2023 CODE OF GEORGIA › Title 48 - REVENUE AND TAXATION (§§ 48-1-1 — 48-18-1) › Chapter 7 - INCOME TAXES (§§ 48-7-1 — 48-7-170) › Article 2 - IMPOSITION, RATE, AND COMPUTATION; EXEMPTIONS (§§ 48-7-20 — 48-7-42) › Section 48-7-29.14 - [Effective 1/1/2025] Tax credits for clean energy property

(a)
As used in this Code section, the term:
(1)
"Authority" means the Georgia Environmental Finance Authority.
(2)
"Business property" means tangible personal property that is used by the taxpayer in connection with a business or for the production of income and is capitalized by the taxpayer for federal income tax purposes. The term does not include, however, a luxury passenger automobile taxable under Section 4001 of the Internal Revenue Code or a watercraft used principally for entertainment and pleasure outings for which no admission is charged.
(3)
"Clean energy property" includes any of the following:
(A)
Solar energy equipment that uses solar radiation as a substitute for traditional energy for water heating, active space heating and cooling, passive heating, daylighting, generating electricity, distillation, desalinization, or the production of industrial or commercial process heat, as well as related devices necessary for collecting, storing, exchanging, conditioning, or converting solar energy to other useful forms of energy;
(B)
Energy Star certified geothermal heat pump systems;
(C)
Energy efficient projects as follows:
(i)
Lighting retrofit projects. "Lighting retrofit project" means a lighting retrofit system that employs dual switching (ability to switch roughly half the lights off and still have fairly uniform light distribution), delamping, daylighting, relamping, or other controls or processes which reduce annual energy and power consumption by 30 percent compared to the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers 2004 standard (ASHRAE 90.1.2004); and
(ii)
Energy efficient buildings. "Energy efficient building" means for other than single-family residential property new or retrofitted buildings that are designed, constructed, and certified to exceed the standards set forth in the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers 2004 standard (ASHRAE 90.1.2004) by 30 percent;
(D)
Wind equipment required to capture and convert wind energy into electricity or mechanical power as well as related devices that may be required for converting, conditioning, and storing the electricity produced by wind equipment; and
(E)
Biomass equipment to convert wood residuals into electricity through gasification and pyrolysis.
(4)
"Cost" means:
(A)
In the case of clean energy property owned by the taxpayer, cost is the aggregate funds actually invested and expended by a taxpayer to put into service the clean energy property; and
(B)
In the case of clean energy property the taxpayer leases from another, cost is eight times the net annual rental rate, which is the annual rental rate paid by the taxpayer less any annual rental rate received by the taxpayer from subrentals.
(5)
"Installation" means the year in which the clean energy property is put into service and becomes eligible for a tax credit allowed by this Code section.
(6)
"Renewable biomass qualified facility" means a renewable biomass qualified facility as defined by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission which facility meets the open loop biomass standards promulgated pursuant to Section 45 of the Internal Revenue Code.
(7)
"Wood residuals" means wood residuals that include land-clearing residue, urban wood residue, and pellets and do not include wood from any United States national forest.
(b)
A tax credit under this Code section is subject to the following limits:
(1)
A tax credit is allowed against the tax imposed under this article to a taxpayer for the construction, purchase, or lease of clean energy property that is placed into service in this state between July 1, 2008, and December 31, 2014; provided, however, that this credit shall be further subject to the following conditions and limitations:
(A)
A credit allowed by this Code section shall be taken for the taxable year in which the clean energy property is installed and may be taken against income tax or, if the taxpayer is an insurance company, against gross premium tax; provided, however, that for any credit under this Code section which is allowed for calendar year 2012, 2013, or 2014, the entire credit may not be taken for the year in which the property is placed in service but must be taken in four equal installments over four successive taxable years beginning with the taxable year in which the credit is allowed;
(B)
A taxpayer that claims a credit allowed under this subsection shall not be eligible to claim any other credit under this subsection with respect to the same clean energy property;
(C)
A taxpayer may not take the credit allowed in this subsection for clean energy property the taxpayer leases from another unless the taxpayer obtains the lessor's written certification that the lessor will not claim a credit under this subsection with respect to the same clean energy property; and
(D)
In no event shall the amount of the tax credits allowed by this Code section for a taxable year exceed the taxpayer's liability for such taxes. Any unused credit amount shall be allowed to be carried forward for five years from the close of the taxable year in which the installment of the clean energy property occurred. No such credit shall be allowed the taxpayer against prior years' tax liability.
