2023 Delaware Code › Title 6 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 17. LIMITED PARTNERSHIPS › Subchapter II. Formation; Certificate of Limited Partnership › § 17-218. Series of limited partners, general partners, partnership interests or assets.

§§ 17-218. Series of limited partners, general partners, partnership interests or assets.
(a) A partnership agreement may establish or provide for the establishment of 1 or more designated series of limited partners, general partners, partnership interests or assets. Any such series may have separate rights, powers or duties with respect to specified property or obligations of the limited partnership or profits and losses associated with specified property or obligations, and any such series may have a separate business purpose or investment objective. No provision of subsection (b) of this section or § 17-221 of this title shall be construed to limit the application of the principle of freedom of contract to a series that is not a protected series or a registered series. Other than pursuant to §§ 17-222, 17-223 and 17-224 of this title a series may not merge, convert or consolidate pursuant to any section of this title or any other statute of this State.
(b) A series established in accordance with the following sentence is a protected series. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this chapter or under other applicable law, in the event that a partnership agreement establishes or provides for the establishment of 1 or more series, and to the extent the records maintained for any such series account for the assets associated with such series separately from the other assets of the limited partnership, or any other series thereof, and if the partnership agreement so provides, and if notice of the limitation on liabilities of a series as referenced in this subsection is set forth in the certificate of limited partnership, then the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to such series shall be enforceable only against the assets of such series or the general partners associated with such series and not against the assets of the limited partnership generally, any other series thereof, or any general partner not associated with such series, and, unless otherwise provided in the partnership agreement, none of the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to the limited partnership generally or any other series thereof shall be enforceable against the assets of such series or the general partners associated with such series who are not also general partners of the limited partnership generally or general partners associated with the other series, as the case may be. Neither the preceding sentence nor any provision pursuant thereto in a partnership agreement or certificate of limited partnership shall (i) restrict a protected series or limited partnership on behalf of a protected series or a general partner associated with a protected series from agreeing in the partnership agreement or otherwise that any or all of the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to the limited partnership generally or any other series thereof shall be enforceable against the assets of such series or such general partner associated with such series, (ii) restrict a limited partnership from agreeing in the partnership agreement or otherwise that any or all of the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to a protected series shall be enforceable against the assets of the limited partnership generally, or (iii) restrict a general partner of the limited partnership from agreeing in the partnership agreement or otherwise that any or all of the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to a protected series shall be enforceable against the assets of such general partner. A partnership agreement does not need to use the term protected when referencing series or refer to this section. Assets associated with a protected series may be held directly or indirectly, including in the name of such series, in the name of the limited partnership, through a nominee or otherwise. Records maintained for a protected series that reasonably identify its assets, including by specific listing, category, type, quantity, computational or allocational formula or procedure (including a percentage or share of any asset or assets) or by any other method where the identity of such assets is objectively determinable, will be deemed to account for the assets associated with such series separately from the other assets of the limited partnership, or any other series thereof. Notice in a certificate of limited partnership of the limitation on liabilities of a protected series as referenced in this subsection shall be sufficient for all purposes of this subsection whether or not the limited partnership has established any protected series when such notice is included in the certificate of limited partnership, and there shall be no requirement that (i) any specific protected series of the limited partnership be referenced in such notice, or (ii) such notice use the term protected when referencing series or include a reference to this section. The fact that a certificate of limited partnership that contains notice of the limitation on liabilities of a protected series is on file in the office of the Secretary of State shall constitute notice of such limitation on liabilities of a protected series. As used in this chapter, a reference to assets of a protected series includes assets associated with such series and a reference to assets associated with a protected series includes assets of such series, a reference to limited partners or general partners of a protected series includes limited partners or general partners associated with such series, and a reference to limited partners or general partners associated with a protected series includes limited partners or general partners of such series. The following shall apply to a protected series:
(1) A limited partnership governed by a partnership agreement that establishes or provides for the establishment of 1 or more series shall have at least 1 general partner of the partnership generally and at least 1 general partner associated with each of its protected series. If a partnership agreement does not designate an initial general partner of a particular protected series, then each general partner of the limited partnership generally shall be deemed to be a general partner associated with such series. If a partnership agreement does not designate an initial general partner of the limited partnership generally, then each general partner of the limited partnership not associated with a protected series or a registered series shall be deemed to be a general partner of the limited partnership generally, but if there is no such general partner, then each general partner of the limited partnership shall be deemed to be a general partner of the limited partnership generally. General partners of the limited partnership generally and general partners associated with a protected series are general partners of the limited partnership under this chapter. Limited partners of the limited partnership generally and limited partners associated with a protected series are limited partners of the limited partnership under this chapter. The same person may be a general partner of the limited partnership generally and be associated with any or all protected series thereof. The same person may be a limited partner of the limited partnership generally and be associated with any or all protected series thereof.
