reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code › Article 9 - Secured Transactions › Section 42a-9-626. - Action in which deficiency or surplus is in issue.

(a) In an action arising from a transaction, other than a consumer transaction, in which the amount of a deficiency or surplus is in issue, the following rules apply:
(1) A secured party need not prove compliance with the provisions of this part relating to collection, enforcement, disposition or acceptance unless the debtor or a secondary obligor places the secured party's compliance in issue.
(2) If the secured party's compliance is placed in issue, the secured party has the burden of establishing that the collection, enforcement, disposition or acceptance was conducted in accordance with this part.
(3) Except as otherwise provided in section 42a-9-628, if a secured party fails to prove that the collection, enforcement, disposition or acceptance was conducted in accordance with the provisions of this part relating to collection, enforcement, disposition or acceptance, the liability of a debtor or a secondary obligor for a deficiency is limited to an amount by which the sum of the secured obligation, expenses and attorney's fees exceeds the greater of:
(A) The proceeds of the collection, enforcement, disposition or acceptance; or
(B) The amount of proceeds that would have been realized had the noncomplying secured party proceeded in accordance with the provisions of this part relating to collection, enforcement, disposition or acceptance.
(4) For purposes of subparagraph (B) of subdivision (3) of this subsection, the amount of proceeds that would have been realized is equal to the sum of the secured obligation, expenses and attorney's fees unless the secured party proves that the amount is less than that sum.
(5) If a deficiency or surplus is calculated under subsection (f) of section 42a-9-615, the debtor or obligor has the burden of establishing that the amount of proceeds of the disposition is significantly below the range of prices that a complying disposition to a person other than the secured party, a person related to the secured party or a secondary obligor would have brought.
(b) The limitation of the rules in subsection (a) to transactions other than consumer transactions is intended to leave to the court the determination of the proper rules in consumer transactions. The court may not infer from that limitation the nature of the proper rule in consumer transactions and may continue to apply established approaches. Notwithstanding subsection (b) of section 42a-9-627, those approaches may apply principles of existing statutory and case law, including laws concerning the determination of a deficiency or surplus, that apply to analogous consumer transactions in similar goods under part XI of chapter 669 and under other law of this state.
(P.A. 01-132, S. 123.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code › Article 9 - Secured Transactions › Section 42a-9-627. - Determination of whether conduct was commercially reasonable.

(a) The fact that a greater amount could have been obtained by a collection, enforcement, disposition or acceptance at a different time or in a different method from that selected by the secured party is not of itself sufficient to preclude the secured party from establishing that the collection, enforcement, disposition or acceptance was made in a commercially reasonable manner.
(b) A disposition of collateral is made in a commercially reasonable manner if the disposition is made:
(1) In the usual manner on any recognized market;
(2) At the price current in any recognized market at the time of the disposition; or
(3) Otherwise in conformity with reasonable commercial practices among dealers in the type of property that was the subject of the disposition.
(c) A collection, enforcement, disposition or acceptance is commercially reasonable if it has been approved:
(1) In a judicial proceeding;
(2) By a bona fide creditors' committee;
(3) By a representative of creditors; or
(4) By an assignee for the benefit of creditors.
(d) Approval under subsection (c) need not be obtained, and lack of approval does not mean that the collection, enforcement, disposition or acceptance is not commercially reasonable.
(e) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (b), in a consumer transaction the determination of a deficiency or surplus is subject to the court determination of the proper rule that applies to a consumer transaction under subsection (b) of section 42a-9-626.
(P.A. 01-132, S. 124.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code › Article 9 - Secured Transactions › Section 42a-9-628. - Nonliability and limitation on liability of secured party. Liability of secondary obligor.

(a) Unless a secured party knows that a person is a debtor or obligor, knows the identity of the person and knows how to communicate with the person:
(1) The secured party is not liable to the person, or to a secured party or lienholder that has filed a financing statement against the person, for failure to comply with this article; and
(2) The secured party's failure to comply with this article does not affect the liability of the person for a deficiency.
(b) A secured party is not liable because of its status as secured party:
(1) To a person that is a debtor or obligor, unless the secured party knows:
(A) That the person is a debtor or obligor;
(B) The identity of the person; and
(C) How to communicate with the person; or
(2) To a secured party or lienholder that has filed a financing statement against a person, unless the secured party knows:
(A) That the person is a debtor; and
(B) The identity of the person.
(c) A secured party is not liable to any person, and a person's liability for a deficiency is not affected, because of any act or omission arising out of the secured party's reasonable belief that a transaction is not a consumer-goods transaction or a consumer transaction or that goods are not consumer goods, if the secured party's belief is based on its reasonable reliance on:
(1) A debtor's representation concerning the purpose for which collateral was to be used, acquired or held; or
(2) An obligor's representation concerning the purpose for which a secured obligation was incurred.
(d) A secured party is not liable to any person under subdivision (2) of subsection (c) of section 42a-9-625 for its failure to comply with section 42a-9-616.
(e) A secured party is not liable under subdivision (2) of subsection (c) of section 42a-9-625 more than once with respect to any one secured obligation.
(P.A. 01-132, S. 125.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code › Article 9 - Secured Transactions › Section 42a-9-702. - Savings clause.

