reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 1 - CONSTRUCTION OF WORDS AND PHRASES (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-114) › Section 2-4-104 - Tense

Words in the present tense include the future tense.
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1422, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-104.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 1 - CONSTRUCTION OF WORDS AND PHRASES (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-114) › Section 2-4-105 - Week

The word "week" means any seven consecutive days.
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1422, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-105.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 1 - CONSTRUCTION OF WORDS AND PHRASES (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-114) › Section 2-4-106 - Month

The word "month" means a calendar month.
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1423, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-106.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 1 - CONSTRUCTION OF WORDS AND PHRASES (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-114) › Section 2-4-107 - Year

The word "year" means a calendar year.
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1423, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-107.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 1 - CONSTRUCTION OF WORDS AND PHRASES (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-114) › Section 2-4-108 - Computation of time

(1)
In computing a period of days, the first day is excluded and the last day is included.
(2)
If the last day of any period is a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday, the period is extended to include the next day which is not a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday.
(3)
If a number of months is to be computed by counting the months from a particular day, the period ends on the same numerical day in the concluding month as the day of the month from which the computation is begun, unless there are not that many days in the concluding month, in which case the period ends on the last day of that month.
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1423, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-108.
For provisions governing publication of legal notices and advertisements and the computation of time therefor, see part 1 of article 70 of title 24; for computation of time under the "Uniform Election Code of 1992", articles 1 to 13 of title 1, see § 1-1-106.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 1 - CONSTRUCTION OF WORDS AND PHRASES (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-114) › Section 2-4-110 - Joint authority

A grant of authority to three or more persons as a public body confers the authority upon a majority of the number of members fixed by statute.
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1423, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-110.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 1 - CONSTRUCTION OF WORDS AND PHRASES (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-114) › Section 2-4-111 - Quorum

A quorum of a public body is a majority of the number of members fixed by statute.
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1423, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-111.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 1 - CONSTRUCTION OF WORDS AND PHRASES (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-114) › Section 2-4-112 - Conflict in the expression of numbers

If there is a conflict between figures and words in expressing a number, the words govern.
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1423, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-112.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 1 - CONSTRUCTION OF WORDS AND PHRASES (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-114) › Section 2-4-113 - Use of "to" in reference to several sections

Wherever in the statutes of this state a reference is made to several sections and the section numbers given in the reference are connected by the word "to", the reference includes both sections whose numbers are given and all intervening sections.
L. 75: Entire section added, p. 205, § 1, effective July 16.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 1 - CONSTRUCTION OF WORDS AND PHRASES (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-114) › Section 2-4-114 - Introductory portion

The portion of any section, subsection, paragraph, or subparagraph which precedes a list of examples, requirements, conditions, or other items may be referred to and cited as the "introductory portion" to the section, subsection, paragraph, or subparagraph.
L. 75: Entire section added, p. 205, § 1, effective July 16.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 2 - CONSTRUCTION OF STATUTES (§§ 2-4-201 — 2-4-216) › Section 2-4-201 - Intentions in the enactment of statutes

(1)
In enacting a statute, it is presumed that:
(a)
Compliance with the constitutions of the state of Colorado and the United States is intended;
(b)
The entire statute is intended to be effective;
(c)
A just and reasonable result is intended;
(d)
A result feasible of execution is intended;
(e)
Public interest is favored over any private interest.
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1423, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-201.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 2 - CONSTRUCTION OF STATUTES (§§ 2-4-201 — 2-4-216) › Section 2-4-202 - Statutes presumed prospective

A statute is presumed to be prospective in its operation.
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1424, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-202.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 2 - CONSTRUCTION OF STATUTES (§§ 2-4-201 — 2-4-216) › Section 2-4-203 - Ambiguous statutes - aids in construction

(1)
If a statute is ambiguous, the court, in determining the intention of the general assembly, may consider among other matters:
(a)
The object sought to be attained;
(b)
The circumstances under which the statute was enacted;
(c)
The legislative history, if any;
(d)
The common law or former statutory provisions, including laws upon the same or similar subjects;
(e)
The consequences of a particular construction;
(f)
The administrative construction of the statute;
(g)
The legislative declaration or purpose.
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1424, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-203.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 2 - CONSTRUCTION OF STATUTES (§§ 2-4-201 — 2-4-216) › Section 2-4-204 - Severability of statutory provisions

