2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 16 - Public Service Companies › Chapter 283 - Telephone, Gas, Power and Water Companies › Section 16-244z. - Renewable energy tariffs.

(a)(1)(A) On or before September 1, 2018, the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall initiate a proceeding to establish a procurement plan for each electric distribution company pursuant to this subsection and may give a preference to technologies manufactured, researched or developed in the state, provided such procurement plan is consistent with and contributes to the requirements to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with section 22a-200a. Each electric distribution company shall develop such procurement plan in consultation with the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection and shall submit such procurement plan to the authority not later than sixty days after the authority initiates the proceeding pursuant to this subdivision, provided the department shall submit the program requirements pursuant to subparagraph (C) of this subdivision on or before July 1, 2019. The authority may require such electric distribution companies to conduct separate solicitations pursuant to subdivision (4) of this subsection for the resources in subparagraphs (A), (B) and (C) of said subdivision, including separate solicitations based upon the size of such resources to allow for a diversity of selected projects.
(B) On or before September 1, 2018, the authority shall initiate a proceeding to establish tariffs that provide for twenty-year terms of service described in subdivision (3) of this subsection for each electric distribution company pursuant to subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subdivision (2) of this subsection. In such proceeding, the authority shall establish the period of time that will be used for calculating the net amount of energy produced by a facility and not consumed, provided the authority shall assess whether to incorporate time-of-use rates or other dynamic pricing and such period of time shall be either (i) in real time, (ii) in one day, (iii) in any fraction of a day not to exceed one day, or (iv) in any period of time greater than one day up to and including one month. In such proceeding, the authority shall consider the findings of the study of the value of distributed energy resources conducted pursuant to section 16a-3o. The rate for such tariffs shall be established by the solicitation pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection.
(C) On or before September 1, 2018, the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection shall (i) initiate a proceeding to develop program requirements and tariff proposals for shared clean energy facilities eligible pursuant to subparagraph (C) of subdivision (2) of this subsection, including, but not limited to, the requirements in subdivision (6) of this subsection, and (ii) establish either or both of the following tariff proposals: (I) A tariff proposal that includes a price cap on a cents-per-kilowatt-hour basis for any procurement for such resources based on the procurement results of any other procurement issued pursuant to this subsection, and (II) a tariff proposal that includes a tariff rate for customers eligible under subparagraph (C) of subdivision (2) of this subsection based on energy policy goals identified by the department in the Comprehensive Energy Strategy pursuant to section 16a-3d. On or before July 1, 2019, the department shall submit any such program requirements and tariff proposals to the authority for review and approval. On or before January 1, 2020, the authority shall approve or modify such program requirements and tariff proposals submitted by the department. If the authority approves two tariff proposals pursuant to this subparagraph, the authority shall determine how much of the total compensation authorized for customers eligible under this subparagraph pursuant to subparagraph (A) of subdivision (1) of subsection (c) of this section shall be available under each tariff.
(2) Not later than July 1, 2022, and annually thereafter, each electric distribution company shall solicit and file with the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority for its approval one or more projects selected resulting from any procurement issued pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection that are consistent with the tariffs approved by the authority pursuant to subparagraphs (B) and (C) of subdivision (1) of this subsection and that are applicable to (A) customers that own or develop new generation projects on a customer's own premises that are less than two megawatts in size, serve the distribution system of the electric distribution company, are constructed after the solicitation conducted pursuant to subdivision (4) of this subsection to which the customer is responding, and use a Class I renewable energy source that either (i) uses anaerobic digestion, or (ii) has emissions of no more than 0.07 pounds per megawatt-hour of nitrogen oxides, 0.10 pounds per megawatt-hour of carbon monoxide, 0.02 pounds per megawatt-hour of volatile organic compounds and one grain per one hundred standard cubic feet, (B) customers that own or develop new generation projects on a customer's own premises that are less than two megawatts in size, serve the distribution system of the electric distribution company, are constructed after the solicitation conducted pursuant to subdivision (4) of this subsection to which the customer is responding, and use a Class I renewable energy source that emits no pollutants, and (C) customers that own or develop new generation projects that are a shared clean energy facility, as defined in section 16-244x, and subscriptions, as defined in such section, associated with such facility, consistent with the program requirements developed pursuant to subparagraph (C) of subdivision (1) of this subsection. Any project that is eligible pursuant to subparagraph (C) of this subdivision shall not be eligible pursuant to subparagraph (A) or (B) of this subdivision.
