reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 1 - PERSONS › PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION › CHAPTER 3 - Use and Disclosure of Medical Information by Employers › Section 56.24.

56.24. Nothing in this part shall be construed to prevent a person who could sign the authorization pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 56.21 from cancelling or modifying an authorization. However, the cancellation or modification shall be effective only after the employer actually receives written notice of the cancellation or modification.
(Repealed and added by Stats. 1981, Ch. 782, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 1 - PERSONS › PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION › CHAPTER 3 - Use and Disclosure of Medical Information by Employers › Section 56.245.

56.245. A recipient of medical information pursuant to an authorization as provided by this chapter may not further disclose such medical information unless in accordance with a new authorization that meets the requirements of Section 56. 21, or as specifically required or permitted by other provisions of this chapter or by law.
(Added by Stats. 1981, Ch. 782, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 1 - PERSONS › PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION › CHAPTER 4 - Relationship of Chapters 2 and 3 › Section 56.25.

56.25. (a) An employer that is a provider of health care shall not be deemed to have violated Section 56.20 by disclosing, in accordance with Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 56.10), medical information possessed in connection with providing health care services to the provider’s patients.
(b) An employer shall not be deemed to have violated Section 56.20 because a provider of health care that is an employee or agent of the employer uses or discloses, in accordance with Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 56.10), medical information possessed by the provider in connection with providing health care services to the provider’s patients.
(c) A provider of health care that is an employer shall not be deemed to have violated Section 56.10 by disclosing, in accordance with Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 56.20), medical information possessed in connection with employing the provider’s employees. Information maintained by a provider of health care in connection with employing the provider’s employees shall not be deemed to be medical information for purposes of Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 56.20), unless it would be deemed medical information if received or maintained by an employer that is not a provider of health care.
(Repealed and added by Stats. 1981, Ch. 782, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 1 - PERSONS › PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION › CHAPTER 4.1 - Notifications › Section 56.251.

56.251. When partnering with a provider of health care to provide a mental health digital service, any business that offers a mental health digital service shall provide to the provider of health care information regarding how to find data breaches reported pursuant to Section 1798.82 on the internet website of the Attorney General.
(Added by Stats. 2022, Ch. 690, Sec. 3. (AB 2089) Effective January 1, 2023.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 1 - PERSONS › PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION › CHAPTER 5 - Use and Disclosure of Medical and Other Information by Third Party Administrators and Others › Section 56.26.

56.26. (a) No person or entity engaged in the business of furnishing administrative services to programs that provide payment for health care services shall knowingly use, disclose, or permit its employees or agents to use or disclose medical information possessed in connection with performing administrative functions for a program, except as reasonably necessary in connection with the administration or maintenance of the program, or as required by law, or with an authorization.
(b) An authorization required by this section shall be in the same form as described in Section 56.21, except that “third party administrator” shall be substituted for “employer” wherever it appears in Section 56.21.
(c) This section shall not apply to any person or entity that is subject to the Insurance Information Privacy Act or to Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 56.10) or Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 56.20).
(Amended by Stats. 2004, Ch. 183, Sec. 24. Effective January 1, 2005.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 1 - PERSONS › PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION › CHAPTER 5 - Use and Disclosure of Medical and Other Information by Third Party Administrators and Others › Section 56.265.

56.265. A person or entity that underwrites or sells annuity contracts or contracts insuring, guaranteeing, or indemnifying against loss, harm, damage, illness, disability, or death, and any affiliate of that person or entity, shall not disclose individually identifiable information concerning the health of, or the medical or genetic history of, a customer, to any affiliated or nonaffiliated depository institution, or to any other affiliated or nonaffiliated third party for use with regard to the granting of credit.
(Added by Stats. 2000, Ch. 278, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2001.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 1 - PERSONS › PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION › CHAPTER 6 - Relationship to Existing Law › Section 56.27.

56.27. An employer that is an insurance institution, insurance agent, or insurance support organization subject to the Insurance Information and Privacy Protection Act, Article 6.6 (commencing with Section 791) of Part 2 of Division 1 of the Insurance Code, shall not be deemed to have violated Section 56.20 by disclosing medical information gathered in connection with an insurance transaction in accordance with that act.
(Added by Stats. 1981, Ch. 782, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 1 - PERSONS › PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION › CHAPTER 6 - Relationship to Existing Law › Section 56.28.