(2) A protected series may carry on any lawful business, purpose or activity, whether or not for profit, with the exception of the business of banking as defined in § 126 of Title 8. Unless otherwise provided in a partnership agreement, a protected series shall have the power and capacity to, in its own name, contract, hold title to assets (including real, personal and intangible property), grant liens and security interests, and sue and be sued.
(3) A limited partner of a protected series is not liable for the obligations of such series unless such limited partner is also a general partner of such series or, in addition to the exercise of the rights and powers of a limited partner of such series, such limited partner participates in the control of the business of such series. If a limited partner of a protected series participates in the control of the business of such series, such limited partner is liable only to persons who transact business with such series reasonably believing, based upon such limited partner's conduct, that such limited partner is a general partner of such series. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, under a partnership agreement or under another agreement, a limited partner of a protected series may agree to be obligated personally for any or all of the debts, obligations and liabilities of 1 or more protected series.
(4) A limited partner may possess or exercise any of the rights and powers or act or attempt to act in 1 or more of the capacities as permitted under § 17-303 of this title, with respect to the limited partnership and any series, without participating in the control of the business of the limited partnership or with respect to any series within the meaning of § 17-303(a) of this title. A partnership agreement may provide for classes or groups of general partners or limited partners associated with a protected series having such relative rights, powers and duties as the partnership agreement may provide, and may make provision for the future creation in the manner provided in the partnership agreement of additional classes or groups of general partners or limited partners associated with such series having such relative rights, powers and duties as may from time to time be established, including rights, powers and duties senior to existing classes and groups of general partners or limited partners associated with such series. A partnership agreement may provide for the taking of an action, including the amendment of the partnership agreement, without the vote or approval of any general partner or limited partner or class or group of general partners or limited partners, including an action to create under the provisions of the partnership agreement a class or group of a protected series of partnership interests that was not previously outstanding. A partnership agreement may provide that any limited partner or class or group of limited partners associated with a protected series shall have no voting rights.
(5) A partnership agreement may grant to all or certain identified general partners or limited partners or a specified class or group of the general partners or limited partners associated with a protected series the right to vote separately or with all or any class or group of the general partners or limited partners associated with such series, on any matter. Voting by general partners or limited partners associated with a protected series may be on a per capita, number, financial interest, class, group or any other basis.
(6) Section 17-603 of this title shall apply to a limited partner with respect to any protected series with which the limited partner is associated. Except as otherwise provided in a partnership agreement, any event under this subsection or in a partnership agreement that causes a limited partner of a protected series to cease to be associated with such series shall not, in itself, cause such limited partner to cease to be associated with any other series or to be a limited partner of the limited partnership generally or cause the termination of the protected series, regardless of whether such limited partner was the last remaining limited partner associated with such series. A limited partner of a protected series shall cease to be a limited partner with respect to such series and to have the power to exercise any rights or powers of a limited partner with respect to such series upon the happening of either of the following events:
a. The limited partner withdraws with respect to such series in accordance with § 17-603 of this title; or
b. Except as otherwise provided in the partnership agreement, the limited partner assigns all of that limited partner's own partnership interest with respect to such series.
