reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-17 - Loitering About Polling Place; Standing in Line of Voters After Having Voted.

Section 17-17-17
Loitering about polling place; standing in line of voters after having voted.
Any person who loiters in, around, or about a polling place on election day for the purpose of discouraging qualified electors from entering the voting place, or from voting, or whoever having voted enters or stands in a line or file of voters waiting to vote, shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class C misdemeanor.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-18 - Disclosing Votes by Inspectors, Clerks, Etc.

Section 17-17-18
Disclosing votes by inspectors, clerks, etc.
Any inspector, clerk, or other person who discloses how any elector voted shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class A misdemeanor.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-19 - Deceiving Elector in Preparation of Ballot.

Section 17-17-19
Deceiving elector in preparation of ballot.
Any inspector, helper, or assistant who willfully deceives any elector in preparing his or her ballot shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class C felony.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-20 - Inspector Refusing to Advise Elector Regarding Assistants, or to Allow Selection Thereof.

Section 17-17-20
Inspector refusing to advise elector regarding assistants, or to allow selection thereof.
Any inspector who willfully fails or refuses to advise any elector, entitled thereto, that he or she is entitled to an assistant, or refuses to let the elector select an assistant as required by law, shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class A misdemeanor.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-21 - Disclosing or Removing Ballot; Interfering With or Influencing Elector; Remaining in Booth, Etc.

Section 17-17-21
Disclosing or removing ballot; interfering with or influencing elector; remaining in booth, etc.
Any elector who takes or removes, or attempts to take or remove, any ballot from the polling place before the close of the polls; or any person who interferes with any elector when inside the polling place or when marking the ballot, or unduly influences, or attempts to unduly influence, any elector in the preparation of his or her ballot; or any elector who remains longer than the time allowed by law in the booth or compartment after being notified his or her time has expired, shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a violation.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-22 - Official Refusing Watcher to Exercise Rights.

Section 17-17-22
Official refusing watcher to exercise rights.
An official who refuses to allow any poll watcher to exercise his or her rights as a watcher, shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class C misdemeanor.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-23 - Tampering With, Injuring, etc., Machines; Misuse; Unauthorized Possession of Keys.

Section 17-17-23
Tampering with, injuring, etc., machines; misuse; unauthorized possession of keys.
Any election officer or other person, who shall tamper with, injure, or attempt to injure any electronic voting machine to be used or being used in an election, or who shall willfully misuse any such machine, or who shall prevent or attempt to prevent the correct operation of such machine, or any unauthorized person who shall make or have in his or her possession a key to a voting machine to be used or being used in an election, shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class A misdemeanor.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-24 - Changing Ballots, Unlawful Use of Absentee Ballots, etc.; Investigative Assistance; Encouraging Voter Participation.

Section 17-17-24
Changing ballots, unlawful use of absentee ballots, etc.; investigative assistance; encouraging voter participation.
(a) Any person who willfully changes an absentee voter's ballot to the extent that it does not reflect the voter's true ballot, any person who willfully votes more than once by absentee ballot in the same election, any person who willfully votes for another voter or falsifies absentee ballot applications or verification documents so as to vote absentee, or any person who solicits, encourages, urges, or otherwise promotes illegal absentee voting, shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class C felony. Any person who willfully aids any person unlawfully to vote an absentee ballot, any person who knowingly and unlawfully votes an absentee ballot, and any voter who votes both an absentee and a regular ballot at any election shall be similarly punished.
(b) Upon request by the local district attorney or the Secretary of State, the Attorney General shall provide investigating assistance in instances of absentee ballot or voting violations.
(c) Nothing in this section shall be construed to impede or inhibit organized legal efforts to encourage voter participation in the election process or to discourage a candidate from encouraging electors to lawfully vote by absentee ballot.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-25 - Failure to Perform Duties as to Absentee Voting.

Section 17-17-25
Failure to perform duties as to absentee voting.
Any person who shall willfully fail or refuse to perform or discharge any duty required by Chapter 11 shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a violation.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-26 - Preparation of Absentee Ballot of Person in Comatose or Other Noncommunicative State.

Section 17-17-26
Preparation of absentee ballot of person in comatose or other noncommunicative state.
Any person who knowingly and willfully prepares or assists in preparing the absentee ballot of a person who is comatose or who otherwise cannot communicate his or her voting preferences for an absentee ballot shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class C felony.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-27 - Failure to Count Legal Vote.

