reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-818 - Bicycle safety fund

28-818.
Bicycle safety fund
A. A bicycle safety fund is established. The department shall administer the fund. The fund consists of monies received from:
1. The federal government or any agency of the federal government for any purpose authorized by this section.
2. Donations.
3. This state or any agency of this state for any purpose authorized by this section.
B. The department:
1. May designate monies deposited in the bicycle safety fund for use only for specified purposes consistent with this section and only for use in specified political subdivisions of this state.
2. Shall spend monies contributed by a political subdivision to the bicycle safety fund and any donation to the fund designated for use in a political subdivision and any matching monies deposited in the fund as a result of the contribution or donation only for use in the political subdivision.
3. Shall only spend monies from the bicycle safety fund as follows:
(a) For planning,  engineering,  constructing and maintaining bicycle paths and bicycle lanes.
(b) As matching monies to be used with federal or local monies spent for planning,  engineering,  constructing or maintaining bicycle paths and bicycle lanes.
(c) As matching monies to be used with federal or local monies spent for planning and implementing safety programs.
C. Monies in the bicycle safety fund are exempt from the provisions of section 35-190 relating to lapsing of appropriations. The department may spend monies in the fund for purposes authorized by this section subject to legislative appropriation.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-819 - Electric bicycles; electric standup scooters

28-819.
Electric bicycles;  electric standup scooters
A. An operator of an electric bicycle or an electric standup scooter is granted all the rights and privileges and is subject to all of the duties of a person riding a bicycle. Except as otherwise provided in this section or as otherwise regulated by a local authority,  an electric bicycle or an electric standup scooter is subject to the same provisions of this title as a bicycle.
B. An electric bicycle or an electric standup scooter is not subject to the provisions of this title relating to certificates of title,  registration,  vehicle license tax,  driver licenses or vehicle insurance.
C. Beginning January 1,  2019,  manufacturers and distributors of electric bicycles shall apply a label that is permanently affixed,  in a prominent location,  to each electric bicycle. The label shall contain the classification number,  top assisted speed and motor wattage of the electric bicycle and shall be printed in at least nine-point type.
D. A class 1 electric bicycle,  a class 2 electric bicycle or an electric standup scooter may be used on bicycle and multiuse paths. A local authority or agency of this state having jurisdiction over a bicycle or multiuse path may prohibit the operation of a class 1 electric bicycle,  class 2 electric bicycle or electric standup scooter on the path.
E. A class 3 electric bicycle may not be operated on a bicycle or multiuse path unless it is within or adjacent to a highway or roadway or unless the local authority or agency of this state having jurisdiction over the path allows the operation.
F. An electric standup scooter must have a unique identification that consists of letters or numbers,  or both,  and that is visible from a distance of at least five feet. The identification:
1. May not be obscured by branding or other markings.
2. Shall be used in this state to identify the electric standup scooter. This paragraph applies to all persons,  including local authorities.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-851 - Railroad crossing; safety

28-851.
Railroad crossing;  safety
A. Except as provided in subsection B of this section,  when a person driving a vehicle approaches a railroad grade crossing,  the driver of the vehicle shall stop within fifty feet but not less than fifteen feet from the nearest rail of the railroad and may not proceed if any of the following applies:
1. A clearly visible electric or mechanical signal device gives warning of the immediate approach of a railroad train.
2. A crossing gate is lowered or a human flagman gives or continues to give a signal of the approach or passage of a railroad train.
3. A railroad train approaching within approximately one thousand five hundred feet of the highway crossing emits a signal audible from such a distance and the railroad train is an immediate hazard by reason of its speed or proximity to the crossing.
4. An approaching railroad train is plainly visible and is in hazardous proximity to the crossing.
5. Any other condition exists that makes it unsafe to proceed through the crossing.
B. An operator of a vehicle who suspects a false activation or malfunction of a railroad grade crossing signal device where there is no gate or barrier may proceed through the railroad grade crossing after stopping if all of the following apply:
1. The operator of the vehicle has a clear line of sight of at least one mile of the railroad tracks in all directions.
2. There is no evidence of an approaching train.
3. The vehicle may cross over the tracks safely.
4. If the vehicle is a school bus,  the operator complies with written district policy.
C. An operator of a vehicle may not make a u-turn or turn the vehicle to proceed in the opposite direction on a railroad track or railroad grade crossing.
D. A person shall not proceed through,  around,  over or under a crossing gate or barrier at a railroad crossing while the gate or barrier is closed or is being opened or closed.
E. A pedestrian shall not do any of the following:
1. Enter or remain within the area between a railroad track and a railroad sign or signal if the railroad grade crossing is active.
2. Occupy or remain on a railroad grade crossing when the railroad sign or signal is not active except to cross the railroad crossing on a designated walkway.
3. Remain in an area between railroad signs or signals,  railroad gates or rail crossing arms if the railroad grade crossing is active.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-852 - Dangerous railroad grade crossing

