reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.8404 - Wrongful registration.

554.8404 Wrongful registration.
1. Except as otherwise provided in section 554.8406, an issuer is liable for wrongful registration of transfer if the issuer has registered a transfer of a security to a person not entitled to it, and the transfer was registered:
a. pursuant to an ineffective indorsement or instruction;
b. after a demand that the issuer not register transfer became effective under section 554.8403, subsection 1, and the issuer did not comply with section 554.8403, subsection 2;
c. after the issuer had been served with an injunction, restraining order, or other legal process enjoining it from registering the transfer, issued by a court of competent jurisdiction, and the issuer had a reasonable opportunity to act on the injunction, restraining order, or other legal process; or
d. by an issuer acting in collusion with the wrongdoer.
2. An issuer that is liable for wrongful registration of transfer under subsection 1 on demand shall provide the person entitled to the security with a like certificated or uncertificated security, and any payments or distributions that the person did not receive as a result of the wrongful registration. If an overissue would result, the issuer’s liability to provide the person with a like security is governed by section 554.8210.
3. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 1 or in a law relating to the collection of taxes, an issuer is not liable to an owner or other person suffering loss as a result of the registration of a transfer of a security if registration was made pursuant to an effective indorsement or instruction.
[C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §554.8404]
89 Acts, ch 113, §40; 96 Acts, ch 1138, §44, 84
Referred to in §554.8406
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.8405 - Replacement of lost, destroyed, or wrongfully taken security certificate.

554.8405 Replacement of lost, destroyed, or wrongfully taken security certificate.
1. If an owner of a certificated security, whether in registered or bearer form, claims that the certificate has been lost, destroyed, or wrongfully taken, the issuer shall issue a new certificate if the owner:
a. so requests before the issuer has notice that the certificate has been acquired by a protected purchaser;
b. files with the issuer a sufficient indemnity bond; and
c. satisfies other reasonable requirements imposed by the issuer.
2. If, after the issue of a new security certificate, a protected purchaser of the original certificate presents it for registration of transfer, the issuer shall register the transfer unless an overissue would result. In that case, the issuer’s liability is governed by section 554.8210. In addition to any rights on the indemnity bond, an issuer may recover the new certificate from a person to whom it was issued or any person taking under that person, except a protected purchaser.
[S13, §3060-a199, -a200; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §9659, 9660; C46, §541.199, 541.200; C50, 54, 58, 62, §493A.17, 541.199; C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §554.8405]
89 Acts, ch 113, §41; 96 Acts, ch 1138, §45, 84
Referred to in §501A.905, 554.8406, 556.13
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.8406 - Obligation to notify issuer of lost, destroyed, or wrongfully taken security certificate.

554.8406 Obligation to notify issuer of lost, destroyed, or wrongfully taken security certificate.
If a security certificate has been lost, apparently destroyed, or wrongfully taken, and the owner fails to notify the issuer of that fact within a reasonable time after the owner has notice of it and the issuer registers a transfer of the security before receiving notification, the owner may not assert against the issuer a claim for registering the transfer under section 554.8404 or a claim to a new security certificate under section 554.8405.
[C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §554.8406]
89 Acts, ch 113, §42; 96 Acts, ch 1138, §46, 84
Referred to in §554.8404
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.8407 - Authenticating trustee, transfer agent, and registrar.

554.8407 Authenticating trustee, transfer agent, and registrar.
A person acting as authenticating trustee, transfer agent, registrar, or other agent for an issuer in the registration of a transfer of its securities, in the issue of new security certificates or uncertificated securities, or in the cancellation of surrendered security certificates has the same obligation to the holder or owner of a certificated or uncertificated security with regard to the particular functions performed as the issuer has in regard to those functions.
89 Acts, ch 113, §43; 96 Acts, ch 1138, §47, 84
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.8501 - Securities account — acquisition of security entitlement from securities intermediary.

