reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 230.

230. Challenges for cause shall be tried by the court. The juror challenged and any other person may be examined as a witness in the trial of the challenge, and shall truthfully answer all questions propounded to them.
(Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1245, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 231.5.

231.5. A party shall not use a peremptory challenge to remove a prospective juror on the basis of an assumption that the prospective juror is biased merely because of a characteristic listed or defined in Section 11135 of the Government Code, or similar grounds.
(Amended by Stats. 2015, Ch. 115, Sec. 1. (AB 87) Effective January 1, 2016.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 232.

232. (a) Prior to the examination of prospective trial jurors in the panel assigned for voir dire, the following perjury acknowledgement and agreement shall be obtained from the panel, which shall be acknowledged by the prospective jurors with the statement “I do”:
“Do you, and each of you, understand and agree that you will accurately and truthfully answer, under penalty of perjury, all questions propounded to you concerning your qualifications and competency to serve as a trial juror in the matter pending before this court; and that failure to do so may subject you to criminal prosecution.”
(b) As soon as the selection of the trial jury is completed, the following acknowledgment and agreement shall be obtained from the trial jurors, which shall be acknowledged by the statement “I do”:
“Do you and each of you understand and agree that you will well and truly try the cause now pending before this court, and a true verdict render according only to the evidence presented to you and to the instructions of the court.”
(Amended by Stats. 1989, Ch. 1416, Sec. 10.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 233.

233. If, before the jury has returned its verdict to the court, a juror becomes sick or, upon other good cause shown to the court, is found to be unable to perform his or her duty, the court may order the juror to be discharged. If any alternate jurors have been selected as provided by law, one of them shall then be designated by the court to take the place of the juror so discharged. If after all alternate jurors have been made regular jurors or if there is no alternate juror, a juror becomes sick or otherwise unable to perform the juror’s duty and has been discharged by the court as provided in this section, the jury shall be discharged and a new jury then or afterwards impaneled, and the cause may again be tried. Alternatively, with the consent of all parties, the trial may proceed with only the remaining jurors, or another juror may be sworn and the trial begin anew.
(Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1245, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 234.

234. Whenever, in the opinion of a judge of a superior court about to try a civil or criminal action or proceeding, the trial is likely to be a protracted one, or upon stipulation of the parties, the court may cause an entry to that effect to be made in the minutes of the court and thereupon, immediately after the jury is impaneled and sworn, the court may direct the calling of one or more additional jurors, in its discretion, to be known as “alternate jurors.”
These alternate jurors shall be drawn from the same source, and in the same manner, and have the same qualifications, as the jurors already sworn, and shall be subject to the same examination and challenges. However, each side, or each defendant, as provided in Section 231, shall be entitled to as many peremptory challenges to the alternate jurors as there are alternate jurors called.
The alternate jurors shall be seated so as to have equal power and facilities for seeing and hearing the proceedings in the case, and shall take the same oath as the jurors already selected, and shall, unless excused by the court, attend at all times upon the trial of the cause in company with the other jurors, but shall not participate in deliberation unless ordered by the court, and for a failure to do so are liable to be punished for contempt.
They shall obey the orders of and be bound by the admonition of the court, upon each adjournment of the court; but if the regular jurors are ordered to be kept in the custody of the sheriff or marshal during the trial of the cause, the alternate jurors shall also be kept in confinement with the other jurors; and upon final submission of the case to the jury, the alternate jurors shall be kept in the custody of the sheriff or marshal who shall not suffer any communication to be made to them except by order of the court, and shall not be discharged until the original jurors are discharged, except as provided in this section.
If at any time, whether before or after the final submission of the case to the jury, a juror dies or becomes ill, or upon other good cause shown to the court is found to be unable to perform his or her duty, or if a juror requests a discharge and good cause appears therefor, the court may order the juror to be discharged and draw the name of an alternate, who shall then take his or her place in the jury box, and be subject to the same rules and regulations as though he or she had been selected as one of the original jurors.
All laws relative to fees, expenses, and mileage or transportation of jurors shall be applicable to alternate jurors, except that in civil cases the sums for fees and mileage or transportation need not be deposited until the judge directs alternate jurors to be impaneled.
(Amended by Stats. 2010, Ch. 328, Sec. 33. (SB 1330) Effective January 1, 2011.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 235.

