reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-521. - Surrogacy agreements. Definitions.

As used in sections 46b-521 to 46b-538, inclusive:
(1) “Genetic surrogate” means a person who is not an intended parent and who agrees to become pregnant through assisted reproduction using that person's own gamete, under a genetic surrogacy agreement as provided in sections 46b-521 to 46b-538, inclusive.
(2) “Gestational surrogate” means a person who is not an intended parent and who agrees to become pregnant through assisted reproduction using gametes that are not that person's own, under a gestational surrogacy agreement as provided in sections 46b-521 to 46b-538, inclusive.
(3) “Surrogacy agreement” means an agreement between one or more intended parents and a person who is not an intended parent in which such person agrees to become pregnant through assisted reproduction and which provides that each intended parent is a parent of a child conceived under the agreement. Unless the context otherwise requires, “surrogacy agreement” includes an agreement with a person acting as a gestational surrogate and an agreement with a person acting as a genetic surrogate.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 60.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-522. - Eligibility to enter into gestational or genetic agreement.

(a) To execute an agreement to act as a gestational or genetic surrogate, a person shall:
(1) Have attained twenty-one years of age;
(2) Have previously given birth to at least one child;
(3) Complete a medical evaluation related to the surrogacy arrangement by a licensed physician;
(4) Complete a mental health evaluation by a licensed mental health professional;
(5) Have independent legal representation of the surrogate's choice throughout the surrogacy agreement regarding the terms of the surrogacy agreement and the potential legal consequences of the agreement; and
(6) Have or obtain a health insurance policy or other coverage for major medical treatment and hospitalization and such policy or other coverage shall be for a term that extends throughout the duration of the expected pregnancy and for eight weeks after the birth of the resulting child.
(b) To execute a surrogacy agreement, each intended parent, whether or not genetically related to the child, shall:
(1) Have attained twenty-one years of age;
(2) Complete a mental health evaluation by a licensed mental health professional; and
(3) Have independent legal representation of the intended parent's choice throughout the surrogacy agreement regarding the terms of the surrogacy agreement and the potential legal consequences of the agreement.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 61.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-523. - Requirements of gestational or surrogacy agreement: Process.

A surrogacy agreement shall be executed in compliance with the following rules:
(1) Not less than one party shall be a resident of this state.
(2) The person acting as surrogate and each intended parent shall meet the requirements of section 46b-522.
(3) Each intended parent, the person acting as surrogate and the spouse, if any, of the person acting as the surrogate shall be parties to the agreement. If an intended parent is married, the intended parent's spouse shall also be an intended parent and a party to the agreement, unless the intended parent and the spouse are legally separated.
(4) The agreement shall be in writing and signed by each party set forth in subdivision (3) of this section.
(5) The person acting as surrogate and each intended parent shall acknowledge in writing their receipt of a copy of the agreement.
(6) The signature of each party to the agreement shall be attested by a notarial officer or otherwise acknowledged and witnessed by two disinterested adults.
(7) The person acting as surrogate and, if married, the spouse of the person acting as surrogate and the intended parent or parents shall have independent legal representation throughout the surrogacy agreement regarding the terms of the surrogacy agreement and the potential legal consequences of the agreement, and each counsel shall be identified in the surrogacy agreement. A single attorney for the person acting as surrogate and the person's spouse, if married, and a single attorney for the intended parents is sufficient to meet this requirement, provided the representation otherwise conforms to the Rules of Professional Conduct.
(8) The intended parent or parents shall pay for independent legal representation for the person acting as surrogate and the person's spouse, if any.
(9) If the agreement provides for the payment of compensation to the person acting as surrogate, the compensation shall be placed in an escrow account prior to the commencement of any medical procedure, other than medical and mental health evaluations required by section 46b-522.
(10) The agreement shall be executed before a medical procedure occurs related to the surrogacy agreement, other than the medical and mental health evaluations required by section 46b-522.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 62.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-525. - Effect of subsequent change of marital status of surrogate.

Unless a surrogacy agreement expressly otherwise provides:
(1) (A) The marriage of a person acting as surrogate after the surrogacy agreement is signed by all parties shall not affect the validity of the surrogacy agreement, (B) the consent of the spouse of the person acting as surrogate is not required, and (C) the spouse of the person acting as surrogate is not a presumed parent of a child conceived by assisted reproduction under the surrogacy agreement; and
(2) The divorce, dissolution, annulment, declaration of invalidity, legal separation or separate maintenance of the person acting as surrogate after the surrogacy agreement is signed by all parties shall not affect the validity of the surrogacy agreement.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 64.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-526. - Effect of subsequent change of marital status of intended parent.

