reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 709 - SEXUAL ABUSE › Section 709.11 - Assault with intent to commit sexual abuse.

709.11 Assault with intent to commit sexual abuse.
Any person who commits an assault, as defined in section 708.1, with the intent to commit sexual abuse:
1. Is guilty of a class “C” felony if the person thereby causes serious injury to any person.
2. Is guilty of a class “D” felony if the person thereby causes any person a bodily injury other than a serious injury.
3. Is guilty of an aggravated misdemeanor if no injury results.
[81 Acts, ch 204, §6]
2013 Acts, ch 90, §229
Referred to in §232.22, 622.31B, 692A.101, 692A.102, 709.19, 802.2B, 903B.10
Sentencing restrictions for forcible felonies and mandatory reporters of child abuse, see §907.3
Serious injury, §702.18
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 709 - SEXUAL ABUSE › Section 709.12 - Indecent contact with a child.

709.12 Indecent contact with a child.
1. A person eighteen years of age or older is upon conviction guilty of an aggravated misdemeanor if the person commits any of the following acts with a child, not the person’s spouse, with or without the child’s consent, for the purpose of arousing or satisfying the sexual desires of either of them:
a. Fondle or touch the inner thigh, groin, buttock, anus, or breast of the child.
b. Touch the clothing covering the immediate area of the inner thigh, groin, buttock, anus, or breast of the child.
c. Solicit or permit a child to fondle or touch the inner thigh, groin, buttock, anus, or breast of the person.
d. Solicit a child to engage in any act prohibited under section 709.8, subsection 1, paragraph “a”, “b”, or “e”.
2. The provisions of this section shall also apply to a person sixteen or seventeen years of age who commits any of the enumerated acts with a child who is at least five years the person’s junior, in which case the juvenile court shall have jurisdiction under chapter 232.
[81 Acts, ch 204, §7]
85 Acts, ch 181, §2; 88 Acts, ch 1252, §4; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §203
Referred to in §622.31B, 692A.102, 709.19, 802.2B, 903B.10
Sentencing restrictions for forcible felonies and mandatory reporters of child abuse, see §907.3
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 709 - SEXUAL ABUSE › Section 709.13 - Child in need of assistance complaints.

709.13 Child in need of assistance complaints.
During or following an investigation into allegations of violations of this chapter or of chapter 726 or 728 involving an alleged victim under the age of eighteen and an alleged offender who is not a person responsible for the care of the alleged victim, anyone with knowledge of the alleged offense may file a complaint pursuant to section 232.83 alleging the alleged victim to be a child in need of assistance as defined under section 232.2. In all cases, the complaint shall be filed by any peace officer with knowledge of the investigation when the peace officer has reason to believe that the alleged victim may require treatment as a result of the alleged offense and that the alleged victim’s parent, guardian, or custodian will be unwilling or unable to provide the treatment.
88 Acts, ch 1252, §5; 2021 Acts, ch 80, §374
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 709 - SEXUAL ABUSE › Section 709.14 - Lascivious conduct with a minor.

709.14 Lascivious conduct with a minor.
1. a. It is unlawful for a person eighteen years of age or older who is in a position of authority over a minor to force, persuade, or coerce that minor, with or without consent, to disrobe or partially disrobe for the purpose of arousing or satisfying the sexual desires of either of them.
b. A violation of this subsection is a serious misdemeanor.
2. For purposes of subsections 3 and 4, “minor” means a person fourteen or fifteen years of age.
3. a. It is unlawful for a person eighteen years of age or older who is in a position of authority over a minor to perform any of the following acts with that minor, with or without consent, for the purpose of arousing or satisfying the sexual desires of either of them:
(1) Fondle or touch the inner thigh, groin, buttock, anus, or breast of the minor.
(2) Touch the clothing covering the immediate area of the inner thigh, groin, buttock, anus, or breast of the minor.
(3) Solicit or permit the minor to fondle or touch the inner thigh, groin, buttock, anus, or breast of the person.
(4) Solicit the minor to engage in any act prohibited under subsection 4, paragraph “a”, subparagraph (1), (2), or (3).
b. A violation of this subsection is a serious misdemeanor.
4. a. It is unlawful for a person eighteen years of age or older who is in a position of authority over a minor to perform any of the following acts with that minor, with or without consent, for the purpose of arousing or satisfying the sexual desires of either of them:
(1) Fondle or touch the pubes or genitals of the minor.
(2) Permit or cause the minor to fondle or touch the person’s genitals or pubes.
(3) Cause the touching of the person’s genitals to any part of the body of the minor.
(4) Solicit the minor to engage in a sex act or solicit a person to arrange a sex act with the minor.
(5) Inflict pain or discomfort upon the minor or permit the minor to inflict pain or discomfort on the person.
b. A violation of this subsection is an aggravated misdemeanor.
89 Acts, ch 105, §2; 2018 Acts, ch 1041, §127; 2019 Acts, ch 114, §1
Referred to in §622.31B, 692A.102, 709.19, 802.2B, 903B.10
Sentencing restrictions for forcible felonies and mandatory reporters of child abuse, see §907.3
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 709 - SEXUAL ABUSE › Section 709.16 - Sexual misconduct with offenders and juveniles.