(a) Except as otherwise provided in this part, public act 01-132* applies to a transaction or lien within its scope, even if the transaction or lien was entered into or created before October 1, 2001.
(b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c) and sections 42a-9-703 to 42a-9-709, inclusive:
(1) Transactions and liens that were not governed by sections 42a-9-101 to 42a-9-507, inclusive, of the general statutes, revision of 1958, revised to January 1, 2001, were validly entered into or created before October 1, 2001, and would be subject to public act 01-132* if they had been entered into or created after October 1, 2001, and the rights, duties and interests flowing from those transactions and liens remain valid after October 1, 2001; and
(2) The transactions and liens may be terminated, completed, consummated and enforced as required or permitted by public act 01-132* or by the law that otherwise would apply if public act 01-132* had not taken effect.
(c) Public act 01-132* does not affect an action, case or proceeding commenced before October 1, 2001.
(P.A. 01-132, S. 126.)
*Note: Public act 01-132 is entitled “An Act Adopting Revised Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code Concerning Secured Transactions”. (See Reference Table captioned “Public Acts of 2001” in Volume 16 which lists the sections amended, created or repealed by the act.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code › Article 9 - Secured Transactions › Section 42a-9-703. - Security interest perfected before October 1, 2001.

(a) A security interest that is enforceable immediately before October 1, 2001, and would have priority over the rights of a person that becomes a lien creditor at that time is a perfected security interest under public act 01-132* if, on October 1, 2001, the applicable requirements for enforceability and perfection under public act 01-132* are satisfied without further action.
(b) Except as otherwise provided in section 42a-9-705, if, immediately before October 1, 2001, a security interest is enforceable and would have priority over the rights of a person that becomes a lien creditor at that time, but the applicable requirements for enforceability or perfection under public act 01-132* are not satisfied on October 1, 2001, the security interest:
(1) Is a perfected security interest for one year after October 1, 2001;
(2) Remains enforceable thereafter only if the security interest becomes enforceable under section 42a-9-203 before the year expires; and
(3) Remains perfected thereafter only if the applicable requirements for perfection under public act 01-132* are satisfied before the year expires.
(P.A. 01-132, S. 127.)
*Note: Public act 01-132 is entitled “An Act Adopting Revised Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code Concerning Secured Transactions”. (See Reference Table captioned “Public Acts of 2001” in Volume 16 which lists the sections amended, created or repealed by the act.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code › Article 9 - Secured Transactions › Section 42a-9-704. - Security interest unperfected before October 1, 2001.

A security interest that is enforceable immediately before October 1, 2001, but which would be subordinate to the rights of a person that becomes a lien creditor at that time:
(1) Remains an enforceable security interest for one year after October 1, 2001;
(2) Remains enforceable thereafter if the security interest becomes enforceable under section 42a-9-203 on October 1, 2001, or within one year thereafter; and
(3) Becomes perfected:
(A) Without further action, on October 1, 2001, if the applicable requirements for perfection under public act 01-132* are satisfied before or at that time; or
(B) When the applicable requirements for perfection are satisfied if the requirements are satisfied after that time.
(P.A. 01-132, S. 128.)
*Note: Public act 01-132 is entitled “An Act Adopting Revised Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code Concerning Secured Transactions”. (See Reference Table captioned “Public Acts of 2001” in Volume 16 which lists the sections amended, created or repealed by the act.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code › Article 9 - Secured Transactions › Section 42a-9-706. - When initial financing statement suffices to continue effectiveness of financing statement.