56.28. Nothing in this part shall be deemed to affect existing laws relating to a patient’s right of access to his or her own medical information, or relating to disclosures made pursuant to Section 1158 of the Evidence Code, or relating to privileges established under the Evidence Code.
(Added by Stats. 1981, Ch. 782, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 1 - PERSONS › PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION › CHAPTER 6 - Relationship to Existing Law › Section 56.29.

56.29. (a) Nothing in Chapter 1 (commencing with Section 1798) of Title 1.8 of Part 4 of Division 3 shall be construed to permit the acquisition or disclosure of medical information regarding a patient without an authorization, where the authorization is required by this part.
(b) The disclosure of medical information regarding a patient which is subject to subdivision (b) of Section 1798.24 shall be made only with an authorization which complies with the provisions of this part. Such disclosure may be made only within the time limits specified in subdivision (b) of Section 1798.24.
(c) Where the acquisition or disclosure of medical information regarding a patient is prohibited or limited by any provision of Chapter 1 (commencing with Section 1798) of Title 1.8 of Part 4 of Division 3, the prohibition or limit shall be applicable in addition to the requirements of this part.
(Repealed and added by Stats. 1981, Ch. 782, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 1 - PERSONS › PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION › CHAPTER 6 - Relationship to Existing Law › Section 56.31.

56.31. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, nothing in subdivision (f) of Section 56.30 shall permit the disclosure or use of medical information regarding whether a patient is infected with or exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus without the prior authorization from the patient unless the patient is an injured worker claiming to be infected with or exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus through an exposure incident arising out of and in the course of employment.
(Added by Stats. 1999, Ch. 766, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2000.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 1 - PERSONS › PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION › CHAPTER 7 - Violations › Section 56.35.

56.35. In addition to any other remedies available at law, a patient whose medical information has been used or disclosed in violation of Section 56.10, 56.104, 56.107, or 56.20 or subdivision (a) of Section 56.26 and who has sustained economic loss or personal injury therefrom may recover compensatory damages, punitive damages not to exceed three thousand dollars ($3,000), attorney’s fees not to exceed one thousand dollars ($1,000), and the costs of litigation.
(Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 190, Sec. 4. (AB 1184) Effective January 1, 2022.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 1 - PERSONS › PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION › CHAPTER 7 - Violations › Section 56.37.

56.37. (a) No provider of health care, health care service plan, or contractor may require a patient, as a condition of receiving health care services, to sign an authorization, release, consent, or waiver that would permit the disclosure of medical information that otherwise may not be disclosed under Section 56.10 or any other provision of law. However, a health care service plan or disability insurer may require relevant enrollee or subscriber medical information as a condition of the medical underwriting process, provided that Sections 1374.7 and 1389.1 of the Health and Safety Code are strictly observed.
(b) Any waiver by a patient of the provisions of this part, except as authorized by Section 56.11 or 56.21 or subdivision (b) of Section 56.26, shall be deemed contrary to public policy and shall be unenforceable.
(Amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 526, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 2000.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 1 - PERSONS › PART 2.7 - Medical Claims Data Error Correction › Section 57.

57. (a) A qualified entity, as defined in Section 1395kk(e)(2) of Title 42 of the United States Code, that receives claims data from a health care service plan or health insurer shall comply with the requirements governing provider and supplier requests for error correction established under Section 401.717 of Title 42 of the Code of Federal Regulations for all claims data received, including data from sources other than Medicare.
(b) For purposes of this section, the following definitions apply:
(1) “Provider” means a hospital, a skilled nursing facility, a comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation facility, a home health agency, a hospice, a clinic, or a rehabilitation agency.
(2) “Supplier” means a physician and surgeon or other health care practitioner, or an entity that furnishes health care services other than a provider.
(Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 869, Sec. 1. (SB 1196) Effective January 1, 2013.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 1 - PERSONS › PART 2.9 - CALIFORNIA FAIR DEALERSHIP LAW › Section 81.

