2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 49 - The Environment › § 49-476.01 - Monitoring

49-476.01.
Monitoring
A. The control officer may require,  as specified in subsections B and C of this section,  any source of air contaminants to monitor,  sample or perform other studies to quantify emissions of air contaminants or levels of air pollution that may reasonably be attributable to that source,  if the control officer either:
1. Determines that monitoring,  sampling or other studies are necessary to determine the effects of the facility on levels of air pollution.
2. Has reasonable cause to believe a violation of this article,  rules adopted pursuant to this article or a permit issued pursuant to this article has been committed.
3. Determines that those studies or data are necessary to accomplish the purposes of this article,  and that the monitoring,  sampling or other studies by the source are necessary in order to assess the impact of the source on the emission of air contaminants.
B. The board of supervisors shall adopt rules requiring sources of air contaminants to monitor,  sample or otherwise quantify their emissions or air pollution that may reasonably be attributable to such sources for air contaminants for which ambient air quality standards or emission standards or design,  equipment,  work practice or operational standards have been adopted pursuant to section 49-424 or section 49-425,  subsection A. In the development of the rules,  the board shall consider the cost and effectiveness of the monitoring,  sampling or other studies.
C. For those sources of air contaminants for which rules are not required to be adopted pursuant to subsection B of this section,  the control officer may require a source of air contaminants,  by permit or order,  to perform monitoring,  sampling or other quantification of its emissions or air pollution that may reasonably be attributed to such a source. Before requiring such monitoring,  sampling or other quantification by permit or order,  the control officer shall consider the relative cost and accuracy of any alternatives that may be reasonable under the circumstances such as emission factors,  modeling,  mass balance analyses or emissions projections. The control officer may require such monitoring,  sampling or other quantification by permit or order if the control officer determines in writing that all of the following conditions are met:
1. The actual or potential emissions of air pollution may adversely affect public health or the environment.
2. An adequate scientific basis for the monitoring,  sampling or quantification method exists.
3. The monitoring,  sampling or quantification method is technically feasible for the subject contaminant and the source.
4. The monitoring,  sampling or quantification method is reasonably accurate.
5. The cost of the method is reasonable in light of the use to be made of the data.
D. In determining the frequency and duration of monitoring,  sampling or quantification of emissions under subsection B and C of this section,  the control officer shall consider the five factors prescribed in subsection C of this section and the level of emissions from the source.
E. Orders issued or permit conditions imposed pursuant to this section shall be appealable to the hearing board in the same manner as that prescribed for orders of abatement in section 49-490 and for permit conditions in section 49-482.