reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-146. - Definitions.

For purposes of this part:
(1) An “official proceeding” is any proceeding held or which may be held before any legislative, judicial, administrative or other agency or official authorized to take evidence under oath, including any referee, hearing examiner, commissioner or notary or other person taking evidence in connection with any proceeding.
(2) “Benefit” means monetary advantage, or anything regarded by the beneficiary as a monetary advantage, including benefit to any person or entity in whose welfare the beneficiary is interested.
(3) “Public servant” is an officer or employee of government or a quasi-public agency, as defined in section 1-120, elected or appointed, and any person participating as advisor, consultant or otherwise, paid or unpaid, in performing a governmental function.
(4) “Government” includes any branch, subdivision or agency of the state or any locality within it.
(5) “Labor official” means any duly appointed or elected representative of a labor organization or any duly appointed or elected trustee or representative of an employee welfare trust fund.
(6) “Witness” is any person summoned, or who may be summoned, to give testimony in an official proceeding.
(7) “Juror” is any person who has been drawn or summoned to serve or act as a juror in any court.
(8) “Physical evidence” means any article, object, document, record or other thing of physical substance which is or is about to be produced or used as evidence in an official proceeding.
(9) “Person selected to be a public servant” means any person who has been nominated or appointed to be a public servant.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 148; P.A. 80-479, S. 1; P.A. 99-240, S. 12; June 11 Sp. Sess. P.A. 08-3, S. 7.)
History: P.A. 80-479 substituted “monetary advantage” for “gain or advantage” in Subdiv. (2), specified “paid or unpaid” advisors or consultants in Subdiv. (3) and added Subdiv. (9) defining “person selected to be a public servant”; P.A. 99-240 made definitions applicable to new Sec. 53a-151a but specific reference not added since said Sec. already included in existing reference to “this part” and made a technical change in Subdiv. (2) for purposes of gender neutrality; June 11 Sp. Sess. P.A. 08-3 redefined “public servant” in Subdiv. (3) to include reference to quasi-public agency.
Cited. 172 C. 458; 200 C. 664; 201 C. 379.
Cited. 2 CA 204; 22 CA 449; 40 CA 643. Section defines official proceeding as broadly covering presently instituted proceedings, as well as future proceedings that “may be held”; definition of witness includes those who have already been summoned to testify, as well as those who may be called to testify in the future. 160 CA 251.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-147. - Bribery: Class C felony.

(a) A person is guilty of bribery if he promises, offers, confers or agrees to confer upon a public servant or a person selected to be a public servant, any benefit as consideration for the recipient's decision, opinion, recommendation or vote as a public servant or a person selected to be a public servant.
(b) Bribery is a class C felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 149; P.A. 80-479, S. 2; P.A. 03-259, S. 46.)
History: P.A. 80-479 included bribery of persons selected to be public servants in provisions and bribery consisting of promises of benefits for recipient's decision, opinion, recommendation of vote, deleting reference to “other exercise of discretion”; P.A. 03-259 amended Subsec. (b) to change bribery from a class D felony to a class C felony.
Offense of offering gratuity requires element of proof, specific intent, which is not needed to prove greater offense of bribery; it is no defense for crime of bribery that police officer had no authority to take action desired by bribe given; covers crime of bribery in broad terms and is not limited to administration of justice and attempts to influence legislation. 172 C. 458. Sec. 29-9 is not lesser included offense to this charge, and acceptance of guilty plea to said section was nullity. Id., 608.
Cited. 1 CA 524; 5 CA 125; 9 CA 15; 14 CA 322; 21 CA 386. The term “offer” is undefined, but section language is similar to federal bribery statute, 18 USC 201(b), and, under federal law, a bribery conviction must be based on more than evidence of mere preparation, but must progress to the point that defendant made an offer that consisted of an expression of a desire and an ability to pay the public official for performing a proscribed act. 156 CA 650.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-148. - Bribe receiving: Class C felony.

(a) A public servant or a person selected to be a public servant is guilty of bribe receiving if he solicits, accepts or agrees to accept from another person any benefit for, because of, or as consideration for his decision, opinion, recommendation or vote.
(b) Bribe receiving is a class C felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 150; P.A. 80-479, S. 3; P.A. 92-260, S. 61; P.A. 03-259, S. 47.)
History: P.A. 80-479 applied provisions to persons selected to be public servants and reworded Subsec. (a); P.A. 92-260 amended Subsec. (a) to replace “another” with “another person”; P.A. 03-259 amended Subsec. (b) to change bribe receiving from a class D felony to a class C felony.
Offense under Sec. 29-9 is not a lesser included offense. 201 C. 379. Cited. 208 C. 411; 214 C. 657; 229 C. 716.
Cited. 5 CA 125; 14 CA 322; 17 CA 486; 20 CA 386; 22 CA 449.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-148a. - Failure to report bribery: Class A misdemeanor.