554.8501 Securities account — acquisition of security entitlement from securities intermediary.
1. “Securities account” means an account to which a financial asset is or may be credited in accordance with an agreement under which the person maintaining the account undertakes to treat the person for whom the account is maintained as entitled to exercise the rights that comprise the financial asset.
2. Except as otherwise provided in subsections 4 and 5, a person acquires a security entitlement if a securities intermediary:
a. indicates by book entry that a financial asset has been credited to the person’s securities account;
b. receives a financial asset from the person or acquires a financial asset for the person and, in either case, accepts it for credit to the person’s securities account; or
c. becomes obligated under other law, regulation, or rule to credit a financial asset to the person’s securities account.
3. If a condition of subsection 2 has been met, a person has a security entitlement even though the securities intermediary does not itself hold the financial asset.
4. If a securities intermediary holds a financial asset for another person, and the financial asset is registered in the name of, payable to the order of, or specially indorsed to the other person, and has not been indorsed to the securities intermediary or in blank, the other person is treated as holding the financial asset directly rather than as having a security entitlement with respect to the financial asset.
5. Issuance of a security is not establishment of a security entitlement.
96 Acts, ch 1138, §48, 84
Referred to in §554.8102, 554.8104, 554.8502, 554.9102
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.8502 - Assertion of adverse claim against entitlement holder.

554.8502 Assertion of adverse claim against entitlement holder.
An action based on an adverse claim to a financial asset, whether framed in conversion, replevin, constructive trust, equitable lien, or other theory, may not be asserted against a person who acquires a security entitlement under section 554.8501 for value and without notice of the adverse claim.
96 Acts, ch 1138, §49, 84
Referred to in §554.8510
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.8503 - Property interest of entitlement holder in financial asset held by securities intermediary.

554.8503 Property interest of entitlement holder in financial asset held by securities intermediary.
1. To the extent necessary for a securities intermediary to satisfy all security entitlements with respect to a particular financial asset, all interests in that financial asset held by the securities intermediary are held by the securities intermediary for the entitlement holders, are not property of the securities intermediary, and are not subject to claims of creditors of the securities intermediary, except as otherwise provided in section 554.8511.
2. An entitlement holder’s property interest with respect to a particular financial asset under subsection 1 is a pro rata property interest in all interests in that financial asset held by the securities intermediary, without regard to the time the entitlement holder acquired the security entitlement or the time the securities intermediary acquired the interest in that financial asset.
3. An entitlement holder’s property interest with respect to a particular financial asset under subsection 1 may be enforced against the securities intermediary only by exercise of the entitlement holder’s rights under sections 554.8505 through 554.8508.
4. a. An entitlement holder’s property interest with respect to a particular financial asset under subsection 1 may be enforced against a purchaser of the financial asset or interest therein only if:
(1) insolvency proceedings have been initiated by or against the securities intermediary;
(2) the securities intermediary does not have sufficient interests in the financial asset to satisfy the security entitlements of all of its entitlement holders to that financial asset;
(3) the securities intermediary violated its obligations under section 554.8504 by transferring the financial asset or interest therein to the purchaser; and
(4) the purchaser is not protected under subsection 5.
b. The trustee or other liquidator, acting on behalf of all entitlement holders having security entitlements with respect to a particular financial asset, may recover the financial asset, or interest therein, from the purchaser. If the trustee or other liquidator elects not to pursue that right, an entitlement holder whose security entitlement remains unsatisfied has the right to recover its interest in the financial asset from the purchaser.
5. An action based on the entitlement holder’s property interest with respect to a particular financial asset under subsection 1, whether framed in conversion, replevin, constructive trust, equitable lien, or other theory, may not be asserted against any purchaser of a financial asset or interest therein who gives value, obtains control, and does not act in collusion with the securities intermediary in violating the securities intermediary’s obligations under section 554.8504.
96 Acts, ch 1138, §50, 84; 2012 Acts, ch 1023, §157
Referred to in §554.8104
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.8504 - Duty of securities intermediary to maintain financial asset.

554.8504 Duty of securities intermediary to maintain financial asset.
1. A securities intermediary shall promptly obtain and thereafter maintain a financial asset in a quantity corresponding to the aggregate of all security entitlements it has established in favor of its entitlement holders with respect to that financial asset. The securities intermediary may maintain those financial assets directly or through one or more other securities intermediaries.
2. Except to the extent otherwise agreed by its entitlement holder, a securities intermediary may not grant any security interests in a financial asset it is obligated to maintain pursuant to subsection 1.
3. A securities intermediary satisfies the duty in subsection 1 if:
a. the securities intermediary acts with respect to the duty as agreed upon by the entitlement holder and the securities intermediary; or
b. in the absence of agreement, the securities intermediary exercises due care in accordance with reasonable commercial standards to obtain and maintain the financial asset.
4. This section does not apply to a clearing corporation that is itself the obligor of an option or similar obligation to which its entitlement holders have security entitlements.
96 Acts, ch 1138, §51, 84
Referred to in §554.8503, 554.8509
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.8505 - Duty of securities intermediary with respect to payments and distributions.

