reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 5 - Methods and Sequence of Discovery › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 2019.020.

2019.020. (a) Except as otherwise provided by a rule of the Judicial Council, a local court rule, or a local uniform written policy, the methods of discovery may be used in any sequence, and the fact that a party is conducting discovery, whether by deposition or another method, shall not operate to delay the discovery of any other party.
(b) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), on motion and for good cause shown, the court may establish the sequence and timing of discovery for the convenience of parties and witnesses and in the interests of justice.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 5 - Methods and Sequence of Discovery › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 2019.030.

2019.030. (a) The court shall restrict the frequency or extent of use of a discovery method provided in Section 2019.010 if it determines either of the following:
(1) The discovery sought is unreasonably cumulative or duplicative, or is obtainable from some other source that is more convenient, less burdensome, or less expensive.
(2) The selected method of discovery is unduly burdensome or expensive, taking into account the needs of the case, the amount in controversy, and the importance of the issues at stake in the litigation.
(b) The court may make these determinations pursuant to a motion for a protective order by a party or other affected person. This motion shall be accompanied by a meet and confer declaration under Section 2016.040.
(c) The court shall impose a monetary sanction under Chapter 7 (commencing with Section 2023.010) against any party, person, or attorney who unsuccessfully makes or opposes a motion for a protective order, unless it finds that the one subject to the sanction acted with substantial justification or that other circumstances make the imposition of the sanction unjust.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 5 - Methods and Sequence of Discovery › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 2019.040.

2019.040. (a) When any method of discovery permits the production, inspection, copying, testing, or sampling of documents or tangible things, that method shall also permit the production, inspection, copying, testing, or sampling of electronically stored information.
(b) All procedures available under this title to compel, prevent, or limit the production, inspection, copying, testing, or sampling of documents or tangible things shall be available to compel, prevent, or limit the production, inspection, copying, testing, or sampling of electronically stored information.
(Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 72, Sec. 14. (SB 1574) Effective January 1, 2013.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 5 - Methods and Sequence of Discovery › ARTICLE 2 - Methods and Sequence of Discovery in Specific Contexts › Section 2019.210.

2019.210. In any action alleging the misappropriation of a trade secret under the Uniform Trade Secrets Act (Title 5 (commencing with Section 3426) of Part 1 of Division 4 of the Civil Code), before commencing discovery relating to the trade secret, the party alleging the misappropriation shall identify the trade secret with reasonable particularity subject to any orders that may be appropriate under Section 3426.5 of the Civil Code.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 6 - Nonparty Discovery › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 2020.010.

2020.010. (a) Any of the following methods may be used to obtain discovery within the state from a person who is not a party to the action in which the discovery is sought:
(1) An oral deposition under Chapter 9 (commencing with Section 2025.010).
(2) A written deposition under Chapter 11 (commencing with Section 2028.010).
(3) A deposition for production of business records and things under Article 4 (commencing with Section 2020.410) or Article 5 (commencing with Section 2020.510).
(b) Except as provided in subdivision (a) of Section 2025.280, the process by which a nonparty is required to provide discovery is a deposition subpoena.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 6 - Nonparty Discovery › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 2020.020.

2020.020. A deposition subpoena may command any of the following:
(a) Only the attendance and the testimony of the deponent, under Article 3 (commencing with Section 2020.310).
(b) Only the production of business records for copying, under Article 4 (commencing with Section 2020.410).
(c) The attendance and the testimony of the deponent, as well as the production of business records, other documents, electronically stored information, and tangible things, under Article 5 (commencing with Section 2020.510).
(Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 72, Sec. 15. (SB 1574) Effective January 1, 2013.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 6 - Nonparty Discovery › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 2020.030.

2020.030. Except as modified in this chapter, the provisions of Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 1985) of Title 3 of Part 4 of this code, and of Article 4 (commencing with Section 1560) of Chapter 2 of Division 11 of the Evidence Code, apply to a deposition subpoena.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 6 - Nonparty Discovery › ARTICLE 2 - Procedures Applicable to All Types of Deposition Subpoenas › Section 2020.210.

