2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 38 - PROPERTY - REAL AND PERSONAL (§§ 38-1-101 — 38-53-110) › EMINENT DOMAIN (§§ 38-1-101 — 38-7.5-107) › Article 1 - PROCEEDINGS (§§ 38-1-101 — 38-1-202) › Part 1 - PROCEEDINGS - REQUIREMENTS ANDLIMITATIONS - DETERMINATION OF JUST COMPENSATION (§§ 38-1-101 — 38-1-122) › Section 38-1-101 - [Effective 8/7/2024] Compensation - public use - commission - jury - court - prohibition on elimination of nonconforming uses or nonconforming property design by amortization - limitation on extraterritorial condemnation by municipalities - definitions

(1)
(a)
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in order to protect property rights, without the consent of the owner of the property, private property shall not be taken or damaged by the state or any political subdivision for a public or private use without just compensation.
(b)
(I)
For purposes of satisfying the requirements of this section, "public use" shall not include the taking of private property for transfer to a private entity for the purpose of economic development or enhancement of tax revenue. Private property may otherwise be taken solely for the purpose of furthering a public use.
(II)
By enacting subparagraph (I) of this paragraph (b), the general assembly does not intend to create a new procedural mechanism to bring about the condemnation of private property. By enacting subparagraph (I) of this paragraph (b), the general assembly intends to limit only as provided in subparagraph (I) of this paragraph (b), and not expand, the definition of "public use".
(c)
Nothing in this section shall affect the right of a private party to condemn property as otherwise provided by law.
(2)
(a)
In all cases in which compensation is not made by the state in its corporate capacity, such compensation shall be ascertained by a board of commissioners of not less than three disinterested and impartial freeholders pursuant to section
38-1-105 (1)
or by a jury when required by the owner of the property as prescribed in section
38-1-106
. All questions and issues, except the amount of compensation, shall be determined by the court unless all parties interested in the action stipulate and agree that the compensation may be so ascertained by the court. In the event of such stipulation and agreement, the court shall proceed as provided in this article for the trial of such causes by a board of commissioners or jury.
(b)
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in any condemnation action, without the consent of the owner of the property, the burden of proof is on the condemning entity to demonstrate, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the taking of private property is for a public use, unless the condemnation action involves a taking for the eradication of blight, in which case the burden of proof is on the condemning entity to demonstrate, by clear and convincing evidence, that the taking of the property is necessary for the eradication of blight.
(3)
(a)
Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, a local government shall not enact or enforce an ordinance, resolution, or regulation that requires a nonconforming property use that was lawful at the time of its inception to be terminated or eliminated by amortization.
(b)
(Deleted by amendment, L. 2006, p. 1749, § 1, effective June 6, 2006.)
(4)
(a)
The general assembly hereby finds and declares that:
(I)
The acquisition by condemnation by a home rule or statutory municipality of property outside of its territorial boundaries involves matters of both statewide and local concern because such acquisition by condemnation may interfere with the plans and operations of other local governments and of the state.
(II)
In order that each local government and the state enjoy the greatest flexibility with respect to the planning and development of land within its territorial boundaries, it is necessary that the powers of a home rule or statutory municipality to acquire by condemnation property outside of its territorial boundaries be limited to the narrowest extent permitted by article XX of the state constitution.
(b)
(I)
Effective January 1, 2004, no home rule or statutory municipality shall either acquire by condemnation property located outside of its territorial boundaries nor provide any funding, in whole or in part, for the acquisition by condemnation by any other public or private party of property located outside of its territorial boundaries; except that the requirements of this paragraph (b) shall not apply to condemnation for water works, light plants, power plants, transportation systems, heating plants, any other public utilities or public works, or for any purposes necessary for such uses.
(II)
Effective January 1, 2004, no home rule or statutory municipality shall either acquire by condemnation property located outside of its territorial boundaries for the purpose of parks, recreation, open space, conservation, preservation of views or scenic vistas, or for similar purposes, nor provide any funding, in whole or in part, for the acquisition by condemnation by any other private or public party of property located outside of its territorial boundaries for the purpose of parks, recreation, open space, conservation, preservation of views or scenic vistas, or for similar purposes except where the municipality has obtained the consent of both the owner of the property to be acquired by condemnation and the governing body of the local government in which territorial boundaries the property is located.
(c)
Effective January 1, 2004, the provisions of this subsection (4) shall supersede any inconsistent statutory provisions whether contained in this title or any other title of the Colorado Revised Statutes.
(5)
For purposes of this section, unless the context otherwise requires:
(a)
"Local government" means a county, city and county, town, or home rule or statutory city.
(b)
"Political subdivision" means a county; city and county; city; town; service authority; school district; local improvement district; law enforcement authority; county revitalization authority; urban renewal authority; city or county housing authority; water, sanitation, fire protection, metropolitan, irrigation, drainage, or other special district; or any other kind of municipal, quasi-municipal, or public corporation organized pursuant to law.
Amended by 2024 Ch. 387,§ 14, eff. 8/7/2024.
G.L. § 1058. G.S. C. § 237. R.S. 08: § 2415. C.L. § 6311. CSA: C. 61, § 1. CRS 53: § 50-1-1. L. 61: p. 370, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 50-1-1. L. 84: Entire section amended, p. 972, § 1, effective February 17. L. 2003: Entire section amended, p. 2667, § 2, effective June 6. L. 2004: (4) added, p. 1747, § 6, effective June 4. L. 2006: (1), (2), and (3) amended and (5) added, p. 1749, § 1, effective June 6.
2024 Ch. 387, was passed without a safety clause. See Colo. Const. art. V, § 1(3).
This section is set out more than once due to postponed, multiple, or conflicting amendments.
(1) For jurisdiction of federal court, when properly invoked, see County of Allegheny v. Frank Mashuda Company, 360 U.S. 185 , 79 S. Ct. 1060 , 3 L. Ed. 2d 1163 (1959), and Louisiana Power and Light Company v. City of Thibodaux, 360 U.S. 25 , 79 S. Ct. 1070 , 3 L. Ed. 2d 1058 (1959); for taking private property for private use, see § 14 of art. II, Colo. Const.; for taking property for public use, see § 15 of art. II, Colo. Const. (2) For the legislative declaration in the 2003 act amending this section, see section 1 of chapter 420, Session Laws of Colorado 2003.