235. At the request of the sheriff, coroner, or other ministerial officer, the jury commissioner shall provide such prospective jurors as may be required to form a jury of inquest. Prospective jurors so provided shall be selected, obligated, and compensated in the same manner as other jurors selected under the provisions of this chapter.
(Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1245, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 236.

236. When six or more prospective jurors of inquest attend, they shall be sworn by the coroner to inquire who the person was, and when, where, and by what means the person came to his or her death, to inquire into the circumstances attending the death, and to render a true verdict thereon, according to the evidence offered them or arising from the inspection of the body.
(Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1245, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 1 - Trial Jury Selection and Management Act › Section 241.

241. (a) The Judicial Council shall sponsor a pilot program for two fiscal years to study whether increases in juror compensation and mileage reimbursement rates increase juror diversity and participation. The Judicial Council shall select at least six trial courts, in counties with regional and geographic diversity, including the County of Alameda, to participate in the pilot program.
(b) As part of the pilot program, the participating pilot courts shall collect demographic information, as reported by jurors.
(c) No later than September 1, 2026, the Judicial Council shall provide a report to the Legislature pursuant to Section 9795 of the Government Code describing the findings of the pilot program and providing information for promoting juror diversity.
(d) The Judicial Council may enlist the services of a consultant to conduct the study.
(e) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2027, and as of that date is repealed.
(Added by Stats. 2022, Ch. 326, Sec. 3. (AB 1981) Effective January 1, 2023. Repealed as of January 1, 2027, by its own provisions.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 3 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH POWERS OF A JUDICIAL NATURE › CHAPTER 2 - Court Commissioners › Section 259.

259. Subject to the supervision of the court, every court commissioner shall have power to do all of the following:
(a) Hear and determine ex parte motions for orders and alternative writs and writs of habeas corpus in the superior court for which the court commissioner is appointed.
(b) Take proof and make and report findings thereon as to any matter of fact upon which information is required by the court. Any party to any contested proceeding may except to the report and the subsequent order of the court made thereon within five days after written notice of the court’s action. A copy of the exceptions shall be filed and served upon opposing party or counsel within the five days. The party may argue any exceptions before the court on giving notice of motion for that purpose within 10 days from entry thereof. After a hearing before the court on the exceptions, the court may sustain, or set aside, or modify its order.
(c) Take and approve any bonds and undertakings in actions or proceedings, and determine objections to the bonds and undertakings.
(d) Act as temporary judge when otherwise qualified so to act and when appointed for that purpose, on stipulation of the parties litigant. While acting as temporary judge the commissioner shall receive no compensation therefor other than compensation as commissioner.
(e) Hear and report findings and conclusions to the court for approval, rejection, or change, all preliminary matters including motions or petitions for the custody and support of children, the allowance of temporary spousal support, costs and attorneys’ fees, and issues of fact in contempt proceedings in proceedings for support, dissolution of marriage, nullity of marriage, or legal separation.
(f) Hear actions to establish paternity and to establish or enforce child and spousal support pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 4251 of the Family Code.
(g) Hear, report on, and determine all uncontested actions and proceedings subject to the requirements of subdivision (d).
(Amended by Stats. 2004, Ch. 49, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2005.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 4 - MINISTERIAL OFFICERS OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 1 - Of Ministerial Officers Generally › Section 262.

262. The direction or authority of a party or his or her attorney to a sheriff, in respect to the execution of process or return thereof, or to any related act or omission, is not available to discharge or excuse the sheriff from a liability for neglect or misconduct, unless it is contained in written instructions by the attorney of the party, including the signature and name of the attorney of the party, or by the party, if he or she has no attorney. Subject to subdivision (c) of Section 263, the instructions may be transmitted electronically pursuant to Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 263).
(Amended by Stats. 2010, Ch. 680, Sec. 1. (AB 2394) Effective January 1, 2011.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 4 - MINISTERIAL OFFICERS OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 1 - Of Ministerial Officers Generally › Section 262.1.

262.1. A sheriff or other ministerial officer is justified in the execution of, and shall execute, all process and orders regular on their face and issued by competent authority, whatever may be the defect in the proceedings upon which they were issued.
(Added by Stats. 1951, Ch. 655.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 4 - MINISTERIAL OFFICERS OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 1 - Of Ministerial Officers Generally › Section 262.2.

