reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.249 - School zones.

321.249 School zones.
Cities and counties shall have the power to establish school zones and provide for the stopping of all motor vehicles approaching the school zones, when movable stop signs have been placed in the streets in the cities and highways in counties at the limits of the zones, notwithstanding the provisions of any statute to the contrary. All traffic-control devices provided for school zones shall conform to specifications included in the manual of traffic-control devices adopted by the department, except the provision prohibiting the use of portable or part-time stop signs.
[C31, 35, §4997-d1; C39, §5018.14; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.249]
97 Acts, ch 108, §14
Referred to in §331.362
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.250 - Equitable reprisal.

321.250 Equitable reprisal.
When the local authorities of other states shall, by the adoption of rules and regulations or otherwise, prohibit motor vehicles registered under the laws of this state from operating upon highways in any subdivision of such other state, the local authorities of this state may, by ordinance or otherwise, require the motor vehicles of the subdivisions of such other state while operating by their own power in this state to be registered under the laws of this state.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, §4998; C39, §5018.15; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.250]
Referred to in §331.362
Section not amended; headnote revised
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.253 - Department to erect signs.

321.253 Department to erect signs.
1. The department shall place and maintain such traffic-control devices, conforming to its manual and specifications, upon all primary highways as it deems necessary to indicate and to carry out the provisions of this chapter or to regulate, warn, or guide traffic. Whenever practical, the devices or signs shall be purchased from the director of the Iowa department of corrections.
2. The department shall post signs informing motorists of the penalties for speeding in a road work zone and that the scheduled fine for committing any other moving traffic violation in a road work zone is doubled.
[C24, 27, §4627; C31, 35, §4627, 5079-d7; C39, §5019.02; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.253]
83 Acts, ch 96, §157, 159, 160; 93 Acts, ch 114, §2; 97 Acts, ch 104, §19; 2008 Acts, ch 1124, §8
Analogous provisions, §321.345
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.253A - Directional signs relating to historic sites on land owned or managed by state agencies.

321.253A Directional signs relating to historic sites on land owned or managed by state agencies.
1. The department shall place and maintain directional signs upon primary highways which provide information about historic sites which are located on land owned or managed by an agency as defined in section 17A.2. The signs shall conform to the manual of uniform traffic devices. However, the directional signs are not subject to requirements applicable to tourist-oriented directional signs.
2. Upon request by a city or county in which a historic site is located on land owned or managed by an agency, the department shall distribute a directional sign as provided in this section to the city or county for erection upon roads or streets within their jurisdictions.
3. The location of the historic site shall be memorialized on transportation maps of the state published under the direction of the department and generally made available to the public. However, if it is not reasonable and feasible to display specific historic sites on the state transportation map, the department shall consult with the agency managing the historic site.
4. The department shall not erect, maintain, or distribute a directional sign or include on a transportation map information about a historic site located on land owned or managed by an agency if the department receives an objection by the agency.
90 Acts, ch 1183, §5
Referred to in §321.252
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.253B - Metric signs restricted.

321.253B Metric signs restricted.
The department shall not place a sign relating to a speed limit, distance, or measurement on a highway if the sign establishes the speed limit, distance, or measurement solely by using the metric system, unless specifically required by federal law.
95 Acts, ch 118, §23
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.254 - Local authorities restricted.

321.254 Local authorities restricted.
No local authority shall place or maintain any traffic-control device upon any highway under the jurisdiction of the department except by the latter’s permission.
[C39, §5019.03; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.254]
Referred to in §331.362
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.255 - Local traffic-control devices.

321.255 Local traffic-control devices.
Local authorities in their respective jurisdiction shall place and maintain such traffic-control devices upon highways under their jurisdiction as they may deem necessary to indicate and to carry out the provisions of this chapter or local traffic ordinances or to regulate, warn, or guide traffic. All such traffic-control devices hereafter erected shall conform to the state manual and specifications.
[C39, §5019.04; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.255]
Referred to in §331.362
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.256 - Obedience to official traffic-control devices.

321.256 Obedience to official traffic-control devices.
No driver of a vehicle shall disobey the instructions of any official traffic-control device placed in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, unless at the time otherwise directed by a peace officer subject to the exceptions granted the driver of an authorized emergency vehicle.
[C39, §5019.05; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.256]
Referred to in §321.482A, 321E.17, 805.8A(8)(b)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 8
Additional penalties for violations causing injury or death, see §321.482A
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.258 - Arrangement of lights on official traffic-control signals.