If any provision of a statute is found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be unconstitutional, the remaining provisions of the statute are valid, unless it appears to the court that the valid provisions of the statute are so essentially and inseparably connected with, and so dependent upon, the void provision that it cannot be presumed the legislature would have enacted the valid provisions without the void one; or unless the court determines that the valid provisions, standing alone, are incomplete and are incapable of being executed in accordance with the legislative intent.
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1424, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-204.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 2 - CONSTRUCTION OF STATUTES (§§ 2-4-201 — 2-4-216) › Section 2-4-205 - Special or local provision prevails over general

If a general provision conflicts with a special or local provision, it shall be construed, if possible, so that effect is given to both. If the conflict between the provisions is irreconcilable, the special or local provision prevails as an exception to the general provision, unless the general provision is the later adoption and the manifest intent is that the general provision prevail.
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1424, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-205.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 2 - CONSTRUCTION OF STATUTES (§§ 2-4-201 — 2-4-216) › Section 2-4-206 - Irreconcilable statutes passed at the same or different sessions

If statutes enacted at the same or different sessions of the general assembly are irreconcilable, the statute prevails which is latest in its effective date. If the irreconcilable statutes have the same effective date, the statute prevails which is latest in its date of passage.
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1424, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-206.
For harmonization of amendments to the same statute, see § 2-4-301.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 2 - CONSTRUCTION OF STATUTES (§§ 2-4-201 — 2-4-216) › Section 2-4-207 - Original controls over subsequent printing

If the language of the official copy of a statute conflicts with the language of any subsequent printing or reprinting of the statute, the language of the official copy prevails.
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1424, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-207.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 2 - CONSTRUCTION OF STATUTES (§§ 2-4-201 — 2-4-216) › Section 2-4-208 - Continuation of prior law

A statute which is reenacted, revised, or amended is intended to be a continuation of the prior statute and not a new enactment, insofar as it is the same as the prior statute.
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1424, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-208.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 2 - CONSTRUCTION OF STATUTES (§§ 2-4-201 — 2-4-216) › Section 2-4-209 - Statutory references

A reference to any portion of a statute applies to all reenactments, revisions, or amendments thereof.
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1424, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-209.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 2 - CONSTRUCTION OF STATUTES (§§ 2-4-201 — 2-4-216) › Section 2-4-210 - [Repealed]

L. 73: R&RE, p. 1425, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-210. L. 93: Entire section repealed, p. 1771, § 20, effective June 6.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 2 - CONSTRUCTION OF STATUTES (§§ 2-4-201 — 2-4-216) › Section 2-4-211 - Common law of England

The common law of England so far as the same is applicable and of a general nature, and all acts and statutes of the British parliament, made in aid of or to supply the defects of the common law prior to the fourth year of James the First, excepting the second section of the sixth chapter of forty-third Elizabeth, the eighth chapter of thirteenth Elizabeth, and the ninth chapter of thirty-seventh Henry the Eighth, and which are of a general nature, and not local to that kingdom, shall be the rule of decision, and shall be considered as of full force until repealed by legislative authority.
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1425, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-211.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 2 - CONSTRUCTION OF STATUTES (§§ 2-4-201 — 2-4-216) › Section 2-4-212 - Liberal construction

All general provisions, terms, phrases, and expressions, used in any statute, shall be liberally construed, in order that the true intent and meaning of the general assembly may be fully carried out.
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1425, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-212.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 2 - CONSTRUCTION OF STATUTES (§§ 2-4-201 — 2-4-216) › Section 2-4-213 - Form of enacting clause

All acts of the general assembly of the state of Colorado shall be designated, known, and acknowledged in each such act of said state as follows: "Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Colorado".
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1425, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-213.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 2 - CONSTRUCTION OF STATUTES (§§ 2-4-201 — 2-4-216) › Section 2-4-214 - Use of relative and qualifying words and phrases

