reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-81c. - Sexual orientation discrimination: Employment.

It shall be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section: (1) For an employer, by himself or his agent, except in the case of a bona fide occupational qualification or need, to refuse to hire or employ or to bar or to discharge from employment any individual or to discriminate against him in compensation or in terms, conditions or privileges of employment because of the individual's sexual orientation or civil union status, (2) for any employment agency, except in the case of a bona fide occupational qualification or need, to fail or refuse to classify properly or refer for employment or otherwise to discriminate against any individual because of the individual's sexual orientation or civil union status, (3) for a labor organization, because of the sexual orientation or civil union status of any individual to exclude from full membership rights or to expel from its membership such individual or to discriminate in any way against any of its members or against any employer or any individual employed by an employer, unless such action is based on a bona fide occupational qualification, or (4) for any person, employer, employment agency or labor organization, except in the case of a bona fide occupational qualification or need, to advertise employment opportunities in such a manner as to restrict such employment so as to discriminate against individuals because of their sexual orientation or civil union status.
(P.A. 91-58, S. 3; P.A. 07-245, S. 3.)
History: P.A. 07-245 added references to “civil union status”, effective July 10, 2007.
Cited. 226 C. 670; 232 C. 91; 236 C. 96; Id., 453. The phrase “terms, conditions or privileges of employment” in Subdiv. (1) constitutes a term of art in antidiscrimination law, with a fixed legal meaning, and legislature's use of phrase evidences its intent to permit hostile work environment claims by employees who are subject to sexual orientation discrimination; it is proper to look at Sec. 46a-60(a)(1) when interpreting Subdiv. (1) of this section. 304 C. 679.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-81d. - Sexual orientation discrimination: Public accommodations.

(a) It shall be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section: (1) To deny any person within the jurisdiction of this state full and equal accommodations in any place of public accommodation, resort or amusement because of such person's sexual orientation or civil union status, subject only to the conditions and limitations established by law and applicable alike to all persons; or (2) to discriminate, segregate or separate on account of sexual orientation or civil union status.
(b) Any person who violates any provision of this section shall be guilty of a class D misdemeanor.
(P.A. 91-58, S. 4; P.A. 07-217, S. 170; 07-245, S. 4; P.A. 12-80, S. 96.)
History: P.A. 07-217 made technical changes in Subsec. (b), effective July 12, 2007; P.A. 07-245 amended Subsec. (a) to add references to “civil union status”, effective July 10, 2007; P.A. 12-80 amended Subsec. (b) to replace penalty of a fine of not less than $25 or more than $100 or imprisonment of not more than 30 days or both with a class D misdemeanor.
Cited. 232 C. 91; 236 C. 453.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-81f. - Sexual orientation discrimination: Credit practices.

(a) It shall be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section for any creditor to discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation or civil union status, against any person eighteen years of age or over in any credit transaction.
(b) No liability may be imposed under this section for an act done or omitted in conformity with a regulation or declaratory ruling of the Banking Commissioner, the Federal Reserve Board, the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection or any other governmental agency having jurisdiction under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, notwithstanding that after the act or omission the regulation or declaratory ruling may be amended, repealed or determined to be invalid for any reason.
(P.A. 91-58, S. 6; P.A. 03-84, S. 35; P.A. 07-245, S. 6; P.A. 11-110, S. 18.)
History: P.A. 03-84 changed “Commissioner of Banking” to “Banking Commissioner” in Subsec. (b), effective June 3, 2003; P.A. 07-245 amended Subsec. (a) to add reference to “civil union status”, effective July 10, 2007; P.A. 11-110 added reference to Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, effective July 21, 2011.
Cited. 232 C. 91; 236 C. 453.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-81g. - Sexual orientation discrimination: State practices.

It shall be a discriminatory practice to violate any of the provisions of sections 46a-81h to 46a-81n, inclusive.
(P.A. 91-58, S. 7.)
Cited. 236 C. 453.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-81h. - Sexual orientation discrimination: Equal employment in state agencies.

(a) State officials and supervisory personnel shall recruit, appoint, assign, train, evaluate and promote state personnel on the basis of merit and qualifications, without regard for sexual orientation.
(b) All state agencies shall promulgate written directives to carry out this policy and to guarantee equal employment opportunities at all levels of state government. They shall regularly review their personnel practices to assure compliance.
(c) All state agencies shall conduct continuing orientation and training programs with emphasis on human relations and nondiscriminatory employment practices.
(d) The Commissioner of Administrative Services shall insure that the entire examination process, including qualifications appraisal, is free from bias.
(P.A. 91-58, S. 8.)
Cited. 236 C. 453.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-81i. - Sexual orientation discrimination: Services of state agencies.

