reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 2 - The Time of Commencing Actions for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 324.

324. Where it appears that there has been an actual continued occupation of land, under a claim of title, exclusive of any other right, but not founded upon a written instrument, judgment, or decree, the land so actually occupied, and no other, is deemed to have been held adversely.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 2 - The Time of Commencing Actions for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 325.

325. (a) For the purpose of constituting an adverse possession by a person claiming title, not founded upon a written instrument, judgment, or decree, land is deemed to have been possessed and occupied in the following cases only:
(1) Where it has been protected by a substantial enclosure.
(2) Where it has been usually cultivated or improved.
(b) In no case shall adverse possession be considered established under the provision of any section of this code, unless it shall be shown that the land has been occupied and claimed for the period of five years continuously, and the party or persons, their predecessors and grantors, have timely paid all state, county, or municipal taxes that have been levied and assessed upon the land for the period of five years during which the land has been occupied and claimed. Payment of those taxes by the party or persons, their predecessors and grantors shall be established by certified records of the county tax collector.
(Amended by Stats. 2010, Ch. 55, Sec. 1. (AB 1684) Effective January 1, 2011.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 2 - The Time of Commencing Actions for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 326.

326. When the relation of landlord and tenant has existed between any persons, the possession of the tenant is deemed the possession of the landlord until the expiration of five years from the termination of the tenancy, or, where there has been no written lease, until the expiration of five years from the time of the last payment of rent, notwithstanding that such tenant may have acquired another title, or may have claimed to hold adversely to his landlord. But such presumptions cannot be made after the periods herein limited.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 2 - The Time of Commencing Actions for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 327.

327. The right of a person to the possession of real property is not impaired or affected by a descent cast in consequence of the death of a person in possession of such property.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 2 - The Time of Commencing Actions for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 328.

328. If a person entitled to commence an action for the recovery of real property, or for the recovery of the possession thereof, or to make an entry or defense founded on the title to real property, or to rents or services out of the property, is, at the time title first descends or accrues, either under the age of majority or lacking legal capacity to make decisions, the time, not exceeding 20 years, during which the disability continues is not deemed a portion of the time in this chapter limited for the commencement of the action, or the making of the entry or defense, but the action may be commenced, or entry or defense made, within the period of five years after the disability shall cease, or after the death of the person entitled, who shall die under the disability. The action shall not be commenced, or entry or defense made, after that period.
(Amended by Stats. 2014, Ch. 144, Sec. 3. (AB 1847) Effective January 1, 2015.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 2 - The Time of Commencing Actions for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 328.5.

328.5. If a person entitled to commence an action for the recovery of real property, or for the recovery of the possession thereof, or to make any entry or defense founded on the title to real property, or to rents or services out of the property, is, at the time the title first descends or accrues, imprisoned on a criminal charge, or in execution upon conviction of a criminal offense, for a term less than life, the time, not exceeding two years, during which imprisonment continues is not deemed any portion of the time in this chapter limited for the commencement of the action, or the making of the entry or defense, but the action may be commenced, or entry or defense made, within the period of five years after the imprisonment ceases, or after the death of the person entitled, who dies while imprisoned; but the action shall not be commenced, or entry or defense made, after that period.
(Added by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1083, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 1995.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 2 - The Time of Commencing Actions for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 329.

329. The time within which an action for the foreclosure of a lien securing an assessment against real property for street improvements, the proceedings for which are prescribed by legislation of any political unit other than the state, may be commenced, shall be two years from and after the date on which the assessment, or any bond secured thereby, or the last installment of the assessment or bond, shall be due, or, as to existing rights of action not heretofore barred, one year after the effective date hereof, whichever time is later. After that time, if the lien has not been otherwise removed, the lien ceases to exist and the assessment is conclusively presumed to be paid. The official having charge of the records of the assessment shall mark it “Conclusively presumed paid,” if, at the expiration of the time within which such action might be brought he has received no written notice of the pendency of the action.
(Amended by Stats. 1981, Ch. 714, Sec. 68.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 2 - The Time of Commencing Actions for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 329.5.