81. As used in this part:
(a) “Person” means a natural person, partnership, joint venture, corporation, limited liability company, or other entity.
(b) “Dealership” means a contract or agreement, either express or implied, whether oral or written, between two or more persons, by which a person is granted the right to sell or distribute goods or services, or to use a trade name, trademark, service mark, logotype, or advertising or other commercial symbol, in which there is a community of interest in the business of offering, selling, or distributing goods or services at wholesale, or at retail, by lease, agreement, or otherwise.
(c) “Grantor” means a person who sells, leases, or otherwise transfers a dealership.
(d) “Community of interest” means a continuing financial interest between the grantor and grantee in either the operation of the dealership or the marketing of goods or services.
(e) “Dealer” means a person who is a grantee of a dealership situated in this state.
(f) “Grant” means a sale, lease, or transfer of any kind.
(Amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1010, Sec. 29. Effective January 1, 1995.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 1 - PERSONS › PART 2.9 - CALIFORNIA FAIR DEALERSHIP LAW › Section 82.

82. This part shall be liberally construed and applied to promote its underlying purposes and policies, which are as follows:
(a) The prohibition of discrimination based upon any characteristic listed or defined in subdivision (b) or (e) of Section 51 in the granting, sale, transfer, bequest, termination, and nonrenewal of dealerships.
(b) The requirements of this part shall not be varied by contract or agreement and any portion of a contract or agreement purporting to do so is void and unenforceable.
(Amended by Stats. 2007, Ch. 568, Sec. 10. Effective January 1, 2008.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 1 - PERSONS › PART 2.9 - CALIFORNIA FAIR DEALERSHIP LAW › Section 83.

83. On or after January 1, 1981, no grantor, directly or indirectly, shall refuse to grant a dealership to any person because of any characteristic listed or defined in subdivision (b) or (e) of Section 51.
(Amended by Stats. 2007, Ch. 568, Sec. 11. Effective January 1, 2008.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 1 - PERSONS › PART 2.9 - CALIFORNIA FAIR DEALERSHIP LAW › Section 84.

84. On or after January 1, 1981, no grantor, directly or indirectly, may terminate, cancel, or refuse to renew a dealership agreement with a dealer because of any characteristic listed or defined in subdivision (b) or (e) of Section 51.
(Amended by Stats. 2007, Ch. 568, Sec. 12. Effective January 1, 2008.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 1 - PERSONS › PART 2.9 - CALIFORNIA FAIR DEALERSHIP LAW › Section 85.

85. On or after January 1, 1981, no grantor or dealer, directly or indirectly, shall refuse to make or to consent to an assignment, sale, transfer, or bequest of a dealership to any person, or to the intestate succession to the dealership by any person, because of any characteristic listed or defined in subdivision (b) or (e) of Section 51. This section shall not be construed to create any right in a dealer to assign, sell, transfer, or bequeath a dealership where the right did not exist prior to January 1, 1981.
(Amended by Stats. 2007, Ch. 568, Sec. 13. Effective January 1, 2008.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 1 - NATURE OF PROPERTY › Section 654.

654. The ownership of a thing is the right of one or more persons to possess and use it to the exclusion of others. In this Code, the thing of which there may be ownership is called property.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 1 - NATURE OF PROPERTY › Section 655.

655. There may be ownership of all inanimate things which are capable of appropriation or of manual delivery; of all domestic animals; of all obligations; of such products of labor or skill as the composition of an author, the good will of a business, trade marks and signs, and of rights created or granted by statute.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 1 - NATURE OF PROPERTY › Section 656.

656. Animals wild by nature are the subjects of ownership, while living, only when on the land of the person claiming them, or when tamed, or taken and held in possession, or disabled and immediately pursued.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 1 - NATURE OF PROPERTY › Section 658.

658. Real or immovable property consists of:
l. Land;
2. That which is affixed to land;
3. That which is incidental or appurtenant to land;
4. That which is immovable by law; except that for the purposes of sale, emblements, industrial growing crops and things attached to or forming part of the land, which are agreed to be severed before sale or under the contract of sale, shall be treated as goods and be governed by the provisions of the title of this code regulating the sales of goods.
(Amended by Stats. 1931, Ch. 1070.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 1 - NATURE OF PROPERTY › Section 659.