Unless a surrogacy agreement expressly otherwise provides:
(1) (A) The marriage of an intended parent after the agreement is signed by all parties shall not affect the validity of a surrogacy agreement, (B) the consent of the spouse of the intended parent is not required, and (C) the spouse of the intended parent is not, based on the surrogacy agreement, a parent of a child conceived by assisted reproduction under the surrogacy agreement; and
(2) The divorce, dissolution, annulment, declaration of invalidity, legal separation or separate maintenance of an intended parent after the surrogacy agreement is signed by all parties shall not affect the validity of the surrogacy agreement and the intended parents are the parents of the child.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 65.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-527. - Exclusive, continuing jurisdiction.

During the period after the date of execution of a surrogacy agreement until the occurrence of the earlier of the date of termination of a surrogacy agreement pursuant to the agreement terms, or ninety days after the date of birth of a child conceived by assisted reproduction under the surrogacy agreement, a court of this state conducting a proceeding under sections 46b-450 to 46b-553, inclusive, has exclusive, continuing jurisdiction over all matters arising out of the agreement. The provisions of this section do not give the court jurisdiction over a child custody proceeding or a child support proceeding if jurisdiction is not otherwise authorized by the law of this state other than the provisions of sections 46b-450 to 46b-553, inclusive.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 66.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-528. - Termination of gestational surrogacy agreement.

(a) A party to a gestational surrogacy agreement may terminate such agreement, at any time before an embryo transfer, by giving notice of termination in a record to all other parties. If an embryo transfer shall not result in a pregnancy, a party may terminate such agreement at any time before a subsequent embryo transfer, provided no party may terminate the agreement after an embryo transfer but prior to a pregnancy test at a time to be determined by a qualified healthcare provider.
(b) Unless a gestational surrogacy agreement provides otherwise, on termination of such agreement under subsection (a) of this section, the parties are released from the agreement, except that each intended parent remains responsible for expenses that are reimbursable under the agreement and incurred by the person acting as gestational surrogate through the date of termination of the agreement.
(c) Except in a case involving fraud, neither a person acting as gestational surrogate nor the spouse or former spouse of the person acting as surrogate, if any, is liable to the intended parent or parents for a penalty, including any costs incurred by intended parents, if any, for medical and psychological screening, or liquidated damages, for terminating a gestational surrogacy agreement under this section.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 67.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-529. - Parentage under gestational surrogacy agreement.

(a) Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, subsection (b) of section 46b-530 or section 46b-532, upon birth of a child conceived by assisted reproduction under a gestational surrogacy agreement, each intended parent is, by operation of law, a parent of the resulting child.
(b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c) of this section or section 46b-532, neither a person acting as gestational surrogate nor the spouse or former spouse of the person acting as surrogate, if any, is a parent of the resulting child.
(c) If a resulting child is alleged to be a genetic child of the person who agreed to be a gestational surrogate, the court shall, upon finding sufficient evidence, order genetic testing of the child, the cost of which shall be covered by the intended parent or parents. If the resulting child is a genetic child of the person who agreed to be a gestational surrogate, parentage shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of sections 46b-450 to 46b-505, inclusive.
(d) Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, subsection (b) of section 46b-530 or section 46b-532, if, due to a clinical or laboratory error, a child conceived by assisted reproduction under a gestational surrogacy agreement is not genetically related to an intended parent or a donor who donated to the intended parent or parents, each intended parent, and not the gestational surrogate and the spouse or former spouse of the person acting as surrogate, if any, is a parent of the resulting child.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 68.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-530. - Gestational surrogacy agreement: Parentage of deceased intended parent.

(a) The provisions of section 46b-529 shall apply to an intended parent even if the intended parent died during the period between the transfer of a gamete or embryo and the birth of the resulting child.
(b) Except as provided in section 46b-532, an intended parent is not a parent of a child conceived by assisted reproduction under a gestational surrogacy agreement if the intended parent dies before the transfer of a gamete or embryo unless:
(1) The person executed a written document, which may include the surrogacy agreement, that: (A) Specifically set forth that the person's gametes may be used for posthumous conception of a child, (B) specifically provided the other intended parent with authority to exercise custody, control and use of the gametes in the event of the person's death, and (C) was signed and dated by the person and the other intended parent; and
(2) The embryo is in utero not later than one year after the date of the person's death.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 69.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-532. - Effect of gestational surrogacy agreement.