2020.210. (a) The clerk of the court in which the action is pending shall issue a deposition subpoena signed and sealed, but otherwise in blank, to a party requesting it, who shall fill it in before service.
(b) Instead of a court-issued deposition subpoena, an attorney of record for any party may sign and issue a deposition subpoena. A deposition subpoena issued under this subdivision need not be sealed. A copy may be served on the nonparty, and the attorney may retain the original.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 6 - Nonparty Discovery › ARTICLE 2 - Procedures Applicable to All Types of Deposition Subpoenas › Section 2020.230.

2020.230. (a) If a deposition subpoena requires the personal attendance of the deponent, under Article 3 (commencing with Section 2020.310) or Article 5 (commencing with Section 2020.510), the party noticing the deposition shall pay to the deponent in cash or by check the same witness fee and mileage required by Chapter 1 (commencing with Section 68070) of Title 8 of the Government Code for attendance and testimony before the court in which the action is pending. This payment, whether or not demanded by the deponent, shall be made, at the option of the party noticing the deposition, either at the time of service of the deposition subpoena, or at the time the deponent attends for the taking of testimony.
(b) Service of a deposition subpoena that does not require the personal attendance of a custodian of records or other qualified person, under Article 4 (commencing with Section 2020.410), shall be accompanied, whether or not demanded by the deponent, by a payment in cash or by check of the witness fee required by paragraph (6) of subdivision (b) of Section 1563 of the Evidence Code.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 6 - Nonparty Discovery › ARTICLE 2 - Procedures Applicable to All Types of Deposition Subpoenas › Section 2020.240.

2020.240. A deponent who disobeys a deposition subpoena in any manner described in subdivision (c) of Section 2020.220 may be punished for contempt under Chapter 7 (commencing with Section 2023.010) without the necessity of a prior order of court directing compliance by the witness. The deponent is also subject to the forfeiture and the payment of damages set forth in Section 1992.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 6 - Nonparty Discovery › ARTICLE 3 - Subpoena Commanding Only Attendance and Testimony of the Deponent › Section 2020.310.

2020.310. The following rules apply to a deposition subpoena that commands only the attendance and the testimony of the deponent:
(a) The subpoena shall specify the time when and the place where the deponent is commanded to attend the deposition.
(b) The subpoena shall set forth a summary of all of the following:
(1) The nature of a deposition.
(2) The rights and duties of the deponent.
(3) The penalties for disobedience of a deposition subpoena, as described in Section 2020.240.
(c) If the deposition will be recorded using audio or video technology by, or at the direction of, the noticing party under Section 2025.340, the subpoena shall state that it will be recorded in that manner.
(d) If the deposition testimony will be conducted using instant visual display, the subpoena shall state that it will be conducted in that manner.
(e) If the deponent is an organization, the subpoena shall describe with reasonable particularity the matters on which examination is requested. The subpoena shall also advise the organization of its duty to make the designation of employees or agents who will attend the deposition, as described in Section 2025.230.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 6 - Nonparty Discovery › ARTICLE 4 - Subpoena Commanding Only Production of Business Records for Copying › Section 2020.410.

2020.410. (a) A deposition subpoena that commands only the production of business records for copying shall designate the business records to be produced either by specifically describing each individual item or by reasonably particularizing each category of item, and shall specify the form in which any electronically stored information is to be produced, if a particular form is desired.
(b) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), specific information identifiable only to the deponent’s records system, like a policy number or the date when a consumer interacted with the witness, is not required.
(c) A deposition subpoena that commands only the production of business records for copying need not be accompanied by an affidavit or declaration showing good cause for the production of the business records designated in it. It shall be directed to the custodian of those records or another person qualified to certify the records. It shall command compliance in accordance with Section 2020.430 on a date that is no earlier than 20 days after the issuance, or 15 days after the service, of the deposition subpoena, whichever date is later.
(d) If, under Section 1985.3 or 1985.6, the one to whom the deposition subpoena is directed is a witness, and the business records described in the deposition subpoena are personal records pertaining to a consumer, the service of the deposition subpoena shall be accompanied either by a copy of the proof of service of the notice to the consumer described in subdivision (e) of Section 1985.3, or subdivision (b) of Section 1985.6, as applicable, or by the consumer’s written authorization to release personal records described in paragraph (2) of subdivision (c) of Section 1985.3, or paragraph (2) of subdivision (c) of Section 1985.6, as applicable.
(Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 72, Sec. 17. (SB 1574) Effective January 1, 2013.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 6 - Nonparty Discovery › ARTICLE 4 - Subpoena Commanding Only Production of Business Records for Copying › Section 2020.420.