Section 17-17-27
Failure to count legal vote.
Except as to provisional absentee ballots that have not been verified by seven days after the election, any election official who fails to count a legal vote cast by absentee ballot shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class C felony.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-28 - Failure to Require Proper Identification; Voting at Multiple or Unauthorized Locations; Liability of Officials.

Section 17-17-28
Failure to require proper identification; voting at multiple or unauthorized locations; liability of officials.
Any polling official who knowingly fails to require proper identification to verify the name of the prospective voter on the list of qualified voters at the polling place in violation of this section, or who knowingly allows a person to vote who he or she knows is not the person he or she claims to be shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class A misdemeanor for each violation.
Any person who knowingly presents false identification in order to vote at a polling place where he or she otherwise would not be qualified to vote, or who knowingly votes at a polling place where he or she has not been authorized to vote, or who knowingly votes at more than one polling place in the same election on the same day shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class C felony.
Any election or polling official acting in the good faith exercise of his or her duties pursuant to this section, and any county officer, agent, or employee of a county acting in the good faith exercise of his or her duties shall not be civilly or criminally liable as a result of acts or omissions in carrying out the duties required by this section. The immunity from liability granted under this section shall be cumulative and is in addition to the line and scope of employment immunity, discretionary function immunity, and any other immunity from liability to which an individual may be entitled.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-29 - Violation of Requirements for Disposition of Election Records.

Section 17-17-29
Violation of requirements for disposition of election records.
Any person violating any provision of Section 17-12-12 shall be deemed guilty, upon conviction, of a Class C misdemeanor.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-30 - Failure to Provide Notice in Contested Election.

Section 17-17-30
Failure to provide notice in contested election.
Any sheriff or constable who fails to give the notices necessary to be served in cases of contested elections, within the time and in the mode prescribed, if practicable for him or her to do so, shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a violation.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-31 - Failure to Provide Notice Under Section 17-15-5.

Section 17-17-31
Failure to provide notice under Section 17-15-5.
Any judge of probate who fails to give notice of a special election ordered by the Governor, as required by Section 17-15-5, is guilty, upon conviction, of a Class C misdemeanor.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-32 - Failure to Provide Notice Under Section 17-15-6.

Section 17-17-32
Failure to provide notice under Section 17-15-6.
Any judge of probate who fails to notify the sheriff and clerk of the circuit court that any special election is ordered by the Governor, as required by Section 17-15-6, shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a violation.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-33 - Obstruction, Intimidation, etc., of Voting Rights of Others.

Section 17-17-33
Obstruction, intimidation, etc., of voting rights of others.
It shall be unlawful for any person to obstruct, intimidate, threaten, or coerce any other person for the purpose of interfering with the right of such other person to vote or to vote as he or she may choose, or for the purpose of causing such other person to vote for, or not to vote for, any candidate for state or local office or any other proposition at any election. Any person who violates this section shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class A misdemeanor.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-34 - Paying, etc., or Accepting Payment for Vote.

Section 17-17-34
Paying, etc., or accepting payment for vote.
It shall be unlawful for any person to pay or offer to pay, or for any person to accept such payment, either to vote or withhold his or her vote, or to vote for or against any candidate. Any person who violates this section shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class C misdemeanor.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-35 - Violations of Fair Campaign Practices Act.

Section 17-17-35
Violations of Fair Campaign Practices Act.
Repealed by Act 2013-311, §3, effective August 1, 2013.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-36 - Unlawful or Fraudulent Voting.

Section 17-17-36
Unlawful or fraudulent voting.
(a) It shall be unlawful for an individual to vote in this state more than once at any election held in this state, or to vote in both this state and another state or territory in the same or equivalent election, or to attempt to vote when he or she has knowledge that he or she is not entitled to vote, or to commit any kind of unlawful or fraudulent voting.
(b)(1) Except as provided in subdivision (2), a violation of this section is a Class A misdemeanor.
(2) A second or subsequent violation of this section is a Class C felony.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88; Act 2021-448, §1.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-37 - Illegal Voting at Municipal Elections.

Section 17-17-37
Illegal voting at municipal elections.
Any person who falsely impersonates another and thereby or otherwise fraudulently casts a vote to which he or she is not entitled, or having voted at a municipal election votes a second time at the same election, whether in the same precinct or another, or having once obtained registration in any precinct, shall register a second time, or attempt to obtain a second registration, whether in the same or another name, or whether in the same or another ward, or shall aid or assist another not so entitled, knowing him or her not to be so entitled, to vote or to obtain registration as a voter, shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class C felony.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-38 - Bribing or Attempting to Influence Voter.

