2023 California Code › Labor Code - LAB › DIVISION 2 - EMPLOYMENT REGULATION AND SUPERVISION › PART 4 - EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - Wages, Hours and Working Conditions › Section 1182.15.

1182.15. (a) The Legislature finds and declares as follows:
(1) Workers in the health care industry, including workers at general acute care hospitals, acute psychiatric hospitals, medical offices and clinics, behavioral health centers, and residential care centers provide vital health care services to California residents, including emergency care, labor and delivery, cancer treatments, and primary and specialty care. Similarly, dialysis clinics provide life-preserving care to patients with end-stage renal disease and are part of the continuum of kidney care that also includes hospitals and health systems. Residents and visitors to the state rely on access to this high-quality health care.
(2) Higher wages are an important means of retaining an experienced workforce and attracting new workers. A stable workforce benefits patients and improves quality of care.
(3) Employers across multiple industries are raising wages. The health care sector in California must offer higher wages to remain competitive.
(4) Members of the health care team such as certified nursing assistants, patient aides, technicians, and food service workers, among many others, are essential to both routine medical care and emergency response efforts.
(5) Even before the COVID pandemic, California was facing an urgent and immediate shortage of health care workers, adversely impacting the health and well-being of Californians, especially economically disadvantaged Californians. The pandemic has worsened these shortages. Higher wages are needed to attract and retain health care workers to treat patients, including being prepared to provide necessary care in an emergency.
(6) The Legislature finds and declares that laws that establish, require, impose, limit or otherwise relate to wages, salary, or compensation affect access to quality health care for all residents of, and visitors to, the state provided by licensed health care facilities, which serve as a critical part of the state’s ability to respond to catastrophic emergencies. The Legislature also finds and declares that the time limitations and other provisions established by this section are necessary to stabilize the health care system following the state and federal public health emergencies related to COVID-19, the closure and bankruptcy of licensed health care facilities, and the reduction in vital services by licensed health care facilities due to financial distress and the health care workforce crisis that has resulted in staffing shortages and strain for health care workers. The Legislature further finds and declares that access to quality health care and the stability of the health care system is a matter of statewide concern and is not a municipal affair as that term is used in Section 5 of Article XI of the California Constitution. Therefore, this section occupies the whole field of wages, salary, or compensation for covered health care facility employees, and applies to all cities and counties, including charter cities, charter counties, and charter cities and counties during the stabilization period provided by this section.
(b) As used in this section:
(1) (A) “Covered health care employee” means any of the following:
(i) An employee of a health care facility employer who provides patient care, health care services, or services supporting the provision of health care, which includes, but is not limited to, employees performing work in the occupation of a nurse, physician, caregiver, medical resident, intern or fellow, patient care technician, janitor, housekeeping staff person, groundskeeper, guard, clerical worker, nonmanagerial administrative worker, food service worker, gift shop worker, technical and ancillary services worker, medical coding and medical billing personnel, scheduler, call center and warehouse worker, and laundry worker, regardless of formal job title.
(ii) A contracted or subcontracted employee described in subparagraph (B).
(B) “Covered health care employee” includes a contracted or subcontracted employee, if all of the following apply:
(i) The employee’s employer contracts with the health care facility employer, or with a contractor or subcontractor to the health care facility employer, to provide health care services, or services supporting the provision of health care.
(ii) The health care facility employer directly or indirectly, or through an agent or any other person, exercises control over the employee’s wages, hours or working conditions. However, “covered health care employee” includes all employees performing contracted or subcontracted work primarily on the premises of a health care facility to provide health care services or services supporting the provision of health care.
(C) Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), “covered health care employee” does not include:
(i) Employment as an outside salesperson.
(ii) Any work performed in the public sector where the primary duties performed are not health care services.
(iii) Delivery or waste collection work on the premises of a covered health care facility, provided that the delivery or waste collection worker is not an employee of any person that owns, controls, or operates a covered health care facility.
(iv) Medical transportation services in or out of a covered health care facility, provided that the medical transportation services worker is not an employee of any person that owns, controls, or operates a covered health care facility.
(2) (A) “Covered health care facility” means a licensed skilled nursing facility, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 1250 of the Health and Safety Code, that is not covered by Section 1182.14.
(B) “Covered health care facility” does not include either of the following:
(i) A skilled nursing facility owned, controlled, or operated by the state.
(ii) A tribal clinic exempt from licensure under subdivision (c) of Section 1206 of the Health and Safety Code, or an outpatient setting conducted, maintained, or operated by a federally recognized Indian tribe, tribal organization, or urban Indian organization, as defined in Section 1603 of Title 25 of the United States Code.
(4) “Employ” means to engage, suffer, or permit to work.
(5) “Employee” means any person employed by an employer.
