reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 4 - THEFT (§§ 18-4-401 — 18-4-420) › Section 18-4-417 - Unlawful acts - theft detection devices

(1)
(a)
It is unlawful for any person to knowingly manufacture, distribute, or sell a theft detection shielding device or a theft detection deactivating device with the knowledge that some person intends to use the device in the commission of an offense involving theft.
(b)
It is unlawful for any person to possess a theft detection shielding device or a theft detection deactivating device with the intent to use the device possessed, or with the knowledge that some person intends to use the device possessed, in the commission of an offense involving theft.
(c)
It is unlawful for any person to knowingly deactivate or remove a theft detection device or any component thereof in any store or mercantile establishment without authorization prior to purchase.
(2)
As used in this section:
(a)
"Theft detection deactivating device" means any tool, instrument, mechanism, or other article adapted, designed, engineered, used, or operated to inactivate, incapacitate, or remove a theft detection device without authorization. "Theft detection deactivating device" includes, but is not limited to, jumper wires, wire cutters, and electronic article surveillance removal devices.
(b)
"Theft detection device" means an electronic or magnetic mechanism, machine, apparatus, tag, or article designed and operated for the purpose of detecting the unauthorized removal of merchandise from a store or mercantile establishment.
(c)
"Theft detection shielding device" means any tool, instrument, mechanism, or article adapted, designed, engineered, used, or operated to avoid detection by a theft detection device during the commission of an offense involving theft. "Theft detection shielding device" includes, but is not limited to, foil-lined or otherwise modified clothing, bags, purses, or containers capable of and for the sole purpose of avoiding detection devices.
(3)
Any person who violates any of the provisions of subsection (1) of this section commits a class 2 misdemeanor.
Amended by 2021 Ch. 462, § 209, eff. 3/1/2022.
L. 2001: Entire section added, p. 512, § 2, effective July 1. L. 2012: (2)(a) and (2)(c) amended, (HB 12-1304), ch. 1050, p. 1050, § 3, effective May 29. L. 2021: (3) amended, (SB 21-271), ch. 3177, p. 3177, § 209, effective 3/1/2022.
Section 803(2) of chapter 462 (SB 21-271), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to offenses committed on or after March 1, 2022.
2021 Ch. 462, was passed without a safety clause. See Colo. Const. art. V, § 1(3).
For the legislative declaration in the 2012 act amending subsections (2)(a) and (2)(c), see section 1 of chapter 237, Session Laws of Colorado 2012.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 4 - THEFT (§§ 18-4-401 — 18-4-420) › Section 18-4-418 - [Repealed]

Repealed by 2013 Ch. 373,§5, eff. 6/5/2013.
L. 2002: Entire section added, p. 1131, § 1, effective July 1. L. 2013: Entire section repealed, (HB 13-1160), ch. 373, p. 2198, § 5, effective June 5.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 4 - THEFT (§§ 18-4-401 — 18-4-420) › Section 18-4-419 - [Repealed]

Repealed by 2013 Ch. 373,§6, eff. 6/5/2013.
Repealed by 2013 Ch. 7,§1, eff. 8/7/2013.
L. 2004: Entire section added, p. 445, § 2, effective July 1. L. 2013: Entire section repealed, (HB 13-1160), ch. 373, p. 2198, § 6, effective June 5; entire section repealed, (HB 13-1014), ch. 7, p. 17, § 1, effective August 7.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 5 - TRESPASS, TAMPERING, AND CRIMINAL MISCHIEF (§§ 18-4-501 — 18-4-516) › Section 18-4-502 - First degree criminal trespass

(1)
A person commits the crime of first degree criminal trespass if such person:
(a)
Knowingly and unlawfully enters or remains in a dwelling of another; or
(b)
Enters any motor vehicle with intent to commit a crime therein.
(2)
(a)
First degree criminal trespass committed pursuant to subsection (1)(a) of this section is a class 1 misdemeanor, but it is a class 6 felony if the dwelling is inhabited or occupied.
(b)
First degree criminal trespass committed pursuant to subsection (1)(b) of this section is a class 1 misdemeanor.
Amended by 2021 Ch. 462, § 211, eff. 3/1/2022.
L. 71: R&RE, p. 431, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 40-4-502. L. 77: Entire section amended, p. 963, § 26, effective July 1. L. 92: Entire section amended, p. 404, § 16, effective June 3. L. 93: Entire section amended, p. 1732, § 17, effective July 1. L. 98: Entire section amended, p. 1443, § 31, effective July 1. L. 2021: Entire section amended, (SB 21-271), ch. 3178, p. 3178, § 211, effective 3/1/2022.
Section 803(2) of chapter 462 (SB 21-271), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to offenses committed on or after March 1, 2022.
2021 Ch. 462, was passed without a safety clause. See Colo. Const. art. V, § 1(3).
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 5 - TRESPASS, TAMPERING, AND CRIMINAL MISCHIEF (§§ 18-4-501 — 18-4-516) › Section 18-4-503 - Second degree criminal trespass

