reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-60d. - Assault in the second degree with a motor vehicle: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of assault in the second degree with a motor vehicle when, while operating a motor vehicle under the influence of intoxicating liquor or any drug or both, he causes serious physical injury to another person as a consequence of the effect of such liquor or drug.
(b) Assault in the second degree with a motor vehicle is a class D felony and the court shall suspend the motor vehicle operator's license or nonresident operating privilege of any person found guilty under this section for one year. The court shall also order such person not to operate any motor vehicle that is not equipped with an approved ignition interlock device, as defined in section 14-227j, for a period of two years after such person's operator's license or nonresident operating privilege is restored by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles.
(P.A. 82-403, S. 2; P.A. 83-534, S. 9; P.A. 85-147, S. 2; P.A. 08-150, S. 60.)
History: P.A. 83-534 amended Subsec. (b) to require the court to suspend the motor vehicle operator's license or nonresident operating privilege of any person found guilty for one year; P.A. 85-147 deleted “while intoxicated” from the title of the offense and a provision that defined “intoxication” to include intoxication by alcohol or by drug or both, and replaced elements of offense of “when, in consequence of his intoxication while operating a motor vehicle, he causes serious physical injury to another person” with “when, while operating a motor vehicle under the influence of intoxicating liquor or any drug or both, he causes serious physical injury to another person as a consequence of the effect of such liquor or drug”; P.A. 08-150 amended Subsec. (b) to require court to order a person found guilty not to operate any motor vehicle that is not equipped with an approved ignition interlock device for a period of two years after restoration of such person's operator's license or nonresident operating privilege.
See Sec. 14-111g re motor vehicle operator's retraining program.
See Sec. 14-227o re discount for ignition interlock device services.
Cited. 219 C. 752; 222 C. 672; 224 C. 730; 226 C. 191; 230 C. 572. Nothing said in General Assembly proceeding concerning an amendment to section to remedy an unrelated aspect changed the rule of law; judgment of Appellate Court in 33 CA 232 reversed. 232 C. 1.
Cited. 5 CA 590; 9 CA 686; 16 CA 472; 21 CA 138; 22 CA 142; 23 CA 215; Id., 720; 25 CA 282; 26 CA 805; 32 CA 553; 33 CA 232; judgment reversed, see 232 C. 1; 34 CA 557; Id., 655; 36 CA 710; 38 CA 282; 40 CA 359. Nothing in Sec. 14-227a prohibits evidence of consciousness of guilt based on defendant's refusal to take a breath test being considered in a prosecution under this section. 63 CA 433.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-63. - Reckless endangerment in the first degree: Class A misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of reckless endangerment in the first degree when, with extreme indifference to human life, he recklessly engages in conduct which creates a risk of serious physical injury to another person.
(b) Reckless endangerment in the first degree is a class A misdemeanor.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 64.)
Cited. 179 C. 617; 194 C. 408; 200 C. 607; 226 C. 497; 233 C. 502; 238 C. 313; 241 C. 413; 242 C. 648.
Cited. 2 CA 617; 3 CA 163; 8 CA 496; Id., 631; 32 CA 84; 33 CA 103; Id., 743; judgment reversed, see 233 C. 502; 41 CA 47; 43 CA 578; 44 CA 6. Under section, jury has to consider objectively the nature and degree of the risk and defendant's subjective awareness of that risk. 75 CA 432.
Cited. 39 CS 347; Id., 359; 42 CS 574.
Subsec. (a):
Cited. 227 C. 301; 237 C. 348.
Cited. 3 CA 289; 8 CA 153; 10 CA 659; 18 CA 477; 24 CA 330; 26 CA 145; 40 CA 515; Id., 643; 42 CA 768; 45 CA 369. Defendant's conduct in pointing gun at police officers, even though gun was not racked, and struggling with them in crowded bar was sufficient to constitute reckless endangerment; danger engendered by defendant's conduct arose from distinct potential that others in bar would fire their weapons and result in serious injury to officers or bystanders. 141 CA 377; judgment affirmed, see 317 C. 845.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-64. - Reckless endangerment in the second degree: Class B misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of reckless endangerment in the second degree when he recklessly engages in conduct which creates a risk of physical injury to another person.
(b) Reckless endangerment in the second degree is a class B misdemeanor.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 65.)
Cited. 194 C. 408; 223 C. 618.
Cited. 3 CA 166; 8 CA 342; 14 CA 6; Id., 10; Id., 804; 23 CA 123; 24 CA 662; judgment reversed, see 223 C. 618; 31 CA 497.
Cited. 35 CS 570; 37 CS 661; 38 CS 619; 40 CA 643. Defendant's recklessly placing his hands around victim's throat and causing her to lose consciousness for a brief period of time constituted “serious physical injury” in violation of statute. 46 CS 130.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-64aa. - Strangulation or suffocation in the first degree: Class C felony.

