reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 948 - Frauds and False Pretenses › Section 53-378. - Wearing of armed forces uniform. False representation of award of armed forces decoration, medal, badge, ribbon, button or rosette.

(a) Any person, other than an officer or enlisted man or woman of the armed forces, as defined in section 27-103, or any reserve component thereof, or of the state, as defined in section 27-2, or a member of a school or college military or naval organization, organized, uniformed and drilling as such, or a resident of any veterans' or soldiers' home, or a police officer, who, at any time, wears the uniform, or any part of the uniform, of any of said armed forces, reserve components or organizations, within the state, shall be fined not less than five hundred dollars or more than one thousand dollars or imprisoned not more than six months, or both, provided nothing in this section shall be construed as prohibiting any person having been honorably discharged from any of said armed forces, reserve components or organizations from wearing the person's uniform in accordance with the laws of the United States or the state and the regulations governing any of said armed forces, reserve components or organizations, or any person taking part in any play, opera, theater or other entertainment from wearing such uniform while actually engaged in such entertainment.
(b) Any person who, with the intent to obtain money, property or other tangible benefit, falsely represents himself or herself, orally or in writing, to have been awarded any decoration or medal authorized by the United States Congress for the armed forces, as defined in section 27-103, or any of the service medals or badges awarded to the members of such armed forces, or the ribbon, button or rosette of any such decoration, medal or badge, or any colorable imitation thereof, shall be fined not less than five hundred dollars or more than one thousand dollars or imprisoned not more than six months, or both.
(1949 Rev., S. 8719; 1951, S, 3318d; 1957, P.A. 163, S. 46; P.A. 07-128, S. 1; P.A. 14-56, S. 1.)
History: P.A. 07-128 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (a) and amended same to increase penalty range from $100 to $500 to $500 to $1,000, substitute “armed forces, reserve components or organizations” for “units or services” and make technical changes, and added Subsec. (b) re false oral or written representation of being awarded any decoration, medal, badge, ribbon, button or rosette of the armed forces; P.A. 14-56 amended Subsec. (b) to add “, with the intent to obtain money, property or other tangible benefit,” re false representation.
See Sec. 53a-130a re impersonation of police officer.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 948 - Frauds and False Pretenses › Section 53-378a. - Solicitation of contributions for veterans' charitable organization with intent to defraud.

(a) No person, firm or corporation that holds itself out as a representative of a veterans' charitable organization shall, with intent to defraud, solicit a contribution for such veterans' charitable organization that inures or is intended to inure to the benefit of any person, firm or corporation other than such veterans' charitable organization. For the purposes of this section, “veterans' charitable organization” means any person, firm or corporation that is or purports to be established for any benevolent, educational, philanthropic, humane, scientific, patriotic, social welfare or advocacy purpose relating to or on behalf of veterans, and “veteran” has the same meaning as provided in subsection (a) of section 27-103.
(b) Any person, firm or corporation that violates any provision of subsection (a) of this section shall be guilty of a class C misdemeanor.
(P.A. 12-195, S. 2.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 948 - Frauds and False Pretenses › Section 53-379b. - Judgment liens in residential mortgage fraud. Restitution.

(a) All real and personal property of every kind used or intended for use in the course of, derived from or realized through an act of residential mortgage fraud may be subject to a judgment lien in favor of the state to secure any fine levied against a person convicted of mortgage fraud. Such judgment lien shall comply with the provisions of section 52-380a or 52-355a and shall be subordinate to any security interest in the property recorded prior to the date on which such lien is recorded.
(b) In addition to the penalty prescribed under section 53-379a, courts may order restitution to any person that has suffered a financial loss due to any act or acts constituting residential mortgage fraud.
(c) In the absence of fraud, bad faith or malice, a person shall not be subject to an action for civil liability for filing reports or furnishing other information regarding suspected residential mortgage fraud under section 53-379a to a regulatory or law enforcement agency.
(P.A. 09-207, S. 2.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949 - Crimes Involving Credit Cards, Scanning Devices or Reencoders › Section 53-380 to 53-388. - Credit card crimes.

Sections 53-380 to 53-388, inclusive, are repealed.
(1969, P.A. 750, S. 1–9; 1971, P.A. 871, S. 129.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949 - Crimes Involving Credit Cards, Scanning Devices or Reencoders › Section 53-388a. - Unlawful use or possession of scanning device or reencoder. Civil action by Attorney General. Penalties.