2020.420. The officer for a deposition seeking discovery only of business records for copying under this article shall be a professional photocopier registered under Chapter 20 (commencing with Section 22450) of Division 8 of the Business and Professions Code, or a person exempted from the registration requirements of that chapter under Section 22451 of the Business and Professions Code. This deposition officer shall not be financially interested in the action, or a relative or employee of any attorney of the parties. Any objection to the qualifications of the deposition officer is waived unless made before the date of production or as soon thereafter as the ground for that objection becomes known or could be discovered by reasonable diligence.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 6 - Nonparty Discovery › ARTICLE 4 - Subpoena Commanding Only Production of Business Records for Copying › Section 2020.430.

2020.430. (a) Except as provided in subdivision (e), if a deposition subpoena commands only the production of business records for copying, the custodian of the records or other qualified person shall, in person, by messenger, or by mail, deliver both of the following only to the deposition officer specified in the subpoena:
(1) A true, legible, and durable copy of the records.
(2) An affidavit in compliance with Section 1561 of the Evidence Code.
(b) If the delivery required by subdivision (a) is made to the office of the deposition officer, the records shall be enclosed, sealed, and directed as described in subdivision (c) of Section 1560 of the Evidence Code.
(c) If the delivery required by subdivision (a) is made at the office of the business whose records are the subject of the deposition subpoena, the custodian of those records or other qualified person shall do one of the following:
(1) Permit the deposition officer specified in the deposition subpoena to make a copy of the originals of the designated business records during normal business hours, as defined in subdivision (e) of Section 1560 of the Evidence Code.
(2) Deliver to the deposition officer a true, legible, and durable copy of the records on receipt of payment in cash or by check, by or on behalf of the party serving the deposition subpoena, of the reasonable costs of preparing that copy, together with an itemized statement of the cost of preparation, as determined under subdivision (b) of Section 1563 of the Evidence Code. This copy need not be delivered in a sealed envelope.
(d) Unless the parties, and if the records are those of a consumer as defined in Section 1985.3 or 1985.6, the consumer, stipulate to an earlier date, the custodian of the records shall not deliver to the deposition officer the records that are the subject of the deposition subpoena prior to the date and time specified in the deposition subpoena. The following legend shall appear in boldface type on the deposition subpoena immediately following the date and time specified for production: “Do not release the requested records to the deposition officer prior to the date and time stated above.”
(e) This section does not apply if the subpoena directs the deponent to make the records available for inspection or copying by the subpoenaing party’s attorney or a representative of that attorney at the witness’ business address under subdivision (e) of Section 1560 of the Evidence Code.
(f) The provisions of Section 1562 of the Evidence Code concerning the admissibility of the affidavit of the custodian or other qualified person apply to a deposition subpoena served under this article.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 6 - Nonparty Discovery › ARTICLE 4 - Subpoena Commanding Only Production of Business Records for Copying › Section 2020.440.

2020.440. Promptly on or after the deposition date and after the receipt or the making of a copy of business records under this article, the deposition officer shall provide that copy to the party at whose instance the deposition subpoena was served, and a copy of those records to any other party to the action who then or subsequently, within a period of six months following the settlement of the case, notifies the deposition officer that the party desires to purchase a copy of those records.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 6 - Nonparty Discovery › ARTICLE 5 - Subpoena Commanding Both Production of Business Records and Attendance and Testimony of the Deponent › Section 2020.510.

