reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 1 - Construction of Statutes › Section 1-1n. - “Gender identity or expression” defined.

As used in sections 4a-60, 8-169s, 8-265c, 8-294, 8-315, 10-15c, 10-153, 10a-6, 11-24b, 16-245r, 16-247r, 28-15, 31-22p, 31-57e, 32-277, 38a-358, 42-125a, 42-125b, 46a-81aa, 52-571d and 53-37a, “gender identity or expression” means a person's gender-related identity, appearance or behavior, whether or not that gender-related identity, appearance or behavior is different from that traditionally associated with the person's physiology or assigned sex at birth, which gender-related identity can be shown by providing evidence including, but not limited to, medical history, care or treatment of the gender-related identity, consistent and uniform assertion of the gender-related identity or any other evidence that the gender-related identity is sincerely held, part of a person's core identity or not being asserted for an improper purpose.
(P.A. 11-55, S. 2; P.A. 13-299, S. 1.)
History: P.A. 13-299 deleted reference to repealed Sec. 32-204, effective July 1, 2013.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 1 - Construction of Statutes › Section 1-1t. - Method of payment of fees and delivery of correspondence or communications to agency or quasi-public agency. Advertisement of legal notices.

(a) As used in this section, “agency” means each state board, authority, commission, department, office, institution, council or other agency of the state including, but not limited to, each constituent unit and each public institution of higher education, and “quasi-public agency” has the same meaning as provided in section 1-120. Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes or public or special act, but subject to the provisions of chapter 15, any payment of fees due to an agency or quasi-public agency may be made by any means of electronic funds transfer adopted by such agency or quasi-public agency.
(b) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes or public or special act, but subject to the provisions of chapter 15, any correspondence or communication required to be delivered to an agency or quasi-public agency by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, may be delivered by electronic means with proof of a delivery receipt, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 15.
(c) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes or public or special act, but subject to the provisions of chapter 15, any correspondence or communication required to be delivered to an agency or quasi-public agency by United States mail or facsimile may be delivered by electronic means, provided such agency or quasi-public agency has determined such electronic delivery is appropriate for such correspondence or communication.
(d) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes or public or special act, but subject to the provisions of chapter 15, any requirement that an agency or quasi-public agency insert an advertisement of a legal notice in a newspaper shall include posting such notice on the agency's or quasi-public agency's Internet web site or other electronic portal of the agency which is available to the general public.
(P.A. 21-76, S. 17.)
History: P.A. 21-76 effective July 1, 2021.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 1 - Construction of Statutes › Section 1-2. - Legal notices.

Each provision of the general statutes, the special acts or the charter of any town, city or borough which requires the insertion of an advertisement of a legal notice in a daily newspaper shall be construed to permit such advertisement to be inserted in a weekly newspaper; but this section shall not be construed to reduce or otherwise affect the time required by law for giving such notice. Whenever notice of any action or other proceeding is required to be given by publication in a newspaper, either by statute or order of court, the newspaper selected for that purpose, unless otherwise expressly prescribed, shall be one having a substantial circulation in the town in which at least one of the parties, for whose benefit such notice is given, resides.
(1949 Rev., S. 8890, 8892; P.A. 79-375.)
History: P.A. 79-375 rephrased provisions but made no substantive changes.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 1 - Construction of Statutes › Section 1-2a. - Construction of term “postmark”.

(a) For purposes of sections 1-206, 3-114i, 4-147, 9-23g, 9-153b, 9-311, 9-608, 10-183g, 12-146, 20-429, 31-241, 31-248, 31-249a, 33-603, 33-663, 33-929, 33-1003, 33-1053, 33-1219, 38a-716 and 42-243 (1) any reference to the United States mail or a postmark shall be treated as including a reference to any delivery service designated by the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States pursuant to Section 7502 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as from time to time amended, (2) any reference to a postmark made by the United States Postal Service shall be treated as including a reference to any date recorded or marked in the manner described in said Section 7502 of said Internal Revenue Code by a designated delivery service, and (3) any equivalent of registered or certified mail designated by the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States pursuant to said Section 7502 of said Internal Revenue Code shall be included within the meaning of registered or certified mail.
(b) The Legislative Commissioners' Office shall, in codifying the provisions of this section, make such technical, grammatical and punctuation changes and statutory placements and classifications, including, but not limited to, the addition of newly enacted material to the sections listed in subsection (a) of this section as are necessary to carry out the purposes of this section.
(P.A. 99-121, S. 27, 28; P.A. 14-182, S. 1.)
History: P.A. 99-121 effective June 3, 1999; P.A. 14-182 deleted references to Secs. 3-114e, 3-114f and 9-65 in Subsec. (a), effective June 12, 2014.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 1 - Construction of Statutes › Section 1-2b. - Construction of term “certified mail, return receipt requested”.