554.8505 Duty of securities intermediary with respect to payments and distributions.
1. A securities intermediary shall take action to obtain a payment or distribution made by the issuer of a financial asset. A securities intermediary satisfies the duty if:
a. the securities intermediary acts with respect to the duty as agreed upon by the entitlement holder and the securities intermediary; or
b. in the absence of agreement, the securities intermediary exercises due care in accordance with reasonable commercial standards to attempt to obtain the payment or distribution.
2. A securities intermediary is obligated to its entitlement holder for a payment or distribution made by the issuer of a financial asset if the payment or distribution is received by the securities intermediary.
96 Acts, ch 1138, §52, 84
Referred to in §554.8503, 554.8509
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.8506 - Duty of securities intermediary to exercise rights as directed by entitlement holder.

554.8506 Duty of securities intermediary to exercise rights as directed by entitlement holder.
A securities intermediary shall exercise rights with respect to a financial asset if directed to do so by an entitlement holder. A securities intermediary satisfies the duty if:
1. the securities intermediary acts with respect to the duty as agreed upon by the entitlement holder and the securities intermediary; or
2. in the absence of agreement, the securities intermediary either places the entitlement holder in a position to exercise the rights directly or exercises due care in accordance with reasonable commercial standards to follow the direction of the entitlement holder.
96 Acts, ch 1138, §53, 84
Referred to in §554.8503, 554.8509
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.8507 - Duty of securities intermediary to comply with entitlement order.

554.8507 Duty of securities intermediary to comply with entitlement order.
1. A securities intermediary shall comply with an entitlement order if the entitlement order is originated by the appropriate person, the securities intermediary has had reasonable opportunity to assure itself that the entitlement order is genuine and authorized, and the securities intermediary has had reasonable opportunity to comply with the entitlement order. A securities intermediary satisfies the duty if:
a. the securities intermediary acts with respect to the duty as agreed upon by the entitlement holder and the securities intermediary; or
b. in the absence of agreement, the securities intermediary exercises due care in accordance with reasonable commercial standards to comply with the entitlement order.
2. If a securities intermediary transfers a financial asset pursuant to an ineffective entitlement order, the securities intermediary shall reestablish a security entitlement in favor of the person entitled to it, and pay or credit any payments or distributions that the person did not receive as a result of the wrongful transfer. If the securities intermediary does not reestablish a security entitlement, the securities intermediary is liable to the entitlement holder for damages.
96 Acts, ch 1138, §54, 84
Referred to in §554.8503, 554.8509
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.8508 - Duty of securities intermediary to change entitlement holder’s position to other form of security holding.

554.8508 Duty of securities intermediary to change entitlement holder’s position to other form of security holding.
A securities intermediary shall act at the direction of an entitlement holder to change a security entitlement into another available form of holding for which the entitlement holder is eligible, or to cause the financial asset to be transferred to a securities account of the entitlement holder with another securities intermediary. A securities intermediary satisfies the duty if:
1. the securities intermediary acts as agreed upon by the entitlement holder and the securities intermediary; or
2. in the absence of agreement, the securities intermediary exercises due care in accordance with reasonable commercial standards to follow the direction of the entitlement holder.
96 Acts, ch 1138, §55, 84
Referred to in §554.8503, 554.8509
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.8509 - Specification of duties of securities intermediary by other statute or regulation — manner of performance of duties of securities intermediary and exercise of rights of entitlement holder.

554.8509 Specification of duties of securities intermediary by other statute or regulation — manner of performance of duties of securities intermediary and exercise of rights of entitlement holder.
1. If the substance of a duty imposed upon a securities intermediary by sections 554.8504 through 554.8508 is the subject of other statute, regulation, or rule, compliance with that statute, regulation, or rule satisfies the duty.
2. To the extent that specific standards for the performance of the duties of a securities intermediary or the exercise of the rights of an entitlement holder are not specified by other statute, regulation, or rule or by agreement between the securities intermediary and entitlement holder, the securities intermediary shall perform its duties and the entitlement holder shall exercise its rights in a commercially reasonable manner.
3. The obligation of a securities intermediary to perform the duties imposed by sections 554.8504 through 554.8508 is subject to:
a. rights of the securities intermediary arising out of a security interest under a security agreement with the entitlement holder or otherwise; and
b. rights of the securities intermediary under other law, regulation, rule, or agreement to withhold performance of its duties as a result of unfulfilled obligations of the entitlement holder to the securities intermediary.
4. Sections 554.8504 through 554.8508 do not require a securities intermediary to take any action that is prohibited by other statute, regulation, or rule.
96 Acts, ch 1138, §56, 84
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.8510 - Rights of purchaser of security entitlement from entitlement holder.