262.2. Except as otherwise provided, the officer executing process shall, so long as he or she retains the original process, show it to any interested person, upon request. The officer shall show the process, with all papers, or electronic copies of all papers, attached, at his or her office whenever the office is open for business.
(Amended by Stats. 2010, Ch. 680, Sec. 2. (AB 2394) Effective January 1, 2011.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 4 - MINISTERIAL OFFICERS OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 1 - Of Ministerial Officers Generally › Section 262.3.

262.3. When any process remains with the sheriff unexecuted, in whole or in part, at the time of his death, resignation of office, or at the expiration of his term of office, such process shall be executed by his successor or successors in office.
(Added by Stats. 1951, Ch. 655.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 4 - MINISTERIAL OFFICERS OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 1 - Of Ministerial Officers Generally › Section 262.4.

262.4. If the sheriff sells real estate, under and by virtue of an execution or order of court, the sheriff, or his or her successors in office, shall execute and deliver to the purchaser or purchasers all deeds and conveyances required by law and necessary for the purpose, and those deeds and conveyances shall be valid in law as if they had been executed by the sheriff who made the sale. The deeds and conveyances may be recorded electronically pursuant to Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 263) if they comply with the Electronic Recording Delivery Act of 2004 (Article 6 (commencing with Section 27390) of Chapter 6 of Part 3 of Division 2 of Title 3 of the Government Code).
(Amended by Stats. 2010, Ch. 680, Sec. 3. (AB 2394) Effective January 1, 2011.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 4 - MINISTERIAL OFFICERS OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 1 - Of Ministerial Officers Generally › Section 262.5.

262.5. Service of a paper, other than process, upon the sheriff may be made by delivering it to him or to one of his deputies, or to a person in charge of the office during office hours, or, if no such person is there, by leaving it in a conspicuous place in the office.
(Added by Stats. 1951, Ch. 655.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 4 - MINISTERIAL OFFICERS OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 1 - Of Ministerial Officers Generally › Section 262.6.

262.6. When the sheriff is a party to an action or proceeding, the process and orders therein, which it would otherwise be the duty of the sheriff to execute, shall be executed by the coroner of the county.
(Added by Stats. 1951, Ch. 655.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 4 - MINISTERIAL OFFICERS OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 1 - Of Ministerial Officers Generally › Section 262.7.

262.7. If an action is begun against a sheriff, all process and orders may be served by any person in the manner provided in this code.
(Amended by Stats. 2014, Ch. 470, Sec. 1. (AB 2256) Effective January 1, 2015.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 4 - MINISTERIAL OFFICERS OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 1 - Of Ministerial Officers Generally › Section 262.8.

262.8. Process or orders in an action or proceeding may be executed by a person residing in the county, designated by the court, or the judge thereof, and denominated an elisor, in the following cases:
(a) When the sheriff and coroner are both parties.
(b) When either of these officers is a party, and the process is against the other.
(c) When either of these officers is a party, and there is a vacancy in the office of the other, or where it appears, by affidavit, to the satisfaction of the court in which the proceeding is pending, or the judge thereof, that both of these officers are disqualified, or by reason of any bias, prejudice, or other cause would not act promptly or impartially.
(Added by Stats. 1951, Ch. 655.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 4 - MINISTERIAL OFFICERS OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 1 - Of Ministerial Officers Generally › Section 262.9.

262.9. When process is delivered to an elisor, he shall execute and return it in the same manner as the sheriff is required to execute similar process.
(Added by Stats. 1951, Ch. 655.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 4 - MINISTERIAL OFFICERS OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 1 - Of Ministerial Officers Generally › Section 262.10.

262.10. Whenever process is executed, or any act performed by a coroner or elisor, he shall receive a reasonable compensation, to be fixed by the court, to be paid by the plaintiff in case of the summoning of jurors to complete the panel, and by the person or party requiring the service in all other cases in private action. If rendered at the instance of the people, it shall be audited and paid as a county charge.
(Added by Stats. 1951, Ch. 655.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 4 - MINISTERIAL OFFICERS OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 1 - Of Ministerial Officers Generally › Section 262.11.