(1)
A person commits the crime of second degree criminal trespass if such person:
(a)
Unlawfully enters or remains in or upon the premises of another which are enclosed in a manner designed to exclude intruders or are fenced; or
(b)
Knowingly and unlawfully enters or remains in or upon the common areas of a hotel, motel, condominium, or apartment building; or
(c)
Knowingly and unlawfully enters or remains in a motor vehicle of another.
(2)
(a)
Second degree criminal trespass in violation of subsection (1)(a) or (1)(b) of this section is a petty offense, but it is a class 5 felony if the person trespasses on premises so classified as agricultural land with the intent to commit a felony thereon.
(b)
Second degree criminal trespass in violation of subsection (1)(c) of this section is a class 2 misdemeanor.
(3)
Repealed.
Amended by 2023 Ch. 298,§ 14, eff. 10/1/2023.
Amended by 2021 Ch. 462, § 212, eff. 3/1/2022.
Amended by 2021 Ch. 460, § 10, eff. 1/1/2022.
L. 71: R&RE, p. 431, § 1.C.R.S. 1963:§ 40-4-503. L. 81:Entire section amended, p. 990, § 1, effective June 4. L. 83:Entire section amended, p. 666, § 8, effective July 1. L. 84:(2)(a) amended, p. 1119, § 14, effective June 7. L. 93:(1) amended, p. 1732, § 18, effective July 1. L. 94:(1) amended, p. 1718, § 11, effective July 1. L. 2002:(1) amended, p. 1582, § 11, effective July 1. L. 2003:(3) added, p. 1846, § 4, effective July 1. L. 2021:(2) amended,(SB 21-271), ch. 462, p. 3178, § 212, effective 3/1/2022; (3)(b) added on revision,(HB 21-1314), ch. 460, pp. 3099, 3104, §§ 10, 22. L. 2023:(2)(a) amended,(HB 23-1293), ch. 298, p. 1785, § 14, effective October 1.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 5 - TRESPASS, TAMPERING, AND CRIMINAL MISCHIEF (§§ 18-4-501 — 18-4-516) › Section 18-4-504 - Third degree criminal trespass

(1)
A person commits the crime of third degree criminal trespass if such person unlawfully enters or remains in or upon premises of another.
(2)
Third degree criminal trespass is a petty offense, but:
(a)
Repealed.
(b)
It is a class 5 felony if the person trespasses on premises classified as agricultural land with the intent to commit a felony thereon; except that it is a class 6 felony if the agricultural land did not have a fence securing the perimeter.
Amended by 2023 Ch. 298,§ 15, eff. 10/1/2023.
Amended by 2021 Ch. 462, § 213, eff. 3/1/2022.
L. 71: R&RE, p. 431, § 1.C.R.S. 1963:§ 40-4-504. L. 83:Entire section amended, p. 666, § 9, effective July 1. L. 84:(2)(a) amended, p. 1119, § 15, effective June 7. L. 89:(2)(b) amended, p. 834, § 48, effective July 1. L. 93:(1) amended, p. 1732, § 19, effective July 1. L. 2021:IP(2) amended,(SB 21-271), ch. 462, p. 3179, § 213, effective 3/1/2022; (2)(a)(II) added by revision,(SB 21-271), ch. 462, pp. 3179, 3331, §§ 213, 803. L. 2023:(2)(b) amended,(HB 23-1293), ch. 298, p. 1785 , § 15, effective October 1.
Section 803(2) of chapter 462 (SB 21-271), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to offenses committed on or after March 1, 2022.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 5 - TRESPASS, TAMPERING, AND CRIMINAL MISCHIEF (§§ 18-4-501 — 18-4-516) › Section 18-4-504.5 - Definition of premises

As used in sections
18-4-503
and
18-4-504
, "premises" means real property, buildings, and other improvements thereon, and the stream banks and beds of any nonnavigable fresh water streams flowing through such real property.
L. 77: Entire section added, p. 977, § 1, effective June 10.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 5 - TRESPASS, TAMPERING, AND CRIMINAL MISCHIEF (§§ 18-4-501 — 18-4-516) › Section 18-4-505 - First degree criminal tampering

Except as provided in sections
18-4-506.3
and
18-4-506.5
, a person commits the crime of first degree criminal tampering if, with intent to cause interruption or impairment of a service rendered to the public by a utility or by an institution providing health or safety protection, the person tampers with property of a utility or institution. First degree criminal tampering is a class 2 misdemeanor.
Amended by 2021 Ch. 462, § 214, eff. 3/1/2022.
L. 71: R&RE, p. 431, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 40-4-505. L. 80: Entire section amended, p. 534, § 2, effective July 1. L. 89: Entire section amended, p. 905, § 2, effective July 1. L. 2021: Entire section amended, (SB 21-271), ch. 3179, p. 3179, § 214, effective 3/1/2022.
Section 803(2) of chapter 462 (SB 21-271), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to offenses committed on or after March 1, 2022.
2021 Ch. 462, was passed without a safety clause. See Colo. Const. art. V, § 1(3).
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 5 - TRESPASS, TAMPERING, AND CRIMINAL MISCHIEF (§§ 18-4-501 — 18-4-516) › Section 18-4-506 - Second degree criminal tampering