659. Land is the material of the earth, whatever may be the ingredients of which it is composed, whether soil, rock, or other substance, and includes free or occupied space for an indefinite distance upwards as well as downwards, subject to limitations upon the use of airspace imposed, and rights in the use of airspace granted, by law.
(Amended by Stats. 1963, Ch. 860.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 1 - NATURE OF PROPERTY › Section 660.

660. A thing is deemed to be affixed to land when it is attached to it by roots, as in the case of trees, vines, or shrubs; or imbedded in it, as in the case of walls; or permanently resting upon it, as in the case of buildings; or permanently attached to what is thus permanent, as by means of cement, plaster, nails, bolts, or screws; except that for the purposes of sale, emblements, industrial growing crops and things attached to or forming part of the land, which are agreed to be severed before sale or under the contract of sale, shall be treated as goods and be governed by the provisions of the title of this code regulating the sales of goods.
(Amended by Stats. 1931, Ch. 1070.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 1 - NATURE OF PROPERTY › Section 662.

662. A thing is deemed to be incidental or appurtenant to land when it is by right used with the land for its benefit, as in the case of a way, or watercourse, or of a passage for light, air, or heat from or across the land of another.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 1 - Owners › Section 669.

669. All property has an owner, whether that owner is the State, and the property public, or the owner an individual, and the property private. The State may also hold property as a private proprietor.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 1 - Owners › Section [670.].

[670.]  Section Six Hundred and Seventy. The State is the owner of all land below tide water, and below ordinary high-water mark, bordering upon tide water within the State; of all land below the water of a navigable lake or stream; of all property lawfully appropriated by it to its own use; of all property dedicated to the State; and of all property of which there is no other owner.
(Amended by Code Amendments 1873-74, Ch. 612.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 1 - Owners › Section [671.].

[671.] Any person, regardless of their citizenship status, may take, hold, and dispose of property, real or personal, within this state.
(Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 296, Sec. 12. (AB 1096) Effective January 1, 2022.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 1 - Interests in Property › Section 678.

678. The ownership of property is either:
1. Absolute; or,
2. Qualified.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 1 - Interests in Property › Section 679.

679. The ownership of property is absolute when a single person has the absolute dominion over it, and may use it or dispose of it according to his pleasure, subject only to general laws.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 1 - Interests in Property › Section 680.

680. The ownership of property is qualified:
1. When it is shared with one or more persons;
2. When the time of enjoyment is deferred or limited;
3. When the use is restricted.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 1 - Interests in Property › Section 682.

682. The ownership of property by several persons is either:
(a) Of joint interest.
(b) Of partnership interests.
(c) Of interests in common.
(d) Of community interest of spouses.
(Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 50, Sec. 7. (SB 1005) Effective January 1, 2017.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 1 - Interests in Property › Section 682.1.

682.1. (a) (1) Community property of spouses, when expressly declared in the transfer document to be community property with right of survivorship, and which may be accepted in writing on the face of the document by a statement signed or initialed by the grantees, shall, upon the death of one of the spouses, pass to the survivor, without administration, pursuant to the terms of the instrument, subject to the same procedures, as property held in joint tenancy. Prior to the death of either spouse, the right of survivorship may be terminated pursuant to the same procedures by which a joint tenancy may be severed.
(2) Part 1 (commencing with Section 5000) of Division 5 of the Probate Code and Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 13540), Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 13550), and Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 13560) of Part 2 of Division 8 of the Probate Code apply to this property.
(3) For the purposes of Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 13550) of Part 2 of Division 8 of the Probate Code, this property shall be treated as if it had passed without administration under Part 2 (commencing with Section 13500) of Division 8 of the Probate Code.
(b) This section does not apply to a joint account in a financial institution to which Part 2 (commencing with Section 5100) of Division 5 of the Probate Code applies.
(c) This section shall become operative on July 1, 2001, and shall apply to instruments created on or after that date.
(Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 29, Sec. 1. (AB 1716) Effective January 1, 2023.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 1 - Interests in Property › Section 683.

