reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-85 Signals by hand and arm or signal lamps.

§291C-85 Signals by hand and arm or signal lamps.
(a) Any stop or turn signal when required herein shall be given either by means of the hand and arm or by signal lamps, except as otherwise provided in subsection (b).
(b) Any motor vehicle in use on a highway shall be equipped with, and required signal shall be given by, signal lamps when the distance from the center of the top of the steering post to the left outside limit of the body, cab, or load of such motor vehicle exceeds twenty-four inches, or when the distance from the center of the top of the steering post to the rear limit of the body or load thereof exceeds fourteen feet. The latter measurement shall apply to any single vehicle, also to any combination of vehicles. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-86 Method of giving hand-and-arm signals.

§291C-86 Method of giving hand-and-arm signals.
All signals herein required given by hand and arm shall be given from the left side of the vehicle in the following manner and such signals shall indicate as follows:
(1) Left turn--hand and arm extended horizontally.
(2) Right turn--hand and arm extended upward, except bicyclists may signal using the right hand and arm extended horizontally from the right side of the bicycle.
(3) Stop or decrease speed--hand and arm extended downward. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1; am L 2015, c 12, §2]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-91 Obedience to signal indicating approach of train.

§291C-91 Obedience to signal indicating approach of train.
(a) Whenever any person driving a vehicle approaches a railroad grade crossing under any of the circumstances stated in this section, the driver of the vehicle shall stop within fifty feet but not less than fifteen feet from the nearest rail of the railroad, and shall not proceed until the train has passed. The foregoing requirements shall apply when:
(1) A clearly visible electric or mechanical signal device gives warning of the immediate approach of a railroad train;
(2) A crossing gate is lowered or when a human flagperson gives or continues to give a signal of the approach or passage of a train;
(3) A railroad train approaching within approximately fifteen hundred feet of the highway crossing emits a signal audible from that distance and the railroad train, by reason of its speed or nearness to the crossing, is an immediate hazard;
(4) An approaching railroad train is approximately within fifteen hundred feet of the crossing and is plainly visible and is in hazardous proximity to the crossing.
(b) No person shall drive any vehicle through, around, or under any crossing gate or barrier at a railroad crossing while the gate or barrier is closed or is being opened or closed. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1; gen ch 1985, 1993; am L 1997, c 156, §1]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-92 All vehicles must stop at certain railroad grade crossings.

§291C-92 All vehicles must stop at certain railroad grade crossings.
The director of transportation and the counties are authorized to designate particularly dangerous highway grade crossings of railroads and to erect stop signs thereat. When such stop signs are erected, the driver of any vehicle shall stop within fifty feet but not less than fifteen feet from the nearest rail of such railroad and shall proceed only if no train is approaching. If a train is approaching, and is approximately within fifteen hundred feet of the crossing, the driver must not proceed until after the train has passed. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1; am L 1997, c 156, §2]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-93 Certain vehicles must stop at all railroad crossings.

§291C-93 Certain vehicles must stop at all railroad crossings.
(a) The driver of any motor vehicle carrying passengers for hire, or of any school bus carrying any school child, or of any vehicle carrying explosive substances or flammable liquids as a cargo or part of a cargo, before crossing at grade any track or tracks of a railroad, shall stop such vehicle within fifty feet but not less than fifteen feet from the nearest rail of such railroad, and while so stopped shall listen and look in both directions along the track for any approaching train, and for signals indicating the approach of a train, except as hereinafter provided, and if a train is approaching, and is approximately within fifteen hundred feet of the crossing, shall not proceed until after the train has passed. After stopping as required herein and determining that no train is approaching, the driver of any such vehicle shall cross only in such gear of the vehicle that there will be no necessity for changing gears while traversing the crossing and the driver shall not shift gears while crossing the track or tracks.
(b) No stop need be made at any such crossing where a police officer or a traffic-control signal directs traffic to proceed.
(c) This section shall not apply at street-railway grade crossings within a business or residence district. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1; gen ch 1985; am L 1997, c 156, §3]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-94 Emerging from alley, driveway, or building.

§291C-94 Emerging from alley, driveway, or building.
The driver of a vehicle emerging from an alley, building, private road, or driveway or from any public or private property other than a highway that is adjacent to a bicycle lane, bicycle path, sidewalk, or sidewalk area shall stop the vehicle immediately prior to driving onto the bicycle lane, bicycle path, sidewalk, or sidewalk area extending across the alley, building entrance, road, or driveway, or such public or private property, or in the event there is no bikeway or sidewalk area, shall stop at the point nearest the street to be entered where the driver has a view of approaching traffic thereon. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1; am L 1977, c 180, §6]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-95 Overtaking and passing school bus.

