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2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-702.01 - Waste of a finite resource; civil penalties; urbanized areas; definition

28-702.01.
Waste of a finite resource;  civil penalties;  urbanized areas;  definition
A. If the maximum speed limit on a public highway in this state is at least thirty miles per hour in an area that is outside of an urbanized area,  a person shall not drive a motor vehicle at a speed in excess of the posted speed limit on that highway. If the maximum speed limit on a public highway in this state is at least forty miles per hour in an urbanized area,  a person shall not drive a motor vehicle at a speed in excess of the posted speed limit on that highway. If the speed at which the person is alleged to have driven as provided in section 28-707,  subsection A or the speed at which the court finds the person drove is not more than ten miles per hour in excess of the posted speed limit,  the offense may be designated as the waste of a finite resource and is a civil traffic violation subject to subsection B of this section.
B. If a person is found responsible for a civil traffic violation pursuant to subsection A of this section:
1. A department or agency of this state shall not consider the violation for the purpose of determining whether the person's driver license should be suspended or revoked and a court shall not transmit abstracts of records of judgment for the violation to the department.
2. An insurer shall not consider the violation as a moving traffic violation against the person for the purpose of establishing rates of motor vehicle insurance charged by the insurer and shall not cancel or refuse to renew a policy of insurance because of the violation.
3. The civil penalty shall not exceed $15 plus the surcharges imposed pursuant to sections 12-116.01 and 12-116.02.
4. A report shall not be made under section 28-1559,  subsection B.
C. If the maximum speed limit on a public highway in this state is at least thirty miles per hour in an area that is outside of an urbanized area,  a person shall not drive a motor vehicle at a speed in excess of the posted speed limit on that highway. If the maximum speed limit on a public highway in this state is at least forty miles per hour in an urbanized area,  a person shall not drive a motor vehicle at a speed in excess of the posted speed limit on that highway. If the speed at which the person is alleged to have driven as provided in section 28-707,  subsection A or the speed at which the court finds the person drove is more than ten miles per hour in excess of the posted speed limit,  the offense is designated as a civil traffic violation and the person is subject to a civil penalty of not more than the amount provided in section 28-1598.
D. For the purposes of this section,  " urbanized area"  has the same meaning prescribed in section 28-702.04.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-702.03 - Maximum speed limit violation on interstate highway system in another state; effect

28-702.03.
Maximum speed limit violation on interstate highway system in another state;  effect
If a resident of this state is convicted of violating the maximum speed limit of fifty-five miles per hour on the interstate system highways of another state and the speed at which the person is alleged to have driven is sixty-five miles per hour or less:
1. A department or agency of this state shall not consider the violation for the purpose of determining whether the person's driver license should be suspended or revoked.
2. An insurer shall not consider the violation as a moving traffic violation against the person for the purpose of establishing rates of motor vehicle insurance charged by the insurer,  and the insurer shall not cancel or refuse to renew a policy of insurance because of the violation.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-702.04 - Maximum speed limit on interstate highways outside urbanized areas and within certain counties; definition

28-702.04.
Maximum speed limit on interstate highways outside urbanized areas and within certain counties;  definition
A. Except as provided in subsections C and D of this section,  the speed limit for all types of motor vehicles is sixty-five miles per hour on the interstate system highways located outside of an urbanized area with a population of fifty thousand or more persons,  except that the director may declare a lower speed limit on the highways pursuant to section 28-702.
B. A person shall not drive a motor vehicle at a speed in excess of the maximum speed limit prescribed by this section.
C. The director may order the increase of the maximum speed limit prescribed in subsection A of this section to seventy-five miles per hour on an individual interstate system highway subject to this section or on all of the interstate system highways in this state as prescribed in section 28-702.
D. The speed limit for all types of motor vehicles is at least sixty-five miles per hour on the interstate system highways located in a county that has a population of three million or more persons unless all of the following apply:
1. A reduction in the speed limit for operational efficiency is necessary as determined by a department-approved third-party engineering study or road safety assessment.
2. An opportunity for public input is provided.
3. The overall system capacity and transportation mobility will not be reduced.
E. A violation of this section is a civil traffic violation,  and the person is subject to a civil penalty that does not exceed the amount provided by section 28-1598.
F. For the purposes of this section,  " urbanized area"  means an urbanized area as defined in the decennial census by the United States bureau of the census.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-703 - Alteration of speed limits by local authority