(a) A public servant, as defined in section 53a-146, is guilty of failure to report bribery when the public servant: (1) Knows that (A) another person has attempted to bribe such public servant, as defined in section 53a-147, or (B) such public servant has witnessed either (i) a person attempting to bribe another public servant, as defined in section 53a-147, or (ii) another public servant commit the crime of bribe receiving, as defined in section 53a-148; and (2) does not, as soon as reasonably practicable, report such crime to a law enforcement agency.
(b) Failure to report bribery is a class A misdemeanor.
(June 11 Sp. Sess. P.A. 08-3, S. 6.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-149. - Bribery of a witness: Class C felony.

(a) A person is guilty of bribery of a witness if he offers, confers or agrees to confer upon a witness any benefit to influence the testimony or conduct of such witness in, or in relation to, an official proceeding.
(b) Bribery of a witness is a class C felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 151; P.A. 03-259, S. 48.)
History: P.A. 03-259 amended Subsec. (b) to change bribery of a witness from a class D felony to a class C felony.
Cited. 192 C. 98.
Cited. 12 CA 74. State not required to establish existence of official proceeding at time of defendant's offer because definitions in Sec. 53a-146 encompass future proceedings that may be held and witnesses who may be summoned, and because crime of bribery is committed as soon as offer is made and, thus, it is irrelevant whether offer was made before or after institution of official proceeding; section is specific intent crime, requiring that act be made with the intent of influencing testimony or conduct. 160 CA 251. Trial court's interpretation of the term “influence” as meaning to alter comports with the state Supreme Court's construction of the relevant statutory language. 164 CA 459.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-150. - Bribe receiving by a witness: Class C felony.

(a) A witness is guilty of bribe receiving by a witness if he solicits, accepts or agrees to accept any benefit from another person upon an agreement or understanding that such benefit will influence his testimony or conduct in, or in relation to, any official proceeding.
(b) Bribe receiving by a witness is a class C felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 152; P.A. 03-259, S. 51.)
History: P.A. 03-259 amended Subsec. (b) to change bribe receiving by a witness from a class D felony to a class C felony.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-151a. - Intimidating a witness: Class B felony.

(a) A person is guilty of intimidating a witness when, believing that an official proceeding is pending or about to be instituted, such person uses, attempts to use or threatens the use of physical force against a witness or another person with intent to (1) influence, delay or prevent the testimony of the witness in the official proceeding, or (2) induce the witness to testify falsely, withhold testimony, elude legal process summoning the witness to testify or absent himself or herself from the official proceeding.
(b) Intimidating a witness is a class B felony.
(P.A. 99-240, S. 1; P.A. 17-24, S. 1.)
History: P.A. 17-24 amended Subsec. (b) to change intimidating a witness from a class C felony to a class B felony.
The phrase “believing that an official proceeding is pending or about to be instituted” is satisfied as long as the defendant believes that an official proceeding will probably occur, and it does not matter whether an official proceeding is actually pending or is about to be instituted. 321 C. 729.
Jury reasonably could have concluded that Facebook messages sent to witness by defendant forecasted future physical harm and were sent with the intent to influence, delay or prevent testimony at an official proceeding. 152 CA 590.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-152. - Bribery of a juror: Class C felony.

(a) A person is guilty of bribery of a juror if he offers, confers or agrees to confer upon a juror any benefit as consideration for the juror's decision or vote.
(b) Bribery of a juror is a class C felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 154; P.A. 73-639, S. 10.)
History: P.A. 73-639 made bribery of a juror a Class C, rather than a Class D, felony.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-153. - Bribe receiving by a juror: Class C felony.

