2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 26 - HUMAN SERVICES CODE (§§ 26-1-101 — 26-24-101) › Article 1 - Department of Human Services (§§ 26-1-101 — 26-1-703) › Part 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS (§§ 26-1-101 — 26-1-142) › Section 26-1-139 - Child fatality and near fatality prevention - process - department of human services child fatality review team - reporting - rules - legislative declaration - definitions

(1)
The general assembly hereby finds and declares that:
(a)
It is of the utmost importance and a community responsibility to mitigate the incidents of egregious abuse or neglect, near fatalities, or fatalities of children in the state due to abuse or neglect. Professionals from disparate disciplines share responsibilities for the safety and well-being of children as well as expertise that can promote that safety and well-being. Multidisciplinary reviews of the incidents of egregious abuse or neglect, near fatalities, or fatalities of children due to abuse or neglect can lead to a better understanding of the causes of such tragedies and, more importantly, methods of mitigating future incidents of egregious abuse or neglect, near fatalities, or fatalities.
(b)
There is a need for agency transparency and accountability to the public regarding an incident of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, a near fatality, or a child fatality that involves a suspicion of abuse or neglect when the child or family has had previous involvement, as defined in paragraph (c) of subsection (2) of this section, with the state or county within three years prior to the incident.
(c)
There is a need for a multidisciplinary team to conduct in-depth case reviews after an incident of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, a near fatality, or a child fatality that involves a suspicion of abuse or neglect and when the child or family has had previous involvement, as defined in paragraph (c) of subsection (2) of this section, within three years prior to the incident. The multidisciplinary reviews would complement that of the review conducted by the Colorado state child fatality prevention review team in the department of public health and environment pursuant to article
20.5
of title
25
, C.R.S. The goal of the multidisciplinary review shall not be to affix blame, but rather to improve understanding of why the incidents of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, near fatalities, or fatalities of a child due to abuse or neglect occur, to identify and understand where improvements can be made in the delivery of child welfare services, and to develop recommendations for mitigation of future incidents of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, near fatalities, or fatalities of a child due to abuse or neglect.
(d)
It is the intent of the general assembly to codify the department of human services child fatality review team as well as modify certain aspects of its processes to promote an understanding of the causes of each incident of egregious abuse or neglect, near fatality, or fatality of a child due to abuse or neglect, identify systemic deficiencies in the delivery of services and supports to children and families, and recommend changes to help mitigate future incidents of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, near fatalities, or fatalities of children due to abuse or neglect.
(e)
It is further the intent of the general assembly to comply with the federal "Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Reauthorization Act of 2010", Pub.L. 111-320, which requires states to allow for public disclosure of the findings or information about a case of child abuse or neglect that resulted in a child fatality or near fatality, and to include in the disclosure the age, gender, and race or ethnicity of the child to better understand trends and patterns of child fatalities in Colorado as they relate to age, gender, and race or ethnicity.
(2)
As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires:
(a)
"Incident of egregious abuse or neglect" means an incident of suspected abuse or neglect involving significant violence, torture, use of cruel restraints, or other similar, aggravated circumstances that may be further defined in rules promulgated by the state department pursuant to this section.
(b)
"Near fatality" means a case in which a physician determines that a child is in serious, critical, or life-threatening condition as the result of sickness or injury caused by suspected abuse, neglect, or maltreatment.
(c)
"Previous involvement" means a situation in which the county department has received a referral, responded to a report, opened an assessment, provided services, or opened a case in the Colorado TRAILS system that is related to the provision of child welfare services, as defined in section
26-5-101 (3)
.
(d)
"Suspicious fatality or near fatality" means a fatality or near fatality that is more likely than not to have been caused by abuse or neglect.
(e)
"Team" means the department of human services child fatality review team established in rules promulgated pursuant to section
26-1-111
and codified pursuant to subsection (3) of this section.
(3)
There is hereby established in the state department the department of human services child fatality review team. The team shall have the following objectives:
(a)
To assess the records of each case in which a suspicious incident of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, near fatality, or child fatality due to abuse or neglect occurred and the child or family had previous involvement, as defined in paragraph (c) of subsection (2) of this section, within three years prior to the incident of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, near fatality, or fatality of a child due to abuse or neglect;
(b)
To understand the causes of the reviewed incidents of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, near fatalities, or child fatalities;
(c)
To identify any gaps or deficiencies that may exist in the delivery of services to children and their families by public agencies that are designed to mitigate future child abuse, neglect, or death; and
(d)
To make recommendations for changes to laws, rules, and policies that will support the safe and healthy development of Colorado's children.