§291C-95 Overtaking and passing school bus.
(a) Whenever a school bus is stopped on a highway or road in a residential area with its visual signals actuated as described in subsection (g), the driver of any motor vehicle on the same highway or road in a residential area in the lane occupied by the school bus and all lanes adjacent to the lane occupied by the school bus, regardless of the direction of traffic in those lanes, shall stop the driver's vehicle not less than twenty feet from the school bus and shall not proceed until the school bus resumes motion and the visual signals are turned off.
(b) Subsection (a) shall not apply to a vehicle when the school bus and the vehicle are on different roadways; except that where a highway or road in a residential area has been divided into two or more lanes by an intervening space, a physical barrier, or a clearly indicated dividing section, subsection (a) shall apply to all drivers of motor vehicles in all lanes on the same side as a school bus which is stopped with visual signals actuated as required under subsection (c).
(c) The driver of the school bus shall actuate the visual signals described in subsection (g) only when the school bus is stopped for the purpose of receiving or discharging school children.
(d) The front and rear of every school bus shall be marked with the words "SCHOOL BUS" in plainly visible letters not less than eight inches in height and strokes not less than three-fourths of an inch in width.
(e) No vehicle, other than a school bus, shall display a "SCHOOL BUS" sign.
(f) When a school bus is being operated upon a highway for purposes other than as an incident to the transportation of children, all marking thereon indicating "SCHOOL BUS" shall be covered or concealed.
(g) The visual signals actuated as required under subsection (c) shall consist of four red signal lamps meeting the following requirements:
(1) Two lamps shall face forward and two shall face the rear;
(2) The two forward lamps shall flash alternately and shall be mounted at the same level, but as high and as widely spaced as practical;
(3) The two rear lamps shall flash alternately and shall be mounted at the same level but as high and as widely spaced as practical; and
(4) Each of the lamps shall be of sufficient intensity as to be plainly visible at a distance of five hundred feet in normal sunlight and shall be capable of being actuated from the driver's seat by a single switch.
(h) Any person who violates this section shall be fined not more than $500 or sentenced to perform community service, or both; provided that any person who violates subsection (a) on a state highway shall be fined not more than $1,000 or sentenced to perform community service, or both. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1; am L 1975, c 22, §2; am L 1976, c 52, §1; gen ch 1985; am L 1987, c 237, §2; am L 1998, c 265, §1; am L 2018, c 172, §1]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-101 Basic rule.

Cross References
Neighborhood electric vehicle requirements, see §291C-134.
§291C-101 Basic rule.
No person shall drive a vehicle at a speed greater than is reasonable and prudent and having regard to the actual and potential hazards and conditions then existing. Consistent with the foregoing, every person shall drive at a safe and appropriate speed when approaching and crossing an intersection or railroad grade crossing, when approaching and going around a curve, when approaching a hill crest, when traveling upon any narrow or winding roadway, and when special hazards exist with respect to pedestrians or other traffic, or by reason of weather or highway conditions. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1; am L 1977, c 8, §1]
Case Notes
For conviction, there must be evidence that the speed was unreasonable under the actual and potential hazards and conditions then existing. 1 H. App. 403, 619 P.2d 1102 (1980).
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-104 Speeding in a school zone or construction area

§291C-104 Speeding in a school zone or construction area
. (a) No person shall drive a motor vehicle at a speed greater than the maximum speed limit established pursuant to subsection (b) within a school zone or a construction area; provided that if the person drives a motor vehicle at a speed greater than thirty miles an hour or more over the maximum speed limit established in subsection (b), or over eighty miles per hour or more in a school zone or a construction zone, the provisions of section 291C-105 shall control. Appropriate law enforcement personnel may enforce the maximum speed limits established for school zones and construction areas.
(b) Section 291C-102 notwithstanding, the director of transportation and the counties, in their respective jurisdictions, shall establish maximum speed limits for school zones and construction areas and shall require the owner, general contractor, or other person responsible for construction to provide proper signs in construction areas. The director of transportation shall place official signs in school zones.
Signs posted pursuant to this subsection shall be plainly visible at all times under ordinary traffic conditions.
(c) Any person who violates this section shall be fined $250, may be charged with a surcharge of up to $100 to be deposited into the trauma system special fund, and, where the violation involves speeding in a school zone, shall be charged with a surcharge of $25 to be deposited into the safe routes to school program special fund.
(d) For purposes of this section:
"Construction area" includes any area in which there is occurring the installation, construction, or demolition of connections for streets, roads, driveways, concrete curbs and sidewalks, structures, drainage systems, landscaping, or grading within the highway rights-of-way, including aboveground and underground utility work, excavation and backfilling of trenches or other openings in state highways, the restoration, replacement, or repair of the base course, pavement surfaces, highway structures, or any other highway improvements.
"School zone" means every street and all public property in the vicinity of a school as designated by the department of transportation and the counties, in their respective jurisdictions.
(e) The director shall adopt rules pursuant to chapter 91 as may be necessary to implement this section. [L 2000, c 293, §1; am L 2001, c 138, §1; am L 2006, c 129, §4; am L 2008, c 231, §15; am L 2012, c 317, §3]
Cross References
Violation of rules governing the use of traffic control devices at work sites; penalty, see §286-8.
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-106 Speed limit for Daniel K. Inouye highway.