(a) A juror is guilty of bribe receiving by a juror if he solicits, accepts or agrees to accept from another person any benefit as consideration for his decision or vote.
(b) Bribe receiving by a juror is a class C felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 155; P.A. 73-639, S. 11; P.A. 92-260, S. 62.)
History: P.A. 73-639 made bribe receiving by a juror a Class C, rather than a Class D, felony; P.A. 92-260 amended Subsec. (a) to replace “another” with “another person”.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-154. - Tampering with a juror: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of tampering with a juror if he influences any juror in relation to any official proceeding to or for which such juror has been drawn, summoned or sworn.
(b) Tampering with a juror is a class D felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 156.)
Cited. 170 C. 601.
Cited. 38 CS 464.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-155. - Tampering with or fabricating physical evidence: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of tampering with or fabricating physical evidence if, believing that a criminal investigation conducted by a law enforcement agency or an official proceeding is pending, or about to be instituted, such person: (1) Alters, destroys, conceals or removes any record, document or thing with purpose to impair its verity or availability in such criminal investigation or official proceeding; or (2) makes, presents or uses any record, document or thing knowing it to be false and with purpose to mislead a public servant who is or may be engaged in such criminal investigation or official proceeding.
(b) Tampering with or fabricating physical evidence is a class D felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 157; P.A. 15-211, S. 9.)
History: P.A. 15-211 amended Subsec. (a) by adding provision re criminal investigation conducted by law enforcement agency and making technical and conforming changes.
Cited. 214 C. 540; 236 C. 514; 237 C. 339. Section applies, no matter what stage the police have actually reached in their investigation, provided defendant believes it is probable that an official proceeding will arise; omission of the term “investigation” from section excludes situations in which defendant believes only an investigation, but not an official proceeding, is likely to take place. 314 C. 354.
Cited. 1 CA 540; 6 CA 394; 25 CA 624. Section does not require a temporal proximity between the alleged act and the subsequent official proceeding; element re pending or about to be instituted official proceeding was satisfied when defendant reasonably could have contemplated that an official proceeding was likely to arise. 147 CA 53.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-156. - Perjury: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of perjury if, in any official proceeding, such person intentionally, under oath or in an unsworn declaration under sections 1-65aa to 1-65hh, inclusive, makes a false statement, swears, affirms or testifies falsely, to a material statement which such person does not believe to be true.
(b) In any prosecution for an offense under this section, it shall be an affirmative defense that the actor was coerced into committing such offense by another person in violation of section 53a-192.
(c) Perjury is a class D felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 158; P.A. 10-33, S. 9; 10-180, S. 7.)
History: P.A. 10-33 added reference to an unsworn declaration under Secs. 1-65aa to 1-65hh; P.A. 10-180 amended Subsec. (a) to make technical changes, added new Subsec. (b) re affirmative defense of coercion and redesignated existing Subsec. (b) as Subsec. (c), effective June 8, 2010.
Cited. 175 C. 279; 189 C. 92; 193 C. 474; 200 C. 243. One-witness-plus-corroboration rule discussed. 204 C. 472.
Cited. 4 CA 359; 5 CA 552; 9 CA 686; 10 CA 605; 17 CA 395.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-157a. - False statement on a certified payroll: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of false statement on a certified payroll when such person intentionally makes a false written statement on a certified payroll submitted pursuant to section 31-53 which such person does not believe to be true and which statement is intended to mislead a contracting authority or the Labor Commissioner in the exercise of his authority or the fulfillment of his duties under chapter 557.
(b) False statement on a certified payroll is a class D felony.
(P.A. 93-392, S. 7; P.A. 13-144, S. 1.)
History: P.A. 13-144 changed “false statement in the first degree” to “false statement on a certified payroll” and made technical changes.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-157b. (Formerly Sec. 53a-157). - False statement: Class A misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of false statement when such person (1) intentionally makes a false written statement that such person does not believe to be true with the intent to mislead a public servant in the performance of such public servant's official function, and (2) makes such statement under oath or pursuant to a form bearing notice, authorized by law, to the effect that false statements made therein are punishable.
(b) False statement is a class A misdemeanor.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 159; P.A. 93-392, S. 6; P.A. 13-144, S. 2.)
History: P.A. 93-392 amended Subsecs. (a) and (b) to classify the intentional making of a false written statement other than on a certified payroll as false statement “in the second degree”; Sec. 53a-157 transferred to Sec. 53a-157b in 1995; P.A. 13-144 changed “false statement in the second degree” to “false statement” and made technical changes.
Annotations to former section 53a-157:
Cited. 186 C. 265; 200 C. 310; Id., 743; 221 C. 93; 227 C. 1; 238 C. 588.
Cited. 6 CA 143; 9 CA 686; 28 CA 733; 34 CA 694; 35 CA 714; 36 CA 556.
Cited. 38 CS 340; Id., 695; 40 CS 145.
Annotations to present section:
Cited. 233 C. 527; 235 C. 679.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-158. - Bribery of a labor official: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of bribery of a labor official if he offers, confers or agrees to confer upon a labor official any benefit with intent to influence him in respect to any of his acts, decisions or duties as such labor official.
(b) Bribery of a labor official is a class D felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 160.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-159. - Bribe receiving by a labor official: Class D felony.

(a) A labor official is guilty of bribe receiving by a labor official if he solicits, accepts or agrees to accept any benefit from another person upon an agreement or understanding that such benefit will influence him in respect to any of his acts, decisions or duties as such labor official.
(b) Bribe receiving by a labor official is a class D felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 161.)
Cited. 229 C. 479.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-160. - Commercial bribery: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of commercial bribery when he confers, or agrees to confer, any benefit upon any employee, agent or fiduciary without the consent of the latter's employer or principal, with intent to influence his conduct in relation to his employer's or principal's affairs.
(b) Commercial bribery is a class D felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 162; P.A. 03-259, S. 44.)
History: P.A. 03-259 amended Subsec. (b) to change commercial bribery from a class A misdemeanor to a class D felony.
Cited. 14 CA 236.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-161. - Receiving a commercial bribe: Class D felony.