(a) As used in this section:
(1) “Scanning device” means a scanner, reader or any other electronic device that is used to access, read, scan, obtain, memorize or temporarily or permanently store information encoded on a computer chip or a magnetic strip or stripe of a payment card.
(2) “Reencoder” means an electronic device that places encoded information from a computer chip or a magnetic strip or stripe of a payment card onto a computer chip or a magnetic strip or stripe of a different payment card or any electronic medium that allows an authorized transaction to occur.
(3) “Payment card” means a credit card, charge card, debit card or any other card that is issued to an authorized card user and that allows the user to obtain, purchase or receive goods, services, money or anything else of value from a merchant.
(4) “Merchant” means a person who receives, from an authorized user of a payment card or from someone the person reasonably believes to be such an authorized user, a payment card or information from a payment card or what the person reasonably believes to be a payment card or information from a payment card, as an instrument for obtaining, purchasing or receiving goods, services, money or anything else of value from the person.
(b) No person shall use a scanning device to access, read, obtain, memorize or temporarily or permanently store information encoded on a computer chip or a magnetic strip or stripe of a payment card without the permission of the authorized user of the payment card and with the intent to defraud the authorized user, the issuer of the authorized user's payment card or a merchant.
(c) No person shall use a reencoder to place information encoded on a computer chip or a magnetic strip or stripe of a payment card onto a computer chip or a magnetic strip or stripe of a different card without the permission of the authorized user of the card from which the information is being reencoded and with the intent to defraud the authorized user, the issuer of the authorized user's payment card or a merchant.
(d) The Attorney General may institute a civil proceeding in Superior Court against any person who violates subsection (b) or (c) of this section.
(e) Any person who violates the provisions of subsection (b) or (c) of this section shall be fined not more than ten thousand dollars and imprisoned not less than one year or more than ten years, or both.
(f) No person shall possess a scanning device or reencoder under circumstances manifesting an intent to use the same in the commission of a violation of subsection (b) or (c) of this section.
(g) Any person who violates subsection (f) of this section shall be guilty of a class A misdemeanor.
(P.A. 06-60, S. 1.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949a - Extortionate Credit Transactions › Section 53-389. - Definitions.

(a) As used in this chapter:
(1) “To extend credit” means to make or renew any loans, or to enter into any agreement, tacit or express, whereby the repayment or satisfaction of any debt or claim, whether acknowledged or disputed, valid or invalid, and however arising, may or will be deferred;
(2) “Creditor”, with reference to any given extension of credit, refers to any person making such extension of credit, or to any person claiming by, under or through such person;
(3) “Debtor”, with reference to any given extension of credit, refers to any person to whom such extension of credit is made, or to any person who guarantees the repayment of that extension of credit, or in any manner undertakes to indemnify the creditor against loss resulting from the failure of any person to whom that extension of credit is made to repay the same;
(4) “Repayment” of any extension of credit includes the repayment, satisfaction or discharge, in whole or in part, of any debt or claim, acknowledged or disputed, valid or invalid, resulting from or in connection with such extension of credit;
(5) “To collect an extension of credit” means to induce in any way any person to make repayment thereof;
(6) An “extortionate extension of credit” is any extension of credit with respect to which it is the understanding of the creditor and the debtor, at the time such extension of credit is made, that delay in making repayment or failure to make repayment could result in the use of violence or other criminal means to cause harm to the person, reputation or property of any person;
(7) An “extortionate means” is any means which involves the use, or an express or implicit threat of use, of violence or other criminal means to cause harm to the person, reputation or property of any person.
(b) State law, including conflict of laws rules, governing the enforceability through civil judicial processes of repayment of any extension of credit or the performance of any promise given in consideration thereof, shall be judicially noticed. This subsection shall not impair any authority which any court would otherwise have to take judicial notice of any matter of state law.
(1971, P.A. 239, S. 1; May 25 Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-1, S. 97, 130.)
History: May 25 Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-1 made technical change, effective July 1, 1994.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949a - Extortionate Credit Transactions › Section 53-390. - Extortionate extension of credit. Conspiracy.

