2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 18 - CRIMINAL CODE (§§ 18-1-101 — 18-26-102) › Article 4 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY (§§ 18-4-101 — 18-4-801) › Part 7 - THEFT OF CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE (§§ 18-4-701 — 18-4-703) › Section 18-4-702 - Civil action - damages

(1)
(a)
A licensed or duly permitted cable operator may bring a civil action for damages against any person who commits civil theft of cable service.
(b)
Civil theft of cable service is the willful or intentional commission of any act described in section
18-4-701 (2)
.
(c)
No plaintiff that files an action pursuant to this section for theft of cable services shall be required to plead damages with particularity as a condition precedent for maintaining such an action.
(d)
There is a rebuttable presumption that a violation of section
18-4-701 (2)(a)
has occurred if there exists in the actual possession of the person a device that permits the reception of unauthorized cable services for which no payment has been made to a cable operator and no legitimate purpose exists.
(e)
There is a rebuttable presumption that a violation of section
18-4-701 (2)(b)
has occurred if cable service to the person's business or residential property was disconnected by a cable operator, notification of such action by certified mail was provided to such person, and a connection of such service exists at such person's business or residential property after the date of the disconnection.
(f)
There is a rebuttable presumption that a violation of section
18-4-701 (2)(c)
has occurred if the cable operator, as a matter of standard procedure:
(I)
Places written warning labels on its converters or decoders explaining that tampering with such devices is a violation of law and a converter or decoder is found to have been tampered with, altered, or modified so as to allow the reception or interception of cable services without authority from or payment to a cable operator; or
(II)
Seals its converters or decoders with a label or mechanical device and the label or device has been removed or broken.
(g)
There is a rebuttable presumption that a violation of section
18-4-701 (2)(d)
has occurred if a person possesses ten or more devices or printed circuit boards. If such rebuttable presumption is not overcome, the court shall find that such person committed civil theft of cable service willfully and for purposes of commercial advantage and shall increase the damages award in accordance with paragraph (a) of subsection (3) of this section.
(h)
There is a rebuttable presumption that a violation of section
18-4-701 (2)(e)
has occurred if the person, while engaging in any of the prohibited acts, made apparent to the buyer that the product would enable the buyer to obtain cable service without payment to a cable operator. If such rebuttable presumption is not overcome, the court shall find that such person committed civil theft of cable service willfully and for purposes of commercial advantage and shall increase the damages award in accordance with paragraph (a) of subsection (3) of this section.
(i)
There is a rebuttable presumption that a violation of section
18-4-701 (2)(f)
has occurred if a cable operator mailed by certified mail to the person, at the provided address, a written demand requesting the return of an operator-owned converter, decoder, or other device and the person failed to return said device or to make reasonable arrangements to do so within fifteen days after the date of such notice. Such reasonable arrangements may include requesting that the cable operator collect the equipment, subject to the cable operator's policies.
(2)
In any civil action brought pursuant to this section, a cable operator shall be entitled, upon proof of civil theft of cable service, to recover the greater of the following amounts as damages:
(a)
Four thousand dollars; or
(b)
Three times the amount of any actual damages sustained.
(3)
(a)
Notwithstanding any provision of subsection (2) of this section to the contrary, a court may increase the award of damages in any civil action brought pursuant to this section by an amount of not more than fifty thousand dollars if such court finds that civil theft of cable service was committed willfully and for the purpose of commercial advantage.
(b)
In any civil action described in paragraph (a) of this subsection (3), a cable operator need not prove that the final purchaser actually used the device, plan, kit, or printed circuit board without authorization from or payment to a cable operator.
(c)
No attempt by a person to limit or shift legal liability in an action described in this subsection (3) by requiring purchasers to sign a disclaimer acknowledging their responsibility to report use of a device, plan, kit, or printed circuit board to a cable operator shall be effective, and any such disclaimer shall be void.
(d)
(Deleted by amendment, L. 98, p. 830, § 57, effective August 5, 1998.)
(4)
In any action for civil theft of cable service, the prevailing party shall be awarded reasonable attorney fees and direct costs incurred as a result of such theft, including, but not limited to, the costs of any investigation, disconnection or reconnection, service calls, employees, equipment, and expert witnesses and costs of the civil action.
(5)
A cable operator may seek an injunction to enjoin or restrain a violation of this section and damages arising from such violation in the same action.
L. 84: Entire part added, p. 545, § 1, effective July 1. L. 98: Entire section amended, p. 413, § 2, effective August 5; (1)(g), (1)(h), and (3)(d) amended, p. 830, § 57, effective August 5.