(a) The filing of an initial financing statement in the office specified in section 42a-9-501 continues the effectiveness of a financing statement filed before October 1, 2001, if:
(1) The filing of an initial financing statement in that office would be effective to perfect a security interest under public act 01-132*;
(2) The pre-effective-date financing statement was filed in an office in another state or another office in this state; and
(3) The initial financing statement satisfies subsection (c).
(b) The filing of an initial financing statement under subsection (a) continues the effectiveness of the pre-effective-date financing statement:
(1) If the initial financing statement is filed before October 1, 2001, for the period provided in section 42a-9-403 of the general statutes, revision of 1958, revised to January 1, 2001, with respect to a financing statement; and
(2) If the initial financing statement is filed after October 1, 2001, for the period provided in section 42a-9-515 with respect to an initial financing statement.
(c) To be effective for purposes of subsection (a), an initial financing statement must:
(1) Satisfy the requirements of part 5 of this article for an initial financing statement;
(2) Identify the pre-effective-date financing statement by indicating the office in which the financing statement was filed and providing the dates of filing and file numbers, if any, of the financing statement and of the most recent continuation statement filed with respect to the financing statement; and
(3) Indicate that the pre-effective-date financing statement remains effective.
(P.A. 01-132, S. 130.)
*Note: Public act 01-132 is entitled “An Act Adopting Revised Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code Concerning Secured Transactions”. (See Reference Table captioned “Public Acts of 2001” in Volume 16 which lists the sections amended, created or repealed by the act.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code › Article 9 - Secured Transactions › Section 42a-9-707. - Amendment of pre-effective-date financing statement.

(a) In this section, “pre-effective-date financing statement” means a financing statement filed before October 1, 2001.
(b) After October 1, 2001, a person may add or delete collateral covered by, continue or terminate the effectiveness of, or otherwise amend the information provided in, a pre-effective-date financing statement only in accordance with the law of the jurisdiction governing perfection as provided in part 3 of this article. However, the effectiveness of a pre-effective-date financing statement also may be terminated in accordance with the law of the jurisdiction in which the financing statement is filed.
(c) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), if the law of this state governs perfection of a security interest, the information in a pre-effective-date financing statement may be amended after October 1, 2001, only if:
(1) The pre-effective-date financing statement and an amendment are filed in the office specified in section 42a-9-501;
(2) An amendment is filed in the office specified in section 42a-9-501 concurrently with, or after the filing in that office of, an initial financing statement that satisfies subsection (c) of section 42a-9-706; or
(3) An initial financing statement that provides the information as amended and satisfies subsection (c) of section 42a-9-706 is filed in the office specified in section 42a-9-501.
(d) If the law of this state governs perfection of a security interest, the effectiveness of a pre-effective-date financing statement may be continued only under subsections (d) and (f) of section 42a-9-705 or section 42a-9-706.
(e) Whether or not the law of this state governs perfection of a security interest, the effectiveness of a pre-effective-date financing statement filed in this state may be terminated after October 1, 2001, by filing a termination statement in the office in which the pre-effective-date financing statement is filed, unless an initial financing statement that satisfies subsection (c) of section 42a-9-706 has been filed in the office specified by the law of the jurisdiction governing perfection as provided in part 3 of this article as the office in which to file a financing statement.
(P.A. 01-132, S. 131.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code › Article 9 - Secured Transactions › Section 42a-9-708. - Persons entitled to file initial financing statement or continuation statement.

A person may file an initial financing statement or a continuation statement under this part if:
(1) The secured party of record authorizes the filing; and
(2) The filing is necessary under this part:
(A) To continue the effectiveness of a financing statement filed before October 1, 2001; or
(B) To perfect or continue the perfection of a security interest.
(P.A. 01-132, S. 132.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code › Article 9 - Secured Transactions › Section 42a-9-709. - Priority.

(a) Public act 01-132* determines the priority of conflicting claims to collateral. However, if the relative priorities of the claims were established before October 1, 2001, sections 42a-9-101 to 42a-9-507, inclusive, of the general statutes, revision of 1958, revised to January 1, 2001, determine priority.
(b) For purposes of subsection (a) of section 42a-9-322, the priority of a security interest that becomes enforceable under section 42a-9-203 dates from October 1, 2001, if the security interest is perfected under public act 01-132* by the filing of a financing statement before October 1, 2001, which would not have been effective to perfect the security interest under sections 42a-9-101 to 42a-9-507, inclusive, of the general statutes, revision of 1958, revised to January 1, 2001. This subsection does not apply to conflicting security interests each of which is perfected by the filing of such a financing statement.
(P.A. 01-132, S. 133.)
*Note: Public act 01-132 is entitled “An Act Adopting Revised Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code Concerning Secured Transactions”. (See Reference Table captioned “Public Acts of 2001” in Volume 16 which lists the sections amended, created or repealed by the act.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code › Article 9 - Secured Transactions › Section 42a-9-802. - Savings clause.