(a) An employee, agent or fiduciary is guilty of receiving a commercial bribe when, without consent of his employer or principal, he solicits, accepts or agrees to accept any benefit from another person upon an agreement or understanding that such benefit will influence his conduct in relation to his employer's or principal's affairs.
(b) Receiving a commercial bribe is a class D felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 163; P.A. 03-259, S. 45.)
History: P.A. 03-259 amended Subsec. (b) to change receiving a commercial bribe from a class A misdemeanor to a class D felony.
Cited. 229 C. 479.
Cited. 20 CA 386.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-161a. - Bid rigging: Class D felony.

No person, firm, corporation, association or partnership who bids, or intends to bid, for any contract to be awarded by any commission, agency or department of the state or any political subdivision of the state shall induce or attempt to induce any other person, firm, corporation, association or partnership to submit or not to submit a bid or proposal for the purpose of restricting competition. Any person who violates the provisions of this section shall be guilty of a class D felony.
(P.A. 80-454, S. 1.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-161b. - Disclosure of bid or proposal: Class A misdemeanor.

Unless otherwise required by law, the prices quoted in a bid or proposal for any contract to be awarded by any commission, agency or department of the state or any political subdivision of the state shall not be disclosed by the bidder or offeror prior to the opening, in the case of a bid, or prior to the award, in the case of a proposal, directly or indirectly to any other bidder or offeror or to any competitor. Any person who violates the provisions of this section shall be guilty of a class A misdemeanor.
(P.A. 80-454, S. 2.)
Cited. 14 CA 322.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-161c. - Receiving kickbacks: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of receiving kickbacks when he: (1) By force, intimidation or threat of procuring dismissal from employment induces any person who is employed in the construction, completion or repair of any public building, public work, or building or work financed in whole or in part by loans or grants from the state, or who has a contract with the state, to give up any part of the compensation to which he is entitled; (2) knowingly solicits, accepts or agrees to accept any benefit, in cash or in kind, from another person upon an agreement or understanding that such benefit will influence such person's conduct in relation to referring an individual or arranging for the referral of an individual for the furnishing of any goods, facilities or services to such other person under contract to provide goods, facilities or services to a local, state or federal agency; or (3) by force, intimidation or threat, such person induces another person who has a contract with the state to give up any part of the compensation to which such other person is entitled. For the purposes of this section and section 53a-161d, “refer” means to send, direct or recommend and “referral” means the act of sending, directing or recommending. For purposes of this subsection, “benefit” shall not include forms of remuneration listed in 42 CFR Section 1001.952.
(b) Receiving kickbacks is a class D felony.
(P.A. 80-290; P.A. 96-169, S. 11.)
History: P.A. 96-169 substituted “when he: (1) By” for “whenever he by”, added Subdivs. (2) and (3) and added definitions of “refer”, “referral” and “benefit”.
Cited. 229 C. 479.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-161d. - Paying a kickback: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of paying a kickback when he knowingly offers or pays any benefit, in cash or kind, to any person with intent to influence such person: (1) To refer an individual, or to arrange for the referral of an individual, for the furnishing of any goods, facilities or services for which a claim for benefits or reimbursement has been filed with a local, state or federal agency; or (2) to purchase, lease, order or arrange for or recommend the purchasing, leasing or ordering of any goods, facilities or services for which a claim of benefits or reimbursement has been filed with a local, state or federal agency.
(b) Paying a kickback is a class D felony.
(P.A. 96-169, S. 12; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1, S. 38, 121.)
History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1 made a technical change in Subsec. (a), effective June 24, 1998.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-162. - Rigging: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of rigging if, with intent to prevent a publicly exhibited sporting or other contest from being conducted in accordance with the rules and usages purporting to govern it, he: (1) Confers or offers or agrees to confer any benefit upon, or threatens any injury to, a participant, official or other person associated with the contest or exhibition; or (2) tampers with any person, animal or thing.
(b) Rigging is a class D felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 164.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-163. - Soliciting or accepting benefit for rigging: Class A misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of soliciting or accepting benefit for rigging if he knowingly solicits, accepts or agrees to accept any benefit the giving of which would be criminal under section 53a-162.
(b) Soliciting or accepting benefit for rigging is a class A misdemeanor.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 165.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-164. - Participation in a rigged contest: Class A misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of participation in a rigged contest if he knowingly engages in, sponsors, produces, judges or otherwise participates in a publicly exhibited sporting or other contest knowing that the contest is not being conducted in compliance with the rules and usages purporting to govern it, by reason of conduct which would be criminal under section 53a-162.
(b) Participation in a rigged contest is a class A misdemeanor.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 166; 1971, P.A. 871, S. 40.)
History: 1971 act substituted “section 53a-162” for “this section” in Subsec. (a).
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-165. - Hindering prosecution defined.