(a) Any person who makes any extortionate extension of credit, or conspires to do so, shall be guilty of a class B felony.
(b) In any prosecution under this section, if it is shown that all of the following factors were present in connection with the extension of credit in question, there is prima facie evidence that the extension of credit was extortionate; but this subsection is nonexclusive and in no way limits the effect or applicability of subsection (a): (1) The repayment of the extension of credit, or the performance of any promise given in consideration thereof, would be unenforceable, through civil judicial processes against the debtor (A) in the jurisdiction within which the debtor, if a natural person, resided or (B) in every jurisdiction within which the debtor, if other than a natural person, was incorporated or qualified to do business at the time the extension of credit was made; (2) the extension of credit was made at a rate of interest in excess of the rate permitted under title 37 calculated according to the actuarial method of allocating payments made on a debt between principal and interest, pursuant to which a payment is applied first to the accumulated interest and the balance is applied to the unpaid principal; (3) at the time the extension of credit was made, the debtor reasonably believed that either (A) one or more extensions of credit by the creditor had been collected or attempted to be collected by extortionate means, or the nonrepayment thereof had been punished by extortionate means; or (B) the creditor had a reputation for the use of extortionate means to collect extensions of credit or to punish the nonrepayment thereof; (4) upon the making of the extension of credit, the total of the extensions of credit by the creditor to the debtor then outstanding, including any unpaid interest or similar charges, exceeded ten dollars.
(c) In any prosecution under this section, if evidence has been introduced tending to show the existence of any of the circumstances described in subdivision (1) or (2) of subsection (b), and direct evidence of the actual belief of the debtor as to the creditor's collection practices is not available, then, for the purpose of showing the understanding of the debtor and the creditor at the time the extension of credit was made, the court may, in its discretion, allow evidence to be introduced tending to show the reputation as to collection practices of the creditor in any community of which the debtor was a member at the time of the extension.
(1971, P.A. 239, S. 2.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949a - Extortionate Credit Transactions › Section 53-391. - Advances of money or property to be used in extortionate extension of credit.

Any person who wilfully advances money or property, whether as a gift, as a loan, as an investment, pursuant to a partnership or profit sharing agreement, or otherwise, to any person, with reasonable grounds to believe that it is the intention of such person to use the money or property so advanced directly or indirectly for the purpose of making extortionate extensions of credit, shall be guilty of a class B felony and fined not more than ten thousand dollars or an amount not exceeding twice the value of the money or property so advanced, whichever is greater, or shall be imprisoned not more than twenty years, or both.
(1971, P.A. 239, S. 3.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949a - Extortionate Credit Transactions › Section 53-392. - Participation or conspiracy in use of extortionate means. Evidence.

(a) Any person who knowingly participates in any way, or conspires to do so, in the use of any extortionate means (1) to collect or attempt to collect any extension of credit, or (2) to punish any person for the nonrepayment thereof, shall be guilty of a class B felony.
(b) In any prosecution under this section, for the purpose of showing an implicit threat as a means of collection, evidence may be introduced tending to show that one or more extensions of credit by the creditor were, to the knowledge of the person against whom the implicit threat was alleged to have been made, collected or attempted to be collected by extortionate means or that the nonrepayment thereof was punished by extortionate means.
(c) In any prosecution under this section, if evidence has been introduced tending to show the existence, at the time the extension of credit was made, of the circumstances described in subdivision (b)(1) or (b)(2) of section 53-390, and direct evidence of the actual belief of the debtor as to the creditor's collection practices is not available, then, for the purpose of showing that words or other means of communication, shown to have been employed as a means of collection, in fact carried an express or implicit threat, the court may in its discretion allow evidence to be introduced tending to show the reputation of the defendant in any community of which the person against whom the alleged threat was made was a member at the time of the collection or attempt at collection.
(1971, P.A. 239, S. 4.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949b - Academic Crimes › Section 53-392a. - Definitions.

As used in this chapter: “Person” means any individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company or association; “assignment” means any specific written, recorded, pictorial, artistic or other academic task that is intended for submission to any university, college, academy, school or other educational institution which is chartered, incorporated, licensed, registered or supervised by this state, in fulfillment of the requirements of a degree, diploma, certificate or course of study at any such educational institution; and “prepare” means to create, write or in any way produce in whole or substantial part a term paper, thesis, dissertation, essay, report or other written, recorded, pictorial, artistic or other assignment for a fee.
(P.A. 73-581, S. 1; P.A. 95-79, S. 180, 189.)
History: P.A. 95-79 redefined “person” to include a limited liability company, effective May 31, 1995.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949b - Academic Crimes › Section 53-392b. - Preparation of assignments for students attending educational institutions prohibited.