(a) For purposes of sections 1-100oo, 1-206, 2-71r, 4-176, 4-180, 4-183, 4a-52a, 4a-60q, 4a-63, 4a-100, 4e-34, 4e-35, 7-65, 7-148w, 7-247a, 7-473c, 7-478e, 8-3b, 8-3i, 8-7d, 8-26b, 8-169r, 8-293, 9-388, 9-608, 9-623, 10a-22c, 10a-22i, 10a-34a, 10a-109n, 12-35, 12-157, 12-242ii, 12-242jj, 13a-80, 13a-123, 15-11a, 16-41, 16-50c, 16-50d, 17a-103b, 19a-87, 19a-87c, 19a-209c, 19a-332e, 19a-343a, 19a-486a, 19a-486c, 19a-486d, 19a-497, 19a-507b, 20-205a, 20-325a, 21-63, 21-80, 22-7, 22a-6b, 22a-6u, 22a-30, 22a-42d, 22a-42f, 22a-66d, 22a-137, 22a-178, 22a-225, 22a-228, 22a-250, 22a-354p, 22a-354s, 22a-354t, 22a-361, 22a-371, 22a-401, 22a-403, 22a-433, 22a-436, 22a-449f, 22a-449l, 22a-449n, 22a-504, 22a-626, 23-46, 23-65j, 23-651, 23-65p, 25-32, 25-32e, 25-331, 25-34, 25-204, 25-234, 29-108d, 31-57c, 31-57d, 31-355, 32-613, 33-663, 33-929, 33-1053, 33-1219, 34-521, 35-42, 36a-50, 36a-51, 36a-52, 36a-53, 36a-82, 36a-184, 36a-493, 36b-62, 36b-72, 38-323a, 38a-344, 38a-676, 38a-724, 38a-788, 42-158j, 42-181, 42-182, 42-186, 42-271, 45a-716, 46b-115w, 46b-128, 47-42d, 47-74f, 47-88b, 47-236, 47-284, 47a-11b, 47a-11d, 47a-13a, 47a-14h, 47a-56b, 49-2, 49-4a, 49-8, 49-8a, 49-10b, 49-31b, 49-51, 49-70, 51-90e, 52-57, 52-59b, 52-63, 52-64, 52-195c, 52-350e, 52-351b, 52-361a, 52-362, 52-565a, 52-605, 52-606, 53-401, 53a-128, 53a-128d, 53a-207 and 54-82c and chapter 965, any reference to certified mail, return receipt requested, shall include mail, electronic, and digital methods of receiving the return receipt, including all methods of receiving the return receipt identified by the Mailing Standards of the United States Postal Service in Chapter 500 of the Domestic Mail Manual or any subsequent corresponding document of the United States Postal Service.
(b) The Legislative Commissioners' Office shall, in codifying the provisions of this section, make such technical, grammatical and punctuation changes and statutory placements and classifications, including, but not limited to, the addition of newly enacted material to the sections listed in subsection (a) of this section as are necessary to carry out the purposes of this section.
(P.A. 10-179, S. 40; P.A. 11-137, S. 2; 11-237, S. 1; P.A. 13-277, S. 21; P.A. 14-94, S. 10; P.A. 15-14, S. 1; P.A. 22-70, S. 16.)
History: P.A. 10-179 effective May 7, 2010; P.A. 11-137 amended Subsec. (a) by adding references to Secs. 4-176 and 4-180, effective July 8, 2011; P.A. 11-237 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting reference to Sec. 46a-82e; P.A. 13-277 amended Subsec. (a) to delete reference to Sec. 13a-85c, effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 14-94 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting reference to Sec. 22a-285b, effective June 6, 2014; P.A. 15-14 made a technical change in Subsec. (b); P.A. 22-70 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting reference to Sec. 42-161, effective July 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 1 - Construction of Statutes › Section 1-2c. - Construction of term “electronic mail”.

Wherever in the general statutes or public acts the term “electronic mail” is used, such term shall be deemed to include an electronic delivery service that delivers communications to their intended recipients by matching an electronic mail address to a person's United States Postal Service physical address and uses security methods such as passwords or encryption.
(P.A. 12-185, S. 1.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 1 - Construction of Statutes › Section 1-2z. - Plain meaning rule.