28-852.
Dangerous railroad grade crossing
The director,  and local authorities with the approval of the director,  may designate particularly dangerous highway grade crossings of railroads and may erect stop signs at the crossings. If the stop signs are erected,  the driver of a vehicle shall stop within fifty feet but not less than fifteen feet from the nearest rail of the railroad and shall proceed only on exercising due care.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-853 - Railroad grade crossing; stop required of certain vehicles; other requirements

28-853.
Railroad grade crossing;  stop required of certain vehicles;  other requirements
A. Except as otherwise provided in this article,  before crossing at grade any track or tracks of a railroad,  the driver of a motor vehicle carrying passengers for hire,  of any school bus carrying any school child or of any vehicle carrying or returning after delivery of explosive substances or flammable liquids as a cargo or part of a cargo shall stop the vehicle within fifty feet but not less than fifteen feet from the nearest rail of the railroad,  while stopped listen and look in both directions along the track for an approaching train and for signals indicating the approach of a train and not proceed until the driver can do so safely. After stopping as required by this section and on proceeding when it is safe to do so,  the driver of the vehicle shall cross only in a gear of the vehicle for which there is no need to change gears while traversing the crossing and shall not shift gears while crossing the track or tracks. This subsection does not apply at:
1. A crossing where a police officer or a traffic control signal directs traffic to proceed.
2. A street railway grade crossing within a business or residence district.
B. A driver of a commercial motor vehicle shall not enter a railroad or rail transit crossing unless there is sufficient space on the other side of the railroad or rail transit crossing to accommodate the vehicle being driven.
C. A driver of a commercial motor vehicle shall not enter a railroad or rail transit crossing unless there is sufficient undercarriage clearance to cross the intersection without obstructing the through passage of a railway vehicle,  including a train or a city transit vehicle.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-854 - Railroad grade crossing; moving heavy equipment; exception; definition

28-854.
Railroad grade crossing;  moving heavy equipment;  exception;  definition
A. A person shall not operate or move any heavy equipment on or across a track at a railroad grade crossing unless:
1. Notice of the intended crossing is given to a station agent of the railroad.
2. Before making the crossing,  the person operating or moving the vehicle or equipment:
(a) Stops the vehicle or equipment at least fifteen feet but not more than fifty feet from the nearest rail of the railroad.
(b) While so stopped,  listens and looks in both directions along the track for an approaching train and for signals indicating the approach of a train.
3. Does not proceed until the crossing can be made safely.
B. A person shall not make a crossing pursuant to this section when a warning is given by automatic signal,  crossing gates or a flagman or otherwise of the immediate approach of a railroad train or car. If a flagman is provided by the railroad,  movement over the crossing shall be under the flagman's direction.
C. This section does not apply to the normal movement of farm equipment in the regular course of a farm operation.
D. For the purposes of this section,  " heavy equipment"  means any crawler type tractor,  steam shovel,  derrick,  roller or other equipment or structure having a normal operating speed of ten miles per hour or less or a vertical body or load clearance of less than one-half inch per foot of the distance between any two adjacent axles or in any event of less than nine inches measured above the level surface of a roadway.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-855 - Stop signs; yield signs

28-855.
Stop signs;  yield signs
A. The director,  with reference to state highways,  and local authorities,  with reference to other highways under their jurisdiction,  may designate through highways and erect stop or yield signs at specified entrances to the through highways or may designate an intersection as a stop or yield intersection and erect like signs at one or more entrances to the intersection.
B. A driver of a vehicle approaching a stop sign shall stop before entering the crosswalk on the near side of the intersection,  or if there is no crosswalk,  shall stop at a clearly marked stop line,  or if there is no line,  shall stop at the point nearest the intersecting roadway where the driver has a view of approaching traffic on the intersecting roadway before entering the intersection except when directed to proceed by a police officer.
C. The driver of a vehicle approaching a yield sign shall slow down in obedience to the sign to a speed reasonable for the existing conditions and shall yield the right-of-way to any vehicle in the intersection or approaching on another highway so closely as to constitute an immediate hazard during the time the driver is moving across or within the intersection. If after driving past a yield sign without stopping the driver is involved in a collision with a vehicle in the intersection,  the collision is prima facie evidence of the driver's failure to yield the right-of-way.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-856 - Emerging from alley, driveway or building

