2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 25 - PUBLIC HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT (§§ 25-1-101 — 25-59-106) › ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL (§§ 25-6.5-101 — 25-18.9-105) › Article 7 - AIR QUALITY CONTROL (§§ 25-7-101 — 25-7-1604) › Part 1 - AIR QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM (§§ 25-7-101 — 25-7-147) › Section 25-7-109.3 - Colorado hazardous air pollutant control and reduction program - rules - repeal

(1)
The commission shall promulgate appropriate rules pertaining to hazardous air pollutants that are consistent with this section, section
25-7-109.5
, and the requirements of and emission standards promulgated pursuant to section 112 of the federal act, including any standard required to be imposed under section 112(r) of the federal act. The commission shall monitor the progress and results of the risk studies performed under section 112 of the federal act to show that Colorado's hazardous air pollutant control and reduction program is at least as protective as the national strategy.
(2)
The commission may promulgate rules pertaining to hazardous air pollutants in accordance with this section, section
25-7-109.5
, and section
25-7-114.4
. In order to minimize additional regulatory and compliance costs to the state's economy, any program created by the commission pursuant to this section may contain a provision that exempts from the requirements of the program those sources or categories of sources that it determines to be of minor significance. Consistent with the provisions of section
25-7-105.1
, the commission shall authorize synthetic minor sources of hazardous air pollutants by the issuance of construction permits or prohibitory or other rules. The commission shall expeditiously implement this subsection (2) to ensure that all sources may be able to timely qualify as a synthetic minor source, thereby avoiding the costs of the operating permit program.
(3)
(a)
(I)
As soon as adequate scientific, technological, and hazardous air pollutant emissions information is available, the commission may promulgate regulations for the control of hazardous air pollutants, including utilizing Colorado GACT or Colorado MACT technology-based emission reduction requirements, as defined in section
25-7-103
(6.7) and (6.8).
(II)
The division may establish schedules of compliance of up to five years leading to final compliance for any such regulation, which shall be enforced through regulations or conditions in construction permits issued pursuant to section
25-7-114.2
or
25-7-114.5
. In determining any schedule of compliance, the division shall consider the current availability of technology, costs of compliance, and the consequence of delay to the public health or environment or economy.
(III)
The division shall issue its determination of Colorado GACT or Colorado MACT and the compliance schedule in writing.
(IV)
Within thirty calendar days after receipt of a determination by the division requiring installation of Colorado GACT or Colorado MACT and the compliance schedule, pursuant to this subsection (3), a source may appeal such a determination or compliance schedule by filing with the commission a written petition requesting a hearing to review the determination on a de novo basis.
(V)
Such hearing shall allow the parties to present evidence and argument on all issues and to conduct cross-examination required for full disclosure of the facts and shall otherwise be conducted in accordance with section
25-7-119
.
(b) and (b.1)
Repealed.
(c)
The commission shall designate by regulation those classes of minor or insignificant sources of emissions of hazardous air pollutants which are exempt from the requirements of this section because their emissions of hazardous air pollutants will result in an inconsequential risk to public health.
(d)
(I)
A source subject to the requirements of this section may be exempt from installation of Colorado MACT or Colorado GACT or any Colorado health-based requirement if the division makes a determination that an alternative level of control, including no emission controls, will result in an inconsequential risk to public health.
(II)
The division shall issue its determination of a source's request for exemption under this paragraph (d) in writing within sixty days of receipt of a complete application for an exemption and shall publish notice of its determination by at least one publication in a newspaper of general distribution in the area of the source requesting the exemption.
(III)
Within thirty calendar days after receipt of a determination by the division of a request for exemption by a source under this paragraph (d), the source or any person may appeal such determination by filing with the commission a written petition requesting a hearing to review the exemption request on a de novo basis.
(IV)
Such hearing shall allow the parties to present evidence and argument on all issues and to conduct cross-examination required for full disclosure of the facts and shall otherwise be conducted in accordance with section
25-7-119
.
(e)
Any source as defined in section 112(i) of the federal act, and regulations promulgated thereunder, that participates in the early reduction program pursuant to section 112(i) of the federal act, or this article, shall be exempt from the requirements of this section for the same period of time exemptions from federal requirements or requirements under this article are allowed under the early reduction program.
(f) and (g)
Repealed.
