2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 12 - PROFESSIONS AND OCCUPATIONS (§§ 12-1-101 — 12-315-310) › HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONS AND OCCUPATIONS (§§ 12-170-101 — 12-315-310) › Article 255 - NURSES AND NURSE AIDES (§§ 12-255-101 — 12-255-215) › Part 1 - NURSES AND NURSE AIDES (§§ 12-255-101 — 12-255-136) › Section 12-255-119 - Disciplinary procedures of the board - inquiry and hearings panels - mental and physical examinations - definitions - rules

(1)
(a)
The president of the board shall divide the other members of the board into two panels of five members each. Members representing the different categories of membership (licensed practical nurses, professional nurses, certified midwives, and persons not licensed, employed, or in any way connected with, or with any financial interest in, any health-care facility, agency, or insurer) shall be divided between the two panels as equally as possible.
(b)
Each panel shall act as both an inquiry and a hearings panel. Members of the board may be assigned from one panel to the other by the president. The president may be a member of both panels, but in no event shall the president or any other member who has considered a complaint as a member of a panel acting as an inquiry panel take any part in the consideration of a formal complaint involving the same matter.
(c)
All matters referred to one panel for investigation shall be heard, if referred for formal hearing, by the other panel or a committee of the panel. However, in its discretion, either inquiry panel may elect to refer a case for formal hearing to a qualified administrative law judge, in lieu of a hearings panel of the board, for an initial decision pursuant to section
24-4-105
.
(d)
The initial decision of an administrative law judge may be reviewed pursuant to section
24-4-105 (14) and (15)
by the filing of exceptions to the initial decision with the hearings panel that would have heard the case if it had not been referred to an administrative law judge or by review upon the motion of the hearings panel. The respondent or the board's counsel shall file the exceptions.
(2)
Investigations shall be under the supervision of the panel to which they are assigned. The persons making the investigation shall report the results thereof to the assigning panel for appropriate action.
(3)
(a)
(I)
As used in this section:
(A)
"Grounds for discipline" includes grounds under sections
12-255-120
and
12-295-111
.
(B)
"License" includes licensure for a practical nurse or professional nurse, licensure for a certified midwife, and licensure for a psychiatric technician.
(C)
"Nurse", "licensee", or "respondent" includes a practical nurse, a professional nurse, a certified midwife, and a psychiatric technician as described in section
12-295-103 (4)
.
(D)
"Practice of nursing" includes the practice of practical nursing, the practice of professional nursing, and the practice as a psychiatric technician.
(II)
Written complaints relating to the conduct of a nurse licensed or authorized to practice nursing in this state or relating to the conduct of a certified midwife licensed or authorized to practice as a certified midwife in this state may be made by any person or may be initiated by an inquiry panel of the board on its own motion. Unless the board determines the complaint to be without merit of investigation, the board shall give notice of the complaint to the nurse or certified midwife complained of, by first-class mail, and shall state in the notice the nature of the complaint and that the failure to respond in a materially factual and timely manner constitutes grounds for discipline. The nurse or certified midwife complained of shall be given thirty days to answer or explain in writing the matters described in the complaint. Upon receipt of the nurse's or certified midwife's answer or at the conclusion of thirty days, whichever occurs first, the inquiry panel may take further action as set forth in subsection (3)(a)(III) of this section.
(III)
Upon receipt of the nurse's or certified midwife's answer or the conclusion of thirty days, the inquiry panel may conduct a further investigation that may be made by one or more members of the inquiry panel; in the case of a complaint against a nurse, one or more nurses who are not members of the board; in the case of a complaint against a certified midwife, one or more certified midwives or certified nurse midwives who are not members of the board; a member of the staff of the board; a professional investigator; or any other person or organization as the inquiry panel directs. The investigation must be entirely informal.
(b)
The board shall cause an investigation to be made when the board is informed of:
(I)
Disciplinary action taken by an employer of a nurse or certified midwife against the nurse or certified midwife or resignation in lieu of a disciplinary action for conduct that constitutes grounds for discipline under section
12-255-120
or
12-295-111
. The employer shall report the disciplinary action or resignation to the board.