28-856.
Emerging from alley,  driveway or building
The driver of a vehicle emerging from an alley,  driveway or building within a business or residence district shall:
1. Stop the vehicle immediately before driving onto a sidewalk or onto the sidewalk area extending across any alleyway or private driveway.
2. Yield the right-of-way to any pedestrian as necessary to avoid collision.
3. On entering the roadway,  yield the right-of-way to all closely approaching vehicles on the roadway.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-857.01 - Overtaking and passing school bus; report by school bus operator; notification letter

28-857.01.
Overtaking and passing school bus;  report by school bus operator;  notification letter
A. The operator of a school bus who observes a violation of section 28-857,  subsection A may prepare a signed written report that indicates that a violation occurred. The report shall include:
1. The date,  time and approximate location of the violation.
2. The number and state of issuance of the license plate on the vehicle involved in the violation.
3. Identification of the vehicle as an automobile,  a station wagon,  a truck,  a bus,  a motorcycle or any other type of vehicle.
4. The color of the vehicle involved in the violation.
B. Within two days after the violation occurs,  excluding weekends and holidays,  the school bus operator shall send a copy of the report to the director. On receiving the report,  the director shall promptly mail a notification letter to the last known registered owner of the vehicle. The letter shall include:
1. A notification containing the information included in the bus operator's report and stating that a vehicle registered in the vehicle owner's name was observed passing a school bus loading and unloading children.
2. A complete explanation of the provisions of section 28-857.
3. An explanation that the notification letter is not a police citation but is an effort to call attention to the seriousness of the incident.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-858 - Approaching horses and livestock

28-858.
Approaching horses and livestock
A person operating a motor vehicle on a public highway and approaching a horse-drawn vehicle,  a horse on which a person is riding or livestock being driven on the highway shall exercise reasonable precaution to prevent frightening and to safeguard the animals and to ensure the safety of persons riding or driving the animals. If the animals appear frightened,  the person in control of the vehicle shall reduce its speed and if requested by signal or otherwise shall not proceed further toward the animals unless necessary to avoid accident or injury until the animals appear to be under control.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-871 - Stopping, standing or parking outside business or residence district

28-871.
Stopping,  standing or parking outside business or residence district
A. On a highway outside of a business or residence district,  a person shall not stop,  park or leave standing a vehicle,  whether attended or unattended,  on the paved or main traveled part of the highway if it is practicable to stop,  park or leave the vehicle off that part of the highway. If a person stops,  parks or leaves standing a vehicle,  the person shall leave an unobstructed width of the highway opposite the standing vehicle for the free passage of other vehicles and a clear view of the standing vehicle shall be available from a distance of two hundred feet in each direction on the highway.
B. This section does not apply to:
1. The driver of a vehicle that is disabled while on the paved or main traveled portion of a highway in a manner and to an extent that it is impossible to avoid stopping and temporarily leaving the disabled vehicle in that position.
2. A vehicle or the driver of a vehicle engaged in the official delivery of the United States mail that stops on the right-hand side of the highway for the purpose of picking up or delivering mail if the following conditions are met:
(a) A clear view of the vehicle is available from a distance of three hundred feet in each direction on the highway or a flashing amber light at least four inches in diameter with the letters " stop"  printed on the light is attached to the rear of the vehicle.
(b) The vehicle has a uniform sign that:
(i) Is at least fourteen inches in diameter.
(ii) Has the words " U.S. mail"  printed on the sign.
(iii) Is attached to the rear of the vehicle.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-874 - Additional parking rules

28-874.
Additional parking rules
A. Except as otherwise provided in this section,  a person who stops or parks a vehicle on a roadway where there are adjacent curbs shall stop or park the vehicle with its right-hand wheels parallel to and within eighteen inches of the right-hand curb.
B. A local authority may permit by ordinance:
1. Parking of vehicles with the left-hand wheels adjacent to and within eighteen inches of the left-hand curb of a one-way roadway.
2. Angle parking on any roadway,  except that a local authority shall not permit angle parking on any federal aid highway or state highway unless the director has determined by resolution or order that the roadway is of sufficient width to permit angle parking without interfering with the free movement of traffic.
C. With respect to highways under the director's jurisdiction,  the director may place signs prohibiting or restricting the stopping,  standing or parking of vehicles on any highway where in the director's opinion the stopping,  standing or parking is dangerous to those using the highway or where the stopping,  standing or parking of vehicles would unduly interfere with the free movement of traffic on the highway. The signs shall be official signs,  and a person shall not stop,  stand or park a vehicle in violation of the restrictions stated on the signs.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-876 - Parking spaces for electric vehicles; civil penalty

