reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 2 - JUDICIAL OFFICERS › CHAPTER 3 - Disqualifications of Judges › Section 170.5.

170.5. For the purposes of Sections 170 to 170.5, inclusive, the following definitions apply:
(a) “Judge” means judges of the superior courts, and court commissioners and referees.
(b) “Financial interest” means ownership of more than a 1 percent legal or equitable interest in a party, or a legal or equitable interest in a party of a fair market value in excess of one thousand five hundred dollars ($1,500), or a relationship as director, advisor or other active participant in the affairs of a party, except as follows:
(1) Ownership in a mutual or common investment fund that holds securities is not a “financial interest” in those securities unless the judge participates in the management of the fund.
(2) An office in an educational, religious, charitable, fraternal, or civic organization is not a “financial interest” in securities held by the organization.
(3) The proprietary interest of a policyholder in a mutual insurance company, or a depositor in a mutual savings association, or a similar proprietary interest, is a “financial interest” in the organization only if the outcome of the proceeding could substantially affect the value of the interest.
(c) “Officer of a public agency” does not include a Member of the Legislature or a state or local agency official acting in a legislative capacity.
(d) The third degree of relationship shall be calculated according to the civil law system.
(e) “Private practice of law” includes a fee for service, retainer, or salaried representation of private clients or public agencies, but excludes lawyers as full-time employees of public agencies or lawyers working exclusively for legal aid offices, public defender offices, or similar nonprofit entities whose clientele is by law restricted to the indigent.
(f) “Proceeding” means the action, case, cause, motion, or special proceeding to be tried or heard by the judge.
(g) “Fiduciary” includes any executor, trustee, guardian, or administrator.
(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 784, Sec. 35. Effective January 1, 2003.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 2 - JUDICIAL OFFICERS › CHAPTER 3 - Disqualifications of Judges › Section 170.7.

170.7. Section 170.6 does not apply to a judge designated or assigned to serve on the appellate division of a superior court in the judge’s capacity as a judge of that division.
(Amended by Stats. 1998, Ch. 931, Sec. 48. Effective September 28, 1998.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 2 - JUDICIAL OFFICERS › CHAPTER 3 - Disqualifications of Judges › Section 170.8.

170.8. When there is no judge of a court qualified to hear an action or proceeding, the clerk shall forthwith notify the Chairman of the Judicial Council of that fact. The judge assigned by the Chairman of the Judicial Council shall hear the action or proceeding at the time fixed therefor or, if no time has been fixed or good cause appears for changing the time theretofore fixed, the judge shall fix a time for hearing in accordance with law and rules and hear the action or proceeding at the time so fixed.
(Amended by Stats. 1989, Ch. 1417, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 2 - JUDICIAL OFFICERS › CHAPTER 4 - Incidental Powers and Duties of Judicial Officers › Section 177.

177. A judicial officer shall have power:
(a) To preserve and enforce order in the officer’s immediate presence, and in proceedings before the officer, when the officer is engaged in the performance of official duty.
(b) To compel obedience to the officer’s lawful orders as provided in this code.
(c) To compel the attendance of persons to testify in a proceeding before the officer, in the cases and manner provided in this code.
(d) To administer oaths to persons in a proceeding pending before the officer, and in all other cases where it may be necessary in the exercise of the officer’s powers and duties.
(e) To prohibit activities that threaten access to state courthouses and court proceedings, and to prohibit interruption of judicial administration, including protecting the privilege from civil arrest at courthouses and court proceedings.
(Amended by Stats. 2019, Ch. 787, Sec. 3. (AB 668) Effective January 1, 2020.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 2 - JUDICIAL OFFICERS › CHAPTER 4 - Incidental Powers and Duties of Judicial Officers › Section 177.5.

