2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 43 - TRANSPORTATION (§§ 43-1-101 — 43-10-119) › FINANCING (§§ 43-4-101 — 43-4-1507) › Article 4 - FINANCING (§§ 43-4-101 — 43-4-1507) › Part 2 - HIGHWAY USERS TAX FUND (§§ 43-4-201 — 43-4-218) › Section 43-4-218 - Additional funding - retail delivery fee - fund created - simultaneous collection of enterprise fees - rules - legislative declaration - definitions

(1)
The general assembly hereby finds and declares that:
(a)
In recent years, the number of retail deliveries of tangible personal property, including restaurant food, has rapidly increased, and this rapid growth is expected to continue;
(b)
The world economic forum estimates that by 2030 there will be over thirty percent more delivery vehicles on roads to deliver seventy-eight percent more packages, which will increase usage of the highways, roads, and streets of the state by motor vehicles used to make retail deliveries, traffic congestion, and retail-delivery-related emissions;
(c)
This additional usage has accelerated and is expected to continue to accelerate deterioration of surface transportation system infrastructure, and has required and is expected to continue to require the state, counties, and municipalities to perform more maintenance and reconstruction of state highways, county roads, and city streets;
(d)
This additional usage has also increased and is expected to continue to increase motor-vehicle-related emissions of air pollutants, including ozone precursors, particulate matter pollutants, other hazardous air pollutants, and greenhouse gases, that contribute to adverse environmental effects, including but not limited to climate change, and adverse human health effects;
(d.3)
There are administrative costs for a retailer when the state imposes a fee on retail deliveries, and the benefits from the fee revenue need to be balanced with the potential economic impacts on the retailers;
(d.7)
Fees on retail deliveries should only be imposed on retailers that are large enough to absorb these administrative costs without significant economic harm;
(e)
It is therefore necessary and appropriate:
(I)
To impose a retail delivery fee as specified in this section and to credit the proceeds of the fee to the highway users tax fund created in section
43-4-201
for allocation to the state, counties, and municipalities and to the multimodal transportation and mitigation options fund created in section
43-4-1103 (1)(a)
;
(II)
To authorize the community access enterprise created in section
24-38.5-303 (1)
to impose a community access retail delivery fee as specified in section
24-38.5-303 (7)
, authorize the clean fleet enterprise created in section
25-7.5-103 (1)(a)
to impose a clean fleet retail delivery fee as specified in section
25-7.5-103 (8)
, authorize the statewide bridge and tunnel enterprise created in section
43-4-805 (2)(a)(I)
to impose a bridge and tunnel retail delivery fee as specified in section
43-4-805 (5)
(g.7), authorize the clean transit enterprise created in section
43-4-1203 (1)(a)
to impose a clean transit retail delivery fee as specified in section
43-4-1203 (7)
, and authorize the nonattainment area air pollution mitigation enterprise created in section
43-4-1303 (1)(a)
to impose an air pollution mitigation retail delivery fee as specified in section
43-1-1303 (8)
to help fund the enterprises' pursuit of their respective business purposes;
(III)
For the purpose of minimizing compliance costs for fee payers and administrative costs for the state, to require the department of revenue to collect the retail delivery fees imposed by the enterprises on behalf of the enterprises when it collects the retail delivery fee imposed by subsection (3) of this section and to distribute the enterprise fee revenue to the enterprises; and
(IV)
To create an exemption from the retail delivery fees for retailers with retail sales of five hundred thousand dollars or less.
(2)
As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires:
(a)
"Enterprise retail delivery fees" means:
(I)
The community access retail delivery fee imposed by the community access enterprise created in section
24-38.5-303 (1)
, as specified in section
24-38.5-303 (7)
;
(II)
The clean fleet retail delivery fee imposed by the clean fleet enterprise created in section
25-7.5-103 (1)(a)
, as specified in section
25-7.5-103 (8)
;
(III)
The bridge and tunnel retail delivery fee imposed by the statewide bridge and tunnel enterprise created in section
43-4-805 (2)(a)(I)
, as specified in section
43-4-805 (5)
(g.7);
(IV)
The clean transit retail delivery fee imposed by the clean transit enterprise created in section
43-4-1203 (1)(a)
as specified in section
43-4-1203 (7)
; and
(V)
The air pollution mitigation retail delivery fee imposed by the nonattainment area air pollution mitigation enterprise created in section
43-4-1303 (1)(a)
as specified in section
43-1-1303 (8)
.