The general assembly hereby finds and declares that the rule of statutory construction expressed in the Colorado supreme court decision entitled
People v. McPherson
, 200 Colo. 429, 619 P.2d 38 (1980), which holds that ". . . relative and qualifying words and phrases, where no contrary intention appears, are construed to refer solely to the last antecedent with which they are closely connected . . ." has not been adopted by the general assembly and does not create any presumption of statutory intent.
L. 81: Entire section added, p. 347, § 1, effective May 18.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 2 - CONSTRUCTION OF STATUTES (§§ 2-4-201 — 2-4-216) › Section 2-4-215 - Each general assembly a separate entity - future general assemblies not bound by acts of previous general assemblies

(1)
The general assembly finds and declares, pursuant to the constitution of the state of Colorado, that each general assembly is a separate entity, and the acts of one general assembly are not binding on future general assemblies. Accordingly, no legislation passed by one general assembly requiring an appropriation shall bind future general assemblies.
(2)
Furthermore, the general assembly finds and declares that when a statute provides for the proration of amounts in the event appropriations are insufficient, the general assembly has not committed itself to any particular level of funding, does not create any rights in the ultimate recipients of such funding or in any political subdivision or agency which administers such funds, and clearly intends that the level of funding under such a statute is in the full and complete discretion of the general assembly.
L. 85: Entire section added, p. 289, § 1, effective June 11.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 2 - CONSTRUCTION OF STATUTES (§§ 2-4-201 — 2-4-216) › Section 2-4-216 - Limitations on statutory programs

(1)
When the general assembly creates statutory programs which are not required by federal law and which offer and provide services or assistance or both to persons in this state, the general assembly gives rise to a reasonable expectation that such services or assistance or both will be provided by the state in a manner consistent with the statutes which created the programs. However, the general assembly does not commit itself or the taxpayers of the state to the provision of a particular level of funding for such programs and does not create rights in the ultimate recipient to a particular level of service or assistance or both. The general assembly intends that the level of funding, and thus the level of service or assistance or both, shall be in the full and complete discretion of the general assembly, consistent with the statute which created the program.
(2)
In the statutes creating some of these programs, the general assembly expressly conditions any rights arising under such programs by the use of the words "within available appropriations" or "subject to available appropriations" or similar words of limitation. The purpose of the use of these words of limitation is to reaffirm the principles set forth in subsection (1) of this section.
(3)
At the time such a program is created, the general assembly appropriates funds for its implementation, taking into account many factors, including but not limited to the availability of revenues, the importance of the program, and needs of recipients when balanced with the needs of recipients under other state programs. The amount of the initial appropriation indicates a program's priority in relation to other state programs. The general assembly reasonably expects that the priority of the program will be subject to annual changes which will be reflected in the modification of the annual appropriation for the program. If the general assembly desires a substantive change in the program, or to eliminate the program, that can be accomplished by amendment of the statutory law which created the program.
(4)
It is the purpose of the general assembly, through the enactment of this section, to clarify that the rights, if any, created through the enactment of statutory programs are subject to substantial modification through the annual appropriation process, so long as the modification is consistent with the statute which created the program.
L. 89: Entire section added, p. 341, § 1, effective March 25.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 3 - AMENDATORY STATUTES (§§ 2-4-301 — 2-4-303) › Section 2-4-301 - Multiple amendments to the same provision - one without reference to the other

If amendments to the same statute are enacted at the same or different sessions of the general assembly and one amendment is without reference to another, the amendments are to be harmonized, if possible, so that effect may be given to each. If the amendments are irreconcilable, the amendment prevails which is latest in its effective date. If the irreconcilable statutes have the same effective date, the statute prevails which is latest in its date of passage.
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1425, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-301.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 3 - AMENDATORY STATUTES (§§ 2-4-301 — 2-4-303) › Section 2-4-302 - Repeal of a repealing statute

The repeal of a repealing statute does not revive the statute originally repealed.
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1425, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-302.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 3 - AMENDATORY STATUTES (§§ 2-4-301 — 2-4-303) › Section 2-4-303 - Penalties and liabilities not released by repeal