Section 17-17-38
Bribing or attempting to influence voter.
Any person who, by bribery or offering to bribe, or by any other corrupt means, attempts to influence any elector in giving his or her vote, deter the elector from giving the same, or disturb or hinder the elector in the free exercise of the right of suffrage, at any election, shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class C misdemeanor.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-39 - Buying Votes.

Section 17-17-39
Buying votes.
Any person who buys or offers to buy any vote of any qualified elector at any election by the payment of money or the promise to pay the same at any future time, or by the gift of intoxicating liquors or other thing of value, shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class C misdemeanor.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-40 - Selling Votes.

Section 17-17-40
Selling votes.
Any qualified elector at any election who takes or receives any money or other valuable thing, upon the condition that the same shall be paid at any future time, in exchange for the vote of such elector for any particular candidate, or the promise to vote for any particular candidate, shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class C misdemeanor. No witness shall be prosecuted for any offense under this section as to which he or she testified before the grand jury.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-41 - Candidate Barred by Bribery.

Section 17-17-41
Candidate barred by bribery.
Any candidate for office in any election, upon conviction of bribing or attempting to influence a voter under Section 17-17-38, shall, in addition to the fine, be declared ineligible for the office to which elected for that term.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-42 - Altering or Changing Vote of Elector.

Section 17-17-42
Altering or changing vote of elector.
Any person who fraudulently alters or changes the vote of any elector, by which such elector is prevented from voting as intended, shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class B misdemeanor.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-43 - Disturbing Elector on Election Day.

Section 17-17-43
Disturbing elector on election day.
Any person who, on election day, disturbs or prevents, or attempts to prevent, any elector from freely casting a ballot shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class A misdemeanor.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-44 - Intimidation of Employee by Employer.

Section 17-17-44
Intimidation of employee by employer.
Any employer who attempts by coercion, intimidation, threats to discharge, or to lessen the remuneration of an employee, to influence his or her vote in any election, or who requires or demands an examination or inspection by the employer or another of an employee's ballot, shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class B misdemeanor.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-45 - Coercion of Employee by Officer, Agent, etc., of Corporation.

Section 17-17-45
Coercion of employee by officer, agent, etc., of corporation.
Any officer or agent of a corporation, or other person with authority to discharge employees, who shall attempt by coercion, intimidation, threats to discharge, or to lessen the remuneration of any employee, to influence his or her vote in any election, or who requires or demands an examination or inspection by himself or herself or another of any employee's ballot, shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class B misdemeanor.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-46 - Providing False Information to Register to Vote.

Section 17-17-46
Providing false information to register to vote.
Any person who knowingly provides false information in order to vote or register to vote in violation of Act 2003-313 shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class A misdemeanor.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-47 - Assessment of Unauthorized Fees Against Candidate.

Section 17-17-47
Assessment of unauthorized fees against candidate.
Any person who, as a condition for standing for nomination to any office in a primary election, shall assess or cause to be assessed a fee by any committee or other governing body of any political party in this state in excess of that allowed by law shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a violation.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-48 - Unauthorized Assistance to Voter in Preparation of Ballot.

Section 17-17-48
Unauthorized assistance to voter in preparation of ballot.
Any person who assists a voter in preparing his or her ballot to be voted at a primary election, except as authorized under Chapter 13, shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class C misdemeanor.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-49 - Failure of Returning Office to Return Ballots and Election Supplies.

Section 17-17-49
Failure of returning office to return ballots and election supplies.
Any precinct returning officer failing to perform the duties of returning ballots and election supplies to the returning officer of the county shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class C misdemeanor.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-50 - Holding, Participating In, etc., Illegal Meetings for Purpose of Nominating Candidates or Selecting Delegates to Convention.

Section 17-17-50
Holding, participating in, etc., illegal meetings for purpose of nominating candidates or selecting delegates to convention.
Any person or persons who shall hold, attend, or participate in the holding of any meeting for the purpose of nominating a candidate or candidates for public office, to be voted for at any general election in Alabama, or for the purpose of electing delegates or other representatives to any convention which may select such candidates for public office, at any time or place other than as provided for in Chapter 13, or who shall otherwise violate the laws of this state regulating mass meetings or beat meetings, shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class C misdemeanor.
This section shall not apply where a special election is called for the election of a public officer for which the party has no candidate or where, by death, resignation, or otherwise, a vacancy has occurred in any nomination made by such party. This shall not apply to municipal elections.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-51 - Intoxication at Polling Place.

