reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-518 - Mutiny and sedition

(1)
Any person subject to this code who, with intent to usurp or override lawful military authority, refuses, in concert with any other person, to obey orders or otherwise do his or her duty or creates any violence or disturbance is guilty of mutiny.
(2)
Any such person who, with intent to cause the overthrow or destruction of lawful civil authority, creates, in concert with any other person, revolt, violence, or other disturbance against such authority is guilty of sedition.
(3)
Any such person who fails to do his or her utmost to prevent and suppress a mutiny or sedition being committed in his or her presence or fails to take all reasonable means to inform his or her superior commissioned officer or commanding officer of a mutiny or sedition which he or she knows or has reason to believe is taking place, is guilty of a failure to suppress or report a mutiny or sedition.
(4)
Any person who is found guilty of attempted mutiny, sedition, or failure to suppress or report a mutiny or sedition shall be punished by confinement of not more than ten years or such other punishment as a court-martial directs.
Amended by 2018 Ch. 95,§ 24, eff. 4/2/2018.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1188, § 1, effective June 10. L. 2002: (1) and (3) amended, p. 618, § 108, effective May 24. L. 2018: (4) amended, (SB 18-135), ch. 95, p. 749, § 24, effective April 2.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-519 - Resisting arrest - escape from custody

Any person subject to this code who resists apprehension or breaks arrest or who escapes from physical restraint lawfully imposed shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1188, § 1, effective June 10.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-520 - Unlawful release of prisoners

Any person subject to this code who, without proper authority, releases any prisoner committed to his or her charge or who, through neglect or design, suffers any such prisoner to escape shall be punished as a court-martial directs, whether or not the prisoner was committed in strict compliance with law.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1188, § 1, effective June 10. L. 2002: Entire section amended, p. 618, § 109, effective May 24.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-521 - Unlawful detention of another

Any person subject to this code who, except as provided by law, apprehends, arrests, or confines any person shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1188, § 1, effective June 10.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-522 - Noncompliance with procedural rules

Any person subject to this code who is responsible for unnecessary delay in the disposition of any case of a person accused of an offense under this code or knowingly and intentionally fails to enforce or comply with any provision of this code regulating the proceedings before, during, or after trial of an accused shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1188, § 1, effective June 10.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-523 - Misbehavior before the enemy or any hostile force

(1)
Any person subject to this code shall be punished by confinement of not more than ten years or such other punishment as a court-martial directs when he or she, before or in the presence of the enemy or any hostile force:
(a)
Runs away;
(b)
Abandons, surrenders, or delivers up any command, unit, place, or military property which it is his or her duty to defend;
(c)
Through disobedience, neglect, or intentional misconduct, endangers the safety of any such command, unit, place, or military property;
(d)
Casts away his or her arms or ammunition;
(e)
Is guilty of cowardly conduct;
(f)
Quits his or her place of duty to plunder or pillage;
(g)
Causes false alarms in any command, unit, or place under control of the armed forces of the United States or the state military forces;
(h)
Willfully fails to do his or her utmost to encounter, engage, capture, or destroy any enemy troops, hostile forces, combatants, vessels, aircraft, or any other thing, which it is his or her duty so to encounter, engage, capture, or destroy; or
(i)
Does not afford all practicable relief and assistance to any troops, combatants, vessels, or aircraft of the armed forces belonging to the United States or their allies or the state or to any other state, when engaged in battle.
Amended by 2018 Ch. 95,§ 25, eff. 4/2/2018.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1188, § 1, effective June 10. L. 2002: IP(1), (1)(b), (1)(d), (1)(f), and (1)(h) amended, p. 618, § 110, effective May 24. L. 2018: IP(1) amended, (SB 18-135), ch. 95, p. 749, § 25, effective April 2.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-524 - Subordinate compelling surrender

Any person subject to this code who compels or attempts to compel the commander of any of the state military forces to surrender to an enemy or any hostile force or who strikes the colors or flag to any enemy or any hostile force without proper authority shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1189, § 1, effective June 10.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-525 - Improper use of countersign

Any person subject to this code who discloses the parole or countersign to any person not entitled to receive it, or who gives to another who is entitled to receive and use the parole or countersign a different parole or countersign from that which, to his or her knowledge, he or she was authorized and required to give, shall be punished by confinement of not more than ten years or such other punishment as a court-martial directs.
Amended by 2018 Ch. 95,§ 26, eff. 4/2/2018.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1189, § 1, effective June 10. L. 2002: Entire section amended, p. 619, § 111, effective May 24. L. 2018: Entire section amended, (SB 18-135), ch. 95, p. 749, § 26, effective April 2.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-526 - Forcing a safeguard