(7) Section 17-602 of this title shall apply to a general partner with respect to any protected series with which the general partner is associated. A general partner of a protected series shall cease to be a general partner with respect to such series and to have the power to exercise any rights or powers of a general partner with respect to such series upon an event of withdrawal of the general partner with respect to such series. Except as otherwise provided in a partnership agreement, either of the following events or any event in a partnership agreement that causes a general partner of a protected series to cease to be associated with such series shall not, in itself, cause such general partner to cease to be associated with any other series or to be a general partner of the limited partnership generally:
a. The general partner withdraws with respect to such series in accordance with § 17-602 of this title; or
b. The general partner assigns all of the general partner's partnership interest with respect to such series.
(8) Notwithstanding § 17-606 of this title, but subject to paragraphs (b)(9) and (b)(11) of this section, and unless otherwise provided in a partnership agreement, at the time a partner of a protected series becomes entitled to receive a distribution with respect to such series, the partner has the status of, and is entitled to all remedies available to, a creditor of such series, with respect to the distribution. A partnership agreement may provide for the establishment of a record date with respect to allocations and distributions with respect to a protected series.
(9) Notwithstanding § 17-607(a) of this title, a limited partnership may make a distribution with respect to a protected series. A limited partnership shall not make a distribution with respect to a protected series to a partner to the extent that at the time of the distribution, after giving effect to the distribution, all liabilities of such series, other than liabilities to partners on account of their partnership interests with respect to such series and liabilities for which the recourse of creditors is limited to specified property of such series, exceed the fair value of the assets associated with such series, except that the fair value of property of such series that is subject to a liability for which the recourse of creditors is limited shall be included in the assets associated with such series only to the extent that the fair value of that property exceeds that liability. For purposes of the immediately preceding sentence, the term “distribution” shall not include amounts constituting reasonable compensation for present or past services or reasonable payments made in the ordinary course of business pursuant to a bona fide retirement plan or other benefits program. A limited partner of a protected series who receives a distribution in violation of this subsection, and who knew at the time of the distribution that the distribution violated this subsection, shall be liable to such series for the amount of the distribution. A limited partner of a protected series who receives a distribution in violation of this subsection, and who did not know at the time of the distribution that the distribution violated this subsection, shall not be liable for the amount of the distribution. Subject to § 17-607(c) of this title, which shall apply to any distribution made with respect to a protected series under this subsection, this subsection shall not affect any obligation or liability of a limited partner under an agreement or other applicable law for the amount of a distribution.
(10) Subject to § 17-801 of this title, except to the extent otherwise provided in the partnership agreement, a protected series may be terminated and its affairs wound up without causing the dissolution of the limited partnership. The termination of a protected series shall not affect the limitation on liabilities of such series provided by this subsection. A protected series is terminated and its affairs shall be wound up upon the dissolution of the limited partnership under § 17-801 of this title or otherwise upon the first to occur of the following:
a. At the time specified in the partnership agreement;
b. Upon the happening of events specified in the partnership agreement;
c. Unless otherwise provided in the partnership agreement, upon the vote or consent of (i) all general partners associated with such series and (ii) limited partners associated with such series who own more than 2/3 of the then-current percentage or other interest in the profits of such series owned by all of the limited partners associated with such series;
d. An event of withdrawal of a general partner associated with such series unless at the time there is at least 1 other general partner associated with such series and the partnership agreement permits the business of such series to be carried on by the remaining general partner associated with such series and that partner does so, but such series is not terminated and is not required to be wound up by reason of any event of withdrawal if (i) within 90 days or such other period as is provided for in the partnership agreement after the withdrawal either (A) if provided for in the partnership agreement, the then-current percentage or other interest in the profits of such series specified in the partnership agreement owned by the remaining partners associated with such series agree or vote to continue the business of such series and to appoint, effective as of the date of withdrawal, 1 or more additional general partners for such series if necessary or desired, or (B) if no such right to agree or vote to continue the business of such series of the limited partnership and to appoint 1 or more additional general partners for such series is provided for in the partnership agreement, then more than 50 percent of the then-current percentage or other interest in the profits of such series owned by the remaining partners associated with such series agree or vote to continue the business of such series and to appoint, effective as of the date of withdrawal, 1 or more additional general partners for such series if necessary or desired, or (ii) the business of such series is continued pursuant to a right to continue stated in the partnership agreement and the appointment, effective as of the date of withdrawal, of 1 or more additional general partners to be associated with such series if necessary or desired; or
e. The termination of such series under paragraph (b)(12) of this section.