§291C-106 Speed limit for Daniel K. Inouye highway.
Notwithstanding any other law to the contrary, the speed limit for the Daniel K. Inouye highway shall be sixty miles per hour beginning at mile marker 12; provided that the speed limit shall be forty-five miles per hour or any other speed limit as determined pursuant to sections 291C-102, 291C-104, or 291C-105, beginning at the Pohakuloa training area and ending one-half mile east of the Mauna Kea county park entrance. [L 2016, c 197, §1]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-107 Speed limits; factors to consider.

§291C-107 Speed limits; factors to consider.
(a) The department of transportation or a county shall consider the following factors when setting a maximum speed limit pursuant to section 291C-102:
(1) An engineering study conducted for the road whose maximum speed limit is being set; provided that the engineering study shall include an analysis of the current speed distribution of free-flowing vehicles; and
(2) Any other factors prescribed by the Federal Highway Administration's Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, as amended.
(b) As used in this section, "engineering study" means a survey of highway and traffic conditions in accordance with methods determined by the department of transportation for use by state and local authorities. An engineering study shall consider the following factors:
(1) Roadway characteristics including but not limited to shoulder condition grade, alignment, sight distance, and lane widths;
(2) Roadside development and environment, including the following:
(A) Number and types of side road access including signalized or unsignalized intersections;
(B) Pedestrian activity and facilities;
(C) Parking practices and activity; and
(D) Type of bicycle accommodations and facilities;
(3) Motor vehicle crashes resulting in deaths or injuries; and
(4) Prevailing speeds as determined by traffic engineering measurements. [L 2019, c 207, §2]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-111.5 State highway enforcement program; establishment; annual reports.

§291C-111.5 State highway enforcement program; establishment; annual reports.
(a) There is established the state highway enforcement program within the department of transportation for administrative purposes. The purpose of the state highway enforcement program is to enable the State and counties, in consultation with the director of transportation, to:
(1) Enforce violations for illegal parking under section 291C-111(c); and
(2) Provide for parking management-related improvements.
(b) Implementation of the state highway enforcement program shall include partnering with law enforcement, other state departments, other county agencies, and community groups to increase health and safety along state highways.
(c) The director of transportation shall submit an annual report to the legislature on the status and progress of the state highway enforcement program, including an update of all moneys deposited into and expended from the state highway fund, on behalf of the state highway enforcement program no later than twenty days prior to the convening of each regular session. [L 2019, c 250, §2]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-112 Certain uses of parked vehicles prohibited between 6:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m.; definition; exceptions.

§291C-112 Certain uses of parked vehicles prohibited between 6:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m.; definition; exceptions.
(a) No person shall use any vehicle for purposes of human habitation, whether or not the vehicle is designed or equipped for that purpose, while the vehicle is parked on any roadway, street, or highway or other public property between the hours of 6:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. or while the vehicle is parked on private property without authorization of the owner or occupant authorizing both the parking of the vehicle there and its use for purposes of human habitation.
(b) As used in this section "purposes of human habitation" includes use as a dwelling place, living abode, or sleeping place.
(c) This section does not apply to the parking of vehicles and their use for purposes of human habitation in parks, camps, and other recreational areas in compliance with law and applicable rules and regulations, or under emergency conditions in the interest of vehicular safety.
(d) The department of health shall promulgate rules and regulations, pursuant to chapter 91, necessary for the administration of this section. [L 1972, c 48, pt of §2]
Case Notes
Because defendant was a person to whom this section directly applied, and defendant's expressive conduct was not at issue, defendant did not have standing to assert overbreadth challenge based on a hypothetical application of this section. 82 H. 269 (App.), 921 P.2d 1170 (1996).
No equal protection violation as section rationally furthers legitimate state interest in protecting health and welfare of public at large. 82 H. 269 (App.), 921 P.2d 1170 (1996).
This section, which prohibits the use of a vehicle "for purposes of human habitation", not unconstitutionally vague. 82 H. 269 (App.), 921 P.2d 1170 (1996).
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-113 Ordinances regulating use of vehicles for purposes of human habitation.

