reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26B - Alabama School of Fine Arts. › Section 16-26B-7 - School Year; Summer Programs; Short Courses; Extension Courses; Admission; Extracurricular Activities.

Section 16-26B-7
School year; summer programs; short courses; extension courses; admission; extracurricular activities.
(a) The school may, at the discretion of the school board, operate on the same school year basis as all other public schools in Alabama. Full-time students shall be enrolled for the entire school year and may enroll in summer programs.
(b) Summer programs may be offered for full-time students and for students who qualify to attend the school during summer periods.
(c) The school may offer short courses, workshops, seminars, weekend instructional programs, and other innovative programs for students not enrolled as full-time students in the school.
(d) The school, at the discretion of the school board, may provide extension courses on the campuses of other educational institutions within the state.
(e) The school shall admit students who meet the qualifications and conditions set by the executive director and approved by the school board.
(f) Whenever possible, the school shall offer extracurricular activities of the type found in public secondary schools in the state.
(Acts 1992, No. 92-531, p. 1070, §§7, 8.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26B - Alabama School of Fine Arts. › Section 16-26B-8 - High School of Mathematics and Science Programs.

Section 16-26B-8
High school of mathematics and science programs.
It is not the intent of this Legislature to conflict with existing or future programs of the Alabama High School of Mathematics and Science as codified as Sections 16-26A-1 through 16-26A-9.
(Acts 1992, No. 92-531, p. 1070, §10.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26C - Alabama Education Foundation. › Section 16-26C-1 - Legislative Findings and Intent.

Section 16-26C-1
Legislative findings and intent.
Repealed by Act 2014-372, §2, effective April 9, 2014.
(Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-716, p. 212, §1; Act 98-319, p. 535, §7.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26C - Alabama Education Foundation. › Section 16-26C-1.1 - Letson Grants.

Section 16-26C-1.1
Letson Grants.
Repealed by Act 2014-372, §2, effective April 9, 2014.
(Act 98-319, p. 535, §2.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26C - Alabama Education Foundation. › Section 16-26C-2 - Incorporation Authorized.

Section 16-26C-2
Incorporation authorized.
Repealed by Act 2014-372, §2, effective April 9, 2014.
(Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-716, p. 212, §2; Act 98-319, p. 535, §8.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26C - Alabama Education Foundation. › Section 16-26C-3 - Application for Incorporation.

Section 16-26C-3
Application for incorporation.
Repealed by Act 2014-372, §2, effective April 9, 2014.
(Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-716, p. 212, §3.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26C - Alabama Education Foundation. › Section 16-26C-4 - Certificate of Incorporation.

Section 16-26C-4
Certificate of incorporation.
Repealed by Act 2014-372, §2, effective April 9, 2014.
(Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-716, p. 212, §4; Act 98-319, p. 535, §9.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26C - Alabama Education Foundation. › Section 16-26C-5 - Board of Trustees and Officers.

Section 16-26C-5
Board of trustees and officers.
Repealed by Act 98-319, p. 535, § 13, effective October 1, 1998.
(Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-716, p. 212, §5.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26C - Alabama Education Foundation. › Section 16-26C-5.1 - Duties of State Superintendent and Chief Executive Officer of Teachers' Retirement System.

Section 16-26C-5.1
Duties of state superintendent and Chief Executive Officer of Teachers' Retirement System.
Repealed by Act 2014-372, §2, effective April 9, 2014.
(Act 98-319, p. 535, §6.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26C - Alabama Education Foundation. › Section 16-26C-6 - Purpose of the Foundation.

Section 16-26C-6
Purpose of the foundation.
Repealed by Act 2014-372, §2, effective April 9, 2014.
(Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-716, p. 212, §6; Act 98-319, p. 535, §3.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26C - Alabama Education Foundation. › Section 16-26C-7 - Powers of the Foundation.

Section 16-26C-7
Powers of the foundation.
Repealed by Act 2014-372, §2, effective April 9, 2014.
(Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-716, p. 212, §7.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26C - Alabama Education Foundation. › Section 16-26C-8 - Acceptance of Appropriations, Gifts, and Grants.

Section 16-26C-8
Acceptance of appropriations, gifts, and grants.
Repealed by Act 2014-372, §2, effective April 9, 2014.
(Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-716, p. 212, §8; Act 98-319, p. 535, §10.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26C - Alabama Education Foundation. › Section 16-26C-9 - Management and Disbursement of Assets and Earnings.

Section 16-26C-9
Management and disbursement of assets and earnings.
Repealed by Act 2014-372, §2, effective April 9, 2014.
(Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-716, p. 212, §9; Act 98-319, p. 535, §4.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26C - Alabama Education Foundation. › Section 16-26C-10 - Reports to the Legislature.