(6) “Employer” means a person who directly or indirectly, or through an agent or any other person, employs or exercises control over the wages, hours, or working conditions of any person.
(7) “Health care services” means patient care-related services including nursing; caregiving; services provided by medical residents, interns, or fellows; technical and ancillary services; janitorial work; housekeeping; groundskeeping; guard duties; business office clerical work; food services; laundry; medical coding and billing; call center and warehouse work; scheduling; and gift shop work; but only where such services support patient care.
(8) “Health care worker minimum wage” means the minimum wage rate established by this section.
(c) For any covered health care facility employer covered by this section, the minimum wage for all covered health care employees shall be as follows:
(1) From June 1, 2024, to May 31, 2026, inclusive, twenty-one dollars ($21) per hour.
(2) From June 1, 2026, to May 31, 2028, inclusive, twenty-three dollars ($23) per hour.
(3) From June 1, 2028, and until adjusted pursuant to subdivision (d), twenty-five dollars ($25) per hour.
(d) (1) Following the implementation of the minimum wage increase specified in subdivision (c), on or before August 1 of the following year, and on or before each August 1 thereafter, the Director of Finance shall calculate an adjusted minimum wage. The calculation shall increase the health care worker minimum wage by the lesser of 3.5 percent or the rate of change in the averages of the most recent July 1 to June 30, inclusive, period over the preceding July 1 to June 30, inclusive, period for the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics nonseasonally adjusted United States Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (U.S. CPI-W). The result shall be rounded to the nearest ten cents ($0.10). Each adjusted health care worker minimum wage increase calculated under this subdivision shall take effect on the following January 1.
(2) If the rate of change in the averages of the most recent July 1 to June 30, inclusive, period over the preceding July 1 to June 30, inclusive, period for the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics nonseasonally adjusted U.S. CPI-W is negative, there shall be no increase or decrease in the health care worker minimum wage pursuant to this subdivision on the following January 1.
(e) The health care worker minimum wages shall constitute the state minimum wages for covered health care employment for all purposes under this code and the Wage Orders of the Industrial Welfare Commission.
(f) A health care worker minimum wage shall be enforceable by the Labor Commissioner or by a covered worker through a civil action, through the same means and with the same relief available for violation of any other state minimum wage requirement.
(g) For covered health care employment where the compensation of the employee is on a salary basis, the employee shall earn a monthly salary equivalent to no less than 150 percent of the health care worker minimum wage or 200 percent of the minimum wage, as described in Section 1182.12, whichever is greater, for full-time employment in order to qualify as exempt from the payment of minimum wage and overtime under the law of this state, including where the employer is the state, a political subdivision of the state, the University of California, or a municipality.
(h) (1) An ordinance, regulation, or administrative action applicable to a covered health care facility, as defined in this section, that establishes, requires, imposes, limits, or otherwise relates to wages or compensation for covered health care facility employees, as defined in this section, shall not be enacted or enforced in or by any city, county, city and county, including charter cities, charter counties, and charter cities and counties.
(2) Any ordinance, regulation, or administrative action taken by any city, county, or city and county, including charter cities, charter counties, and charter cities and counties, that is enacted or takes effect after September 6, 2023, related to covered health facilities, that establishes, requires, imposes, limits, or otherwise relates to wages, salaries, or compensation for covered health care facility employees, as defined in this section, is void.
(3) This subdivision does not preclude any employer, including a city, county, city and county, including charter cities, charter counties, and charter cities and counties, that employs health care employees, from establishing higher wage, salary, or compensation rates for its employees or contracted or subcontracted employees.
(4) This subdivision does not preclude a city, county, city and county, including charter cities, charter counties, and charter cities and counties from establishing a minimum wage that would apply uniformly to all employees across all industries and sectors and not exclusively to employees employed by covered health care facilities.
(5) This subdivision does not preclude a city, county, city and county, including charter cities, charter counties, and charter cities and counties, from establishing or enforcing a minimum wage applicable to covered health care facility employees, as defined in this section, after January 1, 2034. Any such ordinance, regulation, or administrative action shall be evaluated under ordinary preemption principles.
(6) This subdivision does not preclude a city, county, city and county, including charter cities, charter counties, and charter cities and counties, from enacting an ordinance or regulation, or taking administrative action, limiting or otherwise relating to compensation for covered health care facility employees, as defined in this section, after January 1, 2030. Any such ordinance, regulation, or administrative action shall be evaluated under ordinary preemption principles.
(7) This subdivision shall take effect only if subdivision (c) takes effect.
(i) This section shall only take effect when a patient care minimum spending requirement applicable to skilled nursing facilities, as covered in this section, is in effect.
(Added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 890, Sec. 2. (SB 525) Effective January 1, 2024.)