Except as provided in sections
18-4-506.3
and
18-4-506.5
, a person commits the crime of second degree criminal tampering if he tampers with property of another with intent to cause injury, inconvenience, or annoyance to that person or to another or if he knowingly makes an unauthorized connection with property of a utility. Second degree criminal tampering is a class 2 misdemeanor.
L. 71: R&RE, p. 431, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 40-4-506. L. 77: Entire section amended, p. 963, § 27, effective July 1. L. 80: Entire section amended, p. 533, § 1, effective January 29; entire section amended, p. 535, § 3, effective July 1. L. 89: Entire section amended, p. 905, § 3, effective July 1.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 5 - TRESPASS, TAMPERING, AND CRIMINAL MISCHIEF (§§ 18-4-501 — 18-4-516) › Section 18-4-506.3 - Tampering with equipment associated with oil or gas gathering operations - penalty

(1)
Any person who in any manner knowingly destroys, breaks, removes, or otherwise tampers with or attempts to destroy, break, remove, or otherwise tamper with any equipment associated with oil or gas gathering operations commits a class 2 misdemeanor.
(2)
Any person who in any manner, without the consent of the owner or operator, knowingly alters, obstructs, interrupts, or interferes with or attempts to alter, obstruct, interrupt, or interfere with the action of any equipment used or associated with oil or gas gathering operations commits a class 2 misdemeanor.
L. 89: Entire section added, p. 905, § 1, effective July 1.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 5 - TRESPASS, TAMPERING, AND CRIMINAL MISCHIEF (§§ 18-4-501 — 18-4-516) › Section 18-4-506.5 - Tampering with a utility meter - penalty

(1)
Any person who connects any pipe, tube, stopcock, wire, cord, socket, motor, or other instrument or contrivance with any main, service pipe, or other medium conducting or supplying gas, water, or electricity to any building without the knowledge and consent of the person supplying such gas, water, or electricity commits a class 2 misdemeanor.
(2)
Any person who in any manner alters, obstructs, or interferes with the action of any meter provided for measuring or registering the quantity of gas, water, or electricity passing through said meter without the knowledge and consent of the person owning said meter commits a class 2 misdemeanor.
(3)
Nothing in this section shall be construed to apply to any licensed electrical or plumbing contractor while performing usual and ordinary services in accordance with recognized customs and standards.
L. 80: Entire section added, p. 534, § 1, effective July 1.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 5 - TRESPASS, TAMPERING, AND CRIMINAL MISCHIEF (§§ 18-4-501 — 18-4-516) › Section 18-4-507 - Defacing or destruction of written instruments

Every person who defaces or destroys any written instrument evidencing a property right, whether vested or contingent, with the intent to defraud commits a class 2 misdemeanor.
Amended by 2021 Ch. 462, § 215, eff. 3/1/2022.
L. 71: R&RE, p. 431, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 40-4-507. L. 2021: Entire section amended, (SB 21-271), ch. 3179, p. 3179, § 215, effective 3/1/2022.
Section 803(2) of chapter 462 (SB 21-271), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to offenses committed on or after March 1, 2022.
2021 Ch. 462, was passed without a safety clause. See Colo. Const. art. V, § 1(3).
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 5 - TRESPASS, TAMPERING, AND CRIMINAL MISCHIEF (§§ 18-4-501 — 18-4-516) › Section 18-4-508 - Defacing, destroying, or removing landmarks, monuments, or accessories

(1)
Any person who knowingly cuts, fells, alters, or removes any certain boundary tree knowing such is a boundary tree, monument, or other allowed landmark, to the damage of any person, or any person who intentionally defaces, removes, pulls down, injures, or destroys any location stake, side post, corner post, landmark, or monument, or any other legal land boundary monument in this state, designating or intending to designate the location, boundary, or name of any mining claim, lode, or vein of mineral, or the name of the discoverer or date of discovery thereof, commits a class 2 misdemeanor.
(2)
Any person who knowingly removes or knowingly causes to be removed any public land survey monument, as defined by section
38-53-103(18)
, C.R.S., or control corner, as defined in section
38-53-103(6)
, C.R.S., or a restoration of any such monument or who knowingly removes or knowingly causes to be removed any bearing tree knowing such is a bearing tree or other accessory, as defined by section
38-53-103(1)
, C.R.S., even if said person has title to the land on which said monument or accessory is located, commits a class 2 misdemeanor unless, prior to such removal, said person has caused a Colorado professional land surveyor to establish at least two witness corners or reference marks for each such monument or accessory removed and has filed or caused to be filed a monument record pursuant to article
53
of title
38
, C.R.S.
L. 71: R&RE, p. 431, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 40-4-508. L. 77: Entire section amended, p. 963, § 28, effective July 1. L. 79: Entire section amended, p. 478, § 4, effective July 1. L. 84: (2) amended, p. 1119, § 16, effective June 7. L. 94: (2) amended, p. 1507, § 37, effective July 1.
For the definition of professional land surveyor, see § 12-120-302(6).
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 5 - TRESPASS, TAMPERING, AND CRIMINAL MISCHIEF (§§ 18-4-501 — 18-4-516) › Section 18-4-510 - Defacing posted notice