As used in sections 53a-165aa, 53a-166 and 53a-167, a person “renders criminal assistance” when, with intent to prevent, hinder or delay the discovery or apprehension of, or the lodging of a criminal charge against, another person whom such person knows or believes has committed a felony or is being sought by law enforcement officials for the commission of a felony, or with intent to assist another person in profiting or benefiting from the commission of a felony, such person: (1) Harbors or conceals such other person; or (2) warns such other person of impending discovery or apprehension; or (3) provides such other person with money, transportation, weapon, disguise or other means of avoiding discovery or apprehension; or (4) prevents or obstructs, by means of force, intimidation or deception, any person from performing an act which might aid in the discovery or apprehension of such other person or in the lodging of a criminal charge against such other person; or (5) suppresses, by an act of concealment, alteration or destruction, any physical evidence which might aid in the discovery or apprehension of such other person or in the lodging of a criminal charge against such other person; or (6) aids such other person to protect or expeditiously profit from an advantage derived from such crime.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 167; P.A. 02-97, S. 6.)
History: P.A. 02-97 made definition applicable to Sec. 53a-165aa and made technical changes, including changes for purposes of gender neutrality.
Cited. 205 C. 17; 223 C. 595.
Cited. 7 CA 470.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-165aa. - Hindering prosecution in the first degree: Class C felony.

(a) A person is guilty of hindering prosecution in the first degree when such person renders criminal assistance to another person who has committed a class A or B felony or an unclassified felony for which the maximum penalty is imprisonment for more than ten years and such other person committed such felony with intent to intimidate or coerce the civilian population or a unit of government.
(b) Hindering prosecution in the first degree is a class C felony and any person found guilty under this section shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of which five years of the sentence imposed may not be suspended or reduced by the court.
(P.A. 02-97, S. 3.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-166. - Hindering prosecution in the second degree: Class C felony.

(a) A person is guilty of hindering prosecution in the second degree when such person renders criminal assistance to another person who has committed a class A or class B felony or an unclassified felony for which the maximum penalty is imprisonment for more than ten years.
(b) Hindering prosecution in the second degree is a class C felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 168; P.A. 78-37, S. 1; P.A. 02-97, S. 4; P.A. 03-259, S. 49.)
History: P.A. 78-37 classified rendering assistance to person who committed an unclassified offense punishable by maximum imprisonment of more than 10 years as hindering prosecution in the first degree; P.A. 02-97 changed the name of the offense from “hindering prosecution in the first degree” to “hindering prosecution in the second degree” and made technical changes, including a change for purposes of gender neutrality; P.A. 03-259 amended Subsec. (b) to change hindering prosecution in the second degree from a class D felony to a class C felony.
Cited. 200 C. 310; 223 C. 595.
Cited. 7 CA 470; 22 CA 601; 28 CA 721.
Cited. 38 CS 521.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-167. - Hindering prosecution in the third degree: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of hindering prosecution in the third degree when such person renders criminal assistance to another person who has committed a class C, D or E felony or an unclassified felony for which the maximum penalty is imprisonment for ten years or less but more than one year.
(b) Hindering prosecution in the third degree is a class D felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 169; P.A. 78-37, S. 2; P.A. 02-97, S. 5; P.A. 03-259, S. 50; P.A. 13-258, S. 7.)
History: P.A. 78-37 classified assisting person who committed an unclassified offense punishable by maximum imprisonment of 1 to 10 years as hindering prosecution in the second degree; P.A. 02-97 changed the name of the offense from “hindering prosecution in the second degree” to “hindering prosecution in the third degree” and made technical changes, including a change for purposes of gender neutrality; P.A. 03-259 amended Subsec. (b) to change hindering prosecution in the third degree from a class A misdemeanor to a class D felony; P.A. 13-258 amended Subsec. (a) to add reference to a class E felony.
Cited. 205 C. 17.
Cited. 1 CA 540; 30 CA 712.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-167b. - Failure to assist peace officer or firefighter: Class A misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of failure to assist a peace officer or firefighter when, commanded by a peace officer or firefighter authorized to command assistance, such person refuses to assist such peace officer or firefighter in the execution of such peace officer's or firefighter's duties.
(b) Failure to assist a peace officer or firefighter is a class A misdemeanor.
(1971, P.A. 871, S. 51; P.A. 01-84, S. 12, 26; P.A. 05-180, S. 5; P.A. 08-150, S. 53; P.A. 10-36, S. 23; 10-110, S. 52; P.A. 19-108, S. 7; P.A. 22-117, S. 13.)
History: P.A. 01-84 replaced “fireman” with “firefighter” and made other technical changes for purposes of gender neutrality, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 05-180 changed the name of the offense from “failure to assist a peace officer or firefighter” to “failure to assist a peace officer, special policeman or firefighter” and included a special policeman appointed under Sec. 29-18b within purview of section; P.A. 08-150 included Department of Motor Vehicles inspector appointed under Sec. 14-8 and certified pursuant to Sec. 7-294d within purview of section and changed name of offense from “failure to assist a peace officer, special policeman or firefighter” to “failure to assist a peace officer, special policeman, motor vehicle inspector or firefighter”; P.A. 10-36 amended Subsec. (a) to replace “Department of Motor Vehicles inspector appointed” with “motor vehicle inspector designated”, add “motor vehicle inspector's” re execution of duties and make technical changes, effective July 1, 2010; P.A. 10-110 made a technical change in Subsec. (a); P.A. 19-108 deleted references to motor vehicle inspector; P.A. 22-117 deleted references to special policeman appointed under Sec. 29-18b, effective May 27, 2022.
Cited. 216 C. 820. Section not facially unconstitutional under fourth or fourteenth amendments. 217 C. 73. Cited. 218 C. 483.
Cited. 22 CA 683; 31 CA 443.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-167d. - Assault of a prosecutor: Class C felony.