28-703.
Alteration of speed limits by local authority
A. If a local authority determines on the basis of an engineering and traffic investigation that the maximum speed permitted under this article is greater or less than is reasonable or safe under the conditions found to exist on any part of a street or highway in its jurisdiction,  the local authority may determine and declare a reasonable and safe maximum speed limit at the location and,  based on the investigation,  may:
1. Decrease the limit at intersections.
2. Increase the limit within any business or residence district to not more than sixty-five miles per hour.
3. Decrease the limit outside any business or residence district.
4. Increase or decrease the limit on streets that are adjacent to or otherwise surrounding school grounds or public parks.
B. A local authority shall determine by an engineering and traffic investigation the proper maximum speed for all arterial streets in its jurisdiction and shall declare a reasonable and safe maximum limit on the arterial streets in its jurisdiction that may be more or less than the maximum speed permitted under this article for a business or residence district.
C. A local authority may decrease the limit to not less than fifteen miles per hour on an unpaved street or road within any district in its jurisdiction if the local authority determines that the limit is necessary to achieve or maintain national ambient air quality standards.
D. An altered limit established as provided for in this section is effective at all times,  or during hours of darkness,  or at other times as may be determined if appropriate signs giving notice of the altered limit are erected on the street or highway.
E. The alteration of maximum speed limits on state highways or extensions of state highways in a municipality by a local authority is not effective until the director approves the alteration.
F. A local authority shall not make more than six alterations per mile along a street or highway pursuant to this section,  except for reduced limits at intersections. The difference between adjacent limits shall not be more than ten miles per hour except for school crossings.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-703.01 - End of speed zone; signs required

28-703.01.
End of speed zone;  signs required
The agency or authority establishing a speed zone under section 28-702 or 28-703 is responsible for erecting:
1. At the beginning of each zone a sign designating the maximum allowable speed within the zone.
2. At the end of each zone a sign bearing either the legend " resume speed"  or setting forth the new maximum speed limit.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-704 - Minimum speed limits; requirement to turn off roadway

28-704.
Minimum speed limits;  requirement to turn off roadway
A. A person shall not drive a motor vehicle at such a slow speed as to impede or block the normal and reasonable movement of traffic except when either of the following applies:
1. Reduced speed is necessary for safe operation or in compliance with law.
2. The reasonable flow of traffic exceeds the maximum safe operating speed of a lawfully operated implement of husbandry.
B. If the director or local authorities within their respective jurisdictions determine on the basis of an engineering and traffic investigation that slow speeds on any part of a highway consistently impede the normal and reasonable movement of traffic,  the director or local authority may determine and declare a minimum speed limit below which a person shall not drive a vehicle except when necessary for safe operation or in compliance with law.
C. If a person is driving a vehicle at a speed less than the normal flow of traffic at the particular time and place on a two-lane highway where passing is unsafe and if five or more vehicles are formed in a line behind the vehicle,  the person shall turn the vehicle off the roadway at the nearest place designated as a turnout by signs erected by the director or a local authority,  or wherever sufficient area for a safe turnout exists,  in order to allow the vehicles following to proceed. For the purposes of this subsection:
1. " Turnout"  means a widened place in the street for vehicles to pass each other or temporarily park and includes a right turn lane.
2. " Vehicle" :
(a) Means a device in,  on or by which a person or property is or may be transported or drawn on a public highway.
(b) Includes all of the following:
(i) Electric bicycles,  electric miniature scooters,  electric standup scooters and devices moved by human power.
(ii) Personal delivery devices.
(iii) Personal mobile cargo carrying devices.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-705 - Special speed limitation; motor driven cycles

28-705.
Special speed limitation;  motor driven cycles
A person shall not operate a motor driven cycle at any time provided in section 28-922 at a speed of more than thirty-five miles per hour unless the motor driven cycle is equipped with a head lamp or head lamps that are adequate to reveal a person or vehicle at a distance of three hundred feet ahead.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-706 - Special speed limitations