177.5. A judicial officer shall have the power to impose reasonable money sanctions, not to exceed fifteen hundred dollars ($1,500), notwithstanding any other provision of law, payable to the court, for any violation of a lawful court order by a person, done without good cause or substantial justification. This power shall not apply to advocacy of counsel before the court. For the purposes of this section, the term “person” includes a witness, a party, a party’s attorney, or both.
Sanctions pursuant to this section shall not be imposed except on notice contained in a party’s moving or responding papers; or on the court’s own motion, after notice and opportunity to be heard. An order imposing sanctions shall be in writing and shall recite in detail the conduct or circumstances justifying the order.
(Amended by Stats. 2005, Ch. 75, Sec. 27. Effective July 19, 2005. Operative January 1, 2006, by Sec. 156 of Ch. 75.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 2 - JUDICIAL OFFICERS › CHAPTER 4 - Incidental Powers and Duties of Judicial Officers › Section 178.

178. For the effectual exercise of the powers conferred by the last section, a judicial officer may punish for contempt in the cases provided in this Code.
(Repealed and added by Code Amendments 1880, Ch. 35.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 2 - JUDICIAL OFFICERS › CHAPTER 4 - Incidental Powers and Duties of Judicial Officers › Section 179.

179. Each of the justices of the Supreme Court and of any court of appeal and the judges of the superior courts, shall have power in any part of the state to take and certify:
(a) The proof and acknowledgment of a conveyance of real property, or of any other written instrument.
(b) The acknowledgment of satisfaction of a judgment of any court.
(c) An affidavit or deposition to be used in this state.
(Amended by Stats. 2003, Ch. 62, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2004.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 2 - JUDICIAL OFFICERS › CHAPTER 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions Respecting Courts of Justice › Section 182.

182. The heading to this chapter shall not be deemed to govern or limit the scope or meaning of this chapter.
(Added by Stats. 1955, Ch. 59.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 2 - JUDICIAL OFFICERS › CHAPTER 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions Respecting Courts of Justice › Section 184.

184. No proceeding in any court of justice, in an action or special proceeding pending therein, shall be affected by a vacancy in the office of all or any of the judges or justices thereof.
(Amended by Stats. 1933, Ch. 743.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 2 - JUDICIAL OFFICERS › CHAPTER 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions Respecting Courts of Justice › Section 185.

185. (a) Every written proceeding in a court of justice in this state shall be in the English language, and judicial proceedings shall be conducted, preserved, and published in no other. Nothing in this section shall prohibit a court from providing an unofficial translation of a court order issued pursuant to Section 527.6 or 527.8 of the Code of Civil Procedure, or Part 1 (commencing with Section 6200) of Division 10 of the Family Code, or Section 136.2 of the Penal Code, in a language other than English.
(b) The Judicial Council shall, by July 1, 2001, make available to all courts, translations of domestic violence protective order forms in languages other than English, as the Judicial Council deems appropriate, for protective orders issued pursuant to Section 527.6 or 527.8 of the Code of Civil Procedure, or Part 1 (commencing with Section 6200) of Division 10 of the Family Code, or Section 136.2 of the Penal Code.
(Amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 662, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2000.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 2 - JUDICIAL OFFICERS › CHAPTER 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions Respecting Courts of Justice › Section 186.

186. Such abbreviations as are in common use may be used, and numbers may be expressed by figures or numerals in the customary manner.
(Repealed and added by Code Amendments 1880, Ch. 35.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 2 - JUDICIAL OFFICERS › CHAPTER 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions Respecting Courts of Justice › Section 187.

187. When jurisdiction is, by the Constitution or this Code, or by any other statute, conferred on a Court or judicial officer, all the means necessary to carry it into effect are also given; and in the exercise of this jurisdiction, if the course of proceeding be not specifically pointed out by this Code or the statute, any suitable process or mode of proceeding may be adopted which may appear most conformable to the spirit of this Code.
(Repealed and added by Code Amendments 1880, Ch. 35.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 190.

190. This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the Trial Jury Selection and Management Act.
(Repealed and added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1245, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 191.