262.11. In all cases where new counties have been or may hereafter be created, and executions, orders of sale upon foreclosures of mortgages, or other process affecting specific real estate have been or may hereafter be adjudged by the final judgment or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction, to be executed by the sheriff of the county in which such real estate was originally situated, such process may be executed by the sheriff of the new county in which such real estate is found to be situated, with the like effect as if he were the sheriff of the county designated in the judgment, decree, or order of sale to execute the same.
(Added by Stats. 1955, Ch. 59.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 4 - MINISTERIAL OFFICERS OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 2 - Levying Officer Electronic Transactions Act › Section 263.

263. (a) This chapter may be cited as the Levying Officer Electronic Transactions Act.
(b) The Legislature finds and declares that modern technologies offer alternatives to paper-based systems and provide the means to create, store, retrieve, and transmit records and documents in electronic form resulting in increased efficiency, taxpayer savings, and improved public access to levying officers. It is the intent of the Legislature in enacting this act to accommodate current and future technologies based on industry standards.
(c) Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to require a court or levying officer to comply with any of its provisions unless the court and the levying officer have (1) jointly determined that both the court and the sheriff’s department have the resources and the technological capacity to do so, and (2) have mutually agreed to electronically act upon documents as provided in this chapter.
(Added by Stats. 2010, Ch. 680, Sec. 4. (AB 2394) Effective January 1, 2011.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 4 - MINISTERIAL OFFICERS OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 2 - Levying Officer Electronic Transactions Act › Section 263.1.

263.1. As used in this chapter, the following terms have the following definitions:
(a) “Electronic mail” or “e-mail” means an electronic message that is sent to an e-mail address and transmitted between two or more telecommunications devices, computers, or electronic devices capable of receiving electronic messages through a local, regional, or global computer network, whether or not the message is converted to hard copy format after receipt, viewed upon transmission, or stored for later retrieval.
(b) “Electronic record” means a document or record created, generated, sent, communicated, received, or stored by electronic means.
(c) “Electronic signature” means an electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to, or logically associated with, an electronic record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the electronic record.
(d) “Fax” is an abbreviation for “facsimile” and refers, as indicated by the context, to a facsimile transmission or to a document so transmitted.
(e) “Fax machine” means a machine that can send and receive a facsimile transmission using industry standards and includes a fax modem connected to a computer.
(f) “Fax transmission” means the electronic transmission and reconstruction of a document that prints a duplicate of the original document at the receiving end. “Fax transmission” includes, but is not limited to, the use of a facsimile machine or the process of integrating an electronic fax software application to automate the sending and receiving of a faxed document as an electronic record, in portable data format, by e-mail or similar electronic means.
(g) “Information processing system” means an electronic system for creating, generating, sending, receiving, storing, displaying, retrieving, or processing information, but does not include a fax machine.
(h) “Instructions” and “levying officer instructions” mean a written request to a levying officer to serve process, perform a levy, execute an arrest warrant, or perform some other act.
(i) “Legal entity” means the legal form of an artificial person and includes a corporation, defunct corporation, unincorporated association, partnership, public agency, limited liability company, joint stock company or association, and limited liability partnership.
(j) “Levying officer” means the sheriff or marshal acting as a ministerial officer pursuant to Section 26608 of the Government Code.
(k) “Record” means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium, or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.
(l) “Transmission record” means the electronic record or document printed by the sending fax machine, stating the telephone number of the receiving fax machine, the number of pages sent, the transmission time and date, and an indication of any errors in transmission.
(Added by Stats. 2010, Ch. 680, Sec. 4. (AB 2394) Effective January 1, 2011.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 4 - MINISTERIAL OFFICERS OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 2 - Levying Officer Electronic Transactions Act › Section 263.2.

263.2. (a) A levying officer may utilize an information processing system to create, generate, send, receive, store, display, retrieve, or process information, electronic records, and documents when based on industry standards and only to the extent that the levying officer has the resources and technological capacity to do so.
(b) If a technical problem with the levying officer’s system prevents the levying officer from receiving an electronic transmission during regular business hours on a particular court day, and the electronic sender demonstrates an attempt to electronically transmit the document on that day, the levying officer shall deem the document or record as filed on that day.
(Added by Stats. 2010, Ch. 680, Sec. 4. (AB 2394) Effective January 1, 2011.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 4 - MINISTERIAL OFFICERS OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 2 - Levying Officer Electronic Transactions Act › Section 263.3.