329.5. The validity of an assessment or supplemental assessment against real property for public improvements, the proceedings for which are prescribed by the legislative body of any chartered city, shall not be contested in any action or proceeding unless the action or proceeding is commenced within 30 days after the assessment is levied, or such longer period as the legislative body may provide. Any appeal from a final judgment in such an action or proceeding shall be perfected within 30 days after the entry of judgment.
(Added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 1007.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 2 - The Time of Commencing Actions for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 330.

330. In all cases in which there is now vested or there shall hereafter be vested in a treasurer, street superintendent, or other public official the power to sell at public auction, after demand upon him by the holder of any public improvement bond, any lot or parcel of land upon which exists or which shall hereafter exist a lien to secure the payment of a public improvement assessment represented by said bond, and the act or law establishing such power fails to prescribe the time within which such official may act, said official may sell at any time prior to the expiration of four years after the due date of said bond or of the last installment thereof or of the last principal coupon attached thereto, or prior to January 1, 1947, whichever is later, but not thereafter. This section is not intended to extend, enlarge or revive any power of sale which has heretofore been lost by reason of lapse of time or otherwise.
(Added by Stats. 1945, Ch. 360.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 335.

335. The periods prescribed for the commencement of actions other than for the recovery of real property, are as follows:
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 335.1.

335.1. Within two years: An action for assault, battery, or injury to, or for the death of, an individual caused by the wrongful act or neglect of another.
(Added by Stats. 2002, Ch. 448, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2003.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 336.

336. Within five years:
(a) An action for mesne profits of real property.
(b) An action for violation of a restriction, as defined in Section 784 of the Civil Code. The period prescribed in this subdivision runs from the time the person seeking to enforce the restriction discovered or, through the exercise of reasonable diligence, should have discovered the violation. A failure to commence an action for violation of a restriction within the period prescribed in this subdivision does not waive the right to commence an action for any other violation of the restriction and does not, in itself, create an implication that the restriction is abandoned, obsolete, or otherwise unenforceable. This subdivision shall not bar commencement of an action for violation of a restriction before January 1, 2001, and until January 1, 2001, any other applicable statutory or common law limitation shall continue to apply to that action.
(Amended by Stats. 1998, Ch. 14, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 1999.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 336a.

336a. Within six years:
(a) An action upon any bonds, notes, or debentures issued by any corporation or pursuant to permit of the Commissioner of Financial Protection and Innovation, or upon any coupons issued with the bonds, notes, or debentures, if those bonds, notes, or debentures shall have been issued to or held by the public.
(b) An action upon any mortgage, trust deed, or other agreement pursuant to which the bonds, notes, or debentures were issued. This section does not apply to bonds or other evidences of indebtedness of a public district or corporation.
(Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 452, Sec. 37. (SB 1498) Effective January 1, 2023.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 337.

337. Within four years:
(a) An action upon any contract, obligation or liability founded upon an instrument in writing, except as provided in Section 336a; provided, that the time within which any action for a money judgment for the balance due upon an obligation for the payment of which a deed of trust or mortgage with power of sale upon real property or any interest therein was given as security, following the exercise of the power of sale in such deed of trust or mortgage, may be brought shall not extend beyond three months after the time of sale under such deed of trust or mortgage.
(b) An action to recover (1) upon a book account whether consisting of one or more entries; (2) upon an account stated based upon an account in writing, but the acknowledgment of the account stated need not be in writing; (3) a balance due upon a mutual, open and current account, the items of which are in writing; provided, however, that if an account stated is based upon an account of one item, the time shall begin to run from the date of the item, and if an account stated is based upon an account of more than one item, the time shall begin to run from the date of the last item.
(c) An action based upon the rescission of a contract in writing. The time begins to run from the date upon which the facts that entitle the aggrieved party to rescind occurred. Where the ground for rescission is fraud or mistake, the time shall not begin to run until the discovery by the aggrieved party of the facts constituting the fraud or mistake. Where the ground for rescission is misrepresentation under Section 359 of the Insurance Code, the time shall not begin to run until the representation becomes false.
(d) When the period in which an action must be commenced under this section has run, a person shall not bring suit or initiate an arbitration or other legal proceeding to collect the debt. The period in which an action may be commenced under this section shall only be extended pursuant to Section 360.
(Amended by Stats. 2018, Ch. 247, Sec. 2. (AB 1526) Effective January 1, 2019.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 337a.

