reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 5 - Banks and Financial Institutions. › Chapter 26 - Alabama Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act of 2009. › Section 5-26-15 - Confidentiality.

Section 5-26-15
Confidentiality.
In order to promote more effective regulation and reduce regulatory burden through supervisory information sharing:
(1) PROTECTIONS. Except as otherwise provided in Public Law 110-289, Section 1512, the requirements under any federal law regarding the privacy or confidentiality of any information or material provided to the Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System and Registry, and any privilege arising under federal or state law, including the rules of any federal or state court, with respect to such information or material, shall continue to apply to such information or material after the information or material has been disclosed to the Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System and Registry. Such information and material may be shared with all state and federal regulatory officials with mortgage industry oversight authority without the loss of privilege or the loss of confidentiality protections provided by federal or state law.
(2) AGREEMENTS AND SHARING ARRANGEMENTS. For these purposes, the supervisor is authorized to enter agreements or sharing arrangements with other governmental agencies, the Conference of State Bank Supervisors, the American Association of Residential Mortgage Regulators, or other associations representing governmental agencies as established by rule, regulation, or order of the supervisor.
(3) NONAPPLICABILITY OF CERTAIN REQUIREMENTS. Information or material that is subject to a privilege or confidentiality under subsection (1) shall not be subject to:
(a) Disclosure under any federal or state law governing the disclosure to the public of information held by an officer or an agency of the federal government or the respective state; or
(b) Subpoena or discovery, or admission into evidence, in any private civil action or administrative process, unless with respect to any privilege held by the Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System and Registry with respect to such information or material, the person to whom such information or material pertains waives, in whole or in part, in the discretion of such person, that privilege.
(4) COORDINATION WITH STATE LAW. Existing Alabama law relating to the disclosure of confidential supervisory information or any information or material described in subsection (1) that is inconsistent with subsection (1) shall be superseded by the requirements of this section.
(5) PUBLIC ACCESS TO INFORMATION. This section shall not apply with respect to the information or material relating to the employment history of, and publicly adjudicated disciplinary and enforcement actions against, mortgage loan originators that is included in the Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System and Registry for access by the public.
(Act 2009-627, p. 1907, §15.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 5 - Banks and Financial Institutions. › Chapter 26 - Alabama Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act of 2009. › Section 5-26-17 - Prohibited Acts and Practices.

Section 5-26-17
Prohibited acts and practices.
It is a violation of this chapter for a person or individual subject to this chapter to:
(1) Obtain property by intentional fraud or intentional misrepresentation;
(2) Solicit or enter into a contract with a borrower that provides in substance that the person or individual subject to this chapter may earn a fee or commission through "best efforts" to obtain a loan even though no loan is actually obtained for the borrower;
(3) Conduct any business covered by this chapter without holding a valid license if required under this chapter;
(4) Fail to make disclosures as required by this chapter;
(5) Fail to comply with this chapter or rules or regulations promulgated under this chapter;
(6) Collect, charge, or attempt to collect or charge any fee prohibited by this chapter; or
(7) Fail to account for monies belonging to a party to a residential mortgage loan transaction, as required by law or regulation.
(Act 2009-627, p. 1907, §17.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 5 - Banks and Financial Institutions. › Chapter 26 - Alabama Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act of 2009. › Section 5-26-18 - Mortgage Call Reports.

Section 5-26-18
Mortgage call reports.
Each person employing a mortgage loan originator licensed under this chapter shall submit to the Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System and Registry reports of condition, which shall be in such form and shall contain such information as the Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System and Registry may require.
(Act 2009-627, p. 1907, §18.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 5 - Banks and Financial Institutions. › Chapter 26 - Alabama Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act of 2009. › Section 5-26-19 - Report to Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System and Registry.

Section 5-26-19
Report to Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System and Registry.
Notwithstanding state privacy law, the supervisor is required to report regularly violations of this chapter as well as enforcement actions and other relevant information to the Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System and Registry, subject to the provisions contained in Section 5-26-15.
(Act 2009-627, p. 1907, §19.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 5 - Banks and Financial Institutions. › Chapter 26 - Alabama Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act of 2009. › Section 5-26-20 - Unique Identifier Shown.

Section 5-26-20
Unique identifier shown.
The unique identifier of any person originating a residential mortgage loan shall be clearly shown on all residential mortgage loan application forms, solicitations, or advertisements, including business cards or websites, and any other documents as established by rule, regulation, or order of the supervisor.
(Act 2009-627, p. 1907, §20.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 5 - Banks and Financial Institutions. › Chapter 27 - Savings Promotion Contest › Section 5-27-1 - (Effective January 1, 2018) Legislative Findings.

