reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-178. - Inciting to riot: Class A misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of inciting to riot when he advocates, urges or organizes six or more persons to engage in tumultuous and violent conduct of a kind likely to cause public alarm.
(b) Inciting to riot is a class A misdemeanor.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 180; P.A. 92-260, S. 66.)
History: P.A. 92-260 amended Subsec. (a) to replace “create” with “cause”.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-179. - Criminal advocacy: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of criminal advocacy when (1) he advocates the overthrow of the existing form of government of this state or any subdivision thereof by imminent dangerous action, or (2) with knowledge of its contents, he publishes, sells or distributes any document which advocates such imminent dangerous action.
(b) Criminal advocacy is a class D felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 181.)
Cited. 197 C. 436.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-179a. - Inciting injury to persons or property: Class C felony.

(a) A person is guilty of inciting injury to persons or property when, in public or private, orally, in writing, in printing or in any other manner, he advocates, encourages, justifies, praises, incites or solicits the unlawful burning, injury to or destruction of any public or private property or advocates, encourages, justifies, praises, incites or solicits any assault upon any organization of the armed forces of the United States, as defined in section 27-103, or of this state, as defined in section 27-2, or the police force of this or any other state or upon any officer or member thereof or the organized police or fire departments of any municipality or any officer or member thereof, or the killing or injuring of any class or body of persons, or of any individual.
(b) Inciting injury to persons or property is a class C felony.
(1971, P.A. 871, S. 52; P.A. 18-72, S. 15.)
History: P.A. 18-72 made technical changes in Subsec. (a).
Cited. 234 C. 78.
Cited. 36 CA 821. Section not void for vagueness and overbreadth. 48 CA 148. Provisions codified common law distinction between solicitation an attempt and solicitation not an attempt under Sec. 53a-49(a)(1). 65 CA 145.
Subsec. (a):
Statute not unconstitutionally void for vagueness and overbreadth; requirement of intent that must be read into statute preserves it from constitutional demise under first amendment. 41 CS 525. Cited. 43 CS 46.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-179b. - Rioting at correctional institution: Class B felony.

(a) A person is guilty of rioting at a correctional institution when he incites, instigates, organizes, connives at, causes, aids, abets, assists or takes part in any disorder, disturbance, strike, riot or other organized disobedience to the rules and regulations of such institution.
(b) Rioting at a correctional institution is a class B felony.
(1971, P.A. 871, S. 53.)
Cited. 190 C. 143; 227 C. 711; Id., 751; 237 C. 454; 240 C. 97.
Statute not constitutionally vague or overbroad. 30 CA 224. Cited. 32 CA 224; 39 CA 333; 44 CA 264.
Cited. 43 CS 46.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-179c. - Inciting to riot at correctional institution: Class C felony.

(a) A person is guilty of inciting to riot at a correctional institution when he incites, instigates, organizes, connives at, causes, aids, abets or takes part in any meeting of inmates of a correctional institution, the purpose of which is to foment unrest, disorder, disturbance, strike, riot or other organized disobedience to the rules and regulations of the institution.
(b) Inciting to riot at a correctional institution is a class C felony.
(1971, P.A. 871, S. 54.)
Cited. 32 CA 224.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-180a. - Falsely reporting an incident resulting in serious physical injury or death: Class C or B felony.

(a) A person is guilty of falsely reporting an incident resulting in serious physical injury or death when such person commits the crime of (1) falsely reporting an incident in the first degree as provided in subdivision (1), (2) or (3) of subsection (a) of section 53a-180, (2) falsely reporting an incident in the second degree as provided in subdivision (1), (2) or (3) of subsection (a) of section 53a-180c, or (3) falsely reporting an incident in the first degree as provided in subdivision (4) of subsection (a) of section 53a-180 or falsely reporting an incident in the second degree as provided in subdivision (4) of subsection (a) of section 53a-180c, and such false report described in subdivision (1), (2) or (3) of this subsection results in the serious physical injury or death of another person.
(b) Falsely reporting an incident resulting in serious physical injury or death is a (1) class C felony for a violation of subdivision (1) or (2) of subsection (a) of this section, or (2) class B felony for a violation of subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of this section.
(P.A. 81-353, S. 2; P.A. 92-260, S. 67; Nov. 15 Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-2, S. 3, 9; July Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-1, S. 25.)
History: P.A. 92-260 amended Subsec. (b) to make technical changes in the name of the offense; Nov. 15 Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-2 amended Subsec. (a) to make a technical change for purposes of gender neutrality, replace reference to the crime of “falsely reporting an incident as provided in section 53a-180” with “falsely reporting an incident in the first degree as provided in section 53a-180” and add reference to the crime of “falsely reporting an incident in the second degree as provided in section 53a-180c” and amended Subsec. (b) to increase the penalty from a class D to a class C felony, effective January 1, 2002; July Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-1 amended Subsec. (a) by designating existing provision re falsely reporting an incident in the first degree as Subdiv. (1) and adding reference to Subsec. (a)(1), (a)(2) or (a)(3) of Sec. 53a-180, designating existing provision re falsely reporting an incident in the second degree as Subdiv. (2) and adding references to Subsec. (a)(1), (a)(2) or (a)(3) of Sec. 53a-180c, adding Subdiv. (3) re falsely reporting an incident in the first degree as provided in Sec. 53a-180(a)(4) or in the second degree as provided in Sec. 53a-180c(a)(4) and adding reference to Subdiv. (1), (2) or (3) and amended Subsec. (b) by designating existing provision re class C felony as Subdiv. (1), adding reference to violation of Subsec. (a)(1) or (a)(2) and adding Subdiv. (2) re class B felony for violation of Subsec. (a)(3).
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-180b. - Falsely reporting an incident concerning serious physical injury or death: Class D or C felony.