(a) All services of every state agency shall be performed without discrimination based upon sexual orientation.
(b) No state facility may be used in the furtherance of any discrimination, nor may any state agency become a party to any agreement, arrangement or plan which has the effect of sanctioning discrimination.
(c) Each state agency shall analyze all of its operations to ascertain possible instances of noncompliance with the policy of sections 46a-81h to 46a-81n, inclusive, and shall initiate comprehensive programs to remedy any defect found to exist.
(d) Every state contract or subcontract for construction on public buildings or for other public work or for goods and services shall conform to the intent of section 4a-60a.
(P.A. 91-58, S. 9.)
Cited. 236 C. 453.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-81j. - Sexual orientation discrimination: Job recruitment and placement services provided by state agencies.

(a) All state agencies, including educational institutions, which provide employment referrals or placement services to public or private employers, shall accept job orders on a nondiscriminatory basis.
(b) Any job request indicating an intention to exclude any person because of sexual orientation shall be rejected.
(c) All state agencies shall cooperate in programs developed by the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities initiated for the purpose of broadening the base for job recruitment and shall further cooperate with all employers and unions providing such programs.
(d) The Labor Department shall encourage and enforce employers and labor unions to comply with the policy of sections 46a-81h to 46a-81n, inclusive, and promote equal employment opportunities.
(P.A. 91-58, S. 10.)
Cited. 236 C. 453. Gay rights law cited. Id.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-81k. - Sexual orientation discrimination: Licensing practices of state agencies.

(a) No state department, board or agency may grant, deny or revoke the license or charter of any person on the grounds of sexual orientation.
(b) Each state agency shall take such appropriate action in the exercise of its licensing or regulatory power as will assure equal treatment of all persons and eliminate discrimination and enforce compliance with the policy of sections 46a-81h to 46a-81n, inclusive.
(P.A. 91-58, S. 11.)
Cited. 236 C. 453.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-81l. - Sexual orientation discrimination: State agencies not to permit in professional or occupational associations, public accommodations or housing.

No state department, board or agency may permit any discriminatory practice in violation of section 46a-81b, 46a-81d or 46a-81e.
(P.A. 91-58, S. 12.)
Cited. 236 C. 453.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-81m. - Sexual orientation discrimination: Educational and vocational programs of state agencies.

All educational, counseling, and vocational guidance programs and all apprenticeship and on-the-job training programs of state agencies, or in which state agencies participate, shall be open to all qualified persons, without regard to sexual orientation.
(P.A. 91-58, S. 13.)
Cited. 236 C. 453.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-81n. - Sexual orientation discrimination: Allocation of state benefits.

(a) Sexual orientation shall not be considered as a limiting factor in state-administered programs involving the distribution of funds to qualify applicants for benefits authorized by law.
(b) No state agency may provide grants, loans or other financial assistance to public agencies, private institutions or organizations which discriminate, unless exempted as provided in section 46a-81p.
(P.A. 91-58, S. 14.)
Cited. 236 C. 453.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-81o. - Sexual orientation discrimination: Reports to Governor by state agencies.

(a) All departments, agencies, commissions and other bodies of the state government shall include in their annual report to the Governor, activities undertaken in the past year to effectuate sections 46a-81h to 46a-81n, inclusive.
(b) Such reports shall cover both internal activities and external relations with the public or with other state agencies and shall contain other information as specifically requested by the Governor.
(c) The information in the annual reports required under the provisions of this section shall be reviewed by the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities for the purpose of monitoring compliance with the provisions of sections 46a-81h to 46a-81n, inclusive.
(P.A. 91-58, S. 15.)
Cited. 236 C. 453.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-81p. - Sexual orientation discrimination: Religious organizations.

The provisions of sections 4a-60a and 46a-81a to 46a-81o, inclusive, shall not apply to a religious corporation, entity, association, educational institution or society with respect to the employment of individuals to perform work connected with the carrying on by such corporation, entity, association, educational institution or society of its activities, or with respect to matters of discipline, faith, internal organization or ecclesiastical rule, custom or law which are established by such corporation, entity, association, educational institution or society.
(P.A. 91-58, S. 17.)
Cited. 236 C. 453.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-81q. - Sexual orientation discrimination: ROTC programs.

The provisions of sections 4a-60a and 46a-81a to 46a-81o, inclusive, shall not apply to the conduct and administration of a ROTC program established and maintained pursuant to 10 USC Sections 2101 to 2111, inclusive, as amended from time to time, and the regulations thereunder, at an institution of higher education. For purposes of this section, “ROTC” means the Reserve Officers' Training Corps.
(P.A. 91-58, S. 19.)
Cited. 236 C. 453.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-81r. - Sexual orientation discrimination: Construction of statutes.

Section 46a-81r is repealed, effective April 23, 2009.
(P.A. 91-58, S. 36; P.A. 07-142, S. 4; P.A. 09-13, S. 20.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-74. (Formerly Sec. 4-61g). *(See end of section for a - State agencies not to permit discriminatory practices in professional or occupational associations, public accommodations or housing.