28-876.
Parking spaces for electric vehicles;  civil penalty
A. A person shall not stop,  stand or park a motor vehicle within any parking space specially designated for parking and fueling motor vehicles fueled exclusively by electricity unless the motor vehicle is powered by electricity and has been issued an alternative fuel vehicle special plate or sticker pursuant to section 28-2416.
B. If a law enforcement officer finds a motor vehicle in violation of this section,  the law enforcement officer shall issue a complaint to the operator or other person in charge of the motor vehicle or,  if an operator or other person is not present,  to the registered owner of the motor vehicle for a civil traffic violation.
C. A person who is found responsible for a violation of this section is subject to a civil penalty of at least three hundred fifty dollars. Notwithstanding section 28-1554,  the civil penalties collected pursuant to this subsection shall be deposited in the state general fund.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-881 - Parking restrictions; applicability

28-881.
Parking restrictions;  applicability
This article does not apply:
1. To zones where stopping,  standing or parking is prohibited to all vehicles as provided in sections 28-871,  28-873 and 28-936.
2. If there is a local ordinance that prohibits parking during heavy traffic periods such as rush hours or where parking clearly would present a traffic hazard for the general public.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-882 - Parking spaces for persons with physical disabilities

28-882.
Parking spaces for persons with physical disabilities
A. Each state agency having jurisdiction over street parking or publicly owned and operated parking facilities shall provide specially designated and marked motor vehicle parking spaces for the exclusive use of persons with physical disabilities.
B. Each political subdivision of this state having jurisdiction over street parking or publicly owned and operated parking facilities shall provide,  as determined by the county board of supervisors or the governing body of a city or town,  specially designated and marked motor vehicle parking spaces for the exclusive use of persons with physical disabilities.
C. Each parking space described in this section shall be prominently outlined with paint and posted with a permanent sign that is located at least three feet but not more than six feet above the grade,  that is of a color and design approved by the department and that bears the internationally accepted symbol of access and the caption " reserved parking" .
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-883 - Agreements with other jurisdictions; reciprocity

28-883.
Agreements with other jurisdictions;  reciprocity
A. The director may enter into agreements with other jurisdictions,  including foreign jurisdictions,  on behalf of this state:
1. Relating to the extension to residents of this state of parking privileges for persons with a permanent disability.
2. To recognize international symbol of access special plates or the placard issued by the other jurisdictions.
B. This state shall grant the same parking privileges that are granted to a resident of this state to a nonresident for a motor vehicle licensed in another state or foreign country displaying the international symbol of access special plates or the placard issued in accordance with the laws of the nonresident's state or foreign country even if a written agreement to do so does not exist between this state and the nonresident's state or foreign country.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-884 - Parking space for persons with physical disabilities; prohibition; access aisle

28-884.
Parking space for persons with physical disabilities;  prohibition;  access aisle
A. Except as provided in subsection B of this section,  a person shall not stop,  stand or park a motor vehicle within any specially designated and marked parking space provided pursuant to this article unless the motor vehicle is transporting a person who has been issued a valid placard or international symbol of access special plates and either:
1. The motor vehicle displays the valid permanent disability or temporary disability removable windshield placard.
2. The motor vehicle displays international symbol of access special plates that are currently registered to the vehicle.
B. A person who is chauffeuring a person with a physical disability in a vehicle without a placard or international symbol of access special plates may park momentarily in a parking space provided pursuant to this article for the purpose of loading or unloading the person with a physical disability,  and a complaint shall not be issued to the driver for the momentary parking.
C. A person shall not stop,  stand or park a motor vehicle,  including a vehicle displaying an international symbol of access special plate or placard,  in the access aisle of a parking space described in section 28-882. For the purposes of this subsection,  " access aisle"  means a designated area adjacent to a parking space described in section 28-882 that is marked by either spaced,  crosshatched or diagonal stripes or a distinctive change in color or material and that leads to an accessible route of travel.
D. A person who has been issued an international symbol of access special plate on behalf of a minor pursuant to section 28-2409 shall use a designated and marked parking space provided pursuant to this article only when the person is transporting the minor with permanent physical disabilities.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-885 - Civil traffic violation; civil penalty; recall of placards and plates; defense