(3) A customer that is eligible pursuant to subparagraph (A) or (B) of subdivision (2) of this subsection may elect in any such solicitation to utilize either (A) a tariff for the purchase of all energy and renewable energy certificates on a cents-per-kilowatt-hour basis, or (B) a tariff for the purchase of any energy produced by a facility and not consumed in the period of time established by the authority pursuant to subparagraph (B) of subdivision (1) of this subsection and all renewable energy certificates generated by such facility on a cents-per-kilowatt-hour basis.
(4) Each electric distribution company shall conduct an annual solicitation or solicitations, as determined by the authority, for the purchase of energy and renewable energy certificates produced by eligible generation projects under this subsection over the duration of each applicable tariff. Generation projects eligible pursuant to subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subdivision (2) of this subsection shall be sized so as not to exceed the load at the customer's individual electric meter or a set of electric meters, when such meters are combined for billing purposes, from the electric distribution company providing service to such customer, as determined by such electric distribution company, unless such customer is a state, municipal or agricultural customer, then such generation project shall be sized so as not to exceed the load at such customer's individual electric meter or a set of electric meters at the same customer premises, when such meters are combined for billing purposes, and the load of up to five state, municipal or agricultural beneficial accounts, as defined in section 16-244u, identified by such state, municipal or agricultural customer, and such state, municipal or agricultural customer may include the load of up to five additional nonstate or municipal beneficial accounts, as defined in section 16-244u, when sizing such generation project, provided such accounts are critical facilities, as defined in subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 16-243y, and are connected to a microgrid.
(5) The maximum selected purchase price of energy and renewable energy certificates on a cents-per-kilowatt-hour basis in any given solicitation shall not exceed such maximum selected purchase price for the same resources in the prior year's solicitation, unless the authority makes a determination that there are changed circumstances in any given year. For the first year solicitation issued pursuant to this subsection, the authority shall establish a cap for the selected purchase price for energy and renewable energy certificates on a cents-per-kilowatt-hour basis for any resources authorized under this subsection.
(6) The program requirements for shared clean energy facilities developed pursuant to subparagraph (C) of subdivision (1) of this subsection shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
(A) The department shall allow cost-effective projects of various nameplate capacities that may allow for the construction of multiple projects in the service area of each electric distribution company that operates within the state.
(B) The department shall determine the billing credit for any subscriber of a shared clean energy facility that may be issued through the electric distribution companies' monthly billing systems, and establish consumer protections for subscribers and potential subscribers of such a facility, including, but not limited to, disclosures to be made when selling or reselling a subscription.
(C) Such program shall utilize one or more tariff mechanisms with the electric distribution companies for a term not to exceed twenty years, subject to approval by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, to pay for the purchase of any energy products and renewable energy certificates produced by any eligible shared clean energy facility, or to deliver any billing credit of any such facility.
(D) The department shall limit subscribers to (i) low-income customers, (ii) moderate-income customers, (iii) small business customers, (iv) state or municipal customers, (v) commercial customers, and (vi) residential customers who can demonstrate, pursuant to criteria determined by the department in the program requirements recommended by the department and approved by the authority, that they are unable to utilize the tariffs offered pursuant to subsection (b) of this section.
(E) The department shall require that (i) not less than ten per cent of the total capacity of each shared clean energy facility is sold, given or provided to low-income customers, and (ii) in addition to the requirement of clause (i) of this subparagraph, not less than ten per cent of the total capacity of each shared clean energy facility is sold, given or provided to low-income customers, moderate-income customers or low-income service organizations.
(F) The department may allow preferences to projects that serve low-income customers and shared clean energy facilities that benefit customers who reside in environmental justice communities.
(G) The department may create incentives or other financing mechanisms to encourage participation by low-income customers.
(H) The department may require that not more than fifty per cent of the total capacity of each shared clean energy facility is sold to commercial customers.
