reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 1 - DEFINITIONS › Section 811.2.

811.2. “Public entity” includes the state, the Regents of the University of California, the Trustees of the California State University and the California State University, a county, city, district, public authority, public agency, and any other political subdivision or public corporation in the State.
(Amended by Stats. 2010, Ch. 636, Sec. 1. (SB 1046) Effective January 1, 2011.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 1 - DEFINITIONS › Section 811.6.

811.6. “Regulation” means a rule, regulation, order or standard, having the force of law, adopted by an employee or agency of the United States pursuant to the federal Administrative Procedure Act (Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 500) of Title 5 of the United States Code) or as a regulation by an agency of the state pursuant to the Administrative Procedure Act (Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 11340) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2).
(Amended by Stats. 1988, Ch. 160, Sec. 50.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 1 - DEFINITIONS › Section 811.8.

811.8. “Statute” means an act adopted by the Legislature of this State or by the Congress of the United States, or a statewide initiative act.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 1 - DEFINITIONS › Section 811.9.

811.9. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, judges, subordinate judicial officers, and court executive officers of the superior courts are state officers for purposes of Part 1 (commencing with Section 810) to Part 7 (commencing with Section 995), inclusive, and trial court employees are employees of the trial court for purposes of Part 1 (commencing with Section 810) to Part 7 (commencing with Section 995), inclusive. The Judicial Council shall provide for representation, defense, and indemnification of those individuals and the court pursuant to Part 1 (commencing with Section 810) to Part 7 (commencing with Section 995), inclusive. The Judicial Council shall provide for that representation or defense through the county counsel, the Attorney General, or other counsel. The county counsel and the Attorney General may, but are not required to, provide representation or defense for a trial court, judge, subordinate judicial officer, court executive officer, or trial court employee if the Judicial Council requests that assistance to fulfill its duties under this section. The fact that a justice, judge, subordinate judicial officer, court executive officer, court employee, the court, the Judicial Council, or the staff of the Judicial Council is or was represented or defended by the county counsel, the Attorney General, or other counsel shall not be the sole basis for a judicial determination of disqualification of a justice, judge, subordinate judicial officer, the county counsel, the Attorney General, or other counsel in unrelated actions.
(b) To promote the cost-effective, prompt, and fair resolution of actions, proceedings, and claims affecting the trial courts, the Judicial Council shall adopt rules of court requiring its staff to manage actions, proceedings, and claims that affect the trial courts and involve superior courts, superior court judges, subordinate judicial officers, court executive officers, or trial court employees in consultation with the affected courts and individuals. The staff’s management of these actions, proceedings, and claims shall include, but not be limited to, case management and administrative responsibilities such as selection of counsel and making strategic and settlement decisions.
(c) Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect the employment status of subordinate judicial officers, court executive officers, and trial court employees related to any matters not covered by subdivision (a).
(Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 478, Sec. 23. (AB 1756) Effective January 1, 2024.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 1 - Scope of Part › Section 814.

814. Nothing in this part affects liability based on contract or the right to obtain relief other than money or damages against a public entity or public employee.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 1 - Scope of Part › Section 814.2.

814.2. Nothing in this part shall be construed to impliedly repeal any provision of Division 4 (commencing with Section 3201) or Division 4.5 (commencing with Section 6100) of the Labor Code.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities › Section 815.

815. Except as otherwise provided by statute:
(a) A public entity is not liable for an injury, whether such injury arises out of an act or omission of the public entity or a public employee or any other person.
(b) The liability of a public entity established by this part (commencing with Section 814) is subject to any immunity of the public entity provided by statute, including this part, and is subject to any defenses that would be available to the public entity if it were a private person.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities › Section 815.2.

815.2. (a) A public entity is liable for injury proximately caused by an act or omission of an employee of the public entity within the scope of his employment if the act or omission would, apart from this section, have given rise to a cause of action against that employee or his personal representative.
(b) Except as otherwise provided by statute, a public entity is not liable for an injury resulting from an act or omission of an employee of the public entity where the employee is immune from liability.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities › Section 815.4.

815.4. A public entity is liable for injury proximately caused by a tortious act or omission of an independent contractor of the public entity to the same extent that the public entity would be subject to such liability if it were a private person. Nothing in this section subjects a public entity to liability for the act or omission of an independent contractor if the public entity would not have been liable for the injury had the act or omission been that of an employee of the public entity.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities › Section 815.6.