28-706.
Special speed limitations
A. A person shall not drive a vehicle equipped with solid rubber or cushion tires at a speed of more than ten miles per hour.
B. A person shall not drive a vehicle over any bridge or other elevated structure constituting a part of a highway at a speed that is greater than the maximum speed that can be maintained with safety to the bridge or structure if the structure is signposted as provided in this section.
C. On request from any local authority or on the director's own initiative,  the director may conduct an investigation of any bridge or other elevated structure constituting a part of a highway. If the director finds that the structure cannot safely withstand vehicles traveling at the speed otherwise permissible under this article,  the director shall:
1. Determine and declare the maximum speed of vehicles that the structure can withstand.
2. Cause or permit suitable signs stating the maximum speed to be erected and maintained at a distance of three hundred feet before each end of the structure.
D. At the trial of a person charged with a violation of this section,  proof of a determination of the maximum speed by the director and the existence of the signs are conclusive evidence of the maximum speed that can be maintained with safety to the bridge or structure.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-707 - Charging speed violation; burden of proof; findings

28-707.
Charging speed violation;  burden of proof;  findings
A. In a charge of violating a speed restriction in this article,  the complaint shall specify all of the following:
1. The speed at which the defendant is alleged to have driven and the maximum speed applicable within the district or at the location.
2. The identification of the defendant.
3. The date and time of the alleged violation.
4. The location of the alleged violation.
B. The provision of this article declaring maximum speed limitations does not relieve the plaintiff in any civil action,  other than a civil action to impose a civil penalty,  from the burden of proving negligence on the part of the defendant as the proximate cause of an accident.
C. If a person is charged with a criminal offense,  except for excessive speed under section 28-701.02,  or cited for a civil traffic violation under this article and if the person is operating a commercial motor vehicle as defined in section 28-3001,  the court,  on conviction of the offense or on adjudication of the civil traffic complaint,  shall make a finding based on either an admission or the evidence as to whether the speed that the vehicle was operated was fifteen miles per hour or more over the speed limit.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-709 - Maximum speed limit for large vehicles and vehicles with trailers

28-709.
Maximum speed limit for large vehicles and vehicles with trailers
A. Unless a lower maximum speed limit is posted or the department designates a greater maximum speed limit pursuant to subsection B of this section,  a person shall not drive either of the following on a highway in this state at a speed that is greater than sixty-five miles per hour:
1. A motor vehicle or vehicle combination with a declared gross weight of more than twenty-six thousand pounds,  excluding a motor vehicle designed for carrying sixteen or more passengers,  including the driver. For the purposes of this paragraph,  " declared gross weight"  and " vehicle combination"  have the same meaning prescribed in section 28-5431.
2. A vehicle that is drawing a pole trailer that weighs six thousand or more pounds.
B. If the department determines on the basis of an engineering and traffic investigation of a highway under its jurisdiction that the designation of a maximum speed limit for vehicles prescribed in subsection A of this section that is greater than sixty-five miles per hour would facilitate the safe and orderly movement of traffic,  the department may designate such a maximum speed for travel of those vehicles and shall erect signs at reasonable intervals giving notice of the speed limitation.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-721 - Driving on right side of roadway; driving on shoulder; exceptions; education

28-721.
Driving on right side of roadway;  driving on shoulder;  exceptions;  education
A. On all roadways of sufficient width,  a person shall drive a vehicle on the right half of the roadway except as follows:
1. When overtaking and passing another vehicle proceeding in the same direction under the rules governing the movement.
2. When the right half of a roadway is closed to traffic while under construction or repair.
3. On a roadway divided into three marked lanes for traffic under the rules applicable on the roadway.
4. On a roadway designated and signposted for one-way traffic.
B. On all roadways,  a person driving a vehicle proceeding at less than the normal speed of traffic at the time and place and under the conditions then existing shall drive the vehicle in the right-hand lane then available for traffic or as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway,  except when overtaking and passing another vehicle proceeding in the same direction or when preparing for a left turn at an intersection or into a private road or driveway.
C. In an age restricted community that is located in an unincorporated area of a county with a population of more than three million persons,  a person may drive a golf cart or a neighborhood electric vehicle on a paved shoulder that is adjacent to a roadway or as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of a paved roadway if there is no delineated paved shoulder.
D. Defensive driving school courses that are offered by defensive driving schools operated pursuant to chapter 8,  article 7 of this title and traffic survival schools operated pursuant to chapter 8,  article 7.1 of this title shall include educational information relating to subsections A and B of this section. The department shall include information relating to subsections A and B of this section in any of the department's examination,  information and education materials.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-722 - Passing vehicles proceeding in opposite directions