709.16 Sexual misconduct with offenders and juveniles.
1. Any peace officer, or an officer, employee, contractor, vendor, volunteer, or agent of the department of corrections, or an officer, employee, or agent of a judicial district department of correctional services, who engages in a sex act with an individual committed to the custody of the department of corrections or a judicial district department of correctional services commits an aggravated misdemeanor.
2. a. Any peace officer, or an officer, employee, contractor, vendor, volunteer, or agent of a juvenile placement facility who engages in a sex act with a juvenile placed at such facility commits an aggravated misdemeanor.
b. For purposes of this subsection, a “juvenile placement facility” means any of the following:
(1) A child foster care facility licensed under section 237.4.
(2) Institutions controlled by the department of human services listed in section 218.1.
(3) Juvenile detention and juvenile shelter care homes approved under section 232.142.
(4) Psychiatric medical institutions for children licensed under chapter 135H.
(5) Facilities for the treatment of persons with substance-related disorders as defined in section 125.2.
3. Any peace officer, or an officer, employee, contractor, vendor, volunteer, or agent of a county who engages in a sex act with a prisoner incarcerated in a county jail commits an aggravated misdemeanor.
91 Acts, ch 219, §21; 98 Acts, ch 1094, §1; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §204; 2013 Acts, ch 90, §185; 2015 Acts, ch 46, §1
Referred to in §622.31B, 692A.101, 692A.102, 709.19, 802.2B
Sentencing restrictions for forcible felonies and mandatory reporters of child abuse, see §907.3
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 709 - SEXUAL ABUSE › Section 709.18 - Sexual abuse of a corpse.

709.18 Sexual abuse of a corpse.
1. A person commits sexual abuse of a human corpse if the person knowingly and intentionally engages in a sex act, as defined in section 702.17, with a human corpse.
2. A person who violates this section commits a class “D” felony.
96 Acts, ch 1006, §1; 2007 Acts, ch 91, §2; 2010 Acts, ch 1074, §4
Referred to in §692A.102
Sentencing restrictions for forcible felonies and mandatory reporters of child abuse, see §907.3
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 709 - SEXUAL ABUSE › Section 709.19 - No-contact order upon defendant’s release from jail or prison.

709.19 No-contact order upon defendant’s release from jail or prison.
1. Upon the filing of an affidavit by a victim, or a parent or guardian on behalf of a minor who is a victim, of a crime that is a sexual offense in violation of section 709.2, 709.3, 709.4, 709.8, 709.9, 709.11, 709.12, 709.14, 709.15, or 709.16, that states that the presence of or contact with the defendant whose release from jail or prison is imminent or who has been released from jail or prison continues to pose a threat to the safety of the victim, persons residing with the victim, or members of the victim’s immediate family, the court shall enter a temporary no-contact order which shall require the defendant to have no contact with the victim, persons residing with the victim, or members of the victim’s immediate family.
2. A temporary restraining order issued under this section shall expire at such time as the court directs, not to exceed ten days from the date of issuance. The court, for good cause shown before expiration of the order, may extend the expiration date of the order for up to ten days, or for a longer period agreed to by the adverse party.
3. Upon motion of the party, the court shall issue a no-contact order which shall require the defendant to have no contact with the victim, persons residing with the victim, or members of the victim’s immediate family if the court, after a hearing, finds by a preponderance of the evidence, that the defendant poses a threat to the safety of the victim, persons residing with the victim, or members of the victim’s immediate family.
4. A no-contact order shall set forth the reasons for the issuance of the order, be specific in terms, and describe in reasonable detail the purpose of the order.
5. The court shall set the duration of the no-contact order for the period it determines is necessary to protect the safety of the victim, persons residing with the victim, or members of the victim’s immediate family, but the duration shall not be set for a period in excess of one year from the date of the issuance of the order. The victim, at any time within ninety days before the expiration of the order, may apply for a new no-contact order under this section.
6. Violation of a no-contact order issued under this section constitutes contempt of court and may be punished by contempt proceedings.
2002 Acts, ch 1085, §1; 2003 Acts, ch 108, §113
No-contact orders, see chapter 664A
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 709 - SEXUAL ABUSE › Section 709.21 - Invasion of privacy — nudity.

709.21 Invasion of privacy — nudity.
1. A person who knowingly views, photographs, or films another person, for the purpose of arousing or gratifying the sexual desire of any person, commits invasion of privacy if all of the following apply:
a. The other person does not consent or is unable to consent to being viewed, photographed, or filmed.
b. The other person is in a state of full or partial nudity.
c. The other person has a reasonable expectation of privacy while in a state of full or partial nudity.
2. As used in this section:
a. “Full or partial nudity” means the showing of any part of the human genitals or pubic area or buttocks, or any part of the nipple of the breast of a female, with less than fully opaque covering.
b. “Photographs or films” means the making of any photograph, motion picture film, videotape, or any other recording or transmission of the image of a person.
3. A person who violates this section commits an aggravated misdemeanor.
2004 Acts, ch 1099, §1; 2016 Acts, ch 1082, §2; 2016 Acts, ch 1138, §30; 2017 Acts, ch 117, §3
Referred to in §692A.102
Sentencing restrictions for forcible felonies and mandatory reporters of child abuse, see §907.3
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 709 - SEXUAL ABUSE › Section 709.23 - Continuous sexual abuse of a child.