683. (a) A joint interest is one owned by two or more persons in equal shares, by a title created by a single will or transfer, when expressly declared in the will or transfer to be a joint tenancy, or by transfer from a sole owner to himself or herself and others, or from tenants in common or joint tenants to themselves or some of them, or to themselves or any of them and others, or from spouses, when holding title as community property or otherwise to themselves or to themselves and others or to one of them and to another or others, when expressly declared in the transfer to be a joint tenancy, or when granted or devised to executors or trustees as joint tenants. A joint tenancy in personal property may be created by a written transfer, instrument, or agreement.
(b) Provisions of this section do not apply to a joint account in a financial institution if Part 2 (commencing with Section 5100) of Division 5 of the Probate Code applies to such account.
(Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 50, Sec. 9. (SB 1005) Effective January 1, 2017.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 1 - Interests in Property › Section 683.1.

683.1. No contract or other arrangement made after the effective date of this section between any person, firm, or corporation engaged in the business of renting safe-deposit boxes and the renter or renters of a safe-deposit box, shall create a joint tenancy in or otherwise establish ownership in any of the contents of such safe-deposit box. Any such contract or other arrangement purporting so to do shall be to such extent void and of no effect.
(Added by Stats. 1949, Ch. 1597.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 1 - Interests in Property › Section 683.2.

683.2. (a) Subject to the limitations and requirements of this section, in addition to any other means by which a joint tenancy may be severed, a joint tenant may sever a joint tenancy in real property as to the joint tenant’s interest without the joinder or consent of the other joint tenants by any of the following means:
(1) Execution and delivery of a deed that conveys legal title to the joint tenant’s interest to a third person, whether or not pursuant to an agreement that requires the third person to reconvey legal title to the joint tenant.
(2) Execution of a written instrument that evidences the intent to sever the joint tenancy, including a deed that names the joint tenant as transferee, or of a written declaration that, as to the interest of the joint tenant, the joint tenancy is severed.
(b) Nothing in this section authorizes severance of a joint tenancy contrary to a written agreement of the joint tenants, but a severance contrary to a written agreement does not defeat the rights of a purchaser or encumbrancer for value in good faith and without knowledge of the written agreement.
(c) Severance of a joint tenancy of record by deed, written declaration, or other written instrument pursuant to subdivision (a) is not effective to terminate the right of survivorship of the other joint tenants as to the severing joint tenant’s interest unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:
(1) Before the death of the severing joint tenant, the deed, written declaration, or other written instrument effecting the severance is recorded in the county where the real property is located.
(2) The deed, written declaration, or other written instrument effecting the severance is executed and acknowledged before a notary public by the severing joint tenant not earlier than three days before the death of that joint tenant and is recorded in the county where the real property is located not later than seven days after the death of the severing joint tenant.
(d) Nothing in subdivision (c) limits the manner or effect of:
(1) A written instrument executed by all the joint tenants that severs the joint tenancy.
(2) A severance made by or pursuant to a written agreement of all the joint tenants.
(3) A deed from a joint tenant to another joint tenant.
(e) Subdivisions (a) and (b) apply to all joint tenancies in real property, whether the joint tenancy was created before, on, or after January 1, 1985, except that in the case of the death of a joint tenant before January 1, 1985, the validity of a severance under subdivisions (a) and (b) is determined by the law in effect at the time of death. Subdivisions (c) and (d) do not apply to or affect a severance made before January 1, 1986, of a joint tenancy.
(Amended by Stats. 1985, Ch. 157, Sec. 1.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 1 - Interests in Property › Section 686.

686. Every interest created in favor of several persons in their own right is an interest in common, unless acquired by them in partnership, for partnership purposes, or unless declared in its creation to be a joint interest, as provided in Section 683, or unless acquired as community property.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 1 - Interests in Property › Section 687.

687. Community property is property that is community property under Part 2 (commencing with Section 760) of Division 4 of the Family Code.
(Amended by Stats. 1992, Ch. 163, Sec. 6. Effective January 1, 1993. Operative January 1, 1994, by Sec. 161 of Ch. 163.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 1 - Interests in Property › Section 688.

