2023 Colorado Revised Statutes › Title 12 - PROFESSIONS AND OCCUPATIONS (§§ 12-1-101 — 12-315-310) › HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONS AND OCCUPATIONS (§§ 12-170-101 — 12-315-310) › Article 215 - CHIROPRACTORS (§§ 12-215-101 — 12-215-202) › Part 1 - REGULATION OF CHIROPRACTORS (§§ 12-215-101 — 12-215-130) › Section 12-215-124 - Professional service corporations, limited liability companies, and registered limited liability partnerships for the practice of chiropractic - definitions

(1)
Persons licensed to practice chiropractic by the board may form professional service corporations for the practice of chiropractic under the "Colorado Business Corporation Act", articles
101
to
117
of title
7
, if the corporations are organized and operated in accordance with the provisions of this section. The articles of incorporation of the corporations shall contain provisions complying with the following requirements:
(a)
The name of the corporation shall contain the words "professional company" or "professional corporation" or abbreviations thereof.
(b)
The corporation shall be organized solely for the purposes of conducting the practice of chiropractic only through persons licensed by the board to practice chiropractic in the state of Colorado.
(c)
The corporation may exercise the powers and privileges conferred upon corporations by the laws of Colorado only in furtherance of and subject to its corporate purpose.
(d)
All shareholders of the corporation shall be persons licensed by the board to practice chiropractic in the state of Colorado, and who at all times own their shares in their own right. They shall be individuals who, except for illness, accident, and time spent in the armed services, on vacations, and on leaves of absence not to exceed one year, are actively engaged in the practice of chiropractic in the offices of the corporation.
(e)
Provisions shall be made requiring any shareholder who ceases to be or for any reason is ineligible to be a shareholder to dispose of all his or her shares forthwith, either to the corporation or to any person having the qualifications described in subsection (1)(d) of this section.
(f)
The president shall be a shareholder and a director, and to the extent possible, all other directors and officers shall be persons having the qualifications described in subsection (1)(d) of this section. Lay directors and officers shall not exercise any authority whatsoever over professional matters.
(g)
The articles of incorporation shall provide, and all shareholders of the corporation shall agree, that all shareholders of the corporation shall be jointly and severally liable for all acts, errors, and omissions of the employees of the corporation, or that all shareholders of the corporation shall be jointly and severally liable for all acts, errors, and omissions of the employees of the corporation except during periods of time when the corporation maintains in good standing professional liability insurance that shall meet the following minimum standards:
(I)
The insurance shall insure the corporation against liability imposed upon the corporation by law for damages resulting from any claim made against the corporation arising out of the performance of professional services for others by those officers and employees of the corporation who are licensed by the board to practice chiropractic.
(II)
The policies shall insure the corporation against liability imposed upon it by law for damages arising out of the acts, errors, and omissions of all nonprofessional employees.
(III)
The insurance shall be in an amount for each claim of at least fifty thousand dollars multiplied by the number of persons licensed to practice chiropractic employed by the corporation. The policy may provide for an aggregate top limit of liability per year for all claims of one hundred fifty thousand dollars also multiplied by the number of persons licensed to practice chiropractic employed by the corporation, but no firm shall be required to carry insurance in excess of three hundred thousand dollars for each claim with an aggregate top limit of liability for all claims during the year of nine hundred thousand dollars.
(IV)
The policy may provide that it does not apply to: Any dishonest, fraudulent, criminal, or malicious act or omission of the insured corporation or any stockholder or employee thereof; the conduct of any business enterprise, as distinguished from the practice of chiropractic, in which the insured corporation under this section is not permitted to engage but that nevertheless may be owned by the insured corporation or in which the insured corporation may be a partner or that may be controlled, operated, or managed by the insured corporation in its own or in a fiduciary capacity, including the ownership, maintenance, or use of any property in connection therewith; when not resulting from breach of professional duty, bodily injury to, or sickness, disease, or death of any person, or to injury to or destruction of any tangible property, including the loss of use thereof; and the policy may contain reasonable provisions with respect to policy periods, territory, claims, conditions, and other usual matters.
(2)
The corporation shall do nothing that, if done by a person licensed to practice chiropractic in the state of Colorado employed by it, would violate the standards of professional conduct as provided for in section
12-215-115
. Any violation by the corporation of this section shall be grounds for the board to terminate or suspend its right to practice chiropractic.
(3)
Nothing in this section shall be deemed to diminish or change the obligation of each person licensed to practice chiropractic employed by the corporation to conduct his or her practice in accordance with the standards of professional conduct provided for in section
12-215-115
. Any person licensed by the board to practice chiropractic who by act or omission causes the corporation to act or fail to act in a way that violates the standards of professional conduct, including any provision of this section, shall be deemed personally responsible for the act or omission and shall be subject to discipline therefor.
(4)
A professional service corporation may adopt a pension, cash profit sharing, deferred profit sharing, health and accident insurance, or welfare plan for all or part of its employees including lay employees if the plan does not require or result in the sharing of specific or identifiable fees with lay employees, and if any payments made to lay employees, or into any such plan in behalf of lay employees, are based upon their compensation or length of service, or both, rather than the amount of fees or income received.
(5)
Except as provided in this section, corporations shall not practice chiropractic.
(6)
As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires:
(a)
"Articles of incorporation" includes operating agreements of limited liability companies and partnership agreements of registered limited liability partnerships.
(b)
"Corporation" includes a limited liability company organized under the "Colorado Limited Liability Company Act", article
80
of title
7
, and a limited liability partnership registered under section
7-60-144
or
7-64-1002
.
(c)
"Director" and "officer" of a corporation includes a member and a manager of a limited liability company and a partner in a registered limited liability partnership.
(d)
"Employees" includes employees, members, and managers of a limited liability company and employees and partners of a registered limited liability partnership.
(e)
"Share" includes a member's rights in a limited liability company and a partner's rights in a registered limited liability partnership.
(f)
"Shareholder" includes a member of a limited liability company and a partner in a registered limited liability partnership.
Renumbered from C.R.S. §
12-33-124
and amended by 2019 Ch. 136, § 1, eff. 10/1/2019.
L. 73: p. 404, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 23-1-25. L. 85: (2) repealed, p. 511, § 10, effective July 1. L. 95: (7) added, p. 812, § 31, effective May 24. L. 97: (7)(b) amended, p. 918, § 12, effective 1/1/1998.
This section is similar to former § 12-33-124 as it existed prior to 2019.