reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-932 - Reflector and lamp mountings

28-932.
Reflector and lamp mountings
A. Reflectors that are required by section 28-929 shall be mounted at a height of not less than twenty-four inches and not more than sixty inches above the ground on which the vehicle stands,  except that if the highest part of the permanent structure of the vehicle is less than twenty-four inches,  the reflector at that point shall be mounted as high as that part of the permanent structure permits.
B. The rear reflectors on a pole trailer may be mounted on each side of the bolster or load.
C. A required red reflector on the rear of a vehicle may be incorporated with the tail lamp,  but the reflector shall meet all of the other reflector requirements of this article.
D. Clearance lamps shall be mounted on the permanent structure of the vehicle in a manner that indicates its extreme width and as near the top of the vehicle as practicable. Clearance lamps and side marker lamps may be mounted in combination if illumination is given as required by this section with reference to both.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-933 - Reflector and lamp visibility

28-933.
Reflector and lamp visibility
A. A reflector on a vehicle referred to in section 28-929 shall be of such size and characteristics and so maintained as to be readily visible at nighttime from all distances within five hundred feet to fifty feet from the vehicle when directly in front of lawful upper beams of head lamps. Reflectors required to be mounted on the sides of the vehicle shall reflect the required color of light to the sides,  and reflectors mounted on the rear shall reflect a red color to the rear.
B. Front and rear clearance lamps shall be capable of being seen and distinguished under normal atmospheric conditions at the times lights are required at a distance of five hundred feet from the front and rear,  respectively,  of the vehicle.
C. Side marker lamps shall be capable of being seen and distinguished under normal atmospheric conditions at the times lights are required at a distance of five hundred feet from the side of the vehicle on which mounted.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-934 - Obstructed lights not required

28-934.
Obstructed lights not required
If motor and other vehicles are operated in combination when lights are required,  any lamp,  except tail lamps,  need not be lighted if the lamp would be obscured by another vehicle of the combination by reason of its location on a vehicle of the combination. This section does not affect the requirement that lighted clearance lamps be displayed on the front of the foremost vehicle required to have clearance lamps or that all lights required on the rear of the rearmost vehicle of any combination be lighted.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-935 - Lamp or flag on projecting load

28-935.
Lamp or flag on projecting load
A. If the load on a vehicle extends to the rear four feet or more beyond the bed or body of the vehicle,  two red lights or two lanterns and reflectors,  one on each side,  plainly visible from a distance of at least five hundred feet to the sides and rear shall be displayed at the extreme rear end of the load,  at the times specified in section 28-922. The red light or lantern required by this section is in addition to the red rear light required on every vehicle.
B. At any other time,  a red flag or cloth not less than eighteen inches square shall be displayed at the extreme rear end of the load. The flag or cloth shall be displayed so that the entire area is visible to the driver of a vehicle approaching from the rear.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-936 - Lamps on parked vehicles

28-936.
Lamps on parked vehicles
A. When a vehicle is lawfully parked on a street or highway during the hours between a half hour after sunset and a half hour before sunrise and if there is sufficient light to reveal a person or object within a distance of five hundred feet on the street or highway,  lights need not be displayed on the parked vehicle.
B. When a vehicle is parked or stopped on a roadway or shoulder adjacent to the roadway,  whether attended or unattended,  during the hours between a half hour after sunset and a half hour before sunrise and if there is not sufficient light to reveal a person or object within a distance of five hundred feet on the highway,  the parked or stopped vehicle shall be equipped with one or more lamps that exhibit a white or amber light on the roadway side and that are visible from a distance of five hundred feet to the front of the vehicle and a red light visible from a distance of five hundred feet to the rear. This subsection does not apply to a motor driven cycle.
C. A lighted head lamp on a parked vehicle shall be depressed or dimmed.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-937 - Lamps on other vehicles and equipment

28-937.
Lamps on other vehicles and equipment
All vehicles,  including animal-drawn vehicles and vehicles that are referred to in section 28-921,  subsection C and that are not specifically required by this article to be equipped with lamps,  shall be equipped at the times specified in section 28-922 with at least one lighted lamp or lantern exhibiting a white light visible from a distance of five hundred feet to the front of the vehicle and with a lamp or lantern exhibiting a red light visible from a distance of five hundred feet to the rear.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-938 - Spot and auxiliary lamps