No state department, board or agency may permit any discriminatory practice in violation of section 46a-59, 46a-64 or 46a-64c.
(1969, P.A. 790, S. 6; P.A. 80-422, S. 22; P.A. 90-246, S. 8.)
*Note: On and after January 1, 2023, this section, as amended by section 29 of public act 21-32, is to read as follows:
“Sec. 46a-74. (Formerly Sec. 4-61g). State agencies not to permit discriminatory practices in professional or occupational associations, public accommodations or housing or on basis of erased criminal records information. No state department, board or agency may permit any discriminatory practice in violation of section 46a-59, 46a-64, 46a-64c, 46a-80b to 46a-80e, inclusive, or 46a-80k to 46a-80m, inclusive.”
(1969, P.A. 790, S. 6; P.A. 80-422, S. 22; P.A. 90-246, S. 8; P.A. 21-32, S. 29.)
History: P.A. 80-422 rephrased section; Sec. 4-61g transferred to Sec. 46a-74 in 1981; P.A. 90-246 deleted reference to the Public Accommodations Act and substituted reference to Sec. 49a-59, 46a-64 or 46a-64c; P.A. 21-32 added references to Secs. 46a-80b, 46a-80c, 46a-80d, 46a-80e, 46a-80k, 46a-80
l
and 46a-80m, effective January 1, 2023.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-79. (Formerly Sec. 4-61n). *(See end of section for a - State policy re employment of criminal offenders.

The General Assembly finds that the public is best protected when criminal offenders are rehabilitated and returned to society prepared to take their places as productive citizens and that the ability of returned offenders to find meaningful employment is directly related to their normal functioning in the community. It is therefore the policy of this state to encourage all employers to give favorable consideration to providing jobs to qualified individuals, including those who may have criminal conviction records.
(P.A. 73-347, S. 1, 7; P.A. 80-422, S. 27.)
*Note: On and after January 1, 2023, this section, as amended by section 30 of public act 21-32, is to read as follows:
“Sec. 46a-79. (Formerly Sec. 4-61n). State police re employment of criminal offenders. The General Assembly finds that the public is best protected when criminal offenders are rehabilitated and returned to society prepared to take their places as productive citizens and that the ability of returned offenders to find meaningful employment is directly related to their normal functioning in the community. It is therefore the policy of this state to encourage all employers to give favorable consideration to providing jobs to qualified individuals, including those who may have conviction information, as defined in section 54-142g. Nothing in this section shall be construed to permit any employer to refuse to hire or employ or to bar or to discharge from employment or to discriminate against an individual in compensation or in terms on the basis of that person's erased criminal history record information, as defined in section 46a-80a.”
(P.A. 73-347, S. 1, 7; P.A. 80-422, S. 27; P.A. 21-32, S. 30.)
History: P.A. 80-422 substituted “therefore” for “therefor”; Sec. 4-61n transferred to Sec. 46a-79 in 1981; P.A. 21-32 replaced reference to criminal conviction records with reference to conviction information and added prohibition on construing section to permit employer to refuse to hire or employ or to bar or to discharge from employment or discriminate against an individual based on erased criminal history record information, effective January 1, 2023.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-81. (Formerly Sec. 4-61r). *(See end of section for a - Statutes controlling law enforcement agencies excepted.

*(a) Except as provided in section 36a-489, the provisions of sections 46a-79 to 46a-81, inclusive, shall prevail over any other provisions of law which purport to govern the denial of licenses, permits, certificates, registrations, or other means to engage in an occupation, trade, vocation, business or profession, on the grounds of a lack of good moral character, or which purport to govern the suspension or revocation of a license, permit, certificate or registration on the grounds of conviction of a crime.
(b) Sections 46a-79 to 46a-81, inclusive, shall not be applicable to any law enforcement agency, provided nothing herein shall be construed to preclude a law enforcement agency in its discretion from adopting the policy set forth in said sections.
(P.A. 73-347, S. 6, 7; P.A. 80-422, S. 29; P.A. 09-209, S. 25.)
*Note: On and after January 1, 2023, subsection (a) of this section, as amended by section 32 of public act 21-32, is to read as follows:
“(a) Except as provided in section 36a-489, the provisions of sections 46a-79 to 46a-81, inclusive, shall prevail over any other provisions of law which purport to govern the denial of licenses, permits, certificates, registrations, or other means to engage in an occupation, trade, vocation, business or profession, on the grounds of a lack of good moral character, or which purport to govern the suspension or revocation of a license, permit, certificate or registration on the grounds of conviction information, as defined in section 54-142g.”
(P.A. 73-347, S. 6, 7; P.A. 80-422, S. 29; P.A. 09-209, S. 25; P.A. 21-32, S. 32.)
History: P.A. 80-422 made minor changes in wording and added Subsec. (b) re applicability of Secs. 4-61n, 4-61o and 4-61r to law enforcement agencies; Sec. 4-61r transferred to Sec. 46a-81 in 1981 and internal section references changed as necessary to reflect their transfer; P.A. 09-209 amended Subsec. (a) by adding exception for Sec. 36a-489; P.A. 21-32 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing reference to conviction of crime with reference to conviction information, effective January 1, 2023.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-82a. - Resolution for complaints pending on January 1, 1990.