The repeal, revision, amendment, or consolidation of any statute or part of a statute or section or part of a section of any statute shall not have the effect to release, extinguish, alter, modify, or change in whole or in part any penalty, forfeiture, or liability, either civil or criminal, which shall have been incurred under such statute, unless the repealing, revising, amending, or consolidating act so expressly provides, and such statute or part of a statute or section or part of a section of a statute so repealed, amended, or revised shall be treated and held as still remaining in force for the purpose of sustaining any and all proper actions, suits, proceedings, and prosecutions, criminal as well as civil, for the enforcement of such penalty, forfeiture, or liability, as well as for the purpose of sustaining any judgment, decree, or order which can or may be rendered, entered, or made in such actions, suits, proceedings, or prosecutions imposing, inflicting, or declaring such penalty, forfeiture, or liability.
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1425, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-303.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 4 - Construction of Statutes (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-4-402) › Part 4 - DEFINITIONS (§§ 2-4-401 — 2-4-402) › Section 2-4-402 - Colorado Revised Statutes

Colorado Revised Statutes may be abbreviated and cited as "C.R.S.".
L. 73: R&RE, p. 1426, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-1-402. L. 83: Entire section amended, p. 377, § 1, effective July 1.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 5 - Colorado Revised Statutes (§§ 2-5-101 — 2-5-126) › Section 2-5-101 - Compilation of Colorado Revised Statutes

(1)
The revisor of statutes, referred to in this article as the "revisor", under the supervision and direction of the committee on legal services, referred to in this article as the "committee", shall compile, edit, arrange, and prepare for publication all laws of the state of Colorado of a general and permanent nature.
(2)
The statutes shall be arranged and collated into such code titles, articles, and sections, and under such a numbering system as the committee approves and directs. The committee shall designate the number of volumes to comprise a set of the statutes for purposes of this arrangement and collating.
(3)
The compilation of statutory laws and nonstatutory material provided for in this article, originally entitled "Colorado Revised Statutes 1973" and cited as "C.R.S. 1973", shall, on and after July 1, 1983, be entitled "Colorado Revised Statutes" and may be cited as "C.R.S.". Reference to individual sections of the statutes shall be cited substantially in the following manner: "Section
1-1-101
, C.R.S.". Unless the context otherwise requires, any reference to Colorado Revised Statutes 1973 or to C.R.S. 1973 shall be deemed to refer to Colorado Revised Statutes or to C.R.S.
L. 70: p. 364, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-6-1. L. 83: (1) and (3) amended, p. 377, § 2, effective July 1.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 5 - Colorado Revised Statutes (§§ 2-5-101 — 2-5-126) › Section 2-5-103 - Preparation of Colorado Revised Statutes

(1)
In compiling, editing, arranging, and preparing the statutes, the revisor, under the supervision and direction of the committee, shall:
(a)
Adopt a uniform system of punctuation, capitalization, and wording;
(b)
Eliminate all obsolete and redundant wording of laws;
(c)
Correct obvious errors and inconsistencies;
(d)
Correct inaccurate references to the titles of officers, departments, or other agencies of the state and to other statutes, and make such other name changes as are necessary to be consistent with the law currently in effect;
(e)
Eliminate any duplications in law and any laws repealed directly or by implication; and
(f)
Clarify existing laws, modernize terminology, and make such other nonsubstantive changes as the committee considers proper.
(2)
The revisor shall make no change in the substance of any statute but may make such changes in arrangement and terminology as will, in the judgment of the committee, improve the style and clarity of the laws, yet preserve the intent, effect, and meaning of each statutory provision.
(3)
The revisor, with the approval of the committee, may employ such additional professional and clerical staff, within limits of appropriations, as may be necessary for the preparation and publication of the statutes under this article. In addition, the committee may obtain, by contract, such technical and professional assistance as it deems advisable for the efficient and accurate preparation and publication of such statutes, including but not limited to preparation of annotations and indices.
L. 70: p. 365, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-6-3. L. 96: (3) amended, p. 1345, § 2, effective June 1.
For editorial work in the office of revisor of statutes, see § 2-3-703; for legislative construction not based on editorial matters, see § 2-5-113(4).
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 5 - Colorado Revised Statutes (§§ 2-5-101 — 2-5-126) › Section 2-5-104 - Revisor's bill