709.23 Continuous sexual abuse of a child.
1. A person eighteen years of age or older commits continuous sexual abuse of a child when the person engages in any combination of three or more acts of sexual abuse in violation of section 709.3 or 709.4, with the same child, and at least thirty days have elapsed between the first and last acts of sexual abuse.
2. A person who commits continuous sexual abuse of a child is, upon conviction, guilty of a class “B” felony. Notwithstanding section 902.9, subsection 1, paragraph “b”, a person convicted of a violation of this section involving any combination of three or more acts of sexual abuse that includes a violation of section 709.3 or 709.4 shall be confined for no more than fifty years.
3. If a jury is the trier of fact, members of the jury must unanimously agree that three or more acts of sexual abuse in violation of section 709.3 or 709.4 were committed with the same child and at least thirty days have elapsed between the first and last acts of sexual abuse. The jury does not need to unanimously agree which specific acts were committed or the exact date when those acts were committed.
4. Any other sexual abuse offense involving the same child shall not be charged in the same proceeding as a charge under this section unless the other sexual abuse offense occurred outside of the time period charged under this section or the other sexual abuse offense is charged in the alternative.
5. A person shall be charged with only one count under this section unless more than one child is involved in the offense. If more than one child is involved, a separate count may be charged for each child.
6. Each act of sexual abuse committed under section 709.3 or 709.4 shall be considered a lesser included offense to the crime of continuous sexual abuse of a child under this section.
2020 Acts, ch 1115, §4; 2020 Acts, ch 1121, §67, 70
Referred to in §622.31B, 692A.101, 692A.102, 902.14, 903B.10
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 709A - CONTRIBUTING TO JUVENILE DELINQUENCY › Section 709A.1 - Contributing to delinquency.

709A.1 Contributing to delinquency.
It shall be unlawful:
1. To encourage any child under eighteen years of age to commit any act of delinquency defined in chapter 232.
2. To knowingly send, cause to be sent, or induce to go, any child under the age of eighteen to any of the following:
a. A brothel or other premises used for the purposes of prostitution, with the intent that the child engage the services of a prostitute.
b. An unlicensed premises where alcoholic liquor, wine, or beer is unlawfully sold or kept for sale.
c. Any premises the use of which constitutes a violation of chapter 717A, or section 725.5 or 725.10.
3. To knowingly encourage, contribute, or in any manner cause such child to violate any law of this state, or any ordinance of any city.
4. To knowingly permit, encourage, or cause such child to be guilty of any vicious or immoral conduct.
5. For a parent willfully to fail to support the parent’s child under eighteen years of age whom the parent has a legal obligation to support.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §3658; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §233.1]
86 Acts, ch 1046, §1
C93, §709A.1
2004 Acts, ch 1056, §2, 10; 2004 Acts, ch 1175, §389
Referred to in §709A.2
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 709A - CONTRIBUTING TO JUVENILE DELINQUENCY › Section 709A.2 - Penalty — not a bar.

709A.2 Penalty — not a bar.
A violation of section 709A.1 is a simple misdemeanor. A conviction does not bar a prosecution of the convicted person for an indictable offense when the acts which caused or contributed to the delinquency or dependency of the child are indictable.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §3659; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §233.2]
84 Acts, ch 1219, §11
C93, §709A.2
See §709A.5, 725.3, 903.1, chapters 726, 728
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 709A - CONTRIBUTING TO JUVENILE DELINQUENCY › Section 709A.3 - Suspension of sentence.

709A.3 Suspension of sentence.
Upon said conviction being had, the court may, for a period not exceeding two years, suspend sentence under such conditions as to good behavior as it may prescribe. Should said conditions be fulfilled, the court may at any time enter an order setting said conviction aside and wholly releasing the defendant therefrom. Should said condition be not fulfilled to the satisfaction of the court, an order of sentence may at any time be entered which shall be effective from the date thereof.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §3660; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §233.3]
C93, §709A.3
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 709A - CONTRIBUTING TO JUVENILE DELINQUENCY › Section 709A.4 - Preliminary examination.

709A.4 Preliminary examination.
If, in proceedings in juvenile court, it appears probable that an indictable offense has been committed and that the commission thereof caused, or contributed to, the delinquency or dependency of such a child, said court may order the issuance of a warrant for the arrest of such suspected person, and on the appearance of such person said court may proceed to hold a preliminary examination, and in so doing shall exercise all the powers of a committing magistrate.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §3661; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §233.4]
C93, §709A.4
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 709A - CONTRIBUTING TO JUVENILE DELINQUENCY › Section 709A.5 - Interpretative clause.

709A.5 Interpretative clause.
For the purposes of this chapter the word “dependency” shall mean all the conditions as enumerated in section 232.96A.
[C31, 35, §3661-c1; C39, §3661.001; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §233.5]
C93, §709A.5
2022 Acts, ch 1098, §89
Section amended
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 709A - CONTRIBUTING TO JUVENILE DELINQUENCY › Section 709A.6 - Using a juvenile to commit certain offenses.