§291C-113 Ordinances regulating use of vehicles for purposes of human habitation.
Each of the counties may enact and enforce ordinances regulating the use of vehicles for purposes of human habitation.
Upon each of the counties enacting an ordinance pertaining to the use of vehicles for purposes of human habitation, then so far as that county is concerned, the ordinance shall have full force and effect, and shall supersede section 291C-112 until the ordinance is repealed or otherwise made invalid. [L 1972, c 48, pt of §2]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-114 Parking on sidewalks.

§291C-114 Parking on sidewalks.
The director of transportation is authorized to and the counties by ordinance may with respect to highways under their respective jurisdictions prohibit or restrict the stopping, standing, or parking of vehicles on sidewalks. [L 1988, c 191, §1]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-115 Wheel boots prohibited.

§291C-115 Wheel boots prohibited.
(a) It shall be unlawful for a person or entity, including any county police department, to apply or cause to be applied, a wheel boot to a motor vehicle located on any public or private street, roadway, or highway, as applicable, or on any public or private property, as applicable.
(b) For purposes of this section, "wheel boot" includes a tire lock, denver boot, wheel clamp, or wheel immobilizer.
(c) Any person, entity, or police department violating this section shall be fined $100 for each application of a wheel boot. [L 2013, c 285, §2]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-121 Unattended motor vehicle.

§291C-121 Unattended motor vehicle.
No person driving or in charge of a motor vehicle shall permit it to stand unattended without first stopping the engine, locking the ignition, removing the key from the ignition, effectively setting the brake thereon and, when standing upon any grade, turning the front wheels to the curb or side of the highway. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-121.5 Leaving a child unattended in a motor vehicle.

§291C-121.5 Leaving a child unattended in a motor vehicle.
(a) Notwithstanding chapter 571 or any other law to the contrary, a person violates this section if the person, being the operator or an adult passenger of a motor vehicle, leaves the motor vehicle for five minutes or longer when an unattended child is inside the vehicle, regardless of whether the operator or adult passenger is charged with the care or custody of the child.
(b) Any law enforcement officer, firefighter, or rescue team personnel who observes a child left unattended in a motor vehicle and determines that the unattended child is in physical danger, or poses a danger to others, may use whatever means are reasonably necessary to protect the child or others and remove the child from the motor vehicle. If the person who left the motor vehicle with an unattended child inside cannot be located within a reasonable time, the law enforcement officer, firefighter, or rescue team personnel, upon removing the child from the motor vehicle, shall immediately report the matter to a police officer, as defined under section [587A-4], who may assume protective custody of the child without a court order and without the consent of the child's family.
(c) Law enforcement officers, firefighters, and rescue team personnel shall not be liable in any civil action to any party for any act performed in good faith under this section.
(d) As used in this section:
"Child" means a person under the age of nine.
"Rescue team personnel" means physicians, basic life support personnel, advanced life support personnel, surgeons, nurses, volunteers, or employees of the owners or operators of a hospital or authorized emergency vehicle who have been trained in basic or advanced life support and have been charged by the owners or operators of the hospital or authorized emergency vehicle with providing life support and resuscitation to persons who are in immediate danger of loss of life in cases of emergency.
"Unattended" means leaving a child:
(1) Alone in a motor vehicle; or
(2) In a motor vehicle with a minor under the age of twelve. [L 2008, c 170, §2]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-122 Limitations on backing.

§291C-122 Limitations on backing.
(a) The driver of a vehicle shall not back it unless such movement can be made with safety and without interfering with other traffic.
(b) The driver of a vehicle shall not back it upon any shoulder or roadway of any controlled-access highway. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-123 Driving or parking upon bikeway; parking penalty.

§291C-123 Driving or parking upon bikeway; parking penalty.
(a) No person shall drive any vehicle other than a bicycle, electric foot scooter, or moped upon a bicycle lane or bicycle path, except upon a permanent or authorized temporary driveway, or park any vehicle upon a bicycle lane or bicycle path; provided that any vehicle may be driven or parked in a bicycle lane or bicycle path as applicable if:
(1) It is in the process of executing a legal turn, lane change, or parking maneuver;
(2) It is an authorized emergency vehicle performing the functions under section 291C-26;
(3) It is an official federal, state, or county vehicle in the performance of its actual duty;
(4) It is a stalled or broken vehicle;
(5) It is necessary to assist a stalled or broken vehicle;
(6) It is necessary to yield to an authorized emergency vehicle pursuant to section 291C-65; or
(7) It is otherwise provided by law.
(b) Any person violating the parking prohibition in subsection (a) shall be fined $200. Fines collected pursuant to this section shall be deposited into the state highway fund. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1; am L 1977, c 180, §7; am L 1978, c 30, §3; am L 1984, c 273, §10; am L 2008, c 130, §1; am L 2014, c 120, §2; am L 2021, c 174, §7]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-124 Obstruction to driver's view or driving mechanism.

