reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-528 - Persons under disability

12-528.
Persons under disability
A. If a person entitled to commence an action for recovery of real property,  or to make any defense founded on the title to real property,  is at the time the adverse possession commences or the title first descends under eighteen years of age or of unsound mind,  the period of such disability shall not be deemed a portion of the time limited for bringing such action or making such defense. Such person shall have the same time,  after the removal of the disability,  which is allowed to others.
B. If a person entitled to commence an action for recovery of real property,  or to make any defense founded on the title to real property,  is at the time the adverse possession commences or the title first descends imprisoned,  the period of such disability shall exist only until such imprisoned person discovers the right to bring the action or make the defense or with the exercise of reasonable diligence should have discovered the right to bring the action or make the defense,  whichever occurs first,  and such person shall have the same time after the disability ceases to exist which is allowed to others.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-529 - Defenses available for certain actions by the state or person claiming through the state

12-529.
Defenses available for certain actions by the state or person claiming through the state
Any action brought by this state or any person claiming through this state for lands,  or for the rents or profits from lands,  based on a claim of navigability of any watercourse,  as defined in section 37-1101,  except the Colorado river,  is subject to all legal and equitable defenses which would be available if the claimant were not this state or a private person or political subdivision of this state claiming through this state.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-531 - Real estate appraiser liability; four-year limitation; exception; definition

12-531.
Real estate appraiser liability;  four-year limitation;  exception;  definition
A. A person who has a cause of action for damages against a real estate appraiser for malpractice,  negligence,  an error,  a mistake,  an omission or a breach in connection with a real estate appraisal or an appraisal-related service,  whether based in contract or tort,  shall commence the action before the earlier of:
1. The expiration of the applicable statute of limitations for the type of claim that is being pursued if the length of time after the report date to the expiration of the statute of limitations does not exceed four years. For the purposes of this paragraph,  " report date"  means the date on which the real estate appraisal giving rise to the action was completed or should have been completed.
2. Four years after the date on which the appraisal-related service giving rise to the action was performed or should have been performed.
B. The statute of limitations prescribed in subsection A of this section does not apply to a claim that alleges that an appraiser knowingly and intentionally committed fraud or knowingly and intentionally made a gross misrepresentation when performing a real estate appraisal or when providing an appraisal-related service.
C. For the purposes of this section,  " real estate appraiser"  means any of the following:
1. A state-licensed appraiser.
2. A state-certified residential appraiser.
3. A state-certified general appraiser.
4. A state-registered trainee appraiser.
5. Any agent,  employee,  employer or firm of a person who is listed in paragraph 1,  2,  3,  or 4 of this subsection.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-541 - Malicious prosecution; false imprisonment; libel or slander; seduction or breach of promise of marriage; breach of employment contract; wrongful termination; liability created by statute; one year limitation

12-541.
Malicious prosecution;  false imprisonment;  libel or slander;  seduction or breach of promise of marriage;  breach of employment contract;  wrongful termination;  liability created by statute;  one year limitation
There shall be commenced and prosecuted within one year after the cause of action accrues,  and not afterward,  the following actions:
1. For malicious prosecution,  or for false imprisonment,  or for injuries done to the character or reputation of another by libel or slander.
2. For damages for seduction or breach of promise of marriage.
3. For breach of an oral or written employment contract including contract actions based on employee handbooks or policy manuals that do not specify a time period in which to bring an action.
4. For damages for wrongful termination.
5. Upon a liability created by statute,  other than a penalty or forfeiture.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-542 - Injury to person; injury when death ensues; injury to property; conversion of property; forcible entry and forcible detainer; two year limitation

12-542.
Injury to person;  injury when death ensues;  injury to property;  conversion of property;  forcible entry and forcible detainer;  two year limitation
Except as provided in section 12-551 there shall be commenced and prosecuted within two years after the cause of action accrues,  and not afterward,  the following actions:
1. For injuries done to the person of another including causes of action for medical malpractice as defined in section 12-561.
2. For injuries done to the person of another when death ensues from such injuries,  which action shall be considered as accruing at the death of the party injured.
3. For trespass for injury done to the estate or the property of another.
4. For taking or carrying away the goods and chattels of another.
5. For detaining the personal property of another and for converting such property to one's own use.
6. For forcible entry or forcible detainer,  which action shall be considered as accruing at the commencement of the forcible entry or detainer.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-543 - Oral debt; stated or open account; relief on ground of fraud or mistake; three year limitation