Section 16-26C-10
Reports to the Legislature.
Repealed by Act 2014-372, §2, effective April 9, 2014.
(Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-716, p. 212, §10.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26C - Alabama Education Foundation. › Section 16-26C-11 - Exemptions From Taxation.

Section 16-26C-11
Exemptions from taxation.
Repealed by Act 2014-372, §2, effective April 9, 2014.
(Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-716, p. 212, §11.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26C - Alabama Education Foundation. › Section 16-26C-12 - Nonprofit and Public Nature of the Foundation.

Section 16-26C-12
Nonprofit and public nature of the foundation.
Repealed by Act 2014-372, §2, effective April 9, 2014.
(Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-716, p. 212, §12.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26C - Alabama Education Foundation. › Section 16-26C-13 - Dissolution of the Foundation.

Section 16-26C-13
Dissolution of the foundation.
Repealed by Act 2014-372, §2, effective April 9, 2014.
(Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-716, p. 212, §13; Act 98-319, p. 535, §5.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26D - Alabama School of Cyber Technology and Engineering. › Section 16-26D-1 - Legislative Intent.

Section 16-26D-1
Legislative intent.
It is the intent of the Legislature to establish an independent, residential school for academically motivated and gifted Alabama students with educational opportunities and experiences in the rapidly growing fields of cyber technology and engineering and to assist teachers, administrators, and superintendents across the state in replicating cyber technology and engineering studies in their own schools.
(Act 2018-480, §1.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26D - Alabama School of Cyber Technology and Engineering. › Section 16-26D-2 - Definitions.

Section 16-26D-2
Definitions.
For the purposes of this chapter, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
(1) DEPARTMENT. The State Department of Education.
(2) SCHOOL. The Alabama School of Cyber Technology and Engineering.
(3) STATE BOARD. The State Board of Education.
(4) SUPERINTENDENT. The State Superintendent of Education.
(Act 2018-480, §2.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26D - Alabama School of Cyber Technology and Engineering. › Section 16-26D-3 - Creation; Governance; Coordination of Programs and Curriculum.

Section 16-26D-3
Creation; governance; coordination of programs and curriculum.
(a) There is created a program to be called the Alabama School of Cyber Technology and Engineering, which shall be a residential institution located in Huntsville in Madison County, at a site to be determined by the board of trustees. The school may open and formally begin operation with the fall semester of 2020. The school shall be funded by the state from monies appropriated for the school and grants, donations, and funds from any other source including, but not limited to, corporations, individuals, and foundations.
(b) The school shall be governed by a board of trustees whose membership, powers, duties, and responsibilities shall be as provided in this chapter.
(c) The school shall coordinate its programs and curriculum with the department, but shall be independent of the control of the superintendent, the state board, and any local board of education except its board of trustees, unless otherwise provided by this chapter.
(Act 2018-480, §3.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26D - Alabama School of Cyber Technology and Engineering. › Section 16-26D-4 - Board of Trustees - Composition; Terms.

Section 16-26D-4
Board of trustees - Composition; terms.
(a) There is created a board of trustees for the school. The board of trustees shall be composed of the following members:
(1) An assistant state superintendent in charge of curriculum development with the department, or his or her designee.
(2) The President of Auburn University, or his or her designee.
(3) The President of the University of Alabama in Huntsville, or his or her designee.
(4) The President of Alabama A&M University, or his or her designee.
(5) The President of Tuskegee University, or his or her designee.
(6) The President of the University of South Alabama, or his or her designee.
(7) The President of the University of Alabama, or his or her designee.
(8) The Chair of the Alabama School of Cyber Technology and Engineering Foundation.
(9) The Chair of the House Ways and Means Education Committee, or his or her designee.
(10) The Chair of the Senate Finance and Taxation Education Committee, or his or her designee.
(11) The Chancellor of the Alabama Community College System, or his or her designee.
(12) Eight members to be appointed by the Governor, one member from each congressional district and one member appointed at large, who shall be a resident of Madison County. Five of the eight members appointed by the Governor shall have a background in business. The other three members appointed by the Governor may include appointees with backgrounds in academia, government, or other career fields that provide a strong basis for service. The Governor shall make his or her appointments so that diversity of gender, race, and geographical areas is reflective of the makeup of this state.
(b) The terms of the eight members appointed by the Governor shall be for six years, except for original appointees who shall serve staggered terms with three appointees serving two years, three appointees serving four years, and two appointees serving six years. The terms of the initial members who are elected officials, or their respective designees, shall commence with their appointment, run concurrently with their terms of office, and shall end when their successors take office. The terms of members who are not serving by virtue of an elected office shall commence with their appointment and shall end when their successor is appointed. All members may succeed themselves. No member shall be appointed for more than three consecutive full terms.
(Act 2018-480, §4.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26D - Alabama School of Cyber Technology and Engineering. › Section 16-26D-6 - Schedules; Enrollment.