28-722.
Passing vehicles proceeding in opposite directions
Drivers of vehicles proceeding in opposite directions shall pass each other to the right,  and on roadways having width for not more than one line of traffic in each direction,  each driver shall give to the other driver at least one-half of the main traveled portion of the roadway as nearly as possible.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-723 - Overtaking a vehicle on the left

28-723.
Overtaking a vehicle on the left
The following rules govern the overtaking and passing of vehicles proceeding in the same direction:
1. The driver of a vehicle overtaking another vehicle proceeding in the same direction shall pass to the left of the vehicle at a safe distance and shall not again drive to the right side of the roadway until safely clear of the overtaken vehicle. Except as provided in section 28-903,  the driver may overtake and pass a golf cart or neighborhood electric vehicle pursuant to this paragraph even if the driver's vehicle shares a lane with the golf cart or neighborhood electric vehicle when the overtaking and passing occur.
2. Except when overtaking and passing on the right is permitted,  the driver of an overtaken vehicle shall give way to the right in favor of the overtaking vehicle on audible signal or blinking of head lamps at nighttime and shall not increase the speed of the overtaken vehicle until completely passed by the overtaking vehicle.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-724 - Overtaking on the right

28-724.
Overtaking on the right
A. The driver of a vehicle may overtake and pass on the right of another vehicle only under the following conditions:
1. When the vehicle overtaken is making or about to make a left turn.
2. On a street or highway with unobstructed pavement that is not occupied by parked vehicles and that is of sufficient width for two or more lines of moving vehicles in each direction.
3. On a one-way street or on a roadway on which traffic is restricted to one direction of movement and if the roadway is free from obstructions and of sufficient width for two or more lines of moving vehicles.
B. The driver of a vehicle may overtake and pass another vehicle on the right only under conditions permitting the movement in safety. The driver shall not make the movement by driving off the pavement or main traveled portion of the roadway.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-725 - Limitations on overtaking on the left

28-725.
Limitations on overtaking on the left
A person shall not drive a vehicle to the left side of the center of the roadway in overtaking and passing another vehicle proceeding in the same direction unless the left side is clearly visible and is free of oncoming traffic for a sufficient distance ahead to permit the overtaking and passing to be completed without interfering with the safe operation of any vehicle approaching from the opposite direction or any vehicle overtaken. The overtaking vehicle shall return to the right-hand side of the roadway before coming within one hundred feet of any vehicle approaching from the opposite direction.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-726 - Limitations on driving to left of roadway center

28-726.
Limitations on driving to left of roadway center
A. A person shall not drive a vehicle to the left side of the roadway under the following conditions:
1. When approaching the crest of a grade or on a curve in the highway where the driver's view is obstructed within such distance as to create a hazard in the event another vehicle might approach from the opposite direction.
2. When approaching within one hundred feet of or traversing any intersection or railroad grade crossing or where appropriate signs or markings have been installed to define a no passing zone.
3. When the view is obstructed on approaching within one hundred feet of any bridge,  viaduct or tunnel.
B. The limitations provided in this section do not apply on a one-way roadway.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-727 - No passing zones

28-727.
No passing zones
The director may determine those portions of a highway where overtaking and passing or driving to the left of the roadway would be especially hazardous and may indicate the beginning and end of the zones by appropriate signs or markings on the roadway. When the signs or markings are in place and clearly visible to an ordinarily observant person,  every driver of a vehicle shall obey the directions of the signs or markings.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-728 - One-way roadways and rotary traffic islands

28-728.
One-way roadways and rotary traffic islands
A. The director may designate any highway or any separate roadway under the director's jurisdiction for one-way traffic and shall erect appropriate signs giving notice of one-way traffic.
B. On a roadway designated and signposted for one-way traffic,  a person shall drive a vehicle only in the direction designated.
C. A person shall drive a vehicle passing around a rotary traffic island only to the right of the island.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-729 - Driving on roadways laned for traffic

