reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 591 - CORPORATIONS LEGALIZED › Section 591.7 - Cooperative associations or corporations.

591.7 Cooperative associations or corporations.
In all instances where cooperative associations or corporations have been organized under the law as it appears in chapter 389, Code of 1927, where such associations or corporations have filed the original articles rather than a verified copy with the county recorder or where the secretary of state failed to certify the filing and acceptance of such articles, or where the certificate of the secretary of state contained a facsimile signature rather than the true signature of the secretary of state, or where there is any defect in the articles, notice, procedure or otherwise, the incorporation of such corporation or association and all of the corporate acts thereof are hereby legalized in all respects.
[C31, 35, §10413-c1; C39, §10413.1; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §591.7]
Referred to in §591.12
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 591 - CORPORATIONS LEGALIZED › Section 591.8 - Defective organization or renewal.

591.8 Defective organization or renewal.
In all cases wherein a corporation organized or purporting to have been organized under the laws of this state has adopted articles of incorporation or other instrument of similar import and has functioned as a corporation in carrying out the objects and purposes set forth therein and in the transaction of its business, but has failed to file its articles of incorporation or such other instrument with the secretary of state, or otherwise to comply with the laws of this state relating to the organization of corporations, or to take appropriate action for the renewal of its existence within the period limited by law, and has, subsequent thereto, filed in the office of the secretary of state its renewal articles of incorporation and a certificate of the adoption thereof, paid all fees in connection therewith and has heretofore received a certificate from the secretary of state renewing and extending its corporate existence, the acts, franchises, rights, privileges and corporate existence of any such corporation are hereby legalized and validated and shall have the same force and effect as if all the laws of this state relating to the organization of corporations and the renewal of their corporate existence had been strictly complied with.
[C31, 35, §10413-d1; C39, §10413.2; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §591.8]
Referred to in §591.12
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 591 - CORPORATIONS LEGALIZED › Section 591.9 - Interstate bridges — merger and consolidation.

591.9 Interstate bridges — merger and consolidation.
In all cases wherein any corporation organized or purporting to have been organized under the laws of this state for the purpose of constructing or operating a bridge or both, one extremity of which shall rest in an adjacent state, has attempted to merge or consolidate its stock, property, franchises, assets and liabilities with the stock, property, franchises, assets and liabilities of a corporation organized or purporting to have been organized for a similar purpose under the laws of such adjacent state, and such corporations have in fact united and combined their stock, property, franchises, assets and liabilities, such merger or consolidation, together with the action taken in effecting such merger or consolidation, is hereby legalized and validated, and such corporations so merging or consolidating shall be deemed to have become one corporation under such name as shall have been agreed upon, and such corporation shall be deemed on the date of such merger or consolidation to have succeeded to all the property, rights, privileges, assets and franchises and to have assumed all of the liabilities of such merging or consolidating corporations.
[C31, 35, §10413-d2; C39, §10413.3; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §591.9]
Referred to in §591.12
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 591 - CORPORATIONS LEGALIZED › Section 591.10 - Failure to publish notice of renewal.

591.10 Failure to publish notice of renewal.
In all instances where there has been an omission to publish notice of renewal within three months after the filing of the certificate and articles of incorporation with the secretary of state as provided in section 491.32, Code 1954, but such notice was published thereafter in the manner and form as required by law and proof of publication filed in the office of the secretary of state, such notices are hereby legalized and shall have the same force and effect as though published within said period of three months and proper proof of publication thereof was filed.
[C54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §591.10]
Referred to in §591.12
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 591 - CORPORATIONS LEGALIZED › Section 591.11 - Failure to publish notice of amendment.

591.11 Failure to publish notice of amendment.
In all instances where notices of amendments to articles of incorporation have not been published within three months after the filing with and approval by the secretary of state of such amendments, as provided in section 491.20, Code 1954, but such notices have been thereafter published in the form and manner as required by law and proof of publication filed with the secretary of state, such notices are hereby legalized and shall have the same force and effect as though published within said period of three months and proper proof of publication filed with the secretary of state.
[C54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §591.11]
2006 Acts, ch 1010, §151
Referred to in §591.12
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 591 - CORPORATIONS LEGALIZED › Section 591.12 - Effect of foregoing statutes.

591.12 Effect of foregoing statutes.
Sections 591.1 through 591.11 shall not affect pending litigation and shall not operate to revive rights or claims previously barred, and shall not permit an action to be brought or maintained upon any claim or cause of action which was barred by any statute which was in force prior to July 4, 1955.
[C58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §591.12]
2021 Acts, ch 80, §349
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 591 - CORPORATIONS LEGALIZED › Section 591.13 - Corporation stock — certificates of information.