(a) No person shall prepare, offer to prepare, cause to be prepared, sell or offer for sale any term paper, thesis, dissertation, essay, report or other written, recorded, pictorial, artistic or other assignment knowing, or under the circumstances having reason to know, that said assignment is intended for submission either in whole or substantial part under the name of a student other than the author of the term paper, thesis, dissertation, essay, report or other written, recorded, pictorial, artistic or other assignment in fulfillment of the requirements for a degree, diploma, certificate or course of study at any university, college, academy, school or other educational institution which is chartered, incorporated, licensed, registered or supervised by this state.
(b) Nothing contained in this chapter shall prevent any person from providing tutorial assistance, research material, information or other assistance to persons enrolled in a university, college, academy, school or other educational institution which is chartered, incorporated, licensed, registered or supervised by this state, which is not intended for submission directly or in substantial part as an assignment under the student's name to such educational institution in fulfillment of the requirements for a degree, diploma, certificate or course of study or to prevent any person from rendering for a fee services which include the typing, research, assembling, transcription, reproduction or editing of a manuscript or other assignment which he has not prepared at the request of or on behalf of the purchaser.
(P.A. 73-581, S. 2, 3.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949b - Academic Crimes › Section 53-392c. - Excepted actions.

Nothing contained in this chapter shall prevent any person from selling or offering for sale a publication or other written material which shall have been registered under the United States laws of copyright, provided the owner of such copyright shall have given his authorization or approval for such sale and provided such publication or other written material shall not be intended for submission as a dissertation, thesis, term paper, essay, report or other written assignment to an educational institution within the state of Connecticut in fulfillment of the requirements for a degree, diploma, certificate or course of study.
(P.A. 73-581, S. 4.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949b - Academic Crimes › Section 53-392d. - Enforcement by the Attorney General.

Whenever the Attorney General, or his deputy, has reason to believe that any person has violated any of the provisions of this chapter, he may bring an action in the superior court for the judicial district of Hartford to enjoin the continuance of such violation; and, if it appears to the satisfaction of the court that the defendant has, in fact, violated this chapter, an injunction may be issued enjoining and restraining any further violation, without requiring proof that any person has, in fact, been injured or damaged thereby. In connection with any such proposed application, the Attorney General may conduct an investigation, subpoena witnesses and documents deemed by him necessary to the conduct of such investigation and, in the event of noncompliance with any such subpoena, may apply to the superior court for the judicial district of Hartford, which may issue an order requiring such compliance.
(P.A. 73-581, S. 6; P.A. 76-436, S. 278, 681; P.A. 80-483, S. 172, 186; P.A. 88-230, S. 1, 12; P.A. 90-98, S. 1, 2; P.A. 93-142, S. 4, 7, 8; P.A. 95-220, S. 4–6.)
History: P.A. 76-436 replaced court of common pleas with superior court, reflecting transfer of all trial jurisdiction to superior court, effective July 1, 1978; P.A. 80-483 substituted “judicial district of Hartford-New Britain” for “Hartford county”; P.A. 88-230 replaced “judicial district of Hartford-New Britain” with “judicial district of Hartford”, effective September 1, 1991; P.A. 90-98 changed the effective date of P.A. 88-230 from September 1, 1991, to September 1, 1993; P.A. 93-142 changed the effective date of P.A. 88-230 from September 1, 1993, to September 1, 1996, effective June 14, 1993; P.A. 95-220 changed the effective date of P.A. 88-230 from September 1, 1996, to September 1, 1998, effective July 1, 1995.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949b - Academic Crimes › Section 53-392e. - Unlawful preparation of academic assignments: Class B misdemeanor.

Any person who violates any provision of this chapter shall be guilty of a class B misdemeanor. Any court of competent jurisdiction may grant such further relief as is necessary to enforce the provisions of this chapter, including the issuance of an injunction.
(P.A. 73-581, S. 5.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949c - Corrupt Organizations and Racketeering Activity Act › Section 53-393. - Short title: Corrupt Organizations and Racketeering Activity Act.

This chapter shall be known as the “Corrupt Organizations and Racketeering Activity Act” and may be cited as “CORA”.
(P.A. 82-343, S. 1.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949c - Corrupt Organizations and Racketeering Activity Act › Section 53-395. - Prohibited activities.