191. The Legislature recognizes that trial by jury is a cherished constitutional right, and that jury service is an obligation of citizenship.
It is the policy of the State of California that all persons selected for jury service shall be selected at random from the population of the area served by the court; that all qualified persons have an equal opportunity, in accordance with this chapter, to be considered for jury service in the state and an obligation to serve as jurors when summoned for that purpose; and that it is the responsibility of jury commissioners to manage all jury systems in an efficient, equitable, and cost-effective manner, in accordance with this chapter.
(Repealed and added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1245, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 192.

192. This chapter applies to the selection of jurors, and the formation of trial juries, for both civil and criminal cases, in all trial courts of the state.
(Repealed and added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1245, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 193.

193. Juries are of three kinds:
(a) Grand juries established pursuant to Title 4 (commencing with Section 888) of Part 2 of the Penal Code.
(b) Trial juries.
(c) Juries of inquest.
(Repealed and added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1245, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 194.

194. The following definitions govern the construction of this chapter:
(a) “County” means any county or any coterminous city and county.
(b) “Court” means a superior court of this state, and includes, when the context requires, any judge of the court.
(c) “Deferred jurors” are those prospective jurors whose request to reschedule their service to a more convenient time is granted by the jury commissioner.
(d) “Excused jurors” are those prospective jurors who are excused from service by the jury commissioner for valid reasons based on statute, state or local court rules, and policies.
(e) “Juror pool” means the group of prospective qualified jurors appearing for assignment to trial jury panels.
(f) “Jury of inquest” is a body of persons summoned from the citizens before the sheriff, coroner, or other ministerial officers, to inquire of particular facts.
(g) “Master list” means a list of names randomly selected from the source lists.
(h) “Potential juror” means any person whose name appears on a source list.
(i) “Prospective juror” means a juror whose name appears on the master list.
(j) “Qualified juror” means a person who meets the statutory qualifications for jury service.
(k) “Qualified juror list” means a list of qualified jurors.
(l) “Random” means that which occurs by mere chance indicating an unplanned sequence of selection where each juror’s name has substantially equal probability of being selected.
(m) “Source list” means a list used as a source of potential jurors.
(n) “Summons list” means a list of prospective or qualified jurors who are summoned to appear or to be available for jury service.
(o) “Trial jurors” are those jurors sworn to try and determine by verdict a question of fact.
(p) “Trial jury” means a body of persons selected from the citizens of the area served by the court and sworn to try and determine by verdict a question of fact.
(q) “Trial jury panel” means a group of prospective jurors assigned to a courtroom for the purpose of voir dire.
(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 784, Sec. 39. Effective January 1, 2003.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 195.

195. (a) In each county, there shall be one jury commissioner who shall be appointed by, and serve at the pleasure of, a majority of the judges of the superior court. In any county where there is a superior court administrator or executive officer, that person shall serve as ex officio jury commissioner. In any court jurisdiction where any person other than a court administrator or clerk/administrator is serving as jury commissioner on the effective date of this section, that person shall continue to so serve at the pleasure of a majority of the judges of the appointing court.
(b) Any jury commissioner may, whenever the business of court requires, appoint deputy jury commissioners. Salaries and benefits of those deputies shall be fixed in the same manner as salaries and benefits of other court employees.
(c) The jury commissioner shall be primarily responsible for managing the jury system under the general supervision of the court in conformance with the purpose and scope of this act. He or she shall have authority to establish policies and procedures necessary to fulfill this responsibility.
(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 784, Sec. 40. Effective January 1, 2003.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 196.

196. (a) The jury commissioner or the court shall inquire as to the qualifications of persons on the master list or source list who are or may be summoned for jury service. The commissioner or the court may require any person to answer, under oath, orally or in written form, all questions as may be addressed to that person, regarding the person’s qualifications and ability to serve as a prospective trial juror. The commissioner and his or her assistants shall have power to administer oaths and shall be allowed actual traveling expenses incurred in the performance of their duties.
(b) Response to the jury commissioner or the court concerning an inquiry or summons may be made by any person having knowledge that the prospective juror is unable to respond to such inquiry or summons.
(c) Any person who fails to respond to jury commissioner or court inquiry as instructed, may be summoned to appear before the jury commissioner or the court to answer the inquiry, or may be deemed to be qualified for jury service in the absence of a response to the inquiry. Any information thus acquired by the court or jury commissioner shall be noted in jury commissioner or court records.
(Amended by Stats. 2003, Ch. 149, Sec. 6. Effective January 1, 2004.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 198.