28-729.
Driving on roadways laned for traffic
If a roadway is divided into two or more clearly marked lanes for traffic,  the following rules in addition to all others consistent with this section apply:
1. Except as provided in sections 28-778 and 28-903,  a person shall drive a vehicle as nearly as practicable entirely within a single lane and shall not move the vehicle from that lane until the driver has first ascertained that the movement can be made with safety.
2. On a roadway that is divided into three lanes,  a person shall not drive a vehicle in the center lane except when overtaking and passing another vehicle where the roadway is clearly visible and the center lane is clear of traffic within a safe distance,  or in preparation for a left turn or where the center lane is at the time allocated exclusively to traffic moving in the direction the vehicle is proceeding and is signposted to give notice of the allocation.
3. Official signs may be erected directing slow-moving traffic to use a designated lane or designating those lanes to be used by traffic moving in a particular direction regardless of the center of the roadway,  and drivers of vehicles shall obey the directions of every sign.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-730 - Following too closely

28-730.
Following too closely
A. The driver of a motor vehicle shall not follow another vehicle more closely than is reasonable and prudent and shall have due regard for the speed of the vehicles on,  the traffic on and the condition of the highway.
B. The driver of a motor truck or motor vehicle that is drawing another vehicle when traveling on a roadway outside of a business or residence district and that is following another motor truck or motor vehicle drawing another vehicle shall leave,  if conditions permit,  sufficient space so that an overtaking vehicle may enter and occupy the space without danger. This subsection does not prevent a motor truck or motor vehicle drawing another vehicle from overtaking and passing any like vehicle or other vehicles.
C. A person who is driving a motor vehicle in a caravan or motorcade on a roadway outside of a business or residence district,  whether or not towing other vehicles,  shall allow sufficient space between each vehicle or combination of vehicles to enable any other vehicle to enter and occupy the space without danger. This subsection does not apply to funeral processions.
D. This section does not apply to a demonstration project that the department of transportation conducts if both of the following apply:
1. The demonstration project is on a state highway.
2. The director consults with the department of public safety before the demonstration project is implemented.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-731 - Driving on divided highways

28-731.
Driving on divided highways
If a highway is divided into two roadways by leaving an intervening space or by a physical barrier or clearly indicated dividing section constructed to impede vehicular traffic,  a person shall drive a vehicle only on the right-hand roadway and shall not drive a vehicle over,  across or within the dividing space,  barrier or section,  except through an opening in the physical barrier or dividing section or space or at a crossover or intersection established by public authority.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-733 - Restrictions on use of controlled access highway

28-733.
Restrictions on use of controlled access highway
A. The director may,  and local authorities by ordinance may,  prohibit the use of any part of a controlled access highway under their respective jurisdictions by pedestrians,  bicycles or other nonmotorized traffic or by any person operating a motor driven cycle.
B. The director or the local authority adopting the prohibition prescribed in subsection A shall erect and maintain official signs on the applicable controlled access highway. When the signs are erected,  a person shall not disobey the restrictions stated on the signs.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-735 - Overtaking bicycles; civil penalties

28-735.
Overtaking bicycles;  civil penalties
A. When overtaking and passing a bicycle proceeding in the same direction,  a person driving a motor vehicle shall exercise due care by leaving a safe distance between the motor vehicle and the bicycle of not less than three feet until the motor vehicle is safely past the overtaken bicycle.
B. If a person violates this section and the violation results in a collision causing:
1. Serious physical injury as defined in section 13-105 to another person,  the violator is subject to a civil penalty of up to five hundred dollars.
2. Death to another person,  the violator is subject to a civil penalty of up to one thousand dollars.
C. Subsection B of this section does not apply to a bicyclist who is injured in a vehicular traffic lane when a designated bicycle lane or path is present and passable.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-736 - Use of highway lanes; restrictions

