reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 8 - Signs › Section 27905.

27905. It is unlawful to display on a vehicle any sign with the words “fire” or “fire department” thereon, except on vehicles owned and operated by a regularly organized fire department, fire district, forestry service, or the State Fire Marshal’s Office, and on the privately owned vehicles of any regular member of any such fire departments.
(Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 8 - Signs › Section 27906.

27906. (a) Every schoolbus, while being used for the transportation of school pupils at or below the 12th-grade level shall bear upon the front and rear of the bus a plainly visible sign containing the word “schoolbus” in letters not less than eight inches in height. The letters on schoolbus signs shall be of proportionate width.
Except as provided in subdivision (b), no other vehicle shall display a sign containing the word “schoolbus.”
(b) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), a schoolbus which is also used to transport persons of any age who are developmentally disabled, as defined by the Lanterman Developmental Disabilities Services Act (Division 4.5 (commencing with Section 4500) of the Welfare and Institutions Code), may display a sign containing the word “schoolbus” while transporting those persons to or from vocational, prevocational, or work training centers sponsored by the State Department of Developmental Services.
(c) Every schoolbus, when operated for the transportation of school pupils at or below the 12th-grade level, shall bear upon the rear of the bus, below the rear windows, a plainly visible sign containing the words “Stop When Red Lights Flash” in letters not less than six inches in height. The letters on schoolbus signs shall be of proportionate width.
(Amended by Stats. 1986, Ch. 678, Sec. 3.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 8 - Signs › Section 27906.5.

27906.5. Every youth bus, when operated for the transportation of school pupils, shall bear, upon the front and rear of the youth bus, a plainly visible sign containing the words “YOUTH BUS” in letters not less than eight inches in height. The letters on youth bus signs shall be of proportionate width and the letters shall be in sharp contrast to the background.
(Added by Stats. 1982, Ch. 383, Sec. 6. Effective July 4, 1982. Operative on date (not sooner than October 1, 1982, or later than January 1, 1983) prescribed by Sec. 13 of Ch. 383.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 8 - Signs › Section 27906.7.

27906.7. (a) A school district, county office of education, or charter school using a zero-emission schoolbus to transport pupils at or below the 12th-grade level may place signage on the rear of the zero-emission schoolbus that identifies the schoolbus as a clean air zero-emission bus. The signage may specify the fuel type of the zero-emission schoolbus.
(b) The Department of the California Highway Patrol may issue guidelines governing the size and placement of the signage described in subdivision (a).
(Added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 413, Sec. 1. (SB 775) Effective January 1, 2024.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 8 - Signs › Section 27907.

27907. There shall be displayed in a conspicuous place on both the right and left side of a tow truck, a repossessor’s tow vehicle, or an automobile dismantler’s tow vehicle used to tow or carry vehicles a sign showing the name of the company or the owner or operator of the tow truck or tow vehicle. The sign shall also contain the business address and telephone number of the owner or driver. The letters and numbers of the sign shall not be less than 2 inches in height and shall be in contrast to the color of the background upon which they are placed.
A person licensed as a repossession agency pursuant to Chapter 11 (commencing with Section 7500) of Division 3 of the Business and Professions Code, or a registrant of the agency, may use the license number issued to the agency by the Department of Consumer Affairs in lieu of a name, business address, and telephone number.
(Amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 456, Sec. 16. Effective January 1, 2000.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 8 - Signs › Section 27908.

27908. (a) In every taxicab operated in this state there shall be a sign of heavy material, not smaller than 6 inches by 4 inches, or such other size as the agency regulating the operation of the taxicab provides for other notices or signs required to be in every taxicab, securely attached and clearly displayed in view of the passenger at all times, providing in letters as large as the size of the sign will reasonably allow, all of the following information:
(1) The name, address, and telephone number of the agency regulating the operation of the taxicab.
(2) The name, address, and telephone number of the firm licensed or controlled by the agency regulating the operation of the taxicab.
(b) In the event more than one local regulatory agency has jurisdiction over the operation of the taxicab, the notice required by paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) shall provide the name, address, and telephone number of the agency having jurisdiction in the area where the taxicab operator conducts its greatest volume of business; or, if this cannot readily be ascertained, the agency having jurisdiction in the area where the taxicab operator maintains its offices or primary place of business, provided that the operator conducts a substantial volume of business in such area; or, if neither of the foregoing provisions apply, any agency having jurisdiction of an area where the taxicab operator conducts a substantial volume of business.
(c) As used in this section, “taxicab” means a passenger vehicle designed for carrying not more than eight persons, excluding the driver, and used to carry passengers for hire. “Taxicab” shall not include a charter-party carrier of passengers within the meaning of the Passenger Charter-party Carriers’ Act, Chapter 8 (commencing with Section 5351) of Division 2 of the Public Utilities Code.
(Added by Stats. 1973, Ch. 1158.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 8 - Signs › Section 27909.