The meaning of a statute shall, in the first instance, be ascertained from the text of the statute itself and its relationship to other statutes. If, after examining such text and considering such relationship, the meaning of such text is plain and unambiguous and does not yield absurd or unworkable results, extratextual evidence of the meaning of the statute shall not be considered.
(P.A. 03-154, S. 1.)
Construing the plain meaning of Sec. 22a-19 and its relationship to other statutes, court concluded that Sec. 22a-19 allows town to intervene in judicial review of decisions of its wetlands and zoning commission, does not conflict with Secs. 8-1 and 22a-42, which delegates municipal authority to the agencies, and does not yield an absurd or unworkable result. 280 C. 405. Statute did not overrule the principle that ambiguous statutory language is not unconstitutionally vague if the legislative history establishes a clear meaning. 284 C. 573. Under section, ambiguity determination is not limited to the statute itself, but requires viewing the statute at issue in context of other related statutes. Id., 838. The test to determine ambiguity is whether the statute, when read in context, is susceptible to more than one reasonable interpretation. Id. Plain meaning rule applied to Workers' Compensation Act provisions. 285 C. 348. Because Sec. 14-164(c) is ambiguous re implicit waiver of sovereign immunity, such ambiguity means waiver of sovereign immunity is not implied and therefore no extratextual evidence is necessary. 293 C. 382. Section does not overrule the prior interpretation of any statutory provision merely because the Court failed to apply the plain meaning rule, rather the ordinary principles of stare decisis apply to interpretations of statutory provisions that predate the enactment of section. 326 C. 190.
When application of alternative minimum tax credit statute resulted in double taxation and a mathematical impossibility that an individual would ever be eligible to recoup a credit, which was an absurd or unworkable result, court looked to extratextual evidence to determine statute's meaning. 98 CA 439. Under section, cannot look beyond text of statutory language if that language, as applied to facts of the case, is plain and unambiguous and does not yield a bizarre or unworkable result. 105 CA 124.
Cited. 49 CS 43.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 1 - Construction of Statutes › Section 1-3. - Validity of separate provisions of acts.

If any provision of any act passed by the General Assembly or its application to any person or circumstances is held invalid, such invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of such act.
(1949 Rev., S. 8893.)
If statute is partially invalid, valid part may stand if it and the invalid part are not so mutually connected and dependent as to indicate legislative intent that they are inseparable. 146 C. 78. To overcome presumption of separability it must be shown the portion declared invalid is so mutually connected and dependent on remainder as to indicate an intent they should stand or fall together, and to warrant belief the legislature would not have adopted remainder independently of invalid portion; similarly when application to distinct classes of persons is at issue. 171 C. 141. Cited. 191 C. 336; 199 C. 693; 201 C. 435; 215 C. 675.
Cited. 32 CA 656; judgment reversed in part, see 232 C. 345.
Cited. 30 CS 87.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 1 - Construction of Statutes › Section 1-3a. - License or permit fee due on Saturday, Sunday or holiday.

Any state or municipal license or permit fee which is due and payable on a date certain which falls on a Saturday, Sunday or legal holiday shall be payable on the next business day thereafter.
(P.A. 75-196.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 1 - Construction of Statutes › Section 1-3b. - Enforcement of subpoena powers.

Whenever any section of the general statutes or any section of any special act authorizes any person, committee, board, officer, commission, council or agency to issue any subpoena, and such section does not specifically provide for the enforcement of such subpoena, if the person to whom such subpoena is issued fails to appear or if having appeared refuses to testify or produce the evidence required by such subpoena, the Superior Court, upon application of such person, committee, board, officer, commission, council or agency, shall have jurisdiction to order such person to appear or to give testimony or produce such evidence, as the case may be.
(P.A. 78-143.)
Cited. 225 C. 700.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 2 - Legal Holidays and Standard of Time › Section 1-5. - Independence Day celebration.

As a part of the official observance of Independence Day, appropriate ceremonies shall be held in the hall of flags of the State Capitol on July fourth in each year. The Governor shall issue a proclamation recalling to the citizens of the state the historic significance of Independence Day. The Governor shall designate a state official of a patriotic society or a state official of a veterans organization to plan and have charge of such ceremonies, in such manner that the conduct of such ceremonies shall be alternated from year to year between an official of a patriotic society and an official of a veterans organization. The necessary expense of such ceremony, not exceeding seven hundred and fifty dollars each year, shall be paid to the society or organization conducting the ceremonies.
(1949 Rev., S. 8881; 1949, S. 3355d; 1963, P.A. 287.)
History: 1963 act added requirement of governor's proclamation.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 2 - Legal Holidays and Standard of Time › Section 1-6. - Standard of time.

The standard of time for the seventy-fifth meridian west of Greenwich shall be the standard of time for this state, except that the standard of time of this state shall be one hour in advance of such established time from two o'clock ante meridian on the second Sunday in March until two o'clock ante meridian on the first Sunday in November.
(1949 Rev., S. 8882; 1955, S. 3356d; 1967, P.A. 334; P.A. 87-53, S. 2, 3; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-2, S. 31.)
History: 1967 act changed beginning hour of daylight saving time from one o'clock a.m. to two o'clock a.m. on last Sunday in April and repealed provision for imposing or extending daylight saving time by governor's proclamation; P.A. 87-53 changed the beginning of daylight savings time from the last Sunday in April to the first Sunday in April; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-2 changed beginning of daylight savings time from first Sunday in April to second Sunday in March and changed end of daylight savings time from last Sunday in October to first Sunday in November.
Cited. 100 C. 431.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 3 - Public Records: General Provisions › Section 1-7. - Recording or copying by photographic, micrographic, electronic imaging or other process.