(4)
The team shall have the following duties:
(a)
To review the circumstances around the incident of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, near fatality, or child fatality;
(b)
To review the services provided to the child, the child's family, and the perpetrator by the county department for any county with which the family has had previous involvement, as defined in paragraph (c) of subsection (2) of this section, within three years prior to the incident of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, near fatality, or fatality of a child due to abuse or neglect;
(c)
To review records and interview individuals, as deemed necessary and not otherwise prohibited by law, involved with or having knowledge of the facts of the incident of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, near fatality, or fatality of a child due to abuse or neglect, including but not limited to all other state and local agencies having previous involvement, as defined in paragraph (c) of subsection (2) of this section, within three years prior to the incident of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, near fatality, or fatality of a child due to abuse or neglect;
(d)
To review the county department's compliance with statutes, regulations, and relevant policies and procedures that are directly related to the incident of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, near fatality, or fatality;
(e)
To identify strengths and best practices of service delivery to the child and the child's family;
(f)
To identify factors that may have contributed to conditions leading to the incident of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, near fatality, or fatality, including, but not limited to, lack of or unsafe housing, family and social supports, educational life, physical health, emotional and psychological health, and other safety, crisis, and cultural or ethnic issues;
(g)
To review supports and services provided to siblings, family members, and agency staff after the incident of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, near fatality, or fatality;
(h)
To identify the quality and sufficiency of coordination between state and local agencies;
(i)
To develop and distribute the following reports, the content of which shall be determined by rules promulgated by the state department pursuant to subsection (7) of this section:
(I)
On or before July 1, 2014, and on or before each July 1 thereafter, an annual child fatality and near fatality review report, absent confidential information, summarizing the reviews required by subsection (5) of this section conducted by the team during the previous year. The report must also include annual policy recommendations based on the collection of reviews required by subsection (5) of this section. The recommendations must address all systems involved with children and follow up on specific system recommendations from prior reports that address the strengths and weaknesses of child protection systems in Colorado. The team shall post the annual child fatality and near fatality review report on the state department's website and distribute it to the Colorado state child fatality prevention review team established in the department of public health and environment pursuant to section
25-20.5-406
, C.R.S., the governor, the health and human services committee of the senate, and the public health care and human services committee of the house of representatives, or any successor committees. The annual child fatality and near fatality review report must be prepared within existing resources.
(II)
The final confidential, case-specific review report required pursuant to subsection (5) of this section for each child fatality, near fatality, or incident of egregious abuse or neglect. The final confidential, case-specific review report shall be submitted to the Colorado state child fatality prevention review team established in the department of public health and environment pursuant to section
25-20.5-406
, C.R.S.
(III)
A case-specific executive summary, absent confidential information, of each incident of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, near fatality, or child fatality reviewed. The team shall post the case-specific executive summary on the state department's website.
(5)
(a)
Each county department shall report to the state department any suspicious incident of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, near fatality, or fatality of a child due to abuse or neglect within twenty-four hours of becoming aware of the incident of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, near fatality, or fatality of a child due to abuse or neglect. If the county department has had previous involvement, as defined in paragraph (c) of subsection (2) of this section, within three years prior to the incident of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, near fatality, or fatality of a child due to abuse or neglect, the county department shall provide the state department with all relevant reports and documentation regarding its previous involvement with the child within sixty calendar days after becoming aware of the incident of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, near fatality, or fatality of a child due to abuse or neglect. The state department may grant, at its discretion, an extension to a county department for delays outside of the county department's control regarding the receipt of all relevant reports and information critical to an effective review, including but not limited to the final autopsy and law enforcement reports, until such documents can be made available for review by the team.
(b)
Within three business days after receiving from a county department the information provided pursuant to subsection (5)(a) of this section, the department shall disclose to the public that information has been received, whether the department is conducting a review of the incident, whether the child was in the child's own home or in foster care, as defined in section
19-1-103
, and the child's gender and age. The department may disclose the scope of the review.