(a) A person is guilty of strangulation or suffocation in the first degree when such person commits strangulation or suffocation in the second degree as provided in section 53a-64bb and (1) in the commission of such offense, such person (A) uses or attempts to use a dangerous instrument, or (B) causes serious physical injury to such other person, or (2) such person has previously been convicted of a violation of this section or section 53a-64bb.
(b) No person shall be found guilty of strangulation or suffocation in the first degree and unlawful restraint or assault upon the same incident, but such person may be charged and prosecuted for all three offenses upon the same information. For the purposes of this section, “unlawful restraint” means a violation of section 53a-95 or 53a-96, and “assault” means a violation of section 53a-59, 53a-59a, 53a-59b, 53a-59c, 53a-60, 53a-60a, 53a-60b, 53a-60c, 53a-61 or 53a-61a.
(c) Strangulation or suffocation in the first degree is a class C felony.
(P.A. 07-123, S. 8; P.A. 17-31, S. 3.)
History: P.A. 17-31 added references to suffocation.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-64bb. - Strangulation or suffocation in the second degree: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of strangulation or suffocation in the second degree when such person restrains another person by the neck or throat or obstructs such other person's nose or mouth with the intent to impede the ability of such other person to breathe or restrict blood circulation of such other person and such person impedes the ability of such other person to breathe or restricts blood circulation of such other person.
(b) No person shall be found guilty of strangulation or suffocation in the second degree and unlawful restraint or assault upon the same incident, but such person may be charged and prosecuted for all three offenses upon the same information. For the purposes of this section, “unlawful restraint” means a violation of section 53a-95 or 53a-96, and “assault” means a violation of section 53a-59, 53a-59a, 53a-59b, 53a-59c, 53a-60, 53a-60a, 53a-60b, 53a-60c, 53a-61 or 53a-61a.
(c) Strangulation or suffocation in the second degree is a class D felony.
(P.A. 07-123, S. 9; P.A. 17-31, S. 4.)
History: P.A. 17-31 amended Subsec. (a) to add provision re obstruction of nose or mouth and added reference to suffocation.
The “same incident” prohibition was included by the legislature in Subsec. (b) rather than Subsec. (a) because the provision is not intended to set forth an element of the crime, but, rather, to express legislative intentions relating specifically to double jeopardy. 339 C. 452.
Prohibition on multiple convictions arising out of the same incident in Subsec. (b) does not apply when convictions stem from wholly separate criminal conduct by defendant even if committed against the same victim on the same day. 142 CA 657. Facts presented did not allow for combined convictions of strangulation in the second degree under Subsec. (b), unlawful restraint in the first degree under Sec. 53a-95 and assault in the third degree under Sec. 53a-61(a)(1). 149 CA 334.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-64cc. - Strangulation or suffocation in the third degree: Class A misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of strangulation or suffocation in the third degree when such person recklessly restrains another person by the neck or throat or obstructs such other person's nose or mouth and impedes the ability of such other person to breathe or restricts blood circulation of such other person.
(b) No person shall be found guilty of strangulation or suffocation in the third degree and unlawful restraint or assault upon the same incident, but such person may be charged and prosecuted for all three offenses upon the same information. For the purposes of this section, “unlawful restraint” means a violation of section 53a-95 or 53a-96, and “assault” means a violation of section 53a-59, 53a-59a, 53a-59b, 53a-59c, 53a-60, 53a-60a, 53a-60b, 53a-60c, 53a-61 or 53a-61a.
(c) Strangulation or suffocation in the third degree is a class A misdemeanor.
(P.A. 07-123, S. 10; P.A. 17-31, S. 5.)
History: P.A. 17-31 amended Subsec. (a) to add provision re obstruction of nose or mouth and added references to suffocation.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-67. - Affirmative defenses.

(a) In any prosecution for an offense under this part based on the victim's being mentally incapacitated, physically helpless or impaired because of mental disability or disease, it shall be an affirmative defense that the actor, at the time such actor engaged in the conduct constituting the offense, did not know of such condition of the victim.
(b) In any prosecution for an offense under this part, except an offense under section 53a-70b of the general statutes, revision of 1958, revised to January 1, 2019, or section 53a-70, 53a-70a, 53a-71, 53a-72a or 53a-72b, it shall be an affirmative defense that the defendant and the alleged victim were, at the time of the alleged offense, living together by mutual consent in a relationship of cohabitation, regardless of the legal status of their relationship.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 68; P.A. 75-619, S. 2; P.A. 81-27, S. 3; P.A. 90-162; P.A. 13-47, S. 4; P.A. 19-189, S. 22.)
History: P.A. 75-619 deleted former Subsec. (b) which had allowed as affirmative defense the actor's belief that alleged victim was above the specified age in cases where age is an element of offense unless victim is under 14, relettering Subsec. (c) accordingly; P.A. 81-27 amended Subsec. (b) to exempt prosecutions for an offense under Sec. 53a-70b; P.A. 90-162 amended Subsec. (b) to exempt prosecutions for an offense under Sec. 53a-70, 53a-70a, 53a-71, 53a-72a or 53a-72b; P.A. 13-47 amended Subsec. (a) to substitute “impaired because of mental disability or disease” for “mentally defective”; P.A. 19-189 amended Subsec. (b) by replacing “53a-70b,” with “section 53a-70b of the general statutes, revision of 1958, revised to January 1, 2019, or”.
Cited. 192 C. 154; 198 C. 190; 202 C. 86.
Cited. 3 CA 374.
Subsec. (b):
Discussion of “cohabitation” and burden of producing evidence thereof for entitlement to a charge on the affirmative defense under statute. 181 C. 426. Cited. 209 C. 733; 233 C. 813.
Cited. 1 CA 724; 10 CA 709; 11 CA 102; 25 CA 384; 28 CA 581; judgment reversed, see 226 C. 601; 41 CA 604.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-68 and 53a-69. - Corroboration; exceptions. Time limitation for complaint.