(a) A person is guilty of falsely reporting an incident concerning serious physical injury or death when such person commits the crime of falsely reporting an incident in the second degree as provided in (1) subdivision (1), (2) or (3) of subsection (a) of section 53a-180c, or (2) subdivision (4) of subsection (a) of section 53a-180c, and such false report described in subdivision (1) or (2) of this subsection is of the alleged occurrence or impending occurrence of the serious physical injury or death of another person.
(b) Falsely reporting an incident concerning serious physical injury or death is a (1) class D felony for a violation of subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of this section, or (2) class C felony for a violation of subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section.
(P.A. 97-147, S. 2; Nov. 15 Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-2, S. 4, 9; July Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-1, S. 26.)
History: Nov. 15 Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-2 amended Subsec. (a) to replace “the crime of falsely reporting an incident as provided in section 53a-180” with “the crime of falsely reporting an incident in the second degree as provided in section 53a-180c” and make a technical change for purposes of gender neutrality, effective January 1, 2002; July Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-1 amended Subsec. (a) by designating existing provision re falsely reporting an incident in the second degree as Subdiv. (1), adding reference to Subsec. (a)(1), (a)(2) or (a)(3) of Sec. 53a-180c, adding Subdiv. (2) re violation of Sec. 53a-180c(a)(4) and making a conforming change and amended Subsec. (b) by designating existing provision re class D felony as Subdiv. (1), adding reference to violation of Subsec. (a)(1) and adding Subdiv. (2) re class C felony for violation of Subsec. (a)(2).
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-180c. - Falsely reporting an incident in the second degree: Class A misdemeanor or Class E felony.

(a) A person is guilty of falsely reporting an incident in the second degree when, knowing the information reported, conveyed or circulated to be false or baseless, such person gratuitously reports to a law enforcement officer or agency (1) the alleged occurrence of an offense or incident which did not in fact occur, (2) an allegedly impending occurrence of an offense or incident which in fact is not about to occur, (3) false information relating to an actual offense or incident or to the alleged implication of some person therein, or (4) violates subdivision (1), (2) or (3) of this subsection with specific intent to falsely report another person or group of persons because of the actual or perceived race, religion, ethnicity, disability, sex, sexual orientation or gender identity or expression of such other person or group of persons.
(b) Falsely reporting an incident in the second degree is a (1) class A misdemeanor for a violation of subdivision (1), (2) or (3) of subsection (a) of this section, or (2) class E felony for a violation of subdivision (4) of subsection (a) of this section.
(Nov. 15 Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-2, S. 2, 9; July Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-1, S. 27.)
History: Nov. 15 Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-2 effective January 1, 2002; July Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-1 amended Subsec. (a) by adding Subdiv. (4) re a violation of Subdiv. (1), (2) or (3) and amended Subsec. (b) by designating existing provision re class A misdemeanor as Subdiv. (1), adding reference to violation of Subsec. (a)(1), (a)(2) or (a)(3) and adding Subdiv. (2) re class E felony for violation of Subsec. (a)(4).
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-180d. - Misuse of the emergency 9-1-1 system: Class B or A misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of misuse of the emergency 9-1-1 system when such person (1) dials or otherwise causes E 9-1-1 to be called for the purpose of making a false alarm or complaint, (2) purposely reports false information which could result in the dispatch of emergency services, or (3) violates subdivision (1) or (2) of this subsection with specific intent to make a false alarm or complaint or report false information about another person or group of persons because of the actual or perceived race, religion, ethnicity, disability, sex, sexual orientation or gender identity or expression of such other person or group of persons.
(b) Misuse of the emergency 9-1-1 system is a (1) class B misdemeanor for a violation of subdivision (1) or (2) of subsection (a) of this section, or (2) class A misdemeanor for a violation of subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of this section.
(P.A. 07-106, S. 6; July Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-1, S. 28.)
History: July Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-1 amended Subsec. (a) by adding Subdiv. (3) re violation of Subdiv. (1) or (2) and amended Subsec. (b) by designating existing provision re class B misdemeanor as Subdiv. (1), adding reference to violation of Subsec. (a)(1) or (a)(2) and adding Subdiv. (2) re class A misdemeanor for violation of Subsec. (a)(3).
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-180aa. - Breach of the peace in the first degree: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of breach of the peace in the first degree when, with intent to cause inconvenience, annoyance or alarm, or recklessly creating a risk thereof, such person places a nonfunctional imitation of an explosive or incendiary device or an imitation of a hazardous substance in a public place or in a place or manner likely to be discovered by another person.
(b) For the purposes of this section: (1) “Hazardous substance” means any physical, chemical, biological or radiological substance or matter which, because of its quantity, concentration or physical, chemical or infectious characteristics, may cause or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible or incapacitating reversible illness, or pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health, and (2) “public place” means any area that is used or held out for use by the public whether owned or operated by public or private interests.
(c) Breach of the peace in the first degree is a class D felony.
(Nov. 15 Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-2, S. 5, 9.)
History: Nov. 15 Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-2 effective January 1, 2002.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-181a. - Creating a public disturbance: Infraction.