28-938.
Spot and auxiliary lamps
A motor vehicle may be equipped with any of the following:
1. Not more than one spot lamp that when lighted is aimed and used on approaching another vehicle only so that no part of the high intensity portion of the beam is directed to the left of the prolongation of the extreme left side of the vehicle nor more than one hundred feet ahead of the vehicle.
2. Not more than two fog lamps that are mounted on the front at a height of not less than twelve inches and not more than thirty inches above the level surface on which the vehicle stands and that are aimed so that when the vehicle is not loaded none of the high intensity portion of the light to the left of the center of the vehicle shall project,  at a distance of twenty-five feet ahead,  higher than a level of four inches below the level of the center of the lamp that is aimed.
3. Not more than two auxiliary passing lamps that are mounted on the front at a height of not less than twenty-four inches and not more than forty-two inches above the level surface on which the vehicle stands and that meet the requirements and limitations provided in sections 28-921 through 28-949.
4. Not more than two auxiliary driving lamps that are mounted on the front at a height of not less than sixteen inches nor more than forty-two inches above the level surface on which the vehicle stands and that meet the requirements and limitations provided in sections 28-921 through 28-949.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-939 - Signal lamps and devices

28-939.
Signal lamps and devices
A. A motor vehicle may be equipped and if required under this article shall be equipped with the following:
1. A stop lamp on the rear that emits a red or yellow light,  that is actuated on application of the service or foot brake and that may be incorporated with a tail lamp.
2. One or more lamps or a mechanical signal device that is capable of clearly indicating an intention to turn either to the right or to the left and that is visible both from the front and rear.
B. A stop lamp shall be plainly visible and understandable from a distance of one hundred feet to the rear both during normal sunlight and at nighttime. A signal lamp or lamps indicating the intention to turn shall be visible and understandable during daytime and nighttime from a distance of one hundred feet both to the front and rear. If a vehicle is equipped with a stop lamp,  tail lamp or other signal lamp,  each lamp shall:
1. Be maintained at all times in good working condition.
2. Not project a glaring or dazzling light.
C. A mechanical signal device shall be self-illuminated when in use at the times provided in section 28-922.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-940 - Additional lighting equipment

28-940.
Additional lighting equipment
A motor vehicle may be equipped with any of the following:
1. Not more than two side cowl or fender lamps that emit an amber or white light without glare.
2. Not more than one running board courtesy lamp on each side of the motor vehicle that emits a white or amber light without glare.
3. Not more than two backup lamps either separately or in combination with other lamps,  but a backup lamp shall not be lighted when the motor vehicle is in forward motion.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-941 - Multiple beam road lighting equipment arrangement

28-941.
Multiple beam road lighting equipment arrangement
Except as otherwise provided in this article,  the headlamps,  the auxiliary driving lamp or the auxiliary passing lamp or combinations of the headlamps,  driving lamp or passing lamp on a motor vehicle other than a motor driven cycle shall be arranged so that selection may be made between distributions of light projected to different elevations,  subject to the following requirements and limitations:
1. There shall be an uppermost distribution of light,  or composite beam,  so aimed and of sufficient intensity to reveal persons and vehicles at a distance of at least three hundred fifty feet ahead for all conditions of loading.
2. There shall be a lowermost distribution of light,  or composite beam,  so aimed and of sufficient intensity to reveal persons and vehicles at a distance of at least one hundred feet ahead,  and under any condition of loading,  none of the high intensity portion of the beam shall be directed to strike the eyes of an approaching driver.
3. A new motor vehicle,  other than a motor driven cycle or a fully autonomous vehicle incapable of operation by a human driver,  that is registered in this state and that has multiple beam road lighting equipment shall be equipped with a beam indicator that is:
(a) Lighted when the uppermost distribution of light from the headlamps is in use and not otherwise lighted.
(b) Designed and located so that when lighted it is readily visible without glare to the driver of the vehicle.
4. A person shall not operate a motor vehicle with a colored transparent or translucent substance or material installed,  affixed or applied on or in front of the headlamps,  the auxiliary driving lamp or the auxiliary passing lamp or combinations of the headlamps,  driving lamp or passing lamp that would obstruct,  reduce or interfere with the visibility or effectiveness of the headlamps or that would change the color of light emitted. This paragraph does not prohibit the placement of clear transparent material mounted in front of the headlamps,  fog lamps or auxiliary driving lamps.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-942 - Multiple beam road lighting equipment usage

28-942.
Multiple beam road lighting equipment usage
If a motor vehicle is operated on a roadway or shoulder adjacent to a roadway during the times provided in section 28-922,  the driver shall use a distribution of light or composite beam that is directed high enough and that has sufficient intensity to reveal persons and vehicles at a safe distance in advance of the vehicle,  subject to the following requirements and limitations:
1. If a driver of a vehicle approaches an oncoming vehicle within five hundred feet,  the driver shall use a distribution of light or composite beam aimed so that the glaring rays are not projected into the eyes of the oncoming driver. The lowermost distribution of light or composite beam provided in section 28-941,  paragraph 2 is deemed to avoid glare at all times,  regardless of road contour and loading.
2. If the driver of a vehicle follows another vehicle within two hundred feet to the rear,  except when engaged in the act of overtaking and passing,  the driver shall use a distribution of light permissible under this article other than the uppermost distribution of light specified in section 28-941,  paragraph 1.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-943 - Single beam road lighting equipment