(II)
An instance of a malpractice settlement or judgment against a nurse or certified midwife;
(III)
A nurse or certified midwife who has not timely renewed the nurse's or certified midwife's license and the nurse or certified midwife is actively engaged in the practice of nursing or as a certified midwife.
(c)
On completion of an investigation, the inquiry panel shall make a finding that:
(I)
The complaint is without merit and no further action need be taken;
(II)
There is no reasonable cause to warrant further action on the complaint;
(III)
An instance of conduct occurred that does not warrant formal action by the board and that should be dismissed, but that indications of possible conduct by the nurse or certified midwife were noted that could lead to serious consequences if not corrected. In such a case, the board shall send a confidential letter of concern in accordance with section
12-20-404 (5)
to the nurse or certified midwife against whom the complaint was made.
(IV)
An instance of misconduct occurred that, in the opinion of the board, does not warrant formal action by the board but that should not be dismissed as being without merit, in which case the board may issue and send a letter of admonition to the licensee in accordance with section
12-20-404 (4)
;
(V)
Facts were disclosed that warrant further proceedings by formal complaint, as provided in subsection (4) of this section, and that the complaint should be referred to the attorney general for preparation and filing of a formal complaint.
(4)
(a)
All formal complaints shall be heard and determined in accordance with subsection (4)(b) of this section and section
24-4-105
. Except as provided in subsection (1) of this section, all formal hearings shall be conducted by the hearings panel. The nurse or certified midwife may be present in person or represented by counsel, or both, if so desired, to offer evidence and be heard in the nurse's or certified midwife's own defense. At formal hearings, the witnesses shall be sworn and a complete record shall be made of all proceedings and testimony.
(b)
Except as provided in subsection (1) of this section, an administrative law judge shall preside at the hearing and shall advise the hearings panel on all legal matters in connection with the hearing as the panel may request. The administrative law judge shall provide such advice or assistance as the hearings panel may request in connection with the preparation of its findings and recommendations or conclusions. The administrative law judge may act in accordance with section
12-20-403
and perform other duties as the hearings panel may authorize the administrative law judge to perform. The administrative law judge shall have the qualifications provided in section
24-30-1003 (2)
.
(c)
(I)
To warrant a finding of grounds for discipline, the charges shall be established as specified in section
24-4-105 (7)
. Except as provided in subsection (1) of this section, the hearings panel shall make a report of its findings and conclusions that, when approved by a majority of those members of the hearings panel who have conducted the hearing pursuant to subsections (4)(a) and (4)(b) of this section, shall be the action of the board.
(II)
If it is found that the charges are unproven, the hearings panel, or an administrative law judge sitting in lieu of the hearings panel pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, shall enter an order dismissing the complaint.
(III)
If the hearings panel finds the charges proven and orders that discipline be imposed, it shall also determine the extent of the discipline, which may be in the form of a letter of admonition regarding a license or suspension for a definite or indefinite period, revocation, or nonrenewal of a license to practice. In addition to any other discipline that may be imposed pursuant to this section, the hearings panel may impose a fine of no less than two hundred fifty dollars but no more than one thousand dollars per violation on any nurse or certified midwife who violates this part 1 or any rule adopted pursuant to this part 1. The board shall adopt rules establishing a fine structure and the circumstances under which fines may be imposed.
(IV)
In determining appropriate disciplinary action, the hearings panel shall first consider sanctions that are necessary to protect the public. Only after the panel has considered such sanctions shall it consider and order requirements designed to rehabilitate the nurse or certified midwife. If discipline other than revocation of a license to practice is imposed, the hearings panel may also order that the nurse or certified midwife be granted probation and allowed to continue to practice during the period of the probation. The hearings panel may also include in any disciplinary order that allows the nurse or certified midwife to continue to practice such conditions as the panel may deem appropriate to assure that the nurse or certified midwife is physically, mentally, and otherwise qualified to practice nursing or as a certified midwife in accordance with generally accepted standards of practice, including any of the following:
(A)
Submission by the respondent to such examinations as the hearings panel may order to determine the respondent's physical or mental condition or the respondent's professional qualifications;
(B)
The taking by the respondent of such therapy or courses of training or education as may be needed to correct deficiencies found either in the hearing or by the examinations;
(C)
The review or supervision of the respondent's practice of nursing or as a certified midwife as may be necessary to determine the quality of the respondent's practice of nursing or as a certified midwife and to correct deficiencies in the respondent's practice; or
(D)
The imposition of restrictions upon the nature of the respondent's practice to assure that the respondent does not practice beyond the limits of the respondent's capabilities.