Section 16-26D-6
Schedules; enrollment.
(a) The school, at the discretion of the board of trustees, shall operate on the same school year basis as all other public schools in the state. Full-time students shall be enrolled for the entire school year and may enroll in the summer program.
(b) A summer program may be offered for full-time students and for students who qualify to attend the school during that period.
(c) The school may also offer short courses, workshops, seminars, weekend instructional programs, and other innovative programs which may be used to offer instruction to students not enrolled as full-time students in the school.
(d) The school, at the discretion of the board of trustees, may provide extension courses and campuses on the campuses of other schools, colleges, and universities within the state.
(Act 2018-480, §6.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26D - Alabama School of Cyber Technology and Engineering. › Section 16-26D-7 - Extracurricular Activities.

Section 16-26D-7
Extracurricular activities.
Whenever possible, the school may offer such extracurricular activities as may be found in any public secondary school in the state.
(Act 2018-480, §7.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26D - Alabama School of Cyber Technology and Engineering. › Section 16-26D-8 - Funding.

Section 16-26D-8
Funding.
Nothing in this chapter shall be so construed as to prohibit or prevent the board of trustees from accepting federal funds or monies from any corporation or other private contributor for use in operating the school or providing programs by the school.
(Act 2018-480, §8.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 26D - Alabama School of Cyber Technology and Engineering. › Section 16-26D-9 - Relation to Other Programs.

Section 16-26D-9
Relation to other programs.
It is not the intent of this Legislature to conflict with existing or future programs of the Alabama High School of Mathematics and Science, Chapter 26A of this title, or the Alabama School of Fine Arts, Chapter 26B of this title.
(Act 2018-480, §9.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 27 - Transportation of Pupils. › Section 16-27-1 - State Board of Education to Prescribe Rules and Regulations.

Section 16-27-1
State Board of Education to prescribe rules and regulations.
The State Board of Education shall prescribe rules and regulations:
(1) Requiring all local boards of education which provide transportation services for pupils going to and from public elementary and secondary schools of Alabama or in school-related activities, and the presidents of all state community, junior and technical colleges and directors of all state technical institutes and trade schools which provide transportation services for pupils going to and from said technical institutes and trade schools or community, junior and technical colleges to employ a competent supervisor or manager of such transportation services, whether such transportation services are provided in publicly owned or privately owned buses;
(2) Requiring periodic safety inspection of all vehicles used for transporting pupils, whether such vehicles are publicly or privately owned;
(3) Requiring and providing for special training and licensing of drivers of all vehicles used to transport pupils to and from school and in all school-related activities, whether such vehicles are publicly owned and operated or operated under contract with a private owner.
(Acts 1969, No. 281, p. 614, §1.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 27 - Transportation of Pupils. › Section 16-27-2 - Transportation of Community, Junior and Technical College, etc., Students on Public School Buses.

Section 16-27-2
Transportation of community, junior and technical college, etc., students on public school buses.
(a) A student attending a state community, junior and technical college, technical institute or trade school shall be entitled to receive transportation on a public school bus; provided, that no community, junior and technical college, technical institute and trade school bus service is available to such student, such student lives along a route usually served by a public school bus and there is space available in such public school bus for the safe transportation of additional students.
(b) The county boards of education whose school buses are being used shall adopt such rules and regulations necessary to carry out the provisions and intent of this section.
(Acts 1966, Ex. Sess., No. 448, p. 621, §§ 1, 2.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 27 - Transportation of Pupils. › Section 16-27-3 - Safety Inspections by State School Bus Inspectors; Reporting and Remedying Deficiencies; Records and Reports.

Section 16-27-3
Safety inspections by state school bus inspectors; reporting and remedying deficiencies; records and reports.
(a) Safety inspections provided for in the rules hereinabove mentioned shall be made by authorized, qualified State Department of Education employees and shall be made at least once each year and more often when, in the judgment of the State Superintendent of Education, such inspections should be made. The state Director of Public Safety shall advise and consult with the State Department of Education relative to the type and manner of inspections to be made and the scheduling thereof. When a safety check by a state school bus inspector indicates that a bus does not meet the safety standards set up by the State Board of Education, the inspector shall immediately report this fact to the local board of education using such bus. The report shall define the deficiency and prescribe the immediate status of the bus regarding its use; and any bus found by the inspector to be unsafe for operation shall not be used to transport pupils until appropriate repairs have been made. Any restrictions placed on a school bus by an official inspector can be lifted only:
(1) When a follow-up inspection reveals that the deficiency has been removed; or
(2) When the local superintendent of education certifies to the State Department of Education that the prescribed repairs or corrections have been made.
(b) Records and reports relative to such inspections and corrections shall be made on forms prescribed by the State Board of Education. Such records and reports shall be maintained on file by the local board of education for a minimum period of one year.
(Acts 1969, No. 281, p. 614, §2; Acts 1971, No. 970, p. 1727.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 27 - Transportation of Pupils. › Section 16-27-4 - Licensing of Drivers.