2020.510. (a) A deposition subpoena that commands the attendance and the testimony of the deponent, as well as the production of business records, documents, electronically stored information, and tangible things, shall:
(1) Comply with the requirements of Section 2020.310.
(2) Designate the business records, documents, electronically stored information, and tangible things to be produced either by specifically describing each individual item or by reasonably particularizing each category of item.
(3) Specify any testing or sampling that is being sought.
(4) Specify the form in which any electronically stored information is to be produced, if a particular form is desired.
(b) A deposition subpoena under subdivision (a) need not be accompanied by an affidavit or declaration showing good cause for the production of the documents and things designated.
(c) If, as described in Section 1985.3, the person to whom the deposition subpoena is directed is a witness, and the business records described in the deposition subpoena are personal records pertaining to a consumer, the service of the deposition subpoena shall be accompanied either by a copy of the proof of service of the notice to the consumer described in subdivision (e) of Section 1985.3, or by the consumer’s written authorization to release personal records described in paragraph (2) of subdivision (c) of Section 1985.3.
(d) If, as described in Section 1985.6, the person to whom the deposition subpoena is directed is a witness and the business records described in the deposition subpoena are employment records pertaining to an employee, the service of the deposition subpoena shall be accompanied either by a copy of the proof of service of the notice to the employee described in subdivision (e) of Section 1985.6, or by the employee’s written authorization to release personal records described in paragraph (2) of subdivision (c) of Section 1985.6.
(Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 72, Sec. 18. (SB 1574) Effective January 1, 2013.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 7 - Sanctions › Section 2023.010.

2023.010. Misuses of the discovery process include, but are not limited to, the following:
(a) Persisting, over objection and without substantial justification, in an attempt to obtain information or materials that are outside the scope of permissible discovery.
(b) Using a discovery method in a manner that does not comply with its specified procedures.
(c) Employing a discovery method in a manner or to an extent that causes unwarranted annoyance, embarrassment, or oppression, or undue burden and expense.
(d) Failing to respond or to submit to an authorized method of discovery.
(e) Making, without substantial justification, an unmeritorious objection to discovery.
(f) Making an evasive response to discovery.
(g) Disobeying a court order to provide discovery.
(h) Making or opposing, unsuccessfully and without substantial justification, a motion to compel or to limit discovery.
(i) Failing to confer in person, by telephone, or by letter with an opposing party or attorney in a reasonable and good faith attempt to resolve informally any dispute concerning discovery, if the section governing a particular discovery motion requires the filing of a declaration stating facts showing that an attempt at informal resolution has been made.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 7 - Sanctions › Section 2023.020.

2023.020. Notwithstanding the outcome of the particular discovery motion, the court shall impose a monetary sanction ordering that any party or attorney who fails to confer as required pay the reasonable expenses, including attorney’s fees, incurred by anyone as a result of that conduct.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 7 - Sanctions › Section 2023.030.