709A.6 Using a juvenile to commit certain offenses.
1. As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires, “profit” means a monetary gain, monetary advantage, or monetary benefit.
2. It is unlawful for a person to act with, enter into a common scheme or design with, conspire with, recruit or use a person under the age of eighteen, through threats, monetary payment, or other means, to commit an indictable offense for the profit of the person acting with, entering into the common scheme or design with, conspiring with, recruiting or using the juvenile. A person who violates this section commits a class “C” felony.
92 Acts, ch 1231, §34; 95 Acts, ch 191, §50
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 709D - CONTAGIOUS OR INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION ACT › Section 709D.2 - Definitions.

709D.2 Definitions.
As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:
1. “Contagious or infectious disease” means hepatitis in any form, meningococcal disease, AIDS or HIV as defined in section 141A.1, or tuberculosis.
2. “Exposes” means engaging in conduct that poses a substantial risk of transmission.
3. “Practical means to prevent transmission” means substantial good-faith compliance with a treatment regimen prescribed by the person’s health care provider, if applicable, and with behavioral recommendations of the person’s health care provider or public health officials, which may include but are not limited to the use of a medically indicated respiratory mask or a prophylactic device, to measurably limit the risk of transmission of the contagious or infectious disease.
2014 Acts, ch 1119, §2, 11
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 709D - CONTAGIOUS OR INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION ACT › Section 709D.4 - Additional remedies.

709D.4 Additional remedies.
This chapter shall not be construed to preclude the use of any other civil or criminal remedy available relating to the transmission of a contagious or infectious disease.
2014 Acts, ch 1119, §4, 11
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 710 - KIDNAPPING AND RELATED OFFENSES › Section 710.1 - Kidnapping defined.

710.1 Kidnapping defined.
A person commits kidnapping when the person either confines a person or removes a person from one place to another, knowing that the person who confines or removes the other person has neither the authority nor the consent of the other to do so; provided, that to constitute kidnapping the act must be accompanied by one or more of the following:
1. The intent to hold such person for ransom.
2. The intent to use such person as a shield or hostage.
3. The intent to inflict serious injury upon such person, or to subject the person to a sexual abuse.
4. The intent to secretly confine such person.
5. The intent to interfere with the performance of any government function.
[C51, §2588; R60, §4211; C73, §3869; C97, §4765; S13, §4750-b; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §12981, 12983; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §706.1, 706.3; C79, 81, §710.1]
Referred to in §229A.2
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 710 - KIDNAPPING AND RELATED OFFENSES › Section 710.2 - Kidnapping in the first degree.

710.2 Kidnapping in the first degree.
1. Kidnapping is kidnapping in the first degree when the person kidnapped, as a consequence of the kidnapping, suffers serious injury, or is intentionally subjected to torture or sexual abuse.
2. Kidnapping in the first degree is a class “A” felony.
3. For purposes of determining whether the person should register as a sex offender pursuant to the provisions of chapter 692A, the fact finder shall make a determination as provided in section 692A.126.
[C51, §2588; R60, §4211; C73, §3869; C97, §4765; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §12981; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §706.1; C79, 81, §710.2]
2009 Acts, ch 119, §55; 2018 Acts, ch 1041, §127
Referred to in §671A.2, 692A.102, 692A.126
Definition of forcible felony, §702.11
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 710 - KIDNAPPING AND RELATED OFFENSES › Section 710.3 - Kidnapping in the second degree.

710.3 Kidnapping in the second degree.
1. Kidnapping where the purpose is to hold the victim for ransom, where the kidnapper is armed with a dangerous weapon, or where the victim is under eighteen years of age other than a kidnapping by a parent or legal guardian whose sole purpose of the kidnapping is to assume custody of a victim under eighteen years of age, is kidnapping in the second degree.
2. Kidnapping in the second degree is a class “B” felony.
3. For purposes of determining whether the person should register as a sex offender pursuant to the provisions of chapter 692A, the fact finder shall make a determination as provided in section 692A.126.
[C51, §2588; R60, §4211; C73, §3869; C97, §4765; S13, §4750-b; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §12981, 12983; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §706.1, 706.3; C79, 81, §710.3]
2009 Acts, ch 119, §56; 2018 Acts, ch 1041, §127; 2018 Acts, ch 1116, §1
Referred to in §692A.102, 692A.126, 902.12
Definition of forcible felony, §702.11
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 710 - KIDNAPPING AND RELATED OFFENSES › Section 710.4 - Kidnapping in the third degree.

710.4 Kidnapping in the third degree.
1. All other kidnappings are kidnappings in the third degree.
2. Kidnapping in the third degree is a class “C” felony.
3. For purposes of determining whether the person should register as a sex offender pursuant to the provisions of chapter 692A, the fact finder shall make a determination as provided in section 692A.126.
[C51, §2588; R60, §4211; C73, §3869; C97, §4765; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §12981; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §706.1; C79, 81, §710.4]
2009 Acts, ch 119, §57; 2018 Acts, ch 1041, §127
Referred to in §692A.102, 692A.126
Definition of forcible felony, §702.11
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 710 - KIDNAPPING AND RELATED OFFENSES › Section 710.5 - Child stealing.