12-543.
Oral debt;  stated or open account;  relief on ground of fraud or mistake;  three year limitation
There shall be commenced and prosecuted within three years after the cause of action accrues,  and not afterward,  the following actions:
1. For debt where the indebtedness is not evidenced by a contract in writing.
2. Upon stated or open accounts other than such mutual and current accounts as concern the trade of merchandise between merchant and merchant,  their factors or agents,  but no item of a stated or open account shall be barred so long as any item thereof has been incurred within three years immediately prior to the bringing of an action thereon.
3. For relief on the ground of fraud or mistake,  which cause of action shall not be deemed to have accrued until the discovery by the aggrieved party of the facts constituting the fraud or mistake.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-544 - Bond to convey realty; partnership account; account between merchants; judgment or instrument given or made without the state; four year limitation

12-544.
Bond to convey realty;  partnership account;  account between merchants;  judgment or instrument given or made without the state;  four year limitation
There shall be commenced and prosecuted within four years after the cause of action accrues,  and not afterward,  the following actions:
1. For the penalty or for damages on the penal clause of a bond to convey real property.
2. By one partner against his copartner for a settlement of the partnership account,  or upon mutual and current accounts concerning the trade of merchandise between merchant and merchant,  their factors or agents,  and the cause of action shall be considered as having accrued upon a cessation of the dealings in which they were interested together.
3. Upon a judgment or decree of a court rendered without the state,  or upon an instrument in writing executed without the state. This paragraph does not apply to a judgment for support,  as defined in section 25-500,  and to associated costs and attorney fees.
4. An action arising under the provisions of title 47,  chapter 2,  for breach of any contract of sale,  which action shall be governed by section 47-2725,  notwithstanding any other provision of this section or of section 12-543 or 12-548.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-545 - Bond of personal representative or guardian; four year limitation

12-545.
Bond of personal representative or guardian;  four year limitation
An action on the bond of an executor,  administrator or guardian shall be commenced and prosecuted within four years after the death,  resignation,  removal or discharge of such executor,  administrator or guardian,  and not afterward.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-547 - Failure to make return on execution; five year limitation

12-547.
Failure to make return on execution;  five year limitation
When execution has issued and no return is made thereon,  the party in whose favor the execution was issued may proceed against the sheriff or other officer and his sureties for not making return within five years from the day on which it was returnable,  and not afterward.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-548 - Contract in writing for debt; six year limitation; choice of law

12-548.
Contract in writing for debt;  six year limitation;  choice of law
A. An action for debt shall be commenced and prosecuted within six years after the cause of action accrues,  and not afterward,  if the indebtedness is evidenced by or founded on either of the following:
1. A contract in writing that is executed in this state.
2. A credit card as defined in section 13-2101,  paragraph 3,  subdivision (a).
B. If there is a conflict between another jurisdiction and this state relating to the statute of limitations for a debt action as described in subsection A of this section,  this section applies.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-551 - Product liability

12-551.
Product liability
A product liability action as defined in section 12-681 shall be commenced and prosecuted within the period prescribed in section 12-542,  except that no product liability action may be commenced and prosecuted if the cause of action accrues more than twelve years after the product was first sold for use or consumption,  unless the cause of action is based upon the negligence of the manufacturer or seller or a breach of an express warranty provided by the manufacturer or seller.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-553 - Limited liability of equine owners and owners of equine facilities; exception; definitions