Section 16-27-4
Licensing of drivers.
Regulations made pursuant to an order of the board of education requiring and providing for special training and licensing of drivers of vehicles used to transport pupils to and from school shall require an applicant for a school bus driver's license to be the holder of a currently valid regular driver's license and to complete a minimum of 12 clock-hours of approved instruction in school bus driving and to pass satisfactorily a written examination and also a driving performance test. The written examination shall be designed by the State Superintendent of Education with the cooperation of the state Director of Public Safety and may be given to the applicant either by an employee of the State Department of Education or a state trooper or other representative of the State Department of Public Safety as the State Superintendent of Education and the Director of Public Safety agree; but the driving performance test shall be given by a state trooper or other representative of the state Department of Public Safety. The plan for the performance test shall, however, be submitted to and approved by the State Superintendent of Education before the performance test is given. If the applicant for a school bus driver's license satisfactorily passes the test, the testing officer shall report this fact to the State Superintendent of Education and shall send a copy of such report to the local superintendent of education of the county or city where the applicant desires a job as a school bus driver.
Upon receipt of the testing officer's report of an applicant having satisfactorily passed the examinations, the State Superintendent of Education shall issue a special school bus driver's license. Such license shall be valid for one year from the date of its issuance and may be renewed annually for an additional year if the applicant attends a four clock-hour training session for school bus drivers conducted in such manner as the State Superintendent of Education prescribes. Such rules may also provide for the issuance of temporary permits or licenses for school bus drivers who have had a minimum of four clock-hours of instruction conducted by representatives of a local board of education. Holders of such temporary licenses shall only be employed for the purpose of filling vacancies which develop between scheduled training periods, and such temporary licenses shall be valid for a maximum of six months only.
(Acts 1969, No. 281, p. 614, §3; Acts 1971, No. 970, p. 1727, § 1; Acts 1982, No. 82-618, p. 1170, §1.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 27 - Transportation of Pupils. › Section 16-27-5 - Monthly Safety Inspections.

Section 16-27-5
Monthly safety inspections.
All local boards of education, all presidents of state community, junior and technical colleges and all directors of state technical institutes and trade schools which provide transportation services for pupils or students going to and from public elementary and secondary schools, community, junior and technical colleges or technical institutes and trade schools, and in school or college related activities shall have safety inspections made of all vehicles used for such transportation at least once each month, whether such vehicles are publicly owned and operated or privately owned and operated under contract between the board of education, board of trustees or other governing body of a community, junior and technical college and the owner of vehicle. All safety inspections made hereunder shall be made by qualified mechanics in accordance with standards and rules established by the State Board of Education.
(Acts 1969, No. 281, p. 614, §4.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 27 - Transportation of Pupils. › Section 16-27-6 - Seat Belts.

Section 16-27-6
Seat belts.
(a) No school bus shall be operated on a public street, highway or elsewhere unless it shall be equipped with a seat belt for the driver.
(b) The driver of a school bus while transporting pupils on a public street or highway or elsewhere shall wear a properly fastened seat belt when the bus is in motion. Failure of a bus driver to comply with this requirement shall be prima facie evidence of nonfeasance of duty, and any driver who fails to comply with this requirement shall be subject to dismissal.
(c) Every contract between a board of education and a school bus contract operator shall contain a clause requiring the driver of a school bus to wear a properly fastened seat belt when the bus is being used for the transporting of pupils on a public street or highway or elsewhere. Failure of any driver to comply with this requirement shall constitute a breach of contract on the part of the contract operator.
(Acts 1969, No. 281, p. 614, §5.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 27 - Transportation of Pupils. › Section 16-27-7 - Vehicle Liability Insurance for Employees Required to Transport Pupils.