815.6. Where a public entity is under a mandatory duty imposed by an enactment that is designed to protect against the risk of a particular kind of injury, the public entity is liable for an injury of that kind proximately caused by its failure to discharge the duty unless the public entity establishes that it exercised reasonable diligence to discharge the duty.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities › Section 816.

816. A public entity is not liable for injury arising out of any activity conducted by a member of the California National Guard pursuant to Section 316, 502, 503, 504, or 505 of Title 32 of the United States Code and compensated pursuant to the Federal Tort Claims Act.
It is the intent of the Legislature, in enacting this section, to conform state law regarding liability for activities of the National Guard to federal law as expressed in Public Law 97-124.
(Added by Stats. 1982, Ch. 616, Sec. 1.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities › Section 818.

818. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a public entity is not liable for damages awarded under Section 3294 of the Civil Code or other damages imposed primarily for the sake of example and by way of punishing the defendant.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities › Section 818.2.

818.2. A public entity is not liable for an injury caused by adopting or failing to adopt an enactment or by failing to enforce any law.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities › Section 818.4.

818.4. A public entity is not liable for an injury caused by the issuance, denial, suspension or revocation of, or by the failure or refusal to issue, deny, suspend or revoke, any permit, license, certificate, approval, order, or similar authorization where the public entity or an employee of the public entity is authorized by enactment to determine whether or not such authorization should be issued, denied, suspended or revoked.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities › Section 818.5.

818.5. The Department of Motor Vehicles is liable for any injury to a lienholder or good faith purchaser of a vehicle proximately caused by the department’s negligent omission of the lienholder’s name from an ownership certificate issued by the department. The liability of the department under this section shall not exceed the actual cash value of the vehicle.
(Added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 437, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities › Section 818.6.

818.6. A public entity is not liable for injury caused by its failure to make an inspection, or by reason of making an inadequate or negligent inspection, of any property, other than its property (as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 830), for the purpose of determining whether the property complies with or violates any enactment or contains or constitutes a hazard to health or safety.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities › Section 818.7.

818.7. No board, commission, or any public officer or employee of the state or of any district, county, city and county, or city is liable for any damage or injury to any person resulting from the publication of any reports, records, prints, or photographs of or concerning any person convicted of violation of any law relating to the use, sale, or possession of controlled substances, when such publication is to school authorities for use in instruction on the subject of controlled substances or to any person when used for the purpose of general education. However, the name of any person concerning whom any such reports, records, prints, or photographs are used shall be kept confidential and every reasonable effort shall be made to maintain as confidential any information which may tend to identify such person.
(Amended by Stats. 1984, Ch. 1635, Sec. 40.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities › Section 818.8.

818.8. A public entity is not liable for an injury caused by misrepresentation by an employee of the public entity, whether or not such misrepresentation be negligent or intentional.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities › Section 818.9.

818.9. A court or county, its employees, independent contractors, and volunteers shall not be liable because of any advice provided to small claims court litigants or potential litigants as a public service on behalf of the court or county pursuant to the Small Claims Act (Chapter 5.5 (commencing with Section 116.110) of Title 1 of Part 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure).
(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 806, Sec. 24. Effective January 1, 2003.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees › Section 820.

820. (a) Except as otherwise provided by statute (including Section 820.2), a public employee is liable for injury caused by his act or omission to the same extent as a private person.
(b) The liability of a public employee established by this part (commencing with Section 814) is subject to any defenses that would be available to the public employee if he were a private person.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees › Section 820.2.

820.2. Except as otherwise provided by statute, a public employee is not liable for an injury resulting from his act or omission where the act or omission was the result of the exercise of the discretion vested in him, whether or not such discretion be abused.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees › Section 820.21.