§291C-124 Obstruction to driver's view or driving mechanism.
(a) No person shall drive a vehicle when it is so loaded, or when there are in the front seat such a number of persons, exceeding three, as to obstruct the view of the driver to the front or sides of the vehicle, or as to interfere with the driver's control over the driving mechanism of the vehicle.
(b) While operating a motor vehicle, no person shall hold in the person's lap, or allow to be in the driver's immediate area, any person, animal, or object which interferes with the driver's control over the driving mechanism of the vehicle.
(c) No passenger in a vehicle shall ride in such position as to interfere with the driver's view ahead or to the sides, or to interfere with the driver's control over the driving mechanism of the vehicle. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1; am L 1981, c 11, §1; gen ch 1985]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-125 Opening and closing vehicle doors.

§291C-125 Opening and closing vehicle doors.
No person shall open the door of a motor vehicle on the side available to moving traffic unless and until it is reasonably safe to do so, and can be done without interfering with, or causing immediate hazard to the movement of other traffic, nor shall any person leave a door open on the side of a vehicle available to moving traffic for a period of time longer than necessary to load or unload passengers. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1; am L 1977, c 180, §8; am L 2018, c 218, § §5, 9]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-127 Coasting prohibited.

§291C-127 Coasting prohibited.
The driver of any motor vehicle when traveling upon a down grade shall not coast with the gears or transmission of the vehicle in neutral or with the clutch disengaged. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-128 Following emergency vehicle prohibited.

§291C-128 Following emergency vehicle prohibited.
The driver of any vehicle other than one on official business shall not follow any emergency vehicle traveling in response to an emergency closer than five hundred feet or drive or park such vehicle within five hundred feet of where the emergency vehicle has stopped in answer to a fire alarm. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-129 Crossing fire hose.

§291C-129 Crossing fire hose.
No vehicle shall be driven over any unprotected hose of a fire department when laid down on any street, private road, or driveway, to be used at any fire or alarm of fire, without the consent of the fire department official in command. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-130 Slow moving vehicle emblem required; penalty.

§291C-130 Slow moving vehicle emblem required; penalty.
(a) Any vehicle, or combination of vehicles, designed to operate at a speed of twenty-five miles per hour or less, including a neighborhood electric vehicle, and traveling on a public highway, except when guarded by a flagperson or a flare, or unless provided by ordinance, shall display a triangular slow moving vehicle emblem meeting ASAE Standard S276.2 as developed by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, mounted on the rear of the vehicle, or combination of vehicles, base down and at a height of not less than three nor more than five feet from the ground to base.
(b) The use of the emblem on any vehicle, other than a vehicle designed to operate at a speed of twenty-five miles per hour or less, or on a stationary object on a public highway is prohibited.
(c) Any person who violates this section shall be fined not more than $500. [L 1975, c 22, §1; am L 1993, c 214, §13; gen ch 1993; am L 1999, c 262, §3(4)]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-132 Littering from vehicles.

§291C-132 Littering from vehicles.
(a) No person shall throw, place, or drop litter from a vehicle on any highway. The driver of the vehicle may be cited for any litter thrown, placed, or dropped from the vehicle.
(b) "Litter" means rubbish, refuse, waste material, garbage, trash, offal, or debris of whatever kind or description, whether or not it is of value, and includes improperly discarded paper, metal, plastic, glass, or solid waste.
(c) The court shall sentence any person convicted of the offense of littering from vehicles as follows:
(1) For the first offense, defendant shall spend four hours of either picking up litter on public property or performing community service.
(2) For any subsequent offense, defendant shall spend eight hours of either picking up litter on public property or performing community service.
(d) The court shall fine the person convicted of committing the offense of littering at least $100, but not more than $500. [L 1977, c 206, §1; am L 1979, c 60, §6; am L 1992, c 116, §1; am L 2006, c 158, §2]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-133 Waste material falling from motor vehicles.