(4)
(a)
(I)
The commission may adopt rules pertaining to those sources identified as emitting hazardous air pollutants regulated under this section, which may include additional emission reduction requirements to address any residual risk of health effects with respect to actual persons living in the vicinity of sources after installation of technology-based controls. Imposition of such requirements may be made pursuant to section
25-7-109.5
or upon a determination by the commission that operation of sources without health-based controls does not or will not represent an inconsequential threat to public health. Rules as finally adopted pursuant to this subsection (4) may apply on a source-specific basis.
(II)
Repealed.
(b)
Repealed.
(c)
Subject to paragraph (a) of this subsection (4), for existing sources not subject to regulation under section
25-7-114.3
, or not subject to regulation as a modified source, the commission may promulgate health-based regulations on a source-by-source basis, with the exceptions specified in paragraph (d) of this subsection (4).
(d)
The commission may recognize similarities among regulated sources or apply, when appropriate, previous control requirements established by the commission pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subsection (4) in making a determination about the need for such regulation under this subsection (4). The commission shall also consider fundamentally different factors between sources in making these determinations.
(e)
The commission may establish schedules of compliance leading to final compliance for any regulation promulgated pursuant to this subsection (4).
(f)
A hearing conducted by the commission under this subsection (4) shall be conducted in accordance with section
25-7-110
or
25-7-119
or article
4
of title
24
, C.R.S., as applicable.
(g)
In reaching a determination under this subsection (4), the commission shall give consideration to the technical availability of methods of compliance, the costs of compliance, and the consequences of delay. The commission shall also consider cost-benefit analysis and risk-benefit analysis pursuant to section
24-4-103
(4.5), C.R.S.
(h)
Temporary exceptional authority.
(I)
(A)
This subparagraph (I) shall apply until such time as the commission is authorized to act pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subsection (4). If the executive director of the department of public health and environment finds that a source in a category or subcategory of sources listed or proposed to be listed under section 112 of the federal act for which MACT or GACT is not scheduled for proposal until after 1997 and presents an unacceptable threat of actual health effects, then the executive director may direct the commission to evaluate and, as necessary, study such actual health effects. If the commission finds by a preponderance of the evidence that waiting until the source would be required to install GACT or MACT under section 112 of the federal act will cause an unacceptable incremental threat of actual health effects to persons living in the vicinity of such source, the commission may promulgate regulations for the control of hazardous air pollutants for the source. The control regulations may include the least restrictive control that will adequately protect the public, including but not limited to: Chemical substitution, pollution prevention, work process modifications, additional control technologies, or Colorado MACT or GACT. In promulgating Colorado GACT or MACT for the source, the commission shall consider and be as consistent as possible with GACT or MACT under section 112 of the federal act, minimization of duplicative capital expenditures and minimization of substantial reconstruction time. The commission shall provide a schedule of compliance leading to final compliance which considers matters identified in paragraphs (c), (e), (f), and (g) of this subsection (4).
(B)
Any source which is required to install Colorado MACT or GACT under regulations promulgated pursuant to sub-subparagraph (A) of this subparagraph (I) only and which subsequently is required to install federal MACT or GACT that is significantly different than Colorado MACT or GACT and imposes a significant capital cost on the source, then the general assembly shall study and consider whether an operating permit fee credit or a state tax credit for the capital costs, or a percentage of the costs, is appropriate.
(II)
Until such time as the commission is authorized to act pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subsection (4) and upon the recommendation of the executive director of the department of public health and environment, the governor may find, as expressed in an executive order, that after an existing source has installed Colorado or federal MACT or GACT, or Colorado MACT or GACT has been proposed for a new source or a modification of an existing source, the source presents an unacceptable threat of actual health effects. The governor may then direct the commission to evaluate and, as necessary, conduct studies on actual health effects. If the commission determines by a preponderance of the evidence that emissions of hazardous air pollutants by the source will cause an unacceptable threat of actual health effects to persons living in the vicinity of such source, the commission may then promulgate additional technology-based control regulations, pollution prevention, or health-based measures to protect the public health. The commission shall provide a schedule of compliance leading to final compliance which considers matters identified in paragraphs (c), (e), (f), and (g) of this subsection (4).
(III)
This subsection (4)(h) is repealed, effective July 1, 2026.