12-553.
Limited liability of equine owners and owners of equine facilities;  exception;  definitions
A. An equine owner or an agent of an equine owner who regardless of consideration allows another person to take control of an equine is not liable for an injury to or the death of the person if:
1. The person has taken control of the equine from the owner or agent when the injury or death occurs.
2. The person or the parent or legal guardian of the person if the person is under eighteen years of age has signed a release before taking control of the equine.
3. The owner or agent has properly installed suitable tack or equipment or the person has personally tacked the equine with tack the person owned,  leased or borrowed. If the person has personally tacked the equine,  the person assumes full responsibility for the suitability,  installation and condition of the tack.
4. The owner or agent assigns the person to a suitable equine based on a reasonable interpretation of the person's representation of his skills,  health and experience with and knowledge of equines.
B. Subsection A does not apply to an equine owner or agent of the equine owner who is grossly negligent or commits wilful,  wanton or intentional acts or omissions.
C. An owner,  lessor or agent of any riding stable,  rodeo ground,  training or boarding stable or other private property that is used by a rider or handler of an equine with or without the owner's permission is not liable for injury to or death of the equine or the rider or handler.
D. Subsection C does not apply to an owner,  lessor or agent of any riding stable,  rodeo ground,  training or boarding stable or other private property that is used by a rider or handler of an equine if either of the following applies:
1. The owner,  lessor or agent knows or should know that a hazardous condition exists and the owner,  lessor or agent fails to disclose the hazardous condition to a rider or handler of an equine.
2. The owner,  lessor or agent is grossly negligent or commits wilful,  wanton or intentional acts or omissions.
E. As used in this section:
1. " Equine"  means a horse,  pony,  mule,  donkey or ass.
2. " Release"  means a document that a person signs before taking control of an equine from the owner or owner's agent and that acknowledges that the person is aware of the inherent risks associated with equine activities,  is willing and able to accept full responsibility for his own safety and welfare and releases the equine owner or agent from liability unless the equine owner or agent is grossly negligent or commits wilful,  wanton or intentional acts or omissions.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-554 - Limited liability; baseball facilities; definitions

12-554.
Limited liability;  baseball facilities;  definitions
A. An owner is not liable for injuries to spectators who are struck by baseballs,  baseball bats or other equipment used by players during a baseball game unless the owner either:
1. Does not provide protective seating that is reasonably sufficient to satisfy expected requests.
2. Intentionally injures a spectator.
B. This section does not prevent or limit the liability of an owner who fails to maintain the premises of the baseball stadium in a reasonably safe condition.
C. This section does not create an independent duty of care for a registered design professional or licensed contractor.
D. A registered design professional or a licensed contractor who is involved in the design,  construction or operation of the facility is not liable for injuries to spectators who are struck by baseballs,  baseball bats or other equipment used by players during a baseball game unless a registered design professional or a licensed contractor either:
1. Does not provide for protective seating that is reasonably sufficient to satisfy expected requests.
2. Intentionally injures a spectator.
E. This section does not prevent or limit liability of a registered design professional or a licensed contractor who fails to design,  construct or operate the premises of the baseball stadium in a reasonably safe condition or manner.
F. As used in this section:
1. " Baseball game"  means an amateur or professional baseball game,  whether for exhibition or competition. Baseball game includes pregame and postgame activities regardless of the time of day when the game is played.
2. " Owner"  means a person,  city,  town,  county,  special district,  limited liability company,  school district,  community college district,  college or university that is in lawful possession and control of a baseball team or facility in which baseball games are played. Owner includes an employee or agent of the owner.
3. " Protective seating"  means either:
(a) An area in which a screen to prevent a ball or bat from entering the seating area exists between the spectator and the playing field.
(b) An area that is reasonably safe for the avoidance of injuries from baseballs,  baseball bats or other equipment used by players during a baseball game.
4. " Spectator"  means a person who is present at a baseball game for the purpose of observing the game,  whether or not the person pays an admission fee or is compensated to observe the game.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-555 - Uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage; claims; time limits

12-555.
Uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage;  claims;  time limits
A. An insurer is not liable for uninsured motorist coverage benefits unless the person making the claim gives written notice to the insurer of the person's intent to pursue the claim against the uninsured motorist portion of a motor vehicle policy within three years after the date of the accident that caused the bodily injury,  except that a person may make an uninsured motorist claim within three years after the earliest of the following:
1. The date the person knew that the tortfeasor was uninsured.
2. The date the person knows or should have known that coverage was denied by the tortfeasor's insurer.
3. The date the person knows or should have known of the insolvency of the tortfeasor's insurer.
B. An insurer is not liable for underinsured motorist coverage benefits unless the person making the claim gives written notice to the insurer of the person's intent to pursue the claim against the underinsured motorist portion of a motor vehicle policy within three years after the date of the accident that caused the bodily injury and the person has made a claim with the tortfeasor's insurer or filed an action against the tortfeasor within the time limits prescribed by section 12-542 or within the corresponding limitation period provided under the law of the location where the accident occurred. Notwithstanding this subsection,  a person may make an underinsured motorist claim within three years after the date the person knows or should have known that the tortfeasor has insufficient liability insurance to cover the person's injuries.
C. If settlement of an uninsured or underinsured motorist claim is not reached:
1. The insurer shall provide written notice to the person at the last known address on record with the insurer by first class mail,  within two years after receiving the written notice prescribed in subsection A or B of this section,  that the person must request arbitration or file suit pursuant to the terms of the insurance contract within three years after providing the written notice prescribed in subsection A or B of this section or the insurer is not liable for uninsured motorist coverage benefits or underinsured motorist coverage benefits.
2. A person shall request arbitration or file suit pursuant to the terms of the insurance contract within three years after providing the written notice prescribed in subsection A or B of this section. If the person does not comply with this paragraph,  the insurer is not liable for uninsured motorist coverage benefits or underinsured motorist coverage benefits.
D. An insurer shall bring an action for subrogation and reimbursement pursuant to section 20-259.01 within two years after the date the insurer first makes payment to the insured under the uninsured motorist coverage.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-557 - Possessors of land; limited liability for trespasser harm