2023.030. To the extent authorized by the chapter governing any particular discovery method or any other provision of this title, the court, after notice to any affected party, person, or attorney, and after opportunity for hearing, may impose the following sanctions against anyone engaging in conduct that is a misuse of the discovery process:
(a) The court may impose a monetary sanction ordering that one engaging in the misuse of the discovery process, or any attorney advising that conduct, or both pay the reasonable expenses, including attorney’s fees, incurred by anyone as a result of that conduct. The court may also impose this sanction on one unsuccessfully asserting that another has engaged in the misuse of the discovery process, or on any attorney who advised that assertion, or on both. If a monetary sanction is authorized by any provision of this title, the court shall impose that sanction unless it finds that the one subject to the sanction acted with substantial justification or that other circumstances make the imposition of the sanction unjust.
(b) The court may impose an issue sanction ordering that designated facts shall be taken as established in the action in accordance with the claim of the party adversely affected by the misuse of the discovery process. The court may also impose an issue sanction by an order prohibiting any party engaging in the misuse of the discovery process from supporting or opposing designated claims or defenses.
(c) The court may impose an evidence sanction by an order prohibiting any party engaging in the misuse of the discovery process from introducing designated matters in evidence.
(d) The court may impose a terminating sanction by one of the following orders:
(1) An order striking out the pleadings or parts of the pleadings of any party engaging in the misuse of the discovery process.
(2) An order staying further proceedings by that party until an order for discovery is obeyed.
(3) An order dismissing the action, or any part of the action, of that party.
(4) An order rendering a judgment by default against that party.
(e) The court may impose a contempt sanction by an order treating the misuse of the discovery process as a contempt of court.
(f) (1) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), or any other section of this title, absent exceptional circumstances, the court shall not impose sanctions on a party or any attorney of a party for failure to provide electronically stored information that has been lost, damaged, altered, or overwritten as the result of the routine, good faith operation of an electronic information system.
(2) This subdivision shall not be construed to alter any obligation to preserve discoverable information.
(Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 72, Sec. 19. (SB 1574) Effective January 1, 2013.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 7 - Sanctions › Section 2023.040.

2023.040. A request for a sanction shall, in the notice of motion, identify every person, party, and attorney against whom the sanction is sought, and specify the type of sanction sought. The notice of motion shall be supported by a memorandum of points and authorities, and accompanied by a declaration setting forth facts supporting the amount of any monetary sanction sought.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 7 - Sanctions › Section 2023.050.

2023.050. (a) Notwithstanding any other law, and in addition to any other sanctions imposed pursuant to this chapter, a court shall impose a one-thousand-dollar ($1,000) sanction, payable to the requesting party, upon a party, person, or attorney if, upon reviewing a request for a sanction made pursuant to Section 2023.040, the court finds any of the following:
(1) The party, person, or attorney did not respond in good faith to a request for the production of documents made pursuant to Section 2020.010, 2020.410, 2020.510, or 2025.210, or to an inspection demand made pursuant to Section 2031.010.
(2) The party, person, or attorney produced requested documents within seven days before the court was scheduled to hear a motion to compel production of the records pursuant to Section 2025.450, 2025.480, or 2031.320 that is filed by the requesting party as a result of the other party’s, person’s, or attorney’s failure to respond in good faith.
(3) The party, person, or attorney failed to confer in person, by telephone, letter, or other means of communication in writing, as defined in Section 250 of the Evidence Code, with the party or attorney requesting the documents in a reasonable and good faith attempt to resolve informally any dispute concerning the request.
(b) Notwithstanding paragraph (3) of subdivision (o) of Section 6068 of the Business and Professions Code, the court may, in its discretion, require an attorney who is sanctioned pursuant to subdivision (a) to report the sanction, in writing, to the State Bar within 30 days of the imposition of the sanction.
(c) The court may excuse the imposition of the sanction required by subdivision (a) if the court makes written findings that the one subject to the sanction acted with substantial justification or that other circumstances make the imposition of the sanction unjust.
(d) Sanctions pursuant to this section shall be imposed only after notice to the party, person, or attorney against whom the sanction is proposed to be imposed and opportunity for that party, person, or attorney to be heard.
(e) For purposes of this section, there is a rebuttable presumption that a natural person acted in good faith if that person was not represented by an attorney in the action at the time the conduct that is sanctionable under subdivision (a) occurred. This presumption may only be overcome by clear and convincing evidence.
(Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 284, Sec. 3. (SB 235) Effective January 1, 2024.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 8 - Time for Completion of Discovery › Section 2024.010.

2024.010. As used in this chapter, discovery is considered completed on the day a response is due or on the day a deposition begins.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 8 - Time for Completion of Discovery › Section 2024.020.

2024.020. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, any party shall be entitled as a matter of right to complete discovery proceedings on or before the 30th day, and to have motions concerning discovery heard on or before the 15th day, before the date initially set for the trial of the action.
(b) Except as provided in Section 2024.050, a continuance or postponement of the trial date does not operate to reopen discovery proceedings.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 8 - Time for Completion of Discovery › Section 2024.030.