(a) A gestational surrogacy agreement that complies with sections 46b-522 to 46b-524, inclusive, is enforceable.
(b) If a child was conceived by assisted reproduction under a gestational surrogacy agreement that shall not comply with sections 46b-522 to 46b-524, inclusive, the court shall determine the rights and duties of the parties to the agreement, taking into account evidence of the intent of the parties at the time of execution of the agreement. Each party to the agreement and any person who at the time of the execution of the agreement was a spouse of a party to the agreement has standing to maintain a proceeding to adjudicate an issue related to the enforcement of the agreement.
(c) Except as expressly provided in a gestational surrogacy agreement or subsection (d) or (e) of this section, if the agreement is breached by the person acting as gestational surrogate or one or more intended parents, the nonbreaching party is entitled to the remedies available at law or in equity.
(d) Specific performance is not a remedy available for breach by a person acting as gestational surrogate of a provision in the agreement that the person acting as gestational surrogate be impregnated, terminate or not terminate a pregnancy, or submit to medical procedures.
(e) Except as provided in subsection (d) of this section, if an intended parent is determined to be a parent of the resulting child, specific performance is a remedy available for:
(1) Breach of the agreement by a person acting as gestational surrogate that prevents the intended parent from exercising immediately upon birth of the child the full rights of parentage; or
(2) Breach by the intended parent that prevents the intended parent's acceptance, immediately upon birth of the child conceived by assisted reproduction under the agreement, of the duties of parentage.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 71.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-533. - Requirements to validate genetic surrogacy agreement.

(a) Except as otherwise provided in section 46b-536, a genetic surrogacy agreement shall be validated by a Probate Court. A proceeding to validate the agreement shall be commenced before the assisted reproduction related to the surrogacy agreement.
(b) Upon examination of the parties, the court shall issue an order validating a genetic surrogacy agreement if the court finds that:
(1) Sections 46b-522 to 46b-524, inclusive, are satisfied; and
(2) All parties entered into the agreement voluntarily and understand its terms.
(c) A person who terminates a genetic surrogacy agreement under section 46b-534 shall file notice of the termination with the court. On receipt of the notice, the court shall vacate any order issued under subsection (b) of this section. A person who shall not notify the court of the termination of the agreement shall be subject to sanctions.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 72.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-534. - Termination of genetic surrogacy agreement.

(a) A party to a genetic surrogacy agreement may terminate the agreement as follows:
(1) An intended parent or person acting as genetic surrogate who is a party to the agreement may terminate the agreement at any time before a gamete or embryo transfer by giving notice of termination in a record to all other parties. If a gamete or embryo transfer does not result in a pregnancy, a party may terminate the agreement at any time before a subsequent gamete or embryo transfer, provided no party may terminate the agreement after a gamete or embryo transfer but prior to a pregnancy test at a time to be determined by a qualified healthcare provider. The notice of termination shall be attested by a notarial officer or witnessed.
(2) Upon sending the notice of termination, the sending party or parties to the genetic surrogacy agreement shall not undertake any medical procedure contemplated under the terms of the agreement. Upon receiving the notice of termination, the receiving party or parties to the genetic surrogacy agreement shall not undertake any medical procedure contemplated under the terms of the agreement.
(3) An intended parent or person acting as genetic surrogate who terminates the agreement after the court issues an order validating the agreement under section 46b-533 or 46b-536, but before the person acting as genetic surrogate becomes pregnant by means of assisted reproduction, shall also file notice of the termination with such court.
(b) On termination of the genetic surrogacy agreement, the parties are released from all obligations under the agreement, except that any intended parent remains responsible for all expenses incurred by the person acting as genetic surrogate through the date of termination of the agreement that are reimbursable under the agreement. Unless the agreement provides otherwise, the person acting as surrogate is not entitled to any nonexpense-related compensation paid for serving as a surrogate.
(c) Except in a case involving fraud, neither a person acting as genetic surrogate nor the spouse or former spouse of the person acting as surrogate, if any, is liable to the intended parent or parents for a penalty or liquidated damages, for terminating a genetic surrogacy agreement under this section.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 73.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-535. - Parentage under validated genetic surrogacy agreement.