710.5 Child stealing.
1. A person commits child stealing when, knowing that the person has no authority to do so, the person forcibly or fraudulently takes, decoys, or entices away any child with intent to detain or conceal such child from its parents or guardian, or other persons or institution having the lawful custody of such child, unless the person is a relative of such child, and the person’s sole purpose is to assume custody of such child.
2. Child stealing is a class “C” felony.
3. For purposes of determining whether the person should register as a sex offender pursuant to the provisions of chapter 692A, the fact finder shall make a determination as provided in section 692A.126.
[S13, §254-a46; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §12982; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §706.2; C79, 81, §710.5]
2009 Acts, ch 119, §58; 2013 Acts, ch 90, §186
Referred to in §692A.102, 692A.126
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 710 - KIDNAPPING AND RELATED OFFENSES › Section 710.6 - Violating custodial order.

710.6 Violating custodial order.
1. A relative of a child who, acting in violation of an order of any court which fixes, permanently or temporarily, the custody or physical care of the child in another, takes and conceals the child, within or outside the state, from the person having lawful custody or physical care, commits a class “D” felony.
2. A parent of a child living apart from the other parent who conceals that child or causes that child’s whereabouts to be unknown to a parent with visitation rights or parental time in violation of a court order granting visitation rights or parental time and without the other parent’s consent, commits a serious misdemeanor.
[C79, 81, §710.6]
85 Acts, ch 132, §1; 86 Acts, ch 1145, §1; 2018 Acts, ch 1041, §127
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 710 - KIDNAPPING AND RELATED OFFENSES › Section 710.7 - False imprisonment.

710.7 False imprisonment.
A person commits false imprisonment when, having no reasonable belief that the person has any right or authority to do so, the person intentionally confines another against the other’s will. A person is confined when the person’s freedom to move about is substantially restricted by force, threat, or deception. False imprisonment is a serious misdemeanor.
[C79, 81, §710.7]
Referred to in §692A.102
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 710 - KIDNAPPING AND RELATED OFFENSES › Section 710.8 - Harboring a runaway child prohibited — penalty.

710.8 Harboring a runaway child prohibited — penalty.
1. As used in this section and section 710.9 unless the context otherwise requires:
a. “Criminal act” means the violation of any federal or state law.
b. “Harbor” means to provide aid, support, or shelter.
c. “Runaway child” means a person under eighteen years of age who is voluntarily absent from the person’s home without the consent of the person’s parent, guardian, or custodian.
2. A person shall not harbor a runaway child with the intent of committing a criminal act involving the child or with the intent of enticing or forcing the runaway child to commit a criminal act.
3. A person shall not harbor a runaway child with the intent of allowing the runaway child to remain away from home against the wishes of the child’s parent, guardian, or custodian. However, the provisions of this subsection do not apply to a shelter care home which is licensed or approved by the department of human services.
4. A person convicted of a violation of this section is guilty of an aggravated misdemeanor.
85 Acts, ch 183, §1; 96 Acts, ch 1219, §75
Referred to in §710.9
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 710 - KIDNAPPING AND RELATED OFFENSES › Section 710.9 - Civil liability for harboring a runaway child.

710.9 Civil liability for harboring a runaway child.
A parent, guardian, or custodian of a runaway child has a right of action against a person who harbored the runaway child in violation of section 710.8 for expenses sustained in the search for the child, for damages sustained due to physical or emotional distress due to the absence of the child, and for punitive damages.
85 Acts, ch 183, §2
Referred to in §710.8
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 710 - KIDNAPPING AND RELATED OFFENSES › Section 710.10 - Enticing a minor.

710.10 Enticing a minor.
1. A person commits a class “C” felony when, without authority and with the intent to commit sexual abuse or sexual exploitation upon a minor under the age of thirteen, the person entices or attempts to entice a person reasonably believed to be under the age of thirteen.
2. A person commits a class “D” felony when, without authority and with the intent to commit an illegal sex act upon or sexual exploitation of a minor under the age of sixteen, the person entices or attempts to entice a person reasonably believed to be under the age of sixteen.
3. A person commits a class “D” felony when, without authority and with the intent to commit an illegal act upon a minor under the age of sixteen, the person entices a person reasonably believed to be under the age of sixteen.
4. A person commits an aggravated misdemeanor when, without authority and with the intent to commit an illegal act upon a minor under the age of sixteen, the person attempts to entice a person reasonably believed to be under the age of sixteen. A person convicted under this subsection shall not be subject to the registration requirements under chapter 692A unless the finder of fact determines that the illegal act was sexually motivated.
5. A person shall not be convicted of a violation of this section unless the person commits an overt act evidencing a purpose to entice.
6. For purposes of determining jurisdiction under section 803.1, an offense is considered committed in this state if the communication to entice or attempt to entice a person believed to be a minor who is present in this state originates from another state, or the communication to entice or attempt to entice a person believed to be a minor is sent from this state.
7. For purposes of this section, methods of enticement include but are not limited to personal contact and communication by any means including through the mail, telephone, internet, or any social media, and include text messages, instant messages, and electronic mail.
85 Acts, ch 183, §3; 86 Acts, ch 1238, §29; 96 Acts, ch 1082, §2; 2001 Acts, ch 17, §3; 2010 Acts, ch 1129, §1; 2014 Acts, ch 1097, §5
Referred to in §272.2, 692A.102, 901A.1
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 710 - KIDNAPPING AND RELATED OFFENSES › Section 710.11 - Purchase or sale of individual.

