reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 4 - Methods of Performing Highway Work › ARTICLE 3 - By Permanent Road Divisions › Section 1194.5.

1194.5. A permanent road division formed for the purpose of maintenance that has ceased to exist as a result of the amendments made to Section 1194 by Section 3 of Chapter 1025 of the Statutes of 1969 may be reinstated as an active and functioning division upon order of the board of supervisors adopted by resolution, if the board finds that the necessity for maintenance work within the division continues to exist and any limited period of maintenance set forth in the petition for the formation of the division has not expired.
(Added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 97, Sec. 7.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 4 - Methods of Performing Highway Work › ARTICLE 3 - By Permanent Road Divisions › Section 1195.

1195. The board shall cause the notices, which are required to be posted by sections 1174 and 1180, to be posted at least fifteen days before the election along every highway proposed to be constructed or improved, at distances not more than one mile apart, and not less than three such notices.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 4 - Methods of Performing Highway Work › ARTICLE 3 - By Permanent Road Divisions › Section 1196.

1196. The board shall cause all publications, required by this article, particularly sections 1164, 1166, 1168, 1174 and 1180, in any proceeding or election, to be published in a newspaper published within the division, if any newspaper is published therein. If there is no newspaper published within the division, the board shall cause such publication to be made in a newspaper published within the county and considered by the board best adapted to give notice to the residents of the division. One publication each week for three successive weeks shall be a sufficient publication under this article, the last publication to be not less than seven days prior to the event of which the publication is notice.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 4 - Methods of Performing Highway Work › ARTICLE 3 - By Permanent Road Divisions › Section 1197.

1197. The expenses of organizing a division, conducting any necessary election, and providing engineering services, pursuant to this article, shall be a county charge payable out of the county general fund. If a division is formed and a tax levy authorized or parcel charge imposed, the expenses shall be recovered by the county from the funds of the division.
(Amended by Stats. 1985, Ch. 97, Sec. 8.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 1301.

1301. The provisions of this chapter and of the California Toll Bridge Authority Act shall be construed together, and if the provisions of this chapter conflict with or contravene the provisions of the California Toll Bridge Authority Act, the provisions of the latter shall prevail. Any action taken under the provisions of this chapter shall be taken not only in compliance with the requirements of this chapter but also in compliance with any applicable requirements of the California Toll Bridge Authority Act.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 1302.

1302. Nothing in this chapter shall limit or affect the acquisition or construction by the department of bridges upon State highways or of bridges over navigable streams, swamps, navigable estuaries, ponds, or arms of bay.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 1320.

1320. A board of supervisors may construct, operate, manage, or maintain summer bridges under rules and regulations, and at the times and places, that it considers necessary. The board shall cause any expenditure with regard to the bridges to be paid out of the county general fund.
(Added by Stats. 1986, Ch. 195, Sec. 139.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 2 - Construction, Maintenance, and Repair › Section 1321.

1321. All county bridges, not otherwise specially provided for, are maintained in the same manner as county highways are maintained. Such bridges are under the management and control of the board of supervisors.
(Amended by Stats. 1957, Ch. 413.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 2 - Construction, Maintenance, and Repair › Section 1331.

1331. Whenever any county has appointed a road commissioner for all road districts in the county as authorized by Section 2006, or whenever any county has adopted a county charter pursuant to Section 4 of Article XI of the California Constitution, providing for the appointment of a road commissioner as a county officer, and for the organization of a permanent road department for the construction, improvement, and maintenance of highways and bridges, the road commissioner has charge of the construction and maintenance of all county bridges in the county, under the order and direction of the board of supervisors as provided in Section 1332.
(Added by Stats. 1986, Ch. 195, Sec. 140.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 3 - Joint Bridges › Section 1390.

1390. Any bridge crossing the line between a city and a road district may be constructed and maintained, as provided in section 1391, by the city and by the county from the road fund of the district into which such bridge extends.
Any bridge crossing the line between cities may be constructed and maintained by such cities as provided in section 1391.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 3 - Joint Bridges › Section 1391.