Any person subject to this code who forces a safeguard shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1189, § 1, effective June 10.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-527 - Captured or abandoned property

(1)
All persons subject to this code shall secure all property taken from the enemy or any hostile force and shall give notice and turn over to the proper authority without delay all captured or abandoned property in their possession, custody, or control.
(2)
Any person subject to this code shall be punished as a court-martial directs if he or she:
(a)
Fails to carry out the duties prescribed in subsection (1) of this section;
(b)
Buys, sells, trades, or in any way deals in or disposes of captured, stolen, or abandoned property whereby he or she receives or expects any profit, benefit, or advantage to himself or herself or another directly or indirectly connected with himself or herself; or
(c)
Engages in looting or pillaging.
Amended by 2018 Ch. 95,§ 27, eff. 4/2/2018.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1189, § 1, effective June 10. L. 2002: IP(2) and (2)(b) amended, p. 619, § 112, effective May 24. L. 2018: (2)(b) amended, (SB 18-135), ch. 95, p. 750, § 27, effective April 2.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-528 - Aiding the enemy or any hostile force

Any person who aids or attempts to aid the enemy or any hostile force with arms, ammunition, supplies, money, or other thing or who without proper authority knowingly harbors, or protects, or gives intelligence to, or communicates or corresponds with, or holds any intercourse with the enemy or any hostile force, either directly or indirectly, shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1189, § 1, effective June 10.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-529 - Misconduct of a prisoner

(1)
Any person subject to this code shall be punished as a court-martial directs when he or she, while in the hands of the enemy or any hostile force:
(a)
For the purpose of securing favorable treatment by his or her captors, acts without proper authority in a manner contrary to law, custom, or regulation, to the detriment of others held by the enemy or any hostile force as civilian or military prisoners; or
(b)
While in a position of authority over prisoners maltreats them without justifiable cause.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1190, § 1, effective June 10. L. 2002: Entire section amended, p. 619, § 113, effective May 24.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-530 - Falsification of official documents

Any person subject to this code who, with intent to deceive, signs any false record, return, regulation, order, or other official document knowing the same to be false or makes any other false official statement knowing the same to be false shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1190, § 1, effective June 10.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-531 - Military property - loss, damage, destruction, or wrongful disposition

Any person subject to this code who without proper authority sells or otherwise disposes of, willfully or through neglect damages, destroys, or loses, or willfully or through neglect suffers to be damaged, destroyed, sold, or wrongfully disposed of any military property of the United States or of the state shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1190, § 1, effective June 10.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-532 - Waste, spoilage, or destruction of property other than military

Any person subject to this code who while on duty status willfully or recklessly wastes, spoils, or otherwise willfully and wrongfully destroys or damages any property other than military property of the United States or of the state shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1190, § 1, effective June 10.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-533 - Driving while impaired - reckless driving

Any person subject to this code who operates any vehicle while impaired by alcohol, marijuana, drugs, or intoxicants of any kind, or any combination thereof, or in a reckless or wanton manner shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
Amended by 2018 Ch. 95,§ 28, eff. 4/2/2018.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1190, § 1, effective June 10. L. 2018: Entire section amended, (SB 18-135), ch. 95, p. 750, § 28, effective April 2.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-534 - Impaired on duty - leaving or sleeping on post

Any person subject to this code who is found impaired by alcohol, marijuana, drugs, or intoxicants of any kind, or any combination thereof, on duty or sleeping upon his or her post or who leaves his or her post before he or she is regularly relieved shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
Amended by 2018 Ch. 95,§ 29, eff. 4/2/2018.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1190, § 1, effective June 10. L. 2002: Entire section amended, p. 619, § 114, effective May 24. L. 2018: Entire section amended, (SB 18-135), ch. 95, p. 750, § 29, effective April 2.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-535 - Malingering

Any person subject to this code who, for the purpose of avoiding work, duty, or service, feigns illness, physical disablement, mental lapse, or derangement or intentionally inflicts self-injury shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1190, § 1, effective June 10.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-536 - Riot - breach of peace