27909. Any vehicle which carries liquefied petroleum gas fuel or natural gas, in a tank attached to a vehicle, in any concealed area, including trunks, compartments, or under the vehicle, shall display on the exterior of the vehicle the letters “CNG,” “LNG,” or “LPG,” whichever type fuel is utilized, in block letters at least one inch high. The letters shall be of contrasting color and shall be placed as near as possible to the area of the location of the tank. Any vehicle fueled by liquefied petroleum gas fuel or by natural gas may also comply with this section by displaying on each side of the vehicle words or letters at least 0.25 inch high indicating that the vehicle is fueled by liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas. It is unlawful to dispense liquefied petroleum gas fuel or natural gas into any tank in a concealed area of any vehicle registered in California, unless the vehicle complies with the requirements of this section.
(Amended by Stats. 1983, Ch. 142, Sec. 171.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 8 - Signs › Section 27910.

27910. The Department of the California Highway Patrol shall initiate a 12-month study to determine an effective means to enforce the provisions of the Commercial Vehicle Registration Act of 2001. The Department of the California Highway Patrol, after consultation with representatives from the Department of Transportation, the Board of Equalization, the Department of Motor Vehicles, and the commercial vehicle industry, shall provide, on or before July 1, 2003, recommendations to the Legislature for actions to be taken to ensure compliance with that act.
(Added by Stats. 2000, Ch. 861, Sec. 55. Effective September 29, 2000. Operative December 31, 2001, pursuant to Sec. 67 of Ch. 861.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 9 - Refrigeration Equipment › Section 28000.

28000. Every refrigerator van equipped with one or more doors designed to lock automatically upon closure shall have at least one door which can be opened from inside the van as an emergency means of exit.
For the purposes of this article, “refrigerator van” means any motor truck, semitrailer, or trailer, with a fully enclosed cargo body having an enclosed volume of 15 cubic feet or more, which utilizes a mechanical refrigeration system to reduce the temperature within the enclosed portion of the vehicle to 32 degrees Fahrenheit or less, or which provides refrigeration by the use of dry ice.
(Added by Stats. 1961, Ch. 1335.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 10 - Odometers › Section 28050.

28050. It is unlawful for any person to advertise for sale, to sell, to use, or to install on any part of a motor vehicle or on an odometer in a motor vehicle any device which causes the odometer to register any mileage other than the true mileage driven. For the purposes of this section the true mileage driven is that mileage driven by the car as registered by the odometer within the manufacturer’s designed tolerance.
(Added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1109.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 10 - Odometers › Section 28050.5.

28050.5. It is unlawful for any person with the intent to defraud to operate a motor vehicle on any street or highway knowing that the odometer of such vehicle is disconnected or nonfunctional.
(Added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1210.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 10 - Odometers › Section 28051.

28051. It is unlawful for any person to disconnect, turn back, advance, or reset the odometer of any motor vehicle with the intent to alter the number of miles indicated on the odometer gauge.
(Amended by Stats. 1973, Ch. 774.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 10 - Odometers › Section 28051.5.

28051.5. It is unlawful for any person to advertise for sale, to sell, or to use, any device designed primarily for the purpose of turning back or resetting the odometer of any motor vehicle to reduce the number of miles indicated on the odometer gauge.
(Added by Stats. 1970, Ch. 841.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 10 - Odometers › Section 28052.

28052. If a manufacturer, distributor, or dealer of a new motor vehicle makes any warranty to the purchaser of, and with respect to, a new motor vehicle which is based on the amount of miles that the motor vehicle is driven, only those miles which the motor vehicle has been driven on and after the date that the motor vehicle has first been sold as new to the purchaser shall be considered for purposes of the warranty.
The mileage indicated upon the odometer of the motor vehicle on the date that the motor vehicle is first sold as new to the purchaser shall, for purposes of the warranty, be the mileage upon which the warranty shall commence.
Nothing in this section shall be construed to relieve any person of any criminal punishment to which he would otherwise be subject under Section 28051.
The provisions of this section shall apply only to motor vehicles which are sold on or after the effective date of this section.
(Added by Stats. 1969, Ch. 111.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 10 - Odometers › Section 28053.