554.8510 Rights of purchaser of security entitlement from entitlement holder.
1. In a case not covered by the priority rules in Article 9 or the rules stated in subsection 3, an action based on an adverse claim to a financial asset or security entitlement, whether framed in conversion, replevin, constructive trust, equitable lien, or other theory, may not be asserted against a person who purchases a security entitlement, or an interest therein, from an entitlement holder if the purchaser gives value, does not have notice of the adverse claim, and obtains control.
2. If an adverse claim could not have been asserted against an entitlement holder under section 554.8502, the adverse claim cannot be asserted against a person who purchases a security entitlement, or an interest therein, from the entitlement holder.
3. In a case not covered by the priority rules in Article 9, a purchaser for value of a security entitlement, or an interest therein, who obtains control has priority over a purchaser of a security entitlement, or an interest therein, who does not obtain control. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 4, purchasers who have control rank according to priority in time of:
a. the purchaser’s becoming the person for whom the securities account, in which the security entitlement is carried, is maintained, if the purchaser obtained control under section 554.8106, subsection 4, paragraph “a”;
b. the securities intermediary’s agreement to comply with the purchaser’s entitlement orders with respect to security entitlements carried or to be carried in the securities account in which the security entitlement is carried, if the purchaser obtained control under section 554.8106, subsection 4, paragraph “b”;
c. if the purchaser obtained control through another person under section 554.8106, subsection 4, paragraph “c”, the time on which priority would be based under this subsection if the other person were the secured party; or
4. A securities intermediary as purchaser has priority over a conflicting purchaser who has control unless otherwise agreed by the securities intermediary.
96 Acts, ch 1138, §57, 84; 2000 Acts, ch 1149, §154, 187
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.8511 - Priority among security interests and entitlement holders.

554.8511 Priority among security interests and entitlement holders.
1. Except as otherwise provided in subsections 2 and 3, if a securities intermediary does not have sufficient interests in a particular financial asset to satisfy both its obligations to entitlement holders who have security entitlements to that financial asset and its obligation to a creditor of the securities intermediary who has a security interest in that financial asset, the claims of entitlement holders, other than the creditor, have priority over the claim of the creditor.
2. A claim of a creditor of a securities intermediary who has a security interest in a financial asset held by a securities intermediary has priority over claims of the securities intermediary’s entitlement holders who have security entitlements with respect to that financial asset if the creditor has control over the financial asset.
3. If a clearing corporation does not have sufficient financial assets to satisfy both its obligations to entitlement holders who have security entitlements with respect to a financial asset and its obligation to a creditor of the clearing corporation who has a security interest in that financial asset, the claim of the creditor has priority over the claims of entitlement holders.
96 Acts, ch 1138, §58, 84
Referred to in §554.8503
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.9104 - Control of deposit account.

554.9104 Control of deposit account.
1. Requirements for control. A secured party has control of a deposit account if:
a. the secured party is the bank with which the deposit account is maintained;
b. the debtor, secured party, and bank have agreed in an authenticated record that the bank will comply with instructions originated by the secured party directing disposition of the funds in the deposit account without further consent by the debtor; or
c. the secured party becomes the bank’s customer with respect to the deposit account.
2. Debtor’s right to direct disposition. A secured party that has satisfied subsection 1 has control, even if the debtor retains the right to direct the disposition of funds from the deposit account.
2000 Acts, ch 1149, §4, 185, 187
Referred to in §554.9203, 554.9207, 554.9208, 554.9314, 554.9327, 554.9340, 554.9342, 554.9601, 554.9607
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.9105 - Control of electronic chattel paper.

554.9105 Control of electronic chattel paper.
1. General rule: control of electronic chattel paper. A secured party has control of electronic chattel paper if a system employed for evidencing the transfer of interests in the chattel paper reliably establishes the secured party as the person to which the chattel paper was assigned.
2. Specific facts giving control. A system satisfies subsection 1 if the record or records comprising the chattel paper are created, stored, and assigned in such a manner that:
a. a single authoritative copy of the record or records exists which is unique, identifiable and, except as otherwise provided in paragraphs “d”, “e”, and “f”, unalterable;
b. the authoritative copy identifies the secured party as the assignee of the record or records;
c. the authoritative copy is communicated to and maintained by the secured party or its designated custodian;
d. copies or amendments that add or change an identified assignee of the authoritative copy can be made only with the consent of the secured party;
e. each copy of the authoritative copy and any copy of a copy is readily identifiable as a copy that is not the authoritative copy; and
f. any amendment of the authoritative copy is readily identifiable as an authorized or unauthorized revision.
2000 Acts, ch 1149, §5, 185, 187; 2012 Acts, ch 1052, §4, 37
Referred to in §554.9203, 554.9207, 554.9208, 554.9314, 554.9330, 554.9601
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.9105A - Control of electronic money.