337a. (a) The term “book account” means a detailed statement which constitutes the principal record of one or more transactions between a debtor and a creditor arising out of a contract or some fiduciary relation, and shows the debits and credits in connection therewith, and against whom and in favor of whom entries are made, is entered in the regular course of business as conducted by such creditor or fiduciary, and is kept in a reasonably permanent form and manner and is (1) in a bound book, or (2) on a sheet or sheets fastened in a book or to backing but detachable therefrom, or (3) on a card or cards of a permanent character, or is kept in any other reasonably permanent form and manner. A “book account” does not include consumer debt.
(b) For purposes of this section, “consumer debt” means any obligation or alleged obligation, incurred on or after July 1, 2024, of a consumer to pay money arising out of a transaction in which the money, property, insurance, or services that are the subject of the transaction are primarily for personal, family, or household purposes and where the obligation to pay appears on the face of a note or in a written contract.
(Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 688, Sec. 1. (AB 1414) Effective January 1, 2024.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 337.1.

337.1. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, no action shall be brought to recover damages from any person performing or furnishing the design, specifications, surveying, planning, supervision or observation of construction or construction of an improvement to real property more than four years after the substantial completion of such improvement for any of the following:
(1) Any patent deficiency in the design, specifications, surveying, planning, supervision or observation of construction or construction of an improvement to, or survey of, real property;
(2) Injury to property, real or personal, arising out of any such patent deficiency; or
(3) Injury to the person or for wrongful death arising out of any such patent deficiency.
(b) If, by reason of such patent deficiency, an injury to property or the person or an injury causing wrongful death occurs during the fourth year after such substantial completion, an action in tort to recover damages for such an injury or wrongful death may be brought within one year after the date on which such injury occurred, irrespective of the date of death, but in no event may such an action be brought more than five years after the substantial completion of construction of such improvement.
(c) Nothing in this section shall be construed as extending the period prescribed by the laws of this state for the bringing of any action.
(d) The limitation prescribed by this section shall not be asserted by way of defense by any person in actual possession or the control, as owner, tenant or otherwise, of such an improvement at the time any deficiency in such an improvement constitutes the proximate cause of the injury or death for which it is proposed to bring an action.
(e) As used in this section, “patent deficiency” means a deficiency which is apparent by reasonable inspection.
(f) Subdivisions (a) and (b) shall not apply to any owner-occupied single-unit residence.
(Added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1326.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 337.15.

337.15. (a) No action may be brought to recover damages from any person, or the surety of a person, who develops real property or performs or furnishes the design, specifications, surveying, planning, supervision, testing, or observation of construction or construction of an improvement to real property more than 10 years after the substantial completion of the development or improvement for any of the following:
(1) Any latent deficiency in the design, specification, surveying, planning, supervision, or observation of construction or construction of an improvement to, or survey of, real property.
(2) Injury to property, real or personal, arising out of any such latent deficiency.
(b) As used in this section, “latent deficiency” means a deficiency which is not apparent by reasonable inspection.
(c) As used in this section, “action” includes an action for indemnity brought against a person arising out of that person’s performance or furnishing of services or materials referred to in this section, except that a cross-complaint for indemnity may be filed pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 428.10 in an action which has been brought within the time period set forth in subdivision (a) of this section.
(d) Nothing in this section shall be construed as extending the period prescribed by the laws of this state for bringing any action.
(e) The limitation prescribed by this section shall not be asserted by way of defense by any person in actual possession or the control, as owner, tenant or otherwise, of such an improvement, at the time any deficiency in the improvement constitutes the proximate cause for which it is proposed to bring an action.
(f) This section shall not apply to actions based on willful misconduct or fraudulent concealment.
(g) The 10-year period specified in subdivision (a) shall commence upon substantial completion of the improvement, but not later than the date of one of the following, whichever first occurs:
(1) The date of final inspection by the applicable public agency.
(2) The date of recordation of a valid notice of completion.
(3) The date of use or occupation of the improvement.
(4) One year after termination or cessation of work on the improvement.
The date of substantial completion shall relate specifically to the performance or furnishing design, specifications, surveying, planning, supervision, testing, observation of construction or construction services by each profession or trade rendering services to the improvement.
(Amended by Stats. 1981, Ch. 88, Sec. 1.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 337.2.