Any person subject to this code who causes or participates in any riot or breach of the peace shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1190, § 1, effective June 10.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-537 - Provoking or reproachful words

Any person subject to this code who uses provoking or reproachful words or gestures towards any other person subject to this code shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1190, § 1, effective June 10.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-538 - Larceny and wrongful appropriation

(1)
Any person subject to this code who wrongfully takes, obtains, or withholds, by any means, from the possession of the owner or of any other person any money, personal property, or article of value of any kind: With intent permanently to deprive or defraud another person of the use and benefit of property or to appropriate it to his or her own use or the use of any person other than the owner, is guilty of larceny; or, with intent temporarily to deprive or defraud another person of the use and benefit of property or to appropriate it to his or her own use or the use of any person other than the owner, is guilty of wrongful appropriation.
(2)
Any person found guilty of larceny or wrongful appropriation shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1191, § 1, effective June 10. L. 2002: (1) amended, p. 619, § 115, effective May 24.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-539 - Robbery

Any person subject to this code who with intent to steal takes anything of value from the person or in the presence of another against his or her will, by means of force or violence or fear of immediate or future injury to his or her person or property or to the person or property of a relative or member of his or her family or of anyone in his or her company at the time of the robbery, is guilty of robbery and shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1191, § 1, effective June 10. L. 2002: Entire section amended, p. 620, § 116, effective May 24.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-540 - Forgery

Any person subject to this code who, with intent to defraud, falsely makes or alters any signature to any writing or any part thereof which would, if genuine, apparently impose a legal liability on another or change his or her legal right or liability to his or her prejudice or utters, offers, issues, or transfers such a writing, known to him or her to be so made or altered, is guilty of forgery and shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1191, § 1, effective June 10. L. 2002: Entire section amended, p. 620, § 117, effective May 24.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-541 - Maiming

Any person subject to this code who, with intent to injure, disfigure, or disable, inflicts upon the person of another an injury which seriously disfigures his or her person by any mutilation thereof, destroys or disables any member or organ of his or her body, or seriously diminishes his or her physical vigor by the injury of any member or organ is guilty of maiming and shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1191, § 1, effective June 10. L. 2002: Entire section amended, p. 620, § 118, effective May 24.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-542 - Arson

(1)
Any person subject to this code who willfully and maliciously burns or sets on fire an inhabited dwelling or any other structure, movable or immovable, wherein to the knowledge of the offender there is at the time a human being is guilty of aggravated arson and shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
(2)
Any person subject to this code who willfully and maliciously burns or sets fire to the property of another, except as provided in subsection (1) of this section, is guilty of simple arson and shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1191, § 1, effective June 10.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-543 - Extortion

Any person subject to this code who communicates threats to another person with the intention thereby to obtain anything of value or any acquittance, advantage, or immunity is guilty of extortion and shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1191, § 1, effective June 10.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-544 - Assault

(1)
Any person subject to this code who attempts or offers with unlawful force or violence to do bodily harm to another person, whether or not the attempt or offer is consummated, is guilty of assault and shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
(2)
Any person subject to this code who commits an assault with a dangerous weapon or other means or force likely to produce death or grievous bodily harm or commits an assault and intentionally inflicts grievous bodily harm with or without a weapon is guilty of aggravated assault and shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1191, § 1, effective June 10.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-545 - Burglary

Any person subject to this code who, with intent to commit an offense punishable under this part 5, breaks and enters the dwelling house of another is guilty of burglary and shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1192, § 1, effective June 10.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-546 - Perjury

Any person subject to this code who in a judicial proceeding or in a course of justice conducted under this code willfully gives, upon a lawful oath or in any form allowed by law to be substituted for an oath, any false testimony material to the issue or matter of inquiry is guilty of perjury and shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1192, § 1, effective June 10.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-547 - Frauds against the government