28-885.
Civil traffic violation;  civil penalty;  recall of placards and plates;  defense
A. If a law enforcement officer or a parking enforcement specialist employed by a local authority finds a motor vehicle in violation of this article,  the person shall issue a complaint to the operator or other person in charge of the motor vehicle or,  if an operator or person in charge is not present,  to the registered owner of the vehicle for a civil traffic violation. A court or duly appointed hearing officer may impose on the operator,  person in charge or owner of a vehicle parked in violation of this section a minimum civil penalty of fifty dollars plus the penalty assessments prescribed by statute.
B. If a person violates this article,  the director may recall the placard or international symbol of access special plates issued to the person.
C. If no vehicle operator was present and an officer served a complaint on the registered owner of the vehicle,  the court may dismiss a violation of this section if the person produces in court proof of a disability placard for the registered owner's vehicle that was valid on the date of the violation.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-892 - Riding on motorcycle or all-terrain vehicle

28-892.
Riding on motorcycle or all-terrain vehicle
A. A person operating a motorcycle or all-terrain vehicle shall ride only on the permanent and regular seat attached to the motorcycle or all-terrain vehicle.
B. The operator of a motorcycle shall not carry any other person and any other person shall not ride on a motorcycle unless the motorcycle is designed to carry more than one person. On a motorcycle designed to carry more than one person,  a passenger may ride on the permanent and regular seat if it is designed for two persons or on another seat firmly attached to the motorcycle at the rear or side of the operator.
C. The operator of an all-terrain vehicle shall not carry any other person and any other person shall not ride on an all-terrain vehicle unless the all-terrain vehicle is equipped to carry more than one person. On an all-terrain vehicle that is equipped to carry more than one person,  a passenger may ride on the permanent and regular seat if it is equipped for two persons or on another seat firmly attached to the all-terrain vehicle at the rear or side of the operator.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-893 - Obstruction to view; interference with driving

28-893.
Obstruction to view;  interference with driving
A. A person shall not drive a vehicle when the vehicle's load or passengers obstruct the driver's view to the front or sides of the vehicle or interfere with the driver's control over the vehicle's driving mechanism.
B. A passenger in a vehicle shall not ride in a position that interferes with the driver's view ahead or to the sides or that interferes with the driver's control over the vehicle's driving mechanism.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-897 - Crossing fire hose

28-897.
Crossing fire hose
A person shall not drive a vehicle over an unprotected hose of a fire department if the hose is laid down on a street or private driveway to be used at a fire or alarm of fire. This section does not apply if a fire department official in command at the fire or alarm of fire directs traffic to drive over the hose.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-898 - Objects on roadway; prohibition

28-898.
Objects on roadway;  prohibition
A. A person shall not throw or deposit on a roadway any glass bottle,  glass,  nails,  tacks,  wire,  cans or other substance likely to injure a person,  animal or vehicle on the roadway.
B. A person who drops or permits to be dropped or thrown on a roadway any destructive or injurious material shall immediately remove the material or cause it to be removed.
C. A person removing a wrecked or damaged vehicle from a highway shall remove any glass or other injurious substance dropped on the highway from the vehicle.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-899 - Barbed wire; damages

28-899.
Barbed wire;  damages
A person who owns,  leases,  has charge of or possesses a barbed wire fence along a public highway:
1. Shall not permit or allow the wire of the fence to lie loose along or in the highway so as to endanger the safety of a person or animal passing along the highway.
2. Is liable for all damages arising from the loose wire.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-901 - Maximum number in school bus; stops at school

28-901.
Maximum number in school bus;  stops at school
A. Except for the purpose of conducting drills under school rules and in the emergency evacuation or dispersal of pupils and school personnel,  a person shall not operate a school bus on a public highway:
1. While carrying more passengers than can be properly seated.
2. While a person is standing in the school bus.
B. In receiving or discharging children at the school,  a person who drives a vehicle carrying children to and from school shall stop the vehicle on the side of the highway on which the school is located.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-902 - Repainting government vehicle

28-902.
Repainting government vehicle
If a motor vehicle that is painted yellow and that is owned or operated by this state,  a county,  city,  town or political subdivision of this state,  a school district or a school is sold or transferred to a private owner,  the private owner shall repaint the motor vehicle a different color and obliterate all official painted insignia before the motor vehicle is driven on a public highway.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-903 - Operation of motorcycle on laned roadway; exceptions

28-903.
Operation of motorcycle on laned roadway;  exceptions
A. All motorcycles are entitled to the full use of a lane. A person shall not drive a motor vehicle in such a manner as to deprive any motorcycle of the full use of a lane. This subsection does not apply to motorcycles operated two abreast in a single lane.
B. Except as provided in subsection F of this section,  the operator of a motorcycle shall not overtake and pass in the same lane occupied by the vehicle being overtaken.
C. Except as provided in subsection F of this section,  a person shall not operate a motorcycle between the lanes of traffic or between adjacent rows of vehicles.
D. A person shall not operate a motorcycle more than two abreast in a single lane.
E. Subsections B and C of this section do not apply to peace officers in the performance of their official duties.
F. The operator of a two-wheeled motorcycle may overtake and pass another vehicle that is stopped in the same direction of travel and in the same lane as the operator and may operate the motorcycle between lanes of traffic if the movement may be made safely and if the operator does both of the following:
1. Operates the motorcycle on a street that both:
(a) Is divided into at least two adjacent traffic lanes in the same direction of travel.
(b) Has a speed limit that does not exceed forty-five miles per hour.
2. Travels at a speed that does not exceed fifteen miles per hour.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-904 - Driving on sidewalk