28-943.
Single beam road lighting equipment
Head lamps that are arranged to provide a single distribution of light are permitted on motor vehicles manufactured and sold before January 1,  1951,  and on neighborhood electric vehicles,  in lieu of multiple beam road lighting equipment specified in this article,  if the single distribution of light complies with the following requirements and limitations:
1. The head lamps are aimed so that when the vehicle is not loaded none of the high intensity portion of the light projects,  at a distance of twenty-five feet ahead,  higher than a level of five inches below the level of the center of the lamp that is aimed and in no case higher than forty-two inches above the level on which the vehicle stands at a distance of seventy-five feet ahead.
2. The intensity is sufficient to reveal persons and vehicles at a distance of at least two hundred feet.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-944 - Lighting equipment on motor driven cycles

28-944.
Lighting equipment on motor driven cycles
The head lamp or head lamps on a motor driven cycle may be of the single beam or multiple beam type and shall comply with requirements and limitations as follows:
1. A head lamp or head lamps on a motor driven cycle shall be of sufficient intensity to reveal a person or a vehicle at a distance of not less than one hundred feet when the motor driven cycle is operated at a speed of less than twenty-five miles per hour and at a distance of not less than two hundred feet when the motor driven cycle is operated at a speed of twenty-five or more miles per hour,  and the motor driven cycle is subject to the speed limitations in section 28-705.
2. If the motor driven cycle is equipped with a multiple beam head lamp or head lamps:
(a) The upper beam shall meet the minimum requirements provided in paragraph 1 of this section and shall not exceed the limitations set forth in section 28-941,  paragraph 1.
(b) The lowermost beam shall meet the requirements applicable to a lowermost distribution of light as set forth in section 28-941,  paragraph 2.
3. If the motor driven cycle is equipped with a single beam lamp or lamps,  the lamp or lamps shall be aimed so that when the vehicle is loaded none of the high intensity portion of light,  at a distance of twenty-five feet ahead,  projects higher than the level of the center of the lamp from which it comes.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-945 - Alternate road lighting equipment

28-945.
Alternate road lighting equipment
A motor vehicle,  except a commercial vehicle as defined in section 28-2231,  may be operated under the conditions specified in section 28-922 when it is equipped with two lighted lamps that are on the front of the motor vehicle and that are capable of revealing persons and objects seventy-five feet ahead in lieu of lamps required in section 28-941 or 28-943,  but the motor vehicle shall not be operated at a speed of more than twenty miles per hour.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-946 - Number of driving lamps required or permitted

28-946.
Number of driving lamps required or permitted
A. At all times provided in section 28-922,  at least two lighted lamps shall be displayed,  one on each side at the front of a motor vehicle other than a motorcycle or motor driven cycle,  except when the vehicle is parked subject to the rules governing lights on parked vehicles.
B. If a motor vehicle equipped with head lamps as required by this article is also equipped with any auxiliary lamps,  spot lamp or other lamp on the front of the motor vehicle projecting a beam of intensity greater than three hundred candlepower,  not more than four of any such lamps on the front of a vehicle shall be lighted at any one time when on a highway.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-947 - Special restrictions on lamps