§291C-133
Waste material falling from motor vehicles.
(a) Notwithstanding sections 291C-131 and 291C-132 to the contrary, a driver of a motor vehicle from which waste material falls onto a highway or roadway shall be responsible for the removal of the fallen waste material. If the driver is unable to remove the waste material from the highway or roadway, or if removal will create a hazardous situation, the driver shall report, without unnecessary delay, the following information to the county police department:
(1) Description of the fallen waste material;
(2) Location of the fallen waste material;
(3) Time of the incident; and
(4) Any other pertinent information.
(b) A driver who:
(1) Knowingly refuses to remove waste material that has fallen from the driver's motor vehicle onto a highway or roadway; and
(2) Knowingly fails to report the incident, without unnecessary delay, to the county police department, pursuant to subsection (a),
shall be subject to the penalties set forth in section 291C-161.
(c) As used in this section, "waste material" means rubbish, refuse, garbage, trash, tire debris, mufflers, tail pipes, or debris of whatever kind or description. "Waste material" does not include material used by authorized persons in connection with any lawful purpose. [L 1998, c 145, §1; am L 1999, c 18, §5]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-134 Neighborhood electric vehicles; speed; restrictions.

§291C-134 Neighborhood electric vehicles; speed; restrictions.
(a) A neighborhood electric vehicle shall not be operated at a speed of more than twenty-five miles per hour.
(b) A neighborhood electric vehicle shall not be driven on a highway that has a posted speed limit of more than thirty-five miles per hour. This subsection does not prohibit a neighborhood electric vehicle from crossing a highway that has a posted speed limit of more than thirty-five miles per hour at an intersection.
(c) A neighborhood electric vehicle shall have a notice of the operational restrictions applying to the vehicle permanently attached to or painted on the vehicle in a location that is in clear view of the driver.
[(d)] The director of transportation shall adopt rules pursuant to chapter 91 as may be necessary to regulate the use of neighborhood electric vehicles. [L 1999, c 262, § §3(1), 4]
Revision Note
Subsection (d) codified to this section pursuant to §23G-15.
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-134.5 Electric personal assistive mobility devices; restrictions.

§291C-134.5 Electric personal assistive mobility devices; restrictions.
(a) Unless otherwise prohibited or regulated by a county ordinance, an electric personal assistive mobility device may be operated on sidewalks, at a speed no greater than eight miles per hour, and bicycle paths of the State. The sale of consumer models of electric personal assistive mobility devices in the State shall be limited to those models operated by a key that can set the maximum forward speed at no more than eight miles per hour.
(b) An electric personal assistive mobility device operator shall be sixteen years of age or older.
(c) An electric personal assistive mobility device operator on a sidewalk or bicycle path shall exercise due care to avoid colliding with, and shall yield the right-of-way to, persons traveling on foot and those using mobility aids.
(d) An electric personal assistive mobility device operator shall give an audible signal before overtaking and passing any pedestrian.
(e) An electric personal assistive mobility device operator shall wear or equip the electric personal assistive mobility device with reflectors and a headlamp when operating between one-half hour after sunset and one-half hour before sunrise.
(f) Any operator who operates an electric personal assistive mobility device recklessly in disregard for the safety of persons or property shall be assessed penalties as set forth in section 291C-161. [L 2003, c 180, §2; am L 2009, c 78, §1]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-135 Tow trucks; signage and insurance requirements.

§291C-135 Tow trucks; signage and insurance requirements.
Notwithstanding any other law to the contrary, the registered owner or lessee of a tow truck shall:
(1) Permanently affix on each door of the truck a sign with the name and telephone number of the tow business. The letters and numbers used in the sign shall be no less than two inches in height; and
(2) Maintain insurance in the following amounts:
(A) Bodily injury of not less than $500,000;
(B) Property damage of not less than $200,000; and
(C) On-hook coverage of not less than $175,000; or
(D) A combined single limit of liability of not less than $1,000,000,
to protect owners of towed vehicles in the event of vehicle loss or damage due to towing or bodily injury in the course of towing. If a tow operator fails to comply with the insurance requirements of this section, no charges, including storage charges, may be collected by the tow operator as a result of the tow or as a condition of the release of the towed vehicle. Any person, including the registered owner, lien holder, or insurer of the vehicle, who has been injured by the tow operator's failure to comply with this section is entitled to sue for damages sustained. If a judgment is obtained by the plaintiff, the court shall award the plaintiff a sum of not less than $1,000 or threefold damages sustained by the plaintiff, whichever sum is greater, and reasonable attorney's fees and costs.
This section shall not apply to a county that has adopted ordinances regulating towing operations. [L 2000, c 260, §1; am L 2003, c 84, §4; am L 2010, c 122, §3]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-136 Towing by consent; payment.