Section 5-27-1
(Effective January 1, 2018) Legislative findings.
The Legislature finds and declares the following:
(1) Federal law allows both depository financial institutions and credit unions to hold savings promotion contests, subject to certain conditions and authorization under state law.
(2) Savings promotion contests in other states and countries have led to an increase in the number and amount of funds in personal savings accounts.
(3) Savings promotion contests encourage people to save money by adding a feature to personal savings accounts that includes a chance to win prizes.
(4) Savings promotion contests are not lotteries because they do not require individuals to pay consideration for a chance to win a prize, and the individual maintains ownership of the money that is deposited into a savings account or other qualifying account.
(5) The prizes are funded through the interest that accrues across the pool of savings accounts participating in the promotion contest.
(6) It is in the best interest of the citizens of Alabama to encourage increases in personal savings accounts.
(Act 2017-406, §1.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 5 - Banks and Financial Institutions. › Chapter 27 - Savings Promotion Contest › Section 5-27-2 - (Effective January 1, 2018) Definitions.

Section 5-27-2
(Effective January 1, 2018) Definitions.
When used in this chapter, the following words and phrases shall have the following meanings:
(1) APPROPRIATE STATE OR FEDERAL REGULATORY AGENCY. The state or federal agency that is statutorily responsible for the supervision of all or part of the operations of a participating financial institution.
(2) DEPOSITOR. An individual member or customer of a financial institution who meets all of the following requirements:
a. Maintains a qualifying account at a financial institution participating in a savings promotion contest.
b. Is in good standing at a financial institution authorized to do business in Alabama.
c. Is 18 years of age or older.
(3) ENTRY. A chance or chances obtained by a depositor to win a designated prize or prizes in a savings promotion contest by complying with the terms and conditions of a savings promotion contest.
(4) FINANCIAL INSTITUTION. A bank, savings institution, or credit union authorized to do business in Alabama under federal or state law.
(5) PARTICIPATING FINANCIAL INSTITUTION. A financial institution, as defined above, that is sponsoring a savings promotion contest.
(6) QUALIFYING ACCOUNT. A savings account or other savings product that is offered by a participating financial institution and that meets all of the following requirements:
a. Allows deposits to be made by a depositor.
b. Is evidenced by periodic statements that are delivered to the depositor or are available to the depositor through electronic access.
c. Has an interest rate that is similar to, and not less than, the interest rates of other comparable nonqualifying accounts.
(7) SAVINGS PROMOTION ACCOUNT. A contest or promotion sponsored by a financial institution or a group of financial institutions in which a chance of winning designated prizes is obtained by a depositor when the depositor either:
a. Deposits a specified amount of money or makes a specified number of deposits into the depositor's qualifying account.
b. Participates in one or more savings products or programs.
(Act 2017-406, §2.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 5 - Banks and Financial Institutions. › Chapter 27 - Savings Promotion Contest › Section 5-27-3 - (Effective January 1, 2018) Savings Promotion Contest Authorized; Conditions.

Section 5-27-3
(Effective January 1, 2018) Savings promotion contest authorized; conditions.
(a) Subject to supervision by the appropriate federal or state regulatory agency, a financial institution may conduct a savings promotion contest in accordance with this chapter for the purposes of encouraging depositors to maintain savings accounts and increase personal savings. The financial institution may join with other financial institutions to participate in a savings promotion or contest.
(b) A savings promotion contest shall be subject to all of the following conditions:
(1) Subject to any limits the financial institution may place on the number of entries that may be placed by the depositor, it is structured such that a depositor may place an entry to win a prize or prizes by doing either of the following:
a. Depositing a minimum specified amount of money or making a specified number of deposits into a qualifying account in accordance with the terms and conditions of the specific savings promotion contest.
b. Participating in one or more savings products or programs according to the terms and conditions of the savings promotion contest.
(2) The participating financial institution complies with all applicable consumer protection laws.
(3) No consideration is required as payment for a chance at winning the prize or prizes. For purposes of this subdivision, a depositor does not pay consideration if, as a requirement of participating in the savings promotion contest, the financial institution requires the depositor to deposit a specified amount of money or make a specified number of deposits into his or her account or participate in one or more savings programs or products involving his or her accounts.
(4) Each entry has an equal chance of being chosen as the winning entry.
(5) Participating depositors are not required to be present at a drawing in order to win a prize.
(6) The participating financial institution maintains books and records necessary to facilitate an audit of the savings promotion contest and, upon written request, provides those records to the appropriate federal or state regulatory authority.
(7) The savings promotion contest is conducted in a manner that protects the safety and soundness of the financial institution and does not mislead depositors.
(8) The financial institution posts online the terms and conditions of the savings promotion contest and lists each location where entries may be submitted.
(9) No fees or charges may be applied to a qualifying account that would not be applied to a substantially similar nonqualifying account.
(Act 2017-406, §3.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 5 - Banks and Financial Institutions. › Chapter 27 - Savings Promotion Contest › Section 5-27-4 - (Effective January 1, 2018) Oversight.