(a) Except as otherwise provided in this part, public act 11-108* applies to a transaction or lien within its scope, even if the transaction or lien was entered into or created before July 1, 2013.
(b) Public act 11-108* does not affect an action, case or proceeding commenced before July 1, 2013.
(P.A. 11-108, S. 18.)
*Note: Public act 11-108 is entitled “An Act Concerning Amendments to Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code Concerning Secured Transactions”. (See Reference Table captioned “Public Acts of 2011” in Volume 16 which lists the sections amended, created or repealed by the act.)
History: P.A. 11-108 effective July 1, 2013.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code › Article 9 - Secured Transactions › Section 42a-9-803. - Security interest perfected before July 1, 2013.

(a) A security interest that is a perfected security interest immediately before July 1, 2013, is a perfected security interest under this article, as amended by public act 11-108*, if, on July 1, 2013, the applicable requirements for attachment and perfection under this article, as amended by public act 11-108*, are satisfied without further action.
(b) Except as otherwise provided in section 42a-9-805, if, immediately before July 1, 2013, a security interest is a perfected security interest, but the applicable requirements for perfection under this article, as amended by public act 11-108*, are not satisfied on July 1, 2013, the security interest remains perfected thereafter only if the applicable requirements for perfection under this article, as amended by public act 11-108*, are satisfied within one year after July 1, 2013.
(P.A. 11-108, S. 19.)
*Note: Public act 11-108 is entitled “An Act Concerning Amendments to Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code Concerning Secured Transactions”. (See Reference Table captioned “Public Acts of 2011” in Volume 16 which lists the sections amended, created or repealed by the act.)
History: P.A. 11-108 effective July 1, 2013.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code › Article 9 - Secured Transactions › Section 42a-9-804. - Security interest unperfected before July 1, 2013.

A security interest that is an unperfected security interest immediately before July 1, 2013, becomes a perfected security interest:
(1) Without further action, on July 1, 2013, if the applicable requirements for perfection under this article, as amended by public act 11-108*, are satisfied before or at that time; or
(2) When the applicable requirements for perfection are satisfied if the requirements are satisfied after that time.
(P.A. 11-108, S. 20.)
*Note: Public act 11-108 is entitled “An Act Concerning Amendments to Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code Concerning Secured Transactions”. (See Reference Table captioned “Public Acts of 2011” in Volume 16 which lists the sections amended, created or repealed by the act.)
History: P.A. 11-108 effective July 1, 2013.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code › Article 9 - Secured Transactions › Section 42a-9-806. - When initial financing statement suffices to continue effectiveness of financing statement.

(a) The filing of an initial financing statement in the office specified in section 42a-9-501 continues the effectiveness of a financing statement filed before July 1, 2013, if:
(1) The filing of an initial financing statement in that office would be effective to perfect a security interest under this article, as amended by public act 11-108*;
(2) The pre-effective-date financing statement, as defined in section 42a-9-807, was filed in an office in another state; and
(3) The initial financing statement satisfies subsection (c) of this section.
(b) The filing of an initial financing statement under subsection (a) of this section continues the effectiveness of the pre-effective-date financing statement, as defined in section 42a-9-807:
(1) If the initial financing statement is filed before July 1, 2013, for the period provided in section 42a-9-515 in effect on June 30, 2013, with respect to an initial financing statement; and
(2) If the initial financing statement is filed on or after July 1, 2013, for the period provided in section 42a-9-515, as amended by public act 11-108*, with respect to an initial financing statement.
(c) To be effective for purposes of subsection (a) of this section, an initial financing statement must:
(1) Satisfy the requirements of part 5 of this article, as amended by public act 11-108*, for an initial financing statement;
(2) Identify the pre-effective-date financing statement, as defined in section 42a-9-807, by indicating the office in which the financing statement was filed and providing the dates of filing and file numbers, if any, of the financing statement and of the most recent continuation statement filed with respect to the financing statement; and
(3) Indicate that the pre-effective-date financing statement, as defined in section 42a-9-807, remains effective.
(P.A. 11-108, S. 22.)
*Note: Public act 11-108 is entitled “An Act Concerning Amendments to Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code Concerning Secured Transactions”. (See Reference Table captioned “Public Acts of 2011” in Volume 16 which lists the sections amended, created or repealed by the act.)
History: P.A. 11-108 effective July 1, 2013.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code › Article 9 - Secured Transactions › Section 42a-9-807. - Amendment of financing statement filed before July 1, 2013.

