2023 CODE OF GEORGIA › Title 44 - PROPERTY (§§ 44-1-1 — 44-17-7) › Chapter 14 - MORTGAGES, CONVEYANCES TO SECURE DEBT, AND LIENS (§§ 44-14-1 — 44-14-613) › Article 1 - IN GENERAL (§§ 44-14-1 — 44-14-15) › Section 44-14-3 - Furnishing of cancellation by grantee or holder upon payment; liability for failure to comply; cancellation of instrument after failure to comply; liability of agents

(a)
As used in this Code section, the term:
(1)
"Account" means the loan, note, or other such agreement executed by the parties.
(2)
"Finance charge" means interest and other charges agreed to by the parties.
(3)
"Grantee" means heirs, devisees, executors, administrators, successors, transferees or assigns, and any servicing agent or any person or entity to whom indebtedness is paid on behalf of or by any grantor.
(4)
"Grantor" means heirs, devisees, executors, administrators, successors, transferees, or assigns.
(5)
"Instrument" means a deed to secure debt, a security instrument, a purchase money mortgage, a financing statement, a personalty mortgage, a loan contract, or other instrument executed in connection with any loan.
(6)
"Revolving loan account" means an arrangement between a lender and a debtor for the creation of debt pursuant to an agreement secured by an instrument and under which:
(A)
The lender may permit the debtor to create debt from time to time;
(B)
The unpaid balances of principal of such debt and the loan finance and other appropriate charges are debited to an account;
(C)
A loan finance charge is computed on the outstanding balances of the debtor's account from time to time;
(D)
The debtor agrees to repay the debt and accrued finance charges in accordance with the written agreement with the lender; and
(E)
The limitation on the maximum amount which the debtor is entitled to become indebted under said arrangement between the lender and debtor is stated on the face of the instrument, and said amount shall be deemed to be notice of the maximum amount secured by the instrument.
(b)
(1)
Whenever the indebtedness secured by any instrument is paid in full, the grantee or holder of the instrument, within 60 days of the date of the full payment, shall cause to be mailed to the grantor, at the grantor's last known address as shown on the records of the grantee or holder of the instrument, written notice of the grantee's or holder of the instrument's transmittal of notice of satisfaction or cancellation as required by this subsection and notice of the grantor's right to demand payment of $500.00 in liquidated damages from the grantee or holder of the instrument if such obligation is not timely met.
(2)
Whenever the indebtedness secured by any instrument is paid in full, the grantee or holder of the instrument, within 60 days of the date of the full payment, shall cause to be furnished to the clerk of the superior court of the county or counties in which the instrument is recorded a legally sufficient satisfaction or cancellation to authorize and direct the clerk or clerks to cancel the instrument of record. The grantee or holder of the instrument shall further direct the clerk of the court to transmit to the grantor the original cancellation or satisfaction document at the grantor's last known address as shown on the records of the grantee or holder of the instrument. In the case of a revolving loan account, the debt shall be considered to be "paid in full" only when the entire indebtedness including accrued finance charges has been paid and the lender or debtor has notified the other party to the agreement in writing that he or she wishes to terminate the agreement pursuant to its terms.
(3)
Notwithstanding paragraph (2) of this subsection, if an attorney at law remits the pay-off balance of an instrument to a grantee or holder of the instrument on behalf of a grantor, the grantee or holder of the instrument may direct the clerk of the court to transmit to such attorney the original cancellation or satisfaction document.
(4)
A grantee or holder of the instrument shall be authorized to add to the pay-off amount the costs of recording a cancellation or satisfaction of an instrument.
(c)
(1)
Upon the failure of the grantee or holder of the instrument to transmit a legally sufficient satisfaction or cancellation as required by subsection (b) of this Code section, the grantee or holder of the instrument shall be liable to the grantor for the sum of $500.00 as liquidated damages and such additional sums for any loss caused to the grantor, plus reasonable attorney's fees if the grantor makes a written demand for liquidated damages to the grantee or holder of the instrument before transmittal, but not less than 61 days after the instrument is paid in full, and prior to filing a civil action.
(2)
The grantee or holder of the instrument shall not be liable to the grantor if he or she demonstrates reasonable inability to comply with subsection (b) of this Code section; and the grantee or holder shall not be liable to the grantor unless and until a written demand for the liquidated damages as provided in subsection (b) of this Code section is made. No settlement agent or attorney may take an assignment of the right to the $500.00 in liquidated damages.
(3)
Except as provided in paragraph (1) of subsection (b) and paragraph (2) of subsection (c) of this Code section, no other provision of this Code section shall be construed so as to affect the obligation of the grantee or holder of the instrument to pay the liquidated damages provided for in this subsection.
(4)
At least 15 business days prior to filing a civil action to recover liquidated damages, the grantor shall provide notice in writing to the grantee or holder of the instrument at the address where the grantee or holder of the instrument directs payments to be mailed with respect to the indebtedness secured by the instrument or, if such address is not available, at the address of the grantee or holder of the instrument's registered agent for service of process in Georgia stating that the grantee or holder of the instrument:
(A)
Has failed to comply with the obligation required by this Code section;
(B)
Owes the grantor liquidated damages in the amount of $500.00; and
(C)
May be sued by the grantor for the failure to comply with the provisions of this Code section.
(5)
If the grantee or holder of the instrument fails to provide written notice to the grantor regarding the grantee's or holder of the instrument's obligation for transmittal as provided in paragraph (1) of subsection (b) of this Code section, the grantor may file a civil action at any time more than 60 days after the grantee's or holder of the instrument's receipt of full payment.
(c.1)
In the event that a grantee or holder of record has failed to transmit properly a legally sufficient satisfaction or cancellation to authorize and direct the clerk or clerks to cancel the instrument of record within 60 days after a written notice mailed to such grantee or holder of record by registered or certified mail or statutory overnight delivery, return receipt requested, the clerk or clerks are authorized and directed to cancel the instrument upon recording an affidavit by an attorney who has caused the secured indebtedness to be paid in full or by an officer of a regulated or chartered financial institution whose deposits are federally insured if that financial institution has paid the secured indebtedness in full. The notice to be mailed to the grantee or holder of record shall identify the indebtedness and include a recital or explanation of this subsection. The affidavit shall include a recital of actions taken to comply with this subsection. Such affidavit shall include as attachments the following items:
(1)
A written verification which was given at the time of payment by the grantee or holder of record of the amount necessary to pay off such loan; and
(2)
(A)
Copies of the front and back of a canceled check to the grantee or holder of record paying off such loan.
(B)
Confirmation of a wire transfer to the grantee or holder of record paying off such loan.
(C)
A bank receipt showing payment to the grantee or holder of record of such loan.
Any person who files an affidavit in accordance with this subsection which affidavit is fraudulent shall be guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than one year nor more than three years or by a fine of not less than $1,000.00 nor more than $5,000.00, or both.
(d)
In all cases, any servicing agent or any person or entity to whom the indebtedness is paid on behalf of any grantee shall be responsible for notifying the holder thereof upon payment in full and for securing the satisfaction or cancellation as provided in this Code section; and, upon failure to do so, the servicing agent or payee shall be subject to the same liability as provided in this Code section.
Amended by 2008 Ga. Laws 502,§ 1, eff. 5/12/2008.