2024.030. Any party shall be entitled as a matter of right to complete discovery proceedings pertaining to a witness identified under Chapter 18 (commencing with Section 2034.010) on or before the 15th day, and to have motions concerning that discovery heard on or before the 10th day, before the date initially set for the trial of the action.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 8 - Time for Completion of Discovery › Section 2024.040.

2024.040. (a) The time limit on completing discovery in an action to be arbitrated under Chapter 2.5 (commencing with Section 1141.10) of Title 3 of Part 3 is subject to Judicial Council Rule. After an award in a case ordered to judicial arbitration, completion of discovery is limited by Section 1141.24.
(b) This chapter does not apply to either of the following:
(1) Summary proceedings for obtaining possession of real property governed by Chapter 4 (commencing with Section 1159) of Title 3 of Part 3. Except as provided in Sections 2024.050 and 2024.060, discovery in these proceedings shall be completed on or before the fifth day before the date set for trial.
(2) Eminent domain proceedings governed by Title 7 (commencing with Section 1230.010) of Part 3.
(Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 162, Sec. 17. (SB 1171) Effective January 1, 2013.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 8 - Time for Completion of Discovery › Section 2024.050.

2024.050. (a) On motion of any party, the court may grant leave to complete discovery proceedings, or to have a motion concerning discovery heard, closer to the initial trial date, or to reopen discovery after a new trial date has been set. This motion shall be accompanied by a meet and confer declaration under Section 2016.040.
(b) In exercising its discretion to grant or deny this motion, the court shall take into consideration any matter relevant to the leave requested, including, but not limited to, the following:
(1) The necessity and the reasons for the discovery.
(2) The diligence or lack of diligence of the party seeking the discovery or the hearing of a discovery motion, and the reasons that the discovery was not completed or that the discovery motion was not heard earlier.
(3) Any likelihood that permitting the discovery or hearing the discovery motion will prevent the case from going to trial on the date set, or otherwise interfere with the trial calendar, or result in prejudice to any other party.
(4) The length of time that has elapsed between any date previously set, and the date presently set, for the trial of the action.
(c) The court shall impose a monetary sanction under Chapter 7 (commencing with Section 2023.010) against any party, person, or attorney who unsuccessfully makes or opposes a motion to extend or to reopen discovery, unless it finds that the one subject to the sanction acted with substantial justification or that other circumstances make the imposition of the sanction unjust.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 8 - Time for Completion of Discovery › Section 2024.060.

2024.060. Parties to an action may, with the consent of any party affected by it, enter into an agreement to extend the time for the completion of discovery proceedings or for the hearing of motions concerning discovery, or to reopen discovery after a new date for trial of the action has been set. This agreement may be informal, but it shall be confirmed in a writing that specifies the extended date. In no event shall this agreement require a court to grant a continuance or postponement of the trial of the action.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 9 - Oral Deposition Inside California › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 2025.010.

2025.010. Any party may obtain discovery within the scope delimited by Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 2017.010), and subject to the restrictions set forth in Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 2019.010), by taking in California the oral deposition of any person, including any party to the action. The person deposed may be a natural person, an organization such as a public or private corporation, a partnership, an association, or a governmental agency.
(Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 86, Sec. 41. (SB 1171) Effective January 1, 2017.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 9 - Oral Deposition Inside California › ARTICLE 2 - Deposition Notice › Section 2025.210.

2025.210. Subject to Sections 2025.270 and 2025.610, an oral deposition may be taken as follows:
(a) The defendant may serve a deposition notice without leave of court at any time after that defendant has been served or has appeared in the action, whichever occurs first.
(b) The plaintiff may serve a deposition notice without leave of court on any date that is 20 days after the service of the summons on, or appearance by, any defendant. On motion with or without notice, the court, for good cause shown, may grant to a plaintiff leave to serve a deposition notice on an earlier date.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 9 - Oral Deposition Inside California › ARTICLE 2 - Deposition Notice › Section 2025.230.