1391. Any bridge referred to in section 1390 may be constructed by contract, let as provided by law, by any city into which the bridge extends, or by the county into which such bridge extends or in which such bridge is located. Any such city or county may contribute toward the expense of the construction or maintenance of such bridge by the appropriation for such purpose of any money in its treasury not otherwise appropriated, upon such terms and conditions as are prescribed by ordinance or resolution of the governing body of such city.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 3 - Joint Bridges › Section 1392.

1392. If the proportion to be paid by any such city or county can not be otherwise determined, the expense of construction or maintenance of any such bridge shall be borne equally by the city and from the road fund of the road district into both of which the bridge reaches, or by the cities into which the bridge reaches.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 3 - Joint Bridges › Section 1393.

1393. The proceeds of any bonds authorized by the voters of any such city or county for the acquisition, construction or completion of any such bridge, or any portion thereof, may be expended or contributed as provided in sections 1391 and 1392.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 3 - Joint Bridges › Section 1394.

1394. (a) Any county may join with any city located within such county in the acquisition, construction or maintenance of any bridge or viaduct within the county, whether such bridge or viaduct is or is to be located within or without any such city.
(b) The expense of the acquisition, construction or maintenance of any such bridge or viaduct shall be borne by such county and such city in such proportion as the legislative bodies thereof determine by resolution or ordinance and may be paid out of any funds available for such purpose.
(c) The authority and responsibility for the acquisition, construction or maintenance of any such bridge or viaduct shall vest in the county or in the city, or in both, as provided in the ordinances or resolutions apportioning the expense.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 3 - Joint Bridges › Section 1395.

1395. Any bridge which crosses the line between counties, unless otherwise specially provided for, shall be constructed by the counties into which such bridge reaches. Each of the counties into which any such bridge reaches shall pay that portion of the expense of the bridge previously agreed upon by the boards of supervisors of such counties, even though such bridge reaches within the limits of a city.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 3 - Joint Bridges › Section 1396.

1396. The boards of supervisors in their respective counties may erect free county bridges on county highways across navigable bodies of water in this State.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 3 - Joint Bridges › Section 1397.

1397. If a navigable body of water is the boundary line between counties, the boards of such counties may join in the construction of a free county bridge upon the terms to which they agree. In the event of a failure to agree, either county may build a bridge and retain control thereof.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 3 - Joint Bridges › Section 1398.

1398. The board of supervisors of any county may declare that it is necessary for the public convenience to construct a bridge across any body of water or swampland which lies in or extends into the county, and may prescribe the points between which such bridge will be built. Thereafter the board may let any contract to build the bridge, and pay for any such work out of the county general fund.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 3 - Joint Bridges › Section 1399.

1399. The boards of supervisors of two adjoining counties may enter into an agreement with any person with whom such boards desire to collaborate for the purposes specified in section 1400, if such boards find that any of the following circumstances exist:
(a) That any bridge is necessary for highway purposes over any navigable body of water lying between such counties.
(b) That any existing bridge over any navigable body of water lying between such counties, and used wholly or in part for highway purposes, whether owned by either county or both counties, or used by either or both by agreement with the owner of the bridge, requires, in the interest of commerce or because of lack of repair:
(1) Reconstruction.
(2) Replacement by a new structure.
(3) Relocation at a place on such navigable body of water better suited to the use of the bridge or to the use of such navigable water.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 3 - Joint Bridges › Section 1400.

1400. The agreement authorized by section 1399 may provide for any of the following:
(a) The construction of a bridge.
(b) The reconstruction of the existing bridge or its replacement by a new structure.
(c) The rebuilding of the bridge at another location.
(d) The joint use of the resulting bridge thereafter by such person and the public.
(e) The apportionment of the expense of any bridge work between each of the counties and such person jointly using or to use the bridge. In no event shall either county agree to contribute more than one-third of the expense of construction, reconstruction, relocation, replacement or repair of any such bridge.
(f) The construction and use of the bridge in the manner and upon the terms and conditions agreed upon between such counties and such person.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 3 - Joint Bridges › Section 1401.