(a) It is unlawful for any person who has knowingly received any proceeds derived, directly or indirectly, from a pattern of racketeering activity or through the collection of an unlawful debt to use or invest, whether directly or indirectly, any part of such proceeds, or the proceeds derived from the investment or use thereof, in the acquisition of any title to, or any right, interest or equity in, real property or in the establishment or operation of any enterprise.
(b) It is unlawful for any person, through a pattern of racketeering activity or through the collection of an unlawful debt, to receive anything of value or to acquire or maintain, directly or indirectly, any interest in or control of any enterprise or real property.
(c) It is unlawful for any person employed by, or associated with, any enterprise to knowingly conduct or participate in, directly or indirectly, such enterprise through a pattern of racketeering activity or through the collection of an unlawful debt.
(d) Speech, conduct or association to the extent protected by article first of the Constitution of the state or the first amendment to the United States Constitution shall not be considered unlawful under this section.
(P.A. 82-343, S. 3; P.A. 94-211.)
History: P.A. 94-211 added Subsec. (d) re speech, conduct or association protected by the state or federal constitution.
Cited. 206 C. 421; 229 C. 479; 238 C. 692.
Cited. 28 CA 306; 43 CA 555.
Subsec. (b):
Subsec. requires proof of an enterprise; under Subsec., an unchartered association in fact enterprise does not require proof of an ascertainable structure separate from that inherent in the pattern of racketeering activity with which defendant is charged. 297 C. 66.
Subsec. (c):
Proof of two separate cocaine sales did not establish that defendant and his two confederates operated as a continuing unit pursuant to an overall scheme in which they depended on each other for the accomplishment of a common, mutually beneficial purpose. 156 CA 256; judgment affirmed in part, see 325 C. 272.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949c - Corrupt Organizations and Racketeering Activity Act › Section 53-396. - Charging of incidents of racketeering activity. Sentencing on separately charged offense.

(a) In any information charging a violation of this chapter, the state shall allege the existence of a pattern of racketeering activity based upon at least two incidents of racketeering activity, which shall be specified in such information. The state may, where otherwise permitted by law, individually charge in separate counts of the same information or by indictment any offense notwithstanding that such offense may also constitute an incident of racketeering activity specified in the count charging a violation of this chapter. Any information charging a violation of this chapter shall also indicate whether, and to what extent, the state alleges that any property of the defendant is subject to forfeiture under this chapter.
(b) In any prosecution under this chapter the court or the jury, as the case may be, shall indicate by special verdict the particular incidents of racketeering activity that it finds to have been proved by the state beyond a reasonable doubt.
(c) In any prosecution under this chapter, the court shall impose a separate sentence on any separately charged offense of which the defendant has been found guilty notwithstanding that the offense also constitutes an incident of racketeering activity under that portion of the information charging a violation of this chapter. Any term of imprisonment imposed on the separately charged offense shall, in the discretion of the court, run either concurrently or consecutively with respect to the sentence imposed on the count charging a violation of this chapter, as provided in section 53a-27, except, in the case in which such separately charged offense constitutes a violation of section 53-202, 53-206, 53a-211 or 53a-212, such sentences shall run consecutively.
(P.A. 82-343, S. 4; July Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-2, S. 9.)
History: July Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-2 amended Subsec. (c) to add exception requiring consecutive sentences when the separately charged offense constitutes a violation of Sec. 53-202, 53-206, 53a-211 or 53a-212.
Cited. 229 C. 479. The special verdict provision does not require that the jury's finding as to the existence of an enterprise to be based solely on the evidence concerning the predicate incidents of racketeering activity specified in the special verdict that the jury has found to constitute the pattern of racketeering; the jury and a reviewing court may consider the entire record in determining whether the state has proven the existence of an enterprise. 325 C. 272.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949c - Corrupt Organizations and Racketeering Activity Act › Section 53-398. - Court orders.

(a) At any time in any prosecution under this chapter, the Superior Court shall have jurisdiction to render and may render the following orders:
(1) An order prohibiting the defendant from transferring, depleting or otherwise alienating or diminishing any property of his which there is probable cause to believe is subject to forfeiture under this chapter;
(2) An order appointing a receiver, in accordance with chapter 920 and the rules of court relating thereto which are not inconsistent with this chapter, over such property which there is probable cause to believe is subject to forfeiture under this chapter. Such receiver shall have all powers and obligations, subject to the supervision of the court, that exist under the statutes, the common law and the rules of court relating thereto, which are not inconsistent with this chapter, and shall be compensated with funds appropriated to the Judicial Department in an amount that the court determines is reasonable;
(3) An order permitting the defendant to transfer or deplete any property of his which there is probable cause to believe is subject to forfeiture under this chapter upon the posting by such defendant of such security as is equal to the value of the property described therein, which security shall be subject to forfeiture under this chapter to the extent that the property to which it relates otherwise would have been subject to forfeiture;
(4) Any other order, consistent with due process of law, that the court deems to be reasonable and necessary to protect the rights of any innocent person or entity or to effectuate the purposes of this chapter.
(b) Nothing in this section shall be construed as affecting the right of the defendant to receive any net income or profits resulting from the use and ownership of such property belonging to him for which there is probable cause to believe is subject to forfeiture under this chapter until a final judgment of forfeiture is rendered.
(P.A. 82-343, S. 6.)
Cited. 206 C. 421; 224 C. 29; 229 C. 479.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949c - Corrupt Organizations and Racketeering Activity Act › Section 53-401. - Appeal of orders. Stay of execution. Filing of orders.