263.3. Whenever the fax transmission of a document or record to a levying officer is authorized pursuant to this chapter, all of the following shall apply:
(a) A levying officer may act upon an electronic record or document transmitted by a facsimile machine in the same manner as the paper record or document upon which the electronic record or document is based.
(b) A facsimile cover sheet shall accompany the faxed record or document and include all of the following information:
(1) The name of the sender.
(2) The fax number of the sender.
(3) The name of the levying officer.
(4) The fax number of the levying officer.
(5) A description of the record or document, including its name, if any, and the number of pages.
(6) A statement directing the recipient of the faxed document or record to fax to the sender a confirmation, if true, that the fax was properly received.
(c) A person authorized to fax a record or document to the levying officer pursuant to this chapter shall do all of the following:
(1) Retain the paper version of the record or document.
(2) Print or otherwise retain a transmission record of the fax transmission.
(3) Deliver the paper version of the record, document, or transmission record to the levying officer within five days after a request to do so has been mailed to the sender by the levying officer.
(d) The levying officer shall retain the facsimile cover sheet together with the faxed record or document.
(e) The levying officer may electronically copy and store the printed cover sheet, record, or document as an electronic record.
(Added by Stats. 2010, Ch. 680, Sec. 4. (AB 2394) Effective January 1, 2011.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 4 - MINISTERIAL OFFICERS OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 2 - Levying Officer Electronic Transactions Act › Section 263.4.

263.4. (a) A levying officer may create, store, print, or transmit an electronic record in the place of, and in the same manner as, the paper record or document upon which the electronic record is based.
(b) An electronic record transmitted to a levying officer shall be accompanied by all of the following information:
(1) The name of the sender.
(2) The electronic address of the sender.
(3) The name of the levying officer.
(4) The electronic address or fax number of the levying officer.
(c) The person transmitting the electronic record shall do both of the following:
(1) Retain the paper version of the record or document.
(2) Deliver the paper version of the record or document to the levying officer within five days after a request to do so has been mailed to the sender by the levying officer.
(d) For the purpose of this section, “transmission” of an electronic record includes sending the electronic record included in, or in conjunction with, an electronic mail message, as defined in Section 263.1.
(Added by Stats. 2010, Ch. 680, Sec. 4. (AB 2394) Effective January 1, 2011.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 4 - MINISTERIAL OFFICERS OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 2 - Levying Officer Electronic Transactions Act › Section 263.6.

263.6. (a) In lieu of returning to court the paper version of an original writ of execution, the levying officer may retain the original writ or an electronic copy of the original writ and file only a return of the levying officer’s actions.
(b) If the original writ is not returned to court as provided in subdivision (a), the levying officer shall retain, for not less than two years after the levying officer’s return is filed with court, each of the following, as applicable:
(1) The original paper writ or digital image of the writ.
(2) The memorandum of garnishee.
(3) The employer’s return.
(4) An inventory of the levied property.
(c) A creditor seeking the issuance of a writ directed to another county may direct the levying officer to file an accounting of the levying officer’s actions with the court.
(1) The filing of the accounting described in this subdivision does not constitute a return of the writ.
(2) The accounting shall indicate that the levying officer is in possession of an active writ.
(Added by Stats. 2010, Ch. 680, Sec. 4. (AB 2394) Effective January 1, 2011.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 4 - MINISTERIAL OFFICERS OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 2 - Levying Officer Electronic Transactions Act › Section 263.7.

263.7. (a) A levying officer shall exclude or redact the following identifiers from any record or document made available to the public:
(1) Social security number.
(2) Financial account number.
(b) If an identifier is redacted, only the last four digits of the number may be used.
(c) A levying officer also shall exclude or redact the identifiers listed in subdivision (a) from any writ return filed with the court.
(d) The term “public” does not include the creditor, debtor, garnishee, or third-party claimant.
(Added by Stats. 2010, Ch. 680, Sec. 4. (AB 2394) Effective January 1, 2011.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 4 - MINISTERIAL OFFICERS OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 3 - Phonographic Reporters › Section 269.