2025.230. If the deponent named is not a natural person, the deposition notice shall describe with reasonable particularity the matters on which examination is requested. In that event, the deponent shall designate and produce at the deposition those of its officers, directors, managing agents, employees, or agents who are most qualified to testify on its behalf as to those matters to the extent of any information known or reasonably available to the deponent.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 9 - Oral Deposition Inside California › ARTICLE 2 - Deposition Notice › Section 2025.240.

2025.240. (a) The party who prepares a notice of deposition shall give the notice to every other party who has appeared in the action. The deposition notice, or the accompanying proof of service, shall list all the parties or attorneys for parties on whom it is served.
(b) If, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 1985.3 or subdivision (a) of Section 1985.6, the party giving notice of the deposition is a subpoenaing party, and the deponent is a witness commanded by a deposition subpoena to produce personal records of a consumer or employment records of an employee, the subpoenaing party shall serve on that consumer or employee all of the following:
(1) A notice of the deposition.
(2) The notice of privacy rights specified in subdivision (e) of Section 1985.3 or in subdivision (e) of Section 1985.6.
(3) A copy of the deposition subpoena.
(c) If the attendance of the deponent is to be compelled by service of a deposition subpoena under Chapter 6 (commencing with Section 2020.010), an identical copy of that subpoena shall be served with the deposition notice.
(Amended by Stats. 2007, Ch. 113, Sec. 5. Effective January 1, 2008.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 9 - Oral Deposition Inside California › ARTICLE 2 - Deposition Notice › Section 2025.250.

2025.250. (a) Unless the court orders otherwise under Section 2025.260, the deposition of a natural person, whether or not a party to the action, shall be taken at a place that is, at the option of the party giving notice of the deposition, either within 75 miles of the deponent’s residence, or within the county where the action is pending and within 150 miles of the deponent’s residence.
(b) The deposition of an organization that is a party to the action shall be taken at a place that is, at the option of the party giving notice of the deposition, either within 75 miles of the organization’s principal executive or business office in California, or within the county where the action is pending and within 150 miles of that office.
(c) Unless the organization consents to a more distant place, the deposition of any other organization shall be taken within 75 miles of the organization’s principal executive or business office in California.
(d)  If an organization has not designated a principal executive or business office in California, the deposition shall be taken at a place that is, at the option of the party giving notice of the deposition, either within the county where the action is pending, or within 75 miles of any executive or business office in California of the organization.
(Amended by Stats. 2005, Ch. 294, Sec. 7. Effective January 1, 2006.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 9 - Oral Deposition Inside California › ARTICLE 2 - Deposition Notice › Section 2025.260.

2025.260. (a) A party desiring to take the deposition of a natural person who is a party to the action or an officer, director, managing agent, or employee of a party may make a motion for an order that the deponent attend for deposition at a place that is more distant than that permitted under Section 2025.250. This motion shall be accompanied by a meet and confer declaration under Section 2016.040.
(b) In exercising its discretion to grant or deny this motion, the court shall take into consideration any factor tending to show whether the interests of justice will be served by requiring the deponent’s attendance at that more distant place, including, but not limited to, the following:
(1) Whether the moving party selected the forum.
(2) Whether the deponent will be present to testify at the trial of the action.
(3) The convenience of the deponent.
(4) The feasibility of conducting the deposition by written questions under Chapter 11 (commencing with Section 2028.010), or of using a discovery method other than a deposition.
(5) The number of depositions sought to be taken at a place more distant than that permitted under Section 2025.250.
(6) The expense to the parties of requiring the deposition to be taken within the distance permitted under Section 2025.250.
(7) The whereabouts of the deponent at the time for which the deposition is scheduled.
(c) The order may be conditioned on the advancement by the moving party of the reasonable expenses and costs to the deponent for travel to the place of deposition.
(d) The court shall impose a monetary sanction under Chapter 7 (commencing with Section 2023.010) against any party, person, or attorney who unsuccessfully makes or opposes a motion to increase the travel limits for a party deponent, unless it finds that the one subject to the sanction acted with substantial justification or that other circumstances make the imposition of the sanction unjust.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 9 - Oral Deposition Inside California › ARTICLE 2 - Deposition Notice › Section 2025.270.