(a) A person is guilty of assault of a prosecutor when such person, with intent to intimidate or harass, or to retaliate against, another person on account of the performance by such other person of such other person's duties as a prosecutor employed by the Division of Criminal Justice, causes physical injury to such other person.
(b) Assault of a prosecutor is a class C felony.
(P.A. 01-25.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-167e. - Aggravated assault of a public transit employee: Class C felony.

(a) A person is guilty of aggravated assault of a public transit employee when such person (1) commits assault of a person who is a public transit employee, as provided in section 53a-167c, and (2) in the commission of such offense, uses or is armed with and threatens the use of, or displays or represents by such person's words or conduct, that such person possesses a knife or box-cutter, or a pistol, revolver, shotgun, rifle, machine gun or other firearm.
(b) Aggravated assault of a public transit employee is a class C felony, except that such person shall be fined not more than twenty thousand dollars.
(P.A. 18-167, S. 11.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-167f. - Abuse of an oath document: Class D Felony.

(a) A person is guilty of abuse of an oath document, executed subsequent to an oath taken by a judicial officer pursuant to section 1-25, when he or she disseminates said oath document to a person by telegraph or mail, by electronically transmitting a facsimile through connection with a telephone network, by computer network, as defined in section 53a-250, or by any other form of written communication, with the intent to defraud, deceive, intimidate, injure or harass a judicial officer.
(b) Abuse of an oath document is a class D felony.
(P.A. 21-104, S. 55.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-168. - Escape: Definitions.

For purposes of sections 53a-169 to 53a-171, inclusive:
(1) “Correctional institution” means the facilities defined in section 1-1 and any other correctional facility established by the Commissioner of Correction.
(2) “Custody” means restraint by a public servant pursuant to an arrest or court order other than a Probate Court order directed against a person who is not in the custody of the Commissioner of Correction when such order is issued.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 170; 1971, P.A. 871, S. 41; P.A. 80-216, S. 1.)
History: 1971 act replaced reference to Sec. 53a-170 with reference to Sec. 53a-171; P.A. 80-216 clarified meaning of custody as it applies to probate court orders.
Cited. 240 C. 97.
Cited. 37 CA 276.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-170. - Escape in the second degree: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of escape in the second degree if he escapes from any correctional institution while employed at work outside such correctional institution.
(b) Escape in the second degree is a class D felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 173; P.A. 73-639, S. 14; P.A. 92-260, S. 63.)
History: P.A. 73-639 substituted “escape in the second degree” for “escape while at work”; P.A. 92-260 made technical changes in Subsec. (a) by repositioning and rephrasing language.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-171. - Escape from custody: Class C felony or class A misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of escape from custody if such person (1) escapes from custody, or (2) has been adjudicated as delinquent, and escapes from or fails to return from an authorized leave to a state or private facility or institution in which such person has been placed by the court.
(b) If a person has been arrested for, charged with or convicted of a felony, escape from such custody is a class C felony, otherwise, escape from custody is a class A misdemeanor.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 172; 1971, P.A. 16; P.A. 00-209, S. 2; P.A. 18-31, S. 42.)
History: 1971 act changed escape from custody after arrest or charge for, or conviction of, a felony from a Class D to a Class C felony; P.A. 00-209 added Subsec. (a)(2) re person who has been convicted as delinquent and fails to return from an authorized leave or escapes from a facility or institution in which such person was assigned or placed and made technical changes; P.A. 18-31 amended Subsec. (a)(2) by replacing “convicted” with “adjudicated”, deleting provision re commitment to Department of Children and Families, deleting Subpara. (A) re failure to return from leave authorized under Sec. 17a-8a, deleting Subpara. (B) designator, adding provision re failure to return from authorized leave and replacing provision re person assigned or placed by Commissioner of Children and Families with provision re person placed by the court, effective July 1, 2018.
Cited. 173 C. 35; 188 C. 406; 196 C. 309; 197 C. 588; 207 C. 270; 211 C. 398; 220 C. 270.
Cited. 3 CA 684; 12 CA 604; 23 CA 160; Id., 615; 24 CA 287; 36 CA 691; 37 CA 276; Id., 733. Knowledge of being charged with a felony, rather than a misdemeanor, is not an essential element. 114 CA 155.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-171a. - Aiding escape from hospital or sanatorium: Class A misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of aiding escape from a hospital or sanatorium when he aids the escape from a hospital or sanatorium of any person committed thereto as mentally ill or as drug dependent.
(b) Aiding escape from a hospital or sanatorium is a class A misdemeanor.
(1971, P.A. 871, S. 42; P.A. 76-336, S. 11.)
History: P.A. 76-336 reworded Subsec. (a) for clarity and grammatical sense inserting “when he aids the escape from a hospital or sanatorium”.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-172. - Failure to appear in the first degree: Class D felony.