§291C-136
Towing by consent; payment.
Notwithstanding any other law to the contrary, towing companies engaged by the registered owner of a vehicle for towing services, including storage if any, shall release the towed vehicle to the registered owner, legal owner, insurer, or a designated representative upon payment of fees for towing services and storage of the vehicle; provided that payment may be made in cash or by debit card, credit card, insurance company check, commercial check, or automated teller machine located on the premises. [L 2010, c 122, §1]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-138 Waipio valley access; required four-wheel drive vehicle use.

§291C-138 Waipio valley access; required four-wheel drive vehicle use.
(a) No vehicle, other than a low-range, four-wheel drive vehicle, shall at any time be driven through or in the connecting roadway corridor between the Waipio valley lookout and the floor of Waipio valley; provided that any vehicle may be driven in these areas if it is:
(1) In the process of executing a legal turn, lane change, or parking maneuver to exit the area;
(2) An authorized emergency vehicle performing the functions under section 291C-26;
(3) An official federal, state, or county vehicle in the performance of its actual duty;
(4) Necessary to assist a stalled or broken vehicle;
(5) Necessary to yield to an authorized emergency vehicle pursuant to section 291C-65;
(6) A vehicle engaged in or in support of research or maintenance activities; or
(7) Otherwise provided by law.
(b) Violation of this section shall subject the driver of the vehicle to a fine of $250.
(c) For purposes of this section, an all-wheel drive vehicle shall not be considered to be a low-range, four-wheel drive vehicle. [L 2019, c 204, §1]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-141 Effect of regulations.

§291C-141 Effect of regulations.
(a) It is a traffic infraction for any person to do any act forbidden or fail to perform any act required in this part.
(b) The parent of any child and the guardian of any ward shall not authorize or knowingly permit any such child or ward to violate this chapter.
(c) These regulations applicable to bicycles shall apply whenever a bicycle is operated upon any highway or upon any bicycle path set aside for the preferential or exclusive use of bicycles subject to those exceptions stated herein. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1; am L 1978, c 39, §3; am L 1993, c 214, §14]
Cross References
Special rules for mopeds, see § §291C-191 to 291C-207.
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-142 Traffic laws apply to persons riding bicycles.

§291C-142 Traffic laws apply to persons riding bicycles.
Every person riding a bicycle upon a roadway shall be granted all of the rights and shall be subject to all of the duties applicable to the driver of a vehicle by this chapter, except as to special regulations in this part and except as to those provisions of this chapter which by their nature can have no application. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-143 Riding on bicycles.

§291C-143 Riding on bicycles.
(a) A person propelling a bicycle shall not ride other than upon or astride a permanent and regular seat attached thereon.
(b) No bicycle shall be used to carry more persons at one time than the number for which it is designed and equipped. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1; am L 1976, c 148, §3; am L 1978, c 175, §12]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-143.5 Low-speed electric bicycles; operator age.

§291C-143.5 Low-speed electric bicycles; operator age.
No person under the age of fifteen shall operate a low-speed electric bicycle as defined under title 15 United States Code section 2085. [L 2019, c 208, §1]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-144 Clinging to vehicles.

§291C-144 Clinging to vehicles.
No person riding upon any coaster, roller skates, sled, or toy bicycle or other toy vehicle shall attach it or oneself to any vehicle upon a roadway, and no person riding a bicycle or moped upon any roadway shall attach the bicycle or moped or oneself to any vehicle other than the one the person is riding. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1; am L 1984, c 273, §11; gen ch 1985]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-146 Carrying articles.

§291C-146 Carrying articles.
No person operating a bicycle shall carry any package, bundle, or article which prevents the use of both hands in the control and operation of the bicycle. A person operating a bicycle shall keep at least one hand on the handlebars at all times. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1; am L 1984, c 273, §13]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-147 Lamps and other equipment on bicycles.

§291C-147 Lamps and other equipment on bicycles.
(a) Any bicycle used from thirty minutes after sunset until thirty minutes before sunrise shall be equipped with a lamp on the front emitting a white light visible from a distance of at least five hundred feet to the front.
(b) Every bicycle shall be equipped with a red reflector at least four square inches in size which shall be visible for six hundred feet to the rear when directly in front of lawful lower beams of head lamps on a motor vehicle.
(c) Every bicycle when in use at the time described in subsection (a) shall be equipped with reflective material at least four square inches in size and of sufficient size and reflectivity to be visible from both sides for six hundred feet when directly in front of lawful lower beams of head lamps on a motor vehicle, or, in lieu of such reflective material, with a lighted lamp visible from both sides from a distance of at least five hundred feet.
(d) A bicycle or its rider may be equipped with lights or reflectors in addition to those required by the foregoing subsections.
(e) A lamp meeting the specification of subsection (a) displayed on the left arm or left leg of the bicycle operator shall be considered to meet the requirements of subsection (a).
(f) A bicycle shall be equipped with a brake or brakes which enable the bicycle's driver to stop the bicycle within twenty-five feet from a speed of ten miles per hour on dry, level, clean pavement. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1; am L 1974, c 133, §6; am L 1976, c 148, §5; am L 1978, c 175, §14; am L 1984, c 273, §14]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-148 Driving upon sidewalk.

