2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 49 - The Environment › § 49-152 - Soil remediation standards; restrictions on property use

49-152.
Soil remediation standards;  restrictions on property use
A. Notwithstanding any other remediation levels established under this title,  the director shall approve remediation levels calculated in accordance with this subsection and shall accomplish the following for remediation of contaminated soil to protect public health and the environment in accordance with the applicable provisions of this title and section 33-434.01:
1. Establish predetermined risk based standards by rule. At a minimum,  separate standards shall be established for residential and nonresidential exposure assumptions. Until risk based remediation standards are formally established by rule,  the director shall establish interim standards adopting:
(a) The Arizona health based guidance levels developed by the department of health services to include a health based standard for total petroleum hydrocarbons as the standards for residential uses.
(b) The guidance levels in subdivision (a) of this paragraph modified to reflect the United States environmental protection agency published assumptions for exposures that are not residential as the standards for nonresidential uses. The initial adoption of these interim standards shall be effective by December 15,  1995 and shall be deemed emergency rules pursuant to section 41-1026.
2. Issue guidance on methods for calculating case-by-case,  site specific risk based remediation levels in accordance with risk assessment methodologies that are accepted in the scientific community and shall not preclude the use of newly developed risk assessment methodologies that are accepted in the scientific community.
B. The owner of a property may elect to remediate the property to meet a site specific residential or nonresidential risk based remediation standard or a predetermined residential or nonresidential risk based remediation standard. The property is suitable for unrestricted use if it has been remediated without the use of engineering or institutional controls to meet either of the following:
1. The predetermined residential risk based remediation standard.
2. A site specific risk based hazard index equal to or less than one or a risk of carcinogenic health effects that is less than or equal to the range of risk levels set forth in 40 Code of Federal Regulations section 300.430(e)(2)(i)(A)(2),  based on residential exposure.
C. If the owner has elected to use an engineering or institutional control to meet the standards prescribed in subsection B of this section,  or if the owner has elected to leave contamination on the property that exceeds the applicable residential standard for the property at a site remediated under programs,  settlements or orders administered by the department under this title,  the owner shall record in each county where the property is located an institutional control that consists of a restrictive covenant that is labeled " declaration of environmental use restriction"  pertaining to the area of the property necessary to protect the public health and the environment. A person who is conducting a remedial action,  remediation,  corrective action or response action that requires an institutional or engineering control and who is not the owner of the property shall obtain written consent from the owner before implementing the institutional control or constructing the engineering control. On implementation of the institutional or engineering control,  the owner shall record a declaration of environmental use restriction in each county where the property is located. If the institutional control or engineering control will affect right-of-way that is owned,  maintained or controlled by a public entity for public benefit,  the person shall also obtain the public entity's written consent before implementing the institutional control or constructing the engineering control. The declaration of environmental use restriction shall limit by legal description:
1. The area of the property where the institutional control or engineering control shall be maintained.
2. The area of the property to be restricted to nonresidential use,  because contamination remains on the property above the standards prescribed in subsection B,  paragraph 1 or 2 of this section.
D. At the written request of the owner of property that is subject to a declaration of environmental use restriction,  the director shall determine whether release or modification of the declaration of environmental use restriction is appropriate. If a release has been requested,  the director shall make this determination within sixty days after the date of the property owner's request. If the director determines that release of the declaration of environmental use restriction is appropriate,  the director shall record in each county where the property is located a notice releasing the declaration of environmental use restriction. The declaration of environmental use restriction is perpetual unless released pursuant to this section. The director shall determine that release of a declaration of environmental use restriction is appropriate if the property has been remediated,  without the use of institutional controls or engineering controls,  to either:
1. Meet predetermined risk based remedial standards for residential exposure assumptions.
2. Present a risk based hazard index equal to or less than one from noncancer health effects and a risk estimate of carcinogenic health effects equal to or less than the range of risk levels set forth in 40 Code of Federal Regulations section 300.430(e)(2)(i)(A)(2).
E. The department shall establish a repository in the department listing sites remediated under programs administered by the department under this title. The repository shall include the name and address of the owner of the property,  when the remediation was conducted,  the legal description and street address of the property,  the applicability of section 33-434.01,  the type of financial assurance mechanism that is being used,  if applicable,  and a description of the purpose of the declaration of environmental use restriction.