(c)
The team shall complete its review of each incident of egregious abuse or neglect, near fatality, or fatality of a child due to abuse or neglect, draft a confidential, case-specific review report, and submit the draft report to any county department with previous involvement, as defined in paragraph (c) of subsection (2) of this section, within fifty-five calendar days after the review team meeting. Any county department with previous involvement, as defined in paragraph (c) of subsection (2) of this section, has thirty calendar days after the completion of the draft confidential, case-specific review report to review the draft confidential, case-specific review report and provide a written response to be included in the final confidential, case-specific review report. A confidential, case-specific review report must be finalized and submitted pursuant to paragraph (e) of this subsection (5) no more than thirty calendar days after the county department's response is received by the team or upon confirmation in writing from the county department that a written response will not be provided.
(d)
The proceedings, records, opinions, and deliberations of the department of human services child fatality review team shall be privileged and shall not be subject to discovery, subpoena, or introduction into evidence in any civil action in any manner that would directly or indirectly identify specific persons or cases reviewed by the state department or county department. Nothing in this paragraph (d) shall be construed to restrict or limit the right to discover or use in any civil action any evidence that is discoverable independent of the proceedings of the department of human services child fatality review team.
(e)
The team shall provide the final confidential, case-specific review report to the executive director, the director for any county or community agency referenced in the report, the county board of human services of any county department with previous involvement, as defined in subsection (2)(c) of this section, the legislative members of the team appointed pursuant to subsection (6)(f) of this section, the department of public health and environment, and the office of the child protection ombudsman pursuant to section
19-3.3-103 (1)(a)(II)(B)
.
(f)
The state department shall post on its website, within seven business days after the report's finalization, a case-specific executive summary of the final confidential, case-specific review report, absent confidential information as described in paragraph (i) of this subsection (5), of each incident of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, near fatality, or child fatality reviewed pursuant to this section.
(g)
The case-specific executive summary for a child who was not in foster care, as defined in section
19-1-103
, at the time of the fatality must include:
(I)
The child's name, date of birth, and date of fatality;
(II)
The age, gender, and race or ethnicity of the child and a description of the child's family, including the birth order of the child whose death is being reviewed;
(III)
A statement of any child welfare services, as defined in section
26-5-101 (3)
, and any other government assistance or services that were being provided to the child and are recorded in the state's human services case management systems, including TRAILS, the Colorado benefits management system, or the Colorado child care automated tracking system, any member of the child's family, or the person suspected of the abuse or neglect;
(IV)
The date of the last contact between the agency providing any child welfare service and the child, the child's family, or the person suspected of the abuse or neglect;
(V)
The age, income level, and education level of the legal caretaker at the time of the fatality;
(VI)
Information on the person or persons caring for the child at the time of the fatality; and
(VII)
Any other information required by rules promulgated by the state department pursuant to subsection (7) of this section.
(h)
The case-specific executive summary for a child who was in foster care, as defined in section
19-1-103
, at the time of the incident must include:
(I)
The child's name, date of birth, and date of fatality;
(II)
The age, gender, and race or ethnicity of the child;
(III)
A description of the foster care placement;
(IV)
The licensing history of the foster care placement;
(V)
A statement of any child welfare services, as defined in section
26-5-101 (3)
, and any other government assistance or services that were being provided to the child and are recorded in the state's human services case management systems, including TRAILS, the Colorado benefits management system, or the Colorado child care automated tracking system, any member of the child's family, or the person suspected of the abuse or neglect;
(VI)
The date of the last contact between the agency providing any child welfare service and the child, the child's family, or the person suspected of the abuse or neglect; and
(VII)
Any other information required by rules promulgated by the state department pursuant to subsection (7) of this section.
(i)
The case-specific executive summary or other release or disclosure of information pursuant to this section shall not include:
(I)
Any information that would reveal the identity of the child who is the subject of the executive summary, any member of the child's family, any member of the child's household who is a child, or any caregiver of the child;
(II)
Any information that would reveal the identity of the person suspected of the abuse or neglect or any employee of any agency that provided child welfare services, as defined in section
26-5-101 (3)
, to the child or that participated in the investigation of the incident of fatality, near fatality, or egregious abuse or neglect;
(III)
Any information that would reveal the identity of a reporter or of any other person who provides information relating to the incident of fatality, near fatality, or egregious abuse or neglect;
(IV)
Any information which, if disclosed, would not be in the best interests of the child who is the subject of the report, any member of the child's family, any member of the child's household who is a child, or any caregiver of the child, as determined by the state department in consultation with the county that reported the incident of fatality, near fatality, or egregious abuse or neglect and the district attorney of the county in which the incident occurred, and after balancing the interests of the child, family, household member, or caregiver in avoiding the stigma that might result from disclosure against the interest of the public in obtaining the information.