(a) A person is guilty of creating a public disturbance when, with intent to cause inconvenience, annoyance or alarm, or recklessly creating a risk thereof, he (1) engages in fighting or in violent, tumultuous or threatening behavior; or (2) annoys or interferes with another person by offensive conduct; or (3) makes unreasonable noise.
(b) Creating a public disturbance is an infraction.
(P.A. 83-276, S. 2; P.A. 92-260, S. 69.)
History: P.A. 92-260 amended Subsec. (b) to make a technical change.
Cited. 228 C. 795; 243 C. 115.
No right to jury trial. 9 CA 255. Cited. 12 CA 258; 24 CA 195; Id., 541; 28 CA 344; 32 CA 656; judgment reversed in part, see 232 C. 345. Classification by legislature of infractions as noncriminal acts payable by fine operates as a presumption that infractions do not constitute criminal offenses for purposes of double jeopardy analysis, albeit one that is rebuttable by clear proof to the contrary; protections afforded by federal double jeopardy clause were not implicated by trial court's erroneous sua sponte dismissal of charge against defendant when trial court plainly did not evaluate the state's evidence and failed to make a determination that the evidence was legally insufficient to sustain a conviction. 134 CA 346.
Subsec. (a):
Cited. 237 C. 613.
“Offensive conduct” defined; legislative intent to proscribe conduct which actually involves physical violence or portends imminent physical violence. 12 CA 481. Cited. 36 CA 625; judgment reversed, see 237 C. 613. Language in Subdivs. (1) and (2) is similar to that of disorderly conduct statute in Sec. 53a-182, and therefore, based on prior court interpretations of Sec. 53a-182, is not facially vague. 134 CA 175.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-181b. - Intimidation based on bigotry or bias: Class D felony.

Section 53a-181b is repealed, effective October 1, 2000.
(P.A. 90-137, S. 1, 3; P.A. 00-72, S. 11.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-181c. - Stalking in the first degree: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of stalking in the first degree when such person commits stalking in the second degree as provided in section 53a-181d, and (1) such person has previously been convicted of a violation of section 53a-181d, (2) such conduct violates a court order in effect at the time of the offense, (3) such person is twenty-two years of age or older and the other person is under sixteen years of age, or (4) such person intentionally directs such conduct at the other person, in whole or in part, because of the actual or perceived race, religion, ethnicity, disability, sex, sexual orientation or gender identity or expression of such other person.
(b) Stalking in the first degree is a class D felony.
(P.A. 92-237, S. 1; P.A. 12-114, S. 11; P.A. 21-56, S. 1.)
History: P.A. 12-114 amended Subsec. (a) to delete “this section or” re previous conviction in Subdiv. (1) and make technical changes; P.A. 21-56 amended Subsec. (a) to make technical changes, add language re person 22 years of age or older in Subdiv. (3) and add Subdiv. (4) re conduct due to perceived race, religion, ethnicity, disability, sex, sexual orientation or gender identity or expression of such other person; P.A. 21-56 amended Subsec. (a) to make technical changes, add language re person 22 years of age or older in Subdiv. (3) and add Subdiv. (4) re conduct due to perceived race, religion, ethnicity, disability, sex, sexual orientation or gender identity or expression of such other person.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-181e. - Stalking in the third degree: Class B misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of stalking in the third degree when such person recklessly causes another person to reasonably (1) fear for his or her physical safety, or (2) suffer emotional distress, as defined in section 53a-181d, by wilfully and repeatedly following or lying in wait for such other person.
(b) Stalking in the third degree is a class B misdemeanor.
(P.A. 95-214, S. 1; P.A. 17-31, S. 2.)
History: P.A. 17-31 amended Subsec. (a) by designating existing provision re fear for physical safety as Subdiv. (1), adding Subdiv. (2) re emotional distress and making technical changes.
See chapter 968a re address confidentiality program.
See Sec. 54-1k re issuance of protective order in stalking cases.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-181f. - Electronic stalking: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of electronic stalking when such person, with the intent to kill, injure, harass or intimidate, uses any interactive computer service or electronic communication service, electronic communication system or electronic monitoring system to place another person under surveillance or otherwise to engage in a course of conduct that: (1) Places such other person in reasonable fear of the death of or serious bodily injury to (A) such person, (B) an immediate family member of such person, or (C) an intimate partner of such person; or (2) causes, attempts to cause or would be reasonably expected to cause substantial emotional distress to a person described in subparagraph (A), (B) or (C) of subdivision (1) of this subsection.
(b) For purposes of subsection (a) of this section, (1) “immediate family member” means (A) a spouse, parent, brother or sister or a child of the person or person to whom the person stands in loco parentis, or (B) any person living in the household and related to the person by blood or marriage, and (2) “intimate partner” means a (A) former spouse, (B) person who has a child in common with the person regardless of whether they are or have been married or are living or have lived together at any time, or (C) person in, or who has recently been in, a dating relationship with the person.
(c) Electronic stalking is a class D felony.
(P.A. 15-175, S. 1; P.A. 21-102, S. 8.)
History: P.A. 21-102 substantially modified Subsec. (a) by changing elements of offense and replacing “recklessly” with “with the intent” as the mens rea for the offense, added new Subsec. (b) re definitions and redesignated existing Subsec. (b) re penalty as Subsec. (c) and increased penalty in same from a class B misdemeanor to a class D felony.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-181i. - Intimidation based on bigotry or bias: Definitions.