28-904.
Driving on sidewalk
A. A person shall not drive a vehicle on a sidewalk area except on a permanent or duly authorized temporary driveway.
B. This section does not apply to a motorized wheelchair,  electric personal assistive mobility device,  personal mobile cargo carrying device,  authorized emergency vehicle,  security vehicle owned by this state or small service vehicle owned by this state or a political subdivision of this state.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-905 - Opening vehicle door

28-905.
Opening vehicle door
A person shall not open a door on a motor vehicle unless it is reasonably safe to do so and can be done without interfering with the movement of other traffic. A person shall not leave a door open on a side of a motor vehicle exposed to moving traffic for a period of time longer than necessary to load or unload a passenger.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-908 - Persons in wheelchairs or on electric personal assistive mobility devices

28-908.
Persons in wheelchairs or on electric personal assistive mobility devices
A person operating a wheelchair,  a motorized wheelchair,  an electric personal assistive mobility device or a personal mobile cargo carrying device has all of the rights and duties that are contained in this chapter and chapters 4 and 5 of this title and that are applicable to pedestrians except provisions that by their nature can have no application.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-910 - Liability for emergency responses in flood areas; definitions

28-910.
Liability for emergency responses in flood areas;  definitions
A. A driver of a vehicle who drives the vehicle on a public street or highway that is temporarily covered by a rise in water level,  including groundwater or overflow of water,  and that is barricaded because of flooding is liable for the expenses of any emergency response that is required to remove from the public street or highway the driver or any passenger in the vehicle that becomes inoperable on the public street or highway or the vehicle that becomes inoperable on the public street or highway,  or both.
B. A person convicted of violating section 28-693 for driving a vehicle into any area that is temporarily covered by a rise in water level,  including groundwater or overflow of water,  may be liable for expenses of any emergency response that is required to remove from the area the driver or any passenger in the vehicle that becomes inoperable in the area or the vehicle that becomes inoperable in the area,  or both.
C. The expenses of an emergency response are a charge against the person liable for those expenses pursuant to subsection A or B of this section. The charge constitutes a debt of that person and may be collected proportionately by the public agencies,  for-profit entities or not-for-profit entities that incurred the expenses. The person's liability for the expenses of an emergency response shall not exceed two thousand dollars for a single incident. The liability imposed under this section is in addition to and not in limitation of any other liability that may be imposed.
D. An insurance policy may exclude coverage for a person's liability for expenses of an emergency response under this section.
E. For the purposes of this section:
1. " Expenses of an emergency response"  means reasonable costs directly incurred by public agencies,  for-profit entities or not-for-profit entities that make an appropriate emergency response to an incident.
2. " Public agency"  means this state and any city,  county,  municipal corporation,  district or other public authority that is located in whole or in part in this state and that provides police,  fire fighting,  medical or other emergency services.
3. " Reasonable costs"  includes the costs of providing police,  fire fighting,  rescue and emergency medical services at the scene of an incident and the salaries of the persons who respond to the incident but does not include charges assessed by an ambulance service that is regulated pursuant to title 36,  chapter 21.1,  article 2.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-921 - Applicability of equipment requirements

28-921.
Applicability of equipment requirements
A. A person shall not:
1. Drive or move and the owner shall not knowingly cause or permit to be driven or moved on a highway a vehicle or combination of vehicles that:
(a) Is in an unsafe condition that endangers a person.
(b) Does not contain those parts or is not at all times equipped with lamps and other equipment in proper condition and adjustment as required in this article.
(c) Is equipped in any manner in violation of this article.
2. Do an act forbidden or fail to perform an act required under this article.
B. This article does not prohibit the use of additional parts and accessories on a vehicle if the use is not inconsistent with this article.
C. The provisions of this article with respect to equipment on vehicles do not apply to:
1. Trailers used solely in the operation of a farm for the transportation of the unprocessed fiber products on the farm or from the farm to a cotton gin,  road machinery,  road rollers,  farm tractors or implements of husbandry when the implement is being incidentally operated or moved on a highway whether as a trailer or self-propelled unit. Notwithstanding this paragraph,  a farm tractor equipped with an electric lighting system shall display at all times mentioned in section 28-922 a red tail lamp and either multiple beam or single beam head lamps meeting the requirements of sections 28-925,  28-941 and 28-943. For the purposes of this paragraph,  " incidentally operated or moved on a highway"  means travel between a farm and another part of the same farm,  from one farm to another farm or between a farm and a place of repair,  supply or storage.
2. Vehicles driven by enforcement officers of the Arizona game and fish department in conducting night patrols and investigating night poaching activities.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-922 - Lighted lamps required