321.258 Arrangement of lights on official traffic-control signals.
1. Colored lights placed on a vertical official traffic-control signal face shall be arranged from the top to the bottom in the following order when used:
a. Circular red.
b. Steady or flashing left-turn red arrow.
c. Steady or flashing right-turn red arrow.
d. Circular yellow.
e. Circular green.
f. Straight-through green arrow.
g. Steady left-turn yellow arrow.
h. Flashing left-turn yellow arrow.
i. Left-turn green arrow.
j. Steady right-turn yellow arrow.
k. Flashing right-turn yellow arrow.
l. Right-turn green arrow.
2. Colored lights placed on a horizontal official traffic-control signal face shall be arranged from the left to the right in the following order when used:
a. Circular red.
b. Steady or flashing left-turn red arrow.
c. Steady or flashing right-turn red arrow.
d. Circular yellow.
e. Steady left-turn yellow arrow.
f. Flashing left-turn yellow arrow.
g. Left-turn green arrow.
h. Circular green.
i. Straight-through green arrow.
j. Steady right-turn yellow arrow.
k. Flashing right-turn yellow arrow.
l. Right-turn green arrow.
[C79, 81, §321.258]
2014 Acts, ch 1026, §77; 2014 Acts, ch 1123, §17; 2020 Acts, ch 1063, §147, 148
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.259 - Unauthorized signs, signals, or markings.

321.259 Unauthorized signs, signals, or markings.
1. No person shall place, maintain, or display upon or in view of any highway any sign, signal, marking, or device which purports to be or is an imitation of or resembles an official parking sign, curb or other marking, traffic-control device or railroad sign or signal, or which attempts to direct the movement of traffic, or which hides from view or interferes with the effectiveness of any official traffic-control device or any railroad sign or signal, if such sign, signal, marking, or device has not been authorized by the department and local authorities with reference to streets and highways under their jurisdiction and no person shall place or maintain nor shall any public authority permit upon any highway any traffic sign or signal bearing thereon any commercial advertising. This shall not be deemed to prohibit the erection upon private property adjacent to highways of signs giving useful directional information of a type that cannot be mistaken for official signs.
2. Every such prohibited sign, signal, or marking is hereby declared to be a public nuisance and the authority having jurisdiction over the highway is hereby empowered to remove the same or cause it to be removed without notice.
[C39, §5019.08; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.259]
Nuisances in general, chapter 657
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.260 - Interference with devices, signs, or signals — unlawful possession — traffic signal preemption devices.

321.260 Interference with devices, signs, or signals — unlawful possession — traffic signal preemption devices.
1. a. A person who willfully and intentionally, without lawful authority, attempts to or in fact alters, defaces, injures, knocks down, or removes an official traffic-control device, an authorized warning sign or signal or barricade, whether temporary or permanent, a railroad sign or signal, an inscription, shield, or insignia on any of such devices, signs, signals, or barricades, or any other part thereof, shall, upon conviction, be guilty of a simple misdemeanor and shall be required to make restitution to the affected jurisdiction. In addition to any other penalties, the punishment imposed for a violation of this subsection shall include assessment of a fine of not less than two hundred fifty dollars.
b. A person who is convicted under paragraph “a” of an act relating to a stop sign or a yield sign may be required to complete community service in addition to making restitution to the affected jurisdiction.
2. It shall be unlawful for any person to have in the person’s possession any official traffic-control device except by legal right or authority. Any person convicted of unauthorized possession of any official traffic-control device shall upon conviction be guilty of a simple misdemeanor punishable as a scheduled violation under section 805.8A, subsection 8, paragraph “c”.
3. a. A person shall not sell, own, possess, or use a traffic signal preemption device except as permitted in connection with the lawful operation of an authorized emergency vehicle as defined in section 321.1 or as otherwise authorized by the jurisdiction owning and operating an official traffic control signal. A person who is convicted of the unauthorized sale, ownership, possession, or use of a traffic signal preemption device is guilty of a simple misdemeanor. In addition to any other penalties, the punishment imposed for a violation under this subsection shall include assessment of a fine of not less than two hundred fifty dollars, and if the violation involves the unauthorized use of a traffic signal preemption device, the person may also be required to complete community service.
b. For purposes of this subsection, “traffic signal preemption device” means a device that, when activated, is capable of changing an official traffic control signal to green out of sequence.
[C39, §5019.09; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.260]
90 Acts, ch 1064, §1; 91 Acts, ch 131, §1; 99 Acts, ch 153, §3, 4; 2005 Acts, ch 63, §1; 2020 Acts, ch 1074, §32, 93
Referred to in §805.8A(8)(c)
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.262 - Leaving scene of traffic accident prohibited — vehicle damage only —removal of vehicles.