The revisor, under the supervision and direction of the committee, shall prepare and submit annually one or more bills containing amendments or repeals of obsolete, inoperative, imperfect, obscure, or doubtful laws as the revisor considers necessary to improve the clarity and certainty of the statutes as provided in section
2-5-103
.
Amended by 2022 Ch. 421,§9, eff. 8/10/2022.
L. 70: p. 365, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-6-4. L. 77: Entire section R&RE, p. 265, § 1, effective June 1.
2022 Ch. 421, was passed without a safety clause. See Colo. Const. art. V, § 1(3).
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 5 - Colorado Revised Statutes (§§ 2-5-101 — 2-5-126) › Section 2-5-105.5 - Publication - paper specification

(1)
A contract or extension of contract entered into after May 25, 2017, to publish or print the Colorado Revised Statutes pursuant to section
2-5-105
must specify that the paper used must meet the alkaline reserve minimum requirements and acidity levels for uncoated paper established by the American national standards institute and the national information standards organization (ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R2009)).
(2)
This provision does not affect any contract that is in effect on January 1, 2017.
Amended by 2017 Ch. 257, § 1, eff. 5/25/2017.
L. 90: Entire section added, p. 1260, § 1, effective 7/1/1991. L. 2017: Entire section amended, (SB 17-293), ch. 257, p. 1075, § 1, effective May 25.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 5 - Colorado Revised Statutes (§§ 2-5-101 — 2-5-126) › Section 2-5-106 - [Repealed]

L. 70: p. 366, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-6-6. L. 81: (2) amended, p. 1290, § 11, effective 1/1/1982. L. 83: Entire section repealed, p. 382, § 17, effective July 1.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 5 - Colorado Revised Statutes (§§ 2-5-101 — 2-5-126) › Section 2-5-107 - [Repealed]

L. 70: p. 366, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-6-7. L. 81: Entire section amended, p. 1290, § 12, effective 1/1/1982. L. 83: Entire section repealed, p. 382, § 17, effective July 1.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 5 - Colorado Revised Statutes (§§ 2-5-101 — 2-5-126) › Section 2-5-108 - [Repealed]

L. 70: p. 367, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-6-8. L. 83: Entire section repealed, p. 382, § 17, effective July 1.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 5 - Colorado Revised Statutes (§§ 2-5-101 — 2-5-126) › Section 2-5-109 - Contract approval and execution

Any publication contract entered into pursuant to section
2-5-105
and all proceedings included therein shall be approved by the attorney general as to legality and by the controller, acting as the designee of the governor, and executed by the chairman of the committee for and in behalf of the state.
L. 70: p. 367, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-6-9. L. 81: Entire section amended, p. 1290, § 13, effective 1/1/1982. L. 83: Entire section amended, p. 378, § 5, effective July 1. L. 91: Entire section amended, p. 1904, § 2, effective May 24.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 5 - Colorado Revised Statutes (§§ 2-5-101 — 2-5-126) › Section 2-5-110 - [Repealed]

L. 70: p. 367, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-6-10. L. 83: Entire section repealed, p. 382, § 17, effective July 1.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 5 - Colorado Revised Statutes (§§ 2-5-101 — 2-5-126) › Section 2-5-111 - Sale price to public

The methods and terms of sale of Colorado Revised Statutes, and ancillary publications thereto, to the public shall be included by the committee as an alternative specification and bid, and as a part of a contract let by bids authorized by this article.
L. 70: p. 367, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-6-11. L. 83: Entire section amended, p. 378, § 6, effective July 1. L. 91: Entire section amended, p. 1904, § 3, effective L. 96: Entire section amended, p. 1347, § 4, effective June 1.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 5 - Colorado Revised Statutes (§§ 2-5-101 — 2-5-126) › Section 2-5-112 - [Repealed]

L. 70: p. 367, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-6-12. L. 83: Entire section repealed, p. 382, § 17, effective July 1.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 5 - Colorado Revised Statutes (§§ 2-5-101 — 2-5-126) › Section 2-5-113 - Effect of enactment of Colorado Revised Statutes 1973 - legislative construction not based on editorial matters