28-947.
Special restrictions on lamps
A. A person shall direct a lighted lamp or illuminating device on a motor vehicle,  other than a head lamp,  spot lamp,  auxiliary lamp or flashing front direction signal,  that projects a beam of light of an intensity greater than three hundred candlepower so that no part of the beam strikes the level of the roadway on which the vehicle stands at a distance of more than seventy-five feet from the vehicle.
B. A person shall not drive or move a vehicle or equipment on a highway with a lamp or device on the vehicle that is capable of displaying a red or red and blue light or lens visible from directly in front of the center of the vehicle. Lights visible from the front of a vehicle shall be amber or white. This section does not apply to either of the following:
1. An authorized emergency vehicle or a vehicle on which a red or red and blue light or lens visible from the front is expressly authorized or required by this chapter.
2. An emergency vehicle that is solely used for hobby or display purposes and that has been issued a historic vehicle license plate pursuant to section 28-2484 if either of the following applies:
(a) The lights are covered and are not activated while a person is transporting or driving the vehicle to or from a parade,  authorized assemblage of historic vehicles or test.
(b) The lights are activated only in a parade,  for an authorized assemblage of historic vehicles or for testing purposes.
C. Except as provided in subsection D or E of this section,  flashing lights on motor vehicles are prohibited except either:
1. On authorized emergency vehicles,  school buses or snow removal equipment.
2. As warning lights on disabled or parked vehicles.
3. On a vehicle as a means for indicating a right or left turn.
D. A vehicle may have lamps that may be used to warn the operators of other vehicles of the presence of a vehicular traffic hazard requiring the exercise of unusual care in approaching,  overtaking or passing. The vehicle may display these lamps as a warning in addition to any other warning signals required by this article. The lamps used to display the warning to the front shall be mounted at the same level and as widely spaced laterally as practicable and shall display simultaneously flashing white or amber lights or any shade of color between white and amber. The lamps used to display the warning to the rear shall be mounted at the same level and as widely spaced laterally as practicable and shall show simultaneously flashing amber or red lights or any shade of color between amber and red. These warning lights shall be visible from a distance of at least one thousand five hundred feet under normal atmospheric conditions at night.
E. A person may equip a motorcycle with a means of modulating the intensity of a head lamp beam between the higher and lower brightness at a rate of two hundred to two hundred eighty cycles per minute. A person shall not modulate the head lamp beam during the hours of darkness as prescribed in section 28-922.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-949 - Selling or using lamps

28-949.
Selling or using lamps
A. A person shall not have for sale,  sell or offer for sale for use on or as a part of the equipment of a motor vehicle,  trailer or semitrailer or shall not use on any such vehicle a reflector that is required by this article,  head lamp,  auxiliary driving lamp,  rear lamp,  signal lamp or parts of any of the foregoing that tend to change the original design or performance unless the lamps or reflectors are of a type that meets applicable federal safety standards.
B. A person shall not have for sale,  sell or offer for sale for use on or as a part of the equipment of a motor vehicle,  trailer or semitrailer a lamp or device that is described in this section unless the lamp or device bears the trademark or name under which it is approved so as to be legible when installed.
C. A person shall not use on any motor vehicle,  trailer or semitrailer a lamp that is described in this section unless the lamp is mounted and adjusted to focus and aim pursuant to applicable federal safety standards.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-953 - Brakes on all-terrain vehicles and motor driven cycles

28-953.
Brakes on all-terrain vehicles and motor driven cycles
A. The director may:
1. Require an inspection of the brake on an all-terrain vehicle or a motor driven cycle.
2. Disapprove a brake that does not comply with the performance ability standard provided in section 28-952 or that is not so designed or constructed to ensure reasonable and reliable performance in actual use.
B. The director may refuse to register or may suspend or revoke the registration of a vehicle referred to in this section if the director determines that the brake on the vehicle does not comply with this section.
C. A person shall not operate on a highway a vehicle referred to in this section if the director has disapproved the brake equipment on the vehicle or type of vehicle.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-954 - Horns and warning devices

28-954.
Horns and warning devices
A. A motor vehicle when operated on a highway shall be equipped with a horn that is in good working order and that is capable of emitting sound audible under normal conditions from a distance of at least two hundred feet. Any horn or other warning device shall not emit an unreasonably loud or harsh sound or a whistle.
B. If reasonably necessary to ensure the safe operation of a motor vehicle,  the driver shall give an audible warning with the driver's horn but shall not otherwise use the horn when on a highway.
C. A vehicle shall not be equipped with and a person shall not use on a vehicle a siren,  whistle or bell,  except as otherwise permitted in this section.
D. A vehicle may but is not required to be equipped with a theft alarm signal device that is arranged so that it cannot be used by the driver as an ordinary warning signal.
E. An authorized emergency vehicle may be equipped with a siren,  whistle or bell that is capable of emitting sound audible under normal conditions from a distance of at least five hundred feet and that is of a type approved by the department. The siren shall not be used except when the vehicle is operated in response to an emergency call or in the immediate pursuit of an actual or suspected violator of the law or when necessary to serve a civil traffic complaint. During these events the driver of the vehicle shall sound the siren when reasonably necessary to warn pedestrians and other drivers of the approach of the emergency vehicle.
F. A siren shall be allowed on a fire engine that is solely used for hobby or display purposes and that has been issued a historic vehicle license plate pursuant to section 28-2484 if either of the following applies:
1. The siren is covered and is not activated while a person is transporting or driving the vehicle to or from a parade,  authorized assemblage of historic vehicles or test.
2. The siren is activated only in a parade,  for an authorized assemblage of historic vehicles or for testing purposes.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-955 - Mufflers; noise and air pollution prevention; emissions control devices; civil penalty; exception