Any complaint filed pursuant to section 46a-82 and pending on January 1, 1990, shall be resolved not later than July 1, 1992, pursuant to sections 46a-82 to 46a-96, inclusive, of the general statutes, revision of 1958, revised to January 1, 1989.
(P.A. 89-332, S. 6, 7; P.A. 90-330, S. 1, 11.)
History: P.A. 90-330 amended section to change date of resolution of complaints from July 1, 1991, to July 1, 1992.
Cited. 236 C. 681.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-82b. - Jurisdiction over complaints filed on or before January 1, 1996. Release of complaint if failure to issue determination re reasonable cause not later than January 1, 1997.

(a) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes to the contrary, the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities shall have jurisdiction over any complaint filed pursuant to section 46a-82 on or before January 1, 1996, which has not been finally adjudicated or resolved by action of the commission, that the commission would have had jurisdiction over but for the failure of the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities to comply with the time requirements of chapter 814c.
(b) If the commission fails to issue a determination of reasonable cause or no reasonable cause on any such complaint not later than January 1, 1997, the executive director of the commission shall issue forthwith a release of the complaint from the commission, allowing the complainant to bring a civil action. Upon receipt of a release pursuant to this section, the complainant may bring a civil action in accordance with the provisions of sections 46a-100, 46a-101, 46a-103 and 46a-104, notwithstanding the statute of limitations pursuant to section 46a-102.
(P.A. 96-241, S. 1, 7.)
History: P.A. 96-241 effective June 6, 1996.
P.A. 96-241 intends that commission be provided with authority to proceed on all complaints in which it had not complied with deadlines set forth in Secs. 46a-83(b) and 46a-84(b); P.A. 96-241 affects only choice of forum and does not affect substantive rights to a claim or defense. 248 C. 392.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-82c. - Jurisdiction over complaints filed after January 1, 1996. Compliance with time requirements by June 30, 1996. Review time tolled if answer not timely received.

(a) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes to the contrary, the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities shall have jurisdiction over any complaint filed pursuant to section 46a-82 after January 1, 1996, that the commission would have had but for the failure of the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities to comply with the time requirements of section 46a-83 provided the commission takes action to comply with such time requirements with respect to such complaints not later than June 30, 1996.
(b) The time frame contained in subsection (c) of section 46a-83 to conduct a case assessment review shall be tolled if an answer is not timely received from the date the respondent's answer is due pursuant to subsection (a) of section 46a-83 until the date the answer is actually received by the commission.
(P.A. 96-241, S. 2, 7; P.A. 11-237, S. 3; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 86.)
History: P.A. 96-241 effective June 6, 1996; P.A. 11-237 amended Subsec. (b) by adding “merit assessment” and deleting “of the file” re review; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 amended Subsec. (b) by replacing reference to Sec. 46a-83(b) with reference to Sec. 46a-83(c) and substituting “case assessment” for “merit assessment”.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-82d. - Validation of actions filed on or before January 1, 1996, in which final judgment not entered. Petition to reopen action on or before October 1, 1996.

(a) Any action filed pursuant to section 46a-94a, 46a-95 or 4-183 concerning a complaint filed pursuant to section 46a-82 on or before January 1, 1996, in which a final judgment has not been entered prior to June 6, 1996, otherwise valid except for the failure of the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities to comply with the time requirements of chapter 814c is validated.
(b) If any action filed pursuant to section 46a-94a, 46a-95 or 4-183 concerning a complaint filed pursuant to section 46a-82 on or before January 1, 1996, has failed to be tried on its merits because the action has been dismissed by the Superior Court for want of jurisdiction due to the failure of the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities to comply with the time requirements of chapter 814c, a party to the action may, on or before October 1, 1996, petition the court to reopen such action. The court shall set aside the judgment and reinstate the case on the docket.
(P.A. 96-241, S. 3, 7.)
History: P.A. 96-241 effective June 6, 1996.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-83a. - Dismissal of complaint for failure to accept full relief. Release of jurisdiction.