554.9105A Control of electronic money.
1. General rule — control of electronic money. A person has control of electronic money if:
a. the electronic money or a system in which the electronic money is recorded gives the person:
(1) the power to avail itself of substantially all the benefit from the electronic money; and
(2) exclusive power, subject to subsection 2, to:
(a) prevent others from availing themselves of substantially all the benefit from the electronic money; and
(b) transfer control of the electronic money to another person or cause another person to obtain control of other electronic money as a result of the transfer of the electronic money; and
b. the electronic money, a record attached to or logically associated with the electronic money, or a system in which the electronic money is recorded enables the person readily to identify itself in any way, including by name, identifying number, cryptographic key, office, or account number, as having the powers under paragraph “a”.
2. Control through another person. A person has control of electronic money if another person, other than the transferor of an interest in the electronic money:
a. has control of the electronic money and acknowledges that it has control on behalf of the person, or
b. obtains control of the electronic money after having acknowledged that it will obtain control of the electronic money on behalf of the person.
3. Meaning of exclusive. A power is exclusive under subsection 1, paragraph “a”, subparagraph (2), even if:
a. the electronic money or a system in which the electronic money is recorded limits the use of the electronic money or has a protocol programmed to transfer control; or
b. the person has agreed to share the power with another person.
2022 Acts, ch 1117, §16
Referred to in §554.9203, 554.9207, 554.9208, 554.9314, 554.9601
NEW section
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.9106 - Control of investment property.

554.9106 Control of investment property.
1. Control under section 554.8106. A person has control of a certificated security, uncertificated security, or security entitlement as provided in section 554.8106.
2. Control of commodity contract. A secured party has control of a commodity contract if:
a. the secured party is the commodity intermediary with which the commodity contract is carried; or
b. the commodity customer, secured party, and commodity intermediary have agreed that the commodity intermediary will apply any value distributed on account of the commodity contract as directed by the secured party without further consent by the commodity customer.
3. Effect of control of securities account or commodity account. A secured party having control of all security entitlements or commodity contracts carried in a securities account or commodity account has control over the securities account or commodity account.
2000 Acts, ch 1149, §6, 185, 187
Referred to in §554.9203, 554.9207, 554.9208, 554.9314, 554.9328, 554.9601
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.9107 - Control of letter-of-credit right.

554.9107 Control of letter-of-credit right.
A secured party has control of a letter-of-credit right to the extent of any right to payment or performance by the issuer or any nominated person if the issuer or nominated person has consented to an assignment of proceeds of the letter of credit under section 554.5114, subsection 3, or otherwise applicable law or practice.
2000 Acts, ch 1149, §7, 185, 187
Referred to in §554.9203, 554.9207, 554.9208, 554.9314, 554.9329, 554.9601
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.9107A - Control of controllable account, controllable electronic record, or controllable payment intangible.

554.9107A Control of controllable account, controllable electronic record, or controllable payment intangible.
1. Control under section 554.14105. A secured party has control of a controllable electronic record as provided in section 554.14105.
2. Control of controllable account and controllable payment intangible. A secured party has control of a controllable account or controllable payment intangible if the secured party has control of the controllable electronic record that evidences the controllable account or controllable payment intangible.
2022 Acts, ch 1117, §17
Referred to in §554.9203, 554.9207, 554.9314, 554.9601
NEW section
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.9108 - Sufficiency of description.