591.13 Corporation stock — certificates of information.
In all instances in which corporations, incorporated under the laws of this state, have properly issued any of their capital stock prior to July 4, 1951, and have filed in the office of secretary of state certificates relative thereto containing the specific information required by statute at the time of the issuance of said stock, although there has been failure to file such certificates in said office within the time specified therefor by law, such filings are hereby legalized and shall be held to have the same force and effect as though the filings of the said certificates had been made within the period prescribed by the statute then in effect.
[C58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §591.13]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 591 - CORPORATIONS LEGALIZED › Section 591.14 - Failure to file certificate — penalty.

591.14 Failure to file certificate — penalty.
Any corporation organized under the laws of this state which failed to file with the office of secretary of state a certificate relative to any issuance of its capital stock prior to July 4, 1951, containing the specific information required by statute at the time of such issuance of stock may file with the office of the secretary of state subsequent to July 4, 1955, a certificate of issuance of said stock upon first paying to the secretary of state a penalty of ten dollars when said certificate is offered for filing and, provided that the penalty herein provided for is first paid and that said certificate contains the specific information required by section 492.9, said certificate when so filed shall be received by the secretary of state as a compliance with the statutes requiring the filing of such certificates in effect at the time of the issuance of said stock and shall be held to have the same force and effect as though the filing of said certificate had been made within the period prescribed by statute then in effect.
[C58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §591.14]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 591 - CORPORATIONS LEGALIZED › Section 591.15 - Failure to publish notice of incorporation or amendment.

591.15 Failure to publish notice of incorporation or amendment.
In all instances where the incorporators, stockholders and directors of corporations organized in this state for pecuniary profit have omitted to publish notice of incorporation or notice of amendments to articles of incorporation within three months after the date of the certificates of incorporation issued by the secretary of state or approval by the secretary of state of such amendments, but have published such notices of incorporation or notices of amendments to articles of incorporation and filed proper proof of publication with the secretary of state prior to July 4, 1963, such notices of incorporation and notices of amendments to articles of incorporation are hereby legalized and shall have the same force and effect as though published within said period of three months.
[C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §591.15]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 591 - CORPORATIONS LEGALIZED › Section 591.16 - Nonprofit corporate renewal legalized.

591.16 Nonprofit corporate renewal legalized.
1. In all cases wherein any corporation organized under chapter 2 of Title IX, Code of 1897, or chapter 394 of the Codes of 1924, 1927, 1931, 1935 and 1939, or chapter 504 of the Codes of 1946, 1950, 1954, 1958 and 1962, or purporting to have been organized, reincorporated or renewed thereunder, whose articles of incorporation, either original or on renewal or reincorporation, are filed with the secretary of state has thereafter taken action to reincorporate or renew its period of existence and has filed with the secretary of state articles of incorporation on renewal or reincorporation with a certificate or proof of the adoption thereof and has paid all fees in connection therewith and has heretofore received a certificate from the secretary of state approving said articles of incorporation filed on renewal or reincorporation, the acts, franchises, rights, privileges and corporate existence of any such corporation for the period provided by any such renewal or reincorporation but not in excess of the period permitted by law and the articles of incorporation adopted on such renewal or reincorporation, as filed in the office of the secretary of state, are hereby legalized and validated and shall have the same force and effect as if all the laws of this state relating to the organization or reincorporation of such corporations and the renewal of their corporate existence by reincorporation or renewal had been strictly complied with.
2. This section shall not operate to revive rights or claims previously barred and shall not permit an action to be brought or maintained upon any claim or cause of action which was barred by any statute which was in force prior to April 3, 1964.
[C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §591.16]
2021 Acts, ch 76, §150; 2022 Acts, ch 1032, §99
Subsection 2 amended
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 591 - CORPORATIONS LEGALIZED › Section 591.17 - Nonprofit corporations legalized.

591.17 Nonprofit corporations legalized.
1. In all instances where corporations not for pecuniary profit have heretofore adopted renewal articles of incorporation or articles of reincorporation and there has been a failure to set forth therein the time of the annual meeting or the time of the annual meeting of the trustees or directors and such renewal articles of incorporation or articles of reincorporation are otherwise complete and in compliance with the law as set forth in section 504.1, Code 1989, such renewal articles of incorporation or articles of reincorporation are hereby legalized and validated and shall be held to have the same force and effect as though all of such provisions had been complied with in all respects.
2. In all instances where corporations not for pecuniary profit have adopted renewal articles of incorporation or articles of reincorporation and the certificate thereof shall not have been signed and acknowledged by the three or more persons who shall have adopted the same but such documents shall have been signed and acknowledged by one or more officers of the corporation or of its board of directors or trustees, such certificates of renewal are hereby legalized and validated and shall be held to be in full force and effect.
[C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §591.17]
2004 Acts, ch 1086, §95; 2021 Acts, ch 76, §150
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 592 - CITIES AND TOWNS › Section 592.1 - Bonds for garbage disposal plants.

