704.4 is immune from criminal or civil liability for all damages incurred by the aggressor pursuant to the application of reasonable force.
2017 Acts, ch 69, §43
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 705 - SOLICITATION › Section 705.1 - Solicitation.

705.1 Solicitation.
1. A person solicits another person to commit a felony or aggravated misdemeanor when the person commands, entreats, or otherwise attempts to persuade the other person to commit a particular felony or aggravated misdemeanor, with the intent that such act be done and under circumstances which corroborates that intent by clear and convincing evidence.
2. A person who solicits another person to commit a felony of any class commits a class “D” felony.
3. A person who solicits another person to commit an aggravated misdemeanor commits an aggravated misdemeanor.
[C79, 81, §705.1]
2013 Acts, ch 90, §221
Referred to in §692A.102, 704.11
Solicitation to commit murder, see §707.3A
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 705 - SOLICITATION › Section 705.2 - Renunciation.

705.2 Renunciation.
It is a defense to a prosecution for solicitation that the defendant, after soliciting another person to commit a felony or aggravated misdemeanor, persuaded the person not to do so or otherwise prevented the commission of the offense, under circumstances manifesting a complete and voluntary renunciation of the defendant’s criminal intent. A renunciation is not “voluntary and complete” if it is motivated in whole or in part by either of the following:
1. The person’s belief that circumstances exist which increase the possibility of detection or apprehension of the defendant or another or which make more difficult the consummation of the offense.
2. The person’s decision to postpone the offense until another time or to substitute another victim or another but similar objective.
[C79, 81, §705.2]
2013 Acts, ch 90, §222
Referred to in §707.3A
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 706 - CONSPIRACY › Section 706.1 - Conspiracy.

706.1 Conspiracy.
1. A person commits conspiracy with another if, with the intent to promote or facilitate the commission of a crime which is an aggravated misdemeanor or felony, the person does either of the following:
a. Agrees with another that they or one or more of them will engage in conduct constituting the crime or an attempt or solicitation to commit the crime.
b. Agrees to aid another in the planning or commission of the crime or of an attempt or solicitation to commit the crime.
2. It is not necessary for the conspirator to know the identity of each and every conspirator.
3. A person shall not be convicted of conspiracy unless it is alleged and proven that at least one conspirator committed an overt act evidencing a design to accomplish the purpose of the conspiracy by criminal means.
4. A person shall not be convicted of conspiracy if the only other person or persons involved in the conspiracy were acting at the behest of or as agents of a law enforcement agency in an investigation of the criminal activity alleged at the time of the formation of the conspiracy.
[C51, §2758, 2996; R60, §4408, 4790; C73, §4087, 4425; C97, §5059, 5490; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §13162, 13902; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §719.1, 782.6; C79, 81, §706.1]
87 Acts, ch 129, §1
Referred to in §717A.3B
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 706 - CONSPIRACY › Section 706.2 - Locus of conspiracy.

706.2 Locus of conspiracy.
A person commits a conspiracy in any county where the person is physically present when the person makes such agreement or combination, and in any county where the person with whom the person makes such agreement or combination is physically present at such time, whether or not any of the other conspirators are also present in that county or in this state, and in any county in which any criminal act is done by any person pursuant to the conspiracy, whether or not the person is or has ever been present in such county; provided, that a person may not be prosecuted more than once for a conspiracy based on the same agreement or combination.
[C79, 81, §706.2]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 706 - CONSPIRACY › Section 706.3 - Penalties.

706.3 Penalties.
1. A person who commits a conspiracy to commit a forcible felony is guilty of a class “C” felony.
2. A person who commits a conspiracy to commit a felony, other than a forcible felony, is guilty of a class “D” felony.
3. A person who commits a conspiracy to commit a misdemeanor is guilty of a misdemeanor of the same class.
[C51, §2758; R60, §4408; C73, §4087; C97, §5059; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §13162; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §719.1; C79, 81, §706.3]
2013 Acts, ch 30, §198
Forcible felony defined, §702.11
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 706 - CONSPIRACY › Section 706.4 - Multiple convictions.

