2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 15 - PROBATE, TRUSTS, AND FIDUCIARIES (§§ 15-1-101 — 15-24-403) › COLORADO PROBATE CODE (§§ 15-10-101 — 15-17-103) › Article 14 - PERSONS UNDER DISABILITY - PROTECTION (§§ 15-14-101 — 15-14-806) › Part 7 - UNIFORM POWER OF ATTORNEY ACT (§§ 15-14-701 — 15-14-745) › Subpart 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS (§§ 15-14-701 — 15-14-723) › Section 15-14-709 - When power of attorney effective

(1)
A power of attorney is effective when executed unless the principal provides in the power of attorney that it becomes effective at a future date or upon the occurrence of a future event or contingency.
(2)
If a power of attorney becomes effective upon the occurrence of a future event or contingency, the principal, in the power of attorney, may authorize one or more persons to determine in a writing or other record that the event or contingency has occurred.
(3)
If a power of attorney becomes effective upon the principal's incapacity and the principal has not authorized a person to determine whether the principal is incapacitated, or the person authorized is unable or unwilling to make the determination, the power of attorney becomes effective upon a determination in a writing or other record by:
(a)
A physician or licensed psychologist that the principal is incapacitated within the meaning of section
15-14-702(5)(a)
; or
(b)
An attorney-at-law, a judge, or an appropriate governmental official that the principal is incapacitated within the meaning of section
15-14-702(5)(b)
.
(4)
A person authorized by the principal in the power of attorney to determine that the principal is incapacitated may act as the principal's personal representative pursuant to the federal "Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act", sections 1171 to 1179 of the federal "Social Security Act",
42 U.S.C. sec. 1320d
, as amended, and applicable regulations, to obtain access to the principal's health-care information and communicate with the principal's health-care provider.
L. 2009: Entire part added, (HB 09 -1198), ch. 106, p. 388, § 1, effective April 9.
OFFICIAL COMMENT
This section establishes a default rule that a power of attorney is effective when executed. If the principal chooses to create what is commonly known as a "springing" or contingent power of attorney one that becomes effective at a future date or upon a future event or contingency the principal may authorize the agent or someone else to provide written verification that the event or contingency has occurred (subsection (2)). Because the person authorized to verify the principal's incapacitation will likely need access to the principal's health information, subsection (4) qualifies that person to act as the principal's "personal representative" for purposes of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).
See
45 C.F.R. §164.502(g)(1)-(2)
(2006) (providing that for purposes of disclosing an individual's protected health information, "a covered entity must . . . treat a personal representative as the individual"). Section 15-14-709 does not, however, empower the agent to make health-care decisions for the principal.
See
Section
15-14-703
and comment (discussing exclusion from this Act of powers to make health-care decisions).
The default rule reflects a "best practices" philosophy that any agent who can be trusted to act for the principal under a springing power of attorney should be trustworthy enough to hold an immediate power. Survey evidence suggests, however, that a significant number of principals still prefer springing powers, most likely to maintain privacy in the hope that they will never need a surrogate decision maker.
See
Linda S. Whitton,
National Durable Power of Attorney Survey Results and Analysis,
National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, 6-7 (2002),
http://www.law.upenn.edu/bll/ulc/dpoaa/surveyoct2002.htm
(reporting that 23 %of lawyer respondents found their clients preferred springing powers, 61 %reported a preference for immediate powers, and 16 %saw no trend; however, 89 % stated that a power of attorney statute should authorize springing powers).
If the principal's incapacity is the trigger for a springing power of attorney and the principal has not authorized anyone to make that determination, or the authorized person is unable or unwilling to make the determination, this section provides a default mechanism to trigger the power. Incapacity based on the principal's impairment may be verified by a physician or licensed psychologist (subsection (3)(a)), and incapacity based on the principal's unavailability (
i.e.,
the principal is missing, detained, or unable to return to the United States) may be verified by an attorney at law, judge, or an appropriate governmental official (subsection (3)(b)). Examples of appropriate governmental officials who may be in a position to determine that the principal is incapacitated within the meaning of Section
15-14-702(5)(b)
include an officer acting under authority of the United States Department of State or uniformed services of the United States or a sworn federal or state law enforcement officer. The default mechanism for triggering a power of attorney is available only when no incapacity determination has been made. It is not available to challenge the determination made by the principal's authorized designee.