12-557.
Possessors of land;  limited liability for trespasser harm
A. A possessor of real property,  including an owner,  easement holder,  lessee,  renter or other occupant,  does not owe a duty of care to a trespasser except to refrain from causing intentional,  wilful or wanton injury.
B. This section does not establish or increase the liability of any possessor of real property and does not affect any immunities from or defenses to liability established by statute or available at common law to which a possessor of real property may be entitled.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-558.01 - Actions related to the lawful discharge of a firearm; burden of proof; attorney fees and costs

12-558.01.
Actions related to the lawful discharge of a firearm;  burden of proof;  attorney fees and costs
A. Notwithstanding any other law,  the otherwise lawful discharge of a firearm or air gun or the use of archery equipment may not be enjoined except by:
1. An action maintained by the attorney general to abate a public nuisance pursuant to section 13-2917.
2. A private nuisance cause of action or an action based on negligence that is filed by a person who is occupying a permanent residence that is located within one-fourth mile of the location of the discharge or use.
B. The burden of proof is clear and convincing evidence in an action that is filed pursuant to subsection A of this section or in an action for damages that is based on negligence in the otherwise lawful discharge of a firearm or air gun or the use of archery equipment on a private lot or parcel of land that is not open to the public on a commercial or membership basis and that is filed by a person who was not lawfully present at the same private lot or parcel of land at the time that the alleged discharge occurred.
C. The prevailing party in an action filed pursuant to this section,  except an officer or entity of this state,  shall recover reasonable attorney fees and costs.
D. In an action alleging damages from the loss of property value due to the otherwise lawful discharge of a firearm or air gun or the use of archery equipment on a private lot or parcel of land that belongs to another person,  the lost value shall be proven by clear and convincing evidence.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-558.02 - Limited liability; removing minor or confined animal from motor vehicle; definition

12-558.02.
Limited liability;  removing minor or confined animal from motor vehicle;  definition
A. A person who uses reasonable force to enter a locked and unattended motor vehicle to remove a minor or confined domestic animal is not liable for any damages in a civil action if all of the following apply:
1. The person has a good faith belief that the minor or confined domestic animal is in imminent danger of suffering physical injury or death unless the minor or domestic animal is removed from the motor vehicle.
2. The person determines that the motor vehicle is locked or there is no reasonable manner in which the person can remove the minor or domestic animal from the vehicle.
3. Before entering the motor vehicle,  the person notifies a peace officer,  emergency medical service provider or first responder or an animal control enforcement agency or deputy,  if appropriate,  of the minor or confined domestic animal.
4. The person does not use more force than is necessary under the circumstances to enter the motor vehicle and remove the minor or domestic animal from the vehicle.
5. The person remains with the minor or domestic animal until the person who is contacted as prescribed in paragraph 3 of this subsection arrives at the motor vehicle.
B. A person is not immune from civil liability if the person fails to abide by any of the provisions of subsection A of this section and commits any unnecessary or malicious damage to the motor vehicle.
C. For the purposes of this section,  " domestic animal"  means a dog,  a cat or another animal that is domesticated and kept as a household pet.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-559 - Definitions