28053. (a) Nothing in this article prevents the service, repair, or replacement of an odometer, if the mileage indicated thereon remains the same as before the service, repair, or replacement. If the odometer is incapable of registering the same mileage as before the service, repair, or replacement, the odometer shall be adjusted to read zero and a notice in writing shall be attached to the left doorframe of the vehicle by the person performing the service, repair, or replacement specifying the mileage prior to the service, repair or replacement of the odometer and the date on which it was serviced, repaired, or replaced.
(b) No person shall fail to adjust an odometer or affix a notice regarding the adjustment as required by subdivision (a).
(c) No person shall, with intent to defraud, remove or alter any notice affixed to a vehicle pursuant to subdivision (a).
(Repealed and added by Stats. 1987, Ch. 130, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 11 - Fire Extinguishers › Section 28060.

28060. (a) No person shall sell or offer for sale a new recreational vehicle or new camper which is equipped with cooking equipment or heating equipment, and no dealer or person holding a retail seller’s permit shall sell or offer for sale a used recreational vehicle or a used camper which is equipped with cooking or heating equipment, unless such new or used vehicle or new or used camper is equipped with at least one fire extinguisher, filled and ready for use, of the dry chemical or carbon dioxide type with an aggregate rating of at least 4-B:C units, which meets the requirements specified in Section 13162 of the Health and Safety Code.
(b) The operator of a recreational vehicle, or a vehicle to which a camper is attached, which recreational vehicle or camper is equipped with a fire extinguisher as required by subdivision (a), shall carry such fire extinguisher in such recreational vehicle or camper and shall maintain the fire extinguisher in an efficient operating condition.
(c) As used in this section:
(1) “Cooking equipment” means a device designed for cooking which utilizes combustible material, including, but not limited to, materials such as charcoal or any flammable gas or liquid, and “heating equipment” means a device designed for heating which utilizes combustible material, including, but not limited to, materials such as charcoal or any flammable gas or liquid.
(2) “Recreational vehicle” has the same meaning as defined in Section 18010.5 of the Health and Safety Code.
(Added by Stats. 1972, Ch. 392.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 11 - Fire Extinguishers › Section 28062.

28062. (a) A modified limousine shall be equipped with two readily accessible and fully charged fire extinguishers having at least a 2A10BC 5 pound rating and maintained in efficient operating condition. One fire extinguisher shall be securely mounted in the driver’s compartment and at least one shall be accessible to the passengers.
(b) The driver or operator of a modified limousine shall notify the passengers of the location of each fire extinguisher prior to the commencement of any trip.
(Added by Stats. 2014, Ch. 860, Sec. 15. (SB 611) Effective September 30, 2014.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 11.5 - Bumpers › Section 28071.

28071. Every passenger vehicle registered in this state shall be equipped with a front bumper and with a rear bumper. As used in this section, “bumper” means any device designed and intended by a manufacturer to prevent the front or rear of the body of the vehicle from coming into contact with any other motor vehicle. This section shall not apply to any passenger vehicle that is required to be equipped with an energy absorption system pursuant to either state or federal law, or to any passenger vehicle which was not equipped with a front or rear bumper, or both, at the time that it was first sold and registered under the laws of this or any other state or foreign jurisdiction.
(Amended by Stats. 1973, Ch. 451.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 12 - Camper Signaling Devices › Section 28080.

28080. (a) Every motor vehicle upon which a camper is mounted shall be equipped with an audible or visual signaling device which can be activated from inside the camper and which is constructed so as to allow any person inside the camper to gain the attention of the driver of the motor vehicle. In no event shall a horn, as required by Section 27000, be used to comply with this subdivision.
(b) No person shall drive a motor vehicle upon which is mounted a camper containing any passenger unless the motor vehicle is equipped as required by subdivision (a).
(Added by Stats. 1973, Ch. 292.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 12 - Camper Signaling Devices › Section 28081.

28081. The provisions of Section 28080 shall not apply to either of the following:
(a) Any motor vehicle upon which a camper is mounted if a person is able to move between the cab portion of the motor vehicle and the camper.
(b) Any motor vehicle upon which a camper is mounted, which motor vehicle is equipped with a sliding or removable rear window which can be opened or removed by a person inside such camper.
(Added by Stats. 1973, Ch. 292.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 13 - Theft Alarm System › Section 28085.

28085. Any motor vehicle may be equipped with a theft alarm system which flashes the lights of the vehicle, or sounds an audible signal, or both, and which operates as follows:
(a) The system may flash any of the lights required or permitted on the vehicle.
(b) The system may sound an audible signal.
(c) No vehicle shall be equipped with a theft alarm system which emits the sound of a siren.
(Amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 516, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 1995.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 14 - Cellular Telephones › Section 28090.

28090. Every renter of a motor vehicle with cellular radio telephone equipment shall provide the person who rents the motor vehicle with written operating instructions concerning the safe use of the equipment. The equipment shall also be clearly labeled with operating instructions concerning the safe use of the equipment.
(Added by Stats. 1987, Ch. 1306, Sec. 1.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 15 - Pilot Cars › Section 28100.