592.1 Bonds for garbage disposal plants.
All proceedings of such cities and towns as herein included, heretofore had, subsequent to the adoption of section 696-b [SS 15] by the thirty-sixth general assembly, and prior to the passage of this Act,* providing for the issuance of bonds within the limitations of this Act, for the purchase or erection of garbage disposal plants, the vote of the people authorizing such issue and the bonds issued under such proceedings and vote, are hereby legalized and declared legal and valid, the same as though all of the provisions of this Act had been included in said section 696-b of the supplemental supplement to the Code, 1915, and such cities may issue and sell such bonds without again submitting such question to vote.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10414; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §592.1]
*See 1917 Acts, ch 36717 Acts, ch 367, effective May 1, 1917
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 592 - CITIES AND TOWNS › Section 592.2 - Plats legalized.

592.2 Plats legalized.
None of the provisions of this chapter [ch 13, title V, Code of 1897] shall be construed to require replatting in any case where plats have been made and recorded in pursuance of law; and all plats heretofore filed for record and not subsequently vacated are hereby declared valid, notwithstanding irregularities and omissions in the required statement or plat, or in the manner or form of acknowledgment, or certificates thereof.
[C73, §571; C97, §929; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10415; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §592.2]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 592 - CITIES AND TOWNS › Section 592.4 - Making and recording plats.

592.4 Making and recording plats.
The acts of the county auditors of Iowa, in making and recording plats as authorized under sections 922, 923, and 924 of the Code of 1897, and sections 6289 through 6299 of subsequent Codes* to and including the Code of 1939, without first having properly signed or acknowledged the same, and the acts of the county recorders of Iowa in recording such plats, are hereby legalized and the same declared valid and binding the same as though they had in such respects been made and recorded in strict compliance with law.
[S13, §924-a; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10417; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §592.4]
2021 Acts, ch 76, §140
*The cited provisions did not appear at sections 6289 – 6299 until the Code of 1924; see, sections 4079 – 4080 of the Compiled Code of 1919
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 592 - CITIES AND TOWNS › Section 592.5 - Ordinances and proceedings of council.

592.5 Ordinances and proceedings of council.
All acts, motions, proceedings, resolutions, and ordinances heretofore passed or adopted by the council of any city and incorporated towns in the state on the supposition that the mayor was not a member of such council, and which would conform to the law if the mayor had not been a member of said council, shall for all purposes from the date of such act, motion, proceeding, resolution, or ordinance, be considered as valid and legal as they would have been had the mayor not been a member of such body.
[S13, §658-a; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10418; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §592.5]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 592 - CITIES AND TOWNS › Section 592.6 - Contracts, elections and ordinances in re libraries.

592.6 Contracts, elections and ordinances in re libraries.
Where cities or incorporated towns and institutions of learning have established or contracted to establish public libraries to be maintained and controlled jointly as contemplated by this Act,* all contracts, elections, ordinances, and other proceedings made, held, or passed in the manner provided by law are hereby declared as valid and obligatory upon the parties thereto as though the same had been made, held, or passed after the taking effect of this Act.
[S13, §730-a; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10419; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §592.6]
*See
1904 Acts, ch 24, §3
, effective July 4, 1904
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 592 - CITIES AND TOWNS › Section 592.7 - Changing names of streets.

592.7 Changing names of streets.
Whereas, certain cities throughout the state of Iowa have passed ordinances changing the name or names of certain streets in the cities;
Now, therefore, it is provided that the acts of the city councils of the cities in enacting the ordinances changing the names of certain streets are hereby declared valid. The proper method for recording a change of street name is found in section 354.26.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10420; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §592.7]
90 Acts, ch 1236, §51
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 592 - CITIES AND TOWNS › Section 592.8 - Taxes for secondary roads.

592.8 Taxes for secondary roads.
All taxes heretofore* assessed, levied or collected by any county, for secondary road construction and maintenance purposes, on real and personal property within cities and towns located in any such county, be and the same are hereby declared to be legal and valid, and where the same have not been paid, the officers of such counties are hereby empowered and directed to proceed at once to collect the same as other taxes are collected and to use the same for authorized secondary road construction and maintenance purposes.
[C58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §592.8]
*Effective May 27, 1955
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 592 - CITIES AND TOWNS › Section 592.9 - City waterworks.