321.262 Leaving scene of traffic accident prohibited — vehicle damage only — removal of vehicles.
1. a. The driver of any vehicle involved in an accident resulting only in damage to a vehicle which is driven or attended by any person shall immediately remove the driver’s vehicle from the traveled portion of the roadway if the vehicle is operable and the removal can be achieved in a safe manner. The driver shall remove the vehicle to the shoulder, emergency lane, or median nearest to the scene of the accident such that the vehicle is completely off the traveled portion of the roadway, and shall then stop the vehicle. The driver shall remove the vehicle without obstructing traffic more than is necessary.
b. Another person at the scene of the accident may remove a vehicle involved in the accident in accordance with this subsection to reduce the risk of a subsequent accident or to ensure the safety of persons at the scene of the accident.
2. The driver shall remain at the scene of the accident until the driver has fulfilled the requirements of section 321.263. Any person failing to remain at the scene of the accident or fulfill the requirements of section 321.263 under such circumstances shall be guilty of a simple misdemeanor punishable as a scheduled violation under section 805.8A, subsection 14, paragraph “m”.
[S13, §1571-m23; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5079; C39, §5020.02; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.262]
2017 Acts, ch 146, §1; 2020 Acts, ch 1074, §33, 93
Referred to in §321.228, 321.484, 321.517, 805.8A(14)(m)
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.263 - Information and aid — leaving scene of personal injury accident.

321.263 Information and aid — leaving scene of personal injury accident.
1. The driver of a vehicle involved in an accident resulting in injury to or death of a person or damage to a vehicle which is driven or attended by a person shall give the driver’s name, address, and the registration number of the vehicle the driver is driving and shall upon request and if available exhibit the driver’s driver’s license to the person struck, the driver or occupant of, or the person attending the vehicle involved in the accident and shall render to a person injured in the accident reasonable assistance, including the transporting or arranging for the transporting of the person for medical treatment if it is apparent that medical treatment is necessary or if transportation for medical treatment is requested by the injured person.
2. If the accident causes the death of a person, all surviving drivers shall remain at the scene of the accident except to seek necessary aid or to report the accident to law enforcement authorities. Before leaving the scene of the fatal accident, each surviving driver shall leave the surviving driver’s driver’s license, automobile registration receipt, or other identification data at the scene of the accident. After leaving the scene of the accident, a surviving driver shall promptly report the accident to law enforcement authorities, and shall immediately return to the scene of the accident or inform the law enforcement authorities where the surviving driver can be located.
[S13, §1571-m23; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5072, 5079; C39, §5020.03; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.263]
90 Acts, ch 1230, §68; 98 Acts, ch 1073, §9
Referred to in §321.228, 321.261, 321.262, 321.517, 321.555
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.264 - Striking unattended vehicle.

321.264 Striking unattended vehicle.
The driver of any vehicle which collides with any vehicle which is unattended shall immediately stop and shall then and there either locate and notify the operator or owner of such vehicle of the name and address of the driver and owner of the vehicle striking the unattended vehicle or shall leave in a conspicuous place in the vehicle struck a written notice giving the name and address of the driver and of the owner of the vehicle doing the striking and a statement of the circumstances thereof. A person who violates this section commits a simple misdemeanor punishable as a scheduled violation under section 805.8A, subsection 14, paragraph “n”.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, §5079; C39, §5020.04; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.264]
2020 Acts, ch 1074, §34, 93
Referred to in §321.228, 321.484, 321.517, 805.8A(14)(n)
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.265 - Striking fixtures upon a highway.

321.265 Striking fixtures upon a highway.
The driver of a vehicle involved in an accident resulting in damage to property legally upon or adjacent to a highway shall take reasonable steps to locate and notify the owner, a peace officer, or person in charge of the damaged property of the damage and shall inform the person of the driver’s name and address and the registration number of the vehicle causing the damage and shall, upon request and if available, exhibit the driver’s license of the driver of the vehicle and shall report the accident when and as required in section 321.266. A person who violates this section commits a simple misdemeanor punishable as a scheduled violation under section 805.8A, subsection 14, paragraph “o”.
[C24, 27, 31, 35, §5079; C39, §5020.05; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.265]
90 Acts, ch 1230, §69; 98 Acts, ch 1073, §6; 2020 Acts, ch 1074, §35, 93
Referred to in §321.228, 321.517, 805.8A(14)(o)
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.266 - Reporting accidents.