(b)
"Inflation" means the average annual percentage change in the United States department of labor, bureau of labor statistics, consumer price index for Denver-Aurora-Lakewood for all items and all urban consumers, or its applicable predecessor or successor index, for the five years ending on the last December 31 before the calendar year in which a state fiscal year for which an inflation adjustment to the retail delivery fee imposed by subsection (3) of this section is to be made begins.
(c)
"Motor vehicle" has the same meaning as set forth in section
42-1-102 (58)
. The term does not include a personal delivery device.
(d)
"Personal delivery device" means an autonomously operated robot that is:
(I)
Designed and manufactured for the purpose of transporting tangible personal property primarily on sidewalks, crosswalks, and other public rights-of-way that are typically used by pedestrians;
(II)
Weighs no more than five hundred fifty pounds, excluding any tangible personal property being transported; and
(III)
Operates at speeds of less than ten miles per hour when on sidewalks, crosswalks, and other public rights-of-way that are typically used by pedestrians.
(e)
"Retail delivery" means a retail sale of tangible personal property by a retailer for delivery by a motor vehicle owned or operated by the retailer or any other person to the purchaser at a location in this state, which sale includes at least one item of tangible personal property that is subject to taxation under article
26
of title
39
. Each such retail sale is a single retail delivery regardless of the number of shipments necessary to deliver the items of tangible personal property purchased.
(f)
"Retailer" has the same meaning as set forth in section
39-26-102 (8)
.
(g)
"Retail sale" has the same meaning as set forth in section
39-26-102 (9)
.
(h)
"Tangible personal property" has the same meaning as set forth in section
39-26-102 (15)
.
(3)
(a)
A retail delivery fee in an amount set forth in this subsection (3)(a) and subsection (3)(b) of this section is imposed on each retail delivery. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (6)(b)(II) of this section, for retail deliveries of tangible personal property purchased during state fiscal year 2022-23, each retailer who makes a retail delivery shall add to the price of the retail delivery, collect from the purchaser, and pay to the department of revenue at the time and in the manner prescribed by the department in accordance with subsection (6) of this section a retail delivery fee in the amount of eight and four-tenths cents.
(b)
(I)
Except as otherwise provided in subsection (6)(b)(II) of this section, for retail deliveries of tangible personal property purchased during state fiscal year 2023-24 or during any subsequent state fiscal year, each retailer who makes a retail delivery shall add to the price of the retail delivery, collect from the purchaser, and pay to the department of revenue at the time and in the manner prescribed by the department in accordance with subsection (6) of this section a retail delivery fee equal to the amount of the retail delivery fee for retail deliveries of tangible personal property purchased during the prior state fiscal year adjusted for inflation. The department of revenue shall annually calculate the inflation adjusted amount of the retail delivery fee to be imposed on retail deliveries of tangible personal property purchased during each state fiscal year and shall publish the amount no later than April 15 of the calendar year in which the state fiscal year begins.
(II)
The department of revenue shall adjust the amount of the retail delivery fee for retail deliveries of tangible personal property purchased during a state fiscal year only if inflation is positive and cumulative inflation from the time of the last adjustment in the amount of the retail delivery fee, when applied to the sum of the current retail delivery fee and all current enterprise retail delivery fees and rounded to the nearest whole cent, will result in an increase of at least one whole cent in the total amount of the retail delivery fee and all enterprise retail delivery fees imposed on each retail delivery. The amount of cumulative inflation to be applied to the sum of the current retail delivery fee and all current enterprise retail delivery fees and rounded to the nearest whole cent is the lesser of actual cumulative inflation or five percent.
(c)
A retail delivery that includes only tangible personal property, the sale of which is exempt from state sales tax under article
26
of title
39
, is exempt from the retail delivery fee and from the enterprise retail delivery fees. A retail delivery made to a purchaser who is exempt from paying state sales tax under article
26
of title
39
is exempt from the retail delivery fee and from the enterprise retail delivery fees.