When any officer, office, court, commission, board, institution, department, agent or employee of the state, or of any political subdivision thereof, is required or authorized by law or has the duty to record or copy any document, plat, paper or instrument of writing, such recording or copying may be done by any photographic, micrographic, electronic imaging or other process, which clearly and accurately copies, photographs or otherwise reproduces the original document, plat, paper or instrument of writing. Each such photographic, micrographic, electronic imaging or other process shall be subject to the approval of the Public Records Administrator. Properly certified reproductions of any record made under the provisions of this section shall be admissible in evidence in the same manner and entitled to the same weight as copies made and certified from the original.
(1949 Rev., S. 8883; P.A. 97-89, S. 1.)
History: P.A. 97-89 authorized recording or copying by micrographic, electronic imaging or other process and changed the reference to “Properly certified photographic copies” to “Properly certified reproductions”.
See Sec. 3-98 re copies of books, records, papers or documents filed, as required by law, for record in the office of the Secretary of the State.
See Sec. 11-8(b) re appointment of Public Records Administrator.
Cited. 197 C. 698; 206 C. 449.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 3 - Public Records: General Provisions › Section 1-8. - “Recorded” defined.

When books, records, papers or documents are required to be recorded by law, the word “recorded” shall be construed to include, and such recording may be made by, photographic, micrographic, electronic imaging or any other process with the reproduced image proportional in size to the original. Each such photographic, micrographic, electronic imaging or other process shall be subject to the approval of the Public Records Administrator.
(1949 Rev., S. 8884; P.A. 97-89, S. 2.)
History: P.A. 97-89 amended definition of “recorded” by deleting provisions describing photographic reproduction, adding “micrographic, electronic imaging or any other process” and substituting “reproduced image proportional” for “reproduced image in such ratio”.
See Sec. 11-8(b) re appointment of Public Records Administrator.
Cited. 206 C. 449.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 3 - Public Records: General Provisions › Section 1-9. - Alkaline paper for permanent records.

No person having custody of any permanent record or register in any department or office of the state, or of any political subdivision thereof, or of any probate district, shall use or permit to be used for recording purposes any paper other than alkaline paper that meets or exceeds the American National Standards Institute standards for permanent paper and meets such additional specifications as may be issued by the Public Records Administrator, unless such paper is not available. Said administrator shall furnish to each person having custody of any such permanent record a list of such papers. Any person who violates any provision of this section shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars.
(1949 Rev., S. 1638; 1959, P.A. 152, S. 83; 1967, P.A. 468; P.A. 89-167, S. 3; P.A. 91-144, S. 1.)
History: 1959 act deleted “county”; 1967 act changed “book of record” to “permanent record”, “registry” to “register” and “town, city, borough” to “political subdivision” and required paper used to consist of 100% rag content; P.A. 89-167 substituted alkaline paper for 100% rag content paper; P.A. 91-144 substituted “paper that meets or exceeds the American National Standards Institute standards for permanent paper and meets such additional specifications as may be issued by the public records administrator, unless such paper is not available” for “papers that conform to American National Standards Institute for permanent paper for printed library materials (ANSI Z3948) approved by the public records administrator”.
See Sec. 11-8 re appointment of Public Records Administrator.
Cited. 206 C. 449.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 3 - Public Records: General Provisions › Section 1-9a. - Alkaline paper for executive branch photocopies.

All photocopies made by each state officer or agency of the executive branch shall be made using paper that meets or exceeds the American National Standards Institute standards for permanent paper, unless such paper is not available.
(P.A. 91-144, S. 6.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 3 - Public Records: General Provisions › Section 1-9b. - Applicability of alkaline paper requirements.

Section 1-9b is repealed, effective October 1, 2002.
(P.A. 91-144, S. 8; P.A. 96-88, S. 1, 9; S.A. 02-12, S. 1.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 3 - Public Records: General Provisions › Section 1-10. - Standard ink for public records.

No person having the care or custody of any book of record or registry in any department or office of this state, or of any town, city, borough or probate district, shall use or permit to be used upon such book any ink, including ink used on typewriters and typewriter ribbons, other than such as is approved by the Public Records Administrator. Before the administrator approves of any ink, he shall cause a number of distinct and separate brands to be examined as to quality by a state chemist, and give his approval of not less than four different brands or manufacturers, and the inks so approved shall be standard inks for use in this state. Such approval may be revoked at any time by the administrator when he finds the ink furnished to be inferior to that approved. The administrator shall furnish to each department and office of the state, and to each custodian of public records and each recording office, a list of the brands or manufacturers of ink which have received his approval. Any custodian of records who uses, or causes or permits to be used, thereon any ink not so approved shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars.
(1949 Rev., S. 1639; 1959, P.A. 152, S. 84.)
History: 1959 act deleted “county”.
See Sec. 11-8(b) re appointment of Public Records Administrator.
Cited. 206 C. 449.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 3 - Public Records: General Provisions › Section 1-11. - Loose-leaf binders for public records.