1401. Any work done pursuant to such an agreement is exempt from any provisions of law regarding the letting of contracts by counties for the performance of any work upon bridges.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 3 - Joint Bridges › Section 1402.

1402. The board of supervisors of any county now controlling or maintaining, by virtue of any statute, any bridge across any navigable stream, which bridge is wholly or in part within any city, may whenever necessary:
(a) Reconstruct all or any part of such bridge.
(b) Replace such bridge by a new structure.
(c) With the consent of the governing body of such city, change the location of such bridge to a location on the stream better suited to the use of the bridge or to the use of the navigable stream. The board of supervisors may abandon any such existing bridge and build a new bridge at such changed location.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 3 - Joint Bridges › Section 1403.

1403. The board of supervisors reconstructing, replacing or relocating such bridge may enter into an agreement with any person who is then maintaining any bridge across any such navigable stream, for the building of a joint bridge in order to prevent the impeding of commerce on such navigable stream, and to apportion the expense between the county and the person in any manner mutually agreed upon.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 3 - Joint Bridges › Section 1404.

1404. The expense of such reconstruction, or of the building of a new bridge is payable from the same fund provided by law for the maintenance and repair of any such bridge. If the county makes such an agreement with any person for the building of a joint bridge, the county shall pay from such fund only its portion of the cost of the joint bridge, as settled by the agreement. In no event may the county pay more than one-half the expense of construction, repair or reconstruction of any such joint bridge.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 4 - Subways › Section 1431.

1431. Whenever in the interests of commerce, for the benefit of the residents of the county, or for the purpose of expediting travel between points on opposite sides of any navigable body of water, the board of supervisors of any county finds it advisable to construct for the public use any subway under any such navigable body of water, at a location determined upon by the board, the board shall call an election and submit to the electors of the county the question whether bonds of the county will be issued and sold for the purpose of constructing such a subway.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 4 - Subways › Section 1432.

1432. The order calling such an election shall be valid and effectual when signed by two-thirds of the members of the board. The election shall be held and the bonds issued in accordance with the provisions of law governing county bond elections and the issuance of county bonds.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 4 - Subways › Section 1433.

1433. The board of supervisors of any county may, for the purpose of ascertaining the probable expense of any proposed subway, expend out of the county general fund a sum not exceeding thirty-five hundred dollars. When any such proposed subway reaches partly into one county and partly into another, such counties shall equally divide the expenditure necessary to ascertain the probable expense of any such proposed subway, but such expenditure shall not exceed in the aggregate the sum of thirty-five hundred dollars.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 4 - Subways › Section 1434.

1434. Whenever any such subway is proposed to be constructed under any navigable body of water forming the dividing line between counties, the boards of supervisors of each of the counties into which any such subway will reach shall first agree as to what portions of the expense of such subway will be paid by each county. Thereafter the board of each county may take the proceedings it considers proper under the provisions of this article.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 4 - Subways › Section 1435.

1435. Such a subway shall not be constructed under any navigable body of water forming the dividing line between counties, unless all the counties into which such subway reaches first authorize such work and also authorize the issue of bonds therefor in the manner provided in this article.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5 - County Bridges and Subways › ARTICLE 4 - Subways › Section 1436.

1436. Whenever any such proposed subway will reach within the limits of any city, if the governing body of each such city and the board of supervisors of the county in which each such city is situated first so agree, the board of supervisors may call an election and submit to the electors of the county, in the manner provided in this article, the question whether bonds of the county will be issued and sold for the purpose of constructing such a subway in the manner prescribed in this article.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5.5 - The Care and Protection of County Highways › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 1450.