(a) Upon birth of a child conceived by assisted reproduction under a genetic surrogacy agreement validated under section 46b-533 or 46b-536, each intended parent is, by operation of law, a parent of the resulting child.
(b) Upon birth of a child conceived by assisted reproduction under a genetic surrogacy agreement validated under section 46b-533 or 46b-536, the intended parent or parents shall file a notice with the court that validated the agreement under section 46b-533 or 46b-536 that a child has been born as a result of assisted reproduction. Upon receiving such notice, the court shall immediately, or as soon as practicable, issue an order without notice and hearing: (1) Declaring that any intended parent or parents is a parent of a child conceived by assisted reproduction under the agreement and ordering that parental rights and duties vest exclusively in any intended parent or parents; (2) Declaring that the person acting as genetic surrogate and the spouse or former spouse of the person acting as surrogate, if any, are not parents of the resulting child; (3) Declaring that the intended parent or parents have responsibility for the maintenance and support of the child immediately upon the birth of the child; (4) Designating the contents of the certificate of birth in accordance with subsection (b) of section 7-48a and directing the Department of Public Health to designate any intended parent as a parent of the child; and (5) If necessary, ordering that the child be surrendered to the intended parent or parents. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to limit the court's authority to issue other orders under any other provision of the general statutes.
(c) If a child born to a person acting as genetic surrogate is alleged not to have been conceived by assisted reproduction, the court may, upon sufficient findings, order genetic testing to determine the genetic parentage of the child, and shall designate which party shall pay for such testing. If the child was not conceived by assisted reproduction, parentage shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of sections 46b-450 to 46b-505, inclusive. Unless the genetic surrogacy agreement provides otherwise, if the child was not conceived by assisted reproduction the person acting as surrogate is not entitled to any nonexpense-related compensation paid for serving as a surrogate.
(d) If an intended parent fails to file the notice required under subsection (b) of this section, the person acting as genetic surrogate may file with the court, not later than sixty days after the date of birth of a child conceived by assisted reproduction under the agreement, notice that the child has been born to the person acting as genetic surrogate. On proof of a court order issued under section 46b-533 or 46b-536 validating the agreement, the court shall order that each intended parent is a parent of the child.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 74.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-536. - Effect of nonvalidated genetic surrogacy agreement.

(a) A genetic surrogacy agreement, whether or not in a record, that is not validated under section 46b-533 is enforceable only to the extent provided in this section and section 46b-538.
(b) If all parties agree, a court may validate a genetic surrogacy agreement after assisted reproduction has occurred but before the date of birth of a child conceived by assisted reproduction under the agreement if, upon examination of the parties, the court finds that:
(1) Sections 46b-522 to 46b-524, inclusive, are satisfied; and
(2) All parties entered into the agreement voluntarily and understand its terms.
(c) A person who terminates a genetic surrogacy agreement under section 46b-534 shall file notice of the termination with the court, provided that a person may not terminate a genetic surrogacy agreement validated under this section if a gamete or embryo transfer has resulted in a pregnancy. On receipt of the notice, the court shall vacate any order issued under subsection (b) of this section. A person who shall not notify the court of the termination of the agreement shall be subject to sanctions.
(d) If a child conceived by assisted reproduction under a genetic surrogacy agreement that is not validated under section 46b-533 or subsection (b) of this section is born, the person acting as genetic surrogate is not automatically a parent and the court shall adjudicate parentage of the child based on the best interest of the child, taking into account the factors set forth in subsection (a) of section 46b-475 and the intent of the parties at the time of the execution of the agreement.
(e) The parties to a genetic surrogacy agreement have standing to maintain a proceeding to adjudicate parentage under this section.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 75.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-537. - Genetic surrogacy agreement: Parentage of deceased intended parent.

(a) Except as provided in section 46b-535 or 46b-536, upon birth of a child conceived by assisted reproduction under a genetic surrogacy agreement, each intended parent is, by operation of law, a parent of the child whether the surviving parent is the genetic parent of the child conceived, or not, notwithstanding the death of an intended parent during the period between the transfer of a gamete or embryo and the birth of the child.
(b) Except as provided in section 46b-535 or 46b-536, an intended parent is not a parent of a child conceived by assisted reproduction under a genetic surrogacy agreement if the intended parent dies before the transfer of a gamete or embryo unless:
(1) The person executed a written document, which may include the surrogacy agreement, that: (A) Specifically set forth that the person's gametes may be used for posthumous conception of a child, (B) specifically provided the other intended parent with authority to exercise custody, control and use of the gametes in the event of the person's death, and (C) was signed and dated by the person and the other intended parent; and
(2) The embryo is in utero not later than one year after the date of the person's death.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 76.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-538. - Breach of genetic surrogacy agreement.

(a) Subject to subsection (b) of section 46b-534, if a genetic surrogacy agreement is breached by a person acting as genetic surrogate or one or more intended parents, the nonbreaching party is entitled to the remedies available at law or in equity.
(b) Specific performance is not a remedy available for breach by a person acting as genetic surrogate of a requirement of a validated or nonvalidated genetic surrogacy agreement that the person acting as surrogate be impregnated, terminate or not terminate a pregnancy or submit to medical procedures.
(c) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, specific performance is a remedy available for:
(1) Breach of a validated genetic surrogacy agreement by a person acting as genetic surrogate that prevents the intended parent from exercising, immediately upon birth of the child, the full rights of parentage; or
(2) Breach by an intended parent that prevents the intended parent's acceptance, immediately upon birth of the child conceived by assisted reproduction under the agreement, of the duties of parentage.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 77.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-542. - Information about donor. Definitions.