For the purposes of sections 53a-181j to 53a-181l, inclusive:
(1) “Disability” means physical disability, mental disability or intellectual disability;
(2) “Gender identity or expression” means a person's gender-related identity, appearance or behavior, whether or not that gender-related identity, appearance or behavior is different from that traditionally associated with the person's assigned sex at birth;
(3) “Mental disability” means one or more mental disorders, as defined in the most recent edition of the American Psychiatric Association's “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders”;
(4) “Intellectual disability” has the same meaning as provided in section 1-1g; and
(5) “Physical disability” means any chronic physical handicap, infirmity or impairment, whether congenital or resulting from bodily injury, organic processes or changes or from illness, including, but not limited to, blindness, epilepsy, deafness or being hard of hearing or reliance on a wheelchair or other remedial appliance or device.
(P.A. 04-135, S. 1; P.A. 11-129, S. 20; P.A. 17-202, S. 101.)
History: Pursuant to P.A. 11-129, “mental retardation” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “intellectual disability”; P.A. 17-202 amended Subdiv. (5) by replacing “hearing impairment” with “being hard of hearing” in definition of “physical disability”.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-181j. - Intimidation based on bigotry or bias in the first degree: Class C felony.

(a) A person is guilty of intimidation based on bigotry or bias in the first degree when such person maliciously, and with specific intent to intimidate or harass another person motivated in whole or in substantial part by the actual or perceived race, religion, ethnicity, disability, sex, sexual orientation or gender identity or expression of such other person, causes physical injury to such other person or to a third person.
(b) Intimidation based on bigotry or bias in the first degree is a class C felony, for which three thousand dollars of the fine imposed may not be remitted or reduced by the court unless the court states on the record its reasons for remitting or reducing such fine.
(P.A. 00-72, S. 1; P.A. 04-135, S. 2; P.A. 17-111, S. 5; P.A. 21-78, S. 17.)
History: P.A. 04-135 amended Subsec. (a) to add “disability” and “gender identity or expression” as bases; P.A. 17-111 amended Subsec. (a) to add “sex” and to replace “serious physical injury” with “physical injury” and amended Subsec. (b) to add provision re minimum fine and remitting or reducing fine; P.A. 21-78 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “because of” with “motivated in whole or in substantial part by”.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-181k. - Intimidation based on bigotry or bias in the second degree: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of intimidation based on bigotry or bias in the second degree when such person maliciously, and with specific intent to intimidate or harass another person or group of persons motivated in whole or in substantial part by the actual or perceived race, religion, ethnicity, disability, sex, sexual orientation or gender identity or expression of such other person or group of persons, does any of the following: (1) Causes physical contact with such other person or group of persons, (2) damages, destroys or defaces any real or personal property of such other person or group of persons, or (3) threatens, by word or act, to do an act described in subdivision (1) or (2) of this subsection, if there is reasonable cause to believe that an act described in subdivision (1) or (2) of this subsection will occur.
(b) Intimidation based on bigotry or bias in the second degree is a class D felony, for which one thousand dollars of the fine imposed may not be remitted or reduced by the court unless the court states on the record its reasons for remitting or reducing such fine.
(P.A. 00-72, S. 2; P.A. 04-135, S. 3; P.A. 17-111, S. 6; P.A. 21-78, S. 18.)
History: P.A. 04-135 amended Subsec. (a) to add “disability” and “gender identity or expression” as bases; P.A. 17-111 amended Subsec. (a) to add “sex”, and add references to group of persons, and amended Subsec. (b) to add provision re minimum fine and remitting or reducing fine; P.A. 21-78 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “because of” with “motivated in whole or in substantial part by”.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-181l. - Intimidation based on bigotry or bias in the third degree: Class E felony.