If a complaint is dismissed for failure to accept full relief pursuant to subsection (m) of section 46a-83, and the complainant does not request reconsideration of such dismissal as provided in subsection (h) of section 46a-83, the executive director shall issue a release of jurisdiction and the complainant may, within ninety days of receipt of the release from the commission, bring an action in accordance with sections 46a-100 and 46a-102 to 46a-104, inclusive.
(P.A. 94-238, S. 3, 6; P.A. 98-245, S. 3, 14; P.A. 01-95, S. 1, 4; P.A. 06-196, S. 217; P.A. 11-237, S. 7; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 76.)
History: P.A. 94-238 effective July 1, 1994 (Revisor's note: In 1995 an incorrect reference to Sec. 4-181 was changed editorially by the Revisors to Sec. 4-183); P.A. 98-245 added provisions that complaint may be dismissed for failure to accept full relief and if complainant does not request reconsideration, the executive director shall issue a release and complainant may bring an action within 90 days of receipt of release, effective July 1, 1998, and applicable to all cases pending with the commission or in the courts and cases filed on or after said date; P.A. 01-95 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (a) and added Subsec. (b) re reconsideration requests by the complainant and time limitations for complainant to request a release from the commission and to bring an action, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 06-196 made technical changes in Subsec. (a), effective June 7, 2006; P.A. 11-237 deleted former Subsec. (b) re issue of release and amended remaining provisions by deleting Subsec. (a) designator, replacing “a complaint is dismissed” with Subdivs. (1), (2) and (3) re release, reinstatement and dismissal, replacing reference to Sec. 46a-83(e) with reference to Sec. 46a-83(f) and deleting “of the commission” re executive director; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 deleted former Subdivs. (1) and (2) re request for release of jurisdiction and denial of reinstatement of complaint, deleted Subdiv. (3) designator, replaced reference to Sec. 46a-83(c) with reference to Sec. 46a-83(m), replaced reference to Sec. 46a-83(f) with reference to Sec. 46a-83(h) and substituted “release of jurisdiction” for “release” re dismissal of complaint for failure to accept full relief.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-83b. - Alternative dispute resolution. Procedure. Binding arbitration. Voluntary mediation. Costs. Regulations.

(a) After the filing of a discriminatory employment practice complaint, the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities shall advise the complainant and the respondent of the availability of alternate dispute resolution, including but not limited to, voluntary mediation or binding arbitration.
(b) If both parties agree to enter into alternate dispute resolution, they shall file with the commission a signed agreement stating (1) their intention to utilize alternate dispute resolution, (2) the type of alternate dispute resolution they intend to use and (3) the name of the alternate dispute resolution service provider or company. If the parties have agreed to submit the complaint to binding arbitration, the complainant shall attach a signed withdrawal of the complaint with prejudice.
(c) Within ten days of the receipt of the signed agreement to submit the complaint to binding arbitration and of the withdrawal, the commission shall notify the parties of its agreement to accept such arbitration or of its intention to pursue the complaint for public policy reasons. Upon the completion of the arbitration proceedings, the commission shall accept the withdrawal by the complainant and dismiss the complaint.
(d) Within ten days of receipt of a signed agreement to submit the complaint to voluntary mediation, the commission shall notify the parties of its suspension of processing of the complaint for no more than three months to allow the parties to pursue voluntary mediation or of its intention to pursue the complaint for public policy reasons.
(e) The costs of alternate dispute resolution shall be borne by the complainant or the respondent or both and not by the commission.
(f) The commission may adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, to implement this section and to establish procedures and standards for alternate dispute resolution.
(P.A. 94-113, S. 1, 2; P.A. 03-143, S. 1.)
History: P.A. 94-113 effective May 25, 1994; P.A. 03-143 amended Subsec. (f) by changing “shall” to “may” and making technical changes.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-85. - Complaint: Effect of arbitration proceeding.

(a) The submission of a claim to the arbitration process shall not bar a person from filing a complaint under this chapter.
(b) The commission and the presiding officer may admit in evidence any decision resulting from such arbitration and accord it the weight appropriate under the facts and circumstances of the case.
(P.A. 80-422, S. 33; P.A. 88-317, S. 101, 107.)
History: P.A. 88-317 substituted “presiding officer” for “hearing officer” in Subsec. (b), effective July 1, 1989, and applicable to all agency proceedings commencing on or after that date.
Cited. 3 CA 464.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-86a. - Notice of any action or proceeding concerning complaint.

The Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities shall inform the complainant and the respondent of any finding, closure, dismissal or other determination or proceeding concerning the complaint filed by such complainant by first class mail, facsimile machine, electronic mail or a file transfer protocol site.
(P.A. 94-238, S. 5, 6; P.A. 11-237, S. 10.)
History: P.A. 94-238 effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 11-237 made a technical change, added the respondent as a party to whom commission shall inform of determinations and proceedings and replaced “mail” with “first class mail, facsimile machine, electronic mail or a file transfer protocol site”.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-87. - Enforcement of subpoena.