269. (a) An official reporter or official reporter pro tempore of the superior court shall take down in shorthand all testimony, objections made, rulings of the court, exceptions taken, arraignments, pleas, sentences, arguments of the attorneys to the jury, and statements and remarks made and oral instructions given by the judge or other judicial officer, in the following cases:
(1) In a civil case, on the order of the court or at the request of a party.
(2) In a felony case, on the order of the court or at the request of the prosecution, the defendant, or the attorney for the defendant.
(3) In a misdemeanor or infraction case, on the order of the court.
(b) If a transcript is ordered by the court or requested by a party, or if a nonparty requests a transcript that the nonparty is entitled to receive, regardless of whether the nonparty was permitted to attend the proceeding to be transcribed, the official reporter or official reporter pro tempore shall, within a reasonable time after the trial of the case that the court designates, write the transcripts out, or the specific portions thereof as may be requested, in plain and legible longhand, or by typewriter, or other printing machine, and certify that the transcripts were correctly reported and transcribed, and when directed by the court, file the transcripts with the clerk of the court.
(c) If a defendant is convicted of a felony, after a trial on the merits, the record on appeal shall be prepared immediately after the verdict or finding of guilt is announced unless the court determines that it is likely that no appeal from the decision will be made. The court’s determination of a likelihood of appeal shall be based upon standards and rules adopted by the Judicial Council.
(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 71, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2003.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 4 - MINISTERIAL OFFICERS OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 3 - Phonographic Reporters › Section 273.

273. (a) The report of the official reporter, or official reporter pro tempore, of any court, duly appointed and sworn, when transcribed and certified as being a correct transcript of the testimony and proceedings in the case, is prima facie evidence of that testimony and proceedings.
(b) The report of the official reporter, or official reporter pro tempore, of any court, duly appointed and sworn, when prepared as a rough draft transcript, shall not be certified and cannot be used, cited, distributed, or transcribed as the official certified transcript of the proceedings. A rough draft transcript shall not be cited or used in any way or at any time to rebut or contradict the official certified transcript of the proceedings as provided by the official reporter or official reporter pro tempore. The production of a rough draft transcript shall not be required.
(c) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2022.
(Amended (as added by Stats. 2009, Ch. 87, Sec. 2) by Stats. 2016, Ch. 703, Sec. 7. (AB 2881) Effective January 1, 2017. Section operative January 1, 2022, by its own provisions.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 4 - MINISTERIAL OFFICERS OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 3 - Phonographic Reporters › Section 274a.

274a. Any judge of the superior court may have any opinion given or rendered by the judge in the trial of a felony case or an unlimited civil case, pending in that court, or any necessary order, petition, citation, commitment or judgment in any probate proceeding, proceeding concerning new or additional bonds of county officials or juvenile court proceeding, or the testimony or judgment relating to the custody or support of minor children in any proceeding in which the custody or support of minor children is involved, taken down in shorthand and transcribed together with such copies as the court may deem necessary by the official reporter or an official reporter pro tempore of the court.
(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 784, Sec. 51. Effective January 1, 2003.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 5 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH MINISTERIAL POWERS RELATING TO COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 1 - Attorneys and Counselors at Law › Section 283.

283. An attorney and counselor shall have authority:
1. To bind his client in any of the steps of an action or proceeding by his agreement filed with the Clerk, or entered upon the minutes of the Court, and not otherwise;
2. To receive money claimed by his client in an action or proceeding during the pendency thereof, or after judgment, unless a revocation of his authority is filed, and upon the payment thereof, and not otherwise, to discharge the claim or acknowledge satisfaction of the judgment.
(Repealed and added by Code Amendments 1880, Ch. 35.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 5 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH MINISTERIAL POWERS RELATING TO COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 1 - Attorneys and Counselors at Law › Section 284.

284. The attorney in an action or special proceeding may be changed at any time before or after judgment or final determination, as follows:
1. Upon the consent of both client and attorney, filed with the clerk, or entered upon the minutes;
2. Upon the order of the court, upon the application of either client or attorney, after notice from one to the other.
(Amended by Stats. 1967, Ch. 161.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 5 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH MINISTERIAL POWERS RELATING TO COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 1 - Attorneys and Counselors at Law › Section 285.