198. (a) Random selection shall be utilized in creating master and qualified juror lists, commencing with selection from source lists, and continuing through selection of prospective jurors for voir dire.
(b) The jury commissioner shall, at least once in each 12-month period, randomly select names of prospective trial jurors from the source list or lists, to create a master list.
(c) The master jury list shall be used by the jury commissioner, as provided by statute and state and local court rules, for the purpose of (1) mailing juror questionnaires and subsequent creation of a qualified juror list, and (2) summoning prospective jurors to respond or appear for qualification and service.
(Repealed and added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1245, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 198.5.

198.5. If sessions of the superior court are held in a location other than the county seat, the names for master jury lists and qualified jury lists to serve in a session may be selected from the area in which the session is held, pursuant to a local superior court rule that divides the county in a manner that provides all qualified persons in the county an equal opportunity to be considered for jury service. Nothing in this section precludes the court, in its discretion, from ordering a countywide venire in the interest of justice.
(Amended (as amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 784) by Stats. 2003, Ch. 449, Sec. 6. Effective January 1, 2004.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 201.

201. In any superior court, a separate trial jury panel may be drawn, summoned, and impaneled for each judge, or any one panel may be drawn, summoned, and impaneled by any one of the judges, for use in the trial of cases before any of the judges, as occasion may require. In those courts, when a panel of jurors is in attendance for service before one or more of the judges, whether impaneled for common use or not, the whole or any number of the jurors from such panel may be required to attend and serve in the trial of cases, or to complete a panel, or jury, before any other of the judges.
(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 784, Sec. 47. Effective January 1, 2003.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 202.

202. Mechanical, electric, or electronic equipment, which in the opinion of the jury commissioner is satisfactory therefor, may be used in the performance of any function specified by this chapter for the selection and drawing of jurors.
(Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1245, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 203.

203. (a) All persons are eligible and qualified to be prospective trial jurors, except the following:
(1) Persons who are not citizens of the United States.
(2) Persons who are less than 18 years of age.
(3) Persons who are not domiciliaries of the State of California, as determined pursuant to Article 2 (commencing with Section 2020) of Chapter 1 of Division 2 of the Elections Code.
(4) Persons who are not residents of the jurisdiction wherein they are summoned to serve.
(5) Persons who have been convicted of malfeasance in office and whose civil rights have not been restored.
(6) Persons who are not possessed of sufficient knowledge of the English language, provided that no person shall be deemed incompetent solely because of the loss of sight or hearing in any degree or other disability which impedes the person’s ability to communicate or which impairs or interferes with the person’s mobility.
(7) Persons who are serving as grand or trial jurors in any court of this state.
(8) Persons who are the subject of conservatorship.
(9) Persons while they are incarcerated in any prison or jail.
(10) Persons who have been convicted of a felony and are currently on parole, postrelease community supervision, felony probation, or mandated supervision for the conviction of a felony.
(11)  Persons who are currently required to register as a sex offender pursuant to Section 290 of the Penal Code based on a felony conviction.
(b) No person shall be excluded from eligibility for jury service in the State of California, for any reason other than those reasons provided by this section.
(c) The provisions of this section are severable. If any provision of this section or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications that can be given effect without the invalid provision or application.
(Amended by Stats. 2019, Ch. 591, Sec. 1. (SB 310) Effective January 1, 2020.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 204.

204. (a) No eligible person shall be exempt from service as a trial juror by reason of occupation, economic status, or any characteristic listed or defined in Section 11135 of the Government Code, or for any other reason. No person shall be excused from service as a trial juror except as specified in subdivision (b).
(b) An eligible person may be excused from jury service only for undue hardship, upon themselves or upon the public, as defined by the Judicial Council.
(Amended by Stats. 2007, Ch. 568, Sec. 15. Effective January 1, 2008.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 205.