820.21. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of the law, the civil immunity of juvenile court social workers, child protection workers, and other public employees authorized to initiate or conduct investigations or proceedings pursuant to Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 200) of Part 1 of Division 2 of the Welfare and Institutions Code shall not extend to any of the following, if committed with malice:
(1) Perjury.
(2) Fabrication of evidence.
(3) Failure to disclose known exculpatory evidence.
(4) Obtaining testimony by duress, as defined in Section 1569 of the Civil Code, fraud, as defined in either Section 1572 or Section 1573 of the Civil Code, or undue influence, as defined in Section 1575 of the Civil Code.
(b) As used in this section, “malice” means conduct that is intended by the person described in subdivision (a) to cause injury to the plaintiff or despicable conduct that is carried on by the person described in subdivision (a) with a willful and conscious disregard of the rights or safety of others.
(Added by Stats. 1995, Ch. 977, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 1996.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees › Section 820.25.

820.25. (a) For purposes of Section 820.2, the decision of a peace officer, as defined in Sections 830.1 and 830.2 of the Penal Code, or a state or local law enforcement official, to render assistance to a motorist who has not been involved in an accident or to leave the scene after rendering assistance, upon learning of a reasonably apparent emergency requiring his immediate attention elsewhere or upon instructions from a superior to assume duties elsewhere, shall be deemed an exercise of discretion.
(b) The provision in subdivision (a) shall not apply if the act or omission occurred pursuant to the performance of a ministerial duty. For purposes of this section, “ministerial duty” is defined as a plain and mandatory duty involving the execution of a set task and to be performed without the exercise of discretion.
(Added by Stats. 1979, Ch. 806.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees › Section 820.4.

820.4. A public employee is not liable for his act or omission, exercising due care, in the execution or enforcement of any law. Nothing in this section exonerates a public employee from liability for false arrest or false imprisonment.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees › Section 820.6.

820.6. If a public employee acts in good faith, without malice, and under the apparent authority of an enactment that is unconstitutional, invalid or inapplicable, he is not liable for an injury caused thereby except to the extent that he would have been liable had the enactment been constitutional, valid and applicable.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees › Section 820.8.

820.8. Except as otherwise provided by statute, a public employee is not liable for an injury caused by the act or omission of another person. Nothing in this section exonerates a public employee from liability for injury proximately caused by his own negligent or wrongful act or omission.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees › Section 820.9.

820.9. Members of city councils, mayors, members of boards of supervisors, members of school boards, members of governing boards of other local public entities, members of locally appointed boards and commissions, and members of locally appointed or elected advisory bodies are not vicariously liable for injuries caused by the act or omission of the public entity or advisory body. Nothing in this section exonerates an official from liability for injury caused by that individual’s own wrongful conduct. Nothing in this section affects the immunity of any other public official.
This section shall become operative January 1, 2000.
(Repealed (in Sec. 1) and added by Stats. 1997, Ch. 132, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 1998. Section operative January 1, 2000, by its own provisions.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees › Section 821.

821. A public employee is not liable for an injury caused by his adoption of or failure to adopt an enactment or by his failure to enforce an enactment.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees › Section 821.2.

821.2. A public employee is not liable for an injury caused by his issuance, denial, suspension or revocation of, or by his failure or refusal to issue, deny, suspend or revoke, any permit, license, certificate, approval, order, or similar authorization where he is authorized by enactment to determine whether or not such authorization should be issued, denied, suspended or revoked.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees › Section 821.4.

821.4. A public employee is not liable for injury caused by his failure to make an inspection, or by reason of making an inadequate or negligent inspection, of any property, other than the property (as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 830) of the public entity employing the public employee, for the purpose of determining whether the property complies with or violates any enactment or contains or constitutes a hazard to health or safety.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees › Section 821.5.

821.5. A public entity or a public employee acting within the scope of his employment is not liable for failing to prohibit or restrict the time that cargo tank vehicles required to display flammable liquid placards may travel through a tunnel.
(Added by Stats. 1982, Ch. 1255, Sec. 1.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees › Section 821.6.

821.6. A public employee is not liable for injury caused by his instituting or prosecuting any judicial or administrative proceeding within the scope of his employment, even if he acts maliciously and without probable cause.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees › Section 821.8.

821.8. A public employee is not liable for an injury arising out of his entry upon any property where such entry is expressly or impliedly authorized by law. Nothing in this section exonerates a public employee from liability for an injury proximately caused by his own negligent or wrongful act or omission.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees › Section 822.

822. A public employee is not liable for money stolen from his official custody. Nothing in this section exonerates a public employee from liability if the loss was sustained as a result of his own negligent or wrongful act or omission.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees › Section 822.2.