592.9 City waterworks.
All proceedings taken prior to January 1, 1961 purporting to provide for the establishment, organization, formation, operation, or maintenance of a city waterworks and not previously declared invalid by any court, are legalized, validated and confirmed. All such proceedings are declared to be legally sufficient to create, establish and authorize the maintenance and operation of a city waterworks as a city utility, as defined in section 362.2, subsection 6.
[81 Acts, ch 187, §1]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 594A - SCHOOL CORPORATIONS › Section 594A.1 - Organization or change in boundaries.

594A.1 Organization or change in boundaries.
1. All proceedings taken prior to January 2, 1959, purporting to provide for the organization, reorganization, enlargement, or change in the boundaries of any school corporation in this state and not heretofore declared invalid by any court are hereby legalized, validated, and confirmed.
2. The foregoing shall not be construed to affect any litigation that may be pending at the time this section* becomes effective involving the organization, reorganization, enlargement, or change in boundaries of any school corporation.
[C58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §594A.1]
*Effective July 4, 1959
See also 59 Acts, ch 349, effective February 13, 1959
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 594A - SCHOOL CORPORATIONS › Section 594A.2 - Organization or change before July 2, 1960.

594A.2 Organization or change before July 2, 1960.
All proceedings taken prior to July 2, 1960, purporting to provide for the organization, reorganization, enlargement, or change in the boundaries of any school corporation in this state and not heretofore declared invalid by any court are hereby legalized, validated and confirmed.
[C62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §594A.2]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 594A - SCHOOL CORPORATIONS › Section 594A.3 - Organization or change before September 1, 1963.

594A.3 Organization or change before September 1, 1963.
1. All proceedings taken prior to September 1, 1963, purporting to provide for the organization, reorganization, enlargement, or change in the boundaries of any school corporation in this state and not heretofore declared invalid by any court are hereby legalized, validated, and confirmed.
2. The foregoing shall not be construed to affect any litigation that may be pending at the time this section becomes effective involving the organization, reorganization, enlargement, or change in boundaries of any school corporation.
[C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §594A.3]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 594A - SCHOOL CORPORATIONS › Section 594A.4 - Public community or junior colleges.

594A.4 Public community or junior colleges.
All proceedings heretofore taken by or on behalf of any school corporation for the organization, establishment and maintenance of a public community or junior college therein are hereby legalized, validated and confirmed.
[C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §594A.4]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 594A - SCHOOL CORPORATIONS › Section 594A.5 - Organization or change before January 1, 1965.

594A.5 Organization or change before January 1, 1965.
1. All proceedings taken prior to January 1, 1965, purporting to provide for the organization, reorganization, enlargement, or change in the boundaries of any school corporation in this state and not heretofore declared invalid by any court are hereby legalized, validated, and confirmed.
2. The foregoing shall not be construed to affect any litigation that may be pending at the time this section becomes effective involving the organization, reorganization, enlargement, or change in boundaries of any school corporation.
[C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §594A.5]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 594A - SCHOOL CORPORATIONS › Section 594A.6 - Organization or change before January 1, 1967.

594A.6 Organization or change before January 1, 1967.
1. All proceedings taken prior to January 1, 1967, purporting to provide for the organization of, reorganization of, attachment of territory to, enlargement of, or change in boundaries of any school corporation in this state and not heretofore declared invalid by any court are hereby legalized, validated, and confirmed.
2. The foregoing shall not be construed to affect any litigation that may be pending at the time this section becomes effective, involving the organization of, reorganization of, attachment of territory to, enlargement of, or change in boundaries of any school corporation.
3. This section shall not apply to proceedings purporting to provide for the attachment of territory to a school corporation pursuant to section 275.1, if such attachment was disapproved by the state board of public instruction pursuant to said section and was not subsequently approved by the state board of public instruction prior to January 1, 1967.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §594A.6]
2018 Acts, ch 1041, §127
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 594A - SCHOOL CORPORATIONS › Section 594A.7 - Merged area schools before January 1, 1969.

594A.7 Merged area schools before January 1, 1969.
1. All proceedings taken prior to January 1, 1969, purporting to provide for the establishment, organization, formation, and changes in the boundaries of merged areas under the provisions of chapter 260C and not heretofore declared invalid by any court, are hereby legalized, validated, and confirmed.
2. The foregoing shall not be construed to affect any litigation that may be pending July 1, 1969, involving the establishment, organization, formation, or changes in the boundaries of any such merged area.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §594A.7]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 594A - SCHOOL CORPORATIONS › Section 594A.8 - Organization or change before January 1, 1969.