710.11 Purchase or sale of individual.
A person commits a class “C” felony when the person purchases or sells or attempts to purchase or sell an individual to another person. This section does not apply to a surrogate mother arrangement. For purposes of this section, a “surrogate mother arrangement” means an arrangement whereby a female agrees to be artificially inseminated with the semen of a donor, to bear a child, and to relinquish all rights regarding that child to the donor or donor couple.
89 Acts, ch 116, §1
Referred to in §692A.102, 692A.126
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 710A - HUMAN TRAFFICKING › Section 710A.2A - Solicitation of commercial sexual activity.

710A.2A Solicitation of commercial sexual activity.
A person shall not entice, coerce, or recruit, or attempt to entice, coerce, or recruit, either a person who is under the age of eighteen or a law enforcement officer or agent who is representing that the officer or agent is under the age of eighteen, to engage in a commercial sexual activity. A person who violates this section commits a class “D” felony.
2012 Acts, ch 1057, §4; 2013 Acts, ch 90, §188
Referred to in §692A.102, 710A.3
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 710A - HUMAN TRAFFICKING › Section 710A.2B - Premises used for human trafficking.

710A.2B Premises used for human trafficking.
1. A person who owns, rents, leases, or uses any part of a building, structure, boat, trailer, or other place offering shelter or seclusion, and who knows, or has reason to know, that the building, structure, boat, trailer, or other place offering shelter or seclusion is being used for the purposes of human trafficking, commits a class “D” felony.
2. It shall be an affirmative defense to a prosecution of a person pursuant to subsection 1, if immediately upon acquiring knowledge that the building, structure, boat, trailer, or other place offering shelter or seclusion is used for the purposes of human trafficking, the person notifies a law enforcement agency with jurisdiction and fully cooperates with any subsequent investigation.
3. a. If a law enforcement agency notifies a person who owns, rents, leases, or uses any part of a building, structure, boat, trailer, or other place offering shelter or seclusion of an investigation pursuant to chapter 152C or 157 that may involve the building, structure, boat, trailer, or other place offering shelter or seclusion, the person shall have an affirmative duty to fully cooperate with the investigation.
b. A person who fails to fully cooperate with an investigation pursuant to paragraph “a” commits a serious misdemeanor.
2021 Acts, ch 123, §8
Referred to in §710A.3
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 710A - HUMAN TRAFFICKING › Section 710A.3 - Affirmative defense.

710A.3 Affirmative defense.
It shall be an affirmative defense, in addition to any other affirmative defenses for which a defendant may be eligible, to a prosecution for a criminal violation of section 152C.5B, 152C.5C, 157.4A, 157.4B, 710A.2, 710A.2A, or 710A.2B, that the violation directly resulted from the defendant’s status as a victim of any human trafficking crime under chapter 710A.
2006 Acts, ch 1074, §4; 2021 Acts, ch 123, §9
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 710A - HUMAN TRAFFICKING › Section 710A.4 - Restitution — restorative expenses.

710A.4 Restitution — restorative expenses.
1. For purposes of this section, “restorative expenses” means the projected costs of education, vocational training, medical health, mental health, transportation, housing, child care, or other projected costs that will aid in a victim’s recovery.
2. The gross income of a defendant or the value of labor or services performed by a victim of the defendant shall be considered when determining restitution pursuant to chapter 910. For purposes of this section, restitution may include restorative expenses for a period not to exceed three years as approved and ordered by the court.
3. A defendant’s ability to pay shall not be a factor in the court’s decision to order restorative expenses.
4. A defendant’s obligation to pay court-ordered restorative expenses shall not be dischargeable in any proceeding under the federal Bankruptcy Act of 1898, as amended.
2006 Acts, ch 1074, §5; 2021 Acts, ch 123, §10
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 710A - HUMAN TRAFFICKING › Section 710A.5 - Certification.

710A.5 Certification.
A law enforcement agency investigating a crime described in section 710A.2 shall notify the attorney general in writing about the investigation. Upon request of the attorney general, such law enforcement agency shall provide copies of any investigative reports describing the immigration status and cooperation of the victim. The attorney general shall certify in writing to the United States department of justice or other federal agency that an investigation or prosecution under this chapter has begun and that the person who is a likely victim of a crime described in section 710A.2 is willing to cooperate or is cooperating with the investigation to enable the person, if eligible under federal law, to qualify for an appropriate special immigrant visa and to access available federal benefits. Cooperation with law enforcement shall not be required of a minor victim of a crime described in section 710A.2. This certification shall be made available to the victim and the victim’s designated legal representative.
2006 Acts, ch 1074, §6
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 710A - HUMAN TRAFFICKING › Section 710A.6 - Outreach, public awareness, and training programs.