28100. A pilot car shall display at least one red warning flag on each side of the vehicle. The flags shall be a minimum of 16 inches square, and shall be mounted so as to be visible from both the front and rear of the vehicle. The flags shall be removed or covered when the vehicle is not operating as a pilot car.
(Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 460, Sec. 4.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 15 - Pilot Cars › Section 28101.

28101. In addition to the lighting, sign, and flag requirements in Sections 25270, 27904, 27904.5, and 28100, a pilot car shall meet all of the following requirements:
(a) Be a vehicle not less than 60 inches in width.
(b) Be equipped with all of the following:
(1) One STOP/SLOW paddle.
(2) One orange vest, shirt, or jacket.
(3) One red hand flag (24 inches square).
(4) One two-way radio communication device.
(Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 460, Sec. 4.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 15 - Pilot Cars › Section 28103.

28103. It is unlawful and an infraction for any person to violate any provision of this article or to fail to have any required equipment in good working order.
(Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 460, Sec. 4.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 16 - Methanol or Ethanol Fueled Vehicles › Section 28110.

28110. As used in this article, “antisiphoning device” means a device which prevents the removal by suction of fuel from a motor vehicle.
(Added by Stats. 1989, Ch. 1301, Sec. 1.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 16 - Methanol or Ethanol Fueled Vehicles › Section 28111.

28111. Except as otherwise provided in Section 28112, any 1993 and later model-year vehicle which is capable of operating on methanol or ethanol and is imported into the state, or sold, purchased, leased, rented, or acquired in the state, shall be equipped with an antisiphoning device.
(Added by Stats. 1989, Ch. 1301, Sec. 1.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 16 - Methanol or Ethanol Fueled Vehicles › Section 28112.

28112. Notwithstanding subdivision (a) of Section 28111, the State Air Resources Board may adopt regulations providing for exemptions from antisiphoning device requirements for categories of vehicles of 1993 and later model-years which it determines not susceptible to siphoning.
(Added by Stats. 1989, Ch. 1301, Sec. 1.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 16 - Methanol or Ethanol Fueled Vehicles › Section 28113.

28113. (a) Every light-duty and medium-duty motor vehicle operated for compensation to transport persons in an air quality management district or air pollution control district, which does not meet all applicable state ambient air quality standards, shall be a low-emission vehicle, as defined by regulation of the State Air Resources Board. If the vehicle is capable of operating on more than one fuel, it shall be operated within any nonattainment area to the maximum extent practicable either on the designated clean fuel on which the low-emission vehicle was certified or on any other fuel designated by the State Air Resources Board as a substitute fuel for the designated clean fuel. Any air quality management district or air pollution control district may adopt regulations for the enforcement of this section which are consistent with regulations of the State Air Resources Board.
(b) As used in this section, “motor vehicle operated for compensation to transport persons” includes a taxi cab, bus, airport shuttle vehicle, transit authority or transit district vehicle, or a vehicle owned by a private entity providing transit service under contract with a transit district or transportation authority.
(c) As used in this section, “light-duty” has the same meaning as defined in Section 39035 of the Health and Safety Code.
(d) As used in this section, “medium-duty” has the same meaning as defined in Section 39037.5 of the Health and Safety Code.
(e) This section applies to all new light-duty motor vehicles purchased on or after January 1, 1997, and to all new medium-duty vehicles purchased on or after January 1, 1998.
(Added by Stats. 1991, Ch. 496, Sec. 3.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 16 - Methanol or Ethanol Fueled Vehicles › Section 28114.

28114. (a) Every heavy-duty vehicle operated by a transit authority or transit district, or owned by a private entity providing transit service under contract with a transit district or transportation authority, and used to transport persons for compensation shall meet the emission standards adopted by the State Air Resources Board pursuant to Section 43806 of the Health and Safety Code.
(b) As used in this section, “heavy-duty” has the same meaning as defined in Section 39033 of the Health and Safety Code.
(c) This section applies to all new heavy-duty motor vehicles purchased on or after January 1, 1996, and all new or replacement engines purchased on or after January 1, 1996, for use in heavy-duty vehicles.
(Added by Stats. 1991, Ch. 496, Sec. 4.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12 - EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES › CHAPTER 5 - Other Equipment › ARTICLE 17 - Jamming Devices › Section 28150.