Section 16-27-7
Vehicle liability insurance for employees required to transport pupils.
(a) The State Board of Education, each governing board of Alabama's public senior universities and each city and county board of education shall provide vehicle liability insurance for bus drivers or any other employee who is required to transport pupils. Said vehicle liability insurance shall cover personal liabilities for bus drivers or any other employee who is required to transport pupils. Said liability insurance shall be applicable to moving vehicular accidents only.
(b) School boards and other agencies covered by this section shall be deemed to be in compliance with the requirements of this section by either purchasing a liability insurance policy naming drivers as insureds, or if the employing board elects not to purchase a policy, by reimbursing individual employees for amounts necessary to add "drive other car broad form liability" riders to their individual vehicle liability insurance policies, to the limits specified by the employing board or agency.
(c) The provisions of this section shall also apply to the Alabama Department of Youth Services and the Alabama Institute for Deaf and Blind.
(Acts 1984, No. 84-191, p. 300, §§ 1, 2.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 27 - Transportation of Pupils. › Section 16-27-8 - School Buses - Crossing Control Arm Required.

Section 16-27-8
School buses - Crossing control arm required.
(a) No new school bus registered in this state and purchased after August 1, 2000, to transport public and nonpublic school students shall be operated or used as a school bus within this state unless the bus is equipped with a crossing control arm on the front of the bus that conforms to equipment and installation standards promulgated by the State Board of Education pursuant to the Administrative Procedure Act, Chapter 22 of Title 41, commencing with Section 41-22-1.
(b) Priority in the use of any new school bus equipped with a crossing arm shall be given to the transportation of elementary school students.
(c) A crossing arm meeting the standards promulgated by the board shall be designed to swing out at least seventy inches from the front of a school bus each time the bus stops and opens its doors for school children to enter or exit the bus.
(Act 2000-701, p. 1424, §§1, 2; Act 2004-484, p. 901, §1.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 27A - Alabama School Bus Safety Act. › Section 16-27A-1 - Short Title; Civil Enforcement of School Bus Violations Authorized.

Section 16-27A-1
Short title; civil enforcement of school bus violations authorized.
(a) This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the Alabama School Bus Safety Act.
(b) Any board may authorize a process of civil enforcement of a school bus violation pursuant to the procedures set out in this chapter.
(c) The provisions of this chapter shall not compel a governing body or board to participate in the safety program created herein.
(Act 2016-166, §1.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 27A - Alabama School Bus Safety Act. › Section 16-27A-2 - Definitions.

Section 16-27A-2
Definitions.
The following definitions and provisions shall apply to this chapter:
(1) AUTOMATED DEVICE. Any camera or recording device that uses a vehicle sensor and camera synchronized to record by photograph or video the rear of a motor vehicle approaching or overtaking a school bus that is stopped for the purpose of receiving or discharging school children in violation of Section 32-5A-154.
(2) BOARD. A board of education or the governing body of a school system.
(3) CONTRACTOR. A company that provides services to a board or governing body including, but not limited to, automated devices, citation processing, and collection of the civil fines. None of the activities of the contractor shall be construed as an agent providing or participating in private investigative services or acting as a statutory authority under open records laws.
(4) COURT. A district court, if a school bus violation occurs in an unincorporated area or a municipal court if a violation occurs in an incorporated municipality.
(5) GOVERNING BODY. A county commission, city council, or city commission.
(6) LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY. A law enforcement agency of a local governing body, a county sheriff, the Alabama State Law Enforcement Agency, or a school system that is authorized to issue a citation for a violation of the state vehicle law or of local traffic laws or regulations.
(7) OWNER. The meaning ascribed to owner in Section 32-1-1.1, except that the term shall not include a motor vehicle rental or leasing company when a motor vehicle registered by the company is being operated by another person under a rental or lease agreement with the company, in which event owner shall mean the person to whom the vehicle is rented or leased; nor shall the term include motor vehicles displaying a dealer license plate, in which event owner shall mean the person to whom the vehicle is assigned for use; nor shall the term include the owner of a vehicle that has been reported stolen to a law enforcement agency prior to the time of the violation, in which event owner shall mean the person who is found guilty of stealing the motor vehicle.
(8) SCHOOL BUS VIOLATION or VIOLATION. Any violation of Section 32-5A-154.
(9) TRAINED TECHNICIAN. A sworn law enforcement officer or person who has received instruction and training in the proper use of the automated photographic enforcement system to be used by the school board or contractor.
(Act 2016-166, §2.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 27A - Alabama School Bus Safety Act. › Section 16-27A-3 - Adoption of Automated School Bus Enforcement Program; Fines.