337.2. Where a lease of real property is in writing, no action shall be brought under Section 1951.2 of the Civil Code more than four years after the breach of the lease and abandonment of the property, or more than four years after the termination of the right of the lessee to possession of the property, whichever is the earlier time.
(Added by Stats. 1970, Ch. 89.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 337.5.

337.5. Within 10 years:
(a) An action upon any general obligation bonds or coupons, not secured in whole or in part by a lien on real property, issued by any county, city and county, municipal corporation, district (including school districts), or other political subdivision of the State of California.
(b) An action upon a judgment or decree of any court of the United States or of any state within the United States.
(Amended by Stats. 2010, Ch. 719, Sec. 7. (SB 856) Effective October 19, 2010.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 337.6.

337.6. Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 337.5 of this code actions may be brought on bonds or coupons as set forth in subsection 2 of said section, against which the statute of limitations ran on or after August 27, 1937; provided, such actions are brought on or before June 30, 1959. Upon presentation for payment they shall be registered and payment shall not be made thereon until the next fiscal year following presentation unless available funds are sufficient to first pay obligations which are due or will become due from the same fund during the fiscal year of presentation and during the next succeeding six months. Interest shall not be paid on bonds or coupons registered for the purpose of this section.
(Amended by Stats. 1957, Ch. 719.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 338.1.

338.1. An action for civil penalties or punitive damages authorized under Chapter 6.5 (commencing with Section 25100), Chapter 6.67 (commencing with Section 25270), Chapter 6.7 (commencing with Section 25280), or Chapter 6.95 (commencing with Section 25500) of Division 20 of, or Part 2 (commencing with Section 78000) of Division 45 of, the Health and Safety Code, or Chapter 1 (commencing with Section 3000) of Division 3 of the Public Resources Code, shall be commenced within five years after the discovery by the agency bringing the action of the facts constituting the grounds for commencing the action.
(Amended (as amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 258, Sec. 7) by Stats. 2023, Ch. 337, Sec. 1. (AB 631) Effective January 1, 2024.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 339.

339. Within two years: 1. An action upon a contract, obligation or liability not founded upon an instrument of writing, except as provided in Section 2725 of the Commercial Code or subdivision 2 of Section 337 of this code; or an action founded upon a contract, obligation or liability, evidenced by a certificate, or abstract or guaranty of title of real property, or by a policy of title insurance; provided, that the cause of action upon a contract, obligation or liability evidenced by a certificate, or abstract or guaranty of title of real property or policy of title insurance shall not be deemed to have accrued until the discovery of the loss or damage suffered by the aggrieved party thereunder.
2. An action against a sheriff or coroner upon a liability incurred by the doing of an act in an official capacity and in virtue of office, or by the omission of an official duty including the nonpayment of money collected in the enforcement of a judgment.
3. An action based upon the rescission of a contract not in writing. The time begins to run from the date upon which the facts that entitle the aggrieved party to rescind occurred. Where the ground for rescission is fraud or mistake, the time does not begin to run until the discovery by the aggrieved party of the facts constituting the fraud or mistake.
(Amended by Stats. 1996, Ch. 872, Sec. 11. Effective January 1, 1997.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 339.5.