(1)
Colorado Revised Statutes 1973 was enacted as a repeal and reenactment of Colorado Revised Statutes 1963 and the supplements thereto, as provided for in section
2-5-122
, as said section existed upon its repeal.
(2)
The effect of the enactment of the Colorado Revised Statutes 1973, as of its effective and operative date, shall be:
(a)
To repeal all statutes and parts of statutes of a general and permanent nature not contained in the Colorado Revised Statutes 1973;
(b)
To revive no law repealed or superseded before the effective and operative date of the Colorado Revised Statutes 1973;
(c)
To affect no act done, right accrued, or obligation incurred or imposed by law prior to that effective and operative date;
(d)
Neither to abate nor otherwise affect any action, suit, or proceeding pending on such effective and operative date;
(e)
To affect no penalty or forfeiture incurred before such effective and operative date, except that where a punishment, penalty, or forfeiture is mitigated by any provision of the Colorado Revised Statutes 1973, that mitigating provision shall apply to any judgment pronounced after that effective and operative date; and
(f)
To have no effect on the running or ending of a limitation or period of time prescribed for acquiring a right, barring a remedy, or for any other purpose, where the time limitation began to run before that effective and operative date and the same or a similar limitation is prescribed in Colorado Revised Statutes 1973.
(3)
The provisions of Colorado Revised Statutes 1973, insofar as they are the same in substantial intent, effect, and meaning as those of prior laws, shall be given effect as though a continuation of those laws and not as new enactments. If, however, any act set out in the prior laws and reenacted by Colorado Revised Statutes 1973 or any supplement thereto is alleged to have had a defective title when originally enacted, that defect is cured by enactment of the Colorado Revised Statutes 1973 or any supplement thereto.
(4)
The classification and arrangement by title, article, and numbering system of sections of Colorado Revised Statutes, as well as the section headings, source notes, annotations, revisor's notes, and other editorial material, shall be construed to form no part of the legislative text but to be only for the purpose of convenience, orderly arrangement, and information; therefore, no implication or presumption of a legislative construction is to be drawn therefrom.
L. 70: p. 367, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-6-13. L. 83: (1) and (4) amended, p. 378, § 7, effective July 1. L. 2005: (1) amended, p. 276, § 1, effective August 8.
For editorial work by the revisor of statutes, see § 2-3-703; for preparation of Colorado Revised Statutes, see § 2-5-103.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 5 - Colorado Revised Statutes (§§ 2-5-101 — 2-5-126) › Section 2-5-114 - [Repealed]

L. 70: p. 368, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-6-14. L. 83: Entire section repealed, p. 382, § 17, effective July 1.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 5 - Colorado Revised Statutes (§§ 2-5-101 — 2-5-126) › Section 2-5-115 - Copyright by state

Colorado Revised Statutes and ancillary publications thereto, as published, shall be the sole property of the state of Colorado as owner and publisher thereof. The committee, or its designee, may register a copyright for and in behalf of the state of Colorado in any and all original publications and editorial work ancillary to the Colorado Revised Statutes that are prepared by the general assembly or its staff. The committee shall use its best efforts to ensure that any federal copyright registered pursuant to this section is appropriately maintained. Any prior actions of the committee and the revisor in securing such federal copyright are hereby validated.
L. 70: p. 369, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-6-15. L. 83: Entire section amended, p. 379, § 8, effective July 1. L. 90: Entire section amended, p. 335, § 1, effective March 20. L. 96: Entire section amended, p. 1347, § 5, effective June 1. L. 2011: Entire section amended, (SB 11-261), ch. 205, p. 874, §1, effective May 23.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 5 - Colorado Revised Statutes (§§ 2-5-101 — 2-5-126) › Section 2-5-116 - Official list - designation and disposition of statutes

(1)
The revisor shall prepare for approval by the committee an official list of the state, district, county, and municipal officials and state boards, commissions, divisions, and agencies who shall receive for official use sets of Colorado Revised Statutes, including a sufficient number of volumes for exchange with other states and territories on a reciprocal basis.
(2)
The office of legislative legal services shall distribute such sets to the officials and agencies so listed, taking a receipt for each set so delivered.
(3)
All sets of volumes provided for official use shall remain the property of the state of Colorado for the use of the named officials and their successors, and shall bear such designation.
L. 70: p. 369, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-6-16. L. 75: (1) and (2) amended, p. 850, § 1, effective July 1. L. 83: (1) amended, p. 379, § 9, effective July 1. L. 88: (2) amended, p. 309, § 14, effective May 23. L. 96: Entire section amended, p. 1348, § 6, effective June 1.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 5 - Colorado Revised Statutes (§§ 2-5-101 — 2-5-126) › Section 2-5-117 - Softbound volumes - ancillary publications