12-559.
Definitions
In this article,  unless the context otherwise requires:
1. " Asbestos claim"  means any claim,  wherever or whenever made,  for damages,  losses,  indemnification,  contribution or other relief arising out of,  based on or in any way related to asbestos including:
(a) The health effects of exposure to asbestos including a claim for:
(i) Personal injury or death.
(ii) Mental or emotional injury.
(iii) Risk of disease or other injury.
(iv) The costs of medical monitoring or surveillance.
(b) Any claim made by or on behalf of any person exposed to asbestos or a representative or a spouse,  parent,  child or other relative of the person.
(c) Any claim for damage or loss caused by the installation,  presence,  or removal of asbestos.
2. " Corporation"  means a corporation for profit,  including a domestic corporation organized under the laws of this state or a foreign corporation organized under laws other than the laws of this state.
3. " Successor"  means a corporation that assumes or incurs or has assumed or incurred successor asbestos-related liabilities,  that is a successor and that became a successor before January 1,  1972 or is any of that successor corporation's successors.
4. " Successor asbestos-related liabilities"  means any liabilities,  whether known or unknown,  asserted or unasserted,  absolute or contingent,  accrued or nonaccrued,  liquidated or nonliquidated or due or to become due,  that are related in any way to asbestos claims and that were assumed or incurred by a corporation as a result of or in connection with a merger or consolidation,  or the plan of merger or consolidation related to the merger or consolidation with or into another corporation,  or that are related in any way to asbestos claims based on the exercise of control or the ownership of stock of the corporation before the merger or consolidation. Successor asbestos-related liabilities includes liabilities that,  after the time of the merger or consolidation for which the fair market value of total gross assets is determined pursuant to section 12-559.02,  were or are paid or otherwise discharged,  or committed to be paid or otherwise discharged,  by or on behalf of the corporation,  by a successor of the corporation or by or on behalf of a transferor,  in connection with settlements,  judgments or other discharges in this state or another jurisdiction.
5. " Transferor"  means a corporation from which successor asbestos-related liabilities are or were assumed or incurred.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-559.01 - Asbestos-related actions; successor corporation liability; applicability

12-559.01.
Asbestos-related actions;  successor corporation liability;  applicability
A. Except as provided in subsection B of this section,  the cumulative successor asbestos-related liabilities of a successor corporation are limited to the fair market value of the total gross assets of the transferor determined as of the time of the merger or consolidation. The successor corporation does not have responsibility for successor asbestos-related liabilities in excess of this limitation.
B. If the transferor assumed or incurred successor asbestos-related liabilities in connection with a prior merger or consolidation with a prior transferor,  the fair market value of the total assets of the prior transferor determined as of the time of the earlier merger or consolidation shall be substituted for the limitation under subsection A of this section to determine the limitation of liability of a successor corporation.
C. This section does not apply to any of the following:
1. Workers' compensation benefits paid by or on behalf of an employer to an employee pursuant to title 23,  chapter 6 or a comparable workers' compensation law of another jurisdiction.
2. Any claim against a corporation that does not constitute a successor asbestos-related liability.
3. Any obligation under the national labor relations act or under any collective bargaining agreement.
4. A successor that,  after a merger or consolidation,  continued in the business of mining asbestos or in the business of selling or distributing asbestos fibers or in the business of manufacturing,  distributing,  removing or installing asbestos-containing products that were the same or substantially the same as those products previously manufactured,  distributed,  removed or installed by the transferor.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-559.02 - Establishing the fair market value of total gross assets

12-559.02.
Establishing the fair market value of total gross assets
A. To determine the limitation pursuant to section 12-559.01,  a successor corporation may establish the fair market value of total gross assets through any method reasonable under the circumstances,  including either of the following:
1. By reference to the going concern value of the assets or to the purchase price attributable to or paid for the assets in an arms length transaction.
2. In the absence of other readily available information from which the fair market value can be determined,  by reference to the value of the assets recorded on a balance sheet.
B. Total gross assets include intangible assets.
C. To the extent total gross assets include any liability insurance that was issued to the transferor whose assets are being valued for the purposes of this section,  the applicability,  terms,  conditions and limits of that insurance are not affected by this section,  and this section does not affect the rights and obligations of an insurer,  transferor or successor under any insurance contract and any related agreements,  including preenactment settlements resolving coverage-related disputes,  or the rights of an insurer to seek payment for applicable deductibles,  retrospective premiums or self-insured retentions or to seek contribution from a successor for uninsured or self-insured periods or periods where insurance is uncollectible or otherwise unavailable. Notwithstanding this subsection,  to the extent that total gross assets include liability insurance,  a settlement of a dispute concerning that liability insurance coverage that is entered into by a transferor or successor with the insurers of the transferor before the effective date of this section determines the total coverage of that liability insurance to be included in the calculation of the transferor's total gross assets.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-559.03 - Adjustment of the fair market value of total gross assets