688. In respect to the time of enjoyment, an interest in property is either:
1. Present or future; and,
2. Perpetual or limited.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 1 - Interests in Property › Section 690.

690. A future interest entitles the owner to the possession of the property only at a future period.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 1 - Interests in Property › Section 696.

696. Two or more future interests may be created to take effect in the alternative, so that if the first in order fails to vest, the next in succession shall be substituted for it, and take effect accordingly.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 1 - Interests in Property › Section 697.

697. A future interest is not void merely because of the improbability of the contingency on which it is limited to take effect.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 1 - Interests in Property › Section 698.

698. When a future interest is limited to successors, heirs, issue, or children, posthumous children are entitled to take in the same manner as if living at the death of their parent.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 1 - Interests in Property › Section 700.

700. A mere possibility, such as the expectancy of an heir apparent, is not to be deemed an interest of any kind.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 1 - Interests in Property › Section 701.

701. In respect to real or immovable property, the interests mentioned in this Chapter are denominated estates, and are specially named and classified in Part II of this Division.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 1 - Interests in Property › Section 702.

702. The names and classification of interests in real property have only such application to interests in personal property as is in this Division of the Code expressly provided.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 1 - Interests in Property › Section 703.

703. No future interest in property is recognized by the law, except such as is defined in this Division of the Code.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 2 - Conditions of Ownership › Section 707.

707. The time when the enjoyment of property is to begin or end may be determined by computation, or be made to depend on events. In the latter case, the enjoyment is said to be upon condition.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 2 - Conditions of Ownership › Section 708.

708. Conditions are precedent or subsequent. The former fix the beginning, the latter the ending, of the right.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 2 - Conditions of Ownership › Section 709.

709. If a condition precedent requires the performance of an act wrong of itself, the instrument containing it is so far void, and the right cannot exist. If it requires the performance of an act not wrong of itself, but otherwise unlawful, the instrument takes effect and the condition is void.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 2 - Conditions of Ownership › Section [710.].

[710.]  Section Seven Hundred and Ten. Conditions imposing restraints upon marriage, except upon the marriage of a minor, are void; but this does not affect limitations where the intent was not to forbid marriage, but only to give the use until marriage.
(Amended by Code Amendments 1873-74, Ch. 612.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 2 - Conditions of Ownership › Section 711.

711. Conditions restraining alienation, when repugnant to the interest created, are void.
(Enacted 1872.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 2 - Conditions of Ownership › Section 711.5.

711.5. (a) Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 711 and 1916.5, a state or local public entity directly or indirectly providing housing purchase or rehabilitation loans shall have the authority to deny assumptions, or require the denial of assumptions, by a subsequent ineligible purchaser or transferee of the prior borrower of the obligation of any such loan made for the purpose of rehabilitating or providing affordable housing. If such a subsequent purchaser or transferee does not meet such an entity’s eligibility requirements, that entity may accelerate or may require the acceleration of the principal balance of the loan to be all due and payable upon the sale or transfer of the property.
(b) As a condition of authorizing assumption of a loan pursuant to this section, the entity may recast the repayment schedule for the remainder of the term of the loan by increasing the interest to the current market rate at the time of assumption, or to such lower rate of interest as is the maximum allowed by an entity that provided any insurance or other assistance which results in an assumption being permitted. Any additional increment of interest produced by increasing the rate of interest upon a loan pursuant to this subdivision shall be transmitted or forwarded to the entity for deposit in the specified fund from which the loan was made, or, if no such fund exists, or the public entity has directed otherwise, then to the general fund of such entity.
(c) The state or local public entity providing assistance as specified in this section may implement appropriate measures to assure compliance with this section.
(Added by Stats. 1979, Ch. 971.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 2 - Conditions of Ownership › Section 712.

712. (a) Every provision contained in or otherwise affecting a grant of a fee interest in, or purchase money security instrument upon, real property in this state heretofore or hereafter made, which purports to prohibit or restrict the right of the property owner or his or her agent to display or have displayed on the real property, or on real property owned by others with their consent, or both, signs which are reasonably located, in plain view of the public, are of reasonable dimensions and design, and do not adversely affect public safety, including traffic safety, and which advertise the property for sale, lease, or exchange, or advertise directions to the property, by the property owner or his or her agent is void as an unreasonable restraint upon the power of alienation.
(b) This section shall operate retrospectively, as well as prospectively, to the full extent that it may constitutionally operate retrospectively.
(c) A sign that conforms to the ordinance adopted in conformity with Section 713 shall be deemed to be of reasonable dimension and design pursuant to this section.
(Amended by Stats. 1993, Ch. 589, Sec. 20. Effective January 1, 1994.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 2 - Conditions of Ownership › Section 713.