(V)
Any information for which disclosure is not authorized by state law or rule or federal law or regulation.
(j)
The state department may not release the case-specific executive summary if the state department, in consultation with the county, determines that making the executive summary available would jeopardize any of the following:
(I)
Any ongoing criminal investigation or prosecution or a defendant's right to a fair trial; or
(II)
Any ongoing or future civil investigation or proceeding or the fairness of such proceeding.
(k)
If at any point in the review process it is determined that the incident of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, near fatality, or fatality is not the result of abuse or neglect, the review shall cease.
(l)
The state department or any county department may release to the public any information at any time to correct any inaccurate information reported in the news media, so long as the information released by the state department or county department is not explicitly in conflict with federal law, is not contrary to the best interest of the child who is the subject of the report, or his or her siblings, is in the public's best interest, and is consistent with the federal "Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Reauthorization Act of 2010", Pub.L. 111-320.
(6)
The team consists of up to twenty members, appointed on or before September 30, 2011, as follows:
(a)
Three members from the state department, appointed by the executive director;
(b)
Two members from the department of public health and environment, appointed by the executive director of said department;
(c)
Three members representing county departments, appointed by a statewide organization representing county commissioners;
(d)
At least eight additional multidisciplinary members, to be appointed by the members described in paragraphs (a) to (c) of this subsection (6), including but not limited to representatives from the office of the child protection ombudsman and from the fields of child protection, physical medicine, mental health, education, law enforcement, district attorneys, child advocacy, and any others as deemed appropriate;
(e)
For the purposes of participating in a specific case review, additional members may be appointed at the discretion of the members described in paragraphs (a) to (c) of this subsection (6) to represent agencies involved with the child or the child's family in the twelve months prior to the incident of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, a near fatality, or fatality; and
(f)
Two members of the general assembly, one appointed by the majority leader of the senate and one appointed by the majority leader of the house of representatives; except that, if the majority leaders are from the same political party, the minority leader of the house of representatives shall appoint the second member. The members appointed pursuant to this paragraph (f) are nonvoting members and are not required to be present at any meeting of the team.
(6.5)
Members of the team serve three-year terms and are eligible for reappointment upon the expiration of the terms. Vacancies shall be filled in a manner and within a time frame to be determined by rules promulgated by the state department pursuant to subsection (7) of this section; except that any vacancy of a member appointed pursuant to paragraph (f) of subsection (6) of this section shall be filled by the appointing authority.
(6.7)
The members of the team appointed pursuant to paragraph (f) of subsection (6) of this section are entitled to receive compensation and reimbursement of expenses as provided in section
2-2-326
, C.R.S.
(7)
The state department shall promulgate additional rules, as necessary, for the implementation of this section, including but not limited to the confidentiality of information in incidents of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, near fatalities, or child fatalities.
Amended by 2021 Ch. 136, § 124, eff. 10/1/2021.
Amended by 2021 Ch. 324, § 4, eff. 6/24/2021.
Amended by 2014 Ch. 390, § 25, eff. 6/6/2014.
Amended by 2013 Ch. 222,§ 11, eff. 5/14/2013.
Amended by 2013 Ch. 222,§ 10, eff. 5/14/2013.
L. 2011: Entire section added, (HB 11-1181), ch. 375, p. 375, § 1, effective April 20. L. 2012: Entire section amended, (SB 12 -033), ch. 295, p. 295, § 1, effective April 12. L. 2013: (1), (2)(c), (3)(a), (4)(b), (4)(c), (4)(i)(I), (5)(a), (5)(b), (5)(c), (5)(e), (5)(l), and (6)(f) amended, (6.5) added, and (5)(g) and (5)(h) R&RE, (SB 13-255), ch. 222, pp. 1037, 1042, §§ 10, 11, effective May 14. L. 2014: (6.7) added, (SB 14-153), ch. 1965, p. 1965, § 25, effective June 6. L. 2021: (5)(e) amended, (HB 21-1272), ch. 1987, p. 1987, § 4, effective June 24; (5)(b), IP(5)(g), and IP(5)(h) amended, (SB 21-059), ch. 747, p. 747, § 124, effective October 1.