(a) In this section and section 42a-9-806, “pre-effective-date financing statement” means a financing statement filed before July 1, 2013.
(b) On or after July 1, 2013, a person may add or delete collateral covered by, continue or terminate the effectiveness of, or otherwise amend the information provided in, a pre-effective-date financing statement only in accordance with the law of the jurisdiction governing perfection as provided in this article, as amended by public act 11-108*. However, the effectiveness of a pre-effective-date financing statement also may be terminated in accordance with the law of the jurisdiction in which the financing statement is filed.
(c) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d) of this section, if the law of this state governs perfection of a security interest, the information in a pre-effective-date financing statement may be amended on or after July 1, 2013, only if:
(1) The pre-effective-date financing statement and an amendment are filed in the office specified in section 42a-9-501;
(2) An amendment is filed in the office specified in section 42a-9-501 concurrently with, or after the filing in that office of, an initial financing statement that satisfies subsection (c) of section 42a-9-806; or
(3) An initial financing statement that provides the information as amended and satisfies subsection (c) of section 42a-9-806 is filed in the office specified in section 42a-9-501.
(d) If the law of this state governs perfection of a security interest, the effectiveness of a pre-effective-date financing statement may be continued only under subsections (c) and (e) of section 42a-9-805 or section 42a-9-806.
(e) Whether or not the law of this state governs perfection of a security interest, the effectiveness of a pre-effective-date financing statement filed in this state may be terminated on or after July 1, 2013, by filing a termination statement in the office in which the pre-effective-date financing statement is filed, unless an initial financing statement that satisfies subsection (c) of section 42a-9-806 has been filed in the office specified by the law of the jurisdiction governing perfection as provided in this article, as amended by public act 11-108*, as the office in which to file a financing statement.
(P.A. 11-108, S. 23.)
*Note: Public act 11-108 is entitled “An Act Concerning Amendments to Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code Concerning Secured Transactions”. (See Reference Table captioned “Public Acts of 2011” in Volume 16 which lists the sections amended, created or repealed by the act.)
History: P.A. 11-108 effective July 1, 2013.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code › Article 9 - Secured Transactions › Section 42a-9-808. - Person entitled to file initial financing statement or continuation statement.

A person may file an initial financing statement or a continuation statement under this part if:
(1) The secured party of record authorizes the filing; and
(2) The filing is necessary under this part:
(A) To continue the effectiveness of a financing statement filed before July 1, 2013; or
(B) To perfect or continue the perfection of a security interest.
(P.A. 11-108, S. 24.)
History: P.A. 11-108 effective July 1, 2013.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code › Article 9 - Secured Transactions › Section 42a-9-809. - Priority.

Public act 11-108* determines the priority of conflicting claims to collateral. However, if the relative priorities of the claims were established before July 1, 2013, this article in effect on June 30, 2013, determines priority.
(P.A. 11-108, S. 25.)
*Note: Public act 11-108 is entitled “An Act Concerning Amendments to Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code Concerning Secured Transactions”. (See Reference Table captioned “Public Acts of 2011” in Volume 16 which lists the sections amended, created or repealed by the act.)
History: P.A. 11-108 effective July 1, 2013.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code › Article 10 - Effective Date. Transition › Section 42a-10-104. - Laws not repealed.

Section 42a-10-104 is repealed, effective October 1, 2004.
(1959, P.A. 133, S. 10-104; P.A. 04-64, S. 76.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code › Article 10 - Effective Date. Transition › Section 42a-10-108. - Transition as to priorities.

Except as otherwise provided in sections 42a-10-105 to 42a-10-109, inclusive, title 42a, as amended, prior to October 1, 1976, shall apply to any questions of priority if the positions of the parties were fixed prior to October 1, 1976. In other cases questions of priority shall be determined by this title, as amended.
(P.A. 76-369, S. 44.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code › Article 10 - Effective Date. Transition › Section 42a-10-109. - Provisions of this title declaratory of meaning prior to October 1, 1976.

Unless a change in law has clearly been made, the provisions of this title, as amended, shall be deemed declaratory of the meaning of title 42a prior to October 1, 1976.
(P.A. 76-369, S. 45.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42b - Registered Obligations of Public Entities › Chapter 748 - Registered Public Obligations › Section 42b-2. - Public entities empowered to establish system for issuance of registered obligations. Interest on certain unregistered public obligations not exempt from federal tax.

(a) Since the code provides that interest with respect to certain obligations may not be exempt from federal income taxation unless they are in registered form, it is therefore a matter of state concern that public entities be authorized to provide for the issuance of obligations in such form. It is a purpose of this chapter to empower all public entities to establish and maintain a system pursuant to which obligations may be issued in registered form within the meaning of the applicable provisions of the code.
(b) Since obligations have traditionally been issued in bearer rather than in registered form and a change from bearer to registered form may affect the relationships, rights and duties of issuers of, and the persons that deal with, obligations and by such effect, the costs, and since such effects will impact the various issuers and varieties of obligations differently depending on their legal and financial characteristics, their markets and their adaptability to recent and prospective technological and organizational developments, it is therefore a matter of state concern that public entities be provided flexibility in the development of such systems and control over system incidents so as to accommodate such differing impacts. It is a purpose of this chapter to empower the establishment and maintenance and amendment from time to time of differing systems of registration of obligations, including system incidents, so as to accommodate the differing impacts upon issuers and varieties of obligations. It is further a purpose of this chapter to authorize systems that will facilitate the prompt and accurate transfer of registered public obligations and to develop practices with regard to the registration and transfer of registered public obligations.
(P.A. 83-519, S. 2, 23.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42b - Registered Obligations of Public Entities › Chapter 748 - Registered Public Obligations › Section 42b-4. - Execution of certificated registered public obligations and writings related to uncertificated registered public obligations.