(V)
Upon the failure of the respondent to comply with any conditions imposed by the hearings panel pursuant to subsection (4)(c)(IV) of this section, the hearings panel may order revocation or suspension of the respondent's license to practice in this state until the respondent complies with the conditions.
(VI)
In making any of the orders provided in subsections (4)(c)(IV) and (4)(c)(V) of this section, the hearings panel may take into consideration the respondent's prior disciplinary record. If the hearings panel does take into consideration any prior discipline of the respondent, its findings and recommendations shall so indicate.
(VII)
In all cases of revocation, suspension, probation, or nonrenewal, the board shall enter in its records the facts of the revocation, suspension, probation, or nonrenewal and of any subsequent action of the board with respect thereto.
(d)
The attorney general shall prosecute those charges that have been referred to the office of the attorney general by the inquiry panel pursuant to subsection (3)(c)(V) of this section. The board may direct the attorney general to perfect an appeal.
(e)
The two-year waiting period specified in section
12-20-404 (3)
applies to any person whose license to practice nursing, practice as a certified midwife, or practice any other health-care occupation is revoked by any other legally qualified board.
(5)
A majority of the members of the board, three members of the inquiry panel, or three members of the hearings panel shall constitute a quorum. The action of a majority of those present comprising a quorum shall be the action of the board, the inquiry panel, or the hearings panel.
(6)
Upon the expiration of any term of suspension, the license shall be reinstated by the board if the board is furnished with evidence that the nurse or certified midwife has complied with all terms of the suspension. If the evidence shows the nurse or certified midwife has not complied with all terms of the suspension, the board may revoke or continue the suspension of the license at a hearing, notice of which and the procedure at which shall be as provided in this section.
(7)
In case any nurse or certified midwife is determined to be mentally incompetent or insane by a court of competent jurisdiction and a court enters, pursuant to part 3 or 4 of article
14
of title
15
or section
27-65-110 (4)
or
27-65-127
, an order specifically finding that the mental incompetency or insanity is of such a degree that the nurse or certified midwife is incapable of continuing the practice of nursing or as a certified midwife, the board shall automatically suspend the nurse's or certified midwife's license, and, notwithstanding any provision of this part 1 to the contrary, the suspension must continue until the nurse or certified midwife is found by the court to be competent to continue the practice of nursing or the practice as a certified midwife, as applicable.
(8)
(a)
If the board has reasonable cause to believe that a nurse is unable to practice nursing, or a certified midwife is unable to practice as a certified midwife, with reasonable skill and safety to patients because of a condition described in section
12-255-120 (1)(i) or (1)(j)
or section
12-295-111 (1)(i) or (1)(j)
, the board may require the nurse or certified midwife to submit to mental or physical examinations by a physician or other licensed health-care professional designated by the board. If a nurse or certified midwife fails to submit to the mental or physical examinations, the board may suspend the nurse's or certified midwife's license until the required examinations are conducted.
(b)
(I)
Every nurse or certified midwife shall be deemed, by so practicing or by applying for renewal registration of the nurse's or certified midwife's license, to have consented to submit to mental or physical examinations when directed in writing by the board. Further, the nurse or certified midwife shall be deemed to have waived all objections to the admissibility of the examining physician's or other licensed health-care professional's testimony or examination reports on the ground of privileged communication. Subject to applicable federal law, the nurse or certified midwife shall be deemed to have waived all objections to the production of medical records to the board from health-care providers that may be necessary for the evaluations described in subsection (8)(a) of this section.