(1)
Any person subject to this code shall be punished as a court-martial directs if he or she:
(a)
Knowing it to be false or fraudulent, makes any claim against the United States, the state, or any officer thereof or presents to any person in the civil or military service, for approval or payment, any claim against the United States, the state, or any officer thereof;
(b)
For the purpose of obtaining the approval, allowance, or payment of any claim against the United States, the state, or any officer thereof, makes or uses any writing or other paper knowing it to contain any false or fraudulent statements, makes any oath to any fact or to any writing or other paper knowing the oath to be false, or forges or counterfeits any signature upon any writing or other paper or uses any such signature knowing it to be forged or counterfeited;
(c)
Having charge, possession, custody, or control of any money or other property of the United States or the state, furnished or intended for the armed forces of the United States or the state military forces, knowingly delivers to any person having authority to receive it any amount thereof less than that for which he or she receives a certificate or receipt; or
(d)
Being authorized to make or deliver any paper certifying the receipt of any property of the United States or the state, furnished or intended for the armed forces of the United States or the state military forces, makes or delivers to any person such writing without having full knowledge of the truth of the statements therein contained and with intent to defraud the United States or the state.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1192, § 1, effective June 10. L. 2002: IP(1) and (1)(c) amended, p. 620, § 119, effective May 24.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-548 - Conduct unbecoming an officer

Any commissioned officer, cadet, or candidate who is convicted of conduct unbecoming an officer shall be punished as a court-martial directs.
Amended by 2018 Ch. 95,§ 30, eff. 4/2/2018.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1192, § 1, effective June 10. L. 2018: Entire section amended, (SB 18-135), ch. 95, p. 750, § 30, effective April 2.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-549 - Cognizance of disreputable conduct

Though not specifically mentioned in this code, all disorders and neglects to the prejudice of good order and discipline in the state military forces and all conduct of a nature to bring discredit upon the state military forces, of which persons subject to this code may be guilty, shall be taken cognizance of by a general, special, or summary court-martial, according to the nature and degree of the offense, and shall be punished at the discretion of such court. However, cognizance may not be taken of, and jurisdiction may not be extended to, any offense which constitutes a felony under the laws of this state where the local prosecuting authority has initiated a criminal action against the accused in the same matter. Where such an action has not been initiated against the accused, trial counsel shall give notice to the local prosecuting authority that a court-martial has taken cognizance of the offense and shall certify to the court-martial that such notice was given.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1192, § 1, effective June 10. L. 86: Entire section amended, p. 1015, § 4, effective July 1.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 5 - PUNITIVE ARTICLE (§§ 28-3.1-501 — 28-3.1-550) › Section 28-3.1-550 - Controlled substances - wrongful use - possession - transfer

(1)
Any person subject to this code who wrongfully uses, possesses, manufactures, distributes, imports into the customs territory of the United States, exports from the United States, or introduces into an installation, vessel, vehicle, or aircraft used by or under the control of the armed forces of the United States or of the military forces of any state a substance described in subsection (2) of this section must be punished as a court-martial may direct.
(2)
The substances referred to in subsection (1) of this section are the following:
(a)
Opium, heroin, cocaine, amphetamine, lysergic acid diethylamide, methamphetamine, phencyclidine, barbituric acid, and marijuana and any compound or derivative of any such substance;
(b)
Any substance not specified in subsection (2)(a) of this section that is listed on a schedule of controlled substances prescribed by the president of the United States for the purposes of the federal "Uniform Code of Military Justice",
10 U.S.C. sec. 801
et seq., as amended; and
(c)
Any other substance that is listed in schedules I through V of article 202 of the federal "Controlled Substances Act",
21 U.S.C. sec. 812
, as amended.
Added by 2018 Ch. 95,§ 31, eff. 4/2/2018.
L. 2018: Entire section added, (SB 18-135), ch. 95, p. 750, § 31, effective April 2.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 6 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS (§§ 28-3.1-601 — 28-3.1-607) › Section 28-3.1-601 - Courts of inquiry

(1)
Courts of inquiry to investigate any matter may be convened by the governor.
(2)
A court of inquiry shall consist of three or more commissioned officers. For each court of inquiry, the convening authority shall also appoint counsel for the court.
(3)
Any person subject to this code whose conduct is subject to inquiry shall be designated as a party. Any person subject to this code or employed in the department who has a direct interest in the subject of inquiry has the right to be designated as a party upon request to the court. Any person designated as a party shall be given due notice and has the right to be present, to be represented by counsel, to cross-examine witnesses, and to introduce evidence.
(4)
Members of a court of inquiry may be challenged by a party, but only for cause stated to the court.
(5)
The members, the counsel, the reporter, and the interpreters of courts of inquiry shall take an oath or affirmation to faithfully perform their duties.
(6)
Witnesses may be summoned to appear and testify and may be examined before courts of inquiry in the same manner as provided for courts-martial.
(7)
Courts of inquiry shall make findings of fact but may not express opinions or make recommendations unless required to do so by the convening authority.
(8)
Each court of inquiry shall keep a record of its proceedings, which shall be authenticated by the signatures of the president and counsel for the court and forwarded to the convening authority. If the record cannot be authenticated by the president, it shall be signed by a member of the court in lieu of the president. If the record cannot be authenticated by the counsel for the court, it shall be signed by a member of the court in lieu of the counsel.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1193, § 1, effective June 10. L. 2002: (3) amended, p. 362, § 24, effective July 1.
For the legislative declaration contained in the 2002 act amending subsection (3), see section 1 of chapter 121, Session Laws of Colorado 2002.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 6 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS (§§ 28-3.1-601 — 28-3.1-607) › Section 28-3.1-602 - Authority to administer oaths