706.4 Multiple convictions.
A conspiracy to commit a public offense is an offense separate and distinct from any public offense which might be committed pursuant to such conspiracy. A person may not be convicted and sentenced for both the conspiracy and for the public offense.
[C79, 81, §706.4]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 706A - ONGOING CRIMINAL CONDUCT › Section 706A.1 - Definitions.

706A.1 Definitions.
In this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:
1. “Criminal network” means any combination of persons engaging, for financial gain on a continuing basis, in conduct which is an indictable offense under the laws of this state regardless of whether such conduct is charged or indicted. As used in this subsection, persons combine if they collaborate or act in concert in carrying on or furthering the activities or purposes of a network even though such persons may not know each other’s identity, membership in the network changes from time to time, or one or more members of the network stand in a wholesaler-retailer, service provider, or other arm’s length relationship with others as to conduct in the furtherance of the financial goals of the network.
2. “Enterprise” includes any sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, trust, or other legal entity, or any unchartered union, association, or group of persons associated in fact although not a legal entity, and includes unlawful as well as lawful enterprises.
3. “Proceeds” means property acquired or derived directly or indirectly from, produced through, realized through, or caused by an act or omission and includes any property of any kind.
4. “Property” means anything of value, and includes any interest in property, including any benefit, privilege, claim, or right with respect to anything of value, whether real or personal, tangible or intangible, without reduction for expenses incurred for acquisition, maintenance, production, or any other purpose.
5. “Specified unlawful activity” means any act, including any preparatory or completed offense, committed for financial gain on a continuing basis, that is punishable as an indictable offense under the laws of the state in which it occurred and under the laws of this state.
96 Acts, ch 1133, §26
Referred to in §706A.2
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 706A - ONGOING CRIMINAL CONDUCT › Section 706A.5 - Uniformity of construction and application.

706A.5 Uniformity of construction and application.
1. The provisions of this chapter shall be liberally construed to effectuate its remedial purposes. Civil remedies under this chapter shall be supplemental and not mutually exclusive. Civil remedies under this chapter do not preclude and are not precluded by other provisions of law.
2. The provisions of this chapter shall be applied and construed to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this chapter among states enacting the law.
3. The attorney general may enter into reciprocal agreements with the attorney general or chief prosecuting attorney of any state to effectuate the purposes of this chapter.
96 Acts, ch 1133, §30
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 706B - MONEY LAUNDERING › Section 706B.1 - Definitions.

706B.1 Definitions.
In this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:
1. “Proceeds” means property acquired or derived directly or indirectly from, produced through, realized through, or caused by an act or omission and includes any property of any kind.
2. “Property” means anything of value, and includes any interest in property, including any benefit, privilege, claim, or right with respect to anything of value, whether real or personal, tangible or intangible.
3. “Specified unlawful activity” means any act, including any preparatory or completed offense, committed for financial gain on a continuing basis, that is punishable by confinement of one year or more under the laws of this state, or, if the act occurred outside this state, would be punishable by confinement of one year or more under the laws of the state in which it occurred and under the laws of this state.
4. “Transaction” includes a purchase, sale, trade, loan, pledge, investment, gift, transfer, transmission, delivery, deposit, withdrawal, payment, transfer between accounts, exchange of currency, extension of credit, purchase, or sale of any monetary instrument, use of a safe deposit box, or any other acquisition or disposition of property by whatever means effected.
5. “Unlawful activity” means any act which is chargeable or indictable as a public offense of any degree under the laws of the state in which the act occurred or under federal law and, if the act occurred in a state other than this state, would be chargeable or indictable as a public offense of any degree under the laws of this state or under federal law.
96 Acts, ch 1133, §31
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 706B - MONEY LAUNDERING › Section 706B.2 - Money laundering penalty — civil remedies.