Unless otherwise provided in a partnership agreement, a limited partnership whose original certificate of limited partnership was filed with the Secretary of State and effective on or prior to July 31, 2015, shall continue to be governed by clause (ii) of paragraph (k)(3) of this section and clause (i)(B) of paragraph (k)(4) of this section as in effect on July 31, 2015 (except that “in writing” shall be deleted from such clause (i)(B) of paragraph (k)(4) of that section).
(11) Notwithstanding § 17-803(a) of this title, unless otherwise provided in the partnership agreement, a general partner associated with a protected series who has not wrongfully terminated such series or, if none, the limited partners associated with such series or a person approved by the limited partners associated with such series, in either case, by limited partners who own more than 50 percent of the then current percentage or other interest in the profits of such series owned by all of the limited partners associated with such series, may wind up the affairs of such series; but, the Court of Chancery, upon cause shown, may wind up the affairs of a protected series upon application of any partner associated with such series, the partner's personal representative or assignee, and in connection therewith, may appoint a liquidating trustee. The persons winding up the affairs of a protected series may, in the name of the limited partnership and for and on behalf of the limited partnership and such series, take all actions with respect to such series as are permitted under § 17-803(b) of this title. The persons winding up the affairs of a protected series shall provide for the claims and obligations of such series and distribute the assets of such series as provided in § 17-804 of this title, which section shall apply to the winding up and distribution of assets of a protected series. Actions taken in accordance with this subsection shall not affect the liability of limited partners and shall not impose liability on a liquidating trustee. Unless otherwise provided in a partnership agreement, a limited partnership whose original certificate of limited partnership was filed with the Secretary of State and effective on or prior to July 31, 2015, shall continue to be governed by the first sentence of this subsection as in effect on July 31, 2015.
(12) On application by or for a partner associated with a protected series, the Court of Chancery may decree termination of such series whenever it is not reasonably practicable to carry on the business of such series in conformity with a partnership agreement.
(13) For all purposes of the laws of the State of Delaware, a “protected series” is an association, regardless of the number of partners of such series.
(c) If a foreign limited partnership that is registering to do business in the State of Delaware in accordance with § 17-902 of this title is governed by a partnership agreement that establishes or provides for the establishment of designated series of limited partners, general partners, partnership interests or assets having separate rights, powers or duties with respect to specified property or obligations of the foreign limited partnership or profits and losses associated with specified property or obligations, that fact shall be so stated on the application for registration as a foreign limited partnership. In addition, the foreign limited partnership shall state on such application whether the debts, liabilities and obligations incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to a particular series, if any, shall be enforceable only against the assets of such series or the general partners associated with such series and not against the assets of the foreign limited partnership generally, any other series thereof, or the general partners not associated with such series, and, whether any of the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to the foreign limited partnership generally or any other series thereof shall be enforceable against the assets of such series or the general partners associated with such series who are not also general partners of the foreign limited partnership generally or general partners associated with the other series, as the case may be.