28150. (a) No vehicle shall be equipped with any device that is designed for, or is capable of, jamming, scrambling, neutralizing, disabling, or otherwise interfering with radar, laser, or any other electronic device used by a law enforcement agency to measure the speed of moving objects.
(b) No person shall use, buy, possess, manufacture, sell, or otherwise distribute any device that is designed for jamming, scrambling, neutralizing, disabling, or otherwise interfering with radar, laser, or any other electronic device used by a law enforcement agency to measure the speed of moving objects.
(c) Except as provided in subdivision (d), a violation of subdivision (a) or (b) is an infraction.
(d) When a person possesses four or more devices in violation of subdivision (b), the person is guilty of a misdemeanor.
(e) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person who has a valid federal license for operating the devices described in this section may transport one or more of those devices if the license is carried in the vehicle transporting the device at all times when the device is being transported.
(Added by Stats. 1998, Ch. 493, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 1999.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 12.5 - Zero-Emission Vehicles › CHAPTER 1 - Public Agency Utility Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles › Section 28500.

28500. (a) “Public agency utility” means a local publicly owned electric utility, as defined in Section 224.3 of the Public Utilities Code, a community water system, as defined in Section 116275 of the Health and Safety Code, a water district, as defined in Section 20200 of the Water Code, and a wastewater treatment provider, as defined in Section 116773.2 of the Health and Safety Code.
(b) Any state regulation that seeks to require, or otherwise compel, the procurement of medium- and heavy-duty zero-emission vehicles shall authorize public agency utilities to purchase replacements for traditional utility-specialized vehicles that are at the end of life, as determined by the State Air Resources Board in consultation with public agency utilities, when needed to maintain reliable service and respond to major foreseeable events, including, but not limited to, severe weather, wildfires, natural disasters, and physical attacks, without regard to the model year of the vehicle being replaced. For the purposes of determining the daily usage of a medium- or heavy-duty vehicle, a public agency utility may provide comprehensive usage data for a class of vehicles that does not exclusively rely on the lowest mileage reading and does not exclude the highest usage days.
(Added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 585, Sec. 3. (AB 1594) Effective January 1, 2024.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 13 - TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT › CHAPTER 1 - Towing Equipment › Section 29000.

29000. Unless specified, this chapter does not apply to tow trucks or to the drawbar or other connection between a motor vehicle and a pole or pipe dolly or logging dolly or to any lawful trailer used as a pole or pipe dolly.
(Amended by Stats. 1988, Ch. 924, Sec. 19.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 13 - TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT › CHAPTER 1 - Towing Equipment › Section 29001.

29001. The upper and lower halves of every fifth wheel connecting device on any semitrailer and truck-tractor or auxiliary dolly shall be securely affixed to the vehicles to prevent shifting of the device on the vehicle to which it is attached.
(Added by renumbering Section 29000 by Stats. 1969, Ch. 338.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 13 - TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT › CHAPTER 1 - Towing Equipment › Section 29002.

29002. Every fifth wheel mechanism, including adapters, shall be equipped with a locking device which will not permit the upper and lower halves to be separated without the operation of a positive manual release. The manual release shall be designed, installed, and maintained so that it cannot be accidentally operated. Automatic locking devices on fifth wheels designed and constructed to be readily separable are required on any vehicle first required to be registered in this state after January 1, 1954.
(Added by renumbering Section 29001 by Stats. 1969, Ch. 338.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 13 - TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT › CHAPTER 1 - Towing Equipment › Section 29003.

29003. (a) Every hitch or coupling device used as a means of attaching the towed and towing vehicles shall be properly and securely mounted and be structurally adequate for the weight drawn. The mounting of the hitch or coupling device on the towing and towed vehicle shall include sufficient reinforcement or bracing of the frame to provide sufficient strength and rigidity to prevent undue distortion of the frame.
(b) The drawbar, tongue, or other connection between the towing and towed vehicles shall be securely attached and structurally adequate for the weight drawn.
(c) The raised end of any motor vehicle being transported by another motor vehicle using a tow dolly shall be secured to the tow dolly by two separate chains, cables, or equivalent devices adequate to prevent shifting or separation of the towed vehicle and the tow dolly.
(Amended by Stats. 1983, Ch. 708, Sec. 10.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 13 - TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT › CHAPTER 1 - Towing Equipment › Section 29004.