(5)
(a)
The substances listed in or pursuant to section 112(b) of the federal act, and the following substances, are declared to be hazardous air pollutants and are subject to regulation by the commission under this section:
Chemical Abstracts Service Number
Chemical
(I)
50-18-0
Cyclophosphamide
(II)
50-32-8
Benzo(a)pyrene
(III)
52-24-4
Tris(aziridinyl)-phosphine sulfide
(IV)
52-24-4
Thio-tepa
(V)
53-70-3
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
(VI)
55-98-1
1,4-butanediol dimethanesulphonate
(VII)
56-53-1
Dirthylstulresterol
(VIII)
56-55-3
Benz[a]anthracene
(IX)
70-25-7
N-methyl-n-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine
(X)
78-98-8
Methylglyoxol
(XI)
115-28-6
Chlorendic acid
(XII)
117-10-2
Chrysazin
(XIII)
122-60-1
Phenyl glycidyl ether
(XIV)
132-27-4
2-biphenylol sodium salt
(XV)
154-93-8
Bischloroethyl nitrosourea
(XVI)
298-81-7
8-methoxypsoralen
(XVII)
299-75-2
Treosulphan
(XVIII)
305-03-3
Clorambucil
(XIX)
370-67-2
Azactidine
(XX)
366-70-1
Procarbazine hydrochloride
(XXI)
446-86-6
Azathioprine
(XXII)
484-20-8
5-methoxypsoralen
(XXIII)
494-03-1
Chlornaphazine
(XXIV)
590-96-5
Methanol, (methyl-onn-azoxy)
(XXV)
607-57-8
2-nitrofluorene
(XXVI)
615-53-2
N-nitroso-n-methylurethane
(XXVII)
817-09-4
Trichlormethine
(XXVIII)
1188-47-2
Nitrilotriacetic acid, copper(2+)salt(1:1)
(XXIX)
1188-48-3
Nitrilotriacetic acid, magnesium salt(1:1)
(XXX)
1309-64-4
Antimony oxide
(XXXI)
1317-98-2
Valentinite
(XXXII)
1402-68-2
Aflatoxins
(XXXIII)
2399-81-7
Nitrilotriacetic acid, beryllium salt(1:1)
(XXXIV)
2399-83-9
Nitrilotriacetic acid, barium salt(1:1)
(XXXV)
2399-85-1
Nitrilotriacetic acid, tripotassium salt
(XXXVI)
2399-86-2
Nitrilotriacetic acid, dipotassium salt
(XXXVII)
2399-87-3
Nitrilotriacetic acid, beryllium potassium salt(1:1)
(XXXVIII)
2399-88-4
Nitrilotriacetic acid, potassium magnesium salt(1:1:1)
(XXXIX)
2399-89-5
Nitrilotriacetic acid, potassium strontium salt(1:1:1)
(XL)
2399-94-2
Nitrilotriacetic acid, calcium salt(1:1)
(XLI)
2455-08-5
Nitrilotriacetic acid, calcium potassium salt(1:1:1)
(XLII)
2475-45-8
Disperse blue 1
(XLIII)
2646-17-5
C1 solvent orange2
(XLIV)
3130-95-8
Nitrilotriacetic acid, scandium (3+) salt (1:1)
(XLV)
3438-06-0
Nitrilotriacetic acid, neodymium (3+) salt (1:1)
(XLVI)
5064-31-3
Nitrilotriacetic acid, trisodium salt
(XLVII)
5522-43-0
1-nitropyrene
(XLVIII)
5798-43-6
Nitrilotriacetic acid, disodium salt, compound with oxo (dihydrogen nit)
(XLIX)
7496-02-8
6-nitrochrysene
(L)
10042-84-9
Nitrilotriacetic acid, sodium salt (unspecified)
(LI)
10043-92-2
Radon decay products
(LII)
10413-71-5
Nitrilotriacetic acid, erbium(3+) salt (3:1)
(LIII)
12412-52-1
Senarmontite
(LIV)
12510-42-8
Erionite
(LV)
13010-47-4
1-(2-chloroethyl)-3- cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea
(LVI)
13909-09-6
1,(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4 methyl-cyclohexyl)-1 nitrosourea
(LVII)
14695-88-6
Nitrilotriacetic acid, compound with iron chloride, as /fecl3/
(LVIII)
14807-96-6
Talc (containing asbestos fibers)
(LIX)
14981-08-9
Nitrilotriacetic acid, calcium salt
(LX)
15414-25-2
Nitrilotriacetic acid, yttrium (3+) salt (1:1)
(LXI)
15467-20-6
Nitrilotriacetic acid, disodium salt
(LXII)
15663-27-1
Cisplatin