Sections 53a-68 and 53a-69 are repealed.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 69, 70; P.A. 74-131; P.A. 76-216; P.A. 87-223.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-70b. - Sexual assault in spousal or cohabiting relationship: Class B felony.

Section 53a-70b is repealed, effective October 1, 2019.
(P.A. 81-27, S. 1; P.A. 14-234, S. 9; P.A. 19-189, S. 44.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-70c. - Aggravated sexual assault of a minor: Class A felony.

(a) A person is guilty of aggravated sexual assault of a minor when such person commits a violation of subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 53-21 or section 53a-70, 53a-70a, 53a-71, 53a-86, 53a-87 or 53a-196a and the victim of such offense is under thirteen years of age, and (1) such person kidnapped or illegally restrained the victim, (2) such person stalked the victim, (3) such person used violence to commit such offense against the victim, (4) such person caused serious physical injury to or disfigurement of the victim, (5) there was more than one victim of such offense under thirteen years of age, (6) such person was not known to the victim, or (7) such person has previously been convicted of a violent sexual assault.
(b) Aggravated sexual assault of a minor is a class A felony and any person found guilty under this section shall, for a first offense, be sentenced to a term of imprisonment, twenty-five years of which may not be suspended or reduced by the court and, for any subsequent offense, be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of fifty years which may not be suspended or reduced by the court.
(P.A. 07-143, S. 3; P.A. 17-216, S. 2.)
History: P.A. 07-143 effective July 13, 2007; P.A. 17-216 amended Subsec. (b) by replacing “imprisonment of twenty-five years which” with “imprisonment, twenty-five years of which”.
For purposes of double jeopardy, Secs. 53-21(a)(2) and 53a-70(a)(2) are essential elements of this section when they are charged as predicate offenses, therefore, the harms targeted by those sections necessarily coexist in every prosecution under this section in which those sections are alleged as predicate offenses; it is not clear from legislative history that legislature intended to specifically authorize cumulative convictions and sentences under this section and Secs. 53-21(a)(2) and 53a-70(a)(2). 170 CA 501.
Subsec. (a):
Subdivs. (1) and (6) constitute separately punishable offenses pursuant to test set forth in 284 U.S. 299; because Subdivs. (1) and (6) each require proof of a fact that the other does not, and because nothing in either the statutory text or legislative history of section reveals a contrary legislative intent, multiple convictions under section for the same transaction do not violate the double jeopardy clause. 319 C. 684.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-72. - Rape in the first degree: Class B felony.

Section 53a-72 is repealed.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 73; 1971, P.A. 871, S. 125; P.A. 75-619, S. 7.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-72b. - Sexual assault in the third degree with a firearm: Class C or B felony.

(a) A person is guilty of sexual assault in the third degree with a firearm when such person commits sexual assault in the third degree as provided in section 53a-72a, and in the commission of such offense, such person uses or is armed with and threatens the use of or displays or represents by such person's words or conduct that such person possesses a pistol, revolver, machine gun, rifle, shotgun or other firearm. No person shall be convicted of sexual assault in the third degree and sexual assault in the third degree with a firearm upon the same transaction but such person may be charged and prosecuted for both such offenses upon the same information.
(b) Sexual assault in the third degree with a firearm is a class C felony or, if the victim of the offense is under sixteen years of age, a class B felony, and any person found guilty under this section shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of which two years of the sentence imposed may not be suspended or reduced by the court and a period of special parole pursuant to subsection (b) of section 53a-28 which together constitute a sentence of ten years.
(P.A. 75-619, S. 10; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 99-2, S. 51; P.A. 02-138, S. 9.)
History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 99-2 amended Subsec. (b) to increase the penalty from a class D to a class C felony, increase from 1 year to 2 years the nonsuspendable portion of the sentence and add requirement that any person found guilty be sentenced to a term of imprisonment and a period of special parole pursuant to Sec. 53a-28(b) which together constitute a sentence of 10 years and made provisions of section gender neutral; P.A. 02-138 amended Subsec. (b) to classify the offense as a class B felony if the victim is under 16 years of age.
See chapter 968a re address confidentiality program.
See Sec. 53a-40c re sentence of psychological counseling for sexual assault of minor.
See Sec. 54-86f re admissibility of evidence of prior sexual conduct.
Cited. 175 C. 315; 192 C. 154; 207 C. 412; 216 C. 282; 240 C. 743.
Cited. 3 CA 374; 35 CA 173; 43 CA 715.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-74 to 53a-81. - Rape in the second degree. Deviate sexual intercourse in the first and second degree. Sexual contact in the first, second and third degree. Adultery: Class A misdemeanor.

Sections 53a-74 to 53a-81, inclusive, are repealed.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 75–82; 1971, P.A. 871, S. 126–129; 1972, P.A. 127, S. 79, 80; P.A. 75-619, S. 7; P.A. 91-19, S. 2.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-82. - Prostitution: Class A misdemeanor.