321.266 Reporting accidents.
1. The driver of a vehicle involved in an accident resulting in injury to or death of any person shall immediately by the quickest means of communication give notice of such accident to the sheriff of the county in which said accident occurred, or the nearest office of the state patrol, or to any other peace officer as near as practicable to the place where the accident occurred.
2. The driver of a vehicle involved in an accident resulting in injury to or death of any person, or total property damage to an apparent extent of one thousand five hundred dollars or more shall, within seventy-two hours after the accident, forward a written report of the accident to the department. However, such report is not required when the accident is investigated by a law enforcement agency.
3. Every law enforcement officer who, in the regular course of duty, investigates a motor vehicle accident of which report must be made as required in subsections 1 and 2, either at the time of and at the scene of the accident or thereafter by interviewing participants or witnesses shall, within twenty-four hours after completing such investigation, forward a written report of such accident to the department.
4. Notwithstanding section 455B.386, a carrier transporting hazardous material upon a public highway in this state, in the case of an accident involving the transportation of the hazardous material, shall immediately notify the police radio broadcasting system established pursuant to section 693.1 or shall notify a peace officer of the county or city in which the accident occurs. When a local law enforcement agency is informed of the accident, the agency shall notify the state patrol and the state department of transportation office of motor vehicle enforcement. A person who violates a provision of this subsection is guilty of a serious misdemeanor.
[S13, §1571-m23; C24, §5073, 5075, 5104; C27, 31, 35, §5073, 5075, 5105-a35, 5105-c21; C39, §5020.06; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.266; 81 Acts, ch 103, §5]
87 Acts, ch 170, §6; 97 Acts, ch 72, §1
; 97 Acts, ch 108, §15
; 98 Acts, ch 1074, §23; 2002 Acts, ch 1063, §32; 2005 Acts, ch 35, §31; 2010 Acts, ch 1157, §1; 2021 Acts, ch 80, §169
Referred to in §321.228, 321.265, 321.267, 321.271, 321.517, 321G.10, 321I.11
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.267 - Supplemental reports.

321.267 Supplemental reports.
The department may require any driver of a vehicle involved in an accident of which report must be made as provided in section 321.266 to file supplemental reports whenever the original report is insufficient in the opinion of the department and may require witnesses of accidents to render reports to the department.
[C39, §5020.07; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.267]
Referred to in §321.228, 321.517
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.267A - Traffic accidents involving certified law enforcement officers or other emergency responders — reports.

321.267A Traffic accidents involving certified law enforcement officers or other emergency responders — reports.
1. Any traffic accident involving the operation of a motor vehicle by a certified law enforcement officer or other emergency responder shall be reported to the department by the officer’s or responder’s employer. The officer’s or responder’s employer shall certify to the department whether or not the accident occurred in the line of duty while operating an official government vehicle or during the responder’s deployment on an emergency call. Such a certification is effective only for the purposes of this section.
2. Notwithstanding section 321.200, upon receiving a certification pursuant to subsection 1, the department shall not include a notation of the accident described in the certification on the officer’s or responder’s driving record.
3. The provisions of this section shall not relieve a certified law enforcement officer or other emergency responder operating a motor vehicle of the duty to drive with due regard for the safety of all persons.
4. For the purposes of this section, “certified law enforcement officer” includes a law enforcement officer who is certified through the Iowa law enforcement academy as provided in section 80B.13, subsection 3, or a reserve peace officer certified through the Iowa law enforcement academy as provided in section 80D.4A.
5. For the purposes of this section, “other emergency responder” means a fire fighter certified as a fire fighter I pursuant to rules adopted under chapter 100B and trained in emergency driving or an emergency medical care provider certified under chapter 147A and trained in emergency driving.
2006 Acts, ch 1137, §1; 2010 Acts, ch 1084, §1; 2010 Acts, ch 1149, §17
Referred to in §321.228, 321.517
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.268 - Driver unable to report.

321.268 Driver unable to report.
Whenever the driver of a vehicle is physically incapable of making a required accident report and there was another occupant in the vehicle at the time of the accident capable of making a report, such occupant shall make or cause to be made said report.
[C39, §5020.08; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.268]
Referred to in §321.228, 321.517
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.269 - Accident report forms.

321.269 Accident report forms.
1. The department shall prepare and upon request supply to police departments, coroners, sheriffs, and other suitable agencies or individuals, forms for accident reports required hereunder, which reports shall call for sufficiently detailed information to disclose with reference to a traffic accident the cause, condition then existing, and the persons and vehicles involved.
2. Every required accident report shall be made on a form approved by the department if said form is available.
[C39, §5020.09; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.269]
Referred to in §321.228, 321.517
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.271 - Reports confidential — without prejudice — exceptions.