12-559.03.
Adjustment of the fair market value of total gross assets
A. Except as provided in subsections B,  C and D of this section,  the fair market value of total gross assets at the time of the merger or consolidation shall increase annually at a rate equal to the sum of the following:
1. The prime rate as listed in the first edition of the wall street journal published for each calendar year since the merger or consolidation,  unless the prime rate is not published in that edition of the wall street journal,  in which case any reasonable determination of the prime rate on the first day of the year may be used.
2. One per cent.
B. The rate found in subsection A of this section shall not be compounded.
C. The adjustment of the fair market value of total gross assets shall continue as provided in subsection A of this section until the date the adjusted value is first exceeded by the cumulative amounts of successor asbestos-related liabilities that are paid or committed to be paid by or on behalf of the successor corporation or a predecessor or by or on behalf of a transferor after the time of the merger or consolidation for which the fair market value of total gross assets is determined.
D. No adjustment of the fair market value of total gross assets shall be applied to any liability insurance that may be included in the total gross assets pursuant to section 12-559.02,  subsection C.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-561 - Definitions

12-561.
Definitions
In this chapter,  unless the context otherwise requires:
1. " Licensed health care provider"  means both:
(a) A person,  corporation or institution licensed or certified by the state to provide health care,  medical services,  nursing services or other health-related services and includes the officers,  employees and agents thereof working under the supervision of such person,  corporation or institution in providing such health care,  medical services,  nursing services or other health-related services.
(b) A federally licensed,  regulated or registered blood bank,  blood center or plasma center collecting,  processing or distributing whole human blood,  blood components,  plasma,  blood fractions or blood derivatives for use by a licensed health care provider and includes the officers,  employees and agents working under the supervision of the blood bank,  blood center or plasma center.
2. " Medical malpractice action"  or " cause of action for medical malpractice"  means an action for injury or death against a licensed health care provider based upon such provider's alleged negligence,  misconduct,  errors or omissions,  or breach of contract in the rendering of health care,  medical services,  nursing services or other health-related services or for the rendering of such health care,  medical services,  nursing services or other health-related services,  without express or implied consent including an action based upon the alleged negligence,  misconduct,  errors or omissions or breach of contract in collecting,  processing or distributing whole human blood,  blood components,  plasma,  blood fractions or blood derivatives.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-562 - Medical malpractice actions; grounds

12-562.
Medical malpractice actions;  grounds
A. A medical malpractice action shall not be brought against a licensed health care provider except upon the grounds set forth in section 12-561.
B. A medical malpractice action brought against a licensed health care provider shall not be based upon assault and battery.
C. A medical malpractice action based upon breach of contract for professional services shall not be brought unless such contract is in writing.
D. A medical malpractice action brought against a physician licensed pursuant to title 32,  chapter 13 or 17,  a podiatrist licensed pursuant to title 32,  chapter 7,  a registered nurse practitioner licensed pursuant to title 32,  chapter 15 or a physician assistant licensed pursuant to title 32,  chapter 25 regarding services provided within that person's scope of practice shall not be based on the neglect,  abuse or exploitation of a vulnerable adult,  except as provided in section 46-455.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-563 - Necessary elements of proof

12-563.
Necessary elements of proof
Both of the following shall be necessary elements of proof that injury resulted from the failure of a health care provider to follow the accepted standard of care:
1. The health care provider failed to exercise that degree of care,  skill and learning expected of a reasonable,  prudent health care provider in the profession or class to which he belongs within the state acting in the same or similar circumstances.
2. Such failure was a proximate cause of the injury.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-564 - Qualified immunity; students; duty of care

12-564.
Qualified immunity;  students;  duty of care
A. A student who is in an educational or training program of a certified,  accredited or state approved postsecondary institution that prepares students for licensing as a health care provider is not liable in a medical malpractice action for injury that occurs during or as a result of care that is provided while the student is in the program and under the supervision of a licensed health care provider unless gross negligence is established by clear and convincing evidence.
B. A student who is in an educational or training program of a certified,  accredited or state approved postsecondary institution that prepares students for licensing as a health care provider does not owe an independent duty of care to a patient if the student is participating in patient care under the supervision of a licensed health care provider.
C. This section does not eliminate any responsibility of the supervising licensed health care provider for the student's actions.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-565 - Health care actions; collateral source evidence