Section 16-27A-3
Adoption of automated school bus enforcement program; fines.
(a) A board may approve the use of automated devices to detect school bus violations by voting at a meeting of the board to approve the adoption of an automated school bus enforcement program.
The school board may elect to operate the program authorized in this chapter without the involvement of the governing body or sheriff through the utilization of a trained technician. In such case, all references in this chapter to governing body, county, or city shall apply to the school board.
(b) In the alternative, if approved by a board and authorized by ordinance or resolution enacted by the governing body, the board may enter into an agreement with a contractor for the installation, operation, notice processing, administration, and maintenance of school bus automated devices on buses within the school system's fleet whether owned or leased. Prior to entering into a contract for the installation, operation, notice processing, administration, and maintenance of school bus automated devices, the board shall have entered into an intergovernmental agreement with the appropriate law enforcement agencies, municipal police department, the Alabama State Law Enforcement Agency, and/or county sheriff, and the local governing body providing that the appropriate law enforcement agency is willing to review any violation occurring in its respective jurisdiction.
(c) A civil fine of three hundred dollars ($300) for each offense shall be imposed for a school bus violation for which a notice of violation is issued pursuant to this chapter. All such fines shall be paid, after deducting costs to administer, operate, and maintain the program, as follows: 40 percent to the county or municipal governing body which contracted for the operation of a school bus violation program through an intergovernmental agreement with the board pursuant to subsection (b); 40 percent to the school system where the offense was committed; 10 percent to the State Department of Education for school bus safety initiatives; and 10 percent to the Alabama State Law Enforcement Agency for highway safety enforcement.
(Act 2016-166, §3.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 27A - Alabama School Bus Safety Act. › Section 16-27A-5 - Payment of Fines.

Section 16-27A-5
Payment of fines.
The owner of a vehicle that has been issued a notice of violation shall be responsible for payment of the civil fine unless the owner successfully transfers responsibility, there is an adjudication that no violation occurred, or there is an otherwise lawful determination that no civil penalty shall be imposed. All owners of a vehicle who are mailed or receive a notice of violation shall be jointly and severally liable for payment of the civil fine. The county or municipality may collect the civil fine in the same manner as any other debt owed to the county or municipality.
(Act 2016-166, §5.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 27A - Alabama School Bus Safety Act. › Section 16-27A-6 - Transfer of Responsibility for Payment of Fine.

Section 16-27A-6
Transfer of responsibility for payment of fine.
(a) The owner shall not be responsible for payment of the civil fine resulting from a notice of violation if each of the following conditions apply:
(1) The vehicle was operated at the time of the violation by a person who was not the owner or an agent or employee of the owner.
(2) The owner signs and timely transmits to the governing body on the form provided with the notice of violation and in accordance with the procedure set out on the notice of violation a statement that he or she was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation, and that the person who was operating the vehicle was not the agent or employee of the owner.
(3) The owner timely transmits to the governing body on the form provided with the notice of violation and in accordance with the procedure set out on the notice of violation the name and mailing address of the person who was operating the vehicle.
(4) The civil fine is paid by any person, unless there is adjudication that no violation occurred or there is otherwise a lawful determination that no civil penalty shall be imposed.
(b) Whenever a county or municipality timely receives the information required from the owner to transfer responsibility, the county, municipality, or its contractor shall issue a new notice of violation to the person to whom the owner transferred responsibility with an explanation as to why the person is receiving the notice of violation, in the same manner as if the person were the owner of the vehicle. The person shall be responsible for payment of the civil fine unless the person either:
(1) Timely returns a signed statement on a form provided with the notice of violation that he or she was not the operator and declining responsibility, in which case responsibility shall fall back to the owner.
(2) Admits to being the operator but denies committing a violation, in which case the person may contest the notice of violation in the same manner as the owner may contest the notice of violation.
(c) In cases in which a person other than the owner denies he or she was the operator and declines responsibility, a new notice shall be issued to the owner stating that the other person declined responsibility and giving the owner the option of paying the civil fine or contesting the violation by a stated date that shall be not less than 20 days from the mailing of the new notice. The owner may not attempt to transfer responsibility more than one time using this procedure. If the owner chooses to contest the notice of violation after the owner has unsuccessfully attempted to transfer responsibility using this procedure, and the owner claims in defense that another person was the operator of the vehicle, the court may take appropriate action to cause the owner and the other person to appear at the same hearing to determine responsibility.
(Act 2016-166, §6.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 27A - Alabama School Bus Safety Act. › Section 16-27A-8 - Appeals.