(LXIII)
15844-52-7
Nitrilotriacetic acid, copper (2+) complex
(LXIV)
15934-02-8
Nitrilotriacetic acid, monoammonium salt
(LXV)
16448-54-7
Nitrilotriacetic acid, iron (3+) complex
(LXVI)
16568-02-8
Gyromitrin
(LXVII)
18105-03-8
Nitrilotriacetic acid, mercury (2+) salt (2:3)
(LXVIII)
18432-54-7
Nitrilotriacetic acid, cadmium (2+) complex
(LXIX)
18540-29-9
Chromium compounds, hexavalent
(LXX)
18662-53-8
Nitrilotriacetic acid, trisodium salt monohydrate
(LXXI)
18946-94-6
Nitrilotriacetic acid, neodymium (3+) salt (1:1)
(LXXII)
18983-72-7
Nitrilotriacetic acid, beryllium potassium salt (1:1)
(LXXIII)
18994-66-6
Nitrilotriacetic acid, monosodium salt
(LXXIV)
19010-73-2
Nitrilotriacetic acid, aluminium (3+) complex
(LXXV)
19456-58-7
Nitrilotriacetic acid, inidium (3+) complex
(LXXVI)
22965-60-2
Nitrilotriacetic acid, nickel (3+) complex
(LXXVII)
23214-92-8
Adrianmycin
(LXXVIII)
23255-03-0
Nitrilotriacetic acid, disodium salt, monohydrate
(LXXIX)
23319-51-9
Nitrilotriacetic acid, cobalt (3+) complex
(LXXX)
23555-96-6
Nitrilotriacetic acid, potassium strontium salt (2:4:1)
(LXXXI)
23555-98-8
Nitrilotriacetic acid, calcium potassium salt (2:1:4)
(LXXXII)
25817-24-7
Nitrilotriacetic acid, potassium salt
(LXXXIII)
28444-53-3
Nitrilotriacetic acid, monopotassium salt
(LXXXIV)
28027-38-0
Nitrilotriacetic acid, holmium salt
(LXXXV)
29027-90-5
Nitrilotriacetic acid, cerium salt
(LXXXVI)
29507-58-2
Nitrilotriacetic acid, zinc (3+) complex sodium salt
(LXXXVII)
32685-17-9
Nitrilotriacetic acid, triammonium salt
(LXXXVIII)
34831-02-2
Nitrilotriacetic acid, copper (2+) hydrogen complex
(LXXXIX)
34831-03-3
Nitrilotriacetic acid, nickel (2+) hydrogen complex
(XC)
36711-58-7
Nitrilotriacetic acid, manganese salt
(XCI)
42397-64-8
1,6-dinitropyrene
(XCII)
42397-65-9
1,8-dinitropyrene
(XCIII)
46242-44-8
Nitrilotriacetic acid, antimony (3+) complex
(XCIV)
50618-02-7
Nitrilotriacetic acid, tricadium (2+) complex
(XCV)
53108-47-7
Nitrilotriacetic acid, copper (2+) complex sodium salt
(XCVI)
53108-50-2
Nitrilotriacetic acid, cobalt (3+) hydrogen complex
(XCVII)
53818-84-1
Nitrilotriacetic acid, tin (2+) salt
(XCVIII)
54749-90-5
Chlorozotocin
(XCIX)
57835-92-4
4-nitropyrene
(C)
59865-13-3
Cyclosporin A
(CI)
60034-45-9
Nitrilotriacetic acid, calcium sodium salt (1:1:1)
(CII)
60153-49-3
3-(n-nitrosomethylamino) propionitrile
(CIII)
61017-62-7
Nitrilotriacetic acid, iron (2+) complex sodium salt (1:1:1)
(CIV)
62450-06-0
trp-p-1
(CV)
62450-07-1
trp-p-2
(CVI)
64091-91-4
Ketone, 3-pyridyl3- (n-methyl-n-nitrosoamino) propyl
(CVII)
67730-10-3
2-aminodipyrido[1,2-a3,2-d] imidazole
(CVIII)
66730-11-4
2-amino-6- methyldipyrido[1,2-a32-d] imidazole
(CIX)
68006-83-7
2-amino-3-methyl- 9h-pyrido[2,3-b]indole
(CX)
69679-89-6
Nitrilotriacetic acid, calcium salt (2:3)
(CXI)
71484-80-5
Nitrilotriacetic acid, copper (2+) complex ammonium salt
(CXII)
72629-49-3
Nitrilotriacetic acid, dilithium salt
(CXIII)
73772-91-5
Nitrilotriacetic acid, magnesium salt
(CXIV)
76180-96-6
2-amino-3- methylimadazo[4,5-f] quinoline
(CXV)
79217-60-0
Cyclosporine
(CXVI)
79849-02-8
Nitrilotriacetic acid, lead (2+) salt (1:1)
(CXVII)
79915-08-5
Nitrilotriacetic acid, lead (2+) potassium salt (1:1:1)
(CXVIII)
79915-09-6