(7) For purposes of this subsection:
(A) “Environmental justice community” has the same meaning as provided in subsection (a) of section 22a-20a;
(B) “Low-income customer” means an in-state retail end user of an electric distribution company (i) whose income does not exceed eighty per cent of the area median income as defined by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, adjusted for family size, or (ii) that is an affordable housing facility as defined in section 8-39a;
(C) “Low-income service organization” means a for-profit or nonprofit organization that provides service or assistance to low-income individuals;
(D) “Moderate-income customer” means an in-state retail end user of an electric distribution company whose income is between eighty per cent and one hundred per cent of the area median income as defined by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, adjusted for family size.
(b) (1) On or before July 1, 2020, the authority shall initiate a proceeding to establish (A) tariffs for each electric distribution company pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection, (B) a rate for such tariffs, which may be based upon the results of one or more competitive solicitations issued pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, or on the average cost of installing the generation project and a reasonable rate of return that is just, reasonable and adequate, as determined by the authority, and shall be guided by the Comprehensive Energy Strategy prepared pursuant to section 16a-3d, and (C) the period of time that will be used for calculating the net amount of energy produced by a facility and not consumed, provided the authority shall assess whether to incorporate time-of-use rates or other dynamic pricing and such period of time shall be either (i) in real time, (ii) in one day, (iii) in any fraction of a day not to exceed one day, or (iv) in any period of time greater than one day up to and including one month. In such proceeding, the authority shall consider the findings of the study of the value of distributed energy resources conducted pursuant to section 16a-3o. The authority shall issue a final decision in such proceeding on or before July 1, 2021. The authority may modify such rate for new customers under this subsection based on changed circumstances and may establish an interim tariff rate prior to the expiration of the residential solar investment program pursuant to subsection (b) of section 16-245ff as an alternative to such program, provided any residential customer utilizing a tariff pursuant to this subsection at such customer's electric meter shall not be eligible for any incentives offered pursuant to section 16-245ff at the same such electric meter and any residential customer utilizing any incentives offered pursuant to section 16-245ff at such customer's electric meter shall not be eligible for a tariff pursuant to this subsection at the same such electric meter.
(2) On and after January 1, 2022, each electric distribution company shall offer the following options to residential customers for the purchase of products generated from a Class I renewable energy source that is located on a customer's own premises and has a nameplate capacity rating of twenty-five kilowatts or less for a term not to exceed twenty years: (A) A tariff for the purchase of all energy and renewable energy certificates on a cents-per-kilowatt-hour basis; and (B) a tariff for the purchase of any energy produced and not consumed in the period of time established by the authority pursuant to subparagraph (C) of subdivision (1) of this subsection and all renewable energy certificates generated by such facility on a cents-per-kilowatt-hour basis. A residential customer shall select either option authorized pursuant to subparagraph (A) or (B) of this subdivision, consistent with the requirements of this section. Such generation projects shall be sized so as not to exceed the load at the customer's individual electric meter or, in the case of a multifamily dwelling that qualifies under this subsection, the load of the premises, from the electric distribution company providing service to such customer, as determined by such electric distribution company. For purposes of this section, “residential customer” means a customer of a single-family dwelling, a multifamily dwelling consisting of two to four units, or a multifamily dwelling consisting of five or more units, provided in the case of a multifamily dwelling consisting of five or more units, (i) not less than sixty per cent of the units of the multifamily dwelling are occupied by persons and families with income that is not more than sixty per cent of the area median income for the municipality in which it is located, as determined by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, or (ii) such multifamily dwelling is determined to be affordable housing by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority in consultation with the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, Department of Housing, Connecticut Green Bank, Connecticut Housing Finance Authority and United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. In the case of a multifamily dwelling consisting of five or more units, a generation project shall only qualify under this subsection if: (I) Each of the dwelling units receives an appropriate share of the benefits from the generation project, and (II) no greater than an appropriate share of the benefits from the generation project is used to offset common area usage. The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall initiate an uncontested proceeding to implement the distribution of the benefits from the generation project pursuant to this section.