Section 5-27-4
(Effective January 1, 2018) Oversight.
Each savings promotion contest is subject to oversight by the federal or state agency responsible for regulating the financial institution, and the regulatory agency may issue cease and desist orders relating to a savings promotion contest offered by a financial institution which it regulates if the regulatory agency concludes, based on substantial evidence, that the financial institution is engaging in unsafe or unsound practices or that the financial institution has violated any law or rule, condition, or agreement of the regulatory agency.
(Act 2017-406, §4.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 5 - Banks and Financial Institutions. › Chapter 27 - Savings Promotion Contest › Section 5-27-5 - (Effective January 1, 2018) Construction; Limitation on Prizes or Awards.

Section 5-27-5
(Effective January 1, 2018) Construction; limitation on prizes or awards.
A savings promotion contest offered pursuant to this chapter does not constitute gambling or the promotion of gambling or a lottery or raffle pursuant to Section 65 of the Constitution of Alabama of 1901. No prize or award shall exceed twelve thousand five hundred dollars ($12,500).
(Act 2017-406, §5.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 5 - Banks and Financial Institutions. › Chapter 28 - Libor Discontinuance and Replacement Act of 2021 › Section 5-28-1 - Short Title.

Section 5-28-1
Short title.
This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the LIBOR Discontinuance and Replacement Act of 2021.
(Act 2021-323, §1.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 5 - Banks and Financial Institutions. › Chapter 28 - Libor Discontinuance and Replacement Act of 2021 › Section 5-28-5 - This Section Was Assigned by the Code Commissioner in the 2021 Regular Session, Effective April 29, 2021. This Is Not in the Current Code Supplement.

Section 5-28-5
Severability.
If any provision of this chapter or application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this chapter that can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this chapter shall be severable.
(Act 2021-323, §1.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-1-1 - Practice and Procedure in Certain Courts Not Affected by Repeal, etc., of Prior Statutes; Rules of Supreme Court Not Affected by Adoption of Code.

Section 6-1-1
Practice and procedure in certain courts not affected by repeal, etc., of prior statutes; rules of Supreme Court not affected by adoption of Code.
(a) Statutes in effect immediately prior to the adoption of this Code relating to practice and procedure in any court of this state in which the practice and procedure is not governed by the Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure shall not be repealed, altered, amended, modified, or otherwise affected by the adoption of this Code; provided, that this section shall not be construed to prevent the repeal, amendment, or modification of any such statutes by act of the Legislature or by rules promulgated by the Supreme Court of Alabama.
(b) The adoption of the 1975 Code of Alabama shall not repeal, alter, amend, or modify any rule governing civil procedure heretofore promulgated by the Supreme Court of Alabama.
(Acts 1977, No. 20, §2.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-1-2 - Effect of Rules of Supreme Court of Alabama.

Section 6-1-2
Effect of rules of Supreme Court of Alabama.
Any provisions of this title regulating procedure shall apply only if the procedure is not governed by the Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure, the Alabama Rules of Appellate Procedure, or any other rule of practice and procedure as may be adopted by the Supreme Court of Alabama.
(Acts 1977, No. 20, §2.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-1-3 - Rules for Expedited Civil Actions Under Certain Circumstances.

Section 6-1-3
Rules for expedited civil actions under certain circumstances.
(a) The Supreme Court shall adopt guidelines to promote the prompt, efficient, and cost-effective resolution of civil actions. The guidelines shall: (1) apply to civil actions in circuit courts in which the amount in controversy, inclusive of all claims for damages of any kind, whether actual or exemplary, a penalty, attorney's fees, expenses, costs, interest, or any other type of damage of any kind, does not exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000); and (2) address the need for lowering discovery costs in these actions and the procedure for ensuring that these actions will be expedited in the civil justice system.
(b) The Supreme Court may not adopt guidelines under this section that conflict with any of the following state laws or procedures:
(1) Domestic relations and family law.
(2) Property law.
(3) Tax law.
(Act 2012-492, p. 1437, §§1, 2.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-2-1 - Applicability of Chapter - Generally.

Section 6-2-1
Applicability of chapter - Generally.
This chapter shall apply to and govern claims in all courts, and shall apply whether the claim upon which an action is commenced is based upon a debt or obligation of either legal or equitable nature.
(Acts 1915, No. 487, p. 547; Code 1923, §8955; Code 1940, T. 7, §31.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-2-2 - Applicability of Chapter - Exceptions.

Section 6-2-2
Applicability of chapter - Exceptions.
(a) This chapter shall not affect Section 43-2-113 insofar as it relates to claims against the heir, legatee, or devisee.
(b) The limitations provided in this chapter do not apply to such actions as concern the trade of merchandise between merchants and merchants, or their agents and factors, while the accounts between them are current.
(c) The provisions of this chapter do not apply to actions to enforce the payment of bills, notes, or other evidences of debt issued or put in circulation as money.
(d) This chapter shall not apply to any liens to secure the payment of taxes or liens arising out of the signing of any bond by any public official.
(e) This chapter shall not apply to negotiable instruments which are governed by Sections 7-3-118 and 7-4-111.
(Code 1852, §§2488, 2901; Code 1867, §§2912, 2925; Code 1876, §§3238, 3251; Code 1886, §§2626, 2639; Code 1896, §§2809, 2824; Code 1907, §§4848, 4863; Acts 1915, No. 487, p. 547; Code 1923, §§8954, 8956, 8962, 8977; Code 1940, T. 7, §§32, 38, 49, 52; Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §4.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-2-3 - Accrual of Claim - Fraud.