Any person who knowingly mars, destroys, or removes any posted notice authorized by law commits a civil infraction.
Amended by 2021 Ch. 462, § 217, eff. 3/1/2022.
L. 71: R&RE, p. 432, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 40-4-510. L. 77: Entire section amended, p. 964, § 29, effective July 1. L. 2021: Entire section amended, (SB 21-271), ch. 3180, p. 3180, § 217, effective 3/1/2022.
Section 803(2) of chapter 462 (SB 21-271), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to offenses committed on or after March 1, 2022.
2021 Ch. 462, was passed without a safety clause. See Colo. Const. art. V, § 1(3).
For penalty for willfully defacing or destroying notices, see § 30-15-202 .
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 5 - TRESPASS, TAMPERING, AND CRIMINAL MISCHIEF (§§ 18-4-501 — 18-4-516) › Section 18-4-512 - Abandonment of a motor vehicle

(1)
Any person who abandons any motor vehicle upon a street, highway, right-of-way, or any other public property, or upon any private property without the express consent of the owner or person in lawful charge of that private property commits abandonment of a motor vehicle.
(2)
To "abandon" means to leave a thing with the intention not to retain possession of or assert ownership over it. The intent need not coincide with the act of leaving.
(3)
It is prima facie evidence of the necessary intent that:
(a)
The motor vehicle has been left for more than seven days unattended and unmoved; or
(b)
License plates or other identifying marks have been removed from the motor vehicle; or
(c)
The motor vehicle has been damaged or is deteriorated so extensively that it has value only for junk or salvage; or
(d)
The owner has been notified by a law enforcement agency to remove the motor vehicle, and it has not been removed within three days after notification.
(4)
Abandonment of a motor vehicle is a petty offense.
Amended by 2021 Ch. 462, § 219, eff. 3/1/2022.
L. 71: R&RE, p. 432, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 40-4-512. L. 2021: (4) amended, (SB 21-271), ch. 3180, p. 3180, § 219, effective 3/1/2022.
Section 803(2) of chapter 462 (SB 21-271), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to offenses committed on or after March 1, 2022.
2021 Ch. 462, was passed without a safety clause. See Colo. Const. art. V, § 1(3).
For the towing and storage of abandoned and illegally parked motor vehicles, see part 18 of article 4 of title 42 .
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 5 - TRESPASS, TAMPERING, AND CRIMINAL MISCHIEF (§§ 18-4-501 — 18-4-516) › Section 18-4-513 - Criminal use of a noxious substance

(1)
Any person who deposits on the land or in the building or vehicle of another, without the other person's consent, any stink bomb or device, irritant, or offensive-smelling substance with the intent to interfere with another's use or enjoyment of the land, building, or vehicle commits a civil infraction.
(2)
It shall be an affirmative defense that a peace officer in the performance of his duties reasonably used a noxious substance.
Amended by 2021 Ch. 462, § 220, eff. 3/1/2022.
L. 71: R&RE, p. 433, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 40-4-513. L. 73: p. 538, § 2. L. 2021: (1) amended, (SB 21-271), ch. 3180, p. 3180, § 220, effective 3/1/2022.
Section 803(2) of chapter 462 (SB 21-271), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to offenses committed on or after March 1, 2022.
2021 Ch. 462, was passed without a safety clause. See Colo. Const. art. V, § 1(3).
For affirmative defenses generally, see §§ 18-1-407 , 18-1-710 , and 18-1-805 .
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 5 - TRESPASS, TAMPERING, AND CRIMINAL MISCHIEF (§§ 18-4-501 — 18-4-516) › Section 18-4-514 - Use of photographs, video tapes, or films of property

Pursuant to section
13-25-130
, C.R.S., photographs, video tapes, or films of property over which a person is alleged to have exerted unauthorized control or otherwise to have obtained unlawfully are competent evidence if the photographs, video tapes, or films are admissible into evidence under the rules of law governing the admissibility of photographs, video tapes, or films into evidence.
L. 85: Entire section added, p. 577, § 4, effective July 1.
For similar provisions concerning the use of photographs, video tapes, or films of property with respect to the crimes of robbery and theft, see §§ 18-4-305 and 18-4-415.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 5 - TRESPASS, TAMPERING, AND CRIMINAL MISCHIEF (§§ 18-4-501 — 18-4-516) › Section 18-4-516 - Criminal operation of a device in motion picture theater

