2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 13 - COURTS AND COURT PROCEDURE (§§ 13-1-101 — 13-100-104) › FORCIBLE ENTRY AND DETAINER (§§ 13-40-101 — 13-40.1-102) › Article 40 - FORCIBLE ENTRY AND DETAINER - GENERAL PROVISIONS (§§ 13-40-101 — 13-40-128) › Section 13-40-110 - Action - how commenced - report

(1)
(a)
An action pursuant to this article 40 is commenced by filing with the court a complaint in writing using the standard form of eviction complaint and affidavit for a residential tenancy that is available online through the judicial department's website to describe the property with reasonable certainty; the street address and the zip code, listed separately; the grounds for recovery; the name of the person in possession or occupancy; a prayer for recovery of possession; and a signed affidavit that states:
(I)
The residential tenant receives supplemental security income, social security disability insurance under Title II of the federal "Social Security Act", 42 U.S.C. sec. 401 et seq., as amended, or cash assistance through the Colorado works program created in part 7 of article 2 of title 26, and the complainant and residential tenant participated in mandatory mediation and the mediation was unsuccessful;
(II)
The complainant and residential tenant did not participate in mandatory mediation because the residential tenant:
(A)
Did not disclose or declined to disclose in writing in response to a written inquiry from the complainant that the residential tenant receives supplemental security income, social security disability insurance under Title II of the federal "Social Security Act", 42 U.S.C. sec. 401 et seq., as amended, or cash assistance through the Colorado works program created in part 7 of article 2 of title 26; or
(B)
Does not receive supplemental security income, social security disability insurance under Title II of the federal "Social Security Act", 42 U.S.C. sec. 401 et seq., as amended, or cash assistance through the Colorado works program created in part 7 of article 2 of title 26; or
(III)
The complainant and residential tenant did not participate in mandatory mediation because the complainant is:
(A)
A 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that offers opportunities for mediation to residential tenants prior to filing a residential eviction in court; or
(B)
A landlord with five or fewer single-family rental homes and no more than five total rental units, including any single-family homes.
(b)
Mandatory mediation must be conducted by a trained neutral third party and be provided at no cost to the residential tenant. The landlord is only required to pay for the landlord's portion of the mandatory mediation. The complainant and residential tenant may have legal representation present during the mandatory mediation. A residential tenant may voluntarily waive the tenant's right to mandatory mediation, but a waiver must not be in any lease agreement or other agreement between the complainant and residential tenant pursuant to section 38-12-801.
(c)
The office of dispute resolution, created in section 13-22-303, shall schedule the mandatory mediation at the first available date, but no later than fourteen calendar days after the landlord requests the mediation.
(d)
Failure to comply with the mandatory mediation requirements outlined in this subsection (1) is an affirmative defense. If the affirmative defense is raised and the complainant cannot demonstrate that the requirements were met, the court shall dismiss the case without prejudice and a new complaint must be filed.
(e)
The complaint may also set forth the amount of rent due, the rate at which it is accruing, the amount of damages due, and the rate at which they are accruing and may include a prayer for rent due or to become due, present and future damages, costs, and any other relief to which plaintiff is entitled.
(f)
Notwithstanding the requirement to file a complaint using the standard form of eviction pursuant to subsection (1)(a) of this section, the court shall accept a complaint filed on a different form if the complaint meets the requirements of this section.
(2)
In an action for termination of a tenancy in a mobile home park, the complaint, in addition to the requirements of subsection (1) of this section, must specify the reasons for termination as the reasons are stated in section
38-12-203
. The complaint must specify the approximate time, place, and manner in which the tenant allegedly committed the acts giving rise to the complaint. If the action is based on the mobile home or mobile home lot being out of compliance with the rules and regulations adopted pursuant to section
38-12-214
, the complaint must specify that the home owner was given ninety days after the date of service or posting of the notice to terminate tenancy to cure the noncompliance, that ninety days have passed, and the noncompliance has not been cured.
(3)
The complaint must include:
(a)
A designation of whether the plaintiff elects to participate in any hearing in person or remotely by phone or video on a platform designated by the court. Upon filing the complaint, the court shall provide the plaintiff with any necessary information to facilitate the plaintiff's participation; and
(b)
A box indicating if the eviction is for a residential or commercial tenancy.
(4)
Beginning January 2024, the judicial department shall report to the house of representatives judiciary committee and the senate judiciary committee, or their successor committees, during the judicial department's "SMART Act" hearing the total number of mediations scheduled by the office of dispute resolution pursuant to this section, the outcomes of the mediations, and the cost of the mediations for the previous fiscal year.
Amended by 2024 Ch. 297,§ 2, eff. 5/31/2024.
Amended by 2024 Ch. 113,§ 8, eff. 4/19/2024.
Amended by 2023 Ch. 415,§ 3, eff. 1/1/2024.
Amended by 2023 Ch. 414,§ 2, eff. 6/6/2023.
Amended by 2020 Ch. 195, §17, eff. 6/30/2020.
L. 1885: p. 226, § 9. L. 1887: p. 272, § 4. R.S. 08: § 2609. C.L. § 6375. L. 33: p. 481, § 1. CSA: C. 70, § 10. CRS 53: § 58-1-10. L. 55: p. 406, § 1. L. 61: p. 390, § 2. C.R.S. 1963: § 58-1-10. L. 85: Entire section amended, p. 578, § 1, effective July 1. L. 96: (2) amended, p. 670, § 1, effective July 1.
2023 Ch. 415, was passed without a safety clause. See Colo. Const. art. V, § 1(3).