1450. As used in this chapter:
(a) The term “highway” includes all or any part of the entire width of right of way of a county highway, whether or not such entire area is actually used for highway purposes.
(b) The term “encroachment” includes any tower, pole, poleline, pipe, pipeline, driveway, private road, fence, billboard, stand or building, or any structure or object of any kind or character not particularly mentioned in this section, which is placed in, under or over any portion of the highway.
(c) “Public agency” includes any city, public corporation, political subdivision, or district.
(d) “Road commissioner” means the county road commissioner appointed pursuant to Section 2006.
This chapter shall only apply to any works or facilities of any public agency or public utility if such works or facilities are installed pursuant to franchise in, under or over any public highway. This chapter shall not limit the powers and duties vested by law in the Public Utilities Commission of this state, and in the event of any conflict with regard to the powers and duties given the road commissioner in this chapter, those of the Public Utilities Commission shall prevail.
(Added by Stats. 1965, Ch. 789.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5.5 - The Care and Protection of County Highways › ARTICLE 2 - Permit Provisions › Section 1460.

1460. The road commissioner may issue written permits, as provided in this chapter, authorizing the permittee to do any of the following acts:
(a) Make an opening or excavation for any purpose in any county highway.
(b) Place, change or renew an encroachment.
(c) Place or display in, under or over any county highway any kind of advertising sign or device. Any such sign or device placed or displayed contrary to the provisions of this section is a public nuisance and the road commissioner may immediately remove it. The provisions of this section shall not prohibit the posting of any notice in the manner required by law or by the order of any court of this state.
(d) Plant, remove, cut, cut down, injure or destroy any tree, shrub, plant or flower growing within any county highway.
Any person who does any of the acts specified in this section, without the authority of such a permit, is guilty of a misdemeanor and is liable to the public agency for all expenses and damages caused thereby.
(Amended by Stats. 1971, Ch. 439.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5.5 - The Care and Protection of County Highways › ARTICLE 2 - Permit Provisions › Section 1461.

1461. Any act done under the authority of a written permit, issued pursuant to the provisions of this chapter, shall be done in accordance with the applicable provisions of this chapter, and the terms and conditions of such permit.
(Added by Stats. 1965, Ch. 789.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5.5 - The Care and Protection of County Highways › ARTICLE 2 - Permit Provisions › Section 1462.

1462. Any permit issued under the provisions of this chapter may provide that the permittee will pay the entire expense of replacing the highway in as good condition as before, and may provide such other conditions as to the location and the manner in which the work is to be done as the road commissioner finds necessary for the protection of the highway.
(Added by Stats. 1965, Ch. 789.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5.5 - The Care and Protection of County Highways › ARTICLE 2 - Permit Provisions › Section 1463.

1463. Any permit issued to a public agency or a public utility having lawful authority to occupy the highways shall contain a provision that in the event the future improvement of the highway necessitates the relocation of such encroachment the permittee will relocate the same at his sole expense. In said event the road commissioner shall serve on the permittee his written demand specifying the place of relocation, and specifying a reasonable time within which the work of relocation must be commenced. The permittee must commence such relocation within the time specified in said demand and thereafter diligently prosecute the same to completion.
All permits other than those issued to public agencies or a public utility having lawful authority to occupy the highways are revocable on five days’ notice and the encroachment must be removed or relocated as may be specified by the road commissioner in the notice revoking the permit and within a reasonable time specified by the road commissioner unless the permit provides a specified time.
Public utilities may be required, within a reasonable time, to relocate such of their facilities as interfere with an enlarged public use of the highway, except in those cases where the enlarged use of the highway involves a state freeway.
(Added by Stats. 1965, Ch. 789.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5.5 - The Care and Protection of County Highways › ARTICLE 2 - Permit Provisions › Section 1464.

1464. The road commissioner may, but is not required to, supervise any work done under any permit issued under the provisions of this chapter, in which event the permittee shall pay the reasonable cost of such supervision to the road commissioner, but no cost of supervision shall be charged by the road commissioner to any public corporation, provided, however, this section shall not operate to prevent charges made pursuant to Government Code Section 6103.6.
(Added by Stats. 1965, Ch. 789.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5.5 - The Care and Protection of County Highways › ARTICLE 2 - Permit Provisions › Section 1465.