29004. (a) (1) Except as required under paragraph (2), a towed vehicle shall be coupled to the towing vehicle by means of a safety chain, cable, or equivalent device in addition to the regular drawbar, tongue, or other connection.
(2) A vehicle towed by a tow truck shall be coupled to the tow truck by means of at least two safety chains in addition to the primary restraining system. The safety chains shall be securely affixed to the truck frame, bed, or towing equipment, independent of the towing sling, wheel lift, or under-reach towing equipment.
(3) A vehicle transported as a load on a trailer, using vehicles other than those described in Section 34500, shall be secured by at least four tiedown chains, straps, or an equivalent device, independent of the winch or loading cable.
(b) All safety connections and attachments shall be of sufficient strength to control the towed vehicle in the event of failure of the regular hitch, coupling device, drawbar, tongue, or other connection. All safety connections and attachments also shall have a positive means of ensuring that the safety connection or attachment does not become dislodged while in transit.
(c) No more slack may be left in a safety chain, cable, or equivalent device than is necessary to permit proper turning. When a drawbar is used as the towing connection, the safety chain, cable, or equivalent device shall be connected to the towed and towing vehicle and to the drawbar so as to prevent the drawbar from dropping to the ground if the drawbar fails.
(d) Subdivision (a) does not apply to a semitrailer having a connecting device composed of a fifth wheel and kingpin assembly, and does not apply to a towed motor vehicle when steered by a person who holds a license for the type of vehicle being towed.
(e) For purposes of this section, a “tow truck” includes both of the following:
(1) A repossessor’s tow vehicle, as defined in subdivision (b) of Section 615.
(2) An automobile dismantler’s tow vehicle, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 615.
(f) A vehicle towed by a repossessor’s tow vehicle, as defined in subdivision (b) of Section 615, is exempt from the multisafety chain requirement of paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) so long as the vehicle is not towed more than one mile on a public highway and is secured by one safety chain.
(Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 311, Sec. 9. (SB 814) Effective January 1, 2022.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 13 - TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT › CHAPTER 1 - Towing Equipment › Section 29004.5.

29004.5. No recreational vehicle, as described in Section 18010.5 of the Health and Safety Code, designed to be towed, shall be manufactured for sale in this state, sold, offered for sale, leased, or rented unless it is equipped with a safety connection in compliance with Section 29004 with breaking strength which equals or exceeds the gross weight of the towed vehicle. The retail seller, renter, or lessor shall supply instructions to the purchaser, renter, or lessee of such recreational vehicle on proper methods of making the connection between the towed and towing vehicles. Nothing in this section shall, however, require a lessor of a recreational vehicle to supply to the lessee of such vehicle the required instructions if such vehicle is sold to the lessor by a third party and such third party or the agent of the third party delivers possession of the vehicle to the lessee. In such case, such third party shall supply to the lessee the required instructions.
(Added by Stats. 1978, Ch. 932.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 13 - TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT › CHAPTER 1 - Towing Equipment › Section 29006.

29006. (a) No person shall operate a vehicle towing another motor vehicle upon a freeway unless the towing vehicle is coupled to the towed vehicle by a rigid structure attached securely to both vehicles by nonrigid means.
(b) The requirements of subdivision (a) are not applicable to a vehicle towing a motor vehicle which has been disabled and is being towed from the point of disablement to the nearest and most accessible exit from the freeway.
(Added by Stats. 1970, Ch. 334.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 13 - TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT › CHAPTER 1 - Towing Equipment › Section 29007.

29007. The requirements of Section 29004 shall not apply to vehicles engaged in driveaway-towaway operations if all the following conditions are met:
(a) The towed vehicle has one end supported by the towing vehicle.
(b) The towed vehicle is secured to the towing vehicle by a device designed and constructed as to be readily demountable and to perform the functions of a fifth-wheel-type connection.
(c) The fifth-wheel-type connection device is securely affixed to the vehicles to prevent shifting of the device on the vehicles to which it is attached.
(d) The fifth-wheel-type connection device provides a means of variation of inclination between the towing and towed vehicle due to vertical curvatures of the highway. Such means shall not depend upon either the looseness or deformation of the connection or the vehicles to provide for such variation.
(e) No more than three saddle-mounts may be used in any combination.
(f) No more than one tow-bar or ball-and-socket type coupling device may be used in any combination.
(g) Driveaway-towaway combinations shall comply with all provisions specified in Section 393.71 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
(Amended by Stats. 2015, Ch. 451, Sec. 56. (SB 491) Effective January 1, 2016.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 13 - TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT › CHAPTER 1 - Towing Equipment › Section 29008.

29008. Sections 29004 and 29005 shall not apply to trailers or dollies used to support booms attached to truck cranes if the following conditions are met:
(a) The trailer or dolly is connected to the boom by a pin, coupling device, or fifth wheel assembly.
(b) The trailer is secured to the boom with a chain, cable, or equivalent device of sufficient strength to control the trailer or dolly in case of failure of the connection consisting of a pin, coupling device, or fifth wheel assembly.
(Amended by Stats. 2006, Ch. 538, Sec. 664. Effective January 1, 2007.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 13 - TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT › CHAPTER 1 - Towing Equipment › Section 29009.

