2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 3 - OFFENSES AGAINST THE PERSON (§§ 18-3-101 — 18-3-602) › Part 4 - UNLAWFUL SEXUAL BEHAVIOR (§§ 18-3-401 — 18-3-418) › Section 18-3-402 - Sexual assault

(1)
Any actor who knowingly inflicts sexual intrusion or sexual penetration on a victim commits sexual assault if:
(a)
The actor causes sexual intrusion or sexual penetration knowing the victim does not consent; or
(b)
The actor knows that the victim is incapable of appraising the nature of the victim's conduct; or
(c)
The actor knows that the victim submits erroneously, believing the actor to be the victim's spouse; or
(d)
At the time of the commission of the act, the victim is less than fifteen years of age and the actor is at least four years older than the victim and is not the spouse of the victim; or
(e)
At the time of the commission of the act, the victim is at least fifteen years of age but less than seventeen years of age and the actor is at least ten years older than the victim and is not the spouse of the victim; or
(f)
The victim is in custody of law or detained in a hospital or other institution and the actor has supervisory or disciplinary authority over the victim and uses this position of authority to coerce the victim to submit, unless the act is incident to a lawful search; or
(g)
The actor, while purporting to offer a medical service, engages in treatment or examination of a victim for other than a bona fide medical purpose or in a manner substantially inconsistent with reasonable medical practices; or
(h)
The victim is physically helpless and the actor knows the victim is physically helpless and the victim has not consented.
(2)
Sexual assault is a class 4 felony, except as provided in subsections (3), (3.5), (4), and (5) of this section.
(3)
If committed under the circumstances of subsection (1)(e) of this section, sexual assault is a class 6 felony. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person convicted of subsection (1)(e) of this section is eligible to petition for removal from the registry in accordance with section
16-22-113 (1)(b)
.
(3.5)
Sexual assault is a class 3 felony if committed under the circumstances described in paragraph (h) of subsection (1) of this section.
(4)
Sexual assault is a class 3 felony if it is attended by any one or more of the following circumstances:
(a)
The actor causes submission of the victim through the actual application of physical force or physical violence; or
(b)
The actor causes submission of the victim by threat of imminent death, serious bodily injury, extreme pain, or kidnapping, to be inflicted on anyone, and the victim believes that the actor has the present ability to execute these threats; or
(c)
The actor causes submission of the victim by threatening to retaliate in the future against the victim, or any other person, and the victim reasonably believes that the actor will execute this threat. As used in this paragraph (c), "to retaliate" includes threats of kidnapping, death, serious bodily injury, or extreme pain.
(d)
The actor has substantially impaired the victim's power to appraise or control the victim's conduct by employing, without the victim's consent, any drug, intoxicant, or other means for the purpose of causing submission.
(e)
(Deleted by amendment, L. 2002, p. 1578, § 2, effective July 1, 2002.)
(5)
(a)
Sexual assault is a class 2 felony if any one or more of the following circumstances exist:
(I)
In the commission of the sexual assault, the actor is physically aided or abetted by one or more other persons; or
(II)
The victim suffers serious bodily injury; or
(III)
The actor is armed with a deadly weapon or an article used or fashioned in a manner to cause a person to reasonably believe that the article is a deadly weapon or represents verbally or otherwise that the actor is armed with a deadly weapon and uses the deadly weapon, article, or representation to cause submission of the victim.
(b)
(I)
If a defendant is convicted of sexual assault pursuant to this subsection (5), the court shall sentence the defendant in accordance with section
18-1.3-401 (8)(e)
. A person convicted solely of sexual assault pursuant to this subsection (5) shall not be sentenced under the crime of violence provisions of section
18-1.3-406 (2)
. Any sentence for a conviction under this subsection (5) shall be consecutive to any sentence for a conviction for a crime of violence under section
18-1.3-406
.
(II)
The provisions of this paragraph (b) shall apply to offenses committed prior to November 1, 1998.
(6)
Any person convicted of felony sexual assault committed on or after November 1, 1998, under any of the circumstances described in this section shall be sentenced in accordance with the provisions of part 10 of article
1.3
of this title.
(7)
A person who is convicted on or after July 1, 2013, of a sexual assault under this section, upon conviction, shall be advised by the court that the person has no right:
(a)
To notification of the termination of parental rights and no standing to object to the termination of parental rights for a child conceived as a result of the commission of that offense;
(b)
To allocation of parental responsibilities, including parenting time and decision-making responsibilities for a child conceived as a result of the commission of that offense;
(c)
Of inheritance from a child conceived as a result of the commission of that offense; and
(d)
To notification of or the right to object to the adoption of a child conceived as a result of the commission of that offense.
Amended by 2022 Ch. 41, § 1, eff. 7/1/2022.
Amended by 2021 Ch. 462, § 197, eff. 3/1/2022.
Amended by 2013 Ch. 353, § 6, eff. 7/1/2013.
L. 75: Entire part R&RE, p. 628, § 1, effective July 1. L. 77: (1) amended, p. 962, § 15, effective July 1. L. 83: IP(1) amended, p. 698, § 1, effective July 1. L. 85: (2) R&RE and (3) and (4) amended, pp. 666, 667, §§ 1, 2, effective July 1. L. 95: (4) amended, p. 1252, § 9, effective July 1. L. 98: (4) amended, p. 1293, § 13, effective November 1. L. 2000: Entire section R&RE, p. 698, § 18, effective July 1. L. 2002: (1)(g), (2), and (4)(e) amended and (1)(h) and (3.5) added, p. 1578, §§ 1, 2, effective July 1; (5)(b)(I) and (6) amended, p. 1512, § 189, effective October 1. L. 2004: (3) and (6) amended, p. 635, § 5, effective August 4. L. 2013: (7) added, (SB 13-227), ch. 2060, p. 2060, § 6, effective July 1. L. 2021: (3) amended, (SB 21-271), ch. 3174, p. 3174, § 197, effective 3/1/2022.
(1) This section is similar to former § 18-3-401 as it existed prior to 1975.
(2) Section 803(2) of chapter 462 (SB 21-271), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to offenses committed on or after March 1, 2022.
2021 Ch. 462, was passed without a safety clause. See Colo. Const. art. V, § 1(3).
For the legislative declaration contained in the 2002 act amending subsections (5)(b)(I) and (6), see section 1 of chapter 318, Session Laws of Colorado 2002.