(1)
The following members of the military forces may administer oaths for the purposes of military justice, and affidavits may be taken for those purposes before such members or before persons having the general powers of a notary public:
(a)
The state judge advocate general and all assistant state judge advocates;
(b)
All summary courts-martial members;
(c)
All adjutants, assistant adjutants, acting adjutants, and personnel adjutants;
(d)
All commanding officers;
(e)
The president, military judge, trial counsel, and assistant trial counsel for all general and special courts-martial;
(f)
The president and counsel for the court of any court of inquiry;
(g)
All officers designated to take a deposition;
(h)
All persons detailed to conduct an investigation; and
(i)
All other persons designated by regulations of the governor.
(2)
Officers of the state military forces may not be authorized to administer oaths as provided in this section unless they are on duty in or with those forces under orders of the governor as prescribed in this code.
(3)
The signature without seal of any person designated in this section, together with the title of his or her office, is prima facie evidence of his or her authority.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1193, § 1, effective June 10. L. 2002: (3) amended, p. 620, § 120, effective May 24.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 6 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS (§§ 28-3.1-601 — 28-3.1-607) › Section 28-3.1-603 - Sections to be explained

Sections of this code shall be carefully explained to every person at the time of his or her enlistment, appointment, transfer, or induction into or at the time of his or her order to duty in or with any of the state military forces or within ninety days thereafter. A complete text of this code and of the regulations prescribed by the governor thereunder shall be made available to any member of the state military forces, upon his or her request, for his or her personal examination. The requirements of this section are binding on all persons administering this code, but failure to follow them shall not divest a military court of jurisdiction.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1194, § 1, effective June 10. L. 86: Entire section amended, p. 1015, § 5, effective May 3. L. 2002: Entire section amended, p. 620, § 121, effective May 24.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 6 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS (§§ 28-3.1-601 — 28-3.1-607) › Section 28-3.1-604 - Complaints of wrongs

Any member of the state military forces who believes himself or herself wronged by a commanding officer, and who, upon due application to that commanding officer, is refused redress, may complain to any superior commissioned officer, who shall forward the complaint to the officer exercising general court-martial jurisdiction over the officer against whom it is made. The officer exercising general court-martial jurisdiction shall examine into the complaint and take proper measures for redressing the wrong complained of, and shall, as soon as possible, send to the adjutant general a true statement of that complaint, with the proceedings had thereon.
Amended by 2018 Ch. 95,§ 32, eff. 4/2/2018.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1194, § 1, effective June 10. L. 96: Entire section amended, p. 86, § 1, effective August 7. L. 2018: Entire section R&RE, (SB 18-135), ch. 95, p. 751, § 32, effective April 2.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 6 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS (§§ 28-3.1-601 — 28-3.1-607) › Section 28-3.1-605 - Redress of injuries to property

(1)
Whenever complaint is made to any commanding officer that willful damage has been done to the property of any person or that his or her property has been wrongfully taken by members of the state military forces, said commanding officer may, subject to such regulations as the governor may prescribe, convene a board to investigate the complaint. The board shall consist of one to three commissioned officers and, for the purpose of that investigation, the board has power to summon witnesses and examine them under oath, to receive depositions or other documentary evidence, and to assess the damages sustained against the responsible parties. The assessment of damages made by the board is subject to the approval of the commanding officer and, in the amount approved by the commanding officer, shall be charged against the pay of the offenders. The order of the commanding officer directing such charges is conclusive on any disbursing officer for the payment by him or her to the injured parties of the damages so assessed and approved.
(2)
If the offenders cannot be ascertained, but the organization or detachment to which they belong is known, charges totaling the amount of damages assessed and approved may be made in such proportion as may be considered just upon the individual members thereof who are shown to have been present at the scene at the time the damages complained of were inflicted, as determined by the approved findings of the board.
(3)
Any person subject to this code who is accused of causing willful damage to property has the right to be represented by counsel, to summon witnesses in his or her behalf, and to cross-examine those appearing against him or her.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1194, § 1, effective June 10. L. 2002: (1) and (3) amended, p. 621, § 122, effective May 24.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 6 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS (§§ 28-3.1-601 — 28-3.1-607) › Section 28-3.1-606 - Presumption of jurisdiction