2025.270. (a) An oral deposition shall be scheduled for a date at least 10 days after service of the deposition notice.
(b) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), in an unlawful detainer action or other proceeding under Chapter 4 (commencing with Section 1159) of Title 3 of Part 3, an oral deposition shall be scheduled for a date at least five days after service of the deposition notice, but not later than five days before trial.
(c) Notwithstanding subdivisions (a) and (b), if, as defined in Section 1985.3 or 1985.6, the party giving notice of the deposition is a subpoenaing party, and the deponent is a witness commanded by a deposition subpoena to produce personal records of a consumer or employment records of an employee, the deposition shall be scheduled for a date at least 20 days after issuance of that subpoena.
(d) On motion or ex parte application of any party or deponent, for good cause shown, the court may shorten or extend the time for scheduling a deposition, or may stay its taking until the determination of a motion for a protective order under Section 2025.420.
(Amended by Stats. 2007, Ch. 113, Sec. 6. Effective January 1, 2008.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 9 - Oral Deposition Inside California › ARTICLE 2 - Deposition Notice › Section 2025.280.

2025.280. (a) The service of a deposition notice under Section 2025.240 is effective to require any deponent who is a party to the action or an officer, director, managing agent, or employee of a party to attend and to testify, as well as to produce any document, electronically stored information, or tangible thing for inspection and copying.
(b) The attendance and testimony of any other deponent, as well as the production by the deponent of any document, electronically stored information, or tangible thing for inspection and copying, requires the service on the deponent of a deposition subpoena under Chapter 6 (commencing with Section 2020.010).
(c) A deponent required by notice or subpoena to produce electronically stored information shall provide a means of gaining direct access to, or a translation into a reasonably usable form of, any electronically stored information that is password protected or otherwise inaccessible.
(Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 467, Sec. 2. (AB 2427) Effective January 1, 2017.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › TITLE 4 - CIVIL DISCOVERY ACT › CHAPTER 9 - Oral Deposition Inside California › ARTICLE 2 - Deposition Notice › Section 2025.290.

2025.290. (a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), or by any court order, including a case management order, a deposition examination of the witness by all counsel, other than the witness’ counsel of record, shall be limited to seven hours of total testimony. The court shall allow additional time, beyond any limits imposed by this section, if needed to fairly examine the deponent or if the deponent, another person, or any other circumstance impedes or delays the examination.
(b) This section shall not apply under any of the following circumstances:
(1) If the parties have stipulated that this section will not apply to a specific deposition or to the entire proceeding.
(2) To any deposition of a witness designated as an expert pursuant to Sections 2034.210 to 2034.310, inclusive.
(3) To any case designated as complex by the court pursuant to Rule 3.400 of the California Rules of Court, unless a licensed physician attests in a declaration served on the parties that the deponent suffers from an illness or condition that raises substantial medical doubt of survival of the deponent beyond six months, in which case the deposition examination of the witness by all counsel, other than the witness’ counsel of record, shall be limited to two days of no more than seven hours of total testimony each day, or 14 hours of total testimony.
(4) To any case brought by an employee or applicant for employment against an employer for acts or omissions arising out of or relating to the employment relationship.
(5) To any deposition of a person who is designated as the most qualified person to be deposed under Section 2025.230.
(6) To any party who appeared in the action after the deposition has concluded, in which case the new party may notice another deposition subject to the requirements of this section.
(c) It is the intent of the Legislature that any exclusions made by this section shall not be construed to create any presumption or any substantive change to existing law relating to the appropriate time limit for depositions falling within the exclusion. Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect the existing right of any party to move for a protective order or the court’s discretion to make any order that justice requires to limit a deposition in order to protect any party, deponent, or other natural person or organization from unwarranted annoyance, embarrassment, oppression, undue burden, or expense.
(Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 346, Sec. 1. (AB 1875) Effective January 1, 2013.)