285. When an attorney is changed, as provided in the last section, written notice of the change and of the substitution of a new attorney, or of the appearance of the party in person, must be given to the adverse party. Until then he must recognize the former attorney.
(Repealed and added by Code Amendments 1880, Ch. 35.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 5 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH MINISTERIAL POWERS RELATING TO COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 1 - Attorneys and Counselors at Law › Section 285.1.

285.1. An attorney of record for any party in any civil action or proceeding for dissolution of marriage, legal separation, or for a declaration of void or voidable marriage, or for the support, maintenance or custody of minor children may withdraw at any time subsequent to the time when any judgment in such action or proceeding, other than an interlocutory judgment, becomes final, and prior to service upon him of pleadings or motion papers in any proceeding then pending in said cause, by filing a notice of withdrawal. Such notice shall state (a) date of entry of final decree or judgment, (b) the last known address of such party, (c) that such attorney withdraws as attorney for such party. A copy of such notice shall be mailed to such party at his last known address and shall be served upon the adverse party.
(Amended by Stats. 1969, Ch. 1608.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 5 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH MINISTERIAL POWERS RELATING TO COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 1 - Attorneys and Counselors at Law › Section 285.2.

285.2. If a reduction in public funding for legal service materially impairs a legal service agency attorney’s ability to represent an indigent client, the court, on its own motion or on the motion of either the client or attorney, shall permit the withdrawal of such attorney upon a showing that all of the following apply:
(a) There are not adequate public funds to continue the effective representation of the indigent client.
(b) A good faith effort was made to find alternate representation for such client.
(c) All reasonable steps to reduce the legal prejudice to the client have been taken.
A showing of indigency of the client, in and of itself, will not be deemed sufficient cause to deny the application for withdrawal.
(Added by Stats. 1983, Ch. 279, Sec. 1.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 5 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH MINISTERIAL POWERS RELATING TO COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 1 - Attorneys and Counselors at Law › Section 285.3.

285.3. The court, upon the granting of a motion for withdrawal pursuant to Section 285.2, may toll the running of any statute of limitations, filing requirement, statute providing for mandatory dismissal, notice of appeal, or discovery requirement, for a period not to exceed 90 days, on the court’s own motion or on motion of any party or attorney, when the court finds that tolling is required to avoid legal prejudice caused by the withdrawal of the legal service agency attorney.
(Added by Stats. 1983, Ch. 279, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 5 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH MINISTERIAL POWERS RELATING TO COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 1 - Attorneys and Counselors at Law › Section 285.4.

285.4. The court, upon the granting of a motion for withdrawal pursuant to Section 285.2, may appoint any member of the bar or any law firm or professional law corporation to represent the indigent client without compensation, upon a showing of good cause. Nothing herein shall preclude the appointed attorney from recovering any attorneys’ fees and costs to which the client may be entitled by law. In determining the existence of good cause, the court may consider, but is not limited to, the following factors:
(a) The probable merit of the client’s claim.
(b) The client’s financial ability to pay for legal services.
(c) The availability of alternative legal representation.
(d) The need for legal representation to avoid irreparable legal prejudice to the indigent client.
(e) The ability of appointed counsel to effectively represent the indigent client.
(f) Present and recent pro bono work of the appointed attorney, law firm or private law corporation.
(g) The ability of the indigent client to represent himself.
(h) The workload of the appointed attorney.
(Added by Stats. 1983, Ch. 279, Sec. 3.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 1 - OF COURTS OF JUSTICE › TITLE 5 - PERSONS SPECIALLY INVESTED WITH MINISTERIAL POWERS RELATING TO COURTS OF JUSTICE › CHAPTER 1 - Attorneys and Counselors at Law › Section 286.

286. When an attorney dies, or is removed or suspended, or ceases to act as such, a party to an action, for whom he was acting as attorney, must, before any further proceedings are had against him, be required by the adverse party, by written notice, to appoint another attorney, or to appear in person.
(Repealed and added by Code Amendments 1880, Ch. 35.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 1 - OF THE FORM OF CIVIL ACTIONS › Section 309.

309. A question of fact not put in issue by the pleadings may be tried by a jury, upon an order for the trial, stating distinctly and plainly the question of fact to be tried; and such order is the only authority necessary for a trial.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 1 - The Time of Commencing Actions in General › Section 312.