321.271 Reports confidential — without prejudice — exceptions.
1. All accident reports filed by a driver of a vehicle involved in an accident as required under section 321.266 shall be in writing. The report shall be without prejudice to the individual so reporting and shall be for the confidential use of the department, except that upon the request of any person involved in the accident, the person’s insurance company or its agent, or the attorney for such person, the department shall disclose the identity and address of other persons involved in the accident and may disclose the name of the insurance companies with whom the other persons have liability insurance. The department, upon written request of the person making the report, shall provide the person with a copy of that person’s report. The written report filed with the department shall not be admissible in or used in evidence in any civil or criminal case arising out of the facts on which the report is based.
2. All written reports filed by a law enforcement officer as required under section 321.266 shall be made available to any party to an accident, the party’s insurance company or its agent, the party’s attorney, the federal motor carrier safety administration, or the attorney general, on written request to the department and the payment of a fee of four dollars for each copy. If a copy of an investigating officer’s report of a motor vehicle accident filed with the department is retained by the law enforcement agency of the officer who filed the report, a copy shall be made available to any party to the accident, the party’s insurance company or its agent, the party’s attorney, the federal motor carrier safety administration, or the attorney general, on written request and the payment of a fee. However, the attorney general and the federal motor carrier safety administration shall not be required by the department or the law enforcement agency to pay a fee for a copy of a report filed by a law enforcement or investigating officer.
3. Notwithstanding subsections 1 and 2, the date, time, specific location, and immediate facts and circumstances surrounding a crime or incident shall not be kept confidential under this section, except in those unusual circumstances where disclosure would plainly and seriously jeopardize an investigation or pose a clear and present danger to the safety of an individual.
[C39, §5020.11; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.271; 81 Acts, ch 14, §25]
83 Acts, ch 72, §1; 90 Acts, ch 1054, §1, 2; 98 Acts, ch 1073, §7; 2001 Acts, ch 32, §18; 2003 Acts, ch 8, §16
Referred to in §321.228, 321.273, 321.517
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.272 - Tabulation of reports.

321.272 Tabulation of reports.
The department shall tabulate and may analyze all accident reports and shall publish annually or at more frequent intervals statistical information based thereon as to the number and circumstances of traffic accidents.
[C39, §5020.12; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.272]
Referred to in §321.228, 321.517
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.273 - City may require reports.

321.273 City may require reports.
Any incorporated city or other municipality may by ordinance require that the driver of a vehicle involved in an accident shall also file with a designated city department a report of such accident or a copy of any report herein required to be filed with the department. All such reports shall be for the confidential use of the city department and subject to the provisions of section 321.271.
[C39, §5020.13; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.273]
Referred to in §321.228, 321.517
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.277 - Reckless driving.

321.277 Reckless driving.
1. A person who drives any vehicle in such manner as to indicate either a willful or a wanton disregard for the safety of persons or property is guilty of reckless driving.
2. A person who is convicted of reckless driving shall be guilty of a simple misdemeanor.
[C73, §4071; C97, §5039; S13, §1571-m19; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5028; C39, §5022.04, 5022.05; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, §321.283, 321.284; C66, 71, 73, §321.283; C75, 77, 79, 81, §321.277]
2019 Acts, ch 59, §92
Referred to in §321.228, 321.233, 321.241, 321N.3, 707.6A, 915.80
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.277A - Careless driving.

321.277A Careless driving.
A person commits careless driving if the person intentionally operates a motor vehicle on a public road or highway in any one of the following ways:
1. Creates or causes unnecessary tire squealing, skidding, or sliding upon acceleration or stopping.
2. Simulates a temporary race.
3. Causes any wheel or wheels to unnecessarily lose contact with the ground.
4. Causes the vehicle to unnecessarily turn abruptly or sway.
97 Acts, ch 147, §2
Referred to in §805.8A(6)(c)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 6
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.278 - Drag racing prohibited.

321.278 Drag racing prohibited.
1. a. A person shall not do any of the following:
(1) Engage in any motor vehicle speed contest or exhibition of speed on any street or highway of this state.
(2) Aid or abet any motor vehicle speed contest or exhibition of speed on any street or highway of this state.
b. A passenger shall not be considered as aiding and abetting.
c. As used in this section, “motor vehicle speed contest” or “exhibition of speed” means one or more persons competing in speed in excess of the applicable speed limit in vehicles on the public streets or highways.
2. Any person who violates the provisions of this section shall be guilty of a simple misdemeanor.
[C66, 71, 73, §321.284; C75, 77, 79, 81, §321.278]
2018 Acts, ch 1026, §112
Referred to in §707.6A, 707.8, 805.8A(5)(c)
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.279 - Eluding or attempting to elude pursuing law enforcement vehicle.