(a) Any order rendered as provided in section 53-398 or 53-400 shall be deemed a final judgment for the purpose of appeal, which, notwithstanding section 54-96, may be taken by the state or the defendant.
(b) No appeal shall be taken from such order except within seven days thereof. The effect of such order shall be automatically stayed for such seven-day period. If an appeal is taken within such seven-day period, the party taking such appeal may, within such period, file an application with the clerk of the court in which such order was issued requesting a stay of execution of such order pending such appeal, which application shall set forth the reasons for such request. A copy of such application shall be sent to the adverse party by the applicant. Upon the filing of such application, the effect of such order shall be further stayed until a decision is rendered thereon. A hearing on such application shall be held promptly. Where an appeal is taken by the defendant, such order shall be stayed if the defendant posts a bond, as provided in subsection (c) of this section.
(c) At the hearing on such application, the court shall: (1) Upon motion of a defendant who is taking the appeal, set an amount of bond with surety for the stay of such order as provided in subsection (b) of this section, which amount shall be as much as the court deems sufficient to protect the state's interest in the matter; (2) grant the stay; (3) deny the stay; or (4) condition the granting of the stay upon the giving of such bond by the defendant.
(d) The clerk of the court shall file a certified copy of any order of the court discharging or modifying a CORA lien notice on the official records wherein the CORA lien notice to which it relates is filed as soon as the time for taking an appeal from such order has elapsed or, if an appeal is taken and an application for a stay of such order is filed, as soon as a decision granting or denying such stay has been rendered. Such order shall be accompanied by a notation of the court's decision on any application for a stay relating thereto. Such filing may be accomplished by mailing a certified copy of such order to the office wherein such official records are kept, with return receipt requested. Such order of the court shall be effective upon the filing of it on such official records. No charge or fee shall be imposed for the filing of any such order in this state.
(e) No appeal taken pursuant to this section shall stay the underlying criminal prosecution under this chapter.
(P.A. 82-343, S. 9.)
Cited. 206 C. 421; 229 C. 479.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949c - Corrupt Organizations and Racketeering Activity Act › Section 53-402. - Judgment of conviction and forfeiture. Title of the state to forfeited property.

(a) Upon the entry of a final judgment of conviction and forfeiture in any criminal prosecution under this chapter from which the defendant does not appeal within the period of time permitted by law, the court shall direct the clerk to record or cause to be recorded such judgment in the official records wherein a CORA lien notice relating to such case has been filed or, in the event no such CORA lien notice has been filed, in the official records of the town clerk or other appropriate official of the town in which property that is the subject of the judgment is located or in the office of the Secretary of the State, where appropriate.
(b) If the defendant appeals the judgment of conviction and forfeiture during such period the judgment shall not be so recorded by the clerk unless and until all appellate proceedings relating to the conviction have concluded and the judgment has been affirmed. During the pendency of any such appellate proceedings the state may move for the appointment of a receiver pursuant to section 53-398 if one has not already been appointed pursuant to said section. After a judgment of conviction and forfeiture has been rendered by the court under this chapter such receiver shall hold and record any net income or profits resulting from the use and ownership of the property committed to his charge. Upon the conclusion of all appellate proceedings relating to the conviction under this chapter and an affirmance of the final judgment rendered, the clerk shall record the judgment of conviction and forfeiture in the appropriate records as provided in subsection (a) of this section and all net income or profits held by the receiver shall be deemed to be part of the property forfeited to the state by the defendant.
(c) The title of the state to the forfeited property shall, in the case of real property or a beneficial interest, relate back to the date on which a CORA lien notice covering such property or interest was filed in the appropriate official records, and if no CORA lien notice has been filed, shall vest, in the case of real property, on the date such judgment is recorded pursuant to this section, and in the case of a beneficial interest, on the date such judgment is recorded or, where appropriate, filed with the clerk of the court. In the case of personal property, the title of the state shall relate back to the date a CORA lien notice covering such property was filed in the appropriate official records, and if no CORA lien notice has been filed, shall vest on the date such judgment is filed with the clerk of the court.
(P.A. 82-343, S. 10.)
Cited. 206 C. 421; 229 C. 479.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949c - Corrupt Organizations and Racketeering Activity Act › Section 53-403. - Limitation on prosecutions. Severability.