205. (a) If a jury commissioner requires a person to complete a questionnaire, the questionnaire shall ask only questions related to juror identification, qualification, and ability to serve as a prospective juror.
(b) Except as ordered by the court, the questionnaire referred to in subdivision (a) shall be used solely for qualifying prospective jurors, and for management of the jury system, and not for assisting in the courtroom voir dire process of selecting trial jurors for specific cases.
(c) The court may require a prospective juror to complete such additional questionnaires as may be deemed relevant and necessary for assisting in the voir dire process or to ascertain whether a fair cross section of the population is represented as required by law, if such procedures are established by local court rule.
(d) The trial judge may direct a prospective juror to complete additional questionnaires as proposed by counsel in a particular case to assist the voir dire process.
(Repealed and added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1245, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 206.

206. (a) Prior to discharging the jury from the case, the judge in a criminal action shall inform the jurors that they have an absolute right to discuss or not to discuss the deliberation or verdict with anyone. The judge shall also inform the jurors of the provisions set forth in subdivisions (b), (d), and (e).
(b) Following the discharge of the jury in a criminal case, the defendant, or his or her attorney or representative, or the prosecutor, or his or her representative, may discuss the jury deliberation or verdict with a member of the jury, provided that the juror consents to the discussion and that the discussion takes place at a reasonable time and place.
(c) If a discussion of the jury deliberation or verdict with a member of the jury pursuant to subdivision (b) occurs at any time more than 24 hours after the verdict, prior to discussing the jury deliberation or verdict with a member of a jury pursuant to subdivision (b), the defendant or his or her attorney or representative, or the prosecutor or his or her representative, shall inform the juror of the identity of the case, the party in that case which the person represents, the subject of the interview , the absolute right of the juror to discuss or not discuss the deliberations or verdict in the case with the person, and the juror’s right to review and have a copy of any declaration filed with the court.
(d) Any unreasonable contact with a juror by the defendant, or his or her attorney or representative, or by the prosecutor, or his or her representative, without the juror’s consent shall be immediately reported to the trial judge.
(e) Any violation of this section shall be considered a violation of a lawful court order and shall be subject to reasonable monetary sanctions in accordance with Section 177.5 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
(f) Nothing in the section shall prohibit a peace officer from investigating an allegation of criminal conduct.
(g) Pursuant to Section 237, a defendant or defendant’s counsel may, following the recording of a jury’s verdict in a criminal proceeding, petition the court for access to personal juror identifying information within the court’s records necessary for the defendant to communicate with jurors for the purpose of developing a motion for new trial or any other lawful purpose. This information consists of jurors’ names, addresses, and telephone numbers. The court shall consider all requests for personal juror identifying information pursuant to Section 237.
(Amended by Stats. 2000, Ch. 242, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2001.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 207.

207. (a) The jury commissioner shall maintain records regarding selection, qualification, and assignment of prospective jurors.
(b) The jury commissioner shall maintain records providing a clear audit trail regarding a juror’s attendance, jury fees, and mileage.
(c) All records and papers maintained or compiled by the jury commissioner in connection with the selection or service of a juror may be kept on an electronic or microfilm medium and such records shall be preserved for at least three years after the list used in their selection is prepared, or for any longer period ordered by the court or the jury commissioner.
(Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1245, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 208.

208. The jury commissioner shall estimate the number of prospective jurors that may be required to serve the needs of the court, and shall summon prospective jurors for service. Prospective jurors shall be summoned by mailing a summons by first-class mail or by personal service or, in urgency situations, as elsewhere provided by law. The summons, when served by mail, shall be mailed at least 10 days prior to the date of required appearance. Once a prospective juror has been summoned, the date, time, or place of appearance may be modified or further specified by the jury commissioner, by means of written, telegraphic, telephonic, or direct oral communication with the prospective juror.
(Amended by Stats. 2003, Ch. 149, Sec. 7. Effective January 1, 2004.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 210.