As used in sections 46b-542 to 46b-547, inclusive:
(1) “Identifying information” means: (A) The full name of a donor; (B) the date of birth of the donor; and (C) the permanent and, if different, current address of the donor at the time of the donation.
(2) “Medical history” means information regarding any: (A) Present illness of a donor; (B) past illness of the donor; and (C) social, genetic and family history pertaining to the health of the donor.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 78.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-543. - Application of provisions re collection of gametes.

(a) The provisions of sections 46b-542 to 46b-547, inclusive, apply only to gametes collected on or after January 1, 2022.
(b) The provisions of this section do not apply to gametes collected from a donor whose identity is known to the recipient of the gametes at the time of the donation.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 79.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-544. - Collection of information by gamete bank or fertility clinic.

(a) A gamete bank or fertility clinic operating in this state shall collect from a donor the donor's identifying information and medical history at the time of the donation.
(b) A gamete bank or fertility clinic operating in this state that receives the gametes of a donor collected by another gamete bank or fertility clinic shall collect the name, address, telephone number and electronic mail address of the gamete bank or fertility clinic from which it receives the gametes.
(c) A gamete bank or fertility clinic operating in this state shall disclose the information collected under subsections (a) and (b) of this section as provided under section 46b-546.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 80.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-545. - Declaration regarding identity disclosure.

(a) A gamete bank or fertility clinic operating in this state that collects gametes from a donor shall: (1) Provide the donor with information in a record about the donor's choice regarding identity disclosure; and (2) obtain a declaration from the donor regarding identity disclosure.
(b) A gamete bank or fertility clinic operating in this state shall give a donor the choice to sign a declaration, attested by a notarial officer or witnessed, that either: (1) States that the donor agrees to disclose the donor's identity to a child conceived by assisted reproduction with the donor's gametes on request once the child attains eighteen years of age; or (2) states that the donor shall not agree presently to disclose the donor's identity to the child.
(c) A gamete bank or fertility clinic operating in this state shall permit a donor who has signed a declaration under subdivision (2) of subsection (b) of this section to withdraw the declaration at any time by signing a declaration under subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of this section.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 81.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-546. - Disclosure of identifying information and medical history.

(a) On request of a child conceived by assisted reproduction who attains eighteen years of age, a gamete bank or fertility clinic operating in this state that collected the gametes used in the assisted reproduction shall make a good faith effort to provide the child with identifying information of the donor who provided the gametes, unless the donor signed and did not withdraw a declaration under subdivision (2) of subsection (b) of section 46b-545. If the donor signed and did not withdraw the declaration, the gamete bank or fertility clinic shall make a good faith effort to notify the donor, who may elect under subsection (c) of section 46b-545 to withdraw the donor's declaration.
(b) Irrespective of whether a donor signed a declaration under subdivision (2) of subsection (b) of section 46b-545, on request by a child conceived by assisted reproduction who attains eighteen years of age, or, if the child is a minor, by a parent or guardian of the child, a gamete bank or fertility clinic operating in this state that collected the gametes used in the assisted reproduction shall make a good faith effort to provide the child or, if the child is a minor, the parent or guardian of the child, access to nonidentifying medical history of the donor.
(c) On request of a child conceived by assisted reproduction who attains eighteen years of age, a gamete bank or fertility clinic operating in this state that received the gametes used in the assisted reproduction from another gamete bank or fertility clinic shall disclose the name, address, telephone number and electronic mail address of the gamete bank or fertility clinic from which it received the gametes.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 82.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-547. - Recordkeeping.

(a) A gamete bank or fertility clinic operating in this state that collects gametes for use in assisted reproduction shall maintain identifying information and medical history about each gamete donor. The gamete bank or fertility clinic shall maintain records of gamete screening and testing and comply with reporting requirements, in accordance with federal law and applicable law of this state other than the provisions of sections 46b-450 to 46b-553, inclusive.
(b) A gamete bank or fertility clinic operating in this state that receives gametes from another gamete bank or fertility clinic operating in this state shall maintain the name, address, telephone number and electronic mail address of the gamete bank or fertility clinic from which it received the gametes.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 83.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-551. - Uniformity of application and construction.