822.2. A public employee acting in the scope of his employment is not liable for an injury caused by his misrepresentation, whether or not such misrepresentation be negligent or intentional, unless he is guilty of actual fraud, corruption or actual malice.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees › Section 823.

823. Neither the widow, widower, nor the heirs of a peace officer, as defined in Sections 830.1, 830.2, and 830.32 of the Penal Code, shall be liable individually for any injury or death that may result from an act or omission of a peace officer that occurs in his or her line of duty, including an act or omission not directly related to the officer’s death, if the officer was slain while in the line of duty. Nothing in this section shall preclude any action from being brought against the estate of the peace officer.
(Added by Stats. 1998, Ch. 559, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 1999.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 4 - Indemnification of Public Employees › Section 825.2.

825.2. (a) Subject to subdivision (b), if an employee or former employee of a public entity pays any claim or judgment against him, or any portion thereof, that the public entity is required to pay under Section 825, he is entitled to recover the amount of such payment from the public entity.
(b) If the public entity did not conduct his defense against the action or claim, or if the public entity conducted such defense pursuant to an agreement with him reserving the rights of the public entity against him, an employee or former employee of a public entity may recover from the public entity under subdivision (a) only if he establishes that the act or omission upon which the claim or judgment is based occurred within the scope of his employment as an employee of the public entity and the public entity fails to establish that he acted or failed to act because of actual fraud, corruption or actual malice or that he willfully failed or refused to conduct the defense of the claim or action in good faith or to reasonably cooperate in good faith in the defense conducted by the public entity.
(c) If the provisions of this section are in conflict with the provisions of a memorandum of understanding reached pursuant to Chapter 12 (commencing with Section 3560) of Division 4 of Title 1, the memorandum of understanding shall be controlling without further legislative action, except that if such provisions of a memorandum of understanding require the expenditure of funds, the provisions shall not become effective unless approved by the Legislature in the annual Budget Act.
(Amended by Stats. 1979, Ch. 1072.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 4 - Indemnification of Public Employees › Section 825.4.

825.4. Except as provided in Section 825.6, if a public entity pays any claim or judgment against itself or against an employee or former employee of the public entity, or any portion thereof, for an injury arising out of an act or omission of the employee or former employee of the public entity, he is not liable to indemnify the public entity.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability › ARTICLE 5 - Indemnification of Certain State Agents › Section 827.

827. A provider of health care, as defined in Section 56.05 of the Civil Code, its officers, employees, agents, and subcontractors, who are defended by the Attorney General pursuant to Section 12511.5, or other legal counsel provided by the state, shall be indemnified in accordance with Section 825, subject to the same conditions and limitations applicable to state employees, except that no provider of health care shall be indemnified in a civil rights action unless the health care provider maintains insurance for professional negligence. To the extent that negligence constitutes the basis of liability of the health care provider, the provider’s private insurance shall be the source of recovery.
(Added by Stats. 1995, Ch. 749, Sec. 3. Effective October 10, 1995.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 2 - Dangerous Conditions of Public Property › ARTICLE 1 - General › Section 830.

830. As used in this chapter:
(a) “Dangerous condition” means a condition of property that creates a substantial (as distinguished from a minor, trivial or insignificant) risk of injury when such property or adjacent property is used with due care in a manner in which it is reasonably foreseeable that it will be used.
(b) “Protect against” includes repairing, remedying or correcting a dangerous condition, providing safeguards against a dangerous condition, or warning of a dangerous condition.
(c) “Property of a public entity” and “public property” mean real or personal property owned or controlled by the public entity, but do not include easements, encroachments and other property that are located on the property of the public entity but are not owned or controlled by the public entity.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 2 - Dangerous Conditions of Public Property › ARTICLE 1 - General › Section 830.1.

830.1. For purposes of this chapter, seismic safety improvements or fire sprinkler improvements which are owned, built, controlled, operated, and maintained by the private owner of the building in which they are installed are not public property or property of a public entity solely because the improvements were financed, in whole or in part, by means of the formation of a special assessment district.
(Added by Stats. 1990, Ch. 1318, Sec. 1.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 2 - Dangerous Conditions of Public Property › ARTICLE 1 - General › Section 830.2.