(a) A person is guilty of intimidation based on bigotry or bias in the third degree when such person, with specific intent to intimidate or harass another person or group of persons motivated in whole or in substantial part by the actual or perceived race, religion, ethnicity, disability, sex, sexual orientation or gender identity or expression of such other person or persons: (1) Damages, destroys or defaces any real or personal property, or (2) threatens, by word or act, to do an act described in subdivision (1) of this subsection or advocates or urges another person to do an act described in subdivision (1) of this subsection, if there is reasonable cause to believe that an act described in said subdivision will occur.
(b) Intimidation based on bigotry or bias in the third degree is a class E felony, for which one thousand dollars of the fine imposed may not be remitted or reduced by the court unless the court states on the record its reasons for remitting or reducing such fine.
(P.A. 00-72, S. 3; P.A. 04-135, S. 4; P.A. 17-111, S. 7; P.A. 21-78, S. 19.)
History: P.A. 04-135 amended Subsec. (a) to add “disability” and “gender identity or expression” as bases; P.A. 17-111 amended Subsec. (a) to add “sex”, and amended Subsec. (b) to change offense from a class A misdemeanor to a class E felony and to add provision re minimum fine and remitting or reducing such fine; P.A. 21-78 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “because of” with “motivated in whole or in substantial part by”.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-182a. - Obstructing free passage: Class C misdemeanor.

(a) Unless a person is engaging in any activity which is expressive of rights guaranteed under the Constitution of the United States or the Constitution of this state, a person is guilty of obstructing free passage when, after being warned by a law enforcement officer not to do so, he (1) stands, sits or lies in or upon any public street, curb, crosswalk, walkway area, mall or the portion of private property utilized for public use, so as to obstruct unreasonably the free passage of pedestrians thereon, or (2) obstructs unreasonably or prevents free access to the entrance to any building open to the public.
(b) Obstructing free passage is a class C misdemeanor.
(P.A. 83-221; P.A. 92-260, S. 70.)
History: P.A. 92-260 amended Subsec. (a) to make technical changes.
Cited. 28 CA 344.
Cited. 43 CS 46.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-182b. - Harassment in the first degree: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of harassment in the first degree when, with the intent to harass, annoy, alarm or terrorize another person, he threatens to kill or physically injure that person or any other person, and communicates such threat by telephone, or by telegraph, mail, computer network, as defined in section 53a-250, or any other form of written communication, in a manner likely to cause annoyance or alarm and has been convicted of a capital felony under the provisions of section 53a-54b in effect prior to April 25, 2012, a class A felony, a class B felony, except a conviction under section 53a-86 or 53a-122, a class C felony, except a conviction under section 53a-87, 53a-152 or 53a-153, or a class D felony under sections 53a-60 to 53a-60c, inclusive, 53a-72a, 53a-72b, 53a-95, 53a-103, 53a-103a, 53a-114, 53a-136 or 53a-216. For the purposes of this section, “convicted” means having a judgment of conviction entered by a court of competent jurisdiction.
(b) For the purposes of this section, such offense may be deemed to have been committed either at the place where the communication originated or at the place where it was received.
(c) The court may order any person convicted under this section to be examined by one or more psychiatrists.
(d) Harassment in the first degree is a class D felony.
(P.A. 90-282, S. 1; P.A. 95-143, S. 1; P.A. 12-5, S. 22; P.A. 14-233, S. 4; 14-234, S. 2.)
History: P.A. 95-143 amended Subsec. (a) to include communication of the threat by computer network; P.A. 12-5 amended Subsec. (a) to add reference to provisions of Sec. 53a-54b in effect prior to April 25, 2012, re conviction of a capital felony, effective April 25, 2012; P.A. 14-233 amended Subsec. (b) to replace “telephone call was made or” with “communication originated or at the place” and make a technical change; P.A. 14-234 made identical changes as P.A. 14-233.
Cited. 45 CA 408.
Cited. 43 CS 46.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-183. - Harassment in the second degree: Class C misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of harassment in the second degree when with intent to harass, terrorize or alarm another person, and for no legitimate purpose, such person: (1) Communicates with a person by telegraph or mail, electronically transmitting a facsimile through connection with a telephone network, electronic mail or text message or any other electronically sent message, whether by digital media account, messaging program or application, or otherwise by computer, computer service or computer network, as defined in section 53a-250, or any other form of communication, in a manner likely to cause terror, intimidation or alarm; (2) makes a telephone call or engages in any other form of communication, whether or not a conversation ensues, in a manner likely to cause terror, intimidation or alarm; or (3) communicates or shares a photograph, video or words or engages in any other form of communication to a digital, electronic, online or other meeting space, in a manner likely to cause terror, intimidation or alarm.
(b) For the purposes of this section, such offense may be deemed to have been committed either at the place where the communication originated or at the place where it was received.
(c) The court may order any person convicted under this section to be examined by one or more psychiatrists.
(d) Harassment in the second degree is a class C misdemeanor.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 185; 1971, P.A. 871, S. 44; P.A. 89-103, S. 2; P.A. 90-282, S. 2; P.A. 95-143, S. 2; P.A. 12-114, S. 13; P.A. 21-56, S. 5.)
History: 1971 act substituted “telegraph” for “telephone” in Subsec. (a)(2); P.A. 89-103 amended Subsec. (a)(2) to include communicating by electronically transmitting a facsimile through connection with a telephone network; P.A. 90-282 changed name of offense to harassment in the second degree; P.A. 95-143 amended Subsec. (a)(2) to include communication by computer network; P.A. 12-114 amended Subsec. (b) to substitute “where the communication originated” for “where the telephone call was made” and make technical changes; P.A. 21-56 amended Subsec. (a) by substantially revising existing elements of offense and adding Subdiv. (3) re communicating or sharing a photograph, video or words to a digital, electronic, online or other meeting space.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-183a. - Obstructing or interfering with the lawful taking of wildlife: Class C misdemeanor.