F. When recorded,  an owner's declaration of environmental use restriction under subsection B of this section is a covenant that runs with and burdens the property,  binds the owner and the owner's heirs,  successors and assigns and inures to the benefit of the department and the state. If notice of the declaration of environmental use restriction that includes a specific description of the area of the property that is subject to the declaration of environmental use restriction is contained in the repository maintained by the department pursuant to subsection E of this section,  a declaration of environmental use restriction may not be extinguished,  limited or impaired through any of the following:
1. Sale of a real property tax lien.
2. Foreclosure of a tax lien.
3. Foreclosure of any mortgage,  deed of trust or other encumbrance or lien on the property.
4. Adverse possession.
5. Exercise of eminent domain.
6. Application of the doctrine of abandonment,  the doctrine of waiver or any other common law doctrine.
G. Each party to a declaration of environmental use restriction shall incorporate the terms of the declaration of environmental use restriction into any lease,  license or other agreement that is signed by the party and that grants a right with respect to the property that is subject to the declaration of environmental use restriction. The incorporation may be in full or by reference.
H. A declaration of environmental use restriction is sufficient if it contains all of the following information:
1. A legal description and the address of the area of the property that is subject to the declaration.
2. The date that remediation was completed and a map of the area of the property that is subject to the declaration.
3. A description of the environmental contaminants that were the subject of the remediation,  remedial action,  corrective action or response action.
4. A statement that more detailed information is available at the department,  including the address at which that information will be maintained.
5. A notarized signature of a department official indicating approval of the declaration of environmental use restriction.
6. The notarized signature of the owner.
I. If institutional controls are used in addition to a declaration of environmental use restriction to satisfy the requirements of this section,  the declaration of environmental use restriction,  in addition to the information required by subsection H of this section,  shall include all of the following:
1. A statement documenting any requirements for maintenance of the institutional control,  including a description of the institutional control and the reason it must remain in place to protect public health and the environment.
2. A statement indicating that if any person desires to cancel or modify the institutional control in the future,  the person must obtain prior written approval from the department pursuant to this section.
3. A statement acknowledging the department's right of access to the property at all reasonable times to verify that institutional controls are being maintained.
J. If engineering controls are used to satisfy the requirements of this section,  the declaration of environmental use restriction,  in addition to the information required by subsection H of this section,  shall include all of the following:
1. A statement of all requirements for maintenance of the engineering control including a description of the control,  the date it was constructed and the reason it must remain in place to protect public health and the environment.
2. A statement that if any person desires to change the engineering controls in the future that person shall obtain prior written approval from the department.
3. A statement acknowledging the department's right of access to the property at all reasonable times to verify that engineering controls are being maintained.
4. A brief description of the engineering control plan and financial assurance mechanism prescribed by section 49-152.01,  if applicable.
K. When the declaration of environmental use restriction is recorded or modified,  an owner electing to use institutional or engineering controls to satisfy the requirements of this section shall pay the department a fee established by rule. If the control is an institutional control,  the owner shall submit to the department a written report once each calendar year regarding the status of the institutional control. If the control is an engineering control,  the owner shall maintain the engineering control on the property to ensure that it continues to protect public health and the environment and shall inspect each engineering control at least once each calendar year. Within thirty days after each inspection,  the owner shall submit to the department a written report that:
1. Describes the condition of the engineering control.
2. States the nature and cost of all restoration made to the engineering control during the calendar year.
3. Includes current photographs of the engineering control.
4. Describes the status of the financial assurance mechanism prescribed by section 49-152.01,  if applicable,  and a certification that the financial assurance mechanism is being maintained.
L. The department shall provide a copy of the declaration of environmental use restriction to the local jurisdiction with zoning and development plan approval for the property. The receipt of this copy does not create any new obligation or confer additional powers on the local jurisdiction. A declaration of environmental use restriction does not authorize a use of property that is otherwise prohibited by zoning ordinances or other ordinances or laws. A declaration of environmental use restriction may include activity limitations and use restrictions that would otherwise be permitted by zoning ordinances or other ordinances or laws.
M. The department shall adopt rules as necessary to implement this section. These rules may be combined with any rules necessary to implement section 49-158.
N. The department may enter on the property at all reasonable times to assess the condition of each engineering control. When the department enters on property to assess the condition of an engineering control,  the department shall:
1. Provide twenty-four hours' advance notice of the entry to the property owner,  if practicable.
2. Allow the owner or an authorized representative of the owner to accompany the department representative.
3. Present photographic identification on entry of the property.
4. Provide the owner or an authorized representative of the owner with notice of the right to have a duplicate sample or split of any sample taken during the inspection if the duplicate or split of any sample would not prohibit an analysis from being conducted or render an analysis inconclusive.
O. Nothing in this section shall preclude the department from initiating an action under other provisions of state or federal law.