(d)
(I)
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a retail delivery by a qualified business made on or after July 1, 2022, is exempt from the retail delivery fee imposed by this subsection (3) and the enterprise retail delivery fees.
(II)
There are no refunds under section
39-26-703
of any retail delivery fees for a retail delivery made on or after July 1, 2022, but before July 1, 2023, on the basis of the exemption set forth in subsection (3)(d)(I) of this section.
(III)
As used in this subsection (3)(d), "qualified business" means a retailer that in the previous calendar year made retail sales of tangible personal property, commodities, or services in the state totaling five hundred thousand dollars or less. If the retailer had no retail sales in the state in the previous calendar year, then the retailer is deemed to be a "qualified business" for the current calendar year, until the first day of the month after the ninetieth day after the retailer has made retail sales of tangible personal property, commodities, or services in the state that total more than five hundred thousand dollars.
(4)
(a)
For the purpose of minimizing compliance costs for retailers and administrative costs for the state, the department of revenue shall, when it collects the retail delivery fee imposed by subsection (3) of this section, also collect on behalf of the community access enterprise created in section
24-38.5-303 (1)
, the clean fleet enterprise created in section
25-7.5-103 (1)(a)
, the statewide bridge and tunnel enterprise created in section
43-4-805 (2)(a)(I)
, the clean transit enterprise created in section
43-1-1203 (1)(a)
, and the nonattainment area air pollution mitigation enterprise created in section
43-4-1303 (1)(a)
, the enterprise retail delivery fees.
(b)
When collecting the retail delivery fee and, in accordance with subsection (4)(a) of this section, the enterprise retail delivery fees, the department of revenue shall retain an amount that does not exceed the total cost of collecting, administering, and enforcing the retail delivery fee and the enterprise retail delivery fees and shall transmit the amount retained to the state treasurer, who shall credit it to the retail delivery fees fund, which is hereby created in the state treasury. All money in the retail delivery fees fund is continuously appropriated to the department of revenue to defray the costs incurred by the department in collecting, enforcing, and administering the retail delivery fee and the enterprise retail delivery fees.
(5)
(a)
The department of revenue shall transmit all net revenue collected from the retail delivery fee imposed by subsection (3) of this section to the state treasurer, who shall credit the net revenue as follows:
(I)
Seventy-one and one-tenth percent shall be credited to the highway users tax fund created in section
43-4-201
and allocated from the highway users tax fund to the state, counties, and municipalities as required by section
43-4-205
(6.8); and
(II)
Twenty-eight and nine-tenths percent shall be credited to the multimodal transportation and mitigation options fund created in section
43-4-1103 (1)(a)
;
(b)
The department of revenue shall transmit all net revenue collected from enterprise retail delivery fees to the state treasurer who shall credit the net revenue as follows:
(I)
All net community access retail delivery fee revenue shall be credited to the community access enterprise fund created in section
24-38.5-303 (5)
;
(II)
All net clean fleet retail delivery fee revenue shall be credited to the clean fleet enterprise fund created in section
25-7.5-103 (5)
;
(III)
All net bridge and tunnel retail delivery fee revenue shall be credited to the statewide bridge and tunnel enterprise special revenue fund created in section
43-4-805 (3)(a)
;
(IV)
All net clean transit retail delivery fee revenue shall be credited to the clean transit enterprise fund created in section
43-4-1203 (5)
; and
(V)
All net air pollution mitigation retail delivery fee revenue shall be credited to the nonattainment area air pollution mitigation enterprise fund created in section
43-4-1303 (5)
.
(6)
(a)
Except as otherwise provided in this subsection (6), the collection, administration, and enforcement of the retail delivery fee imposed by subsection (3) of this section and the enterprise retail delivery fees shall be performed by the executive director of the department of revenue in the same manner as the collection, administration, and enforcement of state sales tax pursuant to article
26
of title
39
.