To claim a credit allowed by this paragraph, the taxpayer shall provide any information required by the authority or department. Every taxpayer claiming a credit under this Code section shall maintain and make available for inspection by the authority or department any records that either entity considers necessary to determine and verify the amount of the credit to which the taxpayer is entitled. The burden of proving eligibility for a credit and the amount of the credit rests upon the taxpayer, and no credit may be allowed to a taxpayer that fails to maintain adequate records or to make them available for inspection;
(2)
A taxpayer who transports or diverts wood residuals to a renewable biomass qualified facility shall be allowed a credit against the tax imposed by this article in an amount not to exceed the actual amount certified by the State Forestry Commission to the taxpayer. The value of such credit shall be determined on a per tonnage basis. Such certification shall be based upon vouchers provided to the taxpayer by the renewable biomass qualified facility to whom the wood residuals are provided for the purpose of providing bioelectric power to a third party. The State Forestry Commission shall calculate and attribute a dollar value to such wood residuals;
(3)
In no event shall the total amount of tax credits allowed by this subsection exceed:
(A)
For calendar year 2008, $2.5 million;
(B)
For calendar year 2009, $2.5 million;
(C)
For calendar year 2010, $2.5 million;
(D)
For calendar year 2011, $2.5 million;
(E)
For calendar year 2012, $5 million;
(F)
For calendar year 2013, $5 million; and
(G)
For calendar year 2014, $5 million.
(4)
(A)
A taxpayer seeking to claim any tax credit provided for under this Code section must submit an application to the commissioner for tentative approval of such tax credit. The commissioner shall promulgate the rules and forms on which the application is to be submitted. The commissioner shall review such application and shall tentatively approve such application upon determining that it meets the requirements of this Code section within 60 days after receiving such application.
(B)
The commissioner shall allow the tax credits on a first come, first served basis. In no event shall the aggregate amount of tax credits approved by the commissioner for all taxpayers under this Code section in a calendar year exceed the limitations specified in paragraph (3) of this subsection. In the event a taxpayer filed a timely application for such credit but is not allowed all or part of the credit amount such taxpayer would be authorized to receive because the limitations specified in paragraph (3) of this subsection have been reached, the commissioner shall add such taxpayer to a priority waiting list of applications, prioritized by the date of the taxpayer's first filed application. With respect to the credit allocation in subsequent years, taxpayers on the priority waiting list shall have priority over other taxpayers who apply for the credit for an installation in the subsequent years;
(5)
The credit allowed by this subsection shall not exceed the following amounts:
(A)
For all types of clean energy property placed into service for any purpose other than single-family residential, the credit allowed by this subsection may not exceed the lesser of 35 percent of the cost of the clean energy property described in subparagraphs (a)(3)(A) through (a)(3)(C) of this Code section or the following credit amounts for any clean energy property:
(i)
A ceiling of $500,000.00 per installation applies to solar energy equipment for solar electric (photovoltaic), other solar thermal electric applications, and active space heating, wind equipment, and biomass equipment as described in subparagraphs (a)(3)(A), (a)(3)(D), and (a)(3)(E) of this Code section;
(ii)
The sum of $100,000.00 per installation applies to clean energy property related to solar energy equipment for domestic water heating as described in subparagraph (a)(3)(A) of this Code section which is certified for performance by the Solar Rating Certification Corporation, Florida Solar Energy Center, or by a comparable entity approved by the authority to have met the certification of Solar Rating Certification Corporation OG-100 or Florida Solar Energy Center-GO-80 for solar thermal collectors;
(iii)
For Energy Star certified geothermal heat pump systems as described in subparagraph (a)(3)(B) of this Code section, the sum of $100,000.00;