(a) Contumacy or refusal to obey subpoena issued pursuant to this chapter shall constitute contempt punishable, upon the application of the authority issuing such subpoena, by the Superior Court for the judicial district in which the hearing is held or in which the witness resides or transacts business.
(b) No person may be excused from attending and testifying or from producing records, correspondence, documents or other evidence in obedience to subpoena, on the ground that the testimony or evidence required of him may tend to incriminate him or subject him to a penalty or forfeiture, but no person may be prosecuted or subjected to any penalty or forfeiture for or on account of any transaction, matter or thing concerning which he is compelled, after having claimed his privilege against self-incrimination, to testify or produce evidence, except that such person so testifying shall not be exempt from prosecution and punishment for perjury committed in so testifying. The immunity herein provided shall extend only to natural persons so compelled to testify.
(P.A. 80-422, S. 35.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-88. - Enforcement of interrogatories.

(a) Upon failure of any person to answer interrogatories issued pursuant to subsection (11) of section 46a-54, the commission may file a petition with the interrogatories attached with the Superior Court of the judicial district in which the violation is alleged to have occurred or where such person resides or transacts business, requesting the court to order that an answer be filed.
(b) The commission shall cause a copy of the petition provided for in subsection (a) of this section to be sent by registered or certified mail to the person from whom such answers are sought or his legal representative.
(c) The court shall assume jurisdiction over the proceedings provided for in this section and may, after hearing, or in the absence of objection, enter an order which it deems appropriate.
(d) The proceedings provided for in this section shall conform to the rules of practice of the Superior Court.
(P.A. 80-422, S. 36.)
History: (Revisor's note: In 1993 a reference in Subsec. (a) to “subsection (10) of section 46a-54” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “subsection (11) of section 46a-54” to reflect the renumbering of Sec. 46a-54 by P.A. 89-332, S. 2 in 1991).
Cited. 202 C. 601; Id., 609; 211 C. 129.
Cited. 18 CA 126.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-89a. - Granting of temporary injunction re discriminatory employment practice or discriminatory practice in sale or rental of residential or commercial property.

(a) The court, or any judge of the court when such court is not actually in session, may grant an injunction forthwith, if the circumstances of the case demand it, or the court or judge may cause immediate notice of the petition to be given to the adverse party, that he may show cause why such injunction should not be granted; but no temporary injunction may be granted without notice to the adverse party unless it clearly appears from the specific facts shown by affidavit or by verified complaint that irreparable loss or damage will result to the complainant before the matter can be heard.
(b) The court, or any judge thereof, after hearing, shall issue a temporary injunction upon a finding that irreparable loss or damage will result to the complainant in that (1) there is a substantial probability of loss of meaningful relief including but not limited to the availability of an employment opportunity or the rental or sale of a dwelling or commercial property or (2) there is a substantial probability of interference with the ability of the commission to provide meaningful relief as authorized by this chapter.
(c) Upon rendering a decision in favor of the commission on the petition for temporary injunctive relief, the court or judge shall simultaneously enter an order granting temporary injunctive relief and such other relief as deemed necessary and remand the complaint to the commission for further proceedings pursuant to this chapter.
(d) Upon rendering a decision in favor of the respondent on the petition for temporary injunctive relief, the court or judge shall simultaneously enter an order dissolving any injunctive relief, order, decree, temporary relief or restraining order theretofore issued against the respondent in the matter and remand the matter to the commission.
(e) Commencement of proceedings pursuant to section 46a-89, this section or section 46a-90a shall not bar the commission from processing the complaint pursuant to the procedures set forth in this chapter.
(P.A. 88-241, S. 4; P.A. 92-257, S. 4; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-11, S. 34, 70.)
History: P.A. 92-257 and May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-11 amended Subsec. (b) by substituting “dwelling” for “housing accommodation”.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-90. - Commission hearings re injunction concerning discriminatory employment practice. Removal to Superior Court.

Section 46a-90 is repealed.
(P.A. 80-422, S. 38; P.A. 88-241, S. 9; 88-317, S. 104, 107.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-90a. - Commission action after granting of temporary injunction. Duration of temporary injunction. Permanent injunction.