The jurisdiction of the military courts and boards established by this code shall be presumed, and the burden of proof rests on any person seeking to invalidate the jurisdiction of those courts or boards of jurisdiction in any action or proceeding.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1195, § 1, effective June 10.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 3.1 - COLORADO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (§§ 28-3.1-101 — 28-3.1-607) › Part 6 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS (§§ 28-3.1-601 — 28-3.1-607) › Section 28-3.1-607 - Delegation of authority by the governor

The governor may delegate any authority vested in him or her under this code.
L. 83: Entire article added, p. 1195, § 1, effective June 10. L. 2002: Entire section amended, p. 621, § 123, effective May 24.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 4 - STATE DEFENSE FORCE (§§ 28-4-101 — 28-4-115) › Section 28-4-101 - Short title

This article shall be known and may be cited as the "State Defense Force Act".
L. 43: p. 444, § 19. CSA: C. 111, § 138. CRS 53: § 94-7-15. C.R.S. 1963: § 94-2-15. L. 86: Entire section amended, p. 1016, § 10, effective May 3.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 4 - STATE DEFENSE FORCE (§§ 28-4-101 — 28-4-115) › Section 28-4-103 - Supplemental military force

The governor of the state of Colorado may establish, enlist, maintain, and train and regulate an organized military force within and for the state of Colorado constituting a part of the military establishment for the defense of the United States and the state of Colorado, in addition to and supplemental to the existing organizations of the National Guard, to the full extent authorized by the laws of the United States and the constitution of the state of Colorado.
L. 43: p. 439, § 2. CSA: C. 111, § 124. CRS 53: § 94-7-2. C.R.S. 1963: § 94-2-2.
For the militia, see art. XVII, Colo. Const.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 4 - STATE DEFENSE FORCE (§§ 28-4-101 — 28-4-115) › Section 28-4-103.5 - Persons subject to military duty - state defense force

(1)
Every able-bodied male citizen of Colorado and those who have declared their intention to become citizens of the United States residing therein between the ages of eighteen and sixty-four years, except persons exempt by law, are subject to military duty in the state defense force. However, the following persons or classes of persons are exempted from military service:
(a)
Persons exempt by any statute of this state;
(b)
The members of any regularly organized fire or police department of any city, county, city and county, or town if such members are on full-time duty with the fire or police departments or if such members are found by the governor to be necessary for the health, welfare, or protection of the community;
(c)
Those permanently disqualified for military service because of physical disability and having in their possession a certificate of some licensed physician or advanced practice registered nurse or surgeon that describes the nature thereof;
(d)
Justices, judges, and clerks of courts of record, clerks of municipal courts, county clerk and recorders, sheriffs, and ministers of the gospel;
(e)
Practicing physicians, officers and assistants of hospitals, prisons, and jails whose services are declared by the governor to be necessary for the general health, welfare, or protection of the community;
(f)
Persons determined to be mentally incompetent by a court of competent jurisdiction and persons convicted of a felony and not pardoned;
(g)
All persons who because of religious beliefs claim exemption from military service, if the conscientious holding of such belief by such persons is established under such regulations as the governor prescribes. Such persons shall be exempted from military service in a combat capacity, but no person so exempted shall be exempt from military service in any capacity which the governor declares to be noncombatant.
L. 2002: Entire section added with relocations, p. 590, § 19, effective May 24. L. 2008: (1)(c) amended, p. 135, § 27, effective 1/1/2009.
This section is similar to former § 28-3-102 as it existed prior to 2002.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 4 - STATE DEFENSE FORCE (§§ 28-4-101 — 28-4-115) › Section 28-4-104 - State defense force - composition