(a) A person eighteen years of age or older is guilty of prostitution when such person engages or agrees or offers to engage in sexual conduct with another person in return for a fee.
(b) In any prosecution for an offense under this section, it shall be an affirmative defense that the actor was a victim of conduct by another person that constitutes (1) a violation of section 53a-192a, or (2) a criminal violation of 18 USC Chapter 77, as amended from time to time.
(c) Nothing in this section shall limit a person's right to assert the defense of duress pursuant to section 53a-14 in any prosecution for an offense under this section.
(d) Prostitution is a class A misdemeanor.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 83; P.A. 06-43, S. 5; P.A. 10-115, S. 1; P.A 13-166, S. 3; P.A. 16-71, S. 6.)
History: P.A. 06-43 added new Subsec. (b) re affirmative defense and redesignated existing Subsec. (b) as Subsec. (c), effective July 1, 2006; P.A. 10-115 amended Subsec. (a) to limit applicability of offense to person 16 years of age or older, added new Subsec. (c) re presumption of coercion of person 16 or 17 years of age and redesignated existing Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (d); P.A. 13-166 amended Subsecs. (b) and (c) to replace provisions re actor being coerced into committing offense with provisions re actor being a victim of conduct by another that constitutes a violation of Sec. 53a-192a, designated as Subdiv. (1), or a victim of a criminal violation of 18 USC Chapter 77, designated as Subdiv. (2), added new Subsec. (d) re right to assert defense of duress pursuant to Sec. 53a-14, and redesignated existing Subsec. (d) as Subsec. (e); P.A. 16-71 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “sixteen” with “eighteen” re age of person to be guilty of prostitution, deleted former Subsec. (c) re prosecution of person age 16 or 17 and redesignated existing Subsecs. (d) and (e) as Subsecs. (c) and (d).
Meaning of statutory language is clear and is sufficient to warn ordinary person of the prohibited conduct. 37 CS 506. Does not violate right to privacy which has never been extended to encompass prostitutes plying their trade on the street. Id., 515.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-83. - Soliciting sexual acts: Class A misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of soliciting sexual acts when: (1) Pursuant to a prior understanding, such person exchanges anything of value with another person as compensation for such person or a third person having engaged in sexual conduct with such person; (2) such person exchanges or agrees to exchange anything of value with another person pursuant to an understanding that such other person or a third person will engage in sexual conduct with such person; or (3) such person solicits or requests another person to engage in sexual conduct with such person in exchange for anything of value.
(b) Soliciting sexual acts is a class A misdemeanor and any person found guilty shall be fined two thousand dollars.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 84; P.A. 13-166, S. 4; P.A. 16-71, S. 7; P.A. 17-32, S. 3; P.A. 21-102, S. 2; P.A. 21-103, S. 4.)
History: P.A. 13-166 amended Subsec. (b) to provide exception re Subsec. (c) and added Subsec. (c) re class C felony offense if person knew or reasonably should have known the other person had not attained 18 years of age or was a victim of trafficking in persons or a criminal violation of 18 USC Chapter 77; P.A. 16-71 amended Subsec. (b) by adding provision re $2,000 fine and amended Subsec. (c) by deleting “such person knew or reasonably should have known at the time of the offense that”; P.A. 17-32 deleted Subsec. (c) re class C felony offense if other person had not attained 18 years of age or was a victim of trafficking in persons or a criminal violation of 18 USC Chapter 77, and made technical and conforming changes; P.A. 21-102 replaced “patronizing a prostitute” with “soliciting sexual acts”; P.A. 21-103 replaced language re payment of a fee with language re exchange for anything of value throughout Subsec. (a).
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-83a. - Patronizing a prostitute from a motor vehicle: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-83a is repealed, effective October 1, 2017.
(P.A. 93-265, S. 2; P.A. 97-279, S. 2; P.A. 16-71, S. 8; P.A. 17-32, S. 10.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-83b. - Commercial sexual abuse of a minor: Class B felony.

(a) A person is guilty of commercial sexual abuse of a minor when: (1) Such person exchanges anything of value with a minor or third person as compensation for a minor having engaged in sexual conduct with such person; (2) such person exchanges or agrees to exchange anything of value with a minor or a third person pursuant to an understanding that in return the minor will engage in sexual conduct with such person; or (3) such person solicits or requests to engage in sexual conduct with a minor, or any other person that such person reasonably believes to be a minor, in return for anything of value.
(b) Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, commercial sexual abuse of a minor is a class B felony.
(c) Commercial sexual abuse of a minor is a class A felony if the minor has not attained fifteen years of age.
(d) For purposes of this section, “minor” means a person who has not attained eighteen years of age.
(P.A. 17-32, S. 4; P.A. 21-103, S. 5.)
History: P.A. 21-103 replaced language re payment of a fee with language re exchange for anything of value throughout Subsec. (a).
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-84. - Defenses barred.