321.279 Eluding or attempting to elude pursuing law enforcement vehicle.
1. a. The driver of a motor vehicle commits a serious misdemeanor if the driver willfully fails to bring the motor vehicle to a stop or otherwise eludes or attempts to elude a marked or unmarked official law enforcement vehicle driven by a peace officer after being given a visual and audible signal to stop. The signal given by the peace officer shall be by flashing red light, or by flashing red and blue lights, and siren. For purposes of this section, “peace officer” means those officers designated under section 801.4, subsection 11, paragraphs “a”, “b”, “c”, “f”, “g”, and “h”.
b. The driver of a motor vehicle who commits a second or subsequent violation under this subsection is, upon conviction, guilty of an aggravated misdemeanor.
2. a. The driver of a motor vehicle commits an aggravated misdemeanor if the driver willfully fails to bring the motor vehicle to a stop or otherwise eludes or attempts to elude a marked or unmarked official law enforcement vehicle that is driven by a peace officer after being given a visual and audible signal as provided in this section and in doing so exceeds the speed limit by twenty-five miles per hour or more.
b. The driver of a motor vehicle who commits a violation under this subsection and who has previously committed a violation under this subsection or subsection 3 is, upon conviction, guilty of a class “D” felony.
3. a. The driver of a motor vehicle commits a class “D” felony if the driver willfully fails to bring the motor vehicle to a stop or otherwise eludes or attempts to elude a marked or unmarked official law enforcement vehicle that is driven by a peace officer after being given a visual and audible signal as provided in this section, and in doing so exceeds the speed limit by twenty-five miles per hour or more, and if any of the following occurs:
(1) The driver is participating in a public offense, as defined in section 702.13, that is a felony.
(2) The driver is in violation of section 321J.2.
(3) The driver is in violation of section 124.401.
(4) The offense results in bodily injury to a person other than the driver.
b. The driver of a motor vehicle who commits a second or subsequent violation under this subsection is, upon conviction, guilty of a class “C” felony.
[C81, §321.279]
94 Acts, ch 1069, §1; 99 Acts, ch 31, §1; 2002 Acts, ch 1119, §153; 2008 Acts, ch 1147, §3; 2020 Acts, ch 1028, §1; 2020 Acts, ch 1121, §65, 70; 2021 Acts, ch 183, §49, 52
Referred to in §321.209, 321.555, 321J.2, 707.6A, 907.3
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.280 - Assaults and homicide.

321.280 Assaults and homicide.
A conviction of the violation of any of the provisions of this chapter shall not be a bar to a prosecution for an assault or for a homicide committed by any person in operating motor vehicles.
[S13, §1571-m30; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5091; C39, §5022.01; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.280]
Referred to in §321.228, 321.233
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.281 - Actions against bicyclists.

321.281 Actions against bicyclists.
1. A person operating a motor vehicle shall not steer the motor vehicle unreasonably close to or toward a person riding a bicycle on a highway, including the roadway or the shoulder adjacent to the roadway.
2. A person shall not knowingly project any object or substance at or against a person riding a bicycle on a highway.
3. A person who violates this section commits a simple misdemeanor punishable as a scheduled violation under section 805.8A, subsection 14, paragraph “k”.
2010 Acts, ch 1193, §143
Referred to in §805.8A(14)(k)
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.284 - Open containers in motor vehicles — drivers.

321.284 Open containers in motor vehicles — drivers.
1. A driver of a motor vehicle upon a public street or highway shall not possess in the passenger area of the motor vehicle an open or unsealed bottle, can, jar, or other receptacle containing an alcoholic beverage. “Passenger area” means the area designed to seat the driver and passengers while the motor vehicle is in operation and any area that is readily accessible to the driver or a passenger while in their seating positions, including the glove compartment. An open or unsealed receptacle containing an alcoholic beverage may be transported in the trunk of the motor vehicle. An unsealed receptacle containing an alcoholic beverage may be transported behind the last upright seat of the motor vehicle if the motor vehicle does not have a trunk. A person convicted of a violation of this section is guilty of a simple misdemeanor punishable as a scheduled violation under section 805.8A, subsection 14, paragraph “e”.
2. A person under the age of twenty-one who violates this section is guilty of a violation of section 123.47.
95 Acts, ch 48, §5; 98 Acts, ch 1100, §47; 98 Acts, ch 1204, §3; 99 Acts, ch 77, §1; 2001 Acts, ch 137, §5; 2010 Acts, ch 1128, §5
Referred to in §123.30, 123.31A, 123.49, 805.8A(14)(e)
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.284A - Open containers in motor vehicles — passengers.