1465. (a) Permittees may excavate openings in county highways to make repairs in cases of emergency requiring immediate action. In such cases the appropriate representative of the road commissioner shall be promptly notified of any such action, and such permittee, at his own expense, shall immediately replace such county highway in as good condition as before such excavation.
(b) A public agency supplying water service to its inhabitants may, within its corporate limits, excavate a county highway without a permit in cases of emergency requiring immediate action; but in such cases the county highway shall, at the expense of the public agency, be replaced in as good condition as before such excavation.
(Added by Stats. 1965, Ch. 789.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5.5 - The Care and Protection of County Highways › ARTICLE 2 - Permit Provisions › Section 1466.

1466. The road commissioner may delegate to any city any of the road commissioner’s powers, duties, and authority, other than those of approval, under this chapter as to any county highway, or any part thereof, within such city, and may withdraw any such delegation of authority.
(Added by Stats. 1965, Ch. 789.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5.5 - The Care and Protection of County Highways › ARTICLE 2 - Permit Provisions › Section 1467.

1467. The road commissioner may require the applicant to file with the road commissioner a satisfactory bond payable to the people of the county in such amount as the road commissioner deems sufficient, conditioned on the proper compliance by the permittee with the provisions of this chapter.
(Added by Stats. 1965, Ch. 789.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5.5 - The Care and Protection of County Highways › ARTICLE 2 - Permit Provisions › Section 1468.

1468. Except as otherwise provided in this section, such a bond shall not be required of any public agency or public utility having lawful authority to occupy the highways which is authorized by law to establish or maintain any works or facilities in, under or over any public highway, nor shall the application of any such public agency or public utility for a permit be denied.
The road commissioner may require of any such applicant a bond in a sum not to exceed twenty thousand dollars ($20,000), if such applicant has in fact prior to such application failed to comply with the provisions of this chapter or with the provisions of a previous permit.
(Added by Stats. 1965, Ch. 789.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5.5 - The Care and Protection of County Highways › ARTICLE 2 - Permit Provisions › Section 1469.

1469. Any city, municipal utility district, municipal water district, public utility having lawful authority to occupy the highways or metropolitan water district is entitled to a blanket permit issued by the road commissioner, renewable annually, for the installation of its service connections and for ordinary maintenance of its facilities located or installed in county highways; but the road commissioner may revoke any such blanket permit if the permittee fails to comply with the provisions of this article. When any such permit is revoked in a proper case such municipal utility district, municipal water district or metropolitan water district or public utility is entitled to a permit only on furnishing a bond as provided in Section 1467.
(Added by Stats. 1965, Ch. 789.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 5.5 - The Care and Protection of County Highways › ARTICLE 2 - Permit Provisions › Section 1470.

1470. This chapter shall not supersede the provisions of Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 7030), Division 4 of the Water Code.
(Added by Stats. 1965, Ch. 789.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 6 - Obstructions and Injuries to County Highways › Section 1480.

1480. As used in this chapter:
(a) The term “highway” includes all or any part of the entire width of right of way of a county highway, whether or not such entire area is actually used for highway purposes.
(b) The term “encroachment” includes any structure or object of any kind or character placed, without the authority of law, either in, under or over any county highway.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 6 - Obstructions and Injuries to County Highways › Section 1480.5.

1480.5. The road commissioner may immediately remove, or by notice may require the removal of, any of the following encroachments:
(a) An encroachment which obstructs or prevents the use of a county highway by the public.
(b) An encroachment which consists of refuse.
(c) An encroachment which is a traffic hazard.
(d) An encroachment which is an advertising sign or device of any description, unless excepted by subdivision (c) of Section 1460. The road commissioner may return such sign or device to its owner, or otherwise dispose of it in his discretion, except that if the commissioner determines in good faith that the sign or other device is of more than nominal value he shall not effect such other disposition until he has made a reasonable attempt to identify and notify the owner of the sign or device and provided a reasonable time for the owner to retrieve it under provisions of this section. The return of such sign or device to its owner may be conditioned upon payment of an amount sufficient to reimburse the road commissioner for the expense of removal.
The road commissioner may recover from the person causing any of the above encroachments, in an action brought in the name of the county for that purpose, the court costs of the road commissioner, the expense of such removal, and any other damages caused by the encroachment.
(Amended by Stats. 1975, Ch. 159.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 6 - Obstructions and Injuries to County Highways › Section 1481.