(a) A person is guilty of failure to appear in the first degree when (1) while charged with the commission of a felony and while out on bail or released under other procedure of law, such person wilfully fails to appear when legally called according to the terms of such person's bail bond or promise to appear, or (2) while on probation for conviction of a felony, such person wilfully fails to appear when legally called for any court hearing relating to a violation of such probation.
(b) Failure to appear in the first degree is a class D felony.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 174; P.A. 92-260, S. 64; P.A. 98-26, S. 1; P.A. 10-180, S. 1.)
History: P.A. 92-260 made technical changes in Subsec. (a) by repositioning and rephrasing language; P.A. 98-26 added Subsec. (a)(2) re failure to appear for a violation of probation hearing; P.A. 10-180 amended Subsec. (a) to replace in Subdiv. (2) “a violation of probation hearing” with “any court hearing relating to a violation of such probation” and make technical changes.
Cited. 176 C. 421; 221 C. 407; 222 C. 556; 223 C. 283; 227 C. 829; 229 C. 285; Id., 529; 236 C. 112; 242 C. 296.
Cited. 4 CA 154; 6 CA 402; 12 CA 621; 13 CA 413; 17 CA 556; 20 CA 205; 24 CA 316; 25 CA 575; 27 CA 279; 29 CA 801; judgment reversed, see 229 C. 285; 30 CA 9; Id., 190; 34 CA 191; 36 CA 691; 37 CA 437; 39 CA 816; 41 CA 47; 43 CA 142; Id., 552. In order to prove the wilful element, state must prove beyond a reasonable doubt either that defendant received and deliberately ignored a notice to appear or that he intentionally embarked on a course of conduct designed to prevent him from receiving such notice. 108 CA 772.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-173. - Failure to appear in the second degree: Class A misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of failure to appear in the second degree when (1) while charged with the commission of a misdemeanor or a motor vehicle violation for which a sentence to a term of imprisonment may be imposed and while out on bail or released under other procedure of law, such person wilfully fails to appear when legally called according to the terms of such person's bail bond or promise to appear, or (2) while on probation for conviction of a misdemeanor or motor vehicle violation, such person wilfully fails to appear when legally called for any court hearing relating to a violation of such probation.
(b) Failure to appear in the second degree is a class A misdemeanor.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 175; P.A. 87-343, S. 2, 4; P.A. 92-260, S. 65; P.A. 98-26, S. 2; P.A. 10-180, S. 2.)
History: P.A. 87-343 included persons charged with a motor vehicle violation for which a sentence to a term of imprisonment may be imposed; P.A. 92-260 made technical changes in Subsec. (a) by repositioning and rephrasing language; P.A. 98-26 added Subsec. (a)(2) re failure to appear for a violation of probation hearing; P.A. 10-180 amended Subsec. (a) to replace in Subdiv. (2) “a violation of probation hearing” with “any court hearing relating to a violation of such probation” and make technical changes.
See Sec. 54-2e re issuance of rearrest warrant or capias for failure to appear.
Cited. 227 C. 829; 234 C. 301.
Cited. 6 CA 247; 8 CA 542; 11 CA 644; 13 CA 638; 17 CA 226; 20 CA 811; 38 CA 85; 43 CA 142; 45 CA 722. Pursuant to section, to support a conviction for failure to appear, state must prove beyond a reasonable doubt either that defendant received and deliberately ignored a notice to appear or that he intentionally embarked on a course of conduct designed to prevent him from receiving such notice. 61 CA 118.
Cited. 35 CS 587.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-174. - Unauthorized conveyance of items into correctional or humane institution or to inmate: Class D felony. Unauthorized conveyance of letter into or from, or use of false name to enter, correctional institution: Class A misdemeanor.