321.284A Open containers in motor vehicles — passengers.
1. A passenger in a motor vehicle upon a public street or highway shall not possess in the passenger area of the motor vehicle an open or unsealed bottle, can, jar, or other receptacle containing an alcoholic beverage. “Passenger area” means the area of a motor vehicle designed to seat the driver and passengers while the motor vehicle is in operation and any area that is readily accessible to the driver or a passenger while in their seating positions, including the glove compartment. An open or unsealed receptacle containing an alcoholic beverage may be transported in the trunk of the motor vehicle. An unsealed receptacle containing an alcoholic beverage may be transported behind the last upright seat of the motor vehicle if the motor vehicle does not have a trunk.
2. This section does not apply to a passenger being transported in a motor vehicle designed, maintained, or used primarily for the transportation of persons for compensation, or a passenger being transported in the living quarters of a motor home, motorsports recreational vehicle, manufactured or mobile home, travel trailer, or fifth-wheel travel trailer.
3. A person convicted of a violation of this section is guilty of a simple misdemeanor punishable as a scheduled violation under section 805.8A, subsection 14, paragraph “e”.
4. A person under the age of twenty-one years who violates this section is guilty of a violation of section 123.47.
5. The department shall not include a conviction for a violation of this section on the individual driving record of the person committing the violation and the conviction shall not be considered by the department in any proceeding for suspension, revocation, barring, or denying of the person’s driver’s license or upon any application for renewal of driving privileges.
99 Acts, ch 77, §2; 2001 Acts, ch 137, §5; 2001 Acts, ch 153, §15; 2001 Acts, ch 176, §80; 2010 Acts, ch 1128, §6; 2014 Acts, ch 1127, §9
Referred to in §123.30, 123.31A, 123.49, 805.8A(14)(e)
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.288 - Control of vehicle — reduced speed.

321.288 Control of vehicle — reduced speed.
1. A person operating a motor vehicle shall have the vehicle under control at all times.
2. A person operating a motor vehicle shall reduce the speed to a reasonable and proper rate:
a. When approaching and passing a person walking in the traveled portion of the public highway.
b. When approaching and passing an animal which is being led, ridden, or driven upon a public highway.
c. When approaching and traversing a crossing or intersection of public highways, or a sharp turn, curve, or steep descent in a public highway.
d. When approaching and passing an emergency warning device displayed in accordance with rules adopted under section 321.449, or an emergency vehicle displaying a revolving or flashing light.
e. When approaching and passing a slow moving vehicle displaying a reflective device or alternative reflective device as provided by section 321.383.
f. When approaching and passing through a road work zone.
[S13, §1571-m18; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5031; C39, §5023.04; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.288]
85 Acts, ch 167, §2; 87 Acts, ch 170, §7; 89 Acts, ch 296, §33; 97 Acts, ch 104, §20; 99 Acts, ch 102, §1; 2012 Acts, ch 1083, §2
Referred to in §321.285, 707.6A, 805.8A(6)(d)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 6
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.289 - Speed signs — duty to install.

321.289 Speed signs — duty to install.
The department shall furnish and place on primary roads or on extensions of primary roads within any city suitable standard signs showing the points at which the rate of speed changes and the maximum rate of speed in the district which the vehicle is entering. On all other main highways the city shall furnish and erect suitable signs giving similar information to traffic on such highways.
[S13, §1571-m20; C24, §5030; C27, 31, 35, §5030-b2; C39, §5023.05; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.289]
Referred to in §321.285, 707.6A
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.290 - Special restrictions.

321.290 Special restrictions.
1. Whenever the department shall determine upon the basis of an engineering and traffic investigation that any speed limit set forth in this chapter is greater or less than is reasonable or safe under the conditions found to exist at any intersection or other place or upon any part of the primary road system or upon any part of a primary road extension, the department shall determine and declare a reasonable and safe speed limit which shall be effective when appropriate signs giving notice of the speed limit are erected at such intersection or other place or part of the highway.
2. Whenever the council in any city shall determine upon the basis of an engineering and traffic investigation that any speed limit set forth in this chapter is greater or less than is reasonable or safe under the conditions found to exist at any intersection or other place or upon any part of the city street system, except primary road extensions, said council shall determine and adopt by ordinance such higher or lower speed limit as it deems reasonable and safe. Such speed limit shall be effective when proper and appropriate signs giving notice of the speed limit are erected at such intersections or other place or part of the street.
[C39, §5023.06; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.290]
2018 Acts, ch 1026, §113
Referred to in §321.285, 707.6A
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.291 - Information or notice.