(b)
(I)
Except as otherwise provided in subsection (6)(b)(II) of this section, every retailer who makes a retail delivery shall add the retail delivery fee imposed by subsection (3) of this section and the enterprise retail delivery fees to the price or charge for the retail delivery showing the total of the fees as one item called "retail delivery fees" that is separate and distinct from the price and any other taxes or fees imposed on the retail delivery. If added, the fees constitute a part of the retail delivery price or charge, are a debt from the purchaser to the retailer until paid, and are recoverable at law in the same manner as other debts.
(II)
A retailer may elect to pay the retail delivery fee imposed by subsection (3) of this section and the enterprise retail delivery fees for a retail delivery on behalf of a purchaser. If a retailer elects to pay these fees, then:
(A)
The retailer shall not add the fees to the price or charge for the retail delivery showing the total of the fees as one item called "retail delivery fees" that is separate and distinct from the price and any other taxes or fees imposed on the retail delivery;
(B)
The purchaser is neither liable nor responsible for the payment of the fees; and
(C)
The purchaser is not entitled to a refund for fees that are paid for a retail delivery that is exempt under subsection (3)(c) or (3)(d) of this section. A retailer may claim a refund under section
39-26-703
for the exempt fees paid; except that section
39-26-703
(2.5)(b)(I)(B) shall not apply in this circumstance.
(c)
Every retailer who makes a retail delivery is liable and responsible for the payment of an amount equivalent to the total amount of the retail delivery fee imposed by subsection (3) of this section and the enterprise retail delivery fees for each retail delivery made irrespective of the requirements of subsection (6)(b) of this section. The burden of proving that a retailer is exempt from collecting or electing to pay the fees on any retail delivery and paying the fees to the executive director of the department of revenue is on the retailer under such reasonable requirements of proof as the executive director may prescribe. The retailer is entitled, as collecting agent for the state, to apply and credit the amount of the retailer's collections, if any, against the amount to be paid pursuant to this subsection (6)(c).
(d)
(I)
A retailer who collects the retail delivery fee imposed by subsection (3) of this section and the enterprise retail delivery fees shall remit the fees to the department of revenue at the same time and in the same manner as the retailer remits sales tax revenue collected to the department as required by article
26
of title
39
unless the department requires or authorizes the fees to be remitted at another time or in another manner.
(II)
A retailer who elects to pay the retail delivery fee imposed by subsection (3) of this section and the enterprise retail delivery fees on behalf of a purchaser in accordance with subsection (6)(b)(II) of this section shall remit the fees to the department of revenue as if the fees had been collected from the purchaser on the date of the retail delivery, as specified in subsection (6)(d)(I) of this section.
(e)
All money paid to a retailer as a retail delivery fee imposed by subsection (3) of this section, or as one or more of the enterprise retail delivery fees, shall be and remains public money, the property of the state of Colorado, in the hands of the retailer, and the retailer shall hold the money in trust for the sole use and benefit of the state of Colorado until paid to the executive director of the department of revenue, and, for failure to pay the money to the executive director, a retailer shall be punished as provided by law. If any retailer collects fees in excess of the amount imposed by this section and sections
24-38.5-303 (7)
,
25-7.5-103 (8)
,
43-4-1203 (7)
, and
43-4-1303 (8)
, the retailer shall remit to the executive director of the department of revenue the full amount of the fees and also the full amount of the excess.
(f)
The department of revenue shall waive any processing costs, as defined in section
39-21-119.5 (7)(d)(II)
, for electronic payment of the retail delivery fee imposed by subsection (3) of this section and the enterprise retail delivery fees if:
(I)
The processing costs would exceed the amount of the retail delivery fees the retailer is remitting; and
(II)
The electronic payment is by automated clearing house (ACH) debit.
(7)
The department of revenue may promulgate rules to implement this section.
Amended by 2023 Ch. 153,§ 6, eff. 7/1/2023 (except that (3)(d) is effective 5/4/2023).
Added by 2021 Ch. 250, §35, eff. 6/17/2021.
L. 2021: Entire section added, (SB 21-260), ch. 1424, p. 1424, § 35, effective June 17.
For the legislative declaration in SB 21-260, see section 1 of chapter 250, Session Laws of Colorado 2021.