710A.6 Outreach, public awareness, and training programs.
The crime victim assistance division of the department of justice, in cooperation with other governmental agencies and nongovernmental or community organizations, shall develop and conduct outreach, public awareness, and training programs for the general public, law enforcement agencies, first responders, potential victims, and persons conducting or regularly dealing with businesses or other ventures that have a high statistical incidence of debt bondage or forced labor or services. The programs shall train participants to recognize and report incidents of human trafficking and to suppress the demand that fosters exploitation of persons and leads to human trafficking.
2015 Acts, ch 138, §138, 161, 162
Referred to in §915.94
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 710A - HUMAN TRAFFICKING › Section 710A.7 - Peace officer referral.

710A.7 Peace officer referral.
If during the course of an investigation or prosecution under this chapter a peace officer has reason to believe that a person who purports to be licensed pursuant to chapter 152C or 157 does not possess a valid license or is in violation of any other state or federal laws, the peace officer may report such noncompliance to the appropriate licensing board under the professional licensure division within the department of public health, and to the appropriate state or federal authorities.
2021 Acts, ch 123, §11
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 711 - ROBBERY, AGGRAVATED THEFT, AND EXTORTION › Section 711.1 - Robbery defined.

711.1 Robbery defined.
1. A person commits a robbery when, having the intent to commit a theft, the person does any of the following acts to assist or further the commission of the intended theft or the person’s escape from the scene thereof with or without the stolen property:
a. Commits an assault upon another.
b. Threatens another with or purposely puts another in fear of immediate serious injury.
c. Threatens to commit immediately any forcible felony.
2. It is immaterial to the question of guilt or innocence of robbery that property was or was not actually stolen.
[C51, §2578; R60, §4201; C73, §3858; C97, §4753; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §13038; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §711.1]
2013 Acts, ch 30, §205
Definition of forcible felony, §702.11
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 711 - ROBBERY, AGGRAVATED THEFT, AND EXTORTION › Section 711.2 - Robbery in the first degree.

711.2 Robbery in the first degree.
A person commits robbery in the first degree when, while perpetrating a robbery, the person purposely inflicts or attempts to inflict serious injury, or is armed with a dangerous weapon. Robbery in the first degree is a class “B” felony.
[C51, §2579; R60, §4202; C73, §3859; C97, §4754; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §13039; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §711.2]
Referred to in §671A.2, 711.3B, 902.12
Definition of forcible felony, §702.11
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 711 - ROBBERY, AGGRAVATED THEFT, AND EXTORTION › Section 711.3 - Robbery in the second degree.

711.3 Robbery in the second degree.
All robbery which is not robbery in the first degree is robbery in the second degree. Robbery in the second degree is a class “C” felony.
[C51, §2580; R60, §4203; C73, §3860; C97, §4755; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §13040; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §711.3]
2016 Acts, ch 1104, §3; 2019 Acts, ch 140, §3
Referred to in §711.3B, 902.12
Definition of forcible felony, §702.11
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 711 - ROBBERY, AGGRAVATED THEFT, AND EXTORTION › Section 711.3B - Aggravated theft.

711.3B Aggravated theft.
1. A person commits aggravated theft when the person commits an assault as defined in section 708.1, subsection 2, paragraph “a”, that is punishable as a simple misdemeanor under section 708.2, subsection 6, after the person has removed or attempted to remove property not exceeding three hundred dollars in value which has not been purchased from a store or mercantile establishment, or has concealed such property of the store or mercantile establishment, either on the premises or outside the premises of the store or mercantile establishment.
2. a. A person who commits aggravated theft is guilty of an aggravated misdemeanor.
b. A person who commits aggravated theft, and who has previously been convicted of an aggravated theft, robbery in the first degree in violation of section 711.2, robbery in the second degree in violation of section 711.3, or extortion in violation of section 711.4, is guilty of a class “D” felony.
3. In determining if a violation is a class “D” felony offense the following shall apply:
a. A deferred judgment entered pursuant to section 907.3 for a violation of any offense specified in subsection 2 shall be counted as a previous offense.
b. A conviction or the equivalent of a deferred judgment for a violation in any other states under statutes substantially corresponding to an offense specified in subsection 2 shall be counted as a previous offense. The courts shall judicially notice the statutes of other states which define offenses substantially equivalent to the offenses specified in this section and can therefore be considered corresponding statutes.
4. Aggravated theft is not an included offense of robbery in the first or second degree.
2019 Acts, ch 140, §4
Referred to in §808.12
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 711 - ROBBERY, AGGRAVATED THEFT, AND EXTORTION › Section 711.4 - Extortion.