(a) The chief referee shall schedule a date for a hearing pursuant to section 46a-84 to be held within forty-five days of any temporary injunctive relief or restraining order issued pursuant to section 46a-89a. Such temporary injunctive relief or restraining order shall remain in effect until the presiding officer renders a decision on the complaint. If the commission does not conduct its hearing procedure with reasonable speed, the court, on the motion of the respondent and for good cause shown, shall remove such temporary injunction and assume jurisdiction of all civil proceedings arising out of the complaint and shall set the matter for hearing on the merits. The presiding officer shall render a decision within twenty days after the close of evidence and the filing of briefs.
(b) When the presiding officer finds that the respondent has engaged in any discriminatory practice prohibited by section 46a-60, 46a-64, 46a-64c, 46a-81c, 46a-81d or 46a-81e and grants relief on the complaint, requiring that a temporary injunction remain in effect, the executive director may, through the procedure outlined in subsection (a) of section 46a-95, petition the court which granted the original temporary injunction to make the injunction permanent.
(c) Upon issuance of a permanent injunction, the case shall be returned to the commission for such further action as is authorized by this chapter.
(d) Any temporary injunction issued under section 46a-89a shall remain in effect during any appeal under section 46a-94a, or any enforcement procedure under section 46a-95, unless removed by the court.
(P.A. 88-241, S. 5; P.A. 90-230, S. 92, 101; 90-246, S. 13; P.A. 91-58, S. 32; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 80.)
History: P.A. 90-230 changed “hearing officer” to “presiding officer” in Subsecs. (a) and (b); P.A. 90-246 amended Subsec. (b) by deleting reference to Sec. 46a-64a and adding reference to Sec. 46a-64c; P.A. 91-58 amended Subsec. (b) by adding reference to Secs. 46a-81c, 46a-81d and 46a-81e; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 amended Subsec. (a) by substituting “chief referee” for “chairperson of the commission”, substituting “reasonable speed” for “reasonable dispatch” and making a technical change, amended Subsec. (b) by substituting “executive director” for “commission chairperson” and making a technical change, and amended Subsec. (d) by deleting reference to judge thereof and making a technical change.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-91 to 46a-93. - Discriminatory practice in sale or rental of residential or commercial property; injunctive relief; damages. Injunction concerning discriminatory practice in sale or rental of residential or commercial property; notice, stay, bond. Injunction: Jurisdiction of court; hearing.

Sections 46a-91 to 46a-93, inclusive, are repealed.
(February, 1965, P.A. 543, S. 1
–
3; 1967, P.A. 38; 177, S. 2, 3; 756, S. 2; P.A. 74-183, S. 120, 121, 291; P.A. 76-436, S. 510, 511, 681; P.A. 78-280, S. 1, 127; P.A. 80-422, S. 39
–
41; 80-449, S. 5, 6; P.A. 81-81, S. 6; P.A. 86-193; P.A. 86-206; P.A. 88-241, S. 9.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-94. (Formerly Sec. 53-36d). - Appeal to Appellate Court from Superior Court action re injunction against discriminatory employment practice or discriminatory practice in sale or rental of residential or commercial property.

(a) An appeal to the Appellate Court shall lie from any judgment, injunctive relief, order or decree entered pursuant to section 46a-89, 46a-89a or 46a-90a.
(b) In any appeal to the Appellate Court under the provisions of this section, any judge of the Appellate Court, on written application, after oral hearing: (1) May order a party who has filed a notice of intent to appeal either to appeal or withdraw such notice of appeal, and (2) may make such orders as will expedite the appeal.
(February, 1965, P.A. 543, S. 5; P.A. 80-422, S. 42; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-29, S. 16, 82; P.A. 88-241, S. 6.)
History: P.A. 80-422 designated former provisions as Subsec. (b), making minor changes, and inserted new Subsec. (a) containing provision formerly found in Sec. 53-36b; Sec. 53-36d transferred to Sec. 46a-94 in 1981 and internal section references changed as necessary to reflect their transfer; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-29 deleted reference to supreme court and substituted appellate court in lieu thereof, and deleted provisions re preparation of record and appeal and use of typewritten copies of papers in Subsec. (b); P.A. 88-241 amended Subsec. (a) to revise statutory references.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-98. (Formerly Sec. 36-438a). - Discriminatory credit practice: Cause of action; damages; statute of limitations.

(a) In lieu of, but not in addition to, filing a complaint with the commission pursuant to section 46a-82, any person claiming to be aggrieved by a violation of section 46a-66 or 46a-81f may bring an action under this section against a creditor, as defined in section 46a-65, in the superior court for the judicial district in which such aggrieved person resides or in which the alleged violation took place.
(b) Any such creditor who fails to comply with any requirement of section 46a-66 or 46a-81f or the regulations adopted pursuant to section 46a-67 shall be liable to an aggrieved person in an amount equal to the sum of any actual damages sustained by such person.
(c) Any such creditor who fails to comply with any requirement of section 46a-66 or 46a-81f or the regulations adopted pursuant to section 46a-67 shall be liable to an aggrieved person for punitive damages in an amount not greater than one thousand dollars, as determined by the court, in addition to any actual damages provided in subsection (b) of this section.
(d) Any such creditor who fails to comply with any requirement of section 46a-66 or 46a-81f or the regulations adopted pursuant to section 46a-67 may be liable for punitive damages in the case of a class action in such amount as the court may allow, provided the total recovery of punitive damages shall not exceed the lesser of five thousand dollars or one per cent of the net worth of the creditor. In determining the amount of award in any class action, the court shall consider, among other relevant factors, the amount of any actual damages awarded, the frequency and persistence of failures of compliance by the creditor, the resources of the creditor, the number of persons adversely affected, and the extent to which the creditor's failure of compliance was intentional.
(e) No action may be brought under this section except within one year from the date of the occurrence of the violation.
(P.A. 76-171, S. 1; P.A. 77-452, S. 63, 72; P.A. 78-280, S. 1, 127; P.A. 80-422, S. 46; P.A. 91-58, S. 33; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 82.)
History: P.A. 77-452 replaced court of common pleas with superior court and added reference to judicial districts in Subsec. (a); P.A. 78-280 deleted reference to counties; P.A. 80-422 deleted former Subsec. (e) which had specified that there is no liability for acts done or omitted in conformity with commissioner's regulations or opinions, relettering Subsec. (f) accordingly, and made minor wording changes; Sec. 36-438a transferred to Sec. 46a-98 in 1981 and internal section references revised as necessary to reflect their transfer; P.A. 91-58 added references to Sec. 46a-81f; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 amended Subsec. (a) by substituting “commission” for “Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities”.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-98a. - Discriminatory housing practice or breach of conciliation agreement: Cause of action; relief.

