2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 6 - CONSUMER AND COMMERCIAL AFFAIRS (§§ 6-1-101 — 6-28-102) › FAIR TRADE AND RESTRAINT OF TRADE (§§ 6-1-101 — 6-6.5-101) › Article 1 - COLORADO CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT (§§ 6-1-101 — 6-1-1707) › Part 17 - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (§§ 6-1-1701 — 6-1-1707) › Section 6-1-1701 - Definitions

As used in this part 17, unless the context otherwise requires:
(1)
(a)
"Algorithmic discrimination" means any condition in which the use of an artificial intelligence system results in an unlawful differential treatment or impact that disfavors an individual or group of individuals on the basis of their actual or perceived age, color, disability, ethnicity, genetic information, limited proficiency in the English language, national origin, race, religion, reproductive health, sex, veteran status, or other classification protected under the laws of this state or federal law.
(b)
"Algorithmic discrimination" does not include:
(I)
The offer, license, or use of a high-risk artificial intelligence system by a developer or deployer for the sole purpose of:
(A)
The developer's or deployer's self-testing to identify, mitigate, or prevent discrimination or otherwise ensure compliance with state and federal law; or
(B)
Expanding an applicant, customer, or participant pool to increase diversity or redress historical discrimination; or
(II)
An act or omission by or on behalf of a private club or other establishment that is not in fact open to the public, as set forth in Title II of the federal "Civil Rights Act of 1964", 42 U.S.C. sec. 2000a (e), as amended.
(2)
"Artificial intelligence system" means any machine-based system that, for any explicit or implicit objective, infers from the inputs the system receives how to generate outputs, including content, decisions, predictions, or recommendations, that can influence physical or virtual environments.
(3)
"Consequential decision" means a decision that has a material legal or similarly significant effect on the provision or denial to any consumer of, or the cost or terms of:
(a)
Education enrollment or an education opportunity;
(b)
Employment or an employment opportunity;
(c)
A financial or lending service;
(d)
An essential government service;
(e)
Health-care services;
(f)
Housing;
(g)
Insurance; or
(h)
A legal service.
(4)
"Consumer" means an individual who is a Colorado resident.
(5)
"Deploy" means to use a high-risk artificial intelligence system.
(6)
"Deployer" means a person doing business in this state that deploys a high-risk artificial intelligence system.
(7)
"Developer" means a person doing business in this state that develops or intentionally and substantially modifies an artificial intelligence system.
(8)
"Health-care services" has the same meaning as provided in 42 U.S.C. sec. 234 (d)(2).
(9)
(a)
"High-risk artificial intelligence system" means any artificial intelligence system that, when deployed, makes, or is a substantial factor in making, a consequential decision.
(b)
"High-risk artificial intelligence system" does not include:
(I)
An artificial intelligence system if the artificial intelligence system is intended to:
(A)
Perform a narrow procedural task; or
(B)
Detect decision-making patterns or deviations from prior decision-making patterns and is not intended to replace or influence a previously completed human assessment without sufficient human review; or
(II)
The following technologies, unless the technologies, when deployed, make, or are a substantial factor in making, a consequential decision:
(A)
Anti-fraud technology that does not use facial recognition technology;
(B)
Anti-malware;
(C)
Anti-virus;
(D)
Artificial intelligence-enabled video games;
(E)
Calculators;
(F)
Cybersecurity;
(G)
Databases;
(H)
Data storage;
(I)
Firewall;
(J)
Internet domain registration;
(K)
Internet website loading;
(L)
Networking;
(M)
Spam- and robocall-filtering;
(N)
Spell-checking;
(O)
Spreadsheets;
(P)
Web caching;
(Q)
Web hosting or any similar technology; or
(R)
Technology that communicates with consumers in natural language for the purpose of providing users with information, making referrals or recommendations, and answering questions and is subject to an accepted use policy that prohibits generating content that is discriminatory or harmful.
(10)
(a)
"Intentional and substantial modification" or "intentionally and substantially modifies" means a deliberate change made to an artificial intelligence system that results in any new reasonably foreseeable risk of algorithmic discrimination.
(b)
"Intentional and substantial modification" or "intentionally and substantially modifies" does not include a change made to a high-risk Artificial intelligence system, or the performance of a high-risk Artificial intelligence system, if:
(I)
The high-risk artificial intelligence system continues to learn after the high-risk artificial intelligence system is:
(A)
Offered, sold, leased, licensed, given, or otherwise made available to a deployer; or
(B)
deployed;
(II)
The change is made to the high-risk artificial intelligence system as a result of any learning described in subsection (10)(b)(I) of this section;
(III)
The change was predetermined by the deployer, or a third party contracted by the deployer, when the deployer or third party completed an initial impact assessment of such high-risk artificial intelligence system pursuant to section 6-1-1703 (3); and
(IV)
The change is included in technical documentation for the High-risk artificial intelligence system.
(11)
(a)
"Substantial factor" means a factor that:
(I)
Assists in making a consequential decision;
(II)
Is capable of altering the outcome of a consequential decision; and
(III)
Is generated by an artificial intelligence system.
(b)
"Substantial factor" includes any use of an artificial intelligence system to generate any content, decision, prediction, or recommendation concerning a consumer that is used as a basis to make a consequential decision concerning the consumer.
(12)
"Trade secret" has the meaning set forth in section 7-74-102 (4).
Added by 2024 Ch. 198,§ 1, eff. 5/17/2024.