(1)
Following the regular legislative session convening after January 1, 1997, the revisor, under the supervision and direction of the committee, shall annotate, arrange, and prepare for publication all laws of a general and permanent nature enacted at that session and at any special session intervening since the last preceding regular legislative session. Such laws shall be combined with the laws previously contained in the original hardbound volumes or replacement volumes and with the laws contained in the 1996 cumulative supplements for those volumes. Such combined laws shall be republished in accordance with this article in a fully annotated, softbound set of statutes.
(2)
After each regular legislative session convening after January 1, 1998, the preparation for publication shall be as a republication of the entire set of statutes in softbound format that combines newly enacted laws with those published in the preceding year.
(3)
Such softbound volumes, when, in like manner as is provided for enactment of Colorado Revised Statutes 1973, certified and reported to the general assembly by the committee, approved and enacted by the general assembly, published, and deposited with the secretary of state, shall be received, recognized, and referred to in like manner as Colorado Revised Statutes. Each year's set of softbound volumes shall become effective on the date specified in section
2-5-126(2)
.
(4)
The committee may issue such ancillary publications as it considers necessary or desirable in aid of the general use and purposes of Colorado Revised Statutes.
L. 70: p. 369, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-6-17. L. 79: (2) and (3) amended, p. 305, § 1, effective April 25. L. 81: (3) amended, p. 348, § 1, effective May 18. L. 83: (2) to (4) amended, p. 379, § 10, effective July 1. L. 96: Entire section amended, p. 1344, § 1, effective June 1. L. 2011: (3) amended, (SB 11-261), ch. 205, p. 874, §2, effective May 23.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 5 - Colorado Revised Statutes (§§ 2-5-101 — 2-5-126) › Section 2-5-119 - Tax levy on civil actions

A tax of one dollar is imposed upon each action filed in the office of each clerk of a court of record of the state of Colorado, except criminal actions, cases filed for reviews of findings and orders of the industrial claim appeals office, petitions relating to the distribution of estates under sections
15-12-1203
and
15-12-1204
, petitions relating to a person with a mental health disorder filed under articles
10.5
,
65
, and
92
of title
27
, cases filed by the state of Colorado, cases filed by the United States of America or any of its agencies in any matter under articles
10
to
20
of title
15
, and cases where a party is allowed to sue as a poor person. The party filing the action shall pay the tax to the clerk at the time of such filing. Each clerk shall keep the taxes received in a separate fund and remit them to the state treasurer on the first day of each month for the purpose of reimbursing the general fund for appropriations made for the use of the committee on legal services for statutory revision purposes.
Amended by 2017 Ch. 263,§ 31, eff. 5/25/2017.
Amended by 2015 Ch. 259,§ 4, eff. 8/5/2015.
L. 70: p. 370, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-6-19. L. 73: p. 1651, § 20. L. 83: Entire section amended, p. 380, § 12, effective July 1. L. 86: Entire section amended, p. 496, § 109, effective July 1. L. 2006: Entire section amended, p. 1394, § 30, effective August 7. L. 2015: Entire section amended, (SB 15-264), ch. 259, p. 941, § 4, effective August 5. L. 2017: Entire section amended, (SB 17-242), ch. 263, p. 1262, § 31, effective May 25.
For the legislative declaration in SB 17-242, see section 1 of chapter 263, Session Laws of Colorado 2017.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 5 - Colorado Revised Statutes (§§ 2-5-101 — 2-5-126) › Section 2-5-120 - [Repealed]

L. 73: p. 1417, § 99. C.R.S. 1963: § 135-6-20. L. 76: Entire section repealed, p. 297, § 9, effective May 20.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 5 - Colorado Revised Statutes (§§ 2-5-101 — 2-5-126) › Section 2-5-121 - [Repealed]