(a) No person shall obstruct or interfere with the lawful taking of wildlife by another person at the location where the activity is taking place with intent to prevent such taking.
(b) A person violates this section when he intentionally or knowingly: (1) Drives or disturbs wildlife for the purpose of disrupting the lawful taking of wildlife where another person is engaged in the process of lawfully taking wildlife; (2) blocks, impedes or otherwise harasses another person who is engaged in the process of lawfully taking wildlife; (3) uses natural or artificial visual, aural, olfactory or physical stimuli to affect wildlife behavior in order to hinder or prevent the lawful taking of wildlife; (4) erects barriers with the intent to deny ingress or egress to areas where the lawful taking of wildlife may occur; (5) interjects himself into the line of fire; (6) affects the condition or placement of personal or public property intended for use in the lawful taking of wildlife in order to impair its usefulness or prevent its use; or (7) enters or remains upon private lands without the permission of the owner or his agent, with intent to violate this section.
(c) For the purposes of this section, “taking” and “wildlife” shall be defined as in section 26-1.
(d) Any person who violates any provision of this section shall be guilty of a class C misdemeanor.
(P.A. 85-351; P.A. 90-322.)
History: P.A. 90-322 amended Subsec. (a) to revise the elements of the offense by replacing “harass” with “obstruct”, adding provision that the obstruction or interference occur “at the location where the activity is taking place” and deleting as an element interference or harassment of another person engaged in “acts in preparation” for the lawful taking of wildlife, inserted new Subsec. (b) to enumerate specific intentional or knowing acts that constitute a violation, and Subsec. (c) to define “taking” and “wildlife” and relettered former Subsec. (b) as Subsec. (d).
Cited. 226 C. 265. Section does not violate first amendment to U.S. Constitution; it is narrowly drawn to serve significant state interests in public safety, raising revenue, wildlife management and protection of citizens' rights to hunt, and leaves open ample alternative means of communication. 260 C. 275.
Cited. 43 CS 46.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-183b. - Interfering with an emergency call: Class A misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of interfering with an emergency call when such person, with the intent of preventing another person from making or completing a 9-1-1 telephone call or a telephone call or radio communication to any law enforcement agency to request police protection or report the commission of a crime, physically or verbally prevents or hinders such other person from making or completing such telephone call or radio communication.
(b) Interfering with an emergency call is a class A misdemeanor.
(P.A. 03-43, S. 1.)
See Sec. 53-210 re refusal to relinquish party line when needed for emergency call.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-183c. - Disruption of a funeral: Class A misdemeanor.