Any person claiming to be aggrieved by a violation of section 46a-64c or 46a-81e or by a breach of a conciliation agreement entered into pursuant to this chapter, may bring an action in the Superior Court, or the housing session of said court if appropriate within one year of the date of the alleged discriminatory practice or of a breach of a conciliation agreement entered into pursuant to this chapter. No action pursuant to this section may be brought in the Superior Court regarding the alleged discriminatory practice after the commission has obtained a conciliation agreement pursuant to section 46a-83 or commenced a hearing pursuant to section 46a-84, except for an action to enforce the conciliation agreement. The court shall have the power to grant relief, by injunction or otherwise, as it deems just and suitable. The court may grant any relief which a presiding officer may grant in a proceeding under section 46a-86 or which the court may grant in a proceeding under section 46a-89. The commission, through commission legal counsel or the Attorney General, may intervene as a matter of right in any action brought pursuant to this section without permission of the court or the parties.
(P.A. 81-81, S. 2; P.A. 88-241, S. 7; 88-364, S. 57, 123; P.A. 90-246, S. 14; P.A. 91-58, S. 34; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-11, S. 35, 70; P.A. 11-237, S. 13; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 83.)
History: P.A. 88-241 revised a statutory reference and made a technical change; P.A. 88-364 corrected a reference to Sec. 46-64a to Sec. 46a-64a; P.A. 90-246 amended section by deleting reference to Sec. 46a-64a and adding reference to Sec. 46a-64c, and adding provision permitting person claiming to be aggrieved by violation of Sec. 46a-64c or breach of a conciliation agreement to bring action within one year of alleged discriminatory practice or breach of conciliation agreement, and permitting commission to intervene in any such action; P.A. 91-58 added a reference to a violation of Sec. 46a-81e and added a reference to the penalties provided for under Sec. 46a-81e(f); May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-11 replaced “hearing officer” with “presiding officer”; P.A. 11-237 replaced “its counsel” with “commission legal counsel” and added provision re intervention without permission of the court or the parties; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 deleted provision re penalties provided for under Sec. 46a-64c(g) or Sec. 46a-81e(f) and made a technical change.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46a - Human Rights › Chapter 814c - Human Rights and Opportunities › Section 46a-99. (Formerly Sec. 4-61l). - Discriminatory state practice: Cause of action; relief.

Any person claiming to be aggrieved by a violation of any provision of sections 46a-70 to 46a-78, inclusive, or sections 46a-81h to 46a-81o, inclusive, may petition the Superior Court for appropriate relief and said court shall have the power to grant such relief, by injunction or otherwise, as it deems just and suitable.
(1969, P.A. 790, S. 11; P.A. 76-436, S. 249, 681; P.A. 77-551; P.A. 79-631, S. 4, 111; P.A. 80-422, S. 47; 80-483, S. 10, 186; P.A. 91-58, S. 35.)
History: P.A. 76-436 replaced court of common pleas with superior court, effective July 1, 1978; P.A. 77-551 authorized aggrieved person to file complaint with commission on human rights and opportunities and specified commission's right to issue and proceed upon complaint as provided in chapter 563; P.A. 79-631 substituted Sec. 4-61c for Sec. 4-61b; P.A. 80-422 substituted Sec. 4-61k for Sec. 4-61
l
and deleted provisions added by P.A. 77-551; P.A. 80-483 made technical grammatical correction; Sec. 4-61
l
transferred to Sec. 46a-99 in 1981 and internal section references revised as necessary to reflect their transfer; P.A. 91-58 added reference to a violation of any provision of Secs. 46a-81h to 46a-81o, inclusive.
Annotation to former section 4-61
l
:
The issuance of an injunction requires allegations and proof that plaintiffs are aggrieved and that their aggrievement constitutes a justiciable interest in the controversy in question. 165 C. 516, 521.
Annotations to present section:
Cited. 196 C. 208; 236 C. 453; 243 C. 1.
Cited. 4 CA 423; 5 CA 643; 44 CA 446. The provisions of section do not constitute a waiver of state's sovereign immunity with respect to claims for money damages. 104 CA 547.