(a) In any prosecution for prostitution in violation of section 53a-82 or soliciting sexual acts in violation of section 53a-83, the sex of the two parties or prospective parties to the sexual conduct engaged in, contemplated or solicited is immaterial, and it shall be no defense that: (1) Such persons were of the same sex; or (2) the person who received, agreed to receive or solicited a fee was a male and the person who paid or agreed or offered to pay such fee was a female.
(b) In any prosecution for soliciting sexual acts in violation of section 53a-83 promoting prostitution in violation of section 53a-86, 53a-87 or 53a-88 or permitting prostitution in violation of section 53a-89, it shall be no defense that the person engaging or agreeing to engage in sexual conduct with another person in return for a fee could not be prosecuted for a violation of section 53a-82 on account of such person's age.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 85; P.A. 10-115, S. 4; P.A. 17-32, S. 8; P.A. 21-102, S. 3.)
History: P.A. 10-115 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (a) and amended same to add “in violation of section 53a-82” re prosecution for prostitution and “in violation of section 53a-83 or 53a-83a” re prosecution for patronizing a prostitute and added Subsec. (b) to provide that it is not a defense to patronizing a prostitute, promoting prostitution or permitting prostitution if the person engaging or offering to engage in sexual conduct for a fee could not be prosecuted under Sec. 53a-82 on account of age; P.A. 17-32 deleted references to Sec. 53a-83a; P.A. 21-102 replaced “patronizing a prostitute” with “soliciting sexual acts”.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-85. - Promoting prostitution: Definitions.

The following definitions are applicable to sections 53a-86 to 53a-89, inclusive:
(1) A person “advances prostitution” when, acting other than as a prostitute or as a patron thereof, he knowingly causes or aids a person to commit or engage in prostitution, procures or solicits patrons for prostitution, provides persons or premises for prostitution purposes, operates or assists in the operation of a house of prostitution or a prostitution enterprise, or engages in any other conduct designed to institute, aid or facilitate an act or enterprise of prostitution.
(2) A person “profits from prostitution” when acting other than as a prostitute receiving compensation for personally rendered prostitution services, he accepts or receives money or other property pursuant to an agreement or understanding with any person whereby he participates or is to participate in the proceeds of prostitution activity.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 86.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-86. - Promoting prostitution in the first degree: Class B felony.

(a) A person is guilty of promoting prostitution in the first degree when he knowingly: (1) Advances prostitution by compelling a person by force or intimidation to engage in prostitution, or profits from coercive conduct by another; or (2) advances or profits from prostitution of a person less than eighteen years old.
(b) Promoting prostitution in the first degree is a class B felony. Any person found guilty under subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of which nine months of the sentence imposed may not be suspended or reduced by the court and shall be fined fifteen thousand dollars.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 87; P.A. 10-115, S. 2; P.A. 16-71, S. 16.)
History: P.A. 10-115 amended Subsec. (a)(2) to increase applicable age limit from 16 to 18 and amended Subsec. (b) to add 9-month nonsuspendable sentence for person found guilty under Subsec. (a)(2); P.A. 16-71 amended Subsec. (b) by adding provision re $15,000 fine.
Cited. 185 C. 199; 191 C. 453; 199 C. 47.
Sentencing under both risk of injury and promoting prostitution statutes not a double jeopardy violation. 53 CA 627.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-87. - Promoting prostitution in the second degree: Class C felony.

(a) A person is guilty of promoting prostitution in the second degree when he knowingly advances or profits from prostitution by managing, supervising, controlling or owning, either alone or in association with others, a house of prostitution or a prostitution business or enterprise involving prostitution activity by two or more prostitutes.
(b) Promoting prostitution in the second degree is a class C felony and any person found guilty shall be fined ten thousand dollars.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 88; 1972, P.A. 127, S. 81; P.A. 10-115, S. 3; P.A. 16-71, S. 17.)
History: 1972 act changed applicable age in Subsec. (a)(2) from 19 to 18, reflecting change in age of majority; P.A. 10-115 amended Subsec. (a) to delete former Subdiv. (2) re advancing or profiting from prostitution of person less than 18 years old and make a technical change; P.A. 16-71 amended Subsec. (b) by adding provision re $10,000 fine.
Cited. 199 C. 47.
Cited. 13 CA 732.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-88. - Promoting prostitution in the third degree: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of promoting prostitution in the third degree when he knowingly advances or profits from prostitution.
(b) Promoting prostitution in the third degree is a class D felony and any person found guilty shall be fined five thousand dollars.
(1969, P. A. 828, S. 89; P.A. 16-71, S. 18.)
History: P.A. 16-71 amended Subsec. (b) by adding provision re $5,000 fine.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-89. - Permitting prostitution: Class A misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of permitting prostitution when, having possession or control of premises which he knows are being used for prostitution purposes, he fails to make reasonable effort to halt or abate such use.
(b) Permitting prostitution is a class A misdemeanor and any person found guilty shall be fined two thousand dollars.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 90; P.A. 16-71, S. 19.)
History: P.A. 16-71 amended Subsec. (b) by adding provision re $2,000 fine.
Cited. 185 C. 199.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-90a. - Enticing a minor. Penalties.