706B.2 Money laundering penalty — civil remedies.
1. It is unlawful for a person to commit money laundering by doing any of the following:
a. To knowingly transport, receive, or acquire property or to conduct a transaction involving property, knowing that the property involved is the proceeds of some form of unlawful activity, when, in fact, the property is the proceeds of specified unlawful activity.
b. To make property available to another, by transaction, transportation, or otherwise, knowing that it is intended to be used for the purpose of committing or furthering the commission of specified unlawful activity.
c. To conduct a transaction knowing that the property involved in the transaction is the proceeds of some form of unlawful activity with the intent to conceal or disguise the nature, location, source, ownership, or control of the property or the intent to avoid a transaction-reporting requirement under chapter 529, the Iowa financial transaction reporting Act, or federal law.
d. To knowingly engage in the business of conducting, directing, planning, organizing, initiating, financing, managing, supervising, or facilitating transactions involving property, knowing that the property involved in the transaction is the proceeds of some form of unlawful activity, that, in fact, is the proceeds of specified unlawful activity.
2. A person who violates:
a. Subsection 1, paragraph “a”, “b”, or “c”, commits a class “C” felony, and may be fined not more than ten thousand dollars or twice the value of the property involved, whichever is greater, or be imprisoned for not more than ten years, or both.
b. Subsection 1, paragraph “d”, commits a class “D” felony, and may be fined not more than seven thousand five hundred dollars or twice the value of the property involved, whichever is greater, or be imprisoned for not more than five years, or both.
3. A person who violates subsection 1, paragraph “a”, “b”, “c”, or “d”, is subject to a civil penalty of three times the value of the property involved in the transaction, in addition to any criminal sanction imposed.
4. A person who is found guilty of a violation under this section also may be charged with violations of chapter 706A, and property involved in a violation under this chapter is subject to forfeiture under chapter 809A.
96 Acts, ch 1133, §32; 98 Acts, ch 1074, §35, 36
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 706B - MONEY LAUNDERING › Section 706B.3 - Uniformity of construction and application.

706B.3 Uniformity of construction and application.
1. The provisions of this chapter shall be liberally construed to effectuate its remedial purposes. Civil remedies under this chapter shall be supplemental and not mutually exclusive. The civil remedies do not preclude and are not precluded by other provisions of law.
2. The provisions of this chapter shall be applied and construed to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this chapter among states enacting the law.
3. The attorney general may enter into reciprocal agreements with the attorney general or chief prosecuting attorney of any state to effectuate the purposes of this chapter.
96 Acts, ch 1133, §33
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 707 - HOMICIDE AND RELATED CRIMES › Section 707.1 - Murder defined.

707.1 Murder defined.
A person who kills another person with malice aforethought either express or implied commits murder.
[C51, §2568; R60, §4191; C73, §3848; C97, §4727, 4796; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §12910, 12961; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §690.1, 697.1; C79, 81, §707.1]
Referred to in §229A.2, 707.3A
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 707 - HOMICIDE AND RELATED CRIMES › Section 707.2 - Murder in the first degree.

707.2 Murder in the first degree.
1. A person commits murder in the first degree when the person commits murder under any of the following circumstances:
a. The person willfully, deliberately, and with premeditation kills another person.
b. The person kills another person while participating in a forcible felony.
c. The person kills another person while escaping or attempting to escape from lawful custody.
d. The person intentionally kills a peace officer, correctional officer, public employee, or hostage while the person is imprisoned in a correctional institution under the jurisdiction of the Iowa department of corrections, or in a city or county jail.
e. The person kills a child while committing child endangerment under section 726.6, subsection 1, paragraph “b”, or while committing assault under section 708.1 upon the child, and the death occurs under circumstances manifesting an extreme indifference to human life.
f. The person kills another person while participating in an act of terrorism as defined in section 708A.1.
2. Murder in the first degree is a class “A” felony.
3. For purposes of determining whether a person should register as a sex offender pursuant to the provisions of chapter 692A, the fact finder shall make a determination as provided in section 692A.126.
[C51, §2569, 2572; R60, §4192, 4195; C73, §3849, 3852; C97, §4728, 4747, 4796; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §12911, 12924, 12961; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §690.2, 692.1, 697.1; C79, 81, §707.2]
83 Acts, ch 96, §118, 159; 94 Acts, ch 1172, §42; 2002 Acts, ch 1075, §1; 2009 Acts, ch 119, §48; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §199
Referred to in §331.802, 671A.2, 692A.101, 692A.102, 692A.126, 902.1, 910.3A
Definition of forcible felony, see §702.11
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 707 - HOMICIDE AND RELATED CRIMES › Section 707.3 - Murder in the second degree.