28-736.
Use of highway lanes;  restrictions
A. If the department or a local authority determines on the basis of an engineering and traffic investigation of a highway under its jurisdiction that the designation of a specific lane or lanes for travel of the vehicles prescribed in subsection B of this section would facilitate the safe and orderly movement of traffic,  the department or local authority may designate a specific lane or lanes for the travel of those vehicles and shall erect signs at reasonable intervals giving notice of those lanes.
B. The following vehicles shall be driven in the lane or lanes designated pursuant to subsection A of this section if signs are erected giving notice of that designation:
1. A motor vehicle or vehicle combination with a declared gross weight of more than twenty-six thousand pounds,  excluding a motor vehicle designed for carrying sixteen or more passengers,  including the driver. For the purposes of this paragraph,  " declared gross weight"  and " vehicle combination"  have the same meaning prescribed in section 28-5431.
2. A vehicle that is drawing a pole trailer that weighs six thousand or more pounds.
C. This section does not apply to a driver who is preparing for a left-hand or right-hand turn,  who is entering or exiting a highway or who must necessarily drive in a lane other than the designated lane to continue on the driver's intended route.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-737 - High occupancy vehicle lanes; civil penalty; definition

28-737.
High occupancy vehicle lanes;  civil penalty;  definition
A. Except as provided in sections 28-2416 and 28-2416.01 and subsection B of this section,  a person shall not drive a vehicle carrying fewer than two persons,  including the driver,  in a high occupancy vehicle lane at any time the use of the high occupancy vehicle lane is restricted to vehicles carrying two or more persons,  including the driver.
B. Subsection A does not apply to any of the following:
1. During the performance of a tow truck operator's duties,  a tow truck operator driving a tow truck.
2. A person driving a motorcycle.
3. A person driving a public transportation vehicle.
4. An authorized emergency vehicle as defined in section 28-101 that is in use by a first responder in the line of duty.
C. A person who violates subsection A of this section is subject to a civil penalty of two hundred dollars.
D. Notwithstanding section 28-1554,  one hundred dollars of each civil penalty collected pursuant to subsection C of this section shall be deposited in the state general fund.
E. For the purposes of this section,  " public transportation vehicle"  means any vehicle that provides a public entity's public transportation service and either:
1. Is owned or operated by the public entity.
2. Is operated under a contract with the public entity.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-751 - Required position and method of turning

28-751.
Required position and method of turning
The driver of a vehicle intending to turn shall do so as follows:
1. Right turns. Both the approach for a right turn and a right turn shall be made as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway.
2. Left turns. The driver of a vehicle intending to turn left shall approach the turn in the extreme left-hand lane lawfully available to traffic moving in the direction of travel of the vehicle. If practicable the driver shall make the left turn from the left of the center of the intersection and shall make the turn to the left lane immediately available for the driver's direction of traffic.
3. The director or local authorities in their respective jurisdictions may cause markers,  buttons or signs to be placed and may require and direct that a different course from that specified in this section be traveled by vehicles turning at an intersection. When markers,  buttons or signs are so placed,  a driver of a vehicle shall not turn a vehicle other than as directed and required by the markers,  buttons or signs.
4. Two-way left turn lanes. If a special lane for making left turns by drivers proceeding in opposite directions has been indicated by official traffic control devices:
(a) A driver shall not make a left turn from any other lane.
(b) A driver shall not drive a vehicle in the lane except if preparing for or making a left turn from or into the roadway or if preparing for or making a u-turn if otherwise permitted by law.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-754 - Turning movements and required signals

28-754.
Turning movements and required signals
A. A person shall not turn a vehicle at an intersection unless the vehicle is in proper position on the roadway as required in section 28-751,  or turn a vehicle to enter a private road or driveway or otherwise turn a vehicle from a direct course or move right or left on a roadway unless and until the movement can be made with reasonable safety. A person shall not so turn any vehicle without giving an appropriate signal in the manner provided by this article in the event any other traffic may be affected by the movement.
B. A signal of intention to turn right or left when required shall be given continuously during not less than the last one hundred feet traveled by the vehicle before turning.
C. A person shall not stop or suddenly decrease the speed of a vehicle without first giving an appropriate signal in the manner provided by this article to the driver of any vehicle immediately to the rear when there is opportunity to give the signal.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-755 - Hand or arm signals or mechanical signal

28-755.
Hand or arm signals or mechanical signal
A person shall give a stop or turn signal if required by this article by means of the hand and arm or by a signal lamp or lamps or mechanical signal. If a vehicle is constructed or loaded so that a hand and arm signal would not be visible both to the front and rear of the vehicle,  the signals must be given by a lamp or lamps or signal device.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-756 - Method of giving hand and arm signals