312. Civil actions, without exception, can only be commenced within the periods prescribed in this title, after the cause of action shall have accrued, unless where, in special cases, a different limitation is prescribed by statute.
(Amended by Stats. 1897, Ch. 21.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 1 - The Time of Commencing Actions in General › Section 313.

313. The general procedure for the presentation of claims as a prerequisite to commencement of actions for money or damages against the State of California, counties, cities, cities and counties, districts, local authorities, and other political subdivisions of the State, and against the officers, employees, and servants thereof, is prescribed by Division 3.6 (commencing with Section 810) of Title 1 of the Government Code.
(Amended by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1715.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 2 - The Time of Commencing Actions for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 315.

315. The people of this State will not sue any person for or in respect to any real property, or the issues or profits thereof, by reason of the right or title of the people to the same, unless:
1. Such right or title shall have accrued within ten years before any action or other proceeding for the same is commenced; or,
2. The people, or those from whom they claim, shall have received the rents and profits of such real property, or of some part thereof, within the space of ten years.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 2 - The Time of Commencing Actions for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 316.

316. No action can be brought for or in respect to real property by any person claiming under letters patent or grants from this State, unless the same might have been commenced by the people as herein specified, in case such patent had not been issued or grant made.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 2 - The Time of Commencing Actions for the Recovery of Real Property › Section [317.].

[317.] Section Three Hundred and Seventeen. When letters patent or grants of real property issued or made by the people of this State, are declared void by the determination of a competent Court, an action for the recovery of the property so conveyed may be brought, either by the people of the State, or by any subsequent patentee or grantee of the property, his heirs or assigns, within five years after such determination, but not after that period.
(Amended by Code Amendments 1873-74, Ch. 383.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 2 - The Time of Commencing Actions for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 318.

318. No action for the recovery of real property, or for the recovery of the possession thereof, can be maintained, unless it appear that the plaintiff, his ancestor, predecessor, or grantor, was seized or possessed of the property in question, within five years before the commencement of the action.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 2 - The Time of Commencing Actions for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 319.

319. No cause of action, or defense to an action, arising out of the title to real property, or to rents or profits out of the same, can be effectual, unless it appear that the person prosecuting the action, or making the defense, or under whose title the action is prosecuted, or the defense is made, or the ancestor, predecessor, or grantor of such person was seized or possessed of the premises in question within five years before the commencement of the Act in respect to which such action is prosecuted or defense made.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 2 - The Time of Commencing Actions for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 320.

320. No entry upon real estate is deemed sufficient or valid as a claim, unless an action be commenced thereupon within one year after making such entry, and within five years from the time when the right to make it descended or accrued.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 2 - The Time of Commencing Actions for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 321.

321. In every action for the recovery of real property, or the possession thereof, the person establishing a legal title to the property is presumed to have been possessed thereof within the time required by law, and the occupation of the property by any other person is deemed to have been under and in subordination to the legal title, unless it appear that the property has been held and possessed adversely to such legal title, for five years before the commencement of the action.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 2 - The Time of Commencing Actions for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 322.

322. When it appears that the occupant, or those under whom he claims, entered into the possession of the property under claim of title, exclusive of other right, founding such claim upon a written instrument, as being a conveyance of the property in question, or upon the decree or judgment of a competent Court, and that there has been a continued occupation and possession of the property included in such instrument, decree, or judgment, or of some part of the property, under such claim, for five years, the property so included is deemed to have been held adversely, except that when it consists of a tract divided into lots, the possession of one lot is not deemed a possession of any other lot of the same tract.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 2 - The Time of Commencing Actions for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 323.

323. For the purpose of constituting an adverse possession by any person claiming a title founded upon a written instrument, or a judgment or decree, land is deemed to have been possessed and occupied in the following cases:
1. Where it has been usually cultivated or improved;
2. Where it has been protected by a substantial inclosure;
3. Where, although not inclosed, it has been used for the supply of fuel, or of fencing timber for the purposes of husbandry, or for pasturage, or for the ordinary use of the occupant;
4. Where a known farm or single lot has been partly improved, the portion of such farm or lot that may have been left not cleared, or not inclosed according to the usual course and custom of the adjoining country, shall be deemed to have been occupied for the same length of time as the part improved and cultivated.
(Enacted 1872.)