713. (a) Notwithstanding any provision of any ordinance, an owner of real property or his or her agent may display or have displayed on the owner’s real property, and on real property owned by others with their consent, signs which are reasonably located, in plain view of the public, are of reasonable dimensions and design, and do not adversely affect public safety, including traffic safety, as determined by the city, county, or city and county, advertising the following:
(1) That the property is for sale, lease, or exchange by the owner or his or her agent.
(2) Directions to the property.
(3) The owner’s or agent’s name.
(4) The owner’s or agent’s address and telephone number.
(b) Nothing in this section limits any authority which a person or local governmental entity may have to limit or regulate the display or placement of a sign on a private or public right-of-way.
(Amended by Stats. 1992, Ch. 773, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 1993.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 2 - Conditions of Ownership › Section 714.1.

714.1. (a) Notwithstanding Section 714, an association may impose reasonable provisions that:
(1) Restrict the installation of solar energy systems in common areas to those systems approved by the association.
(2) Require the owner of a separate interest to obtain the approval of the association for the installation of a solar energy system in a separate interest owned by another.
(3) Provide for the maintenance, repair, or replacement of roofs or other building components.
(4) Require installers of solar energy systems to indemnify or reimburse the association or its members for loss or damage caused by the installation, maintenance, or use of the solar energy system.
(b) An association shall not:
(1) Establish a general policy prohibiting the installation or use of a rooftop solar energy system for household purposes on the roof of the building in which the owner resides, or a garage or carport adjacent to the building that has been assigned to the owner for exclusive use.
(2) Require approval by a vote of members owning separate interests in the common interest development, including that specified by Section 4600, for installation of a solar energy system for household purposes on the roof of the building in which the owner resides, or a garage or carport adjacent to the building that has been assigned to the owner for exclusive use.
An action by an association that contravenes paragraph (1) or (2) shall be void and unenforceable.
(c) For purposes of this section:
(1) “Association” has the same meaning as defined in Section 4080 or 6528.
(2) “Common area” has the same meaning as defined in Section 4095 or 6532.
(3) “Separate interest” has the same meaning as defined in Section 4185 or 6564.
(Amended by Stats. 2017, Ch. 818, Sec. 1. (AB 634) Effective January 1, 2018.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 2 - Conditions of Ownership › Section 714.3.

714.3. (a) Any covenant, restriction, or condition contained in any deed, contract, security instrument, or other instrument affecting the transfer or sale of any interest in real property that either effectively prohibits or unreasonably restricts the construction or use of an accessory dwelling unit or junior accessory dwelling unit on a lot zoned for single-family residential use that meets the requirements of Section 65852.2 or 65852.22 of the Government Code is void and unenforceable.
(b) This section does not apply to provisions that impose reasonable restrictions on accessory dwelling units or junior accessory dwelling units. For purposes of this subdivision, “reasonable restrictions” means restrictions that do not unreasonably increase the cost to construct, effectively prohibit the construction of, or extinguish the ability to otherwise construct, an accessory dwelling unit or junior accessory dwelling unit consistent with the provisions of Section 65852.2 or 65852.22 of the Government Code.
(Added by Stats. 2021, Ch. 360, Sec. 1. (AB 1584) Effective January 1, 2022.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 2 - Conditions of Ownership › Section 714.5.

714.5. The covenants, conditions, and restrictions or other management documents shall not prohibit the sale, lease, rent, or use of real property on the basis that the structure intended for occupancy on the real property is constructed in an offsite facility or factory, and subsequently moved or transported in sections or modules to the real property. Nothing herein shall preclude the governing instruments from being uniformly applied to all structures subject to the covenants, conditions, and restrictions or other management documents.
This section shall apply to covenants, conditions, and restrictions or other management documents adopted on and after the effective date of this section.
(Added by Stats. 1987, Ch. 1339, Sec. 1.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 2 - Conditions of Ownership › Section 714.7.