210. The summons shall contain the date, time, and place of appearance required of the prospective juror or, alternatively, instructions as to the procedure for calling the jury commissioner for telephonic instructions for appearance as well as such additional juror information as deemed appropriate by the jury commissioner.
(Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1245, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 210.5.

210.5. The Judicial Council shall adopt a standardized jury summons for use, with appropriate modifications, around the state, that is understandable and has consumer appeal. The standardized jury summons shall include a specific reference to the rules for breast-feeding mothers. The use of the standardized jury summons shall be voluntary, unless otherwise prescribed by the rules of court.
(Added by Stats. 2000, Ch. 266, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2001.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 211.

211. When a court has no prospective jurors remaining available for voir dire from panels furnished by, or available from, the jury commissioner, and finds that not proceeding with voir dire will place a party’s right to a trial by jury in jeopardy, the court may direct the sheriff or marshal to summon, serve, and immediately attach the person of a sufficient number of citizens having the qualifications of jurors, to complete the panel.
(Amended by Stats. 1996, Ch. 872, Sec. 7. Effective January 1, 1997.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 213.

213. Unless excused by reason of undue hardship, all or any portion of the summoned prospective jurors shall be available on one-hour notice by telephone to appear for service, when the jury commissioner determines that it will efficiently serve the operational requirements of the court.
Jurors available on one-hour telephone notice shall receive credit for each day of such availability towards their jury service obligation, but they shall not be paid unless they are actually required to make an appearance.
(Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1245, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 214.

214. The jury commissioner shall provide orientation for new jurors, which shall include necessary basic information concerning jury service. The jury commissioner shall notify each juror of the provisions of Section 230 of the Labor Code.
(Amended by Stats. 1989, Ch. 1416, Sec. 8.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 215.

215. (a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), on and after July 1, 2000, the fee for jurors in the superior court, in civil and criminal cases, is fifteen dollars ($15) a day for each day’s attendance as a juror after the first day.
(b) A juror who is employed by a federal, state, or local government entity, or by any other public entity as defined in Section 481.200, and who receives regular compensation and benefits while performing jury service, shall not be paid the fee described in subdivision (a).
(c) All jurors in the superior court, in civil and criminal cases, shall be reimbursed for mileage at the rate of thirty-four cents ($0.34) per mile for each mile actually traveled in attending and returning from court as a juror after the first day.
(d) All jurors and prospective jurors who have been summoned shall be provided with access to existing public transit services at no cost utilizing one of the following options:
(1) Courts may partner with public transit operators in their county to create new programs or continue existing public transit programs that provide no-cost service for jurors and prospective jurors who have been summoned.
(2) A method of reimbursement determined by the court up to a daily maximum of twelve dollars ($12).
(e) Subdivision (d) does not apply to a court in an area where a public transit operator does not provide existing service that is reasonably available to the court facility.
(f) In determining whether transit service is reasonably available to the court facility, the court shall consider factors that include, but are not limited to, all of the following:
(1) Proximity of transit service to the court location.
(2) Hours of operation of transit service in the vicinity of the court location.
(3) Frequency of operation of transit service in the vicinity of the court location.
(4) Availability of transit access to all areas of the court’s jurisdiction from which a potential juror may reside.
(g) Prior to determining that transit service is not reasonably available to the court facility, the court shall contact the public transit operator to inquire whether new transit options may be implemented near the court.
(Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 326, Sec. 2. (AB 1981) Effective January 1, 2023.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 216.

216. (a) At each court facility where jury cases are heard, the court shall provide a deliberation room or rooms for use of jurors when they have retired for deliberation. The deliberation rooms shall be designed to minimize unwarranted intrusions by other persons in the court facility, shall have suitable furnishings, equipment, and supplies, and shall also have restroom accommodations for male and female jurors.
(b) Unless authorized by the jury commissioner, jury assembly facilities shall be restricted to use by jurors and jury commissioner staff.
(Amended by Stats. 2020, Ch. 210, Sec. 1. (AB 1984) Effective January 1, 2021.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 217.