Section 16-27A-8
Appeals.
Persons who contest a notice of violation and are adjudicated by the court to be responsible for the civil fine may appeal the adjudication for a trial de novo to the circuit court of the county in which the district or municipal court is located, using the procedures that apply to criminal convictions with the following qualifications:
(1) The proceedings shall retain their civil nature on appeal with the circuit court applying the preponderance of the evidence standard.
(2) The person appealing must, as a condition precedent to appeal, pay the civil fine in full, and failure to do so shall divest the circuit court of jurisdiction. If on appeal the circuit court finds that the person is not responsible for payment of the civil fine, the county or municipality shall refund the same without interest within 15 days of receipt of notice of the disposition from the circuit court. If the person is adjudicated by the circuit court to be responsible for payment of the civil fine, then no additional fine may be imposed by the circuit court, but court costs of the circuit court shall be owed by the person adjudicated responsible with 100 percent of the court costs retained by the circuit court. Court costs in the circuit court shall be calculated as are court costs for criminal appeals from the district or municipal court, and in the event the circuit court finds the person appealing not to be responsible, no court costs shall be owed by the county or municipal board of education.
(3) Regardless of the civil nature of the proceedings, the circuit court, in its discretion and for its administrative convenience, may assign case numbers as for criminal appeals and place the appeals on criminal dockets in the same manner as criminal appeals from a district or municipal court.
(Act 2016-166, §8.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 27A - Alabama School Bus Safety Act. › Section 16-27A-9 - Exception When Identity of Owner Cannot Be Reliably Established.

Section 16-27A-9
Exception when identity of owner cannot be reliably established.
In the event the evidence produced by an automated device does not produce an image or video of the license plate with sufficient clarity for a law enforcement officer or trained technician to determine the identity of the owner, and if the identity cannot otherwise be reliably established, then no notice of violation may be issued pursuant to this chapter.
(Act 2016-166, §9.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 27A - Alabama School Bus Safety Act. › Section 16-27A-10 - Nonpayment of Civil Fine.

Section 16-27A-10
Nonpayment of civil fine.
(a) No person may be arrested or incarcerated for nonpayment of a civil fine.
(b) A governing body may contract with a collection service for the purpose of collecting any unpaid civil fine authorized by this chapter.
(Act 2016-166, §10.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 27A - Alabama School Bus Safety Act. › Section 16-27A-11 - Construction With Other Laws.

Section 16-27A-11
Construction with other laws.
Adoption by a board of the procedures under this chapter and the enforcement of this chapter by a governing body shall not affect current procedure and prosecutions commenced by issuance of a uniform traffic ticket and complaint by a law enforcement officer or otherwise. The issuance of a notice of violation as authorized by this chapter shall be subordinate to the issuance of a uniform traffic ticket and complaint for the same action if issued by a sworn law enforcement officer, and issuance of a uniform traffic ticket and complaint for a school bus violation shall preclude issuance of a notice of violation as authorized by this chapter. In the event both a uniform traffic ticket and complaint and a notice of violation as authorized by this chapter are issued for the same action, the one issued by a sworn law enforcement officer pursuant to Section 32-5A-154, shall control and shall constitute a defense to the other.
(Act 2016-166, §11.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 27A - Alabama School Bus Safety Act. › Section 16-27A-12 - Cause of Action by Owner Against Actual Operator.

Section 16-27A-12
Cause of action by owner against actual operator.
(a) Any person who is held responsible for payment of a civil fine as provided herein, but who was not actually operating the involved vehicle, who timely and properly followed the procedure to transfer responsibility but is ultimately held responsible because of the person's ownership of the vehicle, and who actually pays the civil fine, shall have a cause of action against the person who was operating the vehicle for the amount of the civil fine actually paid plus a reasonable attorney fee, without regard to the rules regarding joint and several liability, contribution, or indemnity.
(b) As a condition precedent to the bringing of a civil action under subsection (a), the person held responsible for payment of the civil fine shall first make written demand on the other person for reimbursement of the civil fine, giving a minimum of 60 days to remit payment, and if reimbursement is fully made within the 60 day period then the cause of action shall be extinguished and no attorney fees or other damages shall attach to the reimbursement.
(Act 2016-166, §12.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 28 - School Attendance. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 16-28-1 - Definitions.

Section 16-28-1
Definitions.
For purposes of this article, the following words, terms and phrases shall have the following respective meanings, unless clearly indicated otherwise:
(1) PRIVATE SCHOOL. Includes only such schools that are established, conducted, and supported by a nongovernmental entity or agency offering educational instruction in grades K-12, or any combination thereof, including preschool, through on-site or home programs.
(2) CHURCH SCHOOL. Includes only schools that offer instruction in grades K-12, or any combination thereof, including preschool, through on-site or home programs, and are operated as a ministry of a local church, group of churches, denomination, and/or association of churches which do not receive any state or federal funding.
(School Code 1927, §302; Code 1940, T. 52, §299; Acts 1982, No. 82-218, p. 260, §1; Act 2014-245, p. 785, §4.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 28 - School Attendance. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 16-28-2 - Purposes of Article.