594A.8 Organization or change before January 1, 1969.
1. All proceedings taken prior to January 1, 1969, purporting to provide for the organization of, reorganization of, attachment of territory to, enlargement of, or change in boundaries of any school corporation in this state and not heretofore declared invalid by any court are hereby legalized, validated, and confirmed.
2. The foregoing shall not be construed to affect any litigation that may be pending at the time this section becomes effective, involving the organization of, reorganization of, attachment of territory to, enlargement of, or change in boundaries of any school corporation.
3. This section shall not apply to proceedings purporting to provide for the attachment of territory to a school corporation pursuant to section 275.1, if such attachment was disapproved by the state board of public instruction pursuant to said section and was not subsequently approved by the state board of public instruction prior to January 1, 1969.
[C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §594A.8]
2018 Acts, ch 1041, §127
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIV - PROPERTY › Chapter 594A - SCHOOL CORPORATIONS › Section 594A.9 - Merged areas before January 1, 1972.

594A.9 Merged areas before January 1, 1972.
All proceedings taken after January 1, 1969 and prior to January 1, 1972, purporting to provide for the establishment, organization, formation, and changes in the boundaries of merged areas under the provisions of chapter 260C, and not heretofore declared invalid by any court, are legalized, validated, and confirmed. The foregoing shall not be construed to affect any litigation that may be pending July 1, 1972 involving the establishment, organization, formation, or changes in the boundaries of any such merged area.
[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §594A.9]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 595 - MARRIAGE › Section 595.1 - Definitions.

595.1 Definitions.
As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires, “book”, “list”, “record”, or “schedule” kept by a county auditor, assessor, treasurer, recorder, sheriff, or other county officer means the county system as defined in section 445.1.
2000 Acts, ch 1148, §1
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 595 - MARRIAGE › Section 595.1A - Contract.

595.1A Contract.
Marriage is a civil contract, requiring the consent of the parties capable of entering into other contracts, except as herein otherwise declared.
[C51, §1463; R60, §2515; C73, §2185; C97, §3139; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10427; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §595.1]
C2001, §595.1A
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 595 - MARRIAGE › Section 595.2 - Gender — age.

595.2 Gender — age.
1. Only a marriage between a male and a female is valid.
2. Additionally, a marriage between a male and a female is valid only if each is eighteen years of age or older. However, if either or both of the parties have not attained that age, the marriage may be valid under the circumstances prescribed in this section.
3. If either party to a marriage falsely represents the party’s self to be eighteen years of age or older at or before the time the marriage is solemnized, the marriage is valid unless the person who falsely represented their age chooses to void the marriage by making their true age known and verified by a birth certificate or other legal evidence of age in an annulment proceeding initiated at any time before the person reaches their eighteenth birthday. A child born of a marriage voided under this subsection is legitimate.
4. A marriage license may be issued to a male and a female either or both of whom are sixteen or seventeen years of age if both of the following apply:
a. The parents of the underage party or parties certify in writing that they consent to the marriage. If one of the parents of any underage party to a proposed marriage is dead or incompetent the certificate may be executed by the other parent, if both parents are dead or incompetent the guardian of the underage party may execute the certificate, and if the parents are divorced the parent having legal custody may execute the certificate; and
b. The certificate of consent of the parents, parent, or guardian is approved by a judge of the district court or, if both parents of any underage party to a proposed marriage are dead, incompetent, or cannot be located and the party has no guardian, the proposed marriage is approved by a judge of the district court. A judge shall grant approval under this subsection only if the judge finds the underage party or parties capable of assuming the responsibilities of marriage and that the marriage will serve the best interest of the underage party or parties. Pregnancy alone does not establish that the proposed marriage is in the best interest of the underage party or parties, however, if pregnancy is involved the court records which pertain to the fact that the female is pregnant shall be sealed and available only to the parties to the marriage or proposed marriage or to any interested party securing an order of the court.
5. If a parent or guardian withholds consent, the judge upon application of a party to a proposed marriage shall determine if the consent has been unreasonably withheld. If the judge so finds, the judge shall proceed to review the application under subsection 4, paragraph “b”.
[C51, §1464, 1469; R60, §2516, 2521; C73, §2186, 2191; C97, §3140, 3143; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10428, 10434; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, §595.2, 595.8; C77, 79, 81, §595.2]
85 Acts, ch 67, §53; 98 Acts, ch 1099, §1; 99 Acts, ch 114, §44
Referred to in §595.3, 595.20
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 595 - MARRIAGE › Section 595.3 - License.

595.3 License.
Previous to the solemnization of any marriage, a license for that purpose must be obtained from the county registrar. The license must not be granted in any case:
1. Where either party is under the age necessary to render the marriage valid.
2. Where either party is under eighteen years of age, unless the marriage is approved by a judge of the district court as provided by section 595.2.
3. Where either party is disqualified from making any civil contract.
4. Where the parties are within the degrees of consanguinity or affinity in which marriages are prohibited by law.
5. Where either party is a ward under a guardianship and the court has made a finding that the ward lacks the capacity to contract a valid marriage.
[C51, §1465 – 1467; R60, §2517, 2518; C73, §2187 – 2189; C97, §3141, 3142; S13, §3141; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10429, 10431; C46, 50, 54, 58, §595.3, 595.5; C62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §595.3]
91 Acts, ch 93, §2; 95 Acts, ch 124, §13, 26; 98 Acts, ch 1099, §2
Referred to in §595.18
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 595 - MARRIAGE › Section 595.3A - Application form and license — abuse prevention language.