In applying and construing the provisions of sections 46b-450 to 46b-553, inclusive, consideration shall be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact it.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 84.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-552. - Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act.

Sections 46b-450 to 46b-553, inclusive, modify, limit or supersede the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, 15 USC 7001 et seq., but do not modify, limit or supersede 15 USC 7001(c), or authorize electronic delivery of any of the notices described in 15 USC 7003(b).
(P.A. 21-15, S. 85.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-553. - Transitional provision.

Sections 46b-450 to 46b-553, inclusive, apply to a proceeding in which no judgment has entered before January 1, 2022, with respect to a person's parentage that has not already been adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction or determined by operation of law.
(P.A. 21-15, S. 86.)
History: P.A. 21-15 effective January 1, 2022.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-561. (Formerly Sec. 46b-161). - Procedure brought prior to birth of child.

In the case of any such petition brought prior to the birth of the child, no final trial on the issue of the alleged parent's parentage shall be had, except as to hearing on probable cause, until after the birth of the child. In such hearing on probable cause the court, on the day on which the defendant has been summoned to appear, shall determine whether probable cause exists, and if so, the court shall order the defendant to become bound to the complainant, with surety to appear on a date certain for final determination, or further continuance as circumstances may then require.
(1967, P.A. 520, S. 2; P.A. 21-15, S. 119.)
History: Sec. 52-438a transferred to Sec. 46b-161 in 1979; P.A. 21-15 replaced “paternity” with “the alleged parent's parentage”, effective January 1, 2022; Sec. 46b-161 transferred to Sec. 46b-561 in 2023.
Annotation to former section 52-438a:
Cited. 165 C. 33.
Annotations to former section 46b-161:
Cited. 188 C. 354; 194 C. 52; 224 C. 29.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-562. (Formerly Sec. 46b-162). - Action by state or town.

The state or any town interested in the support of a child born to parents not married to each other may, if the parent who gave birth neglects to bring a petition, institute such proceedings against the alleged parent, and may take up and pursue any petition commenced by the parent who gave birth for the maintenance of the child, if the parent who gave birth fails to prosecute to final judgment. The petition may be made by the Commissioner of Social Services on information or belief. The parent who gave birth to the child may be subpoenaed for testimony on the hearing of the petition.
(February, 1965, P.A. 406, S. 3; P.A. 75-420, S. 4, 6; P.A. 77-614, S. 521, 610; P.A. 79-560, S. 17, 39; P.A. 93-262, S. 69, 87; P.A. 21-15, S. 120.)
History: P.A. 75-420 replaced welfare commissioner with commissioner of social services; P.A. 77-614 replaced commissioner of social services with commissioner of human resources, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 79-560 authorized commissioner of income maintenance to make petition; Sec. 52-440a transferred to Sec. 46b-162 in 1979; P.A. 93-262 replaced reference to commissioners of income maintenance and human resources with commissioner of social services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 21-15 replaced “out of wedlock, if the mother” with “to parents not married to each other may, if the parent who gave birth”, replaced “person accused of begetting the child” with “alleged parent”, replaced “mother” with “parent who gave birth”, deleted “or the town welfare administrator” and made technical changes, effective January 1, 2022; Sec. 46b-162 transferred to Sec. 46b-562 in 2023.
Annotations to former section 52-440a:
Proof that the mother was examined in her travail unnecessary if selectmen sue. 1 D. 278. Her testimony also unnecessary; only one selectman need swear to the complaint. 6 C. 44. Necessary averments in declaration. 5 C. 424; 6 C. 44; 7 C. 289. The suit may be commenced by forthwith process. Id. The judgment cannot be for a weekly sum. 28 C. 444. Town may be third party beneficiary on bond given to mother. 128 C. 322. Order contemplated by Sec. 52-439a, this section and Sec. 52-442 is not only for the protection of the mother but also of the town. 143 C. 688. Saving public the burden of supporting an illegitimate child is not the primary purpose of proceedings. 146 C. 370. Cited. 165 C. 33.
Cited. 20 CS 350; 35 CS 628.
Where sole evidence of paternity was prior accusation of plaintiff which she repudiated in court, defendant's motion for judgment notwithstanding verdict should be granted. 4 Conn. Cir. Ct. 326
–
329.
Annotations to former section 46b-162:
Cited. 188 C. 354; 194 C. 52; 234 C. 51.
Cited. 11 CA 548. Minor child who is subject of a paternity action is an indispensable party to that action. 78 CA 848.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-563. (Formerly Sec. 46b-163). - Action not defeated by stillbirth or other premature termination of pregnancy.