Section 16-28-2
Purposes of article.
The purposes of this article are to secure the prompt and regular attendance of pupils and to secure their proper conduct, and to hold the parent, guardian or other person in charge or control of a child responsible and liable for such child's nonattendance and improper conduct as a pupil, and to effect these purposes the chapter shall be liberally construed and the courts and those charged with the enforcement of its provisions are vested with a wide discretion in its administration.
(School Code 1927, §321; Code 1940, T. 52, §317.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 28 - School Attendance. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 16-28-2.1 - Adoption of Standards for Mandatory Attendance Policy; Parents Held Accountable; Enforcement.

Section 16-28-2.1
Adoption of standards for mandatory attendance policy; parents held accountable; enforcement.
The Legislature finds that mandatory attendance policies for schools differ from school system to school system throughout the State of Alabama. The State Board of Education shall adopt standards for a mandatory and enforceable attendance policy for all students in public schools in the State of Alabama. Parents shall be held accountable in accordance with Sections 16-28-12 and 16-28-7, for the failure of the child who is of compulsory attendance age to attend either public, private or church-school. Enforcement of this section shall lie with the local board of education and the juvenile court system.
(Acts 1991, No. 91-323, p. 602, §15.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 28 - School Attendance. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 16-28-2.2 - Establishment of Program by Local Boards to Inform Parents of Educational Responsibilities.

Section 16-28-2.2
Establishment of program by local boards to inform parents of educational responsibilities.
(a) Local boards of education, pursuant to guidelines established by the State Board of Education, shall establish educational programs to inform parents of school children of their education-related responsibilities to their children. The programs shall include, but shall not be limited to, coverage of each of the following topics:
(1) The criminal liability and criminal sanctions parents may be subject to under Section 16-28-12, for failing to compel their child to properly conduct himself or herself as a pupil, or for failing to ensure that their child attends school or enrolls in school.
(2) The necessity for a parent to monitor and supervise the school work and educational activities of the child.
(3) An explanation of the responsibilities of teachers and the school system to a child, and an enumeration of those matters that are strictly the responsibility of the parent.
(4) Techniques and suggestions to enable a parent to best supervise the school work and educational activities of the child.
(5) An explanation of the interrelationship of the family life of a child and the educational achievement of the child.
(b) The State Board of Education and local boards of education shall develop strategies to ensure that parents of school children receive this information. These strategies may include provisions for weekend meetings, one-to-one conferences, telephone communications, and neighborhood meetings.
(c) Local district attorneys and law enforcement officials shall, at the request of the local board of education, assist in the implementation and operation of this section.
(Acts 1993, No. 93-672, p. 1213, §2.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 16 - Education. › Chapter 28 - School Attendance. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 16-28-3 - Ages of Children Required to Attend School; Exemption for Church School Students; Transfer Students.

Section 16-28-3
Ages of children required to attend school; exemption for church school students; transfer students.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), every child between the ages of six and 17 years shall be required to attend a public school, private school, church school, or be instructed by a competent private tutor for the entire length of the school term in every scholastic year except that, prior to attaining his or her 16th birthday every child attending a church school as defined in Section 16-28-1 is exempt from the requirements of this section, provided the child complies with enrollment and reporting procedures specified in Section 16-28-7. Admission to public school shall be on an individual basis on the application of the parents, legal custodian, or guardian of the child to the local board of education at the beginning of each school year, under the rules as the board may prescribe; provided, a person who is under 19 years of age and on track to graduate from public school may not be denied admission to public school solely on account of his or her age. The parent, legal custodian, or guardian of a child who is six years of age, may opt out of enrolling his or her child in school at the age of six years by notifying the local school board of education, in writing, that the child will not be enrolled in school until he or she is seven years of age.
(b)(1) If a child withdraws from a public school, upon verification of enrollment in a Southern Association of Colleges and Schools or any entity with accreditation status as determined by one of the agencies identified on the United States Department of Education's list of Recognized National and Regional Accrediting Agencies or their affiliates accredited and recognized online school which has been authorized by the Alabama State Department of Education to provide instruction in lieu of in-person instruction, the child shall be counted as a transfer student.
(2) If a child returns to a public school, semester exams shall be given to the child to determine grade placement.
(3) This subsection does not and should not be interpreted to create online schools. However, if a student chooses to attend an accredited, state authorized online school, that student's former school should not be penalized by the student being classified as a dropout.
(School Code 1927, §301; Code 1940, T. 52, §297; Acts 1956, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 117, p. 446, §3; Acts 1982, No. 82-218, p. 260, §4; Act 2009-564, p. 1648, §1; Act 2012-295, p. 634, §1; Act 2014-403, p. 1484, §§1, 2; Act 2019-447, §1.)