Section 17-17-51
Intoxication at polling place.
Any person found drunk or intoxicated about any polling place during any primary election shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a violation.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-52 - False or Fraudulent Returns.

Section 17-17-52
False or fraudulent returns.
Any person who makes a false or fraudulent return of the result of any primary election, or who falsely or fraudulently changes the votes, ballots, figures, or results of any election shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class A misdemeanor.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-53 - Opening Poll List.

Section 17-17-53
Opening poll list.
Any person who opens any envelope containing the poll list of any voting place, except in case of a contest, shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class C misdemeanor.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-54 - Failure to Place Candidate's Name, etc., on Ballot.

Section 17-17-54
Failure to place candidate's name, etc., on ballot.
Any officer of the state or of any county or municipality whose duty it is by law to prepare and have printed ballots for any election authorized by law to be held, who shall intentionally fail to have printed on the ballots, as required by law or the rules and regulations of the political party holding the election, the names of all persons entitled to be printed thereon and all issues entitled to be printed thereon and entitled to be submitted to a vote, shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class A misdemeanor.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-55 - Unauthorized Marking of Ballot, Electioneering, or Divulging How Elector Voted.

Section 17-17-55
Unauthorized marking of ballot, electioneering, or divulging how elector voted.
Any person at a primary election who shall mark the ballot of a voter contrary to the voter's direction or request, or who shall electioneer or attempt to electioneer with a voter or attempt to influence his or her vote by suggestion or otherwise, or who shall afterwards divulge how such elector voted in any race on the ballot, shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class A misdemeanor.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 17 - Elections. › Chapter 17 - Election Offenses. › Section 17-17-56 - Penalty for Violation of Chapter 13.

Section 17-17-56
Penalty for violation of Chapter 13.
Any person who violates any provision of Chapter 13 for which a penalty is not otherwise provided shall be guilty, upon conviction, of a Class B misdemeanor.
(Act 2006-570, p. 1331, §88.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 1 - General Provisions and Definitions. › Section 18-1A-1 - Short Title.

Section 18-1A-1
Short title.
This chapter may be cited as the "Alabama Eminent Domain Code."
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §101.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 1 - General Provisions and Definitions. › Section 18-1A-2 - Scope of Chapter.

Section 18-1A-2
Scope of chapter.
(a) This chapter provides standards for the acquisition of property by condemnors, the conduct of condemnation actions, and the determination of just compensation. It does not confer the power of eminent domain, and does not prescribe or restrict the purposes for which or the persons by whom that power may be exercised.
(b) This chapter supplements the law of this state relating to the acquisition of property and to the exercise of the power of eminent domain. In the event of conflict between this chapter and any other law with respect to any subject governed by this chapter, this chapter prevails.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §102.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 1 - General Provisions and Definitions. › Section 18-1A-4 - Compromise or Settlement Between Parties.

Section 18-1A-4
Compromise or settlement between parties.
At any time before or after commencement of an action, the parties may agree to and carry out according to its terms a compromise or settlement as to any matter, including all or any part of the compensation or other relief.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §104.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 1 - General Provisions and Definitions. › Section 18-1A-5 - Compliance With Requirements for Federal Financial Assistance.

Section 18-1A-5
Compliance with requirements for federal financial assistance.
Notwithstanding any provision of this chapter, a condemnor may comply with any federal statute, regulation, or policy prescribing a condition precedent to the availability or payment of federal financial assistance for any program or project for which the condemnor is authorized to exercise the power of eminent domain.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §105.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition. › Section 18-1A-20 - Application of Article.

Section 18-1A-20
Application of article.
(a) In order to encourage and expedite the acquisition of property by agreement, to avoid litigation and relieve congestion in the courts, to assure consistent treatment of owners, and to promote public confidence in practices and procedures relating to the acquisition of property for public use, a condemnor, when acquiring property, shall comply with applicable provisions of Sections 18-1A-21 through 18-1A-30.
(b) Sections 18-1A-21 through 18-1A-30 apply to the purchase and acquisition of materials, supplies, equipment, or other personal property only if the condemnor determines to exercise its power of eminent domain with respect to that property or by reason of the exercise of such power substantially damages the same.
(c) Sections 18-1A-21 through 18-1A-30 shall not apply to the purchase of lands under Chapter 3 of this title.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §201.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition. › Section 18-1A-21 - Appraisal.