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a criminal prosecution under this chapter may be commenced at any time within five years after the conduct in violation of a provision of this chapter terminates.
(b) The determination by any court of competent jurisdiction that any portion of this chapter or the application thereof to any person or circumstance violates any provision of the state or federal Constitutions or is otherwise invalid shall not affect the enforceability of any other provision of this chapter which may be given effect without the invalid portion or application.
(P.A. 82-343, S. 11.)
Cited. 229 C. 479.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949d - Communications Consumer Privacy Act › Section 53-421. - Definitions.

As used in this chapter, “communications company” means any person or organization which owns, controls, operates or manages any company which provides information or entertainment electronically to a household, including but not limited to a cable or community antenna television system.
(P.A. 84-304, S. 2.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949d - Communications Consumer Privacy Act › Section 53-422. - Prohibited activities. Penalty. Recovery of damages.

(a) It shall be unlawful for a communications company to:
(1) Install and use any equipment which would allow a communications company to visually observe or listen to what is occurring in the household of an individual subscriber without the knowledge or permission of the subscriber.
(2) Provide any person or public or private organization with a list containing the name of a subscriber, unless (A) the communications company gives notice thereof to the subscriber and (B) the subscriber does not object to the disclosure of his name to such person or organization, or (C) such person or public or private organization is acting as an agent, servant or employee of the communications company.
(3) Disclose the television viewing habits of any individual subscriber without the consent of the subscriber.
(4) Install or maintain a home-protection scanning device in a dwelling as part of a communication service without the express written consent of the occupant.
(b) Any communications company which violates any provision of this section shall be fined not more than ten thousand dollars for each violation. Any person who has been injured by a violation of this section shall have the right of action against any communications company which has committed the violation to recover damages for such injury. If the court awards damages, the plaintiff shall be awarded costs.
(P.A. 84-304, S. 3.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949e - Health Insurance Fraud Act › Section 53-440. - Short title: “Health Insurance Fraud Act”.

Sections 53-440 to 53-443, inclusive, shall be known and may be cited as the “Health Insurance Fraud Act”.
(P.A. 87-481, S. 1; P.A. 93-430, S. 1.)
History: P.A. 93-430 changed title of the act from “the Health Care False Claims Act” to “the Health Insurance Fraud Act”.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949e - Health Insurance Fraud Act › Section 53-441. - Definitions.

As used in sections 53-440 to 53-443, inclusive:
(a) “Statement” includes but is not limited to any notice, statement, invoice, account, bill for services, explanation of services, medical opinion, test result, computer generated document, electronic transmission or other evidence of loss, injury or expense;
(b) “Person” means any individual, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association or any other legal entity;
(c) “Insurer” means any insurance company, health care center, corporation, Lloyd's insurer, fraternal benefit society or any other legal entity authorized to provide health care benefits in this state, including benefits provided under health insurance, disability insurance, workers' compensation and automobile insurance or any person, partnership, association or legal entity which is self-insured and provides health care benefits to its employees or governmental entity which provides medical benefits to Medicare or Medicaid recipients.
(P.A. 87-481, S. 2; P.A. 93-430, S. 2; P.A. 95-79, S. 181, 189.)
History: P.A. 93-430 amended the definition of “statement” to include “electronic transmission” and changed the definition of “health care insurer” to “insurer” and included health care centers and governmental entities providing medical benefits to Medicare and Medicaid recipients and added reference to the benefits provided under health insurance, disability insurance, workers' compensation and automobile insurance to the definition of “insurer”; P.A. 95-79 redefined “person” to include a limited liability company, effective May 31, 1995.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949e - Health Insurance Fraud Act › Section 53-442. - Health insurance fraud.