28-922.
Lighted lamps required
At any time from sunset to sunrise and at any other time when there is not sufficient light to render clearly discernible persons and vehicles on the highway at a distance of five hundred feet ahead,  a vehicle on a highway in this state shall display lighted lamps and illuminating devices as required by this article for different classes of vehicles,  subject to exceptions for parked vehicles as provided in this article.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-923 - Visibility distance; mounted height of lamps

28-923.
Visibility distance;  mounted height of lamps
A. If a requirement is provided in this article as to the distance from which certain lamps and devices shall render objects visible or within which the lamps or devices shall be visible,  the provisions apply during the times stated in section 28-922 with respect to a vehicle without a load when on a straight,  level and unlighted highway under normal atmospheric conditions unless a different time or condition is expressly provided.
B. If a requirement is provided in this article for the mounted height of lamps or devices it means from the center of the lamp or device to the level ground on which the vehicle stands when the vehicle is without a load.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-924 - Motor vehicle head lamps

28-924.
Motor vehicle head lamps
A. A motor vehicle other than a motorcycle,  an all-terrain vehicle or a motor driven cycle shall be equipped with at least two head lamps with at least one on each side of the front of the motor vehicle. The head lamps shall comply with the requirements and limitations of this article.
B. A motorcycle,  an all-terrain vehicle and a motor driven cycle shall be equipped with at least one and not more than two head lamps that comply with the requirements and limitations of this article.
C. A head lamp on a motor vehicle,  including a motorcycle,  an all-terrain vehicle and a motor driven cycle,  shall be located at a height of not more than fifty-four inches nor less than twenty-two inches to be measured as provided in section 28-923,  subsection B.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-925 - Tail lamps

28-925.
Tail lamps
A. A motor vehicle,  trailer,  semitrailer and pole trailer and any other vehicle that is being drawn at the end of a train of vehicles shall be equipped with at least one tail lamp mounted on the rear. When lighted as required by this article,  each tail lamp shall emit a red light plainly visible from a distance of five hundred feet to the rear,  except that in the case of a train of vehicles,  only the tail lamp on the rearmost vehicle need actually be seen from the distance specified.
B. A tail lamp on a vehicle shall be located at a height of not more than seventy-two inches nor less than fifteen inches to be measured as provided in section 28-923,  subsection B.
C. Either a tail lamp or a separate lamp shall be constructed and placed in a manner that illuminates with a white light the rear license plate and renders it clearly legible from a distance of fifty feet to the rear. A tail lamp or tail lamps together with any separate lamp for illuminating the rear license plate shall be wired to provide that the tail lamp or lamps are lighted whenever the head lamps or auxiliary driving lamps are lighted.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-926 - New motor vehicles; reflectors

28-926.
New motor vehicles;  reflectors
A. Except as provided in subsection B of this section,  a new motor vehicle sold and operated on a highway,  other than a truck tractor,  shall carry on the rear,  either as a part of the tail lamps or separately,  either:
1. Two red reflectors that comply with this section.
2. If it is a motorcycle or a motor driven cycle,  at least one reflector that complies with this section.
B. A vehicle of the type provided in section 28-929 shall be equipped with reflectors as required in that section.
C. A reflector shall be mounted on the vehicle at a height of not less than twenty inches nor more than sixty inches measured as provided in section 28-923,  subsection B and shall be of such size and characteristics and so mounted as to be visible at night from all distances within three hundred feet to fifty feet from the vehicle when directly in front of lawful upper beams of head lamps,  except that visibility from a greater distance is required of reflectors on certain types of vehicles.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-927 - Stop lamps; peace officers; warnings

28-927.
Stop lamps;  peace officers;  warnings
A. A person shall not sell a new motor vehicle,  including a motorcycle or motor driven cycle,  in this state unless it is equipped with a stop lamp and every stop lamp on the vehicle meets the requirements of section 28-939.
B. A person may not drive a vehicle on the highways unless it is equipped with a stop lamp and every stop lamp on the vehicle meets the requirements of section 28-939.
C. The first violation of subsection B of this section is not a civil traffic violation and may not result in a citation. A peace officer may issue a verbal or written warning or notice to repair to a person for the first violation of subsection B of this section.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-928 - Applicability of lighting laws