The governor is authorized to organize and maintain within this state such military forces as the governor deems necessary to defend this state. Such forces are known as the state defense force and are composed of such citizens of the state who volunteer or who are ordered by the governor and qualify for service therein. Such forces are additional to and distinct from the National Guard. The Colorado state defense force is maintained in numbers to be determined by the governor. If organized by the governor, the Colorado state defense force is a
type 2
entity, as defined in section
24-1-105
. No officer or enlisted person of this force may be a member of the National Guard or other armed force of the United States. Such part of this force as ordered by the governor is uniformed. Any part or all of this force may be called to state defense force active duty at the pleasure of the governor. All costs and expenses of the state defense force are paid from the general fund by separate appropriation to the department of military and veterans affairs.
Amended by 2022 Ch. 469,§188, eff. 8/10/2022.
Amended by 2021 Ch. 423,§28, eff. 7/2/2021.
L. 43: p. 439, § 3. CSA: C. 111, § 125. CRS 53: § 94-7-3. C.R.S. 1963: § 94-2-3. L. 82: Entire section amended, p. 451, § 1, effective March 5. L. 86: Entire section amended, p. 1017, § 12, effective May 3. L. 2002: Entire section amended, p. 591, § 20, effective May 24. L. 2021: Entire section amended, (SB 21-266), ch. 2804, p. 2804, § 28, effective July 2.
2022 Ch. 469, was passed without a safety clause. See Colo. Const. art. V, § 1(3).
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 4 - STATE DEFENSE FORCE (§§ 28-4-101 — 28-4-115) › Section 28-4-105 - Organization - rules and regulations

The governor is authorized to prescribe the strength, branch of service, and rules and regulations not inconsistent with the provisions of this article governing the enlistment age of members of the force and governing the organization, physical requirements, administration, equipment, maintenance, training, and discipline of such force. Such rules and regulations, insofar as he or she deems practicable and desirable, shall conform to the existing law governing and pertaining to the National Guard and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder and shall prohibit the acceptance of gifts, donations, gratuities, or anything of value by any member of such force from any individual, firm, association, or corporation by reason of his or her membership; except that it is permissible for common carriers, such as airlines, railroads and bus lines, to carry members of such force without charge or at a reduced rate. The Colorado state defense force shall be commanded by the senior officer holding a state commission in the Colorado state defense force. He or she shall be designated by the adjutant general as the commanding officer of the Colorado state defense force. All the rights, powers, privileges, benefits, and emoluments created or existing by virtue of state laws, customs, or regulations heretofore had or enjoyed by the members of the Colorado National Guard shall be conferred upon and vested in the members of the Colorado state defense force. All the duties and responsibilities imposed upon and demanded of the members of the Colorado National Guard by the state laws, customs, or regulations are imposed upon and may be demanded of the members of the Colorado state defense force.
L. 43: p. 440, § 4. CSA: C. 111, § 126. CRS 53: § 94-7-4. C.R.S. 1963: § 94-2-4. L. 86: Entire section amended, p. 1017, § 13, effective May 3. L. 2002: Entire section amended, p. 591, § 21, effective May 24.
2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 28 - MILITARY AND VETERANS (§§ 28-1-101 — 28-6-101) › MILITARY (§§ 28-3-101 — 28-4.7-101) › Article 4 - STATE DEFENSE FORCE (§§ 28-4-101 — 28-4-115) › Section 28-4-106 - Pay - members - employees of state

All officers and enlisted persons of the Colorado state defense force when on state defense force active duty by order of the governor shall receive the same pay and allowances as are paid to officers and enlisted persons of like rank or grade in the Army of the United States. Officers and enlisted persons may also voluntarily perform state defense force active duty in an unpaid volunteer status. Regardless of pay status, the officers and enlisted persons of the Colorado state defense force shall be construed to be employees of the state of Colorado, and, in the event that any such officer or enlisted person incurs injuries or becomes sick, diseased, or deceased while on active duty under orders of the governor of the state of Colorado, he or she shall be entitled to all of the benefits of the "Workers' Compensation Act of Colorado", articles
40
to
47
of title
8
, C.R.S., accruing to employees of the state of Colorado.
L. 43: p. 441, § 5. CSA: C. 111, § 127. CRS 53: § 94-7-5. C.R.S. 1963: § 94-2-5. L. 86: Entire section amended, p. 1018, § 14, effective May 3. L. 90: Entire section amended, p. 571, § 60, effective July 1. L. 2002: Entire section amended, p. 592, § 22, effective May 24.