554.9108 Sufficiency of description.
1. Sufficiency of description. Except as otherwise provided in subsections 3, 4, and 5, a description of personal or real property is sufficient, whether or not it is specific, if it reasonably identifies what is described.
2. Examples of reasonable identification. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 4, a description of collateral reasonably identifies the collateral if it identifies the collateral by:
a. specific listing;
b. category;
c. except as otherwise provided in subsection 5, a type of collateral defined in this chapter;
d. quantity;
e. computational or allocational formula or procedure; or
f. except as otherwise provided in subsection 3, any other method, if the identity of the collateral is objectively determinable.
3. Supergeneric description not sufficient. A description of collateral as “all the debtor’s assets” or “all the debtor’s personal property” or using words of similar import does not reasonably identify the collateral.
4. Investment property. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 5, a description of a security entitlement, securities account, or commodity account is sufficient if it describes:
a. the collateral by those terms or as investment property; or
b. the underlying financial asset or commodity contract.
5. When description by type insufficient. A description only by type of collateral defined in this chapter is an insufficient description of:
a. a commercial tort claim; or
b. in a consumer transaction, consumer goods, a security entitlement, a securities account, or a commodity account.
2000 Acts, ch 1149, §8, 185, 187
Referred to in §554.9504
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.9110 - Security interests arising under Article 2 or 13.

554.9110 Security interests arising under Article 2 or 13.
A security interest arising under section 554.2401, 554.2505, 554.2711, subsection 3, or section 554.13508, subsection 5, is subject to this Article. However, until the debtor obtains possession of the goods:
1. the security interest is enforceable, even if section 554.9203, subsection 2, paragraph “c”, has not been satisfied;
2. filing is not required to perfect the security interest;
3. the rights of the secured party after default by the debtor are governed by Article 2 or 13; and
4. the security interest has priority over a conflicting security interest created by the debtor.
2000 Acts, ch 1149, §10, 185, 187
Referred to in §554.9109, 554.9203, 554.9322
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.9201 - General effectiveness of security agreement.

554.9201 General effectiveness of security agreement.
1. General effectiveness. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, a security agreement is effective according to its terms between the parties, against purchasers of the collateral, and against creditors.
2. Applicable consumer laws. A transaction subject to this Article is subject to any applicable rule of law which establishes a different rule for consumers, including as provided in chapter 537, or any other statute or regulation of this state that regulates the rates, charges, agreements, and practices for loans, credit sales, or other extensions of credit, and to any consumer protection statute or regulation.
3. Other applicable law controls. In case of conflict between this Article and a rule of law, statute, or regulation described in subsection 2, the rule of law, statute, or regulation controls. Failure to comply with a statute or regulation described in subsection 2 has only the effect the statute or regulation specifies.
4. Further deference to other applicable law. This Article does not:
a. validate any rate, charge, agreement, or practice that violates a rule of law, statute, or regulation described in subsection 2; or
b. extend the application of the rule of law, statute, or regulation to a transaction not otherwise subject to it.
2000 Acts, ch 1149, §11, 185, 187
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.9202 - Title to collateral immaterial.

554.9202 Title to collateral immaterial.
Except as otherwise provided with respect to consignments or sales of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes, the provisions of this Article with regard to rights and obligations apply whether title to collateral is in the secured party or the debtor.
2000 Acts, ch 1149, §12, 185, 187
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.9204 - After-acquired property — future advances.

554.9204 After-acquired property — future advances.
1. After-acquired collateral. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 2, a security agreement may create or provide for a security interest in after-acquired collateral.
2. When after-acquired property clause not effective. A security interest does not attach under a term constituting an after-acquired property clause to:
a. consumer goods, other than an accession when given as additional security, unless the debtor acquires rights in them within ten days after the secured party gives value; or
b. a commercial tort claim.
3. Future advances and other value. A security agreement may provide that collateral secures, or that accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes are sold in connection with, future advances or other value, whether or not the advances or value are given pursuant to commitment.
2000 Acts, ch 1149, §14, 185, 187
Accessions, see §554.9335
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.9205 - Use or disposition of collateral permissible.

554.9205 Use or disposition of collateral permissible.
1. When security interest not invalid or fraudulent. A security interest is not invalid or fraudulent against creditors solely because:
a. the debtor has the right or ability to:
(1) use, commingle, or dispose of all or part of the collateral, including returned or repossessed goods;
(2) collect, compromise, enforce, or otherwise deal with collateral;
(3) accept the return of collateral or make repossessions; or
(4) use, commingle, or dispose of proceeds; or
b. the secured party fails to require the debtor to account for proceeds or replace collateral.
2. Requirements of possession not relaxed. This section does not relax the requirements of possession if attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a security interest depends upon possession of the collateral by the secured party.
2000 Acts, ch 1149, §15, 185, 187
Secured parties rights on disposition of collateral and in proceeds, see §554.9315
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.9206 - Security interest arising in purchase or delivery of financial asset.