(1)
A person who, while within a motion picture theater, knowingly operates an audiovisual recording function of a device for the purpose of recording a motion picture, while a motion picture is being exhibited, without the consent of the owner or lessee of the motion picture theater, commits the offense of criminal operation of a device in a motion picture theater.
(2)
Criminal operation of a device in a motion picture theater is a civil infraction.
(3)
If a person operates or appears to operate an audiovisual recording function for the purpose of recording a motion picture in a motion picture theater, the owner or lessee of a facility in which a motion picture is being exhibited, or the authorized agent or employee of the owner of lessee, or any peace or police officer, acting in good faith and upon probable cause based upon reasonable grounds therefor, may detain and question such person, in a reasonable manner for the purpose of ascertaining whether the person is guilty of criminal operation of a device in motion picture theater. Such questioning of a person by the owner or lessee of a motion picture theater, or the authorized agent or employee of the owner or lessee, or peace or police officer does not render the owner or lessee of a motion picture theater, or the authorized agent or employee of the owner or lessee, or peace or police officer civilly or criminally liable for slander, false arrest, false imprisonment, malicious prosecution, or unlawful detention.
(4)
This section does not prevent a lawfully authorized investigative, law enforcement, or intelligence-gathering employee or agent of the state or federal government, while operating within the scope of lawfully authorized investigative, protective, law enforcement, or intelligence-gathering activities, from operating an audiovisual recording function of a device in a motion picture theater.
(5)
Nothing in this section prevents prosecution under any other provision of law providing for greater penalty.
(6)
As used in this section:
(a)
"Audiovisual recording function" means the capability of a device to record or transmit a motion picture or any part thereof by means of any technology now known or hereafter developed.
(b)
"Motion picture theater" means a movie theater, screening room, or other venue when used primarily for the exhibition of motion pictures.
Amended by 2021 Ch. 462, § 221, eff. 3/1/2022.
L. 2004: Entire section added, p. 922, § 1, effective July 1. L. 2021: (2) amended, (SB 21-271), ch. 462, p. 3180, § 221, effective 3/1/2022.
Section 803(2) of chapter 462 (SB 21-271), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to offenses committed on or after March 1, 2022.
2021 Ch. 462, was passed without a safety clause. See Colo. Const. art. V, § 1(3).
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 6 - THEFT OF SOUND RECORDINGS (§§ 18-4-601 — 18-4-607) › Section 18-4-601 - Definitions

As used in this part 6, unless the context otherwise requires:
(1)
"Aggregate wholesale value" means the average wholesale value of lawfully manufactured and authorized sound or audio-visual recordings corresponding to the number of nonconforming recorded articles involved in the offense. Proof of the specific wholesale value of each nonconforming device shall not be required.
(1.3)
"Article" means a tangible medium on which sounds, images, or both are recorded or otherwise stored, including an original phonograph record, disc, tape, audio or video cassette, wire, film, memory card, flash drive, hard drive, data storage device, or other medium now existing or developed later on which sounds, images, or both are or can be recorded or otherwise stored, or a copy or reproduction that duplicates, in whole or in part, the original.
(1.5)
"Copyright" means the ownership rights that accrue to an owner and relate solely to the common law copyright accruing to such owner. The term "copyright" does not include a federal copyright, which inures to the benefit of owners pursuant to Public Law 92-140, as amended by Public Law 93-573, which became effective February 15, 1972. For the purposes of this part 6, no common law copyright shall exist for a period longer than fifty-six years after an original copyright accrues to an owner.
(1.7)
"Manufacturer" means the person who actually makes a recording or causes a recording to be made. "Manufacturer" does not include a person who manufactures a medium upon which sounds or images can be recorded or stored, or who manufactures the cartridge or casing itself, unless such person actually makes the recording or causes the recording to be made.
(2)
"Owner" means the person who owns the copyright on the original fixation of sounds embodied in the master phonograph record, master disc, master tape, master film, or other device used for reproducing sounds on phonograph records, discs, tapes, films, or other articles upon which sound is recorded and from which the transferred recorded sounds are directly derived.
(3)
"Person" means any individual, firm, partnership, corporation, or association.
L. 76: Entire part added, p. 553, § 1, effective July 1. L. 2009: (1) amended and (1.3), (1.5), and (1.7) added, (SB 09 -036), ch. 185, p. 809, § 1, effective August 5.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 6 - THEFT OF SOUND RECORDINGS (§§ 18-4-601 — 18-4-607) › Section 18-4-602 - Unlawful transfer for sale

(1)
A person who knowingly and without the consent of the owner transfers any copyrighted sounds recorded on a phonograph record, video disc, wire, tape, film, or other article on which sounds are recorded with the intent to sell such article on which such sounds are so transferred or to cause the same to be sold for profit or to be used to promote the sale of any product commits unlawful transfer for sale.
(2)
Unlawful transfer for sale is a class 6 felony.
L. 76: Entire part added, p. 554, § 1, effective July 1. L. 77: (1) amended, p. 978, § 1, effective May 26. L. 89: (2) amended, p. 834, § 49, effective July 1.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 6 - THEFT OF SOUND RECORDINGS (§§ 18-4-601 — 18-4-607) › Section 18-4-603 - Unlawful trafficking in unlawfully transferred articles

(1)
A person who knowingly, or who reasonably should have such knowledge, advertises, offers for sale or resale, sells or resells, distributes, or possesses for any of the purposes provided in this subsection (1) any article that has been transferred without consent of the owner as provided in section
18-4-602
commits unlawful trafficking in unlawfully transferred articles.
(2)
Each act of unlawful trafficking in unlawfully transferred articles is a petty offense.
Amended by 2021 Ch. 462, § 222, eff. 3/1/2022.
L. 76: Entire part added, p. 554, § 1, effective July 1. L. 2021: (2) amended, (SB 21-271), ch. 462, p. 3180, § 222, effective 3/1/2022.
Section 803(2) of chapter 462 (SB 21-271), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to offenses committed on or after March 1, 2022.
2021 Ch. 462, was passed without a safety clause. See Colo. Const. art. V, § 1(3).
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 6 - THEFT OF SOUND RECORDINGS (§§ 18-4-601 — 18-4-607) › Section 18-4-604 - Dealing in unlawfully packaged recorded articles