The Public Records Administrator shall furnish to each person having custody of any book of record or register in any department or office of the state or of any town, city, borough or probate district a list of approved loose-leaf binders for use for recording purposes and may revoke such approval at any time when he finds any such binder inferior to those approved. Any person having custody of any such book who uses or permits to be used for recording purposes any loose-leaf binder which has not been so approved shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars.
(1949 Rev., S. 1640; 1959, P.A. 152, S. 85.)
History: 1959 act deleted “county”.
See Sec. 11-8(b) re appointment of Public Records Administrator.
Cited. 206 C. 449.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 3 - Public Records: General Provisions › Section 1-12. - Typewriting and printing. Legal force.

All typewriting or printing executed or done on public records, and in any instrument, and for any other purpose, shall have the same legal force, meaning and effect as writing, and “writing” shall be held to include typewriting or printing; provided this section shall not be so construed as in any manner to affect or change the law regarding signatures.
(1949 Rev., S. 1641.)
Cited. 206 C. 449.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 3 - Public Records: General Provisions › Section 1-13. - Making of reproductions.

Any original books, records, papers or documents may be delivered by any recording agency to any department of the state, or to any political subdivision of the state, for the purpose of having such reproductions made, and, upon such reproduction, such original books, records, papers or documents shall be returned promptly to such delivering agency. Whenever provision is made by statute for the return of any original books, records, papers or documents to any person, such return shall be delayed until after the delivery back to such recording agency of the reproduced image or images properly fixed. Any reproduced image or images may be released for fixation to any processor approved by the Public Records Administrator.
(1949 Rev., S. 8885.)
See Sec. 11-8(b) re appointment of Public Records Administrator.
Cited. 206 C. 449.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 3 - Public Records: General Provisions › Section 1-14. - “Certified copy” defined. Evidence.

When the term “certified copy” is used in any statute relating to any recording agency, such term shall be construed to include a certified reproduction of the image or images of such books, records, papers or documents, which is proportional in size to the original. Each process used for such reproductions shall be subject to the approval of the Public Records Administrator. Any such reproduced record or any such certified copy may be admitted in evidence with the same effect as the original thereof, and shall be prima facie evidence of the facts set forth therein.
(1949 Rev., S. 8886; February, 1965, P.A. 29; P.A. 97-89, S. 3.)
History: 1965 act allowed reproduction to vary in size from original; P.A. 97-89 redefined “certified copy” to delete provisions limiting definition to photographic reproductions.
See Sec. 11-8(b) re appointment of Public Records Administrator.
Cited. 206 C. 449.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 3 - Public Records: General Provisions › Section 1-16. - Reproductions.

Any officer of the state or any political subdivision thereof, any judge of probate and any person, corporation or association required to keep records, papers or documents may cause any or all such records, papers or documents to be photographed, microphotographed or otherwise reproduced by electronic imaging or any other process approved by the Public Records Administrator. Such reproductions shall conform to standards specified in sections 1-7 and 1-8, and the device used to reproduce such records shall be one which accurately reproduces the original thereof in all details.
(1949 Rev., S. 8887; 1963, P.A. 152, S. 1; P.A. 97-89, S. 4.)
History: 1963 act added judge of probate; P.A. 97-89 substituted “otherwise reproduced by electronic imaging or any other process approved by the Public Records Administrator” for “reproduced on film”.
Cited. 169 C. 186; 206 C. 449.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 3 - Public Records: General Provisions › Section 1-17. - Reproductions to serve purposes of originals.

Such photographs, microphotographs, electronic images or other reproductions shall for all purposes be considered the same as the original records, papers or documents. A transcript, exemplification or certified copy thereof shall for all purposes be deemed to be a transcript, exemplification or certified copy of the original.
(1949 Rev., S. 8888; P.A. 97-89, S. 5.)
History: P.A. 97-89 substituted “electronic images or other reproductions” for “or photographic film”.
Cited. 169 C. 186; 206 C. 449.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 3 - Public Records: General Provisions › Section 1-17a. - Photographs and computerized images of individuals. State agencies prohibited from disclosing without express consent of individuals. Exceptions.