830.2. A condition is not a dangerous condition within the meaning of this chapter if the trial or appellate court, viewing the evidence most favorably to the plaintiff, determines as a matter of law that the risk created by the condition was of such a minor, trivial or insignificant nature in view of the surrounding circumstances that no reasonable person would conclude that the condition created a substantial risk of injury when such property or adjacent property was used with due care in a manner in which it was reasonably foreseeable that it would be used.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 2 - Dangerous Conditions of Public Property › ARTICLE 1 - General › Section 830.4.

830.4. A condition is not a dangerous condition within the meaning of this chapter merely because of the failure to provide regulatory traffic control signals, stop signs, yield right-of-way signs, or speed restriction signs, as described by the Vehicle Code, or distinctive roadway markings as described in Section 21460 of the Vehicle Code.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 2 - Dangerous Conditions of Public Property › ARTICLE 1 - General › Section 830.5.

830.5. (a) Except where the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur is applicable, the happening of the accident which results in the injury is not in and of itself evidence that public property was in a dangerous condition.
(b) The fact that action was taken after an injury occurred to protect against a condition of public property is not evidence that the public property was in a dangerous condition at the time of the injury.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 2 - Dangerous Conditions of Public Property › ARTICLE 1 - General › Section 830.6.

830.6. Neither a public entity nor a public employee is liable under this chapter for an injury caused by the plan or design of a construction of, or an improvement to, public property where such plan or design has been approved in advance of the construction or improvement by the legislative body of the public entity or by some other body or employee exercising discretionary authority to give such approval or where such plan or design is prepared in conformity with standards previously so approved, if the trial or appellate court determines that there is any substantial evidence upon the basis of which (a) a reasonable public employee could have adopted the plan or design or the standards therefor or (b) a reasonable legislative body or other body or employee could have approved the plan or design or the standards therefor. Notwithstanding notice that constructed or improved public property may no longer be in conformity with a plan or design or a standard which reasonably could be approved by the legislative body or other body or employee, the immunity provided by this section shall continue for a reasonable period of time sufficient to permit the public entity to obtain funds for and carry out remedial work necessary to allow such public property to be in conformity with a plan or design approved by the legislative body of the public entity or other body or employee, or with a plan or design in conformity with a standard previously approved by such legislative body or other body or employee. In the event that the public entity is unable to remedy such public property because of practical impossibility or lack of sufficient funds, the immunity provided by this section shall remain so long as such public entity shall reasonably attempt to provide adequate warnings of the existence of the condition not conforming to the approved plan or design or to the approved standard. However, where a person fails to heed such warning or occupies public property despite such warning, such failure or occupation shall not in itself constitute an assumption of the risk of the danger indicated by the warning.
(Amended by Stats. 1979, Ch. 481.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 2 - Dangerous Conditions of Public Property › ARTICLE 1 - General › Section 830.8.

830.8. Neither a public entity nor a public employee is liable under this chapter for an injury caused by the failure to provide traffic or warning signals, signs, markings or devices described in the Vehicle Code. Nothing in this section exonerates a public entity or public employee from liability for injury proximately caused by such failure if a signal, sign, marking or device (other than one described in Section 830.4) was necessary to warn of a dangerous condition which endangered the safe movement of traffic and which would not be reasonably apparent to, and would not have been anticipated by, a person exercising due care.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 2 - Dangerous Conditions of Public Property › ARTICLE 1 - General › Section 830.9.

830.9. Neither a public entity nor a public employee is liable for an injury caused by the operation or nonoperation of official traffic control signals when controlled by an emergency vehicle in accordance with the provisions of subdivision (a) of Section 25258 of the Vehicle Code.
(Added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1037.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 2 - Dangerous Conditions of Public Property › ARTICLE 1 - General › Section 831.

831. Neither a public entity nor a public employee is liable for an injury caused by the effect on the use of streets and highways of weather conditions as such. Nothing in this section exonerates a public entity or public employee from liability for injury proximately caused by such effect if it would not be reasonably apparent to, and would not be anticipated by, a person exercising due care. For the purpose of this section, the effect on the use of streets and highways of weather conditions includes the effect of fog, wind, rain, flood, ice or snow but does not include physical damage to or deterioration of streets and highways resulting from weather conditions.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 2 - Dangerous Conditions of Public Property › ARTICLE 1 - General › Section 831.2.