1481. The road commissioner may, by notice, require the removal of any other encroachment not specified in Section 1480.5 from any county highway.
(Amended by Stats. 1971, Ch. 439.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 6 - Obstructions and Injuries to County Highways › Section 1482.

1482. The notice referred to in Sections 1480.5 and 1481 shall be served upon the occupant or owner of the land, or the person causing, controlling or owning the encroachment, or shall be left at the place of residence of such occupant, owner or person if he resides in the county and is known to the person giving such notice. If the person upon whom notice is to be served does not reside in the county, the notice shall be posted on the encroachment. The notice shall specify the breadth of the highway, the place and extent of the encroachment, and shall require the removal of such encroachment within 10 days.
(Amended by Stats. 1971, Ch. 439.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 6 - Obstructions and Injuries to County Highways › Section 1483.

1483. If the encroachment is not removed, or its removal not commenced and diligently prosecuted, prior to the expiration of 10 days from and after the service or posting of the notice, the person causing, owning, or controlling the encroachment forfeits three hundred fifty dollars ($350) for each day the encroachment continues unremoved. The road commissioner shall immediately remove an encroachment that effectually obstructs and prevents the use of the highway by vehicles.
(Amended by Stats. 2003, Ch. 182, Sec. 4. Effective January 1, 2004.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 6 - Obstructions and Injuries to County Highways › Section 1484.

1484. If the encroachment is denied, and the owner or occupant of the land, or the person causing, owning or controlling the alleged encroachment refuses either to remove it or permit its removal, the road commissioner shall commence, in a court of competent jurisdiction, an action in the name of the county to abate the encroachment as a nuisance. If the commissioner recovers judgment he or she may, in addition to having the nuisance abated, recover a penalty of three hundred fifty dollars ($350) for each day the nuisance remains after service or posting of notice, and also the costs in the action, as provided in Section 1496.
(Amended by Stats. 2003, Ch. 182, Sec. 5. Effective January 1, 2004.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 6 - Obstructions and Injuries to County Highways › Section 1485.

1485. If the encroachment is not denied, but is not removed within five days from and after service or posting of the notice, the road commissioner may remove the encroachment at the expense of the owner or occupant of the land, or the person causing, owning or controlling the encroachment. The commissioner may recover from the owner, occupant, or person, in an action brought in the name of the county for that purpose, the commissioner’s court costs and the expense of removal and also a penalty of three hundred fifty dollars ($350) for each day the encroachment remained after service or posting of the notice, as provided in Section 1496.
(Amended by Stats. 2003, Ch. 182, Sec. 6. Effective January 1, 2004.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 6 - Obstructions and Injuries to County Highways › Section 1486.

1486. Gates shall not be allowed on any county highway except gates allowed by the board of supervisors in accordance with the provisions of section 966. If the expense of the erection and maintenance of such allowed gates is not paid as required by section 966, such gates shall be removed as an obstruction.
Any person who leaves any such gate open, or who wilfully and unnecessarily rides over ground adjoining the highway on which the gate is erected, shall be liable to the injured party for treble damages.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 6 - Obstructions and Injuries to County Highways › Section 1487.

1487. A person who, by means of ditches or dams, obstructs or injures any county highway, diverts any watercourse into any county highway, or drains water from his or her land upon any county highway, to the injury of the highway, shall, upon notice by the road commissioner, immediately cease and discontinue the obstruction and injury, and shall repair the highway at his or her own expense. He or she is liable to a penalty of three hundred fifty dollars ($350) for each day the obstruction or injury remains, recoverable as provided in Section 1496, and is also guilty of a misdemeanor.
(Amended by Stats. 2003, Ch. 182, Sec. 7. Effective January 1, 2004.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 6 - Obstructions and Injuries to County Highways › Section 1488.

