2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 27 - BEHAVIORAL HEALTH (§§ 27-1-101 — 27-94-107) › MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS (§§ 27-65-101 — 27-71-105) › Article 65 - CARE AND TREATMENT OF PERSONS WITH MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS (§§ 27-65-101 — 27-65-131) › Section 27-65-104 - Voluntary applications for mental health services - treatment of minors - definition

(1)
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a minor who is fifteen years of age or older, whether with or without the consent of a parent or legal guardian, may consent to receive mental health services to be rendered by a facility, a professional person, or mental health professional licensed pursuant to part 3, 4, 5, 6, or 8 of article
245
of title
12
in any practice setting. Such consent is not subject to disaffirmance because of minority. The professional person or licensed mental health professional rendering mental health services to a minor may, with or without the consent of the minor, advise the minor's parent or legal guardian of the services given or needed.
(2)
A minor who is fifteen years of age or older or a minor's parent or legal guardian, on the minor's behalf, may make a voluntary application for hospitalization. An application for hospitalization on behalf of a minor who is under fifteen years of age and who is a ward of the department must not be made unless a guardian ad litem has been appointed for the minor or a petition for the same has been filed with the court by the agency having custody of the minor; except that such an application for hospitalization may be made under emergency circumstances requiring immediate hospitalization, in which case the agency shall file a petition for appointment of a guardian ad litem within seventy-two hours after application for admission is made, and the court shall immediately appoint a guardian ad litem. Procedures for hospitalization of a minor may proceed pursuant to this section once a petition for appointment of a guardian ad litem has been filed, if necessary. Whenever an application for hospitalization is made, an independent professional person shall interview the minor and conduct a careful investigation into the minor's background, using all available sources, including, but not limited to, the minor's parents or legal guardian, the minor's school, and any other social service agencies. Prior to admitting a minor for hospitalization, the independent professional person shall make the following findings:
(a)
That the minor has a mental health disorder and is in need of hospitalization;
(b)
That a less restrictive treatment alternative is inappropriate or unavailable; and
(c)
That hospitalization is likely to be beneficial.
(3)
An interview and investigation by an independent professional person is not required for a minor who is fifteen years of age or older and who, upon the recommendation of the minor's treating professional person, seeks voluntary hospitalization with the consent of the minor's parent or legal guardian. In order to assure that the minor's consent to such hospitalization is voluntary, the minor shall be advised, at or before the time of admission, of the minor's right to refuse to sign the admission consent form and the minor's right to revoke the minor's consent at a later date. If a minor admitted pursuant to this subsection (3) subsequently revokes the minor's consent after admission, a review of the minor's need for hospitalization pursuant to subsection (4) of this section must be initiated immediately.
(4)
(a)
The need for continuing hospitalization of all voluntary minor patients must be formally reviewed at least every two months. Review pursuant to this subsection (4) must fulfill the requirement specified in section
19-1-115(8)
when the minor is fifteen years of age or older and consenting to hospitalization.
(b)
The review must be conducted by an independent professional person who is not a member of the minor's treating team; or, if the minor, the minor's physician, and the minor's parent or legal guardian do not object to the need for continued hospitalization, the review required pursuant to this subsection (4) may be conducted internally by the hospital staff.
(c)
The independent professional person shall determine whether the minor continues to meet the criteria specified in subsection (2) of this section and whether continued hospitalization is appropriate and shall, at a minimum, conduct an investigation pursuant to subsection (2) of this section.
(d)
Ten days prior to the review, the patient representative at the mental health facility shall notify the minor of the date of the review and shall assist the minor in articulating to the independent professional person the minor's wishes concerning continued hospitalization.
(e)
Nothing in this section limits a minor's right to seek release from the facility pursuant to any other provision of law.
(5)
Every six months the review required pursuant to subsection (4) of this section shall be conducted by an independent professional person who is not a member of the minor's treating team and who has not previously reviewed the minor pursuant to subsection (4) of this section.
(6)
(a)
When a minor does not consent to or objects to continued hospitalization, the need for such continued hospitalization must, within ten days, be reviewed pursuant to subsection (4) of this section by an independent professional person who is not a member of the minor's treating team and who has not previously reviewed the minor pursuant to this subsection (6). The minor shall be informed of the results of the review within three days after the review's completion. If the conclusion reached by the professional person is that the minor no longer meets the standards for hospitalization specified in subsection (2) of this section, the minor must be discharged.
(b)
If, twenty-four hours after being informed of the results of the review specified in subsection (6)(a) of this section, a minor continues to affirm the objection to hospitalization, the director of the facility or the director's duly appointed representative shall advise the minor that the minor has the right to retain and consult with an attorney at any time and that the director or the director's duly appointed representative shall file, within three days after the request of the minor, a statement requesting an attorney for the minor or, if the minor is under fifteen years of age, a guardian ad litem. The minor; the minor's attorney, if any; and the minor's parent, legal guardian, or guardian ad litem, if any, shall be given written notice that a hearing upon the recommendation for continued hospitalization may be had before the court or a jury upon written request directed to the court pursuant to subsection (6)(d) of this section.
(c)
Whenever the statement requesting an attorney is filed with the court, the court shall ascertain whether the minor has retained counsel, and, if the minor has not, the court shall, within three days, appoint an attorney to represent the minor, or if the minor is under fifteen years of age, a guardian ad litem. Upon receipt of a petition filed by the guardian ad litem, the court shall appoint an attorney to represent the minor under fifteen years of age.
(d)
(I)
The minor or the minor's attorney or guardian ad litem may, at any time after the minor has continued to affirm the minor's objection to hospitalization pursuant to subsection (6)(b) of this section, file a written request that the recommendation for continued hospitalization be reviewed by the court or that the treatment be on an outpatient basis. If review is requested, the court shall hear the matter within ten days after the request, and the court shall give notice of the time and place of the hearing to the minor; the minor's attorney, if any; the minor's parents or legal guardian; the minor's guardian ad litem, if any; the independent professional person; and the minor's treating team. The hearing must be held in accordance with section
27-65-113
; except that the court or jury shall determine that the minor is in need of care and treatment if the court or jury makes the following findings:
(A)
That the minor has a mental health disorder and is in need of hospitalization;
(B)
That a less restrictive treatment alternative is inappropriate or unavailable; and
(C)
That hospitalization is likely to be beneficial.
(II)
At the conclusion of the hearing, the court may enter an order confirming the recommendation for continued hospitalization, discharge the minor, or enter any other appropriate order.
(e)
For purposes of this subsection (6), "objects to hospitalization" means that a minor, with the necessary assistance of hospital staff, has written the minor's objections to continued hospitalization and has been given an opportunity to affirm or disaffirm such objections forty-eight hours after the objections are first written.
(f)
A minor may not again object to hospitalization pursuant to this subsection (6) until ninety days after conclusion of proceedings pursuant to this subsection (6).
(g)
In addition to the rights specified in section
27-65-119
for persons receiving evaluation, care, or treatment, a written notice specifying the rights of minor children under this section must be given to each minor upon admission to hospitalization.
(7)
A minor who no longer meets the standards for hospitalization specified in subsection (2) of this section must be discharged.
Amended by 2022 Ch. 451, § 1, eff. 8/10/2022.
L. 2010: Entire article added with relocations, (SB 10 -175), ch. 188, p. 682, § 2, effective April 29.
This section is similar to former § 27-10-104 as it existed prior to 2010.
2022 Ch. 451, was passed without a safety clause. See Colo. Const. art. V, § 1(3).