339.5. Where a lease of real property is not in writing, no action shall be brought under Section 1951.2 of the Civil Code more than two years after the breach of the lease and abandonment of the property, or more than two years after the termination of the right of the lessee to possession of the property, whichever is the earlier time.
(Added by Stats. 1970, Ch. 89.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 340.

340. Within one year:
(a) An action upon a statute for a penalty or forfeiture, if the action is given to an individual, or to an individual and the state, except if the statute imposing it prescribes a different limitation.
(b) An action upon a statute for a forfeiture or penalty to the people of this state.
(c) An action for libel, slander, false imprisonment, seduction of a person below the age of legal consent, or by a depositor against a bank for the payment of a forged or raised check, or a check that bears a forged or unauthorized endorsement, or against any person who boards or feeds an animal or fowl or who engages in the practice of veterinary medicine as defined in Section 4826 of the Business and Professions Code, for that person’s neglect resulting in injury or death to an animal or fowl in the course of boarding or feeding the animal or fowl or in the course of the practice of veterinary medicine on that animal or fowl.
(d) An action against an officer to recover damages for the seizure of any property for a statutory forfeiture to the state, or for the detention of, or injury to property so seized, or for damages done to any person in making that seizure.
(e) An action by a good faith improver for relief under Chapter 10 (commencing with Section 871.1) of Title 10 of Part 2. The time begins to run from the date upon which the good faith improver discovers that the good faith improver is not the owner of the land upon which the improvements have been made.
(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 448, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 2003.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 340.15.

340.15. (a) In any civil action for recovery of damages suffered as a result of domestic violence, the time for commencement of the action shall be the later of the following:
(1) Within three years from the date of the last act of domestic violence by the defendant against the plaintiff.
(2) Within three years from the date the plaintiff discovers or reasonably should have discovered that an injury or illness resulted from an act of domestic violence by the defendant against the plaintiff.
(b) As used in this section, “domestic violence” has the same meaning as defined in Section 6211 of the Family Code.
(Amended by Stats. 1998, Ch. 123, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 1999.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 340.2.

340.2. (a) In any civil action for injury or illness based upon exposure to asbestos, the time for the commencement of the action shall be the later of the following:
(1) Within one year after the date the plaintiff first suffered disability.
(2) Within one year after the date the plaintiff either knew, or through the exercise of reasonable diligence should have known, that such disability was caused or contributed to by such exposure.
(b) “Disability” as used in subdivision (a) means the loss of time from work as a result of such exposure which precludes the performance of the employee’s regular occupation.
(c) In an action for the wrongful death of any plaintiff’s decedent, based upon exposure to asbestos, the time for commencement of an action shall be the later of the following:
(1) Within one year from the date of the death of the plaintiff’s decedent.
(2) Within one year from the date the plaintiff first knew, or through the exercise of reasonable diligence should have known, that the death was caused or contributed to by such exposure.
(Added by Stats. 1979, Ch. 513.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 340.35.

340.35. (a) This section shall apply if both of the following conditions are met:
(1) A complaint, information, or indictment was filed in a criminal case initiated pursuant to subdivision (f), (g), or (h) of Section 803 of the Penal Code.
(2) The case was dismissed or overturned pursuant to the United States Supreme Court’s decision in Stogner v. California (2003) 156 L.Ed.2d 544.
(b) Unless a longer period is prescribed for a specific action, any action for damages against an individual for committing an act of childhood sexual abuse shall be commenced before January 1, 2006.
(c) This section shall apply to any action commenced before, on, or after the effective date of this section, including any action otherwise barred by a limitation of time in effect prior to the effective date of this section, thereby reviving those causes of action that had lapsed or expired under the law in effect prior to the effective date of this section.
(d) This section shall not apply to any of the following:
(1) Any claim against a person or entity other than the individual against whom a complaint, information, or indictment was filed as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (a).
(2) Any claim that has been litigated to finality on the merits in any court of competent jurisdiction prior to the effective date of this section. For purposes of this section, termination of a prior action on the basis of the statute of limitations does not constitute a claim that has been “litigated to finality on the merits.”
(3) Any written, compromised settlement agreement that has been entered into between a plaintiff and a defendant, if the plaintiff was represented by an attorney who was admitted to practice law in this state at the time of the settlement, and the plaintiff signed the agreement.
(e) Any restitution paid by the defendant to the victim shall be credited against any judgment, award, or settlement obtained pursuant to this section. Any judgment, award, or settlement obtained pursuant to an action under this section shall be subject to Section 13966.01 of the Government Code.
(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 741, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2005.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 340.4.