No provision of section 46b-560 or 46b-561 shall be construed to defeat any action commenced thereunder because of stillbirths or other premature termination of the pregnancy. In either such event, the court shall enter such order as it shall, after hearing, determine proper.
(1967, P.A. 520, S. 3.)
History: Sec. 52-438b transferred to Sec. 46b-163 in 1979 and reference to Secs. 52-435a and 52-438a revised to reflect their transfer; Sec. 46b-163 transferred to Sec. 46b-563 in 2023.
Annotation to former section 52-438b:
Cited. 165 C. 33.
Annotation to former section 46b-163:
Cited. 188 C. 354.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-564. (Formerly Sec. 46b-165). - Testimony of parent or alleged parent.

In parentage proceedings concerning a child for whom parentage is sought, a parent or alleged parent shall not be prosecuted for any criminal act about which (1) the parent or alleged parent testifies in connection with such proceedings, or (2) the parent or alleged parent makes any statement prior to such proceedings with respect to the issue of parentage.
(February, 1965, P.A. 406, S. 4; 1971, P.A. 439, S. 2; P.A. 21-15, S. 121.)
History: 1971 act prohibited prosecution of mother for criminal act concerning which “she makes any statement prior to such proceedings with respect to the issue of paternity”; Sec. 52-435b transferred to Sec. 46b-165 in 1979; P.A. 21-15 deleted provision re mother not being excused from testifying because her evidence may tend to disgrace or incriminate her, added “In parentage proceedings concerning a child for whom parentage is sought, a parent or alleged parent shall not” re prosecution for criminal acts relating to testimony in parentage proceedings, replaced “she” with “the parent or alleged parent” and replaced “paternity” with “parentage”, effective January 1, 2022; Sec. 46b-165 transferred to Sec. 46b-564 in 2023.
Annotations to former section 52-435b:
Cited. 165 C. 33.
Constitutionality of statute could not be challenged by defendant in paternity action as it in no way concerned him. 5 Conn. Cir. Ct. 571.
Annotation to former section 46b-165:
Cited. 188 C. 354.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-572. (Formerly Sec. 46b-174). - Enforcement and modification of prior orders and agreements.

The Superior Court shall have jurisdiction to enforce and modify all paternity orders and paternity support agreements issued by or filed with the Court of Common Pleas or Circuit Court prior to or after October 1, 1963, and existing on July 1, 1978.
(February, 1965, P.A. 406, S. 7; P.A. 74-183, S. 113, 291; P.A. 76-436, S. 100, 681.)
History: P.A. 74-183 replaced circuit court with court of common pleas and deleted provisions re transfer of proceedings from common pleas to circuit court, effective December 31, 1974; P.A. 76-436 replaced court of common pleas with superior court, effective July 1, 1978; Sec. 52-442c transferred to Sec. 46b-174 in 1979; Sec. 46b-174 transferred to Sec. 46b-572 in 2023.
Annotations to former section 52-442c:
Cited. 165 C. 33.
Cited. 34 CS 281.
Annotations to former section 46b-174:
Cited. 188 C. 354.
Cited. 3 CA 322.
Cited. 35 CS 679; 37 CS 891.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-573. (Formerly Sec. 46b-176). - Continued liability of person committed for failure to comply with order.

No person committed to a community correctional center for failure to comply with an order of the court as provided in sections 46b-560, 46b-562 and 46b-569, or any of them, shall be entitled to any of the privileges allowed other prisoners on civil process, or to take the oath provided for poor debtors, within six months from the date of such commitment, but shall be kept at hard labor during such six months; and the mother of such child, the state or the town chargeable with its support may, at any time after the liberation of such prisoner, or after his taking said oath, recover the sum or sums due from him in pursuance of such order of court.
(1949 Rev., S. 8184; 1957, P.A. 462, S. 5; 1969, P.A. 297.)
History: 1969 act substituted “community correction center” for “jail”; Sec. 52-443 transferred to Sec. 46b-176 in 1979 and references to other sections within provisions revised as necessary to reflect their transfer; Sec. 46b-176 transferred to Sec. 46b-573 in 2023.
Annotations to former section 52-443:
Cited. 128 C. 319; 165 C. 33; 169 C. 66; 170 C. 367.
Complaint must at least allege facts from which demand can be implied. 4 CS 396. Section is mandatory and leaves no discretion with the committing court. 12 CS 65. Cited. 20 CS 350.
Annotation to former section 46b-176:
Cited. 188 C. 354.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-574. (Formerly Sec. 46b-177). - Support of defendant while imprisoned.