(1)
A person who knowingly and for commercial advantage or private financial gain advertises, offers for sale or resale, sells or resells, transports, or possesses for any of the purposes provided in this subsection (1) any article on which sounds are recorded, the cover, box, jacket, or label of which does not clearly and conspicuously disclose the actual name and address of the manufacturer, commits dealing in unlawfully packaged recorded articles.
(2)
Dealing in unlawfully packaged recorded articles is a petty offense. If the offense involves more than one hundred unlawfully packaged recorded articles or the offense is a second or subsequent offense, the court shall assess a fine of at least one thousand dollars.
Amended by 2021 Ch. 462, § 223, eff. 3/1/2022.
L. 76: Entire part added, p. 554, § 1, effective July 1. L. 2005: Entire section amended, p. 202, § 1, effective July 1. L. 2009: Entire section amended, (SB 09-036), ch. 185, p. 810, § 2, effective August 5. L. 2021: (2) amended, (SB 21-271), ch. 3181, p. 3181, § 223, effective 3/1/2022.
Section 803(2) of chapter 462 (SB 21-271), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to offenses committed on or after March 1, 2022.
2021 Ch. 462, was passed without a safety clause. See Colo. Const. art. V, § 1(3).
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 6 - THEFT OF SOUND RECORDINGS (§§ 18-4-601 — 18-4-607) › Section 18-4-604.3 - Unlawful recording of a live performance

(1)
A person who, without the consent of the owner of the right to record a live performance, records or causes to be recorded the live performance on a phonograph record, compact disc, video disc, wire, tape, film, or other article on which a live performance is recorded with the intent to sell the article on which the live performance is recorded or to cause the same to be sold for profit or to be used to promote the sale of any product commits unlawful recording of a live performance.
(2)
In the absence of a written agreement or law to the contrary, the performer or performers of a live performance are presumed to own the rights to record the live performance.
(3)
For purposes of this section, a person who is authorized to maintain custody and control of business records that reflect whether the owner of the live performance consented to having the live performance recorded is a competent witness in a proceeding regarding the issue of consent.
(4)
Unlawful recording of a live performance is a petty offense.
(5)
As used in this section, "live performance" means a recitation, rendering, or playing of a series of images, musical, spoken, or other sounds, or a combination of images and sounds, in an audible sequence.
Amended by 2021 Ch. 462, § 224, eff. 3/1/2022.
L. 2005: Entire section added, p. 202, § 2, effective July 1. L. 2021: (4) amended, (SB 21-271), ch. 462, p. 3181, § 224, effective 3/1/2022.
Section 803(2) of chapter 462 (SB 21-271), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to offenses committed on or after March 1, 2022.
2021 Ch. 462, was passed without a safety clause. See Colo. Const. art. V, § 1(3).
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 6 - THEFT OF SOUND RECORDINGS (§§ 18-4-601 — 18-4-607) › Section 18-4-604.7 - Trafficking in unlawfully recorded live performance

(1)
A person who knows or reasonably should know that an article has been recorded in violation of section
18-4-604.3
and advertises, offers for sale or resale, sells or resells, or distributes the article, or possesses the article for any of the said purposes, commits trafficking in an unlawfully recorded live performance.
(2)
Each act of trafficking in an unlawfully recorded live performance is a class 2 misdemeanor.
Amended by 2021 Ch. 462, § 225, eff. 3/1/2022.
L. 2005: Entire section added, p. 202, § 2, effective July 1. L. 2021: (2) amended, (SB 21-271), ch. 462, p. 3181, § 225, effective 3/1/2022.
Section 803(2) of chapter 462 (SB 21-271), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to offenses committed on or after March 1, 2022.
2021 Ch. 462, was passed without a safety clause. See Colo. Const. art. V, § 1(3).
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 6 - THEFT OF SOUND RECORDINGS (§§ 18-4-601 — 18-4-607) › Section 18-4-605 - Applicability

(1)
This part 6 shall not apply to:
(a)
Any broadcaster who, in connection with or as part of a radio, television, or cable broadcast transmission or for the purpose of archival preservation, transfers any copyrighted sounds recorded on a sound recording;
(b)
Any person who transfers copyrighted sounds in the home for personal use and without compensation for such transfer.
(2)
This part 6 shall neither enlarge nor diminish the rights of the respective parties in a civil litigation concerning the subject matter of this part 6.
L. 76: Entire part added, p. 554, § 1, effective July 1.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 6 - THEFT OF SOUND RECORDINGS (§§ 18-4-601 — 18-4-607) › Section 18-4-606 - Confiscation and disposition of items