(a) As used in this section:
(1) “Disclose” means to engage in any practice or conduct to make available and make known, by any means of communication, information pertaining to an individual to any other individual, organization or entity;
(2) “Express consent” means an affirmative agreement given by the individual who is the subject of a photograph or computerized image that specifically grants permission to a state agency to release such photograph or image to the requesting party. Such agreement shall (A) be in writing or such other form as the state agency may determine in regulations adopted in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, and (B) specify a procedure for the individual to withdraw such consent, as provided in regulations adopted in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54; and
(3) “Requesting party” means a legitimate business or an agent, employee or contractor of a legitimate business.
(b) No state agency may disclose to the public an individual's photograph or computerized image in connection with the issuance of an identification card or other document by such state agency, unless such individual has provided his or her express consent for such disclosure. Such consent shall not be required for disclosure in connection with any civil, criminal, administrative or arbitral proceeding in any court or government agency or before any self-regulatory body, including the service of process, an investigation in anticipation of litigation, a law enforcement investigation, and the execution or enforcement of judgments and orders, pursuant to an order of any court provided the requesting party is a party in interest to such proceeding or pursuant to chapter 969. A requesting party that receives personal information under this section shall not redisclose such personal information, except to an agent, employee or contractor of the requesting party. Section 14-10 shall apply in lieu of the provisions of this section to photographs or images in connection with documents issued by the Department of Motor Vehicles.
(P.A. 00-139, S. 1, 2.)
History: P.A. 00-139 effective July 1, 2000.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 3 - Public Records: General Provisions › Section 1-18. - Disposition of original documents.

The original records, papers or documents reproduced pursuant to this chapter may be disposed of in such manner as approved by (1) the head of the political subdivision in charge thereof, and (2) the Public Records Administrator. All other original records, papers or documents so reproduced may be disposed of at the option of the keeper thereof.
(1949 Rev., S. 8889; 1955, S. 3357d; 1963, P.A. 152, S. 2; P.A. 76-18; 76-126; P.A. 12-66, S. 18.)
History: 1963 act added provision relative to probate judge; P.A. 76-18 changed “judge of probate” to “probate court administrator”; P.A. 76-126 deleted provision for approval by the attorney general; P.A. 12-66 substituted “reproduced pursuant to this chapter” for “so reproduced”, deleted reference to Probate Court Administrator in the case of probate records, inserted Subdiv. designators (1) and (2) and made a technical change.
See Sec. 11-8(b) re appointment of Public Records Administrator.
Cited. 168 C. 435; 169 C. 186; 206 C. 449; 220 C. 225.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 3 - Public Records: General Provisions › Section 1-20. - Refusal of access. Appeal.

Section 1-20 is repealed.
(1957, P.A. 428, S. 2, 3; 1961, P.A. 521; 1969, P.A. 311; P.A. 74-183, S. 160, 291; P.A. 75-342, S. 17.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 4 - Oaths › Section 1-22. - Ceremony.

The ceremony to be used, by persons to whom an oath is administered, shall be the holding up of the right hand; but when any person, by reason of scruples of conscience, objects to such ceremony or when the court or authority by whom the oath is to be administered has reason to believe that any other ceremony will be more binding upon the conscience of the witness, such court or authority may permit or require any other ceremony to be used.
(1949 Rev., S. 3573.)
Statutory formalities are to be observed. 41 C. 206. Whether witness has scruples of conscience against taking an oath is to be accepted from statement of witness without further proof; error to deny accused right to affirm on sole ground that he believed in Supreme Being. 109 C. 711. Cited. 176 C. 17; 210 C. 359; 211 C. 555; Id., 672; 224 C. 563.
Cited. 9 CA 1.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 4 - Oaths › Section 1-23. - When affirmation may be used.

When any person, required to take an oath, from scruples of conscience declines to take it in the usual form or when the court is satisfied that any person called as a witness does not believe in the existence of a Supreme Being, a solemn affirmation may be administered to him in the form of the oath prescribed, except that instead of the word “swear” the words “solemnly and sincerely affirm and declare” shall be used and instead of the words “so help you God” the words “upon the pains and penalties of perjury or false statement” shall be used.
(1949 Rev., S. 3574; 1971, P.A. 871, S. 57.)
History: 1971 act added the words “or false statement” to wording of affirmation.
Cited. 202 C. 463; 211 C. 555.
Cited. 9 CA 1.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 4 - Oaths › Section 1-24a. - Affiant may swear truth of document or other writing before proper officer, when.

In any matter in which a document or other writing is to be submitted under penalty of false statement, the affiant may, in lieu thereof, swear to the truth of the document or writing before any proper officer.
(P.A. 99-84, S. 32.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 5 - Bonds › Section 1-26. - Construction of bond requirement.

Except as otherwise provided by the general statutes, whenever any person is by law required to give a bond, such requirement shall mean a bond with surety.
(1949 Rev., S. 3577; 1967, P.A. 549, S. 6.)
History: 1967 act added “except as otherwise provided by the general statutes”.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 5 - Bonds › Section 1-27. - Joint control of money and assets by principal and surety.