(II)
Nothing in this section prevents a nurse or certified midwife from submitting to the board testimony or examination reports of a physician or other licensed health-care professional designated by the nurse or certified midwife to a condition described in subsection (8)(a) of this section that may be considered by the board in conjunction with, but not in lieu of, testimony and examination reports of the physician or licensed health-care professional designated by the board.
(c)
The results of any mental or physical examination ordered by the board shall not be used as evidence in any proceeding other than before the board and shall not be deemed a public record nor made available to the public.
(d)
The board may require that a nurse or certified midwife submit medical records for review in conjunction with an examination made pursuant to subsection (8)(a) of this section; except that the records remain confidential, and the board may review the records only to the extent necessary to conduct an investigation.
(9)
(a)
Investigations, examinations, hearings, meetings, or any other proceedings of the board conducted pursuant to the provisions of this section shall be exempt from the open meetings provisions of the "Colorado Sunshine Act of 1972", part 4 of article
6
of title
24
, requiring that proceedings of the board be conducted publicly, and the open records provisions of article
72
of title
24
, requiring that the minutes or records of the board with respect to action of the board taken pursuant to the provisions of this section be open to public inspection.
(b)
Notwithstanding the exemptions in subsection (9)(a) of this section, records of disciplinary action taken by the board pursuant to this section shall be open to public inspection pursuant to the open records provisions of article
72
of title
24
.
(10)
A physician or other licensed health-care professional who, at the request of the board, examines a nurse or certified midwife is immune from suit for damages by the nurse or certified midwife examined if the examining physician or examining licensed health-care professional conducted the examination and made findings or a diagnosis in good faith.
(11)
All actions taken and decisions rendered by the board prior to July 1, 1999, are hereby ratified.
(12)
Final board action may be judicially reviewed in accordance with section
12-20-408
. Judicial proceedings for the enforcement of a board order may be instituted in accordance with section
24-4-106
.
(13)
Upon certification of the custodian that copies of records subpoenaed pursuant to section
12-20-403 (2)
are true and complete except for the patient's name, the copies shall be deemed authentic, subject to the right to inspect the originals for the limited purpose of ascertaining the accuracy of the copies. No privilege of confidentiality shall exist with respect to the copies, and no liability shall lie against the board or the custodian or the custodian's authorized employee for furnishing or using the copies in accordance with this subsection (13).
(14)
The board may issue cease-and-desist orders under the circumstances and in accordance with the procedures specified in section
12-20-405
.
Amended by 2024 Ch. 489,§ 1, eff. 7/1/2024.
Amended by 2023 Ch. 261,§ 10, eff. 5/25/2023.
Amended by 2022 Ch. 451, § 11, eff. 8/10/2022.
Amended by 2020 Ch. 157, § 18, eff. 7/1/2020.
Amended by 2019 Ch. 169, § 19, eff. 10/1/2019.
Renumbered from C.R.S. §
12-38-116.5
and amended by 2019 Ch. 136, § 1, eff. 10/1/2019.
Amended by 2019 Ch. 169, § 10, eff. 7/1/2019.
L. 99: Entire section added, p. 236, § 6, effective July 1. L. 2004: (3)(c)(IV), (3)(c)(V), (13), and (14) amended, p. 1833, § 77, effective August 4. L. 2006: (15) to (19) added, p. 800, § 31, effective July 1. L. 2009: IP(4)(c)(III) and (9) amended and (4)(e) added, (SB 09-239), ch. 401, pp. 2167, 2172, 2171, §§ 5, 15, 11, effective July 1; (9) amended, (SB 09 -138), ch. 400, p. 2161, § 9, effective July 1. L. 2010: (7) amended, (SB 10 -175), ch. 188, p. 778, § 10, effective April 29.
(1) This section is similar to former § 12-38-116.5 as it existed prior to 2019.
(2) Before its relocation in 2019, this section was amended in SB 19-154. Those amendments were superseded by the repeal and reenactment of this title 12, effective October 1, 2019. For those amendments to the former section in effect from July 1, 2019, to October 1, 2019, see SB 19-154, chapter 169, Session Laws of Colorado 2019.
2022 Ch. 451, was passed without a safety clause. See Colo. Const. art. V, § 1(3).