The complainant shall not be required to pay or give security for the support of the defendant during his confinement in a community correctional center, nor shall such defendant be discharged from imprisonment by reason of payment or security not being made or given for his support, but the jailer shall furnish such support and may recover the cost of the same from such defendant, or, in case of his inability to pay such cost, from the town where he belongs; and, if he belongs to no town in this state, such cost shall be paid by the state.
(1949 Rev., S. 8185; 1969, P.A. 297.)
History: 1969 act substituted “community correctional center” for “jail”; Sec. 52-444 transferred to Sec. 46b-177 in 1979; Sec. 46b-177 transferred to Sec. 46b-574 in 2023.
Annotations to former section 52-444:
Cited. 128 C. 319; 165 C. 33.
Cited. 20 CS 350.
Annotation to former section 46b-177:
Cited. 188 C. 354.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-575. (Formerly Sec. 46b-178). - Wage execution.

Executions and earning assignments in accordance with section 52-362 shall be available in paternity proceedings.
(1957, P.A. 208; P.A. 83-400, S. 3.)
History: Sec. 52-445 transferred to Sec. 46b-178 in 1979; P.A. 83-400 added “and earning assignments”; Sec. 46b-178 transferred to Sec. 46b-575 in 2023.
Annotation to former section 52-445:
Cited. 165 C. 33.
Annotation to former section 46b-178:
Cited. 188 C. 354.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-576. (Formerly Sec. 46b-179). - Foreign parentage judgments.

As used in sections 46b-577 to 46b-580, inclusive, foreign parentage judgment means any judgment, decree or order of a court of any state in the United States, other than a court of this state, in an action which results in a final determination on the issue of parentage except any such judgment, decree or order obtained by default in appearance.
(P.A. 84-500, S. 1; P.A. 21-15, S. 129.)
History: P.A. 21-15 replaced “paternity” with “parentage”, effective January 1, 2022; Sec. 46b-179 transferred to Sec. 46b-576 in 2023.
Annotation to former section 46b-179:
Cited. 203 C. 380.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-577. (Formerly Sec. 46b-179a). - Registry of foreign parentage judgments. Filing of certified copy and certification of final judgment.

(a) Support Enforcement Services of the Superior Court shall maintain a registry in the Family Support Magistrate Division of parentage judgments from other states. Any party to an action in which a parentage judgment from another state was rendered may register the foreign parentage judgment in the registry maintained by Support Enforcement Services without payment of a filing fee or other cost to the party.
(b) The party shall file a certified copy of the foreign parentage judgment and a certification that such judgment is final and has not been modified, altered, amended, set aside or vacated and that the enforcement of such judgment has not been stayed or suspended. Such certificate shall set forth the full name and last-known address of the other party to the judgment.
(P.A. 84-500, S. 2; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-1, S. 59, 75; P.A. 01-91, S. 4; P.A. 21-15, S. 130.)
History: June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-1 amended Subsec. (a) by changing “court” to “Support Enforcement Division of the Superior Court” and by adding provisions re registry to be maintained in the Family Magistrate Division for foreign paternity judgments, effective January 1, 1998; P.A. 01-91 changed “the Support Enforcement Division” to “Support Enforcement Services” in Subsec. (a); P.A. 21-15 amended Subsecs. (a) and (b) by replacing “paternity” with “parentage”, effective January 1, 2022; Sec. 46b-179a transferred to Sec. 46b-577 in 2023.
Annotation to former section 46b-179a:
Cited. 203 C. 380.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 46b - Family Law › Chapter 818 - Connecticut Parentage Act › Section 46b-578. (Formerly Sec. 46b-179b). - Enforcement of foreign parentage judgment.

Such foreign parentage judgment, on the filing with the registry maintained by Support Enforcement Services, shall become a judgment of the Family Support Magistrate Division of the Superior Court and shall be enforced and otherwise treated in the same manner as a judgment of the Family Support Magistrate Division. A foreign parentage judgment so filed shall have the same effect and may be enforced in the same manner as any like judgment of a family support magistrate of this state, provided no such judgment shall be enforced for a period of twenty days after the filing thereof.
(P.A. 84-500, S. 3; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-1, S. 60, 75; P.A. 01-91, S. 5; P.A. 21-15, S. 131.)
History: June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-1 made technical changes, adding references to registry in Support Enforcement Division and judgment of family support magistrate, effective January 1, 1998; P.A. 01-91 changed “the Support Enforcement Division” to “Support Enforcement Services”; P.A. 21-15 replaced “paternity” with “parentage”, effective January 1, 2022; Sec. 46b-179b transferred to Sec. 46b-578 in 2023.
Annotation to former section 46b-179b:
Cited. 203 C. 380.