711.4 Extortion.
1. A person commits extortion if the person does any of the following with the purpose of obtaining for oneself or another anything of value, tangible or intangible, including labor or services:
a. Threatens to inflict physical injury on some person, or to commit any public offense.
b. Threatens to accuse another of a public offense.
c. Threatens to expose any person to hatred, contempt, or ridicule.
d. Threatens to harm the credit or business or professional reputation of any person.
e. Threatens to take or withhold action as a public officer or employee, or to cause some public official or employee to take or withhold action.
f. Threatens to testify or provide information or to withhold testimony or information with respect to another’s legal claim or defense.
g. Threatens to wrongfully injure the property of another.
2. Extortion is a class “D” felony.
3. It is a defense to a charge of extortion that the person making a threat other than a threat to commit a public offense, reasonably believed that the person had a right to make such threats in order to recover property, or to receive compensation for property or services, or to recover a debt to which the person has a good faith claim.
4. A person convicted of extortion under this section shall be required to register as a sex offender pursuant to the provisions of chapter 692A, if a determination is made that the offense was sexually motivated pursuant to section 692A.126.
[C51, §2590; R60, §4213; C73, §3871; C97, §4767; S13, §4767; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §13164; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §720.1; C79, 81, §711.4]
2013 Acts, ch 90, §231; 2021 Acts, ch 89, §4
Referred to in §692A.102, 692A.126, 711.3B
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 712 - ARSON › Section 712.1 - Arson defined.

712.1 Arson defined.
1. Causing a fire or explosion, or placing any burning or combustible material, or any incendiary or explosive device or material, in or near any property with the intent to destroy or damage such property, or with the knowledge that such property will probably be destroyed or damaged, is arson, whether or not any such property is actually destroyed or damaged. Provided, that where a person who owns said property which the defendant intends to destroy or damage, or which the defendant knowingly endangers, consented to the defendant’s acts, and where no insurer has been exposed fraudulently to any risk, and where the act was done in such a way as not to unreasonably endanger the life or property of any other person the act shall not be arson.
2. Causing a fire or explosion that damages or destroys property while manufacturing or attempting to manufacture a controlled substance in violation of section 124.401 is arson. Even if a person who owns property which the defendant intends to destroy or damage, or which the defendant knowingly endangers, consents to the defendant’s act, and even if an insurer has not been exposed fraudulently to any risk, and even if the act was done in such a way as not to unreasonably endanger the life or property of any person, the act constitutes arson.
[C51, §2598 – 2603; R60, §4222 – 4227; C73, §3880 – 3885; C97, §4776 – 4781, 4795, 4798; C24, §12963, 12964, 12984 – 12989; C27, 31, 35, §12963, 12964, 12991-b1 – b3, -b5; C39, §12963, 12964, 12991.1 – 12991.3, 12991.5; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §697.3, 697.4, 707.1 – 707.3, 707.5; C79, 81, §712.1]
2004 Acts, ch 1125, §13
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 712 - ARSON › Section 712.2 - Arson in the first degree.

712.2 Arson in the first degree.
1. Arson is arson in the first degree when the presence of one or more persons can be reasonably anticipated in or near the property which is the subject of the arson, or the arson results in the death of a fire fighter, whether paid or volunteer.
2. Arson in the first degree is a class “B” felony.
[C51, §2598, 2599; R60, §4222, 4223; C73, §3880, 3881; C97, §4776, 4777, 4795; C24, §12964, 12984, 12985; C27, 31, 35, §12964, 12991-b1; C39, §12964, 12991.1; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §697.4, 707.1; C79, 81, §712.2]
84 Acts, ch 1064, §1; 2004 Acts, ch 1125, §14; 2020 Acts, ch 1062, §70
Referred to in §902.12
Definition of forcible felony, §702.11
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 712 - ARSON › Section 712.3 - Arson in the second degree.

712.3 Arson in the second degree.
1. Arson which is not arson in the first degree is arson in the second degree when the property which is the subject of the arson is a building or a structure, or real property of any kind, or standing crops, or is personal property the value of which exceeds seven hundred fifty dollars.
2. Arson in the second degree is a class “C” felony.
[C51, §2600 – 2602; R60, §4224 – 4226; C73, §3882 – 3884; C97, §4778 – 4780; C24, §12986 – 12988; C27, 31, 35, §12991-b1, 12991-b3; C39, §12991.2, 12991.3; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §707.2, 707.3; C79, 81, §712.3]
2004 Acts, ch 1125, §15; 2019 Acts, ch 140, §10; 2020 Acts, ch 1062, §71
Referred to in §712.9
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 712 - ARSON › Section 712.4 - Arson in the third degree.

712.4 Arson in the third degree.
1. Arson which is not arson in the first degree or arson in the second degree is arson in the third degree.
2. Arson in the third degree is an aggravated misdemeanor.
[C79, 81, §712.4]
2020 Acts, ch 1062, §72
Referred to in §712.9
2023 Iowa Code › Title XVI - CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE › Chapter 712 - ARSON › Section 712.5 - Reckless use of fire or explosives.

712.5 Reckless use of fire or explosives.
Any person who shall so use fire or any incendiary or explosive device or material as to recklessly endanger the property or safety of another shall be guilty of a serious misdemeanor.
[C51, §2607; R60, §4231; C73, §3889; C97, §4785; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §12992; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §707.7; C79, 81, §712.5]
Referred to in §712.9