29009. The requirements of Section 29004 do not apply to a dolly used to support a portion of special construction equipment, as defined in Section 565, which, due to its size or weight is being operated under the authority of a permit issued by the Department of Transportation, if the dolly is secured to the construction equipment, and the construction equipment is secured to the towing vehicle, by chain, cable, or equivalent devices of sufficient strength to control the construction equipment and dolly.
(Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 907, Sec. 3.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 13 - TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT › CHAPTER 5 - Transporting Other Loads › ARTICLE 1 - Hazardous Materials › Section 31301.

31301. (a) No person shall transport any explosive substance, flammable liquid, liquefied petroleum gas or poisonous gas in a tank truck, trailer, or semitrailer through the Caldecott Tunnel located on State Highway, Route 24, near the Alameda-Contra Costa County boundary, connecting Oakland with Contra Costa County in the East Bay area at any time other than between the hours of 3 a.m. to 5 a.m.
(b) The Department of Transportation may, in compliance with the requirements of Article 1 (commencing with Section 22400) of Division 11, determine and declare a reduced speed limit, lower than the maximum speed of 55 miles per hour, found most appropriate for traffic safety between the hours of 3 a.m. and 5 a.m.
(c) Nothing in this section shall be construed as a limitation or restriction on the power of the Department of Transportation, conferred by any other provision of law, to adopt regulations with regard to the movement of vehicles, including, but not limited to, tank truck vehicles transporting any cargo specified under subdivision (a) through the Caldecott Tunnel.
If, pursuant to any such other law, the Department of Transportation adopts or amends regulations after the effective date of this section, which adopted or amended regulations govern the movement of vehicles subject to subdivision (a), then on the operative date of those regulations, this section shall no longer be operative.
(Added by Stats. 1982, Ch. 1140, Sec. 1. Effective September 20, 1982. Conditionally inoperative as provided in subd. (c).)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 13 - TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT › CHAPTER 5 - Transporting Other Loads › ARTICLE 1 - Hazardous Materials › Section 31303.

31303. (a) The provisions of this section apply to the highway transportation of hazardous materials and hazardous waste for which the display of placards or markings is required pursuant to Section 27903. This section does not apply to hazardous materials being transported on specified routes pursuant to Section 31616 or 33000.
(b) Unless restricted or prohibited pursuant to Section 31304, the transportation shall be on state or interstate highways which offer the least overall transit time whenever practicable.
(c) The transporter shall avoid, whenever practicable, congested thoroughfares, places where crowds are assembled, and residence districts as defined in Section 515.
(d) Vehicles used for the transportation shall not be left unattended or parked overnight in a residence district as defined in Section 515.
(e) When transporting hazardous waste pursuant to Section 25169.3 of the Health and Safety Code, all provisions of the waste hauler transportation safety plan, as approved by the State Department of Health Services, shall be complied with.
(f) Transportation which deviates from the routes required by this section shall not be excused on the basis of operating convenience.
(g) Notwithstanding subdivisions (b) and (c), vehicles engaged in the transportation may also use any of the following highways:
(1) Highways which provide necessary access to local pickup or delivery points consistent with safe vehicle operation.
(2) Highways which provide reasonable access to fuel, repairs, rest, or food facilities that are designed and intended to accommodate commercial vehicle parking, when that access is consistent with safe vehicle operation and when the facility is within one-half road mile of points of entry or exit from the state or interstate highway being used.
(3) Highways restricted or prohibited pursuant to this section when no other lawful alternative exists.
(h) This section shall become operative on January 1, 1987.
(Repealed (in Sec. 1) and added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 814, Sec. 2. Section operative January 1, 1987, by its own provisions. Note: See this section as modified on July 17, 1991, in Governor's Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1991.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 13 - TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT › CHAPTER 5 - Transporting Other Loads › ARTICLE 1 - Hazardous Materials › Section 31305.

31305. (a) Upon receipt of a written petition from a local jurisdiction or motor carrier adversely affected by a restriction or prohibition adopted pursuant to Section 31304, the Department of the California Highway Patrol may preempt any local restriction or prohibition that, in its opinion, is not compatible with reasonable and necessary access or the use of highways when no other lawful alternative exists as provided for in paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of that section, or through transportation as provided for in paragraph (4) of subdivision (a) of that section.
(b) Upon receipt of a written petition from a local jurisdiction or motor carrier adversely affected by a preemption issued pursuant to subdivision (a), the Department of the California Highway Patrol, after holding a public hearing, shall render a decision upholding or denying the petition.
(c) This section shall become operative on January 1, 1987.
(Added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 814, Sec. 4. Section operative January 1, 1987, by its own provisions.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 13 - TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT › CHAPTER 5 - Transporting Other Loads › ARTICLE 1 - Hazardous Materials › Section 31306.