595.3A Application form and license — abuse prevention language.
In addition to any other information contained in an application form for a marriage license and a marriage license, the application form and license shall contain the following statement in bold print:
The laws of this state affirm your right to enter into this marriage and at the same time to live within the marriage under the full protection of the laws of this state with regard to violence and abuse. Neither of you is the property of the other. Assault, sexual abuse, and willful injury of a spouse or other family member are violations of the laws of this state and are punishable by the state.
97 Acts, ch 175, §233
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 595 - MARRIAGE › Section 595.5 - Name change adopted.

595.5 Name change adopted.
1. A party may indicate on the application for a marriage license the adoption of a name change. The names used on the marriage license shall become the legal names of the parties to the marriage. The marriage license shall contain a statement that when a name change is requested and affixed to the marriage license, the new name is the legal name of the requesting party.
2. An individual shall have only one legal name at any one time.
[C79, 81, §595.5]
88 Acts, ch 1142, §1; 95 Acts, ch 124, §15, 26; 99 Acts, ch 150, §1; 2001 Acts, ch 143, §7
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 595 - MARRIAGE › Section 595.6 - Filing and record required.

595.6 Filing and record required.
The affidavit or certificate, in each case, shall be filed by the county registrar and constitute a part of the records of the registrar’s office. A memorandum of the affidavit or certificate shall also be entered in the license book.
[C51, §1468; R60, §2520; C73, §2190; C97, §3142; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10432; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §595.6]
85 Acts, ch 67, §55; 95 Acts, ch 124, §16, 26
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 595 - MARRIAGE › Section 595.7 - Delivery of blank with license.

595.7 Delivery of blank with license.
When a license is issued the county registrar shall deliver to the applicant a blank return for the marriage, and give instructions relative to the blank return as will insure a complete and accurate return.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10433; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §595.7]
95 Acts, ch 124, §17, 26
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 595 - MARRIAGE › Section 595.9 - Violations.

595.9 Violations.
If a marriage is solemnized without procuring a license, the parties married, and all persons aiding them, are guilty of a simple misdemeanor.
[C51, §1470; R60, §2522; C73, §2192; C97, §3144; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10435; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §595.9]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 595 - MARRIAGE › Section 595.10 - Who may solemnize.

595.10 Who may solemnize.
Marriages may be solemnized by:
1. A judge of the supreme court, court of appeals, or district court, including a district associate judge, associate juvenile judge, or a judicial magistrate, and including a senior judge as defined in section 602.9202, subsection 3.
2. A person ordained or designated as a leader of the person’s religious faith.
[C51, §1472; R60, §2524; C73, §2193; C97, §3145; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10436; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §595.10; 81 Acts, ch 188, §1]
83 Acts, ch 159, §1; 87 Acts, ch 115, §69; 95 Acts, ch 92, §3
Referred to in §595.12
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 595 - MARRIAGE › Section 595.11 - Nonstatutory solemnization — forfeiture.

595.11 Nonstatutory solemnization — forfeiture.
Marriages solemnized, with the consent of parties, in any manner other than that prescribed in this chapter, are valid; but the parties, and all persons aiding or abetting them, shall pay to the treasurer of state for deposit in the general fund of the state the sum of fifty dollars each; but this shall not apply to the person conducting the marriage ceremony, if within fifteen days after the ceremony is conducted, the person makes the required return to the county registrar.
[C51, §1474, 1475; R60, §2526, 2527; C73, §2195, 2196; C97, §3147; S13, §3147; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10437; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §595.11]
83 Acts, ch 185, §54, 62; 95 Acts, ch 124, §18, 26
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 595 - MARRIAGE › Section 595.12 - Fee and expenses.

595.12 Fee and expenses.
1. A judge or magistrate authorized to solemnize a marriage under section 595.10, subsection 1, may charge a reasonable fee for officiating and making return for each marriage solemnized at a time other than regular judicial working hours. In addition the judge or magistrate may charge the parties to the marriage for expenses incurred in solemnizing the marriage. No judge or magistrate shall make any charge for solemnizing a marriage during regular judicial working hours. The supreme court shall adopt rules prescribing the maximum fee and expenses that the judge or magistrate may charge.
2. A minister authorized to solemnize a marriage under section 595.10, subsection 2, may charge a reasonable fee for each marriage solemnization and making return in an amount agreed to by the parties.
[C51, §2551; R60, §4159; C73, §3828; C97, §3152; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10438; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §595.12]
83 Acts, ch 151, §1
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 595 - MARRIAGE › Section 595.13 - Certificate — return.