831.2. Neither a public entity nor a public employee is liable for an injury caused by a natural condition of any unimproved public property, including but not limited to any natural condition of any lake, stream, bay, river or beach.
(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 2 - Dangerous Conditions of Public Property › ARTICLE 1 - General › Section 831.21.

831.21. (a) Public beaches shall be deemed to be in a natural condition and unimproved notwithstanding the provision or absence of public safety services such as lifeguards, police or sheriff patrols, medical services, fire protection services, beach cleanup services, or signs. The provisions of this section shall apply only to natural conditions of public property and shall not limit any liability or immunity that may otherwise exist pursuant to this division.
(b) This section shall only be applicable to causes of action based upon acts or omissions occurring on or after January 1, 1988.
(Added by Stats. 1987, Ch. 1209, Sec. 1.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 2 - Dangerous Conditions of Public Property › ARTICLE 1 - General › Section 831.25.

831.25. (a) Neither a public entity nor a public employee is liable for any damage or injury to property, or for emotional distress unless the plaintiff has suffered substantial physical injury, off the public entity’s property caused by land failure of any unimproved public property if the land failure was caused by a natural condition of the unimproved public property.
(b) For the purposes of this section, a natural condition exists and property shall be deemed unimproved notwithstanding the intervention of minor improvements made for the preservation or prudent management of the property in its unimproved state that did not contribute to the land failure.
(c) As used in this section, “land failure” means any movement of land, including a landslide, mudslide, creep, subsidence, and any other gradual or rapid movement of land.
(d) This section shall not benefit any public entity or public employee who had actual notice of probable damage that is likely to occur outside the public property because of land failure and who fails to give a reasonable warning of the danger to the affected property owners. Neither a public entity nor a public employee is liable for any damage or injury arising from the giving of a warning under this section.
(e) Nothing in this section shall limit the immunity provided by Section 831.2.
(f) Nothing in this section creates a duty of care or basis of liability for damage or injury to property or of liability for emotional distress.
(Amended by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1034, Sec. 1.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 2 - Dangerous Conditions of Public Property › ARTICLE 1 - General › Section 831.3.

831.3. Neither a public entity nor a public employee is liable for any injury occurring on account of the grading or the performance of other maintenance or repair on or reconstruction or replacement of any road which has not officially been accepted as a part of the road system under the jurisdiction of the public entity if the grading, maintenance, repair, or reconstruction or replacement is performed with reasonable care and leaves the road in no more dangerous or unsafe condition than it was before the work commenced. No act of grading, maintenance, repair, or reconstruction or replacement within the meaning of this section shall be deemed to give rise to any duty of the public entity to continue any grading, maintenance, repair, or reconstruction or replacement on any road not a part of the road system under the public entity’s jurisdiction. As used in this section “reconstruction or replacement” means reconstruction or replacement performed pursuant to Article 3 (commencing with Section 1160) of Chapter 4 of Division 2 of the Streets and Highways Code.
(Amended by Stats. 1986, Ch. 578, Sec. 1. Effective August 26, 1986.)
2023 California Code › Government Code - GOV › TITLE 1 - GENERAL › DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES › CHAPTER 2 - Dangerous Conditions of Public Property › ARTICLE 1 - General › Section 831.4.

831.4. A public entity, public employee, or a grantor of a public easement to a public entity for any of the following purposes, is not liable for an injury caused by a condition of:
(a) Any unpaved road which provides access to fishing, hunting, camping, hiking, riding, including animal and all types of vehicular riding, water sports, recreational or scenic areas and which is not a (1) city street or highway or (2) county, state or federal highway or (3) public street or highway of a joint highway district, boulevard district, bridge and highway district or similar district formed for the improvement or building of public streets or highways.
(b) Any trail used for the above purposes.
(c) Any paved trail, walkway, path, or sidewalk on an easement of way which has been granted to a public entity, which easement provides access to any unimproved property, so long as such public entity shall reasonably attempt to provide adequate warnings of the existence of any condition of the paved trail, walkway, path, or sidewalk which constitutes a hazard to health or safety. Warnings required by this subdivision shall only be required where pathways are paved, and such requirement shall not be construed to be a standard of care for any unpaved pathways or roads.
(Amended by Stats. 1979, Ch. 1010.)