(a) A person is guilty of enticing a minor when such person uses an interactive computer service to knowingly persuade, induce, entice or coerce any person (1) under eighteen years of age, or (2) who the actor reasonably believes to be under eighteen years of age, to engage in prostitution or sexual activity for which the actor may be charged with a criminal offense. For purposes of this section, “interactive computer service” means any information service, system or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server, including specifically a service or system that provides access to the Internet and such systems operated or services offered by libraries or educational institutions.
(b) (1) Except as provided in subdivision (2) of this subsection, enticing a minor is a class D felony for a first offense, a class C felony for a second offense and a class B felony for any subsequent offense.
(2) Enticing a minor is a class B felony if the victim of the offense is under thirteen years of age and any person found guilty of such class B felony shall, for a first offense, be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of which five years of the sentence imposed may not be suspended or reduced by the court and, for any subsequent offense, be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of which ten years of the sentence imposed may not be suspended or reduced by the court.
(P.A. 99-113; P.A. 04-139, S. 1; P.A. 07-143, S. 5; P.A. 16-71, S. 9.)
History: P.A. 04-139 amended Subsec. (b) to increase penalty for a first offense from a class A misdemeanor to a class D felony, for a second offense from a class D felony to a class C felony and for any subsequent offense from a class C felony to a class B felony, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 07-143 amended Subsec. (b) to designate existing penalty provision as Subdiv. (1) and amend same to add exception re Subdiv. (2) and to add new Subdiv. (2) classifying offense as a class B felony if the victim is under 13 years of age and specifying a term of imprisonment which may not be suspended or reduced by the court of 5 years for a first offense and 10 years for a subsequent offense, effective July 1, 2007; P.A. 16-71 amended Subsec. (a) by designating existing provision re age of person as Subdiv. (1) and amending same to replace “sixteen” with “eighteen” and by adding Subdiv. (2) re actor reasonably believes person to be under age 18.
Subsec. (a):
The plain meaning of the word “entice”, as used in Subsec., does not require that an individual actually succeed in convincing a person to act for an enticement to have occurred, and therefore, it is not necessary that defendant actually engage in sexual activity with a minor to be convicted. 127 CA 464.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-90b. - Misrepresentation of age to entice a minor: Class C felony.

(a) A person is guilty of misrepresentation of age to entice a minor when such person, in the course of and in furtherance of the commission of a violation of section 53a-90a, intentionally misrepresents such person's age.
(b) Misrepresentation of age to entice a minor is a class C felony.
(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-4, S. 97.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-91. - Definitions.

The following definitions are applicable to this part:
(1) “Restrain” means to restrict a person's movements intentionally and unlawfully in such a manner as to interfere substantially with his liberty by moving him from one place to another, or by confining him either in the place where the restriction commences or in a place to which he has been moved, without consent. As used herein “without consent” means, but is not limited to, (A) deception and (B) any means whatever, including acquiescence of the victim, if he is a child less than sixteen years old or an incompetent person and the parent, guardian or other person or institution having lawful control or custody of him has not acquiesced in the movement or confinement.
(2) “Abduct” means to restrain a person with intent to prevent his liberation by either (A) secreting or holding him in a place where he is not likely to be found, or (B) using or threatening to use physical force or intimidation.
(3) “Relative” means a parent, ancestor, brother, sister, uncle or aunt.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 92; P.A. 92-260, S. 35.)
History: P.A. 92-260 amended Subdivs. (1) and (2) to replace Subpara. designators “(a)” and “(b)” with “(A)” and “(B)”, respectively.
Language is clear and does not lend itself to any equivocal interpretation. 173 C. 165. Cited. 177 C. 335; 179 C. 328; 188 C. 406; 191 C. 604; 200 C. 586; 209 C. 733; 211 C. 672; 215 C. 716; 216 C. 647; 219 C. 489; 225 C. 347; 226 C. 618. Terms “restrained” and “abducted” interpreted to include frightening victim to remain in bedroom through repeated physical and verbal abuse. 258 C. 510. The point at which an intended interference with liberty under Subdiv. (1) crosses the line to become an intended prevention of liberation under Subdiv. (2) is not entirely clear. 287 C. 509.
Cited. 20 CA 437; 46 CA 486; 55 CA 447.
Subdiv. (1):
Cited. 180 C. 565; 195 C. 253; 198 C. 147; Id., 430; Id., 537; 202 C. 520; 215 C. 173; 237 C. 284.
Cited. 5 CA 586; 13 CA 667; 17 CA 339; 19 CA 396; 30 CA 281; 31 CA 312.
Subdiv. (2):
Cited. 172 C. 22; 177 C. 637; 178 C. 634; 182 C. 449; 199 C. 537.
Cited. 36 CA 190. To prove unlawful restraint, the state had to prove that defendant abducted alleged victim by restraining her with intent to prevent her liberation by using or threatening to use physical force or intimidation. 81 CA 320.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-92a. - Kidnapping in the first degree with a firearm: Class A felony.