Section 18-1A-21
Appraisal.
Before commencing a condemnation action, the condemnor shall cause the property to be appraised to determine the amount that would constitute just compensation for its taking. The owner or his representative shall be given a reasonable opportunity to accompany the appraiser during the inspection of the property.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §202.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition. › Section 18-1A-23 - Payment or Deposit Before Surrender of Possession.

Section 18-1A-23
Payment or deposit before surrender of possession.
An owner shall not be required to surrender possession of property before the condemnor:
(1) Pays the agreed purchase price; or
(2) Pays, or deposits in accordance with this chapter, the amount awarded by the condemnation order.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §204.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition. › Section 18-1A-24 - Notice to Terminate Occupancy.

Section 18-1A-24
Notice to terminate occupancy.
Except in an emergency, a condemnor may not require a person lawfully occupying property to move from a dwelling, nor to move his business or farm operation, unless he has received written notice from the condemnor at least 90 days before the date by which the move is required.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §205.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition. › Section 18-1A-25 - Rental to Former Owner or Tenant After Property Acquired.

Section 18-1A-25
Rental to former owner or tenant after property acquired.
If a condemnor, after acquiring property, rents all or part of the property to the former owner or tenant for a short term or for a period subject to termination by the condemnor on short notice, the amount of rent charged may not exceed the fair rental value of this property.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §206.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition. › Section 18-1A-26 - Coercive Action Forbidden.

Section 18-1A-26
Coercive action forbidden.
In order to compel an agreement on the price to be paid for the property, a condemnor may not arbitrarily advance the time of condemnation, arbitrarily defer negotiations or condemnation, nor take any other action coercive in nature.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §207.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition. › Section 18-1A-27 - Offer to Acquire Uneconomic Remnant.

Section 18-1A-27
Offer to acquire uneconomic remnant.
(a) If the acquisition of only part of a property would leave its owner with an uneconomic remnant, the condemnor shall offer to acquire the remnant concurrently and may acquire it by purchase or by condemnation if the owner consents.
(b) "Uneconomic remnant" as used in this section means a remainder following a partial taking of property, of such size, shape, or condition as to be of little value or that gives rise to a substantial risk that the condemnor will be required to pay in compensation for the part taken an amount substantially equivalent to the amount that would be required to be paid if it and the remainder were taken as a whole.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §208.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition. › Section 18-1A-28 - Acquisition of Improvements to Be Removed or Adversely Affected.

Section 18-1A-28
Acquisition of improvements to be removed or adversely affected.
A condemnor that acquires any interest in real property shall also acquire at least an equal interest in all buildings, structures, or other improvements located upon the real property acquired, which the condemnor requires to be destroyed or removed or which will be adversely affected by the use to which the real property will be put.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §209.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition. › Section 18-1A-29 - Compensation for Tenant-Owned Improvements.

Section 18-1A-29
Compensation for tenant-owned improvements.
(a) If a building, structure, or other improvement to be acquired by a condemnor under Section 18-1A-28 is owned by a tenant:
(1) It shall be deemed for the purpose of determining compensation to be a part of the real property to be acquired notwithstanding the right or obligation of the tenant, as against the owner of any other interest in the real property, to remove it at the expiration of his term; and
(2) The compensation awarded shall include an amount sufficient to pay the tenant the larger of (i) the enhancement to the fair market value of the real property contributed by the improvement, or (ii) the fair market value of the improvement assuming its removal from the real property.
(b) Payment under this section shall not duplicate any payment authorized by law, and may be made only if the owner of the real property disclaims any interest in the improvement. In consideration for the payment, the tenant shall assign, transfer, and release to the condemnor all of his interest in the improvement.
(c) This section does not deprive the tenant of any right to reject payment hereunder and to seek to obtain payment for his interest in or damage to the improvement under any other law.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §210.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition. › Section 18-1A-30 - Expenses Incidental to Transfer of Title; Interest on Award.