554.9206 Security interest arising in purchase or delivery of financial asset.
1. Security interest when person buys through securities intermediary. A security interest in favor of a securities intermediary attaches to a person’s security entitlement if:
a. the person buys a financial asset through the securities intermediary in a transaction in which the person is obligated to pay the purchase price to the securities intermediary at the time of the purchase; and
b. the securities intermediary credits the financial asset to the buyer’s securities account before the buyer pays the securities intermediary.
2. Security interest secures obligation to pay for financial asset. The security interest described in subsection 1 secures the person’s obligation to pay for the financial asset.
3. Security interest in payment against delivery transaction. A security interest in favor of a person that delivers a certificated security or other financial asset represented by a writing attaches to the security or other financial asset if:
a. the security or other financial asset:
(1) in the ordinary course of business is transferred by delivery with any necessary indorsement or assignment; and
(2) is delivered under an agreement between persons in the business of dealing with such securities or financial assets; and
b. the agreement calls for delivery against payment.
4. Security interest secures obligation to pay for delivery. The security interest described in subsection 3 secures the obligation to make payment for the delivery.
2000 Acts, ch 1149, §16, 185, 187
Referred to in §554.9203, 554.9309
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.9207 - Rights and duties of secured party having possession or control of collateral.

554.9207 Rights and duties of secured party having possession or control of collateral.
1. Duty of care when secured party in possession. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 4, a secured party shall use reasonable care in the custody and preservation of collateral in the secured party’s possession. In the case of chattel paper or an instrument, reasonable care includes taking necessary steps to preserve rights against prior parties unless otherwise agreed.
2. Expenses, risks, duties, and rights when secured party in possession. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 4, if a secured party has possession of collateral:
a. reasonable expenses, including the cost of insurance and payment of taxes or other charges, incurred in the custody, preservation, use, or operation of the collateral are chargeable to the debtor and are secured by the collateral;
b. the risk of accidental loss or damage is on the debtor to the extent of a deficiency in any effective insurance coverage;
c. the secured party shall keep the collateral identifiable, but fungible collateral may be commingled; and
d. the secured party may use or operate the collateral:
(1) for the purpose of preserving the collateral or its value;
(2) as permitted by an order of a court having competent jurisdiction; or
(3) except in the case of consumer goods, in the manner and to the extent agreed by the debtor.
3. Duties and rights when secured party in possession or control. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 4, a secured party having possession of collateral or control of collateral under section 554.7106, 554.9104, 554.9105, 554.9105A, 554.9106, 554.9107, or 554.9107A:
a. may hold as additional security any proceeds, except money or funds, received from the collateral;
b. shall apply money or funds received from the collateral to reduce the secured obligation, unless remitted to the debtor; and
c. may create a security interest in the collateral.
4. Buyer of certain rights to payment. If the secured party is a buyer of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes or a consignor:
a. subsection 1 does not apply unless the secured party is entitled under an agreement:
(1) to charge back uncollected collateral; or
(2) otherwise to full or limited recourse against the debtor or a secondary obligor based on the nonpayment or other default of an account debtor or other obligor on the collateral; and
b. subsections 2 and 3 do not apply.
2000 Acts, ch 1149, §17, 185, 187; 2007 Acts, ch 30, §45, 46, 67; 2022 Acts, ch 1117, §20
Referred to in §554.9601, 554.9602
Subsection 3 amended
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.9209 - Duties of secured party if account debtor has been notified of assignment.

554.9209 Duties of secured party if account debtor has been notified of assignment.
1. Applicability of section. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 3, this section applies if:
a. there is no outstanding secured obligation; and
b. the secured party is not committed to make advances, incur obligations, or otherwise give value.
2. Duties of secured party after receiving demand from debtor. Within ten days after receiving an authenticated demand by the debtor, a secured party shall send to an account debtor that has received notification of an assignment to the secured party as assignee under section 554.9406, subsection 1, an authenticated record that releases the account debtor from any further obligation to the secured party.
3. Inapplicability to sales. This section does not apply to an assignment constituting the sale of an account, chattel paper, or payment intangible.
2000 Acts, ch 1149, §19, 187
Referred to in §554.9625
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.9301 - Law governing perfection and priority of security interests.