28-955.
Mufflers;  noise and air pollution prevention;  emissions control devices;  civil penalty;  exception
A. A motor vehicle shall be equipped at all times with a muffler that is in good working order and that is in constant operation to prevent excessive or unusual noise.
B. A person shall not use a muffler cutout,  bypass or similar device on a motor vehicle on a highway.
C. The engine and power mechanism of a motor vehicle shall be equipped and adjusted to prevent the escape of excessive fumes or smoke.
D. Beginning with motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines of the 1968 model year,  motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines shall be equipped with emissions control devices that meet the standards established by the director of environmental quality.
E. A person who violates this section is subject to a civil penalty of at least one hundred dollars.
F. This section does not apply to an electrically powered motor vehicle.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-955.01 - Motorcycles; noise level equipment; unauthorized equipment

28-955.01.
Motorcycles;  noise level equipment;  unauthorized equipment
A. A person shall not operate or as an owner allow the operation of a motorcycle in this state that is not equipped with the manufacturer's original muffler or other original noise reduction equipment or with a replacement muffler or replacement noise reduction equipment capable of reducing the noise levels below the maximum operating noise levels established pursuant to 40 Code of Federal Regulations section 205.152.
B. A person shall not use a muffler cutout,  bypass or similar device on a motorcycle operated in this state.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-955.03 - Exemption for racing motorcycles; definition

28-955.03.
Exemption for racing motorcycles;  definition
A. Section 28-955.01 does not apply to a racing motorcycle operated in a racing event or in a facility used for a racing event.
B. For the purposes of this section,  " racing motorcycle"  means either:
1. A motorcycle that is intended by the manufacturer to be operated at a facility used for a racing event.
2. A motorcycle that has been modified by the owner to be operated at a facility used for a racing event.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-955.04 - Exhaust system; visual inspection; requirements; civil penalty

28-955.04.
Exhaust system;  visual inspection;  requirements;  civil penalty
A. A commercial motor vehicle that operates in this state shall have an exhaust system that is detectable by a visual inspection and that meets all of the following:
1. Is free from a defect that adversely affects sound reduction.
2. Is equipped with either a muffler or other noise dissipative device.
3. Is not equipped with a cutout,  bypass or similar device.
B. A person who violates this section is subject to a civil penalty of at least five hundred dollars. If the person shows the court that a muffler has been installed or the existing muffler has been serviced to comply with subsection A,  the court may reduce or waive the civil penalty.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-956 - Mirrors; exception

28-956.
Mirrors;  exception
A motor vehicle that is constructed or loaded in a manner that obstructs the driver's view to the rear of the vehicle from the driver's position shall be equipped with two mirrors located in a manner to reflect to the driver a view of the highway for a distance of at least two hundred feet to the rear of the vehicle. This section does not apply to a fully autonomous vehicle that is incapable of operation by a human driver.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-957 - Windshield wipers required; exceptions

28-957.
Windshield wipers required;  exceptions
A. The windshield on a motor vehicle shall be equipped with a device for cleaning rain,  snow or other moisture from the windshield. The device shall be constructed in a manner to be controlled or operated by the driver of the vehicle.
B. A windshield wiper on a motor vehicle shall be maintained in good working order.
C. This section does not apply to a golf cart or a fully autonomous vehicle that is incapable of operation by a human driver.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-957.01 - Windshields required; exceptions

28-957.01.
Windshields required;  exceptions
A. The following vehicles shall be equipped with an adequate windshield:
1. A passenger vehicle,  except a motorcycle,  an all-terrain vehicle and a golf cart manufactured or modified before June 17,  1998.
2. A motor truck or truck tractor,  except fire trucks,  fire engines or other fire apparatus,  whether publicly or privately owned.
B. This section does not apply to any of the following:
1. An implement of husbandry.
2. An antique,  classic or horseless carriage automobile if it was not originally equipped with a windshield.
3. A fully autonomous vehicle that is incapable of operation by a human driver.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-958 - Tire equipment restrictions