1488. (a) A person who, in storing or distributing water for any purpose, permits water to overflow or by seepage to saturate a county highway, to the injury of the highway, shall, upon notice by the road commissioner, immediately cease the overflow or seepage and repair the injury caused by the overflow or seepage.
(b) The person permitting the overflow or seepage is liable to a penalty of three hundred fifty dollars ($350) for each day the overflow or seepage continues, recoverable as provided in Section 1496.
(c) If the repair required by subdivision (a) is not made by the person within a reasonable time, as determined by the road commissioner, the road commissioner may make those repairs and recover the expense of the repairs from the person in an action at law brought in the name of the county.
(Amended by Stats. 2003, Ch. 182, Sec. 8. Effective January 1, 2004.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 6 - Obstructions and Injuries to County Highways › Section 1488.5.

1488.5. The notice referred to in Sections 1487 and 1488 shall be given in the same manner as provided in Section 1482, except that the action it requires shall be taken immediately.
(Added by Stats. 2003, Ch. 182, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 2004.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 6 - Obstructions and Injuries to County Highways › Section 1489.

1489. Unless a bridge is constructed in accordance with Section 1490, all persons excavating irrigation, mining or drainage ditches across county highways shall construct bridges across such ditches wherever such ditches cross such highways. If such persons fail to construct such bridges, the road commissioner shall construct them and shall recover from such persons, in an action at law brought in the name of the county, the expense of such construction.
(Amended by Stats. 1957, Ch. 413.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 6 - Obstructions and Injuries to County Highways › Section 1490.

1490. The board of supervisors of any county may construct and maintain bridges over any ditches which are used exclusively for irrigation purposes and which cross county highways in the county. Such board may, with the consent of the owners of such ditches, declare any of such bridges to be public property, and may then maintain and repair such bridges at the expense of the county.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 6 - Obstructions and Injuries to County Highways › Section 1491.

1491. Any person who wilfully injures any county bridge is guilty of a misdemeanor, and is also liable for actual damages for such injury, to be recovered by the county in a civil action.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 6 - Obstructions and Injuries to County Highways › Section 1492.

1492. Any person who wilfully removes or injures any mile-board, milestone or guide-post, or any inscription thereon, erected on any county highway, is liable for a penalty of ten dollars, recoverable as provided in section 1496, for every such offense, and is also guilty of a misdemeanor.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 6 - Obstructions and Injuries to County Highways › Section 1492.5.

1492.5. Survey monuments shall be preserved, referenced, or replaced pursuant to Section 8771 of the Business and Professions Code.
(Added by Stats. 1994, Ch. 458, Sec. 11. Effective January 1, 1995.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 6 - Obstructions and Injuries to County Highways › Section 1493.

1493. Any person may notify the occupant or owner of any land, from which a tree or other obstruction has fallen upon any county highway, to remove such tree or obstruction forthwith. If it is not thus removed, the owner or occupant is liable for the expense of removal and for a penalty of one dollar for every day after such notification that such tree or obstruction is not removed. The penalty and the expense of removal are recoverable as provided in section 1496.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 6 - Obstructions and Injuries to County Highways › Section 1494.

1494. Any person who cuts down a tree which falls into any county highway shall immediately remove the tree, and is liable for a penalty of ten dollars, recoverable as provided in section 1496, for every day such tree remains in the highway.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 6 - Obstructions and Injuries to County Highways › Section 1495.

1495. Any person who maliciously digs up, cuts down, injures or destroys any shade or ornamental tree on any county highway, unless such tree is considered an obstruction by the road commissioner and is removed under his direction, is liable to a penalty of one hundred dollars, recoverable as provided in section 1496, for each such tree.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 6 - Obstructions and Injuries to County Highways › Section 1496.

1496. The road commissioner shall recover all penalties or forfeitures given in this chapter and the recovery of which is not otherwise provided for, by suit in the name of the county. He shall pay such recoveries into the road fund.
The provisions of this section are applicable to Sections 1484, 1485, 1487, 1492, 1493, 1494, and 1495, and to any other provision in this chapter imposing penalties or forfeitures.
(Amended by Stats. 1961, Ch. 801.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 7 - Highway Taxes › Section 1550.