(a) A person is guilty of kidnapping in the first degree with a firearm when such person commits kidnapping in the first degree as provided in section 53a-92, and in the commission of said crime such person uses or is armed with and threatens the use of or displays or represents by such person's words or conduct that such person possesses a pistol, revolver, machine gun, shotgun, rifle or other firearm. No person shall be convicted of kidnapping in the first degree and kidnapping in the first degree with a firearm upon the same transaction but such person may be charged and prosecuted for both such offenses upon the same information.
(b) Kidnapping in the first degree with a firearm is a class A felony.
(P.A. 75-380, S. 9; P.A. 13-28, S. 2.)
History: P.A. 13-28 made technical changes and amended Subsec. (b) to delete requirement that 1 year of sentence may not be suspended or reduced by the court
Cited. 198 C. 671. Effect of enactment of statute was to link a more serious crime with a less serious penalty; equal protection rights violated. 200 C. 268. Cited. 204 C. 240; 205 C. 262; Id., 673; 210 C. 110; Id., 315; 211 C. 672; 216 C. 282.
Cited. 40 CA 60.
Subsec. (b):
Statute “has created an irreconcilable conflict in the statutes governing mandatory minimum sentences for kidnapping in the first degree ... until the legislature takes corrective action the sentencing provisions of (statute) govern all prosecutions for kidnapping in the first degree”; statutory construction discussed. 198 C. 671. Equal protection rights discussed. 200 C. 268. Cited. 207 C. 412.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-94a. - Kidnapping in the second degree with a firearm: Class B felony: Three years not suspendable.

(a) A person is guilty of kidnapping in the second degree with a firearm when he commits kidnapping in the second degree, as provided in section 53a-94, and in the commission of such offense he uses or is armed with and threatens the use of or uses or displays or represents by his words or conduct that he possesses a pistol, revolver, machine gun, shotgun, rifle or other firearm. No person shall be convicted of kidnapping in the second degree and kidnapping in the second degree with a firearm upon the same transaction but such person may be charged and prosecuted for both such offenses upon the same information.
(b) Kidnapping in the second degree with a firearm is a class B felony for which three years of the sentence imposed may not be suspended or reduced by the court.
(P.A. 75-380, S. 10; P.A. 92-260, S. 37; P.A. 93-148, S. 2.)
History: P.A. 92-260 made a technical change in Subsec. (a); P.A. 93-148 amended Subsec. (b) to increase from one year to three years the length of the nonsuspendable sentence.
Cited. 188 C. 697; 200 C. 523; 201 C. 115; 207 C. 412; 210 C. 110; 211 C. 672; 216 C. 282.
Cited. 9 CA 648; 46 CA 741. Although defendant did not physically restrain victim during her confinement, his threat against victim's life while armed with deadly weapon was evidence from which jury could reasonably infer that defendant possessed specific intent to prevent victim's liberation; defendant could not prevail on argument that section is unconstitutionally vague for failing to provide notice that any restraint of victim, even for a very brief time, could constitute the crime of kidnapping; case is not one of the rare cases where the restraint is so minimal or limited in time as to warrant a finding of unconstitutional vagueness. 133 CA 514.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-95. - Unlawful restraint in the first degree: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of unlawful restraint in the first degree when he restrains another person under circumstances which expose such other person to a substantial risk of physical injury.
(b) Unlawful restraint in the first degree is a class D felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 97; P.A. 92-260, S. 38.)
History: P.A. 92-260 amended Subsec. (a) to replace “the latter” with “such other person”.
Cited. 171 C. 395; 182 C. 353; Id., 366; 187 C. 216; Id., 348; 191 C. 604; 194 C. 297; 195 C. 253; 197 C. 298; Id., 309; 198 C. 430; 199 C. 193; 200 C. 9; 201 C. 659; 202 C. 676; 205 C. 352; 220 C. 112; 222 C. 331; 223 C. 180; 224 C. 397; 226 C. 601; 236 C. 112; 237 C. 284; 242 C. 689. Because an unlawful restraint involves the restriction of another person's movements with the intent to interfere substantially with that person's liberty, the crime of unlawful restraint is a specific intent crime. 287 C. 509.
Cited. 3 CA 374; 5 CA 424; Id., 586; 6 CA 334; 7 CA 701; 8 CA 620; 9 CA 631; judgment reversed, see 205 C. 352; 10 CA 217; 13 CA 554; 17 CA 234. Specific intent required. Id, 339. Cited. Id., 391; Id., 490; 22 CA 477; 28 CA 581; judgment reversed, see 226 C. 601; 31 CA 20; Id., 312; 36 CA 805; 40 CA 553; 41 CA 701; 42 CA 78; Id., 445; 43 CA 715; 46 CA 486. Immediate flight of victim demonstrates absence of restraint by defendant. 140 CA 393.
Cited. 43 CS 211.
Subsec. (a):
Cited. 174 C. 500; 176 C. 227; 179 C. 381; 185 C. 211; 186 C. 599; 190 C. 104; 197 C. 50; Id., 602; 198 C. 598; Id., 617; 205 C. 39; Id., 61; Id., 437; Id., 528; 206 C. 40; 209 C. 143; 222 C. 87; 227 C. 32; Id., 153; 241 C. 784; 242 C. 523.
Cited. 6 CA 697; 8 CA 387; Id., 491; Id., 566; 9 CA 79; Id., 208; 13 CA 667; 14 CA 710; 18 CA 134; Id., 730; 19 CA 631; 21 CA 244; Id., 467; 25 CA 725; 26 CA 574; Id., 641; 32 CA 178; 38 CA 531; Id., 777; 39 CA 45; Id., 789; Id., 832; 41 CA 255; Id., 817. Conviction of both sexual assault and unlawful restraint is not double jeopardy. 47 CA 117.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-96. - Unlawful restraint in the second degree: Class A misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of unlawful restraint in the second degree when he restrains another person.
(b) Unlawful restraint in the second degree is a class A misdemeanor.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 98.)
Cited. 178 C. 600; 188 C. 372; 191 C. 604; 197 C. 413; Id., 602; 206 C. 100; 211 C. 672; 224 C. 397; 231 C. 195. Because an unlawful restraint involves the restriction of another person's movements with the intent to interfere substantially with that person's liberty, the crime of unlawful restraint is a specific intent crime. 287 C. 509.
Cited. 9 CA 656; 19 CA 396; 29 CA 524; 30 CA 281; 31 CA 497; 46 CA 486.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-97. - Custodial interference in the first degree: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of custodial interference in the first degree when he commits custodial interference in the second degree as provided in section 53a-98: (1) Under circumstances which expose the child or person taken or enticed from lawful custody or the child held after a request by the lawful custodian for his return to a risk that his safety will be endangered or his health materially impaired; or (2) by taking, enticing or detaining the child or person out of this state.
(b) Custodial interference in the first degree is a class D felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 99; P.A. 81-280, S. 2; P.A. 92-260, S. 39; P.A. 95-206, S. 1.)
History: P.A. 81-280 amended Subsec. (a)(1) to include risk to a child held after a request by the lawful custodian for his return; P.A. 92-260 made technical changes in Subsec. (a); P.A. 95-206 amended Subsec. (a) by classifying the detention of a child or person out of this state as a violation of custodial interference in the first degree.
Cited. 182 C. 353; 226 C. 652. Joint custodian is not inherently immune from criminal prosecution under section solely on basis of his or her status as a joint custodian. 251 C. 656. Language of statute standing alone provided defendant with fair notice of the illegality of his conduct at the time of his actions. 272 C. 762.
Cited. 34 CS 219.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-98. - Custodial interference in the second degree: Class A misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of custodial interference in the second degree when: (1) Being a relative of a child who is less than sixteen years old and intending to hold such child permanently or for a protracted period and knowing that he has no legal right to do so, he takes or entices such child from his lawful custodian; (2) knowing that he has no legal right to do so, he takes or entices from lawful custody any incompetent person or any person entrusted by authority of law to the custody of another person or institution; or (3) knowing that he has no legal right to do so, he holds, keeps or otherwise refuses to return a child who is less than sixteen years old to such child's lawful custodian after a request by such custodian for the return of such child.
(b) Custodial interference in the second degree is a class A misdemeanor.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 100; P.A. 81-280, S. 1.)
History: P.A. 81-280 added Subsec. (a)(3) re failure to return a child to his lawful custodian after a request by the custodian for the child's return.
Cited. 226 C. 652. Language of statute standing alone provided defendant with fair notice of the illegality of his conduct at the time of his actions. 272 C. 762.
Subsec. (a)(3): Legislature intended “refuses to return” to include, at its core, a person who has declined a demand to send back a child to his or her lawful custodian, and this language provides clear notice that it encompasses the behavior of a person who either affirmatively declines to return a child to his or her lawful custodian or declines to take any affirmative steps to return a child to the lawful custodian upon the custodian's request. 197 CA 675.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-99. - Substitution of children: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of substitution of children when, having been temporarily entrusted with a child less than one year old and, intending to deceive a parent, guardian or other lawful custodian of such child, he substitutes, produces or returns to such parent, guardian or custodian a child other than the one entrusted.
(b) Substitution of children is a class D felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 101.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-100aa. - Home invasion: Class A felony.