Section 6-2-3
Accrual of claim - Fraud.
In actions seeking relief on the ground of fraud where the statute has created a bar, the claim must not be considered as having accrued until the discovery by the aggrieved party of the fact constituting the fraud, after which he must have two years within which to prosecute his action.
(Code 1852, §2492; Code 1867, §2916; Code 1876, §3242; Code 1886, §2630; Code 1896, §2813; Code 1907, §4852; Code 1923, §8966; Code 1940, T. 7, §42; Acts 1984, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 85-39, p. 40, §2.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-2-4 - Accrual of Claim - Right of Entry.

Section 6-2-4
Accrual of claim - Right of entry.
When a right of entry on lands accrues, the entry must be considered as having been made and the claim as having then accrued.
(Code 1852, §2482; Code 1867, §2906; Code 1876, §3232; Code 1886, §2620; Code 1896, §2803; Code 1907, §4842; Code 1923, §8952; Code 1940, T. 7, §50.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-2-5 - Right of Entry Not Tolled.

Section 6-2-5
Right of entry not tolled.
The right of entry is not tolled by a descent cast.
(Code 1852, §2483; Code 1867, §2907; Code 1876, §3233; Code 1886, §2621; Code 1896, §2804; Code 1907, §4843; Code 1923, §8957; Code 1940, T. 7, §33.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-2-6 - Commencement of Limitation - Principal Against Deputy or Agent.

Section 6-2-6
Commencement of limitation - Principal against deputy or agent.
When an injury arises from the act or omission of a deputy or agent, the time for the limitation of an action by the principal against such deputy or agent does not commence to run until the liability of the principal for the act or omission of such deputy or agent is ascertained by an action of the party aggrieved against the principal.
(Code 1852, §2496; Code 1867, §2920; Code 1876, §3246; Code 1886, §2634; Code 1896, §2819; Code 1907, §4858; Code 1923, §8972; Code 1940, T. 7, §44.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-2-7 - Commencement of Limitation - Where Demand Necessary for Action.

Section 6-2-7
Commencement of limitation - Where demand necessary for action.
When a right exists but a demand is necessary to entitle the party to an action against any officer, agent, or attorney, the limitation commences from the commission or omission of the act giving the right of action and not from the date of the demand.
(Code 1852, §2491; Code 1867, §2915; Code 1876, §3241; Code 1886, §2629; Code 1896, §2812; Code 1907, §4851; Code 1923, §8965; Code 1940, T. 7, §41.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-2-8 - Suspension of Limitation - Disabilities.

Section 6-2-8
Suspension of limitation - Disabilities.
(a) If anyone entitled to commence any of the actions enumerated in this chapter, to make an entry on land or enter a defense founded on the title to real property is, at the time the right accrues, below the age of 19 years, or insane, he or she shall have three years, or the period allowed by law for the commencement of an action if it be less than three years, after the termination of the disability to commence an action, make entry, or defend. No disability shall extend the period of limitations so as to allow an action to be commenced, entry made, or defense made after the lapse of 20 years from the time the claim or right accrued. Nothing in this section shall be interpreted as denying any imprisoned person the right to commence an action enumerated in this chapter and to make any proper appearances on his or her behalf in such actions.
(b) If anyone entitled to commence any of the actions enumerated in this chapter is, at the time the right accrues, below the age of 19 years, or insane, and the injury upon which the action is based arises from a sex offense as described in Section 15-20A-5, he or she shall have six years after the termination of the disability to commence the action.
(c) When both disabilities coexist at the time the claim accrued, the limitation does not attach until both are removed.
(d) A disability which did not exist when a claim accrued does not suspend the operation of the limitation unless the contrary is expressly provided.
(Code 1852, §§2498, 2499; Code 1867, §§2922, 2923; Code 1876, §§3236, 3248, 3249; Code 1886, §§2624, 2636, 2637; Code 1896, §§2807, 2821, 2822; Code 1907, §§4846, 4860, 4861; Code 1923, §§8960, 8974, 8975; Code 1940, T. 7, §§36, 46, 47; Acts 1996, No. 96-641, p. 1022, §1; Act 2019-480, §1.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-2-9 - Suspension of Limitation - Claims Against Estates.

Section 6-2-9
Suspension of limitation - Claims against estates.
Where a claim against the estate of a decedent has been duly presented, the limitation for the commencement of an action thereon is suspended until the personal representative, heir, or devisee of such decedent shall, by notice in writing, dispute the validity of such claim in whole or in part.
(Code 1896, §2817; Code 1907, §4856; Code 1923, §8970; Acts 1939, No. 517, p. 806; Code 1940, T. 7, §30.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-2-10 - Computation of Time - Absence of Person From State.