28-958.
Tire equipment restrictions
A. A solid rubber tire on a vehicle shall have rubber on its entire traction surface at least one inch thick above the edge of the flange of the entire periphery.
B. A tire on a vehicle that is moved on a highway shall not have on its periphery any block,  stud,  flange,  cleat,  spike or other protuberance that is made of any material other than rubber and that projects beyond the tread of the traction surface of the tire,  except that it is permissible to use:
1. Farm machinery with tires having protuberances that will not injure the highway.
2. Tire chains of reasonable proportions on a vehicle when required for safety because of snow,  ice or other conditions tending to cause a vehicle to skid.
3. From October 1 to May 1 pneumatic tires containing metal type studs of tungsten carbide or other suitable material that are inserted or constructed in a manner so that the number of studs or the percentage of metal in contact with the roadway does not exceed three per cent of the total tire area in contact with the roadway under any conditions.
C. The director and local authorities in their respective jurisdictions may issue special permits authorizing the operation on a highway of traction engines or tractors having movable tracks with transverse corrugations on the periphery of the movable tracks or farm tractors or other farm machinery,  the operation of which on a highway would otherwise be prohibited under this chapter.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-958.01 - Rear fender splash guards

28-958.01.
Rear fender splash guards
A. A person shall not operate a truck,  trailer,  semitrailer or bus on a highway unless the vehicle is equipped with rear fender splash guards that comply with the specifications provided in this section.
B. The splash guards:
1. Shall be attached in a manner that prevents the splashing of mud or water on the windshield of other motor vehicles.
2. Shall extend to a length of not more than eight inches from the ground.
3. Shall be wide enough to cover the full tread or treads of the tires being protected.
4. Shall be installed close enough to the tread surface of the tire or wheel to control the side throw of the bulk of the thrown road surface material.
5. May be constructed of a flexible rubberized material.
6. Shall be attached in a manner that,  regardless of movement either in the splash guards or the vehicle,  the splash guards retain their general parallel relationship to the tread surface of the tire or wheel under all ordinary operating conditions.
C. This section does not apply to:
1. A vehicle commonly known as a pickup truck with a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating of ten thousand pounds or less,  except that this section applies if the pickup truck has been modified from the original bumper height design to raise the center of gravity of the pickup truck.
2. A truck tractor or converter dolly when used in combination with another vehicle.
3. A single,  tandem or triple axle trailer with fenders that are wide enough to cover the full tread or treads of the tires being protected and that extend to a length of not more than fourteen inches from the ground.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-959 - Safety glass required; applicability; denial or suspension of registration; definition

28-959.
Safety glass required;  applicability;  denial or suspension of registration;  definition
A. A person shall not sell and the department shall not register a new motor vehicle as specified in this section unless the vehicle is equipped with safety glass wherever glass is used in doors,  windows and windshields.
B. This section applies to passenger motor vehicles,  other than golf carts,  including passenger buses and school buses. For trucks,  including truck tractors,  the requirements of this section for safety glass apply to all glass used in doors,  windows and windshields in the drivers' compartments of the vehicles.
C. The director shall not register a new motor vehicle unless it is equipped with an approved type of safety glass. The director shall suspend the registration of any motor vehicle that is subject to this section and that the director finds is not equipped with an approved type of safety glass. The suspension shall continue until the motor vehicle is made to conform to the requirements of this section.
D. A person shall not replace glass or glazing materials used in partitions,  doors,  windows,  windshields or wind deflectors in a motor vehicle with a material other than safety glass.
E. For the purposes of this section,  " safety glass"  means a product composed of glass that is manufactured,  fabricated or treated in a manner that substantially prevents shattering and flying of the glass when struck or broken and that meets applicable federal safety standards.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-960 - Flares; warning devices; requirements

28-960.
Flares;  warning devices;  requirements
A. Except as provided in subsection B of this section,  a person shall not operate a motor truck,  passenger bus or truck tractor on a highway outside the corporate limits of a city or town from a half hour after sunset to a half hour before sunrise unless the following equipment is carried in the vehicle:
1. At least three flares or three red electric lanterns that comply with the following:
(a) Each flare or lantern is capable of being seen and distinguished at a distance of five hundred feet under normal atmospheric conditions at nighttime.
(b) Each flare or liquid-burning pot torch is capable of burning for at least twelve hours in five miles per hour wind velocity and capable of burning in any air velocity from zero to forty miles per hour.
(c) Each flare is substantially constructed to withstand reasonable shocks without leaking.
(d) Each flare is carried in the vehicle in a metal rack or box.
(e) Each red electric lantern is capable of operating continuously for at least twelve hours and is substantially constructed to withstand reasonable shock without breakage.
2. At least three red-burning fusees,  unless red electric lanterns are carried,  that are:
(a) Made in accordance with specifications of the bureau of explosives,  30 Vesey Street,  New York City and so marked.
(b) Capable of burning at least fifteen minutes.
3. At least two red cloth flags that are at least twelve inches square and have standards to support the flags.
B. At the time and under the conditions stated in subsection A of this section,  a person shall not operate a motor vehicle used in transporting flammable liquids in bulk or transporting compressed flammable gases,  unless three red electric lanterns meeting the requirements stated in subsection A of this section are carried in the vehicle. A flare,  fusee or signal produced by a flame shall not be carried in a vehicle described in this subsection.
C. A person is in compliance with this section if the person operates a motor vehicle described in this section and carries in the vehicle three portable reflector units that are designed and constructed to meet the requirements of 49 Code of Federal Regulations section 571.125.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-961 - Display of warning devices; disabled vehicle