Nitrilotriacetic acid, lead (2+) salt (2:3)
(CXIX)
80508-23-2
N-nitrosonornicotine
(CXX)
86892-89-9
Nitrilotriacetic acid, disodium ammonium salt
(CXXI)
92474-39-0
Nitrilotriacetic acid, trisilver salt
(CXXII)
92988-11-9
Nitrilotriacetic acid, strontium sodium salt
(CXXIII)
108171-26-2
Chlorinated paraffins (c12, 60% chlorine)
(CXXIV)
309-00-2
Aldrin
(CXXV)
60-57-1
Dieldrin
(CXXVI)
55-18-5
N-nitrosodiethylamine
(CXXVII)
319-84-6
L-hexachlorocyclohexane
(CXXVIII)
608-73-1
Hexachlorocyclohexane-tech
(CXXIX)
7644-41-0
1,4 dichloro-2-butene
(CXXX)
924-16-3
N-nitroso-d-n-butyl-amine
(b)
The commission may promulgate a regulation which amends by adding to, or deleting from, the list of hazardous air pollutants subject to regulation under this section within the state which are not listed as hazardous air pollutants under the federal act. In amending the list of hazardous air pollutants in paragraph (a) of this subsection (5), the commission shall utilize the same standards and criteria which section 112 of the federal act requires the administrator to utilize in amending the list of hazardous air pollutants under the federal act.
(c)
The commission shall by regulation establish de minimis emission levels for each hazardous air pollutant beneath which levels emissions are considered to be of minor significance.
(d)
The rule-making authorized under paragraphs (b) and (c) of this subsection (5) shall include a hearing to allow the parties to present evidence and argument on all issues and to conduct cross-examination required for full disclosure of the facts and shall otherwise be conducted in accordance with section
25-7-119
.
(e)
Proceedings of the commission to amend the list of hazardous air pollutants under paragraph (b) of this subsection (5) shall be conducted on a substance-by-substance basis and there shall not be a consolidation of proceedings wherein more than five substances are considered for listing as a hazardous air pollutant in one proceeding.
Amended by 2022 Ch. 332, § 5, eff. 6/2/2022.
Amended by 2021 Ch. 411, § 15, eff. 7/2/2021.
Amended by 2016 Ch. 210, § 64, eff. 6/6/2016.
L. 92: Entire section added, p. 1180, § 13, effective July 1. L. 94: (2) amended, p. 1419, § 2, effective May 25; (4)(h)(I)(A) and (4)(h)(II) amended, p. 2782, § 499, effective July 1. L. 96: (1) amended, p. 1257, § 150, effective August 7. L. 2016: (3)(b.1), (3)(d)(III), (4)(d), (4)(h)(I)(A), (4)(h)(II), and (5)(b) amended and (4)(a)(II) and (4)(b) repealed, (SB 16-189), ch. 210, p. 771, § 64, effective June 6. L. 2021: (2) amended, (HB 21-1266), ch. 2748, p. 2748, § 15, effective July 2.
Section 24 of chapter 411 (HB 21-1266), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to conduct occurring on or after July 2, 2021.
(1) For the legislative declaration contained in the 1994 act amending subsections (4)(h)(I)(A) and (4)(h)(II), see section 1 of chapter 345, Session Laws of Colorado 1994. For the legislative declaration contained in the 1996 act amending this section, see section 1 of chapter 237, Session Laws of Colorado 1996. (2) For the short title ("Environmental Justice Act") and the legislative declaration in HB 21-1266, see sections 1 and 2 of chapter 411, Session Laws of Colorado 2021.