Section 6-2-10
Computation of time - Absence of person from state.
When any person is absent from the state during the period within which an action might have been commenced against him, the time of such absence must not be computed as a portion of the time necessary to create a bar under this chapter.
(Code 1852, §2484; Code 1867, §2908; Code 1876, §3234; Code 1886, §2622; Code 1896, §2805; Code 1907, §4844; Code 1923, §8958; Code 1940, T. 7, §34.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-2-11 - Computation of Time - Nonmerchant Mutual Accounts.

Section 6-2-11
Computation of time - Nonmerchant mutual accounts.
When there are mutual accounts between persons who are not merchants, time must be computed from the date of the last item unless the account is liquidated and a balance struck.
(Code 1852, §2489; Code 1867, §2913; Code 1876, §3239; Code 1886, §2627; Code 1896, §2810; Code 1907, §4849; Code 1923, §8963; Code 1940, T. 7, §39.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-2-12 - Computation of Time - Stays by Injunction or Statutory Prohibition.

Section 6-2-12
Computation of time - Stays by injunction or statutory prohibition.
When the commencement of an action is stayed by injunction or statutory prohibition, the time of the continuance of the injunction or prohibition is not computed as a part of the limitation time.
(Code 1852, §2497; Code 1867, §2921; Code 1876, §3247; Code 1886, §2635; Code 1896, §2820; Code 1907, §4859; Code 1923, §8973; Code 1940, T. 7, §45.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-2-13 - Computation of Time - Contracts During War.

Section 6-2-13
Computation of time - Contracts during war.
When the United States is at war with a foreign country and either party to a contract is a subject or citizen thereof, the time of the continuance of the war is not computed as part of the time limited for the commencement of an action.
(Code 1852, §2500; Code 1867, §2924; Code 1876, §3250; Code 1886, §2638; Code 1896, §2823; Code 1907, §4862; Code 1923, §8976; Code 1940, T. 7, §48.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-2-14 - Computation of Time - Granting of Letters Testamentary or Administration.

Section 6-2-14
Computation of time - Granting of letters testamentary or administration.
The time between the death of a person and the grant of letters testamentary or of administration, not exceeding six months, is not to be taken as any part of the time limited for the commencement of actions by or against his executors or administrators.
(Code 1852, §2494; Code 1867, §2918; Code 1876, §3244; Code 1886, §2632; Code 1896, §2815; Code 1907, §4854; Code 1923, §8968; Code 1940, T. 7, §53.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-2-15 - Agreement or Stipulation to Limit Time Prescribed Void; Exception.

Section 6-2-15
Agreement or stipulation to limit time prescribed void; exception.
Except as may be otherwise provided by the Uniform Commercial Code, any agreement or stipulation, verbal or written, whereby the time for the commencement of any action is limited to a time less than that prescribed by law for the commencement of such action is void.
(Code 1896, §2802; Code 1907, §4841; Code 1923, §8951; Code 1940, T. 7, §28; Acts 1965, No. 549, p. 811.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-2-16 - Sufficiency of Partial Payment or Written Promise to Remove Bar.

Section 6-2-16
Sufficiency of partial payment or written promise to remove bar.
No act, promise, or acknowledgment is sufficient to remove the bar to an action created by the provisions of this chapter, nor is such evidence of a new and continuing contract, except a partial payment, made upon the contract by the party sought to be charged before the bar is complete or an unconditional promise in writing signed by the party to be charged thereby.
(Code 1852, §2490; Code 1867, §2194; Code 1876, §3240; Code 1886, §2628; Code 1896, §2811; Code 1907, §4850; Code 1923, §8964; Code 1940, T. 7, §40.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-2-17 - Effect of Foreign Statutes Upon Actions on Contracts.

Section 6-2-17
Effect of foreign statutes upon actions on contracts.
When the statute of limitations of another state or foreign country has created a bar to an action upon a contract made or act done in such state or country while the party sought to be charged thereby was a resident of such state or country, the bar thus created is effectual in this state against any action commenced thereon in the same manner it would have been in the state or country where the act was done or contract made.
(Code 1852, §2487; Code 1867, §2911; Code 1876, §3237; Code 1886, §2625; Code 1896, §2808; Code 1907, §4847; Code 1923, §8961; Code 1940, T. 7, §37.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 2 - Time Provisions. › Section 6-2-30 - Commencement of Actions - Generally; Actions for Injuries Resulting From Exposure to Asbestos.