12-565.
Health care actions;  collateral source evidence
A. In any medical malpractice action against a licensed health care provider,  the defendant may introduce evidence of any amount or other benefit which is or will be payable as a benefit to the plaintiff as a result of the injury or death pursuant to the United States social security act,  any state or federal workers' compensation act,  any disability,  health,  sickness,  life,  income-disability or accident insurance that provides health benefits or income-disability coverage and any other contract or agreement of any group,  organization,  partnership,  or corporation to provide,  pay for,  or reimburse the cost of income-disability or medical,  hospital,  dental or other health care services to establish that any cost,  expense,  or loss claimed by the plaintiff as a result of the injury or death is subject to reimbursement or indemnification from such collateral sources. Where the defendant elects to introduce such evidence,  the plaintiff may introduce evidence of any amount which the plaintiff has paid or contributed to secure his right to any such benefits or that recovery from the defendant is subject to a lien or that a provider of such collateral benefits has a statutory right of recovery against the plaintiff as reimbursement for such benefits or that the provider of such benefits has a right of subrogation to the rights of the plaintiff in the medical malpractice action.
B. Evidence introduced pursuant to this section shall be admissible for the purpose of considering the damages claimed by the plaintiff and shall be accorded such weight as the trier of the facts chooses to give it.
C. Unless otherwise expressly permitted to do so by statute,  no provider of collateral benefits,  as described in subsection A,  shall recover any amount against the plaintiff as reimbursement for such benefits nor shall such provider be subrogated to the rights of the plaintiff.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-566 - Health care actions; complaint; specific amount of damages not to be stated

12-566.
Health care actions;  complaint;  specific amount of damages not to be stated
In any medical malpractice action against a licensed health care provider,  no dollar amount or figure shall be included in the complaint,  but the complaint may include a statement reciting that the minimum jurisdictional amount established for filing the action is satisfied.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-567 - Civil fertility fraud; liability; statute of limitations; definitions

12-567.
Civil fertility fraud;  liability;  statute of limitations;  definitions
A. A woman who gives birth to a child after being treated for infertility by a physician,  the spouse of the woman,  the surviving spouse of the woman or the child born as a result of the actions of a physician described in this section may bring an action against a licensed health care provider who knowingly or intentionally treated the woman for infertility by using the licensed health care provider's own spermatozoon or ovum without the patient's informed written consent to treatment using that spermatozoon or ovum.
B. A donor of human reproductive material may bring an action against a licensed health care provider who treats a patient for infertility by using human reproductive material donated by the donor and who knows or reasonably should have known that the donor's human reproductive material was used either:
1. Without the donor's consent.
2. In a manner or to an extent other than that to which the donor consented.
C. A plaintiff who prevails in an action under this section is entitled to reasonable attorney fees,  the costs of the fertility treatment if the action is brought under subsection A of this section,  and either:
1. Compensatory and punitive damages.
2. Liquidated damages of $10, 000.
D. A person who brings an action under subsection A of this section has a separate cause of action for each child born as the result of the fraudulent fertility treatment. A person who brings an action under subsection B of this section has a separate cause of action for each individual who received fertility treatment with the donor's human reproductive material.
E. Notwithstanding any other law and except as provided in subsection F of this section,  an action for civil fertility fraud must be commenced not later than:
1. Ten years after the eighteenth birthday of the child.
2. If paragraph 1 of this subsection does not apply,  twenty years after the procedure was performed.
F. An action for civil fertility fraud that would otherwise be barred under subsection E of this section may be commenced not later than five years after the earliest of the date that:
1. The person first discovers evidence sufficient to bring an action against the defendant through DNA analysis.
2. The person first becomes aware of the existence of a recording that provides evidence sufficient to bring an action against the defendant.
3. The defendant confesses to the offense.
G. For the purposes of this section:
1. " Human reproductive material"  means a human spermatozoon or ovum or a human organism at any stage of development from fertilized ovum to embryo.
2. " Physician"  means a person who is licensed pursuant to title 32,  chapter 13 or 17.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-568 - Review of attorneys' fees in health care actions; guidelines