(a) Any person not authorized by law who conveys or passes, or causes to be conveyed or passed, into any correctional or humane institution or the grounds or buildings thereof, or to any inmate of such an institution who is outside the premises thereof and known to the person so conveying or passing or causing such conveying or passing to be such an inmate, any controlled drug, as defined in section 21a-240, any intoxicating liquors, any firearm, weapon, dangerous instrument or explosive of any kind, any United States currency, or any rope, ladder or other instrument or device for use in making, attempting or aiding an escape, shall be guilty of a class D felony. The unauthorized conveying, passing or possession of any rope or ladder or other instrument or device, adapted for use in making or aiding an escape, into any such institution or the grounds or buildings thereof, shall be presumptive evidence that it was so conveyed, passed or possessed for such use.
(b) Any person not authorized by law who conveys into any such institution any letter or other missive which is intended for any person confined therein, or who conveys from within the enclosure to the outside of such institution any letter or other missive written or given by any person confined therein, shall be guilty of a class A misdemeanor.
(c) Any person or visitor who enters or attempts to enter a correctional institution or facility by using a misleading or false name or title shall be guilty of a class A misdemeanor.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 176; 1971, P.A. 871, S. 43; 1972, P.A. 12; P.A. 73-639, S. 16.)
History: 1971 act applied provisions to humane institutions and replaced reference to “narcotic or hypnotic” drugs with reference to “controlled” drugs in Subsec. (a) and added Subsec. (c) re use of false or misleading name in entrance in or attempt to enter a correctional facility; 1972 act specified conveyance of U.S. currency into correctional or humane institution or to one of its inmates as Class D felony; P.A. 73-639 prohibited conveyance of any “dangerous instrument”.
Cited. 42 CA 264.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-174a. - Possession of weapon or dangerous instrument in correctional institution: Class B felony.

(a) A person is guilty of possession of a weapon or dangerous instrument in a correctional institution when, being an inmate of such institution, he knowingly makes, conveys from place to place or has in his possession or under his control any firearm, weapon, dangerous instrument, explosive, or any other substance or thing designed to kill, injure or disable.
(b) Possession of a weapon or dangerous instrument in a correctional institution is a class B felony.
(1971, P.A. 871, S. 55; P.A. 73-639, S. 17.)
History: P.A. 73-639 applied provisions with respect to possession of dangerous instruments.
Cited. 169 C. 428; 195 C. 1; 227 C. 711; Id., 751; 230 C. 591; 235 C. 748, 749; 240 C. 97.
Cited. 32 CA 448; 36 CA 41; 39 CA 789; 44 CA 499.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-174b. - Conveyance or use of electronic wireless communication device in correctional institution: Class A misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of conveyance or use of an electronic wireless communication device in a correctional institution when such person, without authorization by the Commissioner of Correction or the commissioner's designee, (1) conveys or possesses with intent to convey an electronic wireless communication device to any inmate of a correctional institution while such inmate is in such institution, or (2) uses an electronic wireless communication device to take a photographic or digital image in a correctional institution.
(b) Conveyance or use of an electronic wireless communication device in a correctional institution is a class A misdemeanor.
(P.A. 05-87, S. 1; P.A. 10-36, S. 25.)
History: P.A. 10-36 restructured provisions by designating existing provisions re elements of offense as Subsec. (a) and penalty for offense as Subsec. (b), naming offense “conveyance or use of an electronic wireless communication device in a correctional institution” in Subsecs. (a) and (b) and making conforming changes, effective July 1, 2010.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-175. - Riot in the first degree: Class A misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of riot in the first degree when simultaneously with six or more other persons he engages in tumultuous and violent conduct and thereby intentionally or recklessly causes or creates a grave risk of causing public alarm, and in the course of and as a result of such conduct, a person other than one of the participants suffers physical injury or substantial property damage occurs.
(b) Riot in the first degree is a class A misdemeanor.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 177.)
Cited. 32 CA 224.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-176. - Riot in the second degree: Class B misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of riot in the second degree when, simultaneously with two or more other persons, he engages in tumultuous and violent conduct and thereby intentionally or recklessly causes or creates a grave risk of causing public alarm.
(b) Riot in the second degree is a class B misdemeanor.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 178.)
Cited. 32 CA 224.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53a - Penal Code › Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses › Section 53a-177. - Unlawful assembly: Class B misdemeanor.

(a) A person is guilty of unlawful assembly when he assembles with two or more other persons for the purpose of engaging in conduct constituting the crime of riot, or when, being present at an assembly which either has or develops such a purpose, he remains there with intent to advance that purpose.
(b) Unlawful assembly is a class B misdemeanor.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 179.)
Cited. 32 CA 224.