L. 74: Entire section added, p. 425, § 1, effective May 7. L. 83: (1) amended, p. 381, § 13, effective July 1. L. 2005: Entire section repealed, p. 276, § 2, effective August 8.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 5 - Colorado Revised Statutes (§§ 2-5-101 — 2-5-126) › Section 2-5-122 - [Repealed]

L. 74: Entire section added, p. 425, § 1, effective May 7. L. 2005: Entire section repealed, p. 277, § 3, effective August 8.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › STATUTES - CONSTRUCTION AND REVISION (§§ 2-4-101 — 2-5-126) › Article 5 - Colorado Revised Statutes (§§ 2-5-101 — 2-5-126) › Section 2-5-123 - [Repealed]

L. 74: Entire section added, p. 426, § 1, effective May 7. L. 83: Entire section amended, p. 381, § 14, effective July 1. L. 2005: Entire section repealed, p. 277, § 4, effective August 8.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › MISCELLANEOUS (§§ 2-6-101 — 2-7-205) › Article 6 - [Repealed] ECONOMIC IMPACT STATEMENTS (§ 2-6-101) › Section 2-6-101 - to 2-6-104 - [Repealed]

L. 95: Entire article repealed, p. 190, § 1, effective April 13.
This article was added in 1977.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › MISCELLANEOUS (§§ 2-6-101 — 2-7-205) › Article 7 - LEGISLATIVE OVERSIGHT OF PRINCIPAL DEPARTMENTS (§§ 2-7-101 — 2-7-205) › Part 1 - JOINT LEGISLATIVE OVERSIGHT COMMITTEES (§§ 2-7-101 — 2-7-104) › Section 2-7-101 - Legislative declaration

(1)
The general assembly hereby finds and declares that:
(a)
A multiplicity of powers, duties, and functions have been assigned to the executive branch of state government in accordance with law and have been undertaken by the executive branch on its own initiative or at the behest of the federal government;
(b)
Considerations such as avoidance of duplication, cost-effective service delivery, and efficient management of state government may have been overlooked in the assignment and undertaking of said powers, duties, and functions;
(c)
While the initial assignment or undertaking of powers, duties, and functions may be reasonable, the assignment or undertaking may become obsolete because of changes in the nature of the problem sought to be solved or because of the passage of time;
(d)
The interests of cost-effective and expedited delivery of services, avoidance of excessive tax burdens, and better government would be served by regular analytical review of the powers, duties, and functions of executive agencies by the general assembly for the purpose of determining whether there is a public need for continued existence of such powers, duties, and functions and whether the public need would be better served by the elimination, reassignment, or expansion of said powers, duties, and functions.
L. 79: Entire article added, p. 307, § 1, effective June 15.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 2 - LEGISLATIVE (§§ 2-1-100.5 — 2-7-205) › MISCELLANEOUS (§§ 2-6-101 — 2-7-205) › Article 7 - LEGISLATIVE OVERSIGHT OF PRINCIPAL DEPARTMENTS (§§ 2-7-101 — 2-7-205) › Part 1 - JOINT LEGISLATIVE OVERSIGHT COMMITTEES (§§ 2-7-101 — 2-7-104) › Section 2-7-102 - Assignment of departments for review - all principal departments subject to legislative oversight - composition of joint legislative oversight committees

(1)
Beginning in 1980, a general assembly during its second regular session shall designate at least three principal departments for study by joint legislative oversight committees during the interim following the first regular session of the next general assembly. Each of the twenty principal departments shall be studied in this manner at least once before January 1, 1994. A joint legislative oversight committee may be assigned more than one principal department during each interim period.
(2)
The legislative audit committee shall cause to be conducted a performance audit of each principal department designated by a general assembly during its second regular session for legislative oversight which audit shall be completed on or before the adjournment of the first regular session of the next general assembly. In conducting the audit, the legislative audit committee shall take into consideration, but not be limited to considering, the factors listed in section
2-7-103(1)
. An audit of a principal department shall be forwarded to the joint legislative oversight committee which is to study said principal department.
(3)
During the first regular session of the next general assembly, the president of the senate and the speaker of the house of representatives shall designate the appropriate joint committee of reference as the joint legislative oversight committee for a particular principal department and shall appoint the members of the joint legislative committee from among the members of the committee of reference in each house.
L. 79: Entire article added, p. 308, § 1, effective June 15.