Section 6-2-30
Commencement of actions - Generally; actions for injuries resulting from exposure to asbestos.
(a) All civil actions must be commenced after the cause of action has accrued within the period prescribed in this article and not afterwards, unless otherwise specifically provided for in this code.
(b) A civil action for any injury to the person or rights of another resulting from exposure to asbestos, including asbestos-containing products, shall be deemed to accrue on the first date the injured party, through reasonable diligence, should have reason to discover the injury giving rise to such civil action. This subsection shall not apply to or affect in any way, actions referred to in Section 6-5-482.
(Code 1852, §2474; Code 1867, §2898; Code 1876, §3223; Code 1886, §2612; Code 1896, §2793; Code 1907, §4832; Code 1923, §8941; Code 1940, T. 7, §18; Acts 1980, No. 80-566, p. 876, §2.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 2 - Time Provisions. › Section 6-2-31 - Commencement of Actions - No Limitation.

Section 6-2-31
Commencement of actions - No limitation.
(a) There is no limitation of the time within which the state may commence actions for the recovery of any of the land mentioned in Section 6-6-281.
(b) There is no limitation of the time within which a county or municipal corporation may commence an action for the recovery of its lands.
(Code 1907, §§4830, 4831; Code 1923, §§4939, 4940; Code 1940, T. 7, §§16, 17.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 2 - Time Provisions. › Section 6-2-32 - Commencement of Actions - Twenty Years.

Section 6-2-32
Commencement of actions - Twenty years.
Within 20 years, actions upon a judgment or decree of any court of this state, of the United States, or of any state or territory of the United States must be commenced.
(Code 1852, §2475; Code 1867, §2899; Code 1876, §3224; Code 1886, §2613; Code 1896, §2794; Code 1907, §4833; Code 1923, §8942; Code 1940, T. 7, §19.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 2 - Time Provisions. › Section 6-2-33 - Commencement of Actions - Ten Years.

Section 6-2-33
Commencement of actions - Ten years.
The following actions must be commenced within 10 years:
(1) Actions founded upon any contract or writing under seal.
(2) Actions for the recovery of lands, tenements or hereditaments, or the possession thereof, except as otherwise provided in this article.
(3) Motions and other actions brought by or on behalf of the State of Alabama, a county, a municipality, or another political subdivision of the state against sheriffs, coroners, constables, and other public officers for nonfeasance, misfeasance, or malfeasance in office.
(Code 1852, §2476; Code 1867, §2900; Code 1876, §3225; Code 1886, §2614; Code 1896, §2795; Code 1907, §4834; Code 1923, §8943; Code 1940, T. 7, §20; Acts 1996, No. 96-513, p. 657, §1.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 2 - Time Provisions. › Section 6-2-34 - Commencement of Actions - Six Years.

Section 6-2-34
Commencement of actions - Six years.
The following must be commenced within six years:
(1) Actions for any trespass to person or liberty, such as false imprisonment or assault and battery;
(2) Actions for any trespass to real or personal property;
(3) Actions for the detention or conversion of personal property;
(4) Actions founded on promises in writing not under seal;
(5) Actions for the recovery of money upon a loan, upon a stated or liquidated account or for arrears of rent due upon a parol demise;
(6) Actions for the use and occupation of land;
(7) Motions and other actions against the sureties of any sheriff, coroner, constable, or any public officer and actions against the sureties of executors, administrators, or guardians for any nonfeasance, misfeasance, or malfeasance, whatsoever, of their principal, the time to be computed from the act done or omitted by their principal which fixes the liability of the surety;
(8) Motions and other actions against attorneys-at-law for failure to pay over money of their clients or for neglect or omission of duty; and
(9) Actions upon any simple contract or speciality not specifically enumerated in this section.
(Code 1852, §2477; Code 1867, §2901; Code 1876, §3226; Code 1886, §2615; Code 1896, §2796; Code 1907, §4835; Code 1923, §8944; Code 1940, T. 7, §21.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 2 - Time Provisions. › Section 6-2-35 - Commencement of Actions - Five Years.

Section 6-2-35
Commencement of actions - Five years.
The following must be commenced within five years:
(1) Where lands have been sold under a judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction, all actions founded on an equity of redemption existing in any person not a party to the proceedings who claims under the mortgagor or grantor in the deed of trust; and
(2) Except as otherwise specifically provided for, all actions by the state or any subdivision thereof for the recovery of amounts claimed for licenses, other than business licenses defined in Section 11-51-90.1, municipal or county franchise taxes, or other taxes.
(Code 1852, §2478; Code 1867, §2902; Code 1876, §3227; Code 1886, §2616; Code 1896, §2797; Code 1907, §4836; Code 1923, §8945; Code 1940, T. 7, §22; Act 2006-586, p. 1548, §2.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 2 - Time Provisions. › Section 6-2-36 - Commencement of Actions - Four Years.

Section 6-2-36
Commencement of actions - Four years.
Within four years, all actions or motions against any surety to any writ of error, appeal, replevy, or forthcoming bond executed in any case in any of the courts of the United States or of any other state or country except this state must be commenced.
(Code 1852, §2479; Code 1867, §2903; Code 1876, §3228; Code 1886, §2617; Code 1896, §2798; Code 1907, §4837; Code 1923, §8946; Code 1940, T. 7, §23.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 2 - Time Provisions. › Section 6-2-37 - Commencement of Actions - Three Years.