707.3 Murder in the second degree.
1. A person commits murder in the second degree when the person commits murder which is not murder in the first degree.
2. Murder in the second degree is a class “B” felony. However, notwithstanding section 902.9, subsection 1, paragraph “b”, the maximum sentence for a person convicted under this section shall be a period of confinement of not more than fifty years.
3. For purposes of determining whether a person should register as a sex offender pursuant to the provisions of chapter 692A, the fact finder shall make a determination as provided in section 692A.126.
[C51, §2570; R60, §4193; C73, §3850; C97, §4729; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §12912; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §690.3; C79, 81, §707.3; 82 Acts, ch 1239, §1]
2009 Acts, ch 119, §49; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §200
Referred to in §331.802, 671A.2, 692A.101, 692A.102, 692A.126, 726.26, 902.12, 910.3A
Intentional or reckless dependent adult abuse resulting in death, §726.26
Definition of forcible felony, §702.11
Sentencing options excluded, see §907.3
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 707 - HOMICIDE AND RELATED CRIMES › Section 707.3A - Solicitation to commit murder.

707.3A Solicitation to commit murder.
1. A person who commands, entreats, or otherwise attempts to persuade another to commit murder as defined in section 707.1, with the intent that such act be done and under circumstances which corroborate that intent by clear and convincing evidence, solicits another to commit that murder.
2. Renunciation, as provided for in section 705.2, is a defense to a prosecution for solicitation under this section.
3. A person who solicits another to commit murder commits a class “C” felony.
2012 Acts, ch 1046, §1
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 707 - HOMICIDE AND RELATED CRIMES › Section 707.4 - Voluntary manslaughter.

707.4 Voluntary manslaughter.
1. A person commits voluntary manslaughter when that person causes the death of another person, under circumstances which would otherwise be murder, if the person causing the death acts solely as the result of sudden, violent, and irresistible passion resulting from serious provocation sufficient to excite such passion in a person and there is not an interval between the provocation and the killing in which a person of ordinary reason and temperament would regain control and suppress the impulse to kill.
2. Voluntary manslaughter is a class “C” felony.
3. Voluntary manslaughter is an included offense under an indictment for murder in the first or second degree.
4. For purposes of determining whether a person should register as a sex offender pursuant to the provisions of chapter 692A, the fact finder shall make a determination as provided in section 692A.126.
[C51, §2576; R60, §4199; C73, §3856; C97, §4751; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §12919; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §690.10; C79, 81, §707.4]
2009 Acts, ch 119, §50; 2013 Acts, ch 90, §224
Referred to in §321.208, 331.802, 692A.102, 692A.126, 910.3A
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 707 - HOMICIDE AND RELATED CRIMES › Section 707.5 - Involuntary manslaughter.

707.5 Involuntary manslaughter.
1. A person commits involuntary manslaughter punishable as:
a. A class “D” felony when the person unintentionally causes the death of another person by the commission of a public offense other than a forcible felony or escape.
b. An aggravated misdemeanor when the person unintentionally causes the death of another person by the commission of an act in a manner likely to cause death or serious injury.
2. Involuntary manslaughter as defined in this section is an included offense under an indictment for murder in the first or second degree or voluntary manslaughter.
3. For purposes of determining whether a person should register as a sex offender pursuant to the provisions of chapter 692A, the fact finder shall make a determination as provided in section 692A.126.
[C51, §2576; R60, §4199; C73, §3856; C97, §4751; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §12919, 12920; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §690.10, 690.11; C79, 81, §707.5]
2009 Acts, ch 119, §51; 2013 Acts, ch 90, §225
Referred to in §321.208, 321J.10, 331.802, 692A.102, 692A.126, 901C.3, 910.3A
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 707 - HOMICIDE AND RELATED CRIMES › Section 707.6 - Civil liability.

707.6 Civil liability.
1. A person who injures or causes the death of the aggressor through application of reasonable force in defense of the person’s person or property shall not be held civilly liable for such injury or death.
2. A person who injures or causes the death of the aggressor through application of reasonable force in defense of a second person shall not be held civilly liable for such injury or death.
[C79, 81, §707.6]
2017 Acts, ch 69, §44