(1)
A law enforcement officer shall, upon discovery, confiscate all unlawfully labeled, transferred, or recorded articles possessed for the purposes of selling or distributing in violation of this part 6 and all equipment and components used or intended to be used to knowingly and unlawfully transfer, manufacture, or record articles for the purposes of selling or distributing in violation of this part 6.
(2)
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, recorded articles and equipment and components that are confiscated pursuant to subsection (1) of this section are contraband and shall be delivered to the district attorney in the county in which the confiscation was made. Upon conviction of the person, the district attorney may request a court order for destruction of the recorded articles and a court order for distribution of the equipment and components. Upon conviction of the person and motion of the district attorney, the court shall order the recorded articles to be destroyed or otherwise disposed of if the court finds that the person claiming title to the recorded articles possessed the recorded articles for the purposes of selling or distributing in violation of this part 6. The court shall order the equipment and components distributed to a charitable or educational organization if the court finds that the person claiming title to the equipment possessed the equipment to record nonconforming articles for the purposes of selling or distributing in violation of this part 6.
L. 2009: Entire section added, (SB 09-036), ch. 185, p. 810, §3, effective August 5.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 6 - THEFT OF SOUND RECORDINGS (§§ 18-4-601 — 18-4-607) › Section 18-4-607 - Restitution

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, upon conviction of a violation of this part 6, the convicted person shall be ordered to make restitution to the owner or lawful producer of the master sound or audio-visual recording, or to the trade association representing the owner or lawful producer who suffered injury resulting from the crime. The order of restitution shall be based on the aggregate wholesale value of lawfully manufactured and authorized recordings corresponding to the number of nonconforming recorded articles involved in the offense unless a greater value can be proven. The order of restitution shall also include investigative costs relating to the offense.
L. 2009: Entire section added, (SB 09-036), ch. 185, p. 811, §3, effective August 5.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 7 - THEFT OF CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE (§§ 18-4-701 — 18-4-703) › Section 18-4-703 - Severability

If any provision of this part 7 or the application thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, such invalidity shall not affect the other provisions or applications of this part 7 which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this part 7 are declared to be severable.
L. 84: Entire part added, p. 545, § 1, effective July 1.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 8 - [Repealed] (§ 18-4-801) › Section 18-4-801 - and 18-4-802 - [Repealed]

L. 2012: Entire part repealed, (SB 12-044), ch. 274, p. 1448, § 4, effective June 8.
This part 8 was added in 1998.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 5 - OFFENSES INVOLVING FRAUD (§§ 18-5-101 — 18-5-905) › Part 1 - FORGERY, SIMULATION, IMPERSONATION, AND RELATED OFFENSES (§§ 18-5-101 — 18-5-120) › Section 18-5-102 - Forgery

(1)
A person commits forgery, if, with intent to defraud, the person falsely makes, completes, alters, or utters a written instrument that is or purports to be, or that is calculated to become or to represent if completed:
(a)
Part of an issue of money, stamps, securities, or other valuable instruments issued by a government or government agency; or
(b)
Part of an issue of stock, bonds, or other instruments representing interests in or claims against a corporate or other organization or its property; or
(c)
A deed, will, codicil, contract, assignment, commercial instrument, promissory note, or other instrument that does or may evidence, create, transfer, terminate, or otherwise affect a legal right, interest, obligation, or status; or
(d)
A public record or an instrument filed or required by law to be filed or legally fileable in or with a public office or public servant; or
(e)
A written instrument officially issued or created by a public office, public servant, or government agency; or
(f)
Part of an issue of tokens, transfers, certificates, or other articles manufactured and designed for use in transportation fees upon public conveyances, or as symbols of value usable in place of money for the purchase of property or services available to the public for compensation; or
(g)
Part of an issue of lottery tickets or shares designed for use in the lottery held pursuant to article
40
of title
44
; or
(h)
A document-making implement that may be used or is used in the production of a false identification document or in the production of another document-making implement to produce false identification documents.
(2)
Forgery is a class 5 felony.
(3)
Uttering a forged document to a peace officer shall create a presumption that the person intended to defraud such peace officer.
Amended by 2023 Ch. 298,§ 16, eff. 10/1/2023.
Amended by 2018 Ch. 31, § 9, eff. 10/1/2018.
L. 71: R&RE, p. 431, § 1.C.R.S. 1963:§ 40-4-504. L. 83:Entire section amended, p. 666, § 9, effective July 1. L. 84:(2)(a) amended, p. 1119, § 15, effective June 7. L. 89:(2)(b) amended, p. 834, § 48, effective July 1. L. 93:(1) amended, p. 1732, § 19, effective July 1. L. 2021:IP(2) amended,(SB 21-271), ch. 462, p. 3179, § 213, effective 3/1/2022; (2)(a)(II) added by revision,(SB 21-271), ch. 462, pp. 3179, 3331, §§ 213, 803. L. 2023:(2)(b) amended,(HB 23-1293), ch. 298, p. 1785 , § 15, effective October 1.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 5 - OFFENSES INVOLVING FRAUD (§§ 18-5-101 — 18-5-905) › Part 1 - FORGERY, SIMULATION, IMPERSONATION, AND RELATED OFFENSES (§§ 18-5-101 — 18-5-120) › Section 18-5-103 - [Repealed]

L. 71: R&RE, p. 434, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: §
40-5-103
. L. 82: (1)(d) amended and (1)(e) added, p. 385, § 3, effective April 30. L. 89: (2) amended, p. 834, § 51, effective July 1. L. 93: Entire section repealed, p. 1988, § 17, effective July 1.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 5 - OFFENSES INVOLVING FRAUD (§§ 18-5-101 — 18-5-905) › Part 1 - FORGERY, SIMULATION, IMPERSONATION, AND RELATED OFFENSES (§§ 18-5-101 — 18-5-120) › Section 18-5-104 - Second degree forgery