31306. (a) A list of highways restricted or prohibited pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 31304 shall be published or updated by the Department of the California Highway Patrol semiannually.
(b) This section shall become operative on January 1, 1987.
(Added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 814, Sec. 5. Section operative January 1, 1987, by its own provisions.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 13 - TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT › CHAPTER 5 - Transporting Other Loads › ARTICLE 1 - Hazardous Materials › Section 31307.

31307. (a) It is unlawful for the owner of any vehicle or the authorized agent of the owner to drive, or to direct or knowingly permit the driving of, the vehicle in violation of Section 31303 or 31304. Violation of any of these sections is a misdemeanor punishable as follows:
(1) For a first violation, a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars ($500), imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding 60 days, or both the fine and imprisonment.
(2) For a second violation within a 12-month period, a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000), imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding 60 days, or both the fine and imprisonment.
(3) For a third or subsequent violation within a 12-month period, a fine not exceeding two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500), imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding 120 days, or both the fine and imprisonment.
(b) Additionally, upon recommendation of the Department of the California Highway Patrol, three or more violations of these sections constitute grounds for suspension or revocation of registration, or denial of an application for registration under Section 25163 of the Health and Safety Code by the State Department of Health Services. Proceedings in these cases shall be subject to Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 11500) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code.
(c) This section shall become operative on January 1, 1987.
(Added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 814, Sec. 6. Section operative January 1, 1987, by its own provisions. Note: See this section as modified on July 17, 1991, in Governor's Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1991.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 13 - TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT › CHAPTER 5 - Transporting Other Loads › ARTICLE 1 - Hazardous Materials › Section 31308.

31308. (a) Nothing contained in Section 31303 or 31304 shall be deemed to exempt any person subject to these sections from other provisions of this code.
(b) This section shall become operative on January 1, 1987.
(Added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 814, Sec. 7. Section operative January 1, 1987, by its own provisions.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 13 - TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT › CHAPTER 5 - Transporting Other Loads › ARTICLE 1 - Hazardous Materials › Section 31309.

31309. Notwithstanding Section 34500 and subdivision (a) of Section 34501, the transportation of hazardous materials in a manner requiring that placards be displayed on the transporting vehicle pursuant to Section 27903, shall comply with regulations adopted by the California Highway Patrol pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 34501.
(Added by Stats. 1990, Ch. 429, Sec. 3.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 13 - TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT › CHAPTER 5 - Transporting Other Loads › ARTICLE 2 - Vehicles Transporting Workmen › Section 31400.

31400. Trucks used primarily or regularly for the transportation of workmen shall be:
(a) Equipped with seats securely fastened to the vehicle.
(b) Equipped, if a motortruck, with a railing or other suitable enclosure on the sides and end of the vehicle not less than 46 inches above the floor of the vehicle.
(c) Equipped with steps, stirrups, or other equivalent devices so placed and arranged that the vehicle may be safely mounted and dismounted.
(Added by Stats. 1968, Ch. 1019.)
2023 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 13 - TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT › CHAPTER 5 - Transporting Other Loads › ARTICLE 2 - Vehicles Transporting Workmen › Section 31401.

31401. (a) The department shall adopt regulations designed to promote the safe operation of farm labor vehicles described in Section 322, including, but not limited to, vehicular design, equipment, passenger safety, and seating.
(b) The department shall inspect every farm labor vehicle described in Section 322 at least once annually to ascertain whether its construction, design, and equipment comply with all provisions of law. No person shall drive any farm labor vehicle described in Section 322 unless there is displayed therein a certificate issued by the department stating that on a stated day, which shall be within 13 months of the date of operation, an authorized employee of the department inspected the vehicle and found on the date of inspection the vehicle complied with applicable regulations relating to construction, design, and equipment. The commissioner shall provide by rule or regulation for the issuance and display of distinctive inspection certificates.
(c) The department may inspect any vehicle subject to these regulations in maintenance facilities, terminals, labor camps, or other private property of the vehicle owner or the farm labor contractor to insure compliance with the provisions of this code and regulations adopted pursuant to this section.
(d) The owner of any farm labor vehicle or any farm labor contractor, as defined in Section 1682 of the Labor Code, who rents a farm labor vehicle or who otherwise uses a farm labor vehicle to transport individuals is responsible for the inspection required under subdivision (b).
(e) An owner of any farm labor vehicle or any farm labor contractor who operates a farm labor vehicle under the circumstances described in subdivision (d) may not operate that vehicle unless the vehicle has a current certificate described in subdivision (b).
(f) It is unlawful to violate any provision of these regulations or this section.
(Amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 556, Sec. 3. Effective September 29, 1999.)