Any person of whom a bond, undertaking or other obligation is required may agree with his surety or sureties concerning the deposit of any money or assets for which he and his surety or sureties are held responsible with a bank, savings bank or safe-deposit or trust company authorized by law to do business as such, or with any other depository approved by the court requiring such obligation or by a judge thereof, if such deposit is otherwise legal, for the safekeeping thereof. Such deposit shall be made in such manner as to prevent the withdrawal of such money or assets or any part thereof without the written consent of such surety or sureties or an order of such court or judge made on such notice to such surety or sureties as such court or judge directs; provided such agreement shall not release from or change the liability of the principal or sureties as established by the terms of such bond.
(1949 Rev., S. 3578.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 6 - Uniform Acknowledgment Act › Section 1-28. - Permissible forms of acknowledgment.

Any instrument may be acknowledged in the manner and form now provided by other laws of this state, or as provided by this chapter.
(1961, P.A. 65, S. 1.)
Cited. 176 C. 17.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 6 - Uniform Acknowledgment Act › Section 1-29. - Acknowledgments within state.

The acknowledgment of any instrument may be made in this state before: (1) A judge of a court of record or a family support magistrate; (2) a clerk or deputy clerk of a court having a seal; (3) a town clerk; (4) a notary public; (5) a justice of the peace; or (6) an attorney admitted to the bar of this state.
(1961, P.A. 65, S. 2; P.A. 87-316, S. 2; P.A. 03-278, S. 2.)
History: P.A. 87-316 authorized family support magistrates to take acknowledgments; P.A. 03-278 made a technical change in Subdiv. (3), effective July 9, 2003.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 6 - Uniform Acknowledgment Act › Section 1-30. - Acknowledgments in other states, territories or possessions.

The acknowledgment of any instrument may be made without the state but within the United States or a territory or insular possession of the United States and within the jurisdiction of the officer, before: (1) A clerk or deputy clerk of any federal court; (2) a clerk or deputy clerk of any court of record of any state or other jurisdiction; (3) a notary public; (4) a commissioner of deeds; (5) any person authorized by the laws of such other jurisdiction to take acknowledgments; (6) any attorney admitted to the bar in this state as provided in section 1-31a.
(1961, P.A. 65, S. 3; P.A. 91-110, S. 6, 9.)
History: P.A. 91-110 added Subdiv. (6) permitting acknowledgment of instrument as provided in Sec. 1-31a without the state before attorney admitted to bar in this state.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 6 - Uniform Acknowledgment Act › Section 1-31. - Acknowledgments without United States.

The acknowledgment of any instrument may be made without the United States before: (1) An ambassador, minister, charge d'affaires, counselor to or secretary of a legation, consul general, consul, vice-consul, commercial attache, or consular agent of the United States accredited to the country where the acknowledgment is made; (2) a notary public of the country where the acknowledgment is made; (3) a judge or clerk of a court of record of the country where the acknowledgment is made; (4) any attorney admitted to the bar in this state as provided in section 1-31a.
(1961, P.A. 65, S. 4; P.A. 91-110, S. 7, 9.)
History: P.A. 91-110 added Subdiv. (4) permitting acknowledgment of instrument as provided in Sec. 1-31a without the United States before attorney admitted to bar in this state.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 6 - Uniform Acknowledgment Act › Section 1-31a. - Acknowledgments by attorney outside state.

An acknowledgment of any instrument pertaining to real property located in this state or a power of attorney may be made outside the state before an attorney admitted to the bar in this state.
(P.A. 91-110, S. 8, 9.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 6 - Uniform Acknowledgment Act › Section 1-35. - Identification of acknowledging officer.

The certificate of the acknowledging officer shall be completed by his signature, his official seal if he has one, the title of his office and, if he is a notary public, the date his commission expires.
(1961, P.A. 65, S. 8.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 6 - Uniform Acknowledgment Act › Section 1-36. - Authentication.

(1) If the acknowledgment is taken within this state or is made without the United States by an officer of the United States no authentication shall be necessary.
(2) If the acknowledgment is taken without this state, but in the United States, or a territory or insular possession of the United States, the certificate shall be authenticated by a certificate as to the official character of such officer, executed, if the acknowledgment is taken by a clerk or deputy clerk of a court, by the presiding judge of the court or, if the acknowledgment is taken by a notary public, or any other person authorized to take acknowledgments, by a clerk of a court of record of the county, parish or district, or the clerk of the town, in which the acknowledgment is taken. The signature to such authenticating certificate may be a facsimile printed, stamped, photographed or engraved thereon when the certificate bears the seal of the authenticating officer. A judge or clerk authenticating an acknowledgment shall endorse thereon or attach thereto a certificate in substantially the following form:
State of ....
County of ....
I .... (judge or clerk) of the .... in and for said county, which court is a court of record, having a seal, (or I, clerk of the town of .... in said county,) do hereby certify that .... by and before whom the foregoing (or annexed) acknowledgment was taken, was at the time of taking the same a notary public (or other officer) residing (or authorized to act) in said county, and was authorized by the laws of said state to take and certify acknowledgments in said state, and, further, that I am acquainted with his handwriting and that I believe that the signature to the certificate of acknowledgment is genuine.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of the court this .... day of ...., 20...
(3) If the acknowledgment is taken without the United States and by a notary public or a judge or clerk of a court of record of the country or the clerk of the town where the acknowledgment is taken, the certificate shall be authenticated by a certificate under the great seal of state of the country, affixed by the custodian of such seal, or by a certificate of a diplomatic, consular or commercial officer of the United States accredited to that country, certifying as to the official character of such officer. The officer authenticating an acknowledgment shall endorse thereon or attach thereto a certificate in substantially the form prescribed in subsection (2) of this section.
(1961, P.A. 65, S. 9; 1971, P.A. 387, S. 2.)
History: 1971 act included town clerks; (Revisor's note: In 2001 the reference in this section to the date “19..” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “20..” to reflect the new millennium).
See Sec. 47-7 re validity of acknowledgments taken in other state or U.S. territory.
These statutory requirements are inapplicable to extradition documentation because Sec. 54-159 provides for authentication by the executive authority. 195 C. 465.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 6 - Uniform Acknowledgment Act › Section 1-37. - Acknowledgment in compliance with law of other jurisdiction.