§291C-148 Driving upon sidewalk.
(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), no person shall drive any vehicle upon a sidewalk or sidewalk area except upon a permanent or authorized temporary driveway.
(b) Unless otherwise prohibited, a bicycle may be driven at a speed of ten miles per hour or less on a sidewalk or sidewalk area; provided that the driver of the bicycle shall yield the right-of-way to any pedestrian and that bicycle riding shall be prohibited on sidewalks in business districts.
(c) This section shall not be construed as preempting the director of transportation's or counties' authority to control parking on sidewalks under section 291C-114. Nor shall this section be construed as prohibiting the director or a county from authorizing parking on sidewalks when the authorization is promulgated in accordance with section 291C-114. [L 1984, c 273, §15; am L 1988, c 191, §2]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-149 Bicycle racing.

§291C-149 Bicycle racing.
(a) Bicycle racing on the highways is prohibited except as authorized in this section.
(b) Bicycle racing on a highway shall not be unlawful when a racing event has been approved by local authorities for any highway under their respective jurisdictions or for state highways, by the director of transportation. The director may adopt rules pursuant to chapter 91 necessary for the purposes of this chapter. Approval of bicycle highway racing events shall be granted only under conditions which assure reasonable safety for all race participants, spectators and other highway users, and which prevent unreasonable interference with traffic flow which would seriously inconvenience other highway users.
(c) By agreement with the local authority, participants in an approved bicycle highway racing event may be exempted from compliance with any traffic laws otherwise applicable thereto, provided that traffic control is adequate to assure the safety of all highway users. [L 1984, c 273, §16]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-150 Bicycle helmets.

§291C-150 Bicycle helmets.
(a) No person under sixteen years of age shall operate a bicycle upon a street, bikeway, or any other public property unless that person is wearing a properly fitted and fastened bicycle helmet that has been tested by a nationally recognized agency such as the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the National Safety Council, or the Children's Safety Network, and is designed to fit the user and protect against head trauma. This requirement also applies to a person who rides upon a bicycle while in a restraining seat that is attached to the bicycle or who rides in a trailer towed by the bicycle.
(b) A person who provides bicycles for hire shall not rent a bicycle to any person unless every person who is under age sixteen is wearing a bicycle helmet, as required in subsection (a), while operating the rented bicycle, occupying a restraining seat that is attached to the rented bicycle, or riding in a trailer towed by the rented bicycle.
(c) A violation of this section is punishable by a fine of not more than $25. The parent or legal guardian having control or custody of an unemancipated minor whose conduct violates this section shall be liable for the amount of the fine imposed pursuant to this section.
(d) Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, the fines collected for a violation of this section shall be paid into the state treasury to the credit of the state general fund. [L 2000, c 255, §1]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-151 Traffic laws apply to persons operating motorcycles.

§291C-151 Traffic laws apply to persons operating motorcycles.
Every person operating a motorcycle shall be granted all of the rights and shall be subject to all of the duties applicable to the driver of any other vehicle under this chapter, except as to special regulations in this part and except as to those provisions of this chapter which by their nature can have no application. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1]
2023 Hawaii Revised Statutes › Title 17. Motor and Other Vehicles › 291C. Statewide Traffic Code › 291C-152 Riding on motorcycles.

§291C-152 Riding on motorcycles.
(a) A person operating a motorcycle shall ride only upon the permanent and regular seat attached thereto, and such operator shall not carry any other person nor shall any other person ride on a motorcycle unless the motorcycle is designed to carry more than one person, in which event a passenger may ride upon the permanent and regular seat if designed for two persons, or upon another seat firmly attached to the motorcycle at the rear or side of the operator.
(b) A person shall ride upon a motorcycle, except for an autocycle, only while sitting astride the seat, facing forward, with one leg on each side of the motorcycle. A person shall ride upon an autocycle only while sitting in the seat and facing forward.
(c) No person shall operate a motorcycle while carrying any package, bundle, or other article which prevents the person from keeping both hands on the handlebars or, for an autocycle, on the steering wheel.
(d) No operator shall carry any person, nor shall any person ride, in a position that will interfere with the operation or control of the motorcycle or the view of the operator. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1; gen ch 1985; am L 2017, c 216, §3]
Cross References
Autocycles, see §286-71.
Carrying a person under seven years of age, see §291-11.