28-961.
Display of warning devices;  disabled vehicle
A. Except as provided in subsection B of this section,  if a motor truck,  passenger bus,  truck tractor,  trailer,  semitrailer or pole trailer is disabled on the traveled portion of a highway or the shoulder of a highway outside of a city or town at a time when lighted lamps are required on vehicles,  the driver of the vehicle shall display the following warning devices on the highway during the time the vehicle is disabled on the highway:
1. A lighted fusee immediately placed on the roadway at the traffic side of the motor vehicle unless electric lanterns are displayed.
2. Within the burning period of the fusee and as promptly as possible,  three lighted flares or pot torches or three electric lanterns placed on the roadway as follows:
(a) One at a distance of approximately one hundred feet in advance of the vehicle and one at a distance of approximately one hundred feet to the rear of the vehicle,  each in the center of the lane of traffic occupied by the disabled vehicle.
(b) One at the traffic side of the vehicle approximately ten feet rearward or forward of the vehicle.
B. If a vehicle that is used in transporting flammable liquids in bulk or compressed flammable gases is disabled on a highway at a time or place provided in subsection A of this section,  the driver of the vehicle shall display on the roadway the following lighted warning devices:
1. One red electric lantern immediately placed on the roadway at the traffic side of the vehicle.
2. Two other red electric lanterns placed to the front and rear of the vehicle in the same manner prescribed for flares in subsection A of this section.
C. If a vehicle of a type provided in subsection B of this section is disabled,  the use of flares,  fusees or any signal produced by flame as warning signals is prohibited.
D. If a vehicle referred to in this section is disabled on the traveled portion of a highway or the shoulder of a highway outside of a city or town at a time when the display of fusees,  flares or electric lanterns is not required,  the driver of the vehicle shall display two red flags on the roadway in the lane of traffic occupied by the disabled vehicle,  one at a distance of approximately one hundred feet in advance of the vehicle and one at a distance of approximately one hundred feet to the rear of the vehicle.
E. A person is in compliance with this section if three portable reflector units are both:
1. Displayed at the times and under the conditions provided in this section either during the daytime or at nighttime.
2. Placed on the roadway in the locations prescribed by this section for the placing of electric lanterns and lighted flares.
F. The flares,  fusees,  lanterns and flags required in this section shall conform with the requirements of section 28-960 applicable to the flares,  fusees,  lanterns and flags.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-962 - Vehicles transporting explosives; rules

28-962.
Vehicles transporting explosives;  rules
A. A person operating a vehicle transporting an explosive on a highway shall comply at all times with the following provisions:
1. The vehicle shall be placarded in accordance with the placarding requirements specified in 49 Code of Federal Regulations part 172.
2. The vehicle shall be equipped with a fire extinguisher as required in 49 Code of Federal Regulations part 393.
B. The director shall adopt additional rules governing the transportation of explosives and other dangerous articles by vehicles on the highways as the director deems advisable for the protection of the public.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-963 - Image display device; prohibition; exceptions; definition

28-963.
Image display device;  prohibition;  exceptions;  definition
A. While a person is driving a motor vehicle and the motor vehicle is in motion on a public roadway or on an off-highway vehicle trail as defined in section 28-1171,  the person shall not:
1. View a broadcast television image or a visual image from an image display device within the motor vehicle unless the visual image is a static background image or imagery in support of mapping services or applications.
2. Watch a video or movie on a portable wireless communication device or stand-alone electronic device other than watching data related to the navigation of the motor vehicle,  except that a person may view data related to the navigation of the motor vehicle,  vehicle information or information related to driving a motor vehicle.
3. Record or broadcast a video on a portable wireless communication device or stand-alone electronic device,  except that the person may use the devices for the sole purpose of continuously recording or broadcasting video within or outside of the motor vehicle.
B. A person shall not operate a motor vehicle with an image display device that is visible to a driver seated in a normal driving position when the vehicle is in motion.
C. This section does not apply to any of the following:
1. Emergency vehicles.
2. Image display devices that do any of the following:
(a) Display images that provide a driver with navigation and related traffic,  road and weather information.
(b) Provide vehicle information,  controls or information related to driving a vehicle.
(c) Enhance or supplement a driver's view of the area to the front,  rear or side of the vehicle.
(d) Permit a driver to monitor the vehicle occupants seated behind the driver.
(e) Display information intended to enhance traffic safety.
3. Image display devices that are built into the motor vehicle and that do not display images to a driver while the vehicle is in motion.
4. Image display devices that are portable and are not used to display dynamic visual images other than for purposes of navigation or global positioning to a driver while the vehicle is in motion.
5. Image display devices present in vehicles of a public service corporation or any political subdivision of this state and used for service or maintenance of its facilities.
6. Any use of an image display device while the vehicle is parked.
D. For the purposes of this section:
1. " Image display device"  means equipment capable of displaying to the driver of a motor vehicle rapidly changing images that are either of the following:
(a) A broadcast television image or similar entertainment content transmitted by other wireless means to the image display device.
(b) A dynamic visual image,  other than text,  from a digital video disc or other storage device.
2. " Portable wireless communication device"  has the same meaning prescribed in section 28-914.
3. " Stand-alone electronic device"  has the same meaning prescribed in section 28-914.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-964 - Motorcycles; all-terrain vehicles; motor driven cycles; equipment; exception