(a) For the purposes of this section:
(1) “Funeral” means any ceremony or memorial service held in connection with the burial or cremation of an individual; and
(2) “Boundary of the location”, with respect to a funeral, means (A) in the case of a funeral that is held at a cemetery, the property line of the cemetery; (B) in the case of a funeral that is held at a mortuary, the property line of the mortuary; (C) in the case of a funeral that is held at a house of worship, the property line of the house of worship; and (D) in the case of a funeral that is held at any other type of location, the reasonable property line of that location.
(b) With respect to any funeral, no individual may engage in an activity during the period beginning sixty minutes before and ending sixty minutes after such funeral, any part of which activity:
(1) (A) Takes place within the boundaries of the location of such funeral or takes place within one hundred fifty feet of the point of the intersection between (i) the boundary of the location of such funeral; and (ii) a road, pathway, or other route of ingress to or egress from the location of such funeral; and (B) includes the individual wilfully making or assisting in the making of any noise or diversion that is not part of such funeral and that disturbs or tends to disturb the peace or good order of such funeral with the intent of disturbing the peace or good order of that funeral; or
(2) (A) Is within three hundred feet of the boundary of the location of such funeral; and (B) includes the individual wilfully and without proper authorization impeding the ingress to or egress from such location with the intent to impede the ingress to or egress from such location.
(c) Any individual who violates any provision of this section shall be guilty of a class A misdemeanor.
(P.A. 07-98, S. 1; 07-187, S. 5.)
History: P.A. 07-187 changed effective date of P.A. 07-98, S. 1 from October 1, 2007, to June 6, 2007, effective June 6, 2007.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-184 and 53a-184a. - Intoxication by drug; definition, commitment, treatment, penalty. Intoxication by alcohol or drug; definition, commitment, dismissal of criminal proceedings, unclassified misdemeanor.

Sections 53a-184 and 53a-184a are repealed.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 186; 1971, P.A. 871, S. 45; P.A. 74-280, S. 22, 25; P.A. 75-479, S. 11, 12, 25; P.A. 76-300, S. 2, 3, 4; P.A. 86-371, S. 34, 45; P.A. 89-390, S. 36, 37.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-185. - Loitering on school grounds: Class C misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of loitering on school grounds when he loiters or remains in or about a school building or grounds, not having any reason or relationship involving custody of or responsibility for a pupil or any other license or privilege to be there.
(b) Loitering on school grounds is a class C misdemeanor.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 187; P.A. 92-260, S. 71.)
History: P.A. 92-260 amended Subsec. (b) to make a technical change in the name of the offense.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-186. - Public indecency: Class B misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of public indecency when he performs any of the following acts in a public place: (1) An act of sexual intercourse as defined in subdivision (2) of section 53a-65; or (2) a lewd exposure of the body with intent to arouse or to satisfy the sexual desire of the person; or (3) a lewd fondling or caress of the body of another person. For the purposes of this section, “public place” means any place where the conduct may reasonably be expected to be viewed by others.
(b) Public indecency is a class B misdemeanor.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 188; 1971, P.A. 871, S. 46; P.A. 76-336, S. 22; P.A. 92-260, S. 72.)
History: 1971 act substituted “A person” for “Any person” for consistency with other statutes; P.A. 76-336 specified sexual intercourse as defined in Sec. 53a-65 and deleted reference to acts of deviate sexual conduct in Subsec. (a) for conformity with changes enacted re sex offenses; P.A. 92-260 made technical changes in Subsec. (a) by repositioning and rephrasing language.
Cited. 18 CA 482; 29 CA 591; 37 CA 534.
Cited. 38 CS 313; Id., 661.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-187. - Definitions. Applicability.