(iv)
For a lighting retrofit project as described in division (a)(3)(C)(i) of this Code section, the sum of $0.60 per square foot of the building with a maximum of $100,000.00; and
(v)
For an energy efficient building as described in division (a)(3)(C)(ii) of this Code section, the sum of the cost of energy efficient products installed during construction at $1.80 per square foot of the building, with a maximum of $100,000.00; and
(B)
The following ceilings apply to clean energy property placed in service for single-family residential purposes, the lesser of 35 percent of the cost or:
(i)
The sum of $2,500.00 per dwelling unit applies for clean energy property related to solar energy equipment for domestic water heating as described in subparagraph (a)(3)(A) of this Code section which is certified for performance by the Solar Rating Certification Corporation, Florida Solar Energy Center, or by a comparable entity approved by the authority to have met the certification of Solar Rating Certification Corporation OG-100 or Florida Solar Energy Center-GO-80 for solar thermal collectors, Solar Rating Certification Corporation certification OG-300 or Florida Solar Energy Center-GP-5-80 for solar thermal residential systems, or both;
(ii)
The sum of $10,500.00 per dwelling unit applies for clean energy property related to solar energy equipment for solar electric (photovoltaic), other solar thermal electric applications, and active space heating as described in subparagraph (a)(3)(A) of this Code section, or to wind as described in subparagraph (a)(3)(B) of this Code section; and
(iii)
The sum of $2,000.00 per installation for Energy Star certified geothermal heat pump systems applies as described in subparagraph (a)(3)(B) of this Code section; and
(6)
(A)
Where the amount of any credits allowed by this Code section except for the credit under paragraph (2) of subsection (b) of this Code section exceeds the taxpayer's liability for such taxes in a taxable year, the excess may be taken as a credit against such taxpayer's quarterly or monthly payment under Code Section
48-7-103
. Each employee whose employer receives credit against such taxpayer's quarterly or monthly payment under Code Section
48-7-103
shall receive credit against his or her income tax liability under Code Section
48-7-20
for the corresponding taxable year for the full amount which would be credited against such liability prior to the application of the credit provided for in this subsection. Credits against quarterly or monthly payments under Code Section
48-7-103
and credits against liability under Code Section
48-7-20
established by this subsection shall not constitute income to the taxpayer.
(B)
In no event shall the total amount of the tax credit under paragraph (2) of subsection (b) of this Code section for a taxable year exceed the taxpayer's income tax liability. Any unused tax credit shall be allowed the taxpayer against no more than three succeeding years' tax liability. No such credit shall be allowed the taxpayer against prior years' tax liability.
(c)
The authority and department shall be authorized to adopt rules and regulations to provide for the administration of any tax credit provided by this Code section. Specifically, the authority and department shall create a mechanism to track and report the status and availability of credits for the public to review at a minimum on a quarterly basis.
(d)
The authority and the department shall provide an annual report of:
(1)
The number of taxpayers that claimed the credits allowed in this Code section;
(2)
The cost of business property and clean energy property with respect to which credits were claimed;
(3)
The type of clean energy property installed and the location;
(4)
A determination of associated energy and economic benefits to the state; and
(5)
The total amount of credits allowed.
Amended by 2024 Ga. Laws 598,§ 1-6, eff. 1/1/2025, app. only to unused tax credits generated during taxable years beginning on or after 1/1/2025.
Amended by 2017 Ga. Laws 275,§ 48, eff. 5/9/2017.
Amended by 2013 Ga. Laws 33,§ 48, eff. 4/24/2013.
Amended by 2011 Ga. Laws 73,§ 3A, eff. 5/11/2011.
Amended by 2010 Ga. Laws 679,§ 3, eff. 7/1/2010.
Amended by 2010 Ga. Laws 634,§ 1, eff. 7/1/2010.
Amended by 2009 Ga. Laws 8,§ 48, eff. 4/14/2009.
Amended by 2008 Ga. Laws 728,§ 1, eff. 7/1/2008.
This section is set out more than once due to postponed, multiple, or conflicting amendments.