(a) A certificated registered public obligation shall be executed by the issuer by the manual or facsimile signature or signatures of authorized officers. Any signature of an authorized officer may be attested by the manual or facsimile signature of another authorized officer.
(b) In addition to the signatures referred to in subsection (a) of this section, any certificated registered public obligation or any writing relating to an uncertificated registered public obligation may include a certificate or certificates signed by the manual or facsimile signature of an authenticating agent, certifying agent, registrar, transfer agent or the like.
(c) At least one signature of an authorized officer or of an authenticating agent, certifying agent, registrar, transfer agent or other person required or permitted to be placed on a certificated registered public obligation shall be a manual signature.
(P.A. 83-519, S. 4, 23.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42b - Registered Obligations of Public Entities › Chapter 748 - Registered Public Obligations › Section 42b-5. - Signature of authorized officer on certificates. Continuing validity.

(a) Any certificated registered public obligation signed by the authorized officers at the time of the signing thereof shall remain valid and binding, notwithstanding that before the issuance thereof any or all of such officers shall have ceased to fill their respective offices.
(b) Any authorized officer empowered to sign any certificated registered public obligation may adopt as and for the signature of such officer the signature of a predecessor in office in the event that such predecessor's signature appears on such certificated registered public obligation. An authorized officer incurs no liability by adoption of a predecessor's signature that would not be incurred by such authorized officer if the signature were that of such authorized officer.
(P.A. 83-519, S. 5, 23.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42b - Registered Obligations of Public Entities › Chapter 748 - Registered Public Obligations › Section 42b-6. - When seal is required on certificate a facsimile seal allowed with same legal effect.

When a seal is required or permitted in the execution of any certificated registered public obligation, an authorized officer may cause the seal to be printed, engraved, stamped or otherwise placed in facsimile thereon. The facsimile seal shall have the same legal effect as the impression of the seal.
(P.A. 83-519, S. 6, 23.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42b - Registered Obligations of Public Entities › Chapter 748 - Registered Public Obligations › Section 42b-7. - Appointment by issuer of authenticity agents, transfer agents, registrars and other agents. Establishment of depository system for transfer of registered public obligations.

(a) An issuer or an issuer's official or official body on behalf of the issuer may appoint for such term as may be agreed, including for as long as a registered public obligation may be outstanding, corporate or other authenticating agents, transfer agents, registrars, paying or other agents and specify the terms of their appointment, including their rights, their compensation and duties, limits upon their liabilities and provision for their payment of liquidated damages in the event of breach of certain of the duties imposed, which liquidated damages may be made payable to the issuer, the owner or a financial intermediary. None of such agents need have an office or do business within this state. The provisions of this subsection shall not relieve any issuer from any obligation applicable to it pursuant to section 7-373.
(b) An issuer or an issuer's official or official body on behalf of the issuer may agree with custodian banks and financial intermediaries and nominees of any of them in connection with the establishment and maintenance by others of a central depository system for the transfer or pledge of registered public obligations. Any such custodian banks and financial intermediaries and nominees may, if qualified and acting as fiduciaries, also serve as authenticating agents, transfer agents, registrars, paying or other agents of the issuer with respect to the same issue of registered public obligations.
(c) Nothing shall preclude the issuer from itself performing, either alone or jointly with other issuers, any transfer, registration, authentication, payment or other function described in this section.
(P.A. 83-519, S. 7, 23; P.A. 06-196, S. 272.)
History: P.A. 06-196 made a technical change in Subsec. (a), effective June 7, 2006.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42b - Registered Obligations of Public Entities › Chapter 748 - Registered Public Obligations › Section 42b-8. - Costs of maintaining system of registration. Issuer may provide for its liability through agreements with others.