(a) The following definitions are applicable to sections 53a-188 and 53a-189: (1) “Wiretapping” means the intentional overhearing or recording of a telephonic or telegraphic communication or a communication made by cellular radio telephone by a person other than a sender or receiver thereof, without the consent of either the sender or receiver, by means of any instrument, device or equipment. The normal operation of a telephone or telegraph corporation and the normal use of the services and facilities furnished by such corporation pursuant to its tariffs shall not be deemed “wiretapping”. (2) “Mechanical overhearing of a conversation” means the intentional overhearing or recording of a conversation or discussion, without the consent of at least one party thereto, by a person not present thereat, by means of any instrument, device or equipment. (3) “Unlawfully” means not specifically authorized by law. For purposes of this section, “cellular radio telephone” means a wireless telephone authorized by the Federal Communications Commission to operate in the frequency bandwidth reserved for cellular radio telephones.
(b) This section and sections 53a-188 and 53a-189 shall not apply to wiretapping by criminal law enforcement officials in the lawful performance of their duties and do not affect the admissibility of evidence in any proceedings other than a prosecution for eavesdropping or tampering with private communications.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 189; P.A. 86-403, S. 90, 132; P.A. 89-103, S. 3.)
History: P.A. 86-403 made technical change in Subsec. (b); P.A. 89-103 amended Subsec. (a) to add reference to communications made by cellular radio telephone in the definition of wiretapping and to define “cellular radio telephone”.
Cited. 171 C. 524; 212 C. 195; 224 C. 593; 238 C. 692.
Cited. 15 CA 529.
Cordless telephone conversations are protected telephonic communications. 45 CS 497.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-188. - Tampering with private communications: Class A misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of tampering with private communications when: (1) Knowing that he does not have the consent of the sender or receiver, he obtains from an employee, officer or representative of a telephone or telegraph corporation, by connivance, deception, intimidation or in any other manner, information with respect to the contents or nature of a telephonic or telegraphic communication; or (2) knowing that he does not have the consent of the sender or receiver, and being an employee, officer or representative of a telephone or telegraph corporation, he knowingly divulges to another person the contents or nature of a telephonic or telegraphic communication.
(b) Tampering with private communications is a class A misdemeanor.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 190.)
Cited. 171 C. 524; 212 C. 195; 238 C. 692.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-189. - Eavesdropping: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of eavesdropping when he unlawfully engages in wiretapping or mechanical overhearing of a conversation.
(b) Eavesdropping is a class D felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 191.)
See Sec. 52-570d re prohibition on recording private telephonic communications and civil remedies for violation thereof.
Cited. 171 C. 524; 197 C. 326; 212 C. 195; 216 C. 541; 224 C. 593; 238 C. 692.
Cited. 8 CA 673; 15 CA 529.
Cordless telephone conversations are protected telephonic communications. 45 CS 497.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-189b. - Disseminating voyeuristic material: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of disseminating voyeuristic material when such person disseminates a photograph, film, videotape or other recorded image of another person without the consent of such other person and knowing that such photograph, film, videotape or image was taken, made or recorded in violation of section 53a-189a.
(b) Disseminating voyeuristic material is a class D felony.
(P.A. 99-143, S. 2.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-189c. - Unlawful dissemination of an intimate image: Class A misdemeanor or class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of unlawful dissemination of an intimate image when (1) such person intentionally disseminates by electronic or other means a photograph, film, videotape or other recorded image of (A) the genitals, pubic area or buttocks of another person with less than a fully opaque covering of such body part, or the breast of such other person who is female with less than a fully opaque covering of any portion of such breast below the top of the nipple, or (B) another person engaged in sexual intercourse, as defined in section 53a-193, (2) such person disseminates such image without the consent of such other person, knowing that such other person understood that the image would not be so disseminated, and (3) such other person suffers harm as a result of such dissemination. For purposes of this subsection, “disseminate” means to sell, give, provide, lend, trade, mail, deliver, transfer, publish, distribute, circulate, present, exhibit, advertise or otherwise offer, and “harm” includes, but is not limited to, subjecting such other person to hatred, contempt, ridicule, physical injury, financial injury, psychological harm or serious emotional distress.
(b) The provisions of subsection (a) of this subsection shall not apply to:
(1) Any image described in subsection (a) of this section of such other person if such image resulted from voluntary exposure or engagement in sexual intercourse by such other person, in a public place, as defined in section 53a-181, or in a commercial setting;
(2) Any image described in subsection (a) of this section of such other person, if such other person is not clearly identifiable, unless other personally identifying information is associated with or accompanies the image; or
(3) Any image described in subsection (a) of this section of such other person, if the dissemination of such image serves the public interest.
(c) Unlawful dissemination of an intimate image to (1) a person by any means is a class A misdemeanor, and (2) more than one person by means of an interactive computer service, as defined in 47 USC 230, an information service, as defined in 47 USC 153, or a telecommunications service, as defined in section 16-247a, is a class D felony.
(d) Nothing in this section shall be construed to impose liability on the provider of an interactive computer service, as defined in 47 USC 230, an information service, as defined in 47 USC 153, or a telecommunications service, as defined in section 16-247a, for content provided by another person.
(P.A. 15-213, S. 8; P.A. 21-102, S. 9.)
History: P.A. 21-102 amended Subsec. (a) by defining “harm”, Subsec. (b)(2) by adding language re other personally identifying information associated with or accompanying image, and Subsec. (c) by designating existing penalty as Subdiv. (1) and adding Subdiv. (2) re a class D felony.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-190. - Bigamy: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of bigamy when he marries or purports to marry another person in this state if either is lawfully married; or so marries or purports to marry another person in any other state or country in violation of the laws thereof, and knowingly cohabits and lives with such other person in this state as husband and wife.
(b) It shall be an affirmative defense to the charge of bigamy that at the time of the subsequent marriage or purported marriage: (1) The actor reasonably believed, based on persuasive and reliable information, that the prior spouse was dead; or (2) a court had entered a judgment purporting to terminate or annul any prior disqualifying marriage and the actor did not know that such judgment was invalid; or (3) the single person did not know that the other person was legally married.
(c) Bigamy is a class D felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 192; 1971, P.A. 871, S. 47; P.A. 92-260, S. 73.)
History: 1971 act substituted “A person” for “Any person” for conformity with other statutes; P.A. 92-260 made technical changes.