(c) (1) (A) The aggregate total megawatts available to all customers utilizing a procurement and tariff offered by electric distribution companies pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall be up to eighty-five megawatts in year one and increase by up to an additional eighty-five megawatts per year in each of the years two through six of such a tariff, provided the total megawatts available to customers eligible under subparagraph (A) of subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section shall not exceed ten megawatts per year, the total megawatts available to customers eligible under subparagraph (B) of subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section shall not exceed fifty megawatts per year and the total megawatts available to customers eligible under subparagraph (C) of subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section shall not exceed twenty-five megawatts per year. The authority shall monitor the competitiveness of any procurements authorized pursuant to subsection (a) of this section and may adjust the annual purchase amount established in this subsection or other procurement parameters to maintain competitiveness. Any megawatts not allocated in any given year shall not roll into the next year's available megawatts. The obligation to purchase energy and renewable energy certificates shall be apportioned to electric distribution companies based on their respective distribution system loads, as determined by the authority.
(B) The electric distribution companies shall offer any tariffs developed pursuant to subsection (b) of this section for six years. At the end of the tariff term pursuant to subparagraph (B) of subdivision (2) of subsection (b) of this section, residential customers that elected the option pursuant to said subparagraph shall be credited all cents-per-kilowatt-hour charges pursuant to the tariff rate for such customer for energy produced by the Class I renewable energy source against any energy that is consumed in real time by such residential customer.
(C) The authority shall establish tariffs for the purchase of energy on a cents-per-kilowatt-hour basis at the expiration of any tariff terms authorized pursuant to this section.
(2) At the beginning of year six of the procurements authorized pursuant to this subsection, the department, in consultation with the authority, shall assess the tariff offerings pursuant to this section and determine if such offerings are competitive compared to the cost of the technologies. The department shall report, in accordance with section 11-4a, the results of such determination to the General Assembly.
(3) For any tariff established pursuant to this section, the authority shall examine how to incorporate the following energy system benefits into the rate established for any such tariff: (A) Energy storage systems that provide electric distribution benefits, (B) location of a facility on the distribution system, (C) time-of-use rates or other dynamic pricing, and (D) other energy policy benefits identified in the Comprehensive Energy Strategy prepared pursuant to section 16a-3d.
(d) In accordance with subsection (h) of section 16-245a, the authority shall determine which of the following two options is in the best interest of ratepayers and shall direct each electric distribution company to either (1) retire the renewable energy certificates it purchases pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of this section on behalf of all ratepayers to satisfy the obligations of all electric suppliers and electric distribution companies providing standard service or supplier of last resort service pursuant to section 16-245a, or (2) sell such renewable energy certificates into the New England Power Pool Generation information system renewable energy credit market. The authority shall establish procedures for the retirement of such renewable energy certificates. Any net revenues from the sale of products purchased in accordance with this section shall be credited to customers through a nonbypassable fully reconciling component of electric rates for all customers of the electric distribution company.
(e) The costs incurred by an electric distribution company pursuant to this section shall be recovered on a timely basis through a nonbypassable fully reconciling component of electric rates for all customers of the electric distribution company. Any net revenues from the sale of products purchased in accordance with any tariff offered pursuant to this section shall be credited to customers through the same fully reconciling rate component for all customers of such electric distribution company.
(P.A. 18-50, S. 7; P.A. 19-35, S. 3; P.A. 21-48, S. 2.)
History: P.A. 18-50 effective May 24, 2018; P.A. 19-35 amended Subsec. (a) by adding clause (iv) re period of time greater than one day up to and including one month and adding provision re authority to consider findings of the study of the value of distributed energy resources in Subdiv. (1)(B) and replacing “July 1, 2020” with “July 1, 2022” in Subdiv. (2), amended Subsec. (b) by replacing “September 1, 2019” with “July 1, 2020” adding clause (iv) re period of time greater than one day up to and including one month and adding provisions re authority to consider findings of the study of the value of distributed energy resources and issuance of final decision in Subdiv. (1), and replacing provision re expiration of residential solar investment program with “On and after January 1, 2022”, in Subdiv. (2), effective June 28, 2019; P.A. 21-48 amended Subsec. (b)(2) by adding provision re sizing of generation projects for qualifying multifamily dwelling, redefining “residential customer” and adding provision re initiation of uncontested proceeding to implement distribution of benefits from generation project pursuant to this section, effective June 16, 2021.