Notwithstanding any provision in this chapter, the acknowledgment of any instrument without this state in compliance with the manner and form prescribed by the laws of the place of its execution, if in a state, a territory or insular possession of the United States, or in the District of Columbia, verified by the official seal of the officer before whom it is acknowledged, and authenticated in the manner provided by subsection (2) of section 1-36, shall have the same effect as an acknowledgment in the manner and form prescribed by the laws of this state for instruments executed within the state.
(1961, P.A. 65, S. 10.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 6 - Uniform Acknowledgment Act › Section 1-38. - Acknowledgment of person in armed forces.

In addition to the acknowledgment of instruments in the manner and form and as otherwise authorized by this chapter, persons serving in or with the armed forces of the United States or their dependents, wherever located, may acknowledge the same before any commissioned officer in active service of the armed forces of the United States with the rank of second lieutenant or higher in the Army, Air Force or Marine Corps, or ensign or higher in the Navy or Coast Guard. The instrument shall not be rendered invalid by the failure to state therein the place of execution or acknowledgment. No authentication of the officer's certificate of acknowledgment shall be required but the officer taking the acknowledgment shall endorse thereon or attach thereto a certificate substantially in the following form:
On this the .... day of ...., 20.., before me, ...., the undersigned officer, personally appeared .... (Serial No.) (if any) ...., known to me (or satisfactorily proven) to be (serving in or with the armed forces of the United States) (a dependent of ...., (Serial No.) (if any) ...., a person serving in or with the armed forces of the United States) and to be the person whose name is subscribed to the within instrument and acknowledged that .... he .... executed the same for the purposes therein contained. And the undersigned does further certify that he is at the date of this certificate a commissioned officer of the rank stated below and is in the active service of the armed forces of the United States.
....
Signature of the Officer
....
Rank and Serial No. of Officer
and Command to which attached.
(1961, P.A. 65, S. 11.)
History: (Revisor's note: In 2001 the reference in this section to the date “19..” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “20..” to reflect the new millennium).
See Sec. 27-137 re acknowledgments by persons serving in armed forces and their spouses.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 7 - Statutory Short Form Power of Attorney (Repealed) › Section 1-42 to 1-54. - Short title: Connecticut Statutory Short Form Power of Attorney Act. Form. Real estate transactions. Chattel and goods transactions. Bond, share and commodity transactions. Banking transactions. Business operating transactions. Insurance transactions. Estate transactions. Claims and litigation. Personal relationships and affairs. Benefits from military service. Records, reports and statements.

Sections 1-42 to 1-54, inclusive, are repealed, effective October 1, 2016.
(February, 1965, P.A. 573, S. 1–13; P.A. 90-71, S. 1; P.A. 93-203, S. 5; P.A. 95-79, S. 185, 189; 95-316, S. 1; P.A. 07-252, S. 1; P.A. 14-204, S. 1; P.A. 15-240, S. 57; P.A. 16-40, S. 9.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 7 - Statutory Short Form Power of Attorney (Repealed) › Section 1-54a. - Health care decisions.

Section 1-54a is repealed, effective October 1, 2006.
(P.A. 90-71, S. 2; P.A. 91-382; P.A. 93-407, S. 4; P.A. 06-195, S. 87.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 1 - Provisions of General Application › Chapter 7 - Statutory Short Form Power of Attorney (Repealed) › Section 1-55 and 1-56. - General authority of agent. Additional provisions authorized in form.

Sections 1-55 and 1-56 are repealed, effective October 1, 2016.
(February, 1965, P.A. 573, S. 14, 15; P.A. 91-406, S. 1, 29; P.A. 06-195, S. 59; P.A. 07-252, S. 2; P.A. 15-240, S. 57; P.A. 16-40, S. 9.)