(a) An issuer, prior to or at original issuance of registered public obligations, may provide as a part of a system of registration that the transferor or transferee of the registered public obligations pay all or a designated part of the costs of the system as a condition precedent to transfer, that costs be paid out of proceeds of the registered public obligations or that both methods be used. The portion of the costs of the system not provided to be paid for by the transferor or transferee or out of proceeds shall be the liability of the issuer.
(b) The issuer may as a part of a system of registration provide for reimbursement or for satisfaction of its liability by payment by others. The issuer may enter into agreements with others respecting such reimbursement or payment, may establish fees and charges pursuant to such agreements or otherwise and may provide that the amount or estimated amount of such fees and charges shall be reimbursed or paid from the same sources and by means of the same collection and enforcement procedures and with the same priority and effect as with respect to the obligations.
(P.A. 83-519, S. 8, 23.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42b - Registered Obligations of Public Entities › Chapter 748 - Registered Public Obligations › Section 42b-9. - Obligations in registered form deemed to satisfy requirements as security for deposits required of public agencies.

Obligations issued by public entities under the laws of one or more states, territories, possessions or the District of Columbia, which are in registered form, whether or not represented by an instrument, and which, except for their form, satisfy the requirements with regard to security for deposits of moneys of public agencies prescribed pursuant to any laws of this state, shall be deemed to satisfy all such requirements even though they are in registered form if a security interest in such obligations is perfected on behalf of the public agencies whose moneys are so deposited.
(P.A. 83-519, S. 9, 23.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42b - Registered Obligations of Public Entities › Chapter 748 - Registered Public Obligations › Section 42b-10. - Records of ownership of or security interests in registered public obligations not subject to inspection under freedom of information laws.

(a) Records with regard to the ownership of or security interests in registered public obligations shall not be subject to inspection or copying under any law of this state relating to the right of the public to inspect or copy public records, including the Freedom of Information Act, as defined in section 1-200, notwithstanding any law to the contrary.
(b) Registration records of the issuer may be maintained at such locations within or without this state as the issuer or the official or official body on behalf of the issuer shall determine.
(P.A. 83-519, S. 10, 23; P.A. 97-47, S. 25.)
History: P.A. 97-47 amended Subsec. (a) by substituting “the Freedom of Information Act, as defined in Sec. 1-18a” for list of sections.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42b - Registered Obligations of Public Entities › Chapter 748 - Registered Public Obligations › Section 42b-11. - Effect of this chapter with respect to registered public obligations issued on or after July 7, 1983.

(a) Unless at any time prior to or at original issuance of a registered public obligation the official or official body of the issuer determines otherwise, this chapter shall be applicable to such registered public obligation notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary. When this chapter is applicable, no contrary provision shall apply.
(b) Nothing in this chapter shall limit or prevent the issuance of obligations in any other form or manner authorized by law.
(c) Unless determined otherwise pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, the provisions of this chapter shall be applicable with respect to obligations which have heretofore been approved by vote, referendum or hearing authorizing or permitting the authorization of obligations in bearer and registered form or in bearer form only or requiring that such obligations bear manual signatures or be in certain denominations and such obligations need not be resubmitted for a further vote, referendum or hearing, for the purpose of authorizing or permitting the authorization of registered public obligations pursuant to this chapter, notwithstanding any provisions of the general statutes, any special act or any charter to the contrary.
(P.A. 83-519, S. 11, 23.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42b - Registered Obligations of Public Entities › Chapter 748 - Registered Public Obligations › Section 42b-12. - This chapter to be construed in conjunction with the Uniform Commercial Code.

This chapter and sections 7-260, 7-273dd, 7-369, 7-373, 7-377a, 7-378 and 7-380 shall be construed in conjunction with title 42a and the principles of contract law relative to the registration and transfer of obligations.
(P.A. 83-519, S. 12, 23.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42b - Registered Obligations of Public Entities › Chapter 748 - Registered Public Obligations › Section 42b-13. - State covenant not to amend this chapter in any manner impairing federal income tax exemption for interest on registered public obligations.

The state hereby covenants with the owners of any registered public obligations that it will not amend or repeal this chapter if the effect may be to impair the exemption from income taxation of interest on registered public obligations.
(P.A. 83-519, S. 13, 23.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42b - Registered Obligations of Public Entities › Chapter 748 - Registered Public Obligations › Section 42b-14. - Severability clause.

If any provision or the application of any provision of this chapter shall be invalid, such shall not affect the validity of other provisions or other applications, it hereby being declared that the provisions or the applications of this chapter are separable and this chapter would have been enacted with the invalid provision omitted or without the invalid application in any event.
(P.A. 83-519, S. 14, 23.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 42b - Registered Obligations of Public Entities › Chapter 748 - Registered Public Obligations › Section 42b-15. - Bonds or other obligations issued by public entity may be consolidated in single issue if all have the same security.

Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, any special act, any charter, any bond ordinance, resolution or other authorization to the contrary, any bonds or other obligations authorized to be issued by a public entity may be consolidated as part of the same issue with any other bonds or other obligations of the public entity and may be sold and as a single issue, provided that: (1) The bonds and obligations of each issue shall be either general obligations of the public entity or secured in the same manner as all other bonds or obligations of such issue; and (2) a separate maturity schedule or sinking fund requirements, if any, shall be established by the public entity for each authorization of bonds or other obligations which is so consolidated.
(P.A. 83-519, S. 15, 23.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 43 - Weights and Measures › Chapter 750 - Weights and Measures › Section 43-1. - Definitions.

“Seal”, when used in statutory provisions relating to weights and measures, means a mark of identification which may, in the form of a stamped impression, paster, wafer or certificate, be attached to, or made a part of, any weighing or measuring instrument or device, by a sealer of weights and measures, as visible evidence that the device or instrument bearing such mark of identification has been legally tested, found correct and sealed by such sealer. “Tag”, when so used, with respect to weighing or measuring instruments or devices, means a mark, label, tag or certificate indicating that the instrument or device to which it is attached is defective and illegal for use.
(1949 Rev., S. 6774.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 43 - Weights and Measures › Chapter 750 - Weights and Measures › Section 43-2. - Standards of weights and measures.

The weights and measures received from the United States under a resolution of Congress approved June 14, 1836, and such new weights and measures as are received from the United States as standard weights and measures in addition thereto or in renewal thereof, and such as are supplied by the state in conformity therewith and certified by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, shall be the state standards, by which all municipal standards of weights and measures shall be tried, proved and sealed.
(1949 Rev., S. 6773; 1959, P.A. 152, S. 56; P.A. 90-125, S. 2.)
History: 1959 act deleted reference to county standards; P.A. 90-125 made technical change, substituting National Institute of Standards and Technology for National Bureau of Standards.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 43 - Weights and Measures › Chapter 750 - Weights and Measures › Section 43-3a. - Method of sale of commodities.

The Commissioner of Weights and Measures may issue as regulations those specifications, tolerances and regulations for the method of sale of commodities adopted by the National Conference on Weights and Measures set forth in the National Institute of Standards and Technology Handbook 130, as amended, of the United States Department of Commerce, and incorporate them by reference. Such rules, regulations, specifications and tolerances shall have the force and effect of law.
(P.A. 84-279, S. 1; P.A. 90-125, S. 4.)
History: P.A. 90-125 made technical change, substituting National Institute of Standards and Technology for National Bureau of Standards.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 43 - Weights and Measures › Chapter 750 - Weights and Measures › Section 43-3b. - Method of packaging and labeling.

The Commissioner of Weights and Measures shall adopt regulations in accordance with chapter 54 incorporating by reference the Uniform Packaging and Labeling Regulations, as adopted and as amended from time to time, by the National Conference on Weights and Measures and published in the National Institute of Standards and Technology Handbook 130, or subsequent corresponding handbook of the United States Department of Commerce.
(P.A. 95-332, S. 1.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 43 - Weights and Measures › Chapter 750 - Weights and Measures › Section 43-3c. - Package checking procedures.

The Commissioner of Weights and Measures shall adopt regulations in accordance with chapter 54 incorporating by reference the package checking procedures, as adopted and as amended from time to time, by the National Conference on Weights and Measures and published in the National Institute of Standards and Technology Handbook 133, or subsequent corresponding handbook of the United States Department of Commerce.
(P.A. 95-332, S. 2.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 43 - Weights and Measures › Chapter 750 - Weights and Measures › Section 43-4. - Chief executive municipal officers to procure complete set of standards.

The chief executive officer of each municipality required to appoint a sealer under the provisions of this chapter shall procure, at the expense of the municipality, and shall keep, at all times, a complete set of weights and measures and other apparatus, of such materials and construction as the Commissioner of Weights and Measures may direct. All such weights, measures and other apparatus, having been tried and accurately proven by said commissioner, shall be sealed and certified to by him and shall then be deposited with and preserved by the sealer as public standards for such municipality. Whenever any municipality neglects, for six months, to do so, the clerk or comptroller of such municipality, on notification and request by the Commissioner of Weights and Measures, shall provide such standards and cause the same to be tried, sealed and deposited, at the expense of the municipality.
(1949 Rev., S. 6748; 1959, P.A. 152, S. 58.)
History: 1959 act deleted references to counties and changed “city” to “municipality”.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 43 - Weights and Measures › Chapter 750 - Weights and Measures › Section 43-5. - County sealers of weights and measures.

Section 43-5 is repealed.
(1949 Rev., S. 6749; 1957, P.A. 76, S. 2; 1959, P.A. 152, S. 99.)