1550. (a) A board of supervisors may form special road maintenance districts and levy special taxes for road and highway purposes to this chapter.
(b) Nothing contained in this section shall authorize any property tax for highway purposes to be levied or collected by a county within any city wherein work and improvements upon the streets are done by virtue of any law relating to street work and improvements within such a city.
(Amended by Stats. 2009, Ch. 332, Sec. 80. (SB 113) Effective January 1, 2010.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 7 - Highway Taxes › Section 1550.1.

1550.1. The board of supervisors may form special road maintenance districts in unincorporated areas of the county wholly outside of incorporated cities. Formation of these districts may be ordered by the board when in its opinion additional road funds are necessary to properly maintain highways and roads in specific unincorporated areas of the county. These districts shall be formed by order of the board setting forth the boundaries thereof. A district shall be in existence until the board shall by its order discontinue the district. If a district is to be formed, the board shall set a date for a hearing on the formation. This hearing shall not be held in less than three weeks after the date of the order for the hearing, and prior to the date of the hearing, a notice of the hearing shall be published twice in a newspaper of general circulation in the area, and, in addition, at least three notices shall be posted in public places within the proposed district. At the hearing, protests, if any, shall be heard on the proposed formation of the district. It shall be within the power of the board to determine from the results of the hearing the necessity for the special road maintenance district, and, if it be deemed necessary, the district may be formed.
(Amended by Stats. 2009, Ch. 332, Sec. 81. (SB 113) Effective January 1, 2010.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 7 - Highway Taxes › Section 1550.2.

1550.2. The board of supervisors may levy a special tax pursuant to Article 3.5 (commencing with Section 50075) of Chapter 1 of Part 1 of Division 1 of Title 5 of the Government Code, and spend the proceeds for the purposes of this chapter.
(Repealed and added by Stats. 2009, Ch. 332, Sec. 83. (SB 113) Effective January 1, 2010.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 7 - Highway Taxes › Section 1550.3.

1550.3. All work done in special road maintenance districts shall be done by the county road commissioner and all laws relating to the expenditure of road funds raised by property taxes shall apply to the expenditures of said districts.
(Amended by Stats. 1957, Ch. 413.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 7 - Highway Taxes › Section 1552.

1552. Except as otherwise provided in this code, all revenues from special taxes levied for highway and road purposes collected in each road district shall be expended for highway and road purposes within the district in which collected.
The board of supervisors shall cause such tax collected each year to be apportioned to the several road districts entitled thereto, and to be kept by the county treasurer in separate funds.
(Amended by Stats. 2009, Ch. 332, Sec. 85. (SB 113) Effective January 1, 2010.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 8 - Highway Funds › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 1580.

1580. The boards of supervisors, in their respective counties, shall audit all claims on the funds set apart for highway purposes and specify the funds from which the whole or any part of any claim shall be paid.
(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 29.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 8 - Highway Funds › ARTICLE 3 - Other Highway Funds › Section 1622.

1622. All amounts paid to each county, out of money derived from the Highway Users Tax Fund shall be deposited in a “road fund” which each board of supervisors shall establish for that purpose.
Interest received by a county from the investment of money in its road fund shall be deposited in the fund and shall be used for road purposes.
(Amended by Stats. 1969, Ch. 344.)
2023 California Code › Streets and Highways Code - SHC › DIVISION 2 - COUNTY HIGHWAYS › CHAPTER 8 - Highway Funds › ARTICLE 3 - Other Highway Funds › Section 1623.

1623. The board of supervisors of any county may expend any portion of the amounts thus received by that county in the construction, maintenance, improvement or repair of streets, bridges, and culverts within those cities in the county the governing bodies of which by ordinance or resolution authorize such work of acquisition of any real property or interest therein, or rights-of-way, construction, maintenance, improvement or repair. For this purpose each board of supervisors shall provide by ordinance the basis and conditions upon which allocations will be made from its road fund for expenditure upon streets, bridges, and culverts in cities within the county.
(Amended by Stats. 1961, Ch. 801.)