595.13 Certificate — return.
After the marriage has been solemnized, the officiating minister or magistrate shall attest to the marriage on the blank provided for that purpose and return the certificate of marriage within fifteen days to the county registrar who issued the marriage license.
[C51, §1473, 1476; R60, §2525, 2528; C73, §2194, 2197; C97, §3146; S13, §3146; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10439; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §595.13]
95 Acts, ch 124, §19, 26; 2000 Acts, ch 1140, §44; 2002 Acts, ch 1119, §189
See also §144.36 for certificate
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 595 - MARRIAGE › Section 595.15 - Inadequate return.

595.15 Inadequate return.
If the return of a marriage is not complete in every particular as required by the forms specified in section 144.12, the county registrar shall require the person making the same to supply the omitted information.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10441; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §595.15]
95 Acts, ch 124, §20, 26
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 595 - MARRIAGE › Section 595.16 - Spouse responsible for return.

595.16 Spouse responsible for return.
When a marriage is consummated without the services of a cleric or magistrate, the required return of the marriage may be made to the county registrar by either spouse.
[C51, §1478; R60, §2530; C73, §2199; C97, §3149; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10442; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §595.16]
95 Acts, ch 124, §21, 26
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 595 - MARRIAGE › Section 595.16A - Issuance of certified copy of certificate of marriage.

595.16A Issuance of certified copy of certificate of marriage.
Following receipt of the original certificate of marriage pursuant to section 144.36, the county registrar shall issue a certified copy of the original certificate of marriage to the parties to the marriage.
2000 Acts, ch 1140, §45, 49
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 595 - MARRIAGE › Section 595.17 - Exceptions.

595.17 Exceptions.
The provisions of this chapter, as they relate to procuring licenses and to the solemnizing of marriages are not applicable to members of a denomination having an unusual mode of entering the marriage relation.
[C51, §1477; R60, §2529; C73, §2198; C97, §3148; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10443; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §595.17; 82 Acts, ch 1152, §2]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 595 - MARRIAGE › Section 595.18 - Issue legitimatized.

595.18 Issue legitimatized.
Children born outside of a marriage become legitimate by the subsequent marriage of their parents. Children born of a marriage contracted in violation of section 595.3 or 595.19 are legitimate.
[C51, §1479; R60, §2531; C73, §2200; C97, §3150; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10444; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §595.18]
94 Acts, ch 1046, §30
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 595 - MARRIAGE › Section 595.19 - Void marriages.

595.19 Void marriages.
1. Marriages between the following persons who are related by blood are void:
a. Between a man and his father’s sister, mother’s sister, daughter, sister, son’s daughter, daughter’s daughter, brother’s daughter, or sister’s daughter.
b. Between a woman and her father’s brother, mother’s brother, son, brother, son’s son, daughter’s son, brother’s son, or sister’s son.
c. Between first cousins.
2. Marriages between persons either of whom has a husband or wife living are void, but, if the parties live and cohabit together after the death or divorce of the former husband or wife, such marriage shall be valid.
[R60, §4367, 4368; C73, §4030; C97, §3151, 4936; S13, §4936; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10445; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §595.19]
85 Acts, ch 99, §8; 94 Acts, ch 1023, §117
Referred to in §595.18
Incest, see §726.2
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 595 - MARRIAGE › Section 595.20 - Foreign marriages — validity.

595.20 Foreign marriages — validity.
A marriage which is solemnized in any other state, territory, country, or any foreign jurisdiction which is valid in that state, territory, country, or other foreign jurisdiction, is valid in this state if the parties meet the requirements for validity pursuant to section 595.2, subsection 1, and if the marriage would not otherwise be declared void.
98 Acts, ch 1099, §3
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 596 - PREMARITAL AGREEMENTS › Section 596.1 - Definitions.

596.1 Definitions.
As used in this chapter:
1. “Premarital agreement” means an agreement between prospective spouses made in contemplation of marriage and to be effective upon marriage.
2. “Property” means an interest, present or future, legal or equitable, vested or contingent, in real or personal property.
91 Acts, ch 77, §1
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 596 - PREMARITAL AGREEMENTS › Section 596.4 - Formalities.

596.4 Formalities.
A premarital agreement must be in writing and signed by both prospective spouses. It is enforceable without consideration other than the marriage. Both parties to the agreement shall execute all documents necessary to enforce the agreement.
91 Acts, ch 77, §4
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 596 - PREMARITAL AGREEMENTS › Section 596.5 - Content.