(1)
A person commits second degree forgery if, with intent to defraud, such person falsely makes, completes, alters, or utters a written instrument of a kind not described in section
18-5-102
or
18-5-104.5
.
(2)
Second degree forgery is a class 2 misdemeanor.
Amended by 2021 Ch. 462, § 227, eff. 3/1/2022.
L. 71: R&RE, p. 435, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: §
40-5-104
. L. 93: Entire section amended, p. 1989, § 18, effective July 1. L. 96: (1) amended, p. 841, § 2, effective July 1. L. 2021: (2) amended, (SB 21-271), ch. 3181, p. 3181, § 227, effective 3/1/2022.
Section 803(2) of chapter 462 (SB 21-271), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to offenses committed on or after March 1, 2022.
2021 Ch. 462, was passed without a safety clause. See Colo. Const. art. V, § 1(3).
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 5 - OFFENSES INVOLVING FRAUD (§§ 18-5-101 — 18-5-905) › Part 1 - FORGERY, SIMULATION, IMPERSONATION, AND RELATED OFFENSES (§§ 18-5-101 — 18-5-120) › Section 18-5-104.5 - Use of forged academic record

(1)
A person commits use of a forged academic record if, with intent to seek employment or with intent to seek admission to a public or private institution of higher education in this state or for the purpose of securing a scholarship or other form of financial assistance from the institution itself or from other public or private sources of financial assistance, such person falsely makes, completes, alters, or utters a written instrument which is or purports to be, or is calculated to become or to represent if completed, a bona fide academic record of an institution of secondary or higher education.
(2)
For purposes of this section:
(a)
"Academic record" means a transcript, diploma, grade report, or similar document of an institution of secondary or higher education.
(b)
"Financial assistance" means financial assistance for educational purposes, including, but not limited to, loans, scholarships, grants, fellowships, assistantships, work-study programs, or other forms of financial aid.
(3)
Use of a forged academic record is a class 2 misdemeanor.
Amended by 2021 Ch. 462, § 228, eff. 3/1/2022.
L. 96: Entire section added, p. 840, § 1, effective July 1. L. 2021: (3) amended, (SB 21-271), ch. 462, p. 3181, § 228, effective 3/1/2022.
Section 803(2) of chapter 462 (SB 21-271), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to offenses committed on or after March 1, 2022.
2021 Ch. 462, was passed without a safety clause. See Colo. Const. art. V, § 1(3).
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 5 - OFFENSES INVOLVING FRAUD (§§ 18-5-101 — 18-5-905) › Part 1 - FORGERY, SIMULATION, IMPERSONATION, AND RELATED OFFENSES (§§ 18-5-101 — 18-5-120) › Section 18-5-105 - Criminal possession of a forged instrument

A person commits a class 6 felony when, with knowledge that it is forged and with intent to use to defraud, such person possesses any forged instrument of a kind described in section
18-5-102
.
L. 71: R&RE, p. 435, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: §
40-5-105
. L. 89: Entire section amended, p. 834, § 52, effective July 1. L. 93: Entire section amended, p. 1989, § 19, effective July 1.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 5 - OFFENSES INVOLVING FRAUD (§§ 18-5-101 — 18-5-905) › Part 1 - FORGERY, SIMULATION, IMPERSONATION, AND RELATED OFFENSES (§§ 18-5-101 — 18-5-120) › Section 18-5-106 - [Repealed]

L. 71: R&RE, p. 435, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: §
40-5-106
. L. 93: Entire section repealed, p. 1989, § 20, effective July 1.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 5 - OFFENSES INVOLVING FRAUD (§§ 18-5-101 — 18-5-905) › Part 1 - FORGERY, SIMULATION, IMPERSONATION, AND RELATED OFFENSES (§§ 18-5-101 — 18-5-120) › Section 18-5-107 - Criminal possession of second degree forged instrument

A person commits a petty offense, when, with knowledge that it is forged, and with intent to defraud, the person possesses any forged instrument of a kind covered by section
18-5-104
.
Amended by 2021 Ch. 462, § 229, eff. 3/1/2022.
L. 71: R&RE, p. 435, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: §
40-5-107
. L. 93: Entire section amended, p. 1989, § 21, effective July 1. L. 2021: Entire section amended, (SB 21-271), ch. 3181, p. 3181, § 229, effective 3/1/2022.
Section 803(2) of chapter 462 (SB 21-271), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to offenses committed on or after March 1, 2022.
2021 Ch. 462, was passed without a safety clause. See Colo. Const. art. V, § 1(3).
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 5 - OFFENSES INVOLVING FRAUD (§§ 18-5-101 — 18-5-905) › Part 1 - FORGERY, SIMULATION, IMPERSONATION, AND RELATED OFFENSES (§§ 18-5-101 — 18-5-120) › Section 18-5-108 - Merger of offenses

A person may not be convicted of both forgery and criminal possession of a forged instrument with respect to the same written instrument.
L. 71: R&RE, p. 435, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 40-5-108.