Section 18-1A-30
Expenses incidental to transfer of title; interest on award.
(a) As soon as practicable after payment of the purchase price, or payment of, or deposit in probate court, of funds to satisfy the award in a condemnation action, whichever is earlier, the condemnor shall pay, or reimburse the owner for, any reasonable and necessarily incurred expenses for:
(1) Recording fees, transfer taxes, and similar expenses incidental to conveying the property to the condemnor;
(2) Penalty costs for prepayment of any debt secured by a preexisting lien, entered into or created in good faith, encumbering the property; and
(3) The prorated portion of property taxes allocable to a period after the date of vesting of title in, or the effective date of possession of the property by the condemnor, whichever is earlier.
(b) In the event of an appeal to the circuit court, the condemnor shall pay the owner interest upon any part of the award deposited in probate court and not made available to the owner within 40 days of the order of condemnation in the probate court at a rate equal to the rate allowed to be charged on money judgments as set forth in Section 8-8-10 as amended at the date of the final order in the circuit court, with the interest to be computed by the circuit court.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §211.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition. › Section 18-1A-31 - Waiver of Failure to Comply With Sections 18-1a-20 Through 18-1a-30.

Section 18-1A-31
Waiver of failure to comply with Sections 18-1A-20 through 18-1A-30.
If not inconsistent with the requirements of an applicable statute or regulation, a failure to satisfy the requirements or limitations imposed under Sections 18-1A-20 through 18-1A-30, inclusive:
(1) Is waived by the failure of the property owner, in the exercise of reasonable diligence, to object to or seek relief based upon noncompliance; and
(2) May be waived by written agreement between the property owner and the condemnor.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §212.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition. › Section 18-1A-32 - Condemnation Action Required; Inverse Condemnation.

Section 18-1A-32
Condemnation action required; inverse condemnation.
(a) If property is to be acquired by a condemnor through the exercise of its power of eminent domain, the condemnor shall commence a condemnation action for that purpose. A condemnor shall not intentionally make it necessary for an owner of property to commence an action, including an action in inverse condemnation, to prove the fact of the taking of his property.
(b) The judgment and any settlement in an inverse condemnation action awarding or allowing compensation to the plaintiff for the taking or damaging of property by a condemnor shall include the plaintiff's litigation expenses.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §213.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition. › Section 18-1A-33 - Noncompliance With Article Does Not Affect Validity of Condemnor's Interest; Construction of Article With Federal Law as to Financial Assistance.

Section 18-1A-33
Noncompliance with article does not affect validity of condemnor's interest; construction of article with federal law as to financial assistance.
(a) A failure to satisfy the requirements or limitations of Sections 18-1A-20 through 18-1A-32 does not affect the validity of the condemnor's interest in any property which it acquires by purchase or condemnation.
(b) This article shall be construed to be consistent with the requirements of federal law governing financial assistance for any project or purpose.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §214.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 3 - Proceedings Before Action. › Section 18-1A-50 - Entry Upon Property for Suitability Studies.

Section 18-1A-50
Entry upon property for suitability studies.
(a) A condemnor and its agents and employees may enter upon real property for a reasonable time and make surveys, examinations, photographs, tests, soundings, borings, and samplings, or engage in other activities for the purpose of appraising the property or determining whether it is suitable and within the power of the condemnor to take for public use, if the entry is:
(1) Preceded by reasonable efforts to notify the owner, and any other person known to be in actual physical occupancy of the property, of the time, purpose, and scope of the planned entry and activities;
(2) Undertaken during reasonable daylight hours and for reasonable times;
(3) Accomplished peaceably and without inflicting substantial injury; and
(4) Not in violation of any other statute.
(b) The entry and activities authorized by this section do not constitute a trespass or constitute grounds for an inverse condemnation action, but the condemnor is liable under Sections 18-1A-52 and 18-1A-54 for resulting damages.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §301.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 3 - Proceedings Before Action. › Section 18-1A-51 - Court Order Permitting Entry.

Section 18-1A-51
Court order permitting entry.
(a) If reasonable efforts to accomplish a lawful entry or to perform authorized activities upon real property under Section 18-1A-50 have been obstructed or denied or would be futile, the condemnor may apply to the circuit court in the county where the property or any part is located for an order permitting entry.
(b) Unless after notice good cause to the contrary is shown, the circuit court shall make its order permitting and describing the purpose of the entry and setting forth the nature and scope of activities the circuit court determines are reasonably necessary and authorized to be made upon the property. In addition to requiring a deposit under Section 18-1A-52, the order may include terms and conditions with respect to the time, place, and manner of entry and authorized activities upon the property which will facilitate the purpose of the entry and minimize damage, hardship, and burden.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §302.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 3 - Proceedings Before Action. › Section 18-1A-52 - Bond for Damages Caused by Entry.