(d) If a partnership agreement provides the manner in which a termination of a protected series may be revoked, it may be revoked in that manner and, unless the limited partnership has dissolved and such dissolution has not been revoked or the partnership agreement prohibits revocation of termination of a protected series, then notwithstanding the occurrence of an event set forth in paragraph (b)(10)a., b., c., or d. of this section, the protected series shall not be terminated and its affairs shall not be wound up if, prior to the completion of the winding up of the protected series, the business of the protected series is continued, effective as of the occurrence of such event:
(1) In the case of termination effected by the vote or consent of the partners associated with the protected series or other persons, pursuant to such vote or consent (and the approval of any partners associated with the protected series or other persons whose approval is required under the partnership agreement to revoke a termination contemplated by this paragraph);
(2) In the case of termination under paragraph (b)(10)a. or b. of this section (other than a termination effected by the vote or consent of the partners associated with the protected series or other persons or an event of withdrawal of a general partner associated with the protected series), pursuant to such vote or consent that, pursuant to the terms of the partnership agreement, is required to amend the provision of the partnership agreement effecting such termination (and the approval of any partners associated with the protected series or other persons whose approval is required under the partnership agreement to revoke a termination contemplated by this paragraph); and
(3) In the case of termination effected by an event of withdrawal of a general partner associated with the protected series, pursuant to the vote or consent of:
a. All remaining general partners associated with the protected series; and
b. Limited partners associated with the protected series who own more than 2/3 of the then-current percentage or other interest in the profits of such series owned by all of the limited partners associated with such series, or if there is no limited partner associated with such series, the assignee of all of the limited partners' partnership interests in such series (and the approval of any partners associated with the protected series or other persons whose approval is required under the partnership agreement to revoke a termination contemplated by this paragraph); provided, however, if there is no remaining general partner associated with the protected series and no limited partner associated with such series or assignee of all of the limited partners' partnership interests in such series, the business of such series is continued, effective as of the occurrence of such event, pursuant to the vote or consent of the personal representative of the last remaining general partner associated with such series or the assignee of all of the general partners' partnership interests in such series (and the approval of any partners associated with the protected series or other persons whose approval is required under the partnership agreement to revoke a termination contemplated by this paragraph).
If termination is revoked pursuant to paragraph (d)(3) of this section and there is no remaining general partner associated with the protected series, 1 or more general partners associated with such series shall be appointed, effective as of the date of withdrawal of the last remaining general partner associated with such series, by the vote or consent of the limited partners associated with such series who own more than 2/3 of the then-current percentage or other interest in the profits of such series owned by all of the limited partners associated with such series, or if there is no limited partner associated with such series, the assignee of all of the limited partners' partnership interests in such series. If termination is revoked pursuant to paragraph (d)(3) of this section and there is no remaining general partner associated with such series and no limited partner associated with such series or assignee of all of the limited partners' partnership interests in such series, 1 or more general partners associated with such series shall be appointed, effective as of the date of withdrawal of the last remaining general partner associated with such series, by the vote or consent of the personal representative of the last remaining general partner associated with such series or the assignee of all of the general partners' partnership interests associated with such series.
If the dissolution of the limited partnership under § 17-801 of this title results in the termination of a protected series under this section, unless the partnership agreement prohibits revocation of termination of such series, the termination of such series shall be automatically revoked upon any revocation of dissolution of the limited partnership in accordance with § 17-806 of this title provided there is at least 1 general partner associated with such series. If an event of withdrawal of a general partner who was both the last remaining general partner of the limited partnership and the last remaining general partner associated with a protected series results in both the dissolution of the limited partnership under § 17-801 of this title and the termination of such series under this section, unless the partnership agreement prohibits revocation of termination of such series, the termination of such series shall be automatically revoked upon any revocation of dissolution of the limited partnership in accordance with § 17-806 of this title, and the general partner of the limited partnership appointed pursuant to § 17-806 of this title shall also be the general partner associated with such series effective as of the date of withdrawal of the last remaining general partner associated with such series.
The provisions of this subsection shall not be construed to limit the accomplishment of a revocation of termination of a protected series by other means permitted by law.
70 Del. Laws, c. 362, §  13;  70 Del. Laws, c. 186, §  1;  71 Del. Laws, c. 78, §§  21-31;  71 Del. Laws, c. 340, §§  10, 11;  72 Del. Laws, c. 386, §§  13-17;  74 Del. Laws, c. 104, §§  14-16;  74 Del. Laws, c. 265, §  9;  76 Del. Laws, c. 104, §§  25-31;  80 Del. Laws, c. 44, §§  6, 7;  80 Del. Laws, c. 269, §§  2, 3;  82 Del. Laws, c. 46, § 16;  84 Del. Laws, c. 42, § 1;  84 Del. Laws, c. 96, §§ 3, 4;