217. In criminal cases only, while the jury is kept together, either during the progress of the trial or after their retirement for deliberation, the court may direct the sheriff or marshal to provide the jury with suitable and sufficient food and lodging, or other reasonable necessities. The expenses incurred under this section shall be charged against the Trial Court Operations Fund of the county in which the court is held. All those expenses shall be paid on the order of the court.
(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 784, Sec. 49. Effective January 1, 2003.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 218.

218. The jury commissioner shall hear the excuses of jurors summoned, in accordance with the standards prescribed by the Judicial Council. It shall be left to the discretion of the jury commissioner to accept an excuse under subdivision (b) of Section 204 without a personal appearance. All excuses shall be in writing setting forth the basis of the request and shall be signed by the juror.
(Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1245, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 219.

219. (a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), the jury commissioner shall randomly select jurors for jury panels to be sent to courtrooms for voir dire.
(b) (1) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), no peace officer, as defined in Section 830.1, subdivision (a) of Section 830.2, and subdivision (a) of Section 830.33, of the Penal Code, shall be selected for voir dire in civil or criminal matters.
(2) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), no peace officer, as defined in subdivisions (b) and (c) of Section 830.2 of the Penal Code, shall be selected for voir dire in criminal matters.
(Amended by Stats. 2001, Ch. 55, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2002.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 219.5.

219.5. The Judicial Council shall adopt a rule of court, on or before January 1, 2005, requiring the trial courts to establish procedures for jury service that gives peace officers, as defined by Section 830.5 of the Penal Code, scheduling accommodations when necessary.
(Added by Stats. 2003, Ch. 353, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2004.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 220.

220. A trial jury shall consist of 12 persons, except that in civil actions and cases of misdemeanor, it may consist of 12 or any number less than 12, upon which the parties may agree.
(Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1245, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 222.

222. (a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), when an action is called for trial by jury, the clerk shall randomly select the names of the jurors for voir dire, until the jury is selected or the panel is exhausted.
(b) When the jury commissioner has provided the court with a listing of the trial jury panel in random order, the court shall seat prospective jurors for voir dire in the order provided by the panel list.
(Amended by Stats. 2007, Ch. 263, Sec. 4. Effective January 1, 2008.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 224.

224. (a) If a party does not cause the removal by challenge of an individual juror who is deaf, hard of hearing, blind, visually impaired, or speech impaired and who requires auxiliary services to facilitate communication, the party shall stipulate to the presence of a service provider in the jury room during jury deliberations, and prepare and deliver to the court proposed jury instructions to the service provider.
(b) As used in this section, “service provider” includes, but is not limited to, a person who is a sign language interpreter, oral interpreter, deaf-blind interpreter, reader, or speech interpreter. If auxiliary services are required during the course of jury deliberations, the court shall instruct the jury and the service provider that the service provider for the juror with a disability is not to participate in the jury’s deliberations in any manner except to facilitate communication between the juror with a disability and other jurors.
(c) The court shall appoint a service provider whose services are needed by a juror with a disability to facilitate communication or participation. A sign language interpreter, oral interpreter, or deaf-blind interpreter appointed pursuant to this section shall be a qualified interpreter, as defined in subdivision (f) of Section 754 of the Evidence Code. Service providers appointed by the court under this subdivision shall be compensated in the same manner as provided in subdivision (i) of Section 754 of the Evidence Code.
(Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 94, Sec. 3. (AB 1709) Effective January 1, 2017.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 225.