Section 6-2-37
Commencement of actions - Three years.
The following must be commenced within three years:
(1) Actions to recover money due by open or unliquidated account, the time to be computed from the date of the last item of the account or from the time when, by contract or usage, the account is due; and
(2) Proceedings in any court of this state to disbar any attorney authorized to practice law in this state.
(Code 1852, §2480; Code 1867, §2904; Code 1876, §3229; Code 1886, §2618; Code 1896, §2799; Code 1907, §4838; Acts 1915, No. 814, p. 928; Code 1923, §8947; Code 1940, T. 7, §24.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 2 - Time Provisions. › Section 6-2-40 - Commencement of Actions - Six Months.

Section 6-2-40
Commencement of actions - Six months.
No action shall be commenced to test the validity of any election held by any municipality of this state for the purpose of issuing bonds or levying taxes, nor to attack the issuance of bonds pursuant to such election, unless commenced within six months from the date of declaring the result of said election.
(Acts 1919, No. 54, p. 57; Code 1923, §8950; Code 1940, T. 7, §27.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions. › Article 2 - Time Provisions. › Section 6-2-41 - Limitations on Claims to Charge Real Estate With Debts and Obligations of Decedent.

Section 6-2-41
Limitations on claims to charge real estate with debts and obligations of decedent.
(a) The real estate of persons dying testate or intestate shall, as against the rights of mortgagees or purchasers for value from the heirs or devisees, be forever discharged from the payment of all legal and equitable debts and obligations unless the persons, including minors and insane persons, owning such debts or benefited by said obligations shall within the time allowed by law, but in no event more than two years from the death of the deceased, file in the probate court of the county where said property is located a verified claim showing the nature and amount of said debts and obligations.
(b) Wherever there has been no executor or administrator appointed, then the person owning said debt or benefited by said obligation must, within three months after filing said claim, cause letters testamentary or of administration to be issued and proceed to subject said land to said debts or obligations.
(c) This section shall not apply to any lien which is expressly created or reserved in any conveyance which may be duly recorded in the probate court or probate office in the county in which the land is situated so as to give notice of said conveyance, nor to any judgments recorded as authorized.
(Acts 1915, No. 487, p. 547; Code 1923, §§8953, 8954; Code 1940, T. 7, §§51, 52.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 3 - Venue. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-3-1 - Agreements Contrary to Article Void.

Section 6-3-1
Agreements contrary to article void.
Any agreement or stipulation, verbal or written, whereby the venue prescribed in this article is proposed to be altered or changed so that actions may be commenced contrary to the provisions of this article, is void.
(Code 1852, §2164; Code 1867, §2562; Code 1876, §2928; Code 1886, §2640; Code 1896, §4205; Code 1907, §6110; Acts 1923, No. 74, p. 53; Code 1923, §10467; Code 1940, T. 7, §54.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 3 - Venue. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-3-2 - Venue of Actions - Against Individuals.

Section 6-3-2
Venue of actions - Against individuals.
(a) In proceedings of a legal nature against individuals:
(1) All actions for the recovery of land, of the possession thereof, or for a trespass thereto must be commenced in the county where the land or a material part thereof lies.
(2) All actions on contracts, except as may be otherwise provided, must be commenced in the county in which the defendant or one of the defendants resides if such defendant has within the state a permanent residence.
(3) All other personal actions, if the defendant or one of the defendants has within the state a permanent residence, may be commenced in the county of such residence or in the county in which the act or omission complained of may have been done or may have occurred.
(b) In proceedings of an equitable nature against individuals:
(1) All actions where real estate is the subject matter of the action, whether it is the exclusive subject matter of the action or not, must be commenced in the county where the same or a material portion thereof is situated.
(2) If the action is to enjoin proceedings on judgments in other courts, it may be commenced in the county in which such proceedings are pending or judgment entered.
(3) Except as may be otherwise provided, actions must be commenced in the county in which the defendant or a material defendant resides.
(4) In the case of nonresidents, actions must be commenced in the county where the subject of the action or any portion of the same was when the claim arose or the act on which the action is founded was to be performed.
(Code 1852, §§2164, 2875; Code 1867, §§2562, 3760; Code 1876, §§2928, 3760; Code 1886, §§2640, 3421; Code 1896, §§676, 4205; Code 1907, §§3093, 6110; Acts 1923, No. 74, p. 53; Code 1923, §§6524, 10467; Code 1940, T. 7, §§54, 294.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 3 - Venue. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-3-3 - Venue of Actions - Work or Labor Done or Breaches of Easement or Right-of-Way Contracts.