321.291 Information or notice.
In every charge of violation of section 321.285 the citation or complaint, and also the notice to appear, shall specify the speed at which the defendant is alleged to have driven and the speed limit applicable within the district or at the location.
[C39, §5023.07; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.291]
93 Acts, ch 47, §8; 94 Acts, ch 1023, §104; 2021 Acts, ch 80, §170
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.292 - Civil action unaffected.

321.292 Civil action unaffected.
The provisions of section 321.285 shall not be construed to relieve the plaintiff in any civil action from the burden of proving negligence upon the part of the defendant as the proximate cause of an accident.
[C39, §5023.08; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.292]
93 Acts, ch 47, §9; 2009 Acts, ch 41, §116
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.293 - Local authorities may alter limits.

321.293 Local authorities may alter limits.
Local authorities in their respective jurisdiction may in their discretion subject to the approval of the department authorize by ordinance higher speeds than those stated in section 321.285 upon through highways or upon highways or portions thereof where stop or yield signs have been erected at the entrances thereto provided signs are erected giving notice of the authorized speed, but local authorities shall not have authority to authorize by ordinance a speed in excess of fifty-five miles per hour. If local authorities fail to authorize by ordinance higher speeds than those stated in section 321.285 upon through highways or upon highways or portions thereof where stop signs have been erected at the entrances thereto, the department may recommend, upon the basis of an engineering and traffic investigation, to the local authorities that the speed limit be increased. If local authorities fail to increase the speed limit upon said recommendation of the department, said department shall declare a reasonable and safe speed limit which shall be effective when appropriate signs are erected giving notice thereof.
[C39, §5023.09; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.293]
Referred to in §321.236, 321.285, 707.6A
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.294 - Minimum speed regulation.

321.294 Minimum speed regulation.
A person shall not drive a motor vehicle at such a slow speed as to impede or block the normal and reasonable movement of traffic except when reduced speed is necessary for safe operation or in compliance with law. Peace officers are hereby authorized to enforce this provision by directions to drivers, and in the event of apparent willful disobedience to this provision and refusal to comply with direction of an officer in accordance herewith the continued slow operation by a driver shall be a simple misdemeanor punishable as a scheduled violation under section 805.8A, subsection 8.
[C31, 35, §5021-c1; C39, §5023.10; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.294]
2000 Acts, ch 1203, §11; 2001 Acts, ch 137, §5
Referred to in §805.8A(8)(d)
See also §321.382
2023 Iowa Code › Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION › Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD › Section 321.295 - Limitation on bridge or elevated structures.

321.295 Limitation on bridge or elevated structures.
1. A person shall not drive a vehicle on any public bridge or elevated structure at a speed which is greater than the maximum speed permitted under this chapter on the street or highway at a point where said street or highway joins said bridge or elevated structure. However, if the maximum speed permitted on said street or highway differs from the maximum speed on any other street or highway joining said bridge or elevated structure, then the lowest of those maximum speeds shall be the maximum speed limit on said bridge or elevated structure unless the department, upon request from any local authority or upon its own initiative, has conducted an investigation of the bridge or other elevated structure constituting a part of the highway, and has found that the structure cannot with safety to itself withstand vehicles traveling at the speed otherwise permissible under this chapter. Under those circumstances, the department shall determine and declare the maximum speed of vehicles which the structure can withstand, and shall cause or permit suitable signs stating such maximum speed to be erected and maintained at a distance of two hundred feet before each end of such structure.
2. A person shall not drive a vehicle over any bridge or other elevated structure constituting a part of a highway at a speed which is greater than the maximum speed which can be maintained with safety to such bridge or structure, when the structure is signposted as provided in this section.
3. Upon the trial of any person charged with driving a vehicle at a speed which is greater than the maximum speed which can be maintained with safety to such bridge or structure, proof of such determination of the maximum speed by said department and the existence of said signs shall constitute conclusive evidence of the maximum speed which can be maintained with safety to such bridge or structure.
[C39, §5023.11; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.295]
2010 Acts, ch 1069, §46
Referred to in §321.285, 707.6A, 805.8A(5)(d)
For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 5, paragraph d