340.4. An action by or on behalf of a minor for personal injuries sustained before or in the course of his or her birth must be commenced within six years after the date of birth, and the time the minor is under any disability mentioned in Section 352 shall not be excluded in computing the time limited for the commencement of the action.
(Added by Stats. 1992, Ch. 163, Sec. 16. Effective January 1, 1993. Operative January 1, 1994, by Sec. 161 of Ch. 163.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 340.5.

340.5. In an action for injury or death against a health care provider based upon such person’s alleged professional negligence, the time for the commencement of action shall be three years after the date of injury or one year after the plaintiff discovers, or through the use of reasonable diligence should have discovered, the injury, whichever occurs first. In no event shall the time for commencement of legal action exceed three years unless tolled for any of the following: (1) upon proof of fraud, (2) intentional concealment, or (3) the presence of a foreign body, which has no therapeutic or diagnostic purpose or effect, in the person of the injured person. Actions by a minor shall be commenced within three years from the date of the alleged wrongful act except that actions by a minor under the full age of six years shall be commenced within three years or prior to his eighth birthday whichever provides a longer period. Such time limitation shall be tolled for minors for any period during which parent or guardian and defendant’s insurer or health care provider have committed fraud or collusion in the failure to bring an action on behalf of the injured minor for professional negligence.
For the purposes of this section:
(1) “Health care provider” means any person licensed or certified pursuant to Division 2 (commencing with Section 500) of the Business and Professions Code, or licensed pursuant to the Osteopathic Initiative Act, or the Chiropractic Initiative Act, or licensed pursuant to Chapter 2.5 (commencing with Section 1440) of Division 2 of the Health and Safety Code; and any clinic, health dispensary, or health facility, licensed pursuant to Division 2 (commencing with Section 1200) of the Health and Safety Code. “Health care provider” includes the legal representatives of a health care provider;
(2) “Professional negligence” means a negligent act or omission to act by a health care provider in the rendering of professional services, which act or omission is the proximate cause of a personal injury or wrongful death, provided that such services are within the scope of services for which the provider is licensed and which are not within any restriction imposed by the licensing agency or licensed hospital.
(Amended by Stats. 1975, 2nd Ex. Sess., Ch. 2.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 340.6.

340.6. (a) An action against an attorney for a wrongful act or omission, other than for actual fraud, arising in the performance of professional services shall be commenced within one year after the plaintiff discovers, or through the use of reasonable diligence should have discovered, the facts constituting the wrongful act or omission, or four years from the date of the wrongful act or omission, whichever occurs first. If the plaintiff is required to establish the plaintiff’s factual innocence for an underlying criminal charge as an element of the plaintiff’s claim, the action shall be commenced within two years after the plaintiff achieves postconviction exoneration in the form of a final judicial disposition of the criminal case. Except for a claim for which the plaintiff is required to establish the plaintiff’s factual innocence, the time for commencement of legal action shall not exceed four years except that the period shall be tolled during the time that any of the following exist:
(1) The plaintiff has not sustained actual injury.
(2) The attorney continues to represent the plaintiff regarding the specific subject matter in which the alleged wrongful act or omission occurred.
(3) The attorney willfully conceals the facts constituting the wrongful act or omission when those facts are known to the attorney, except that this subdivision shall toll only the four-year limitation.
(4) The plaintiff is under a legal or physical disability that restricts the plaintiff’s ability to commence legal action.
(5) A dispute between the lawyer and client concerning fees, costs, or both is pending resolution under Article 13 (commencing with Section 6200) of Chapter 4 of Division 3 of the Business and Professions Code. As used in this paragraph, “pending” means from the date a request for arbitration is filed until 30 days after receipt of notice of the award of the arbitrators, or receipt of notice that the arbitration is otherwise terminated, whichever occurs first.
(b) In an action based upon an instrument in writing, the effective date of which depends upon some act or event of the future, the period of limitations provided for by this section shall commence to run upon the occurrence of that act or event.
(Amended by Stats. 2019, Ch. 13, Sec. 2. (AB 692) Effective January 1, 2020.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 340.7.