714.7. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a developer shall not sell a unit constructed pursuant to a local inclusionary zoning ordinance that is intended for owner-occupancy by persons or families of extremely low, very low, low, or moderate income to a purchaser that is not a person or family of extremely low, very low, low, or moderate income, except that if such a unit has not been purchased by an income-qualifying person or family within 180 days of the issuance of the certificate of occupancy a developer may sell the unit to a qualified nonprofit housing corporation that will ensure owner occupancy pursuant to the income limitation recorded on the deed or other instrument defining the terms of conveyance eligibility.
(b) Every unit sold in a manner inconsistent with subdivision (a) shall constitute a violation of this section.
(c) A person who violates this section is subject to a civil penalty of not more than fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000) for each violation, which shall be assessed and recovered in a civil action brought in the name of the people of the State of California by the county counsel or city attorney for the jurisdiction in which the violation occurred in a court of competent jurisdiction. This subdivision shall be the exclusive enforcement mechanism used against violators of this section.
(d) For purposes of this section, a qualified nonprofit housing corporation means a nonprofit corporation that meets all of the following requirements:
(1) The nonprofit corporation has a determination letter from the Internal Revenue Service affirming its tax-exempt status pursuant to Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code and is not a private foundation as that term is defined in Section 509 of the Internal Revenue Code.
(2) The nonprofit corporation is based in California.
(3) All of the board members of the nonprofit corporation have their primary residence in California.
(4) The primary activity of the nonprofit corporation is the development and preservation of affordable home ownership housing in California.
(Added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 738, Sec. 1. (AB 323) Effective January 1, 2024.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 3 - Duration of Leases › Section 715.

715. A lease to commence at a time certain or upon the happening of a future event becomes invalid if its term does not actually commence in possession within 30 years after its execution.
(Repealed and added by Stats. 1991, Ch. 156, Sec. 3.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 3 - Duration of Leases › Section 717.

717. No lease or grant of land for agricultural or horticultural purposes for a longer period than 51 years, in which shall be reserved any rent or service of any kind, shall be valid.
(Amended by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1906.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 3 - Duration of Leases › Section 718.

718. No lease or grant of any town or city lot, which reserves any rent or service of any kind, and which provides for a leasing or granting period in excess of 99 years, shall be valid. The property owned by, or that held by, or under the management and control of, any municipality, or any department or board thereof, may be leased for a period not to exceed 55 years. The property of any municipality not acquired for park purposes may, for the purpose of producing, or effecting the production of minerals, oil, gas or other hydrocarbon substances, be leased for a period not to exceed 35 years. Any tidelands or submerged lands, granted to any city by the State of California, may be leased for a period not to exceed 66 years unless the grant from the state of the use thereof provides specifically the term for which said lands may be leased. Tidelands and submerged lands owned or controlled by any city, together with the wharves, docks, piers and other structures or improvements thereon, and so much of the uplands abutting thereon as, in the judgment of the city council, or other governing body, of said city, may be necessary for the proper development and use of its waterfront and harbor facilities, may be leased for a period not to exceed 66 years. Said tidelands, submerged lands and uplands may be so leased only for industrial uses, the improvement and development of any harbor, or harbors, of said city, the construction and maintenance of wharves, docks, piers or bulkhead piers, or any other public use or purpose consistent with the requirements of commerce or navigation at, or in, any such harbor or harbors.
(Amended by Stats. 1967, Ch. 228.)
2023 California Code › Civil Code - CIV › DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY › PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL › TITLE 2 - OWNERSHIP › CHAPTER 2 - Modifications of Ownership › ARTICLE 3 - Duration of Leases › Section 718f.

718f. A lease of land for the purpose of effecting the production of minerals, oil, gas, or other hydrocarbon substances from other lands may be made for a period certain or determinable by any future event prescribed by the parties but no such lease shall be enforceable after 99 years from the commencement of the term thereof.
(Added by Stats. 1953, Ch. 1344.)