28-964.
Motorcycles;  all-terrain vehicles;  motor driven cycles;  equipment;  exception
A. An operator or passenger of a motorcycle,  all-terrain vehicle or motor driven cycle who is under eighteen years of age shall wear at all times a protective helmet on the operator's or passenger's head in an appropriate manner. The protective helmet shall be safely secured while the operator or passenger is operating or riding on the motorcycle,  all-terrain vehicle or motor driven cycle. An operator of a motorcycle,  all-terrain vehicle or motor driven cycle shall wear at all times protective glasses,  goggles or a transparent face shield of a type approved by the director unless the motorcycle,  all-terrain vehicle or motor driven cycle is equipped with a protective windshield. This subsection does not apply to electrically powered three wheeled vehicles or three wheeled vehicles on which the operator and passenger ride within an enclosed cab.
B. A motorcycle,  all-terrain vehicle and motor driven cycle shall be equipped with a rearview mirror,  seat and footrests for the operator. A motorcycle,  all-terrain vehicle or motor driven cycle operated with a passenger shall be equipped with a seat and footrests for the passenger.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-965 - Fuel tank caps

28-965.
Fuel tank caps
A person shall not operate a motor vehicle on a highway unless the filling spout for the fuel tank is properly closed by means of a cap or cover composed of a noncombustible material that meets or exceeds applicable federal safety standards. This section does not apply to an electrically powered motor vehicle.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-981 - Vehicle equipment; safety requirement

28-981.
Vehicle equipment;  safety requirement
A. A person shall not drive or move on a highway a motor vehicle,  tow truck,  trailer,  semitrailer or pole trailer or any combination of a motor vehicle,  tow truck,  trailer,  semitrailer or pole trailer unless:
1. The equipment on the vehicle is in good working order and adjustment as required in this chapter.
2. The vehicle is in a safe mechanical condition that does not endanger the driver or other occupant or a person on the highway.
B. The provisions of this article with respect to equipment on vehicles do not apply to trailers used solely in the operation of a farm for the transportation of unprocessed fiber products on the farm or from a farm to a cotton gin,  road machinery,  road rollers,  farm tractors or implements of husbandry when the implement is being incidentally operated or moved on a highway whether as a trailer or self-propelled unit. For the purposes of this subsection,  " incidentally operated or moved on a highway"  means travel between a farm and another part of the same farm,  from one farm to another farm or between a farm and a place of repair,  supply or storage.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-982 - Vehicle and equipment inspection; notice of repair or adjustment

28-982.
Vehicle and equipment inspection;  notice of repair or adjustment
A. If at any time there is reasonable cause to believe that a vehicle is unsafe or is not equipped as required by law or that a vehicle's equipment is not in proper adjustment or repair,  the superintendent of the highway patrol,  members of the highway patrol,  other officers and employees of the department of public safety as the director may designate and any peace officer may require the driver of the vehicle to stop and submit the vehicle to an inspection and such test with reference to the inspection as may be appropriate.
B. If the vehicle is in an unsafe condition or any required part or equipment is not present or is not in proper repair and adjustment,  the officer shall give a written notice to the driver. The officer's department shall retain the original of the notice. The notice shall state:
1. That the vehicle is required to be placed in safe condition and that the vehicle's equipment is required to be properly repaired and adjusted.
2. The particulars with reference to the requirements provided in paragraph 1.
3. That a certificate of correction or adjustment of illegal or faulty equipment shall be obtained within five days.
C. The director of the department of public safety shall prescribe the form of the notice required by this section.