Section 18-1A-52
Bond for damages caused by entry.
(a) An order permitting entry under Section 18-1A-51 shall include a preliminary assessment by the circuit court of the probable amount that will fairly compensate the owner and any other person in lawful possession or physical occupancy of the property for damages for physical injury to the property, and for substantial interference with its possession or use, found likely to be caused by the entry and activities authorized by the order, and shall require the condemnor other than the state to enter into bond in double the amount of such preliminary assessment, with good and sufficient sureties, to pay such damages as the property owner or other person in lawful possession or physical occupancy of the property may sustain. The bond must be given before entry is made.
(b) Unless sooner disbursed by agreement or court order, the amount of the bond sufficient to cover the damages sustained shall be paid to those determined by the circuit court to be entitled thereto upon termination of the activities as permitted in subsection (a) of Section 18-1A-50. The circuit court for good cause may extend the period of retention.
(c) Upon the filing of an application for condemnation within the period of retention specified in subsection (b) naming as defendants the persons for whose benefit the bond was made or their successors in title and seeking to condemn for the public use for which entry was authorized hereunder, then the damages for injury to the property or for substantial interference with its possession and use shall be merged with and included within the compensation and damages ascertained in such condemnation proceeding, and the bond shall be refunded to the condemnor. In the event no such condemnation proceeding is instituted prior to the expiration of the period of retention, then the amount of damages for physical injury to the property and for substantial interference with its possession or use shall be determined as in other civil cases by the circuit court or, on demand of either party, by a jury and the award shall include interest at a rate equal to the rate allowed to be charged on money judgments as set forth in Section 8-8-10 as amended at the date of the final order in the circuit court, with the interest to be computed by the circuit court.
If the deposit is paid out prior to filing the condemnation action any such payment covering areas condemned shall be credited by the court to the final payment by the condemnor.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §303.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 3 - Proceedings Before Action. › Section 18-1A-53 - Modification of Court Order Permitting Entry.

Section 18-1A-53
Modification of court order permitting entry.
(a) After notice and hearing, the circuit court may modify an order made under Section 18-1A-51.
(b) If a bond is required or the amount required is increased by an order of modification, the circuit court shall specify the time within which the required bond must be posted, and may direct that any further entry or specified activities or studies under the order as modified be stayed until any required bond has been given.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §304.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 3 - Proceedings Before Action. › Section 18-1A-54 - Proceeding or Action to Recover Damages Caused by Entry; Payment of Damages.

Section 18-1A-54
Proceeding or action to recover damages caused by entry; payment of damages.
(a) A condemnor is liable for physical injury to, and for substantial interference with possession or use of, property caused by his entry and activities upon the property. This liability may be enforced in a subsequent condemnation proceeding filed within the period specified as a retention period in Section 18-1A-52 or, if no such proceeding is filed within such period of time, by civil action with the right of trial by jury on demand of either party.
(b) If funds are on deposit under Section 18-1A-52 or 18-1A-53, the owner or other person entitled to damages under subsection (a) may apply to the circuit court for payment of his damages from such funds. If the amount on deposit is insufficient to pay the full amount, the circuit court shall enter judgment against the condemnor for the unpaid portion.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §305.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 3 - Proceedings Before Action. › Section 18-1A-55 - Offer to Purchase as Prerequisite to Condemnation Action.

Section 18-1A-55
Offer to purchase as prerequisite to condemnation action.
An action to condemn property may not be maintained over timely objection by the owner unless the condemnor has offered to acquire the property on the basis of its approved offer by purchase before commencing the action.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §306.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 4 - Commencement of Action by Condemnor. › Section 18-1A-70 - Procedure Generally.

Section 18-1A-70
Procedure generally.
The procedure for condemnation of property under the power of eminent domain is governed by the Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure except as otherwise provided in this chapter. The procedure in the probate courts shall be as provided in this chapter.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §401.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 18 - Eminent Domain. › Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally. › Article 4 - Commencement of Action by Condemnor. › Section 18-1A-71 - Commencement of Condemnation Action; Venue.

Section 18-1A-71
Commencement of condemnation action; venue.
A condemnation action is commenced by filing a complaint for condemnation with the probate court in the county in which the property or any part thereof sought to be taken is located.
(Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §402.)