(a) A person is guilty of home invasion when such person enters or remains unlawfully in a dwelling, while a person other than a participant in the crime is actually present in such dwelling, with intent to commit a crime therein, and, in the course of committing the offense: (1) Acting either alone or with one or more persons, such person or another participant in the crime commits or attempts to commit a felony against the person of another person other than a participant in the crime who is actually present in such dwelling, or (2) such person is armed with explosives or a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument.
(b) An act shall be deemed “in the course of committing” the offense if it occurs in an attempt to commit the offense or flight after the attempt or commission.
(c) Home invasion is a class A felony and any person found guilty under this section shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of which ten years may not be suspended or reduced by the court.
(Jan. Sp. Sess. P.A. 08-1, S. 1.)
History: Jan. Sp. Sess. P.A. 08-1 effective March 1, 2008.
Subsec. (a)(2): It is possible to commit the crime of home invasion without committing the crime of attempt to commit assault in the first degree, therefore home invasion in violation of Subdiv. and attempt to commit assault in the first degree in violation of Secs. 53a-59(a)(1) and 53a-49 are not the same offense for purposes of double jeopardy. 343 C. 470.
Subsec. (a)(1): Defendant could not be convicted of attempt to commit home invasion without proof beyond a reasonable doubt that it was specifically defendant who intended to commit a felony in the dwelling. 187 CA 333. Subsec. (a): The express language of Subsec. does not require that defendant enter the dwelling using force or cause any damage upon entering, although evidence of forced entry may be probative of unlawful entry. 192 CA 221.