225. A challenge is an objection made to the trial jurors that may be taken by any party to the action, and is of the following classes and types:
(a) A challenge to the trial jury panel for cause.
(1) A challenge to the panel may only be taken before a trial jury is sworn. The challenge shall be reduced to writing, and shall plainly and distinctly state the facts constituting the ground of challenge.
(2) Reasonable notice of the challenge to the jury panel shall be given to all parties and to the jury commissioner, by service of a copy thereof.
(3) The jury commissioner shall be permitted the services of legal counsel in connection with challenges to the jury panel.
(b) A challenge to a prospective juror by either:
(1) A challenge for cause, for one of the following reasons:
(A) General disqualification—that the juror is disqualified from serving in the action on trial.
(B) Implied bias—as, when the existence of the facts as ascertained, in judgment of law disqualifies the juror.
(C) Actual bias—the existence of a state of mind on the part of the juror in reference to the case, or to any of the parties, which will prevent the juror from acting with entire impartiality, and without prejudice to the substantial rights of any party.
(2) A peremptory challenge to a prospective juror.
(Repealed and added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1245, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 226.

226. (a) A challenge to an individual juror may only be made before the jury is sworn.
(b) A challenge to an individual juror may be taken orally or may be made in writing, but no reason need be given for a peremptory challenge, and the court shall exclude any juror challenged peremptorily.
(c) All challenges for cause shall be exercised before any peremptory challenges may be exercised.
(d) All challenges to an individual juror, except a peremptory challenge, shall be taken, first by the defendants, and then by the people or plaintiffs.
(Repealed and added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1245, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 227.

227. The challenges of either party for cause need not all be taken at once, but they may be taken separately, in the following order, including in each challenge all the causes of challenge belonging to the same class and type:
(a) To the panel.
(b) To an individual juror, for a general disqualification.
(c) To an individual juror, for an implied bias.
(d) To an individual juror, for an actual bias.
(Repealed and added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1245, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 228.

228. Challenges for general disqualification may be taken on one or both of the following grounds, and for no other:
(a) A want of any of the qualifications prescribed by this code to render a person competent as a juror.
(b) The existence of any incapacity which satisfies the court that the challenged person is incapable of performing the duties of a juror in the particular action without prejudice to the substantial rights of the challenging party.
(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 1008, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2003.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 229.

229. A challenge for implied bias may be taken for one or more of the following causes, and for no other:
(a) Consanguinity or affinity within the fourth degree to any party, to an officer of a corporation which is a party, or to any alleged witness or victim in the case at bar.
(b) Standing in the relation of, or being the parent, spouse, or child of one who stands in the relation of, guardian and ward, conservator and conservatee, master and servant, employer and clerk, landlord and tenant, principal and agent, or debtor and creditor, to either party or to an officer of a corporation which is a party, or being a member of the family of either party; or a partner in business with either party; or surety on any bond or obligation for either party, or being the holder of bonds or shares of capital stock of a corporation which is a party; or having stood within one year previous to the filing of the complaint in the action in the relation of attorney and client with either party or with the attorney for either party. A depositor of a bank or a holder of a savings account in a savings and loan association shall not be deemed a creditor of that bank or savings and loan association for the purpose of this paragraph solely by reason of his or her being a depositor or account holder.
(c) Having served as a trial or grand juror or on a jury of inquest in a civil or criminal action or been a witness on a previous or pending trial between the same parties, or involving the same specific offense or cause of action; or having served as a trial or grand juror or on a jury within one year previously in any criminal or civil action or proceeding in which either party was the plaintiff or defendant or in a criminal action where either party was the defendant.
(d) Interest on the part of the juror in the event of the action, or in the main question involved in the action, except his or her interest as a member or citizen or taxpayer of a county, city and county, incorporated city or town, or other political subdivision of a county, or municipal water district.
(e) Having an unqualified opinion or belief as to the merits of the action founded upon knowledge of its material facts or of some of them.
(f) The existence of a state of mind in the juror evincing enmity against, or bias towards, either party.
(g) That the juror is party to an action pending in the court for which he or she is drawn and which action is set for trial before the panel of which the juror is a member.
(h) If the offense charged is punishable with death, the entertaining of such conscientious opinions as would preclude the juror finding the defendant guilty; in which case the juror may neither be permitted nor compelled to serve.
(Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1245, Sec. 2.)