554.9301 Law governing perfection and priority of security interests.
Except as otherwise provided in sections 554.9303, 554.9304, 554.9305, and 554.9306, the following rules determine the law governing perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in collateral:
1. Except as otherwise provided in this section, while a debtor is located in a jurisdiction, the local law of that jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in collateral.
2. While collateral is located in a jurisdiction, the local law of that jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a possessory security interest in that collateral.
3. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 4, while tangible negotiable documents, goods, instruments, tangible money, or tangible chattel paper is located in a jurisdiction, the local law of that jurisdiction governs:
a. perfection of a security interest in the goods by filing a fixture filing;
b. perfection of a security interest in timber to be cut; and
c. the effect of perfection or nonperfection and the priority of a nonpossessory security interest in the collateral.
4. The local law of the jurisdiction in which the wellhead or minehead is located governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in as-extracted collateral.
2000 Acts, ch 1149, §21, 185, 187; 2007 Acts, ch 30, §45, 46, 69; 2022 Acts, ch 1117, §23
Referred to in §554.1301, 554.9316
Subsection 3 amended
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.9302 - Law governing perfection and priority of agricultural liens.

554.9302 Law governing perfection and priority of agricultural liens.
While farm products are located in a jurisdiction, the local law of that jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of an agricultural lien on the farm products.
2000 Acts, ch 1149, §22, 185, 187
Referred to in §554.1301, 579A.2, 579B.3
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.9303 - Law governing perfection and priority of security interests in goods covered by a certificate of title.

554.9303 Law governing perfection and priority of security interests in goods covered by a certificate of title.
1. Applicability of section. This section applies to goods covered by a certificate of title, even if there is no other relationship between the jurisdiction under whose certificate of title the goods are covered and the goods or the debtor.
2. When goods covered by certificate of title. Goods become covered by a certificate of title when a valid application for the certificate of title and the applicable fee are delivered to the appropriate authority. Goods cease to be covered by a certificate of title at the earlier of the time the certificate of title ceases to be effective under the law of the issuing jurisdiction or the time the goods become covered subsequently by a certificate of title issued by another jurisdiction.
3. Applicable law. The local law of the jurisdiction under whose certificate of title the goods are covered governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in goods covered by a certificate of title from the time the goods become covered by the certificate of title until the goods cease to be covered by the certificate of title.
2000 Acts, ch 1149, §23, 185, 187
Referred to in §321.50, 554.1301, 554.9301
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.9304 - Law governing perfection and priority of security interests in deposit accounts.

554.9304 Law governing perfection and priority of security interests in deposit accounts.
1. Law of bank’s jurisdiction governs. The local law of a bank’s jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in a deposit account maintained with that bank.
2. Bank’s jurisdiction. The following rules determine a bank’s jurisdiction for purposes of this part:
a. If an agreement between the bank and the debtor governing the deposit account expressly provides that a particular jurisdiction is the bank’s jurisdiction for purposes of this part, this Article, or this chapter, that jurisdiction is the bank’s jurisdiction.
b. If paragraph “a” does not apply and an agreement between the bank and its customer governing the deposit account expressly provides that the agreement is governed by the law of a particular jurisdiction, that jurisdiction is the bank’s jurisdiction.
c. If neither paragraph “a” nor paragraph “b” applies and an agreement between the bank and its customer governing the deposit account expressly provides that the deposit account is maintained at an office in a particular jurisdiction, that jurisdiction is the bank’s jurisdiction.
d. If none of the preceding paragraphs applies, the bank’s jurisdiction is the jurisdiction in which the office identified in an account statement as the office serving the customer’s account is located.
e. If none of the preceding paragraphs applies, the bank’s jurisdiction is the jurisdiction in which the chief executive office of the bank is located.
2000 Acts, ch 1149, §24, 185, 187
Referred to in §554.1301, 554.9301
2023 Iowa Code › Title XIII - COMMERCE › Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE › Section 554.9306 - Law governing perfection and priority of security interests in letter-of-credit rights.

554.9306 Law governing perfection and priority of security interests in letter-of-credit rights.
1. Governing law — issuer’s or nominated person’s jurisdiction. Subject to subsection 3, the local law of the issuer’s jurisdiction or a nominated person’s jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in a letter-of-credit right if the issuer’s jurisdiction or nominated person’s jurisdiction is a state.
2. Issuer’s or nominated person’s jurisdiction. For purposes of this part, an issuer’s jurisdiction or nominated person’s jurisdiction is the jurisdiction whose law governs the liability of the issuer or nominated person with respect to the letter-of-credit right as provided in section 554.5116.
3. When section not applicable. This section does not apply to a security interest that is perfected only under section 554.9308, subsection 4.
2000 Acts, ch 1149, §26, 185, 187
Referred to in §554.1301, 554.9301