12-568.
Review of attorneys' fees in health care actions;  guidelines
A. The court shall,  at the request of any party in any action under this chapter,  determine the reasonableness of each party's attorneys' fees. The court shall take into consideration the following:
1. The time and labor required,  the novelty and difficulty of the questions involved and the skill requisite to perform the legal services properly.
2. The likelihood,  if apparent to the client,  that the acceptance of the particular employment will preclude other employment by the lawyer.
3. The fee customarily charged in the locality for similar legal services.
4. The amount involved and the results obtained.
5. The time limitations imposed by the client or by the circumstances.
6. The nature and length of the professional relationship with the client.
7. The experience,  reputation and ability of the lawyer or lawyers performing the services.
8. Whether the fee is fixed or contingent.
B. In the event that any party requests a determination of the reasonableness of a party's attorneys' fees pursuant to subsection A,  the court shall complete such determination within twenty days of the request.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-569 - Non-admissibility of certain types of evidence relating to professional liability insurance

12-569.
Non-admissibility of certain types of evidence relating to professional liability insurance
During the trial of a medical malpractice action against a licensed health care provider or during the course of any hearing or review conducted pursuant to section 12-567,  evidence that any party or that any witness testifying in such trial,  hearing,  or review proceeding has been or is covered by a professional liability insurance policy issued by a health care insurer established pursuant to title 20,  chapter 7,  article 2 or that such party or witness has a financial interest in the operation of such a health care insurer arising as a result of the ownership of stock,  a policy or policies of insurance,  notes,  including contributed surplus notes,  any other evidence of indebtedness,  or otherwise,  shall not be received in evidence for any purpose.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-570 - Malpractice settlement or award reporting; civil penalty; definition

12-570.
Malpractice settlement or award reporting;  civil penalty;  definition
A. If a medical malpractice action or an action brought under section 46-455 against a nursing care institution is settled or a court enters a monetary judgment:
1. The professional liability insurers shall provide the defendant's health profession regulatory board with all information required to be filed with the national practitioner data bank pursuant to Public Law 99-660. In the case of an action brought under section 46-455 against a nursing care institution,  the information shall be provided to the department of health services.
2. The plaintiff's attorney shall provide the defendant's health profession regulatory board,  or,  in the case of an action brought against a nursing care institution,  the department of health services,  with the notice described in subsection B of this section,  a copy of the complaint and a copy of either the agreed terms of settlement or the judgment. The attorney shall provide this notice and these documents within thirty days after a settlement is reached or a judgment is entered.
B. The notice required by subsection A of this section shall contain the following information:
1. The name and address of each defendant.
2. The name,  date of birth and address of each plaintiff.
3. The date and location of the occurrence which created the claim.
4. A statement specifying the nature of the occurrence resulting in the malpractice action.
5. A copy of all expert witness depositions,  a transcript of all expert witness court testimony or a written evaluation of the case by an expert witness.
C. The notice required by subsection A of this section is not discoverable and not admissible as evidence.
D. An attorney who does not supply the information required by subsections A and B of this section within thirty days after the notice of settlement or judgment is due under subsection A of this section is subject to a civil penalty of five hundred dollars.
E. A confidentiality clause in a settlement agreement does not apply to the reporting requirements of this section.
F. For the purposes of this section,  " health profession regulatory board"  has the same meaning prescribed in section 32-3201.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 12 - Courts and Civil Proceedings › § 12-571 - Qualified immunity; health professionals; nonprofit clinics; previously owned prescription eyeglasses

12-571.
Qualified immunity;  health professionals;  nonprofit clinics;  previously owned prescription eyeglasses
A. A health professional as defined in section 32-3201 or a health professional who meets the requirements of section 32-3217 and who provides medical,  optometric or dental treatment,  care or screening within the scope of the health professional's certificate or license at a nonprofit clinic where neither the professional nor the nonprofit clinic receives compensation for any treatment,  care or screening provided at the nonprofit clinic is not liable in a medical malpractice action,  unless the health professional was grossly negligent. For the purposes of this subsection,  " nonprofit clinic"  includes a clinic,  an office,  a homeless or other shelter,  a health or screening fair or any other setting where treatment,  care or screening is provided at no cost to the patient.
B. A health professional who,  within the professional's scope of practice,  provides previously owned prescription eyeglasses free of charge through a charitable,  nonprofit or fraternal organization is not liable for an injury to the recipient if the recipient or the recipient's parent or legal guardian has signed a medical malpractice release form and the injury is not a direct result of the health professional's intentional misconduct or gross negligence. For the purposes of this subsection,  " medical malpractice release form"  means a document that the recipient or the recipient's parent or legal guardian signs before the recipient receives eyeglasses pursuant to this subsection to acknowledge that the eyeglasses were not made specifically for the recipient and to accept full responsibility for the recipient's eye safety.