596.5 Content.
1. Parties to a premarital agreement may contract with respect to the following:
a. The rights and obligations of each of the parties in any of the property of either or both of them whenever and wherever acquired or located.
b. The right to buy, sell, use, transfer, exchange, abandon, lease, consume, expend, assign, create a security interest in, mortgage, encumber, dispose of, or otherwise manage and control property.
c. The disposition of property upon separation, dissolution of the marriage, death, or the occurrence or nonoccurrence of any other event.
d. The making of a will, trust, or other arrangement to carry out the provisions of the agreement.
e. The ownership rights in and disposition of the death benefit from a life insurance policy.
f. The choice of law governing the construction of the agreement.
g. Any other matter, including the personal rights and obligations of the parties, not in violation of public policy or a statute imposing a criminal penalty.
2. The right of a spouse or child to support shall not be adversely affected by a premarital agreement.
91 Acts, ch 77, §5
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 596 - PREMARITAL AGREEMENTS › Section 596.7 - Revocation.

596.7 Revocation.
After marriage, a premarital agreement may be revoked only as follows:
1. By a written agreement signed by both spouses. The revocation is enforceable without consideration.
2. To revoke a premarital agreement without the consent of the other spouse, the person seeking revocation must prove one or more of the following:
a. The person did not execute the agreement voluntarily.
b. The agreement was unconscionable when it was executed.
c. Before the execution of the agreement the person was not provided a fair and reasonable disclosure of the property or financial obligations of the other spouse; and the person did not have, or reasonably could not have had, an adequate knowledge of the property or financial obligations of the other spouse.
91 Acts, ch 77, §7
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 596 - PREMARITAL AGREEMENTS › Section 596.8 - Enforcement.

596.8 Enforcement.
1. A premarital agreement is not enforceable if the person against whom enforcement is sought proves any of the following:
a. The person did not execute the agreement voluntarily.
b. The agreement was unconscionable when it was executed.
c. Before the execution of the agreement the person was not provided a fair and reasonable disclosure of the property or financial obligations of the other spouse; and the person did not have, or reasonably could not have had, an adequate knowledge of the property or financial obligations of the other spouse.
2. If a provision of the agreement or the application of the provision to a party is found by the court to be unenforceable, the provision shall be severed from the remainder of the agreement and shall not affect the provisions, or application, of the agreement which can be given effect without the unenforceable provision.
91 Acts, ch 77, §8; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §261
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 596 - PREMARITAL AGREEMENTS › Section 596.9 - Unconscionability.

596.9 Unconscionability.
In any action under this chapter to revoke or enforce a premarital agreement the issue of unconscionability of a premarital agreement shall be decided by the court as a matter of law.
91 Acts, ch 77, §9
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 596 - PREMARITAL AGREEMENTS › Section 596.10 - Enforcement — void marriage.

596.10 Enforcement — void marriage.
If a marriage is determined to be void, an agreement that would otherwise have been a premarital agreement is enforceable only to the extent necessary to avoid an inequitable result.
91 Acts, ch 77, §10
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 596 - PREMARITAL AGREEMENTS › Section 596.11 - Limitation of actions.

596.11 Limitation of actions.
Any statute of limitations applicable to an action asserting a claim for relief under a premarital agreement is tolled during the marriage of the parties to the agreement. However, equitable defenses limiting the time for enforcement, including laches and estoppel, are available to either party.
91 Acts, ch 77, §11
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 596 - PREMARITAL AGREEMENTS › Section 596.12 - Effective date.

596.12 Effective date.
This chapter takes effect on January 1, 1992, and applies to any premarital agreement executed on or after that date. This chapter does not affect the validity under Iowa law of any premarital agreement entered into prior to January 1, 1992.
91 Acts, ch 77, §12
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 597 - HUSBAND AND WIFE › Section 597.1 - Property rights of married women.

597.1 Property rights of married women.
A married woman may own in her own right, real and personal property, acquired by descent, gift, or purchase, and manage, sell, and convey the same, and dispose thereof by will, to the same extent and in the same manner the husband can property belonging to him.
[C73, §2202; C97, §3153; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10446; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §597.1]
2023 Iowa Code › Title XV - JUDICIAL BRANCH AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES › Chapter 597 - HUSBAND AND WIFE › Section 597.2 - Interest of spouse in other’s property.

597.2 Interest of spouse in other’s property.
When property is owned by the husband or wife, the other has no interest therein which can be the subject of contract between them, nor such interest as will make the same liable for the contracts or liabilities of the one not the owner of the property, except as provided in this chapter.
[C73, §2203; C97, §3154; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10447; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §597.2]