A person is guilty of health insurance fraud when he, with the intent to defraud or deceive any insurer, (1) presents or causes to be presented to any insurer or any agent thereof any written or oral statement as part of or in support of an application for any policy of insurance or claim for payment or other benefit from a plan providing health care benefits, whether for himself, a family member or a third party, knowing that such statement contains any false, incomplete, deceptive or misleading information concerning any fact or thing material to such claim or application, or omits information concerning any fact or thing material to such claim or application, or (2) assists, abets, solicits or conspires with another to prepare or present any written or oral statement to any insurer or any agent thereof, in connection with, or in support of, an application for any policy of insurance or claim for payment or other benefit from a plan providing health care benefits knowing that such statement contains any false, deceptive or misleading information concerning any fact or thing material to such application or claim. For purposes of this section, “misleading information” includes but is not limited to falsely representing that goods or services were medically necessary in accordance with professionally accepted standards.
(P.A. 87-481, S. 3; P.A. 93-430, S. 3.)
History: P.A. 93-430 deleted references to “health care insurer” and substituted “insurer” in lieu thereof, included a reference to application for “policy of insurance” in lieu of “application” and added a provision re assisting, abetting, soliciting or conspiring to defraud an insurer or any agent thereof.
Cited. 44 CA 294.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949e - Health Insurance Fraud Act › Section 53-443. - Penalty. Order of restitution. Attorneys' fees and investigation costs included in restitution.

Any person who violates any provision of sections 53-440 to 53-443, inclusive, shall be subject to the penalties for larceny under sections 53a-122 to 53a-125b, inclusive. Each act shall be considered a separate offense. In addition to any fine or term of imprisonment imposed, including any order of probation, any such person shall make restitution to an aggrieved insurer, including reasonable attorneys' fees and investigation costs.
(P.A. 87-481, S. 4; P.A. 93-430, S. 4.)
History: P.A. 93-430 specified that each act of fraud constitutes a separate offense and included reasonable attorneys' fees and investigation costs in the restitution order.
Cited. 44 CA 294.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949e - Health Insurance Fraud Act › Section 53-444. - Cause of action, when.

Any insurer, as defined in subsection (c) of section 53-441, that is aggrieved as a result of an act of insurance fraud may institute an action against the perpetrator of such fraud to recover all damages resulting from the fraud.
(P.A. 93-430, S. 5.)
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949e - Health Insurance Fraud Act › Section 53-445. - Knowledge of health insurance fraud, report to Insurance Commissioner. Independent investigation conducted. Subject to civil liability, when.

(a) Any person, including an insurer, as defined in subsection (c) of section 53-441, who has knowledge of or has reason to believe that health insurance fraud, as defined in section 53-442, has occurred, shall provide notice and any information, evidence and documentation in the person's or its possession relative to the suspected fraud to the Insurance Commissioner.
(b) The commissioner shall review and investigate any reports of or information received by any person regarding insurance fraud; he shall conduct an independent investigation of the suspected insurance fraud; and when he reasonably believes that a violation has occurred, he shall refer such investigation to the appropriate state agency for criminal prosecution, civil enforcement or disciplinary action. During the commissioner's investigation and prior to the referral of such investigation, the investigation and record thereof shall be confidential.
(c) Any person, including an insurer, as defined in subsection (c) of section 53-441, or a not-for-profit organization established to detect and prevent insurance fraud or his or its agents or employees may disclose otherwise personal or privileged information as defined in section 38a-976, orally or in writing to another person concerning any alleged, suspected or anticipated insurance fraud as defined in section 53-442, when such disclosure is limited to that which is reasonably necessary to detect, investigate or prevent criminal activity, fraud, material misrepresentation or material nondisclosure.
(d) No person shall be subject to liability for libel, slander or any other civil liability in connection with the filing of reports or documents, or furnishing orally or in writing information concerning any suspected, anticipated or alleged insurance fraud, when the reports, documents or information are provided or received in accordance with the provisions of subsection (a) or (c) of this section or in accordance with an order issued by a court of competent jurisdiction to provide testimony or evidence, unless such person disclosed false information with malice or wilful intent to injure any person.
(P.A. 93-430, S. 7, 9; P.A. 00-211, S. 5.)
History: P.A. 93-430 effective October 1, 1994 (Revisor's note: In subsections (a) and (c) the words “their possession” and “their agents” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “his or its possession” and “his or its agents” respectively, for grammatical correctness); P.A. 00-211 amended Subsec. (a) to require notice and evidence in a person's possession relative to suspected fraud to be provided to the Insurance Commissioner, and made a technical change for purposes of gender neutrality.
2023 Connecticut General Statutes › Title 53 - Crimes › Chapter 949f - Videotape Rental and Privacy › Section 53-450. - Confidentiality of videotape rental information. Cause of action. Penalty.

(a) All personally identifiable information contained in the circulation records of any person renting videotape cassettes shall be confidential.
(b) Any person who has been injured by a violation of this section shall have a right of action against any person renting videotape cassettes who has committed the violation to recover damages for such injury.
(c) Any person who violates any provisions of this section shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars.
(P.A. 88-205, S. 1–3.)