28-928.
Applicability of lighting laws
The sections of this article,  including sections 28-929 through 28-934,  relating to clearance and marker lamps,  reflectors and stoplights,  apply as stated in those sections to vehicles of the type enumerated in the sections,  namely passenger buses,  trucks,  truck tractors and certain trailers,  semitrailers and pole trailers,  respectively,  when operated on a highway. These vehicles shall be equipped as required and all lamp equipment required shall be lighted at the times mentioned in section 28-922,  except that clearance and side marker lamps need not be lighted on a vehicle when operated within any municipality where there is sufficient light to render clearly discernible persons and vehicles on the highway at a distance of five hundred feet.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-929 - Additional lighting equipment required on certain vehicles

28-929.
Additional lighting equipment required on certain vehicles
In addition to other equipment required in this article,  the following vehicles shall be equipped with the following equipment under the conditions stated in section 28-928:
1. On a bus or truck regardless of size,  on the rear,  two reflectors,  one at each side,  and two stoplights.
2. On a bus or truck eighty inches or more in overall width,  in addition to the requirements in paragraph 1 of this section:
(a) On the front,  two clearance lamps,  one at each side.
(b) On the rear,  two clearance lamps,  one at each side.
(c) On each side,  two side marker lamps,  one at or near the front and one at or near the rear. Vehicles that exceed thirty feet in length shall have a third side marker lamp at the midpoint between the front and rear marker lamps.
(d) On each side,  two reflectors,  one at or near the front and one at or near the rear. Vehicles that exceed thirty feet in length shall have a third reflector at the midpoint between the front and rear reflectors.
3. On a truck tractor:
(a) On the front,  two clearance lamps,  one at each side.
(b) On the rear,  two stoplights.
4. On a trailer or semitrailer with a gross weight of more than three thousand pounds:
(a) On the front,  two clearance lamps,  one at each side.
(b) On each side,  two side marker lamps,  one at or near the front and one at or near the rear. Vehicles that exceed thirty feet in length shall have a third side marker lamp at the midpoint between the front and rear marker lamps.
(c) On each side,  two reflectors,  one at or near the front and one at or near the rear. Vehicles that exceed thirty feet in length shall have a third reflector at the midpoint between the front and rear reflectors.
(d) On the rear,  two clearance lamps,  one at each side,  and two reflectors,  one at each side,  and two stoplights.
5. On a pole trailer with a gross weight of more than three thousand pounds:
(a) On each side,  one side marker lamp and one clearance lamp that may be in combination,  to show to the front,  side and rear.
(b) On the rear of the pole trailer or load,  two reflectors,  one at each side.
6. On a trailer,  semitrailer or pole trailer with a gross weight of three thousand pounds or less:
(a) On the rear,  two reflectors,  one on each side.
(b) Two stoplights on a trailer or semitrailer if it is loaded in such a manner or is of such dimensions as to obscure the stoplight on the towing vehicle.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-930 - School bus lighting equipment; standards and specifications

28-930.
School bus lighting equipment;  standards and specifications
A. The director may adopt standards and specifications applicable to lighting equipment on and special warning devices to be carried by school buses consistent with and supplemental to this article. The standards and specifications may designate and permit the use of alternately flashing warning signal lights on school buses for the purpose of indicating when children are boarding or alighting from a school bus. The standards and specifications shall correlate with and,  as far as possible,  conform to the current specifications as approved by the society of automotive engineers.
B. A person shall operate an alternately flashing warning signal light on any school bus when the school bus is a minimum of one hundred feet from a stop or is stopped on a highway for the purpose of permitting school children to board or alight from it.
C. A school bus may be equipped with alternately flashing red strobe lamps on the octagonal signal manually operated by the school bus operator pursuant to section 28-857,  subsection D.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-931 - Lamp colors

28-931.
Lamp colors
A. Front clearance lamps and those marker lamps and reflectors mounted on the front or on the side near the front of a vehicle shall display or reflect an amber color.
B. Rear clearance lamps and those marker lamps and reflectors mounted on the rear or on the sides near the rear of a vehicle shall display or reflect a red color.
C. All lighting devices and reflectors mounted on the rear of any vehicle shall display or reflect a red color,  except that:
1. The stoplight or other signal device may be red,  amber or yellow,  except on a commercial vehicle,  as defined in section 28-2231,  the stoplight shall be red and the other signal devices shall be red or amber.
2. The light illuminating the license plate or the light emitted by a backup lamp shall be white.