Section 6-3-3
Venue of actions - Work or labor done or breaches of easement or right-of-way contracts.
In all actions for work and labor done or breaches of contracts or covenants as to easements or rights-of-way, the action may be commenced in the county in which the work was done or in which the land is situated as to which the easement or right-of-way was granted.
(Code 1923, §10468; Code 1940, T. 7, §55.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 3 - Venue. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-3-4 - Venue of Actions - Against Unincorporated Groups Issuing Insurance Policies.

Section 6-3-4
Venue of actions - Against unincorporated groups issuing insurance policies.
All unincorporated organizations or associations of every kind that issue policies or certificates of insurance of any kind to their members shall be subject to a civil action in any county where they do business or issue such policies or certificates, and the summons may be executed upon them by serving a copy of the summons and complaint upon any officer of such organization or association.
(Acts 1909, No. 142, p. 279; Code 1923, §10469; Code 1940, T. 7, §56.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 3 - Venue. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-3-5 - Venue of Actions - Insurance Policies.

Section 6-3-5
Venue of actions - Insurance policies.
Repealed by Act 99-249, §2, effective July 24, 1999.
(Acts 1955, No. 366, p. 886.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 3 - Venue. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-3-6 - Venue of Actions - Against Unincorporated Organization or Association.

Section 6-3-6
Venue of actions - Against unincorporated organization or association.
Action against an unincorporated organization or association may be commenced in any county where such organization or association does business or has in existence a branch or local organization.
(Acts 1921, Ex. Sess., No. 13, p. 14; Code 1923, §5726; Code 1940, T. 7, §57.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 3 - Venue. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-3-8 - Venue of Actions - Breach of Official Bond.

Section 6-3-8
Venue of actions - Breach of official bond.
(a) At the election of the Attorney General, all actions of summary proceedings by or for the use of the state founded on breach of the official bond of a state officer or a former state officer, of a tax collector or former tax collector, of a judge of probate or former judge of probate, of a tax assessor or former tax assessor, or clerk of the circuit court or former clerk of the circuit court may be commenced in the circuit court of Montgomery County or in a court of the county in which any one of the obligors in such bond may reside.
(b) An action on the official bond executed by a sheriff or any deputy sheriff may be commenced only in the county of residence of the principal or in the county in which he resided at the time of the execution of the same; provided, that if the act complained of was committed in some county other than the county in which he resided, then such action may be commenced in the county where such act was committed.
(Code 1876, §2830; Code 1886, §2643; Code 1896, §4208; Code 1907, §6113; Code 1923, §10472; Code 1940, T. 7, §§61, 61(1); Acts 1969, Ex. Sess., No. 203, p. 272.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 3 - Venue. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-3-9 - Venue of Actions - Where Prison System Involved.

Section 6-3-9
Venue of actions - Where prison system involved.
All actions where the prison system or the state on account of the prison system is interested must be commenced in Montgomery County in any court having jurisdiction of the amount involved, except actions to condemn property under Section 18-1A-271, which must be commenced in the county where the property sought to be condemned is located. And if, on the trial of any case in any county, it is suggested by the Board of Corrections or is otherwise shown that the state is interested on account of the prison system, such case must be transferred to the proper court of Montgomery County. All actions commenced under this section must be commenced in the name of the state.
(Code 1886, §4650; Code 1896, §4518; Code 1907, §6570; Code 1923, §10473; Code 1940, T. 7, §62.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 3 - Venue. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-3-10 - Local Laws in Counties Having Two Courthouses Unaffected.

Section 6-3-10
Local laws in counties having two courthouses unaffected.
In all counties having two courthouses, the provisions of this chapter shall not affect any local laws relating to venue in force at the adoption of this Code.
(Code 1923, §10475; Code 1940, T. 7, §64.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 3 - Venue. › Article 1 - General Provisions. › Section 6-3-11 - Venue of Actions - Against Counties or Municipalities.

Section 6-3-11
Venue of actions - Against counties or municipalities.
The venue for all civil actions for damages for personal injury, death, or property damage filed against a county or against a municipality shall be in the county or in the county within which the municipality is located or in the county in which the act or omission complained of occurred.
(Acts 1987, No. 87-391, p. 560.)
2023 Code of Alabama › Title 6 - Civil Practice. › Chapter 3 - Venue. › Article 2 - Change and Transfer. › Section 6-3-20 - One Change for Cause Permitted on Motion of a Party.

Section 6-3-20
One change for cause permitted on motion of a party.
Either party to a civil action may move the court to change the venue at any time before final trial, making affidavit that for causes set forth, he cannot have a fair and impartial trial in the county where the action is pending. The court may direct a change to the nearest county free from proper objection by either party, to be determined by affidavits and, whenever it will best secure the ends of justice, it may require the applicant to give bond and security for costs. The same party can have the venue changed but once.
(Code 1852, §2359; Code 1867, r§2761; Code 1876, §3114; Code 1886, §2645; Code 1896, §4210; Code 1907, §6116; Code 1923, §10476; Code 1940, T. 7, §65.)