340.7. (a) Notwithstanding Section 335.1, a civil action brought by, or on behalf of, a Dalkon Shield victim against the Dalkon Shield Claimants’ Trust, shall be brought in accordance with the procedures established by A.H. Robins Company, Inc. Plan of Reorganization, and shall be brought within 15 years of the date on which the victim’s injury occurred, except that the statute shall be tolled from August 21, 1985, the date on which the A.H. Robins Company filed for Chapter 11 Reorganization in Richmond, Virginia.
(b) This section applies regardless of when the action or claim shall have accrued or been filed and regardless of whether it might have lapsed or otherwise be barred by time under California law. However, this section shall only apply to victims who, prior to January 1, 1990, filed a civil action, a timely claim, or a claim that is declared to be timely under the sixth Amended and Restated Disclosure Statement filed pursuant to Section 1125 of the Federal Bankruptcy Code in re: A.H. Robins Company, Inc., dated March 28, 1988, U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of Virginia (case number 85-01307-R).
(Amended by Stats. 2008, Ch. 179, Sec. 34. Effective January 1, 2009.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 340.8.

340.8. (a) In any civil action for injury or illness based upon exposure to a hazardous material or toxic substance, the time for commencement of the action shall be no later than either two years from the date of injury, or two years after the plaintiff becomes aware of, or reasonably should have become aware of, (1) an injury, (2) the physical cause of the injury, and (3) sufficient facts to put a reasonable person on inquiry notice that the injury was caused or contributed to by the wrongful act of another, whichever occurs later.
(b) In an action for the wrongful death of any plaintiff’s decedent, based upon exposure to a hazardous material or toxic substance, the time for commencement of an action shall be no later than either (1) two years from the date of the death of the plaintiff’s decedent, or (2) two years from the first date on which the plaintiff is aware of, or reasonably should have become aware of, the physical cause of the death and sufficient facts to put a reasonable person on inquiry notice that the death was caused or contributed to by the wrongful act of another, whichever occurs later.
(c) For purposes of this section:
(1) A “civil action for injury or illness based upon exposure to a hazardous material or toxic substance” does not include an action subject to Section 340.2 or 340.5.
(2) Media reports regarding the hazardous material or toxic substance contamination do not, in and of themselves, constitute sufficient facts to put a reasonable person on inquiry notice that the injury or death was caused or contributed to by the wrongful act of another.
(d) Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit, abrogate, or change the law in effect on the effective date of this section with respect to actions not based upon exposure to a hazardous material or toxic substance.
(Added by Stats. 2003, Ch. 873, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2004.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 340.9.

340.9. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law or contract, any insurance claim for damages arising out of the Northridge earthquake of 1994 which is barred as of the effective date of this section solely because the applicable statute of limitations has or had expired is hereby revived and a cause of action thereon may be commenced provided that the action is commenced within one year of the effective date of this section. This subdivision shall only apply to cases in which an insured contacted an insurer or an insurer’s representative prior to January 1, 2000, regarding potential Northridge earthquake damage.
(b) Any action pursuant to this section commenced prior to, or within one year from, the effective date of this section shall not be barred based upon this limitations period.
(c) Nothing in this section shall be construed to alter the applicable limitations period of an action that is not time barred as of the effective date of this section.
(d) This section shall not apply to either of the following:
(1) Any claim that has been litigated to finality in any court of competent jurisdiction prior to the effective date of this section.
(2) Any written compromised settlement agreement which has been made between an insurer and its insured where the insured was represented by counsel admitted to the practice of law in California at the time of the settlement, and who signed the agreement.
(Added by Stats. 2000, Ch. 1090, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2001.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 340.10.

340.10. (a) For purposes of this section, “terrorist victim” means any individual who died or was injured as a consequence of the terrorist-related aircraft crashes of September 11, 2001, including persons who were present at the World Trade Center in New York City, New York, the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, or at the site of the crash at Shanksville, Pennsylvania, or in the immediate aftermath of the terrorist-related aircraft crashes of September 11, 2001, including members of the flight crew and passengers on American Airlines Flight 11, American Airlines Flight 77, United Airlines Flight 175, and United Airlines Flight 93, and who suffered physical harm or death as a result of any of the crashes, as defined in Section 40101 of Title 49 of the United States Code and the related, applicable regulations, other than an individual identified by the Attorney General of the United States as a participant or conspirator in the terrorist-related aircraft crashes, or a representative or heir of such an individual.
(b) The statute of limitations for injury or death set forth in Section 335.1 shall apply to any action brought for injury to, or for the death of, any terrorist victim described in subdivision (a) and caused by the wrongful act or neglect of another, regardless of whether that action lapsed or was otherwise barred by time under California law predating the passage of this section and Section 335.1.
(Added by Stats. 2002, Ch. 448, Sec. 4. Effective January 1, 2003.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 341.

341. Within six months:
An action against an officer, or officer de facto:
1. To recover any goods, wares, merchandise, or other property, seized by any such officer in his official capacity as tax collector, or to recover the price or value of any goods, wares, merchandise, or other personal property so seized, or for damages for the seizure, detention, sale of, or injury to any goods, wares, merchandise, or other personal property seized, or for damages done to any person or property in making any such seizure.
2. To recover stock sold for a delinquent assessment, as provided in section three hundred forty-seven of the Civil Code.
3. To set aside or invalidate any action taken or performed by a majority of the trustees of any corporation heretofore or hereafter dissolved by operation of law, including the revivor of any such corporation.
(Amended by Stats. 1917, Ch. 217.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 341.5.

341.5. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any action or proceeding in which a county, city, city and county, school district, special district, or any other local agency is a plaintiff or petitioner, that is brought against the State of California challenging the constitutionality of any statute relating to state funding for counties, cities, cities and counties, school districts, special districts, or other local agencies, shall be commenced within 90 days of the effective date of the statute at issue in the action. For purposes of this section, “State of California” means the State of California itself, or any of its agencies, departments, commissions, boards, or public officials.
(Amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 156, Sec. 1. Effective July 11, 1994.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 341a.

341a. All civil actions for the recovery or conversion of personal property, wearing apparel, trunks, valises or baggage alleged to have been left at a hotel, hospital, rest home, sanitarium, boarding house, lodging house, furnished apartment house, or furnished bungalow court, shall be begun within 90 days from and after the date of the departure of the owner of said personal property, wearing apparel, trunks, valises or baggage from said hotel, hospital, rest home, sanitarium, boarding house, lodging house, furnished apartment house, or furnished bungalow court.
(Amended by Stats. 1943, Ch. 405.)
2023 California Code › Code of Civil Procedure - CCP › PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS › TITLE 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS › CHAPTER 3 - The Time of Commencing Actions Other Than for the Recovery of Real Property › Section 342.

342. An action against a public entity upon a cause of action for which a claim is required to be presented in accordance with Chapter 1 (commencing with Section 900) and Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 910) of Part 3 of Division 3.6 of Title 1 of the Government Code must be commenced within the time provided in Section 945.6 of the Government Code.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1715.)