28-756.
Method of giving hand and arm signals
A. Except as provided by subsection B,  a person shall give all hand and arm signals required by this article from the left side of the vehicle in the following manner,  and the signals shall indicate as follows:
1. Left turn. Hand and arm extended horizontally.
2. Right turn. Hand and arm extended upward.
3. Stop or decrease speed. Hand and arm extended downward.
B. A person operating a bicycle may give a right turn signal by extending the right hand and arm horizontally to the right side of the bicycle.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-771 - Vehicle at intersection; exception; entering freeway

28-771.
Vehicle at intersection;  exception;  entering freeway
A. When two vehicles enter or approach an intersection from different streets or highways at approximately the same time,  the driver of the vehicle on the left shall yield the right-of-way to the vehicle on the right. This subsection does not apply to vehicles approaching or entering an uncontrolled " T"  intersection if the vehicle on the left is on a continuing street or highway and the vehicle on the right is on the terminating street or highway. The vehicle on the terminating street or highway shall yield to the vehicle on the continuing street or highway.
B. The right-of-way rule prescribed in subsection A of this section is modified at through highways and otherwise as stated in this article.
C. Intersecting road crossings between the main roadway of a freeway and acceleration lanes,  ramps or any other approach roads are not intersections as defined in section 28-601,  and subsection A of this section does not control questions of right-of-way at the crossings. A vehicle entering a freeway from an acceleration lane,  a ramp or any other approach road shall yield the right-of-way to a vehicle on the main roadway of the freeway entering the merging area at the same time.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-777 - Golf carts and neighborhood electric vehicles; vehicles turning right

28-777.
Golf carts and neighborhood electric vehicles;  vehicles turning right
A person driving a golf cart or a neighborhood electric vehicle pursuant to section 28-721,  subsection C shall yield the right-of-way to a vehicle that is traveling in the same direction and that is intending to turn to the right.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-778 - Roundabouts; large trucks; definitions

28-778.
Roundabouts;  large trucks;  definitions
A. The operator of a vehicle or combination of vehicles with a total length of a least forty feet or a total width of at least ten feet,  with due regard for all other traffic,  may deviate from the lane in which the operator is driving to the extent necessary to approach and drive through a roundabout.
B. When approaching or driving through a roundabout,  a person who is driving a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way to the operator who is driving a vehicle or combination of vehicles with a total length of at least forty feet or a total width of at least ten feet through the roundabout at the same time or so closely in time as to present an immediate hazard and shall slow down or stop if necessary to yield. This subsection does not require a person who is driving a vehicle through a roundabout to yield the right-of-way to the operator of a vehicle or combination of vehicles with a total length of at least forty feet or a total width of at least ten feet that is approaching the roundabout.
C. If two vehicles or combination of vehicles each having a total length of at least forty feet or a total width of at least ten feet approach or drive through a roundabout at the same time or so closely in time as to present an immediate hazard,  the driver on the right shall yield the right-of-way to the driver on the left and shall slow down or stop if necessary to yield.
D. The director or local jurisdiction,  on highways under the applicable jurisdiction,  shall post signs at all roundabouts,  whether constructed before,  on or after October 30,  2023. The signs shall include both of the following:
1. A yield sign before the roundabout entrance.
2. A sign,  as outlined in subsection E of this section,  before the roundabout entrance.
E. The department shall:
1. Design a uniform and standard sign to convey the information that large trucks have the right-of-way or that vehicles should yield to large trucks in a roundabout.
2. Develop a uniform standard by which the sign is to be displayed along with the standard yield sign.
F. For the purposes of this section:
1. " Collector street"  means a street that serves or is intended to serve as the principal traffic way between large and separated areas or districts and that is the main means of access between arterial streets or as otherwise defined in a local jurisdiction's transportation plan.
2. " Local road"  means a street that is usually in a residential area and that provides connectivity between a collector street and an arterial street for local traffic or as otherwise defined in a local jurisdiction's transportation plan.
3. " Roundabout" :
(a) Means a circular intersection or junction in which road traffic flows almost continuously in one direction around a central island.
(b) For the purposes of subsection D of this section,  does not include an intersection or junction that is located on a local road or a collector street.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-791 - Pedestrians subject to traffic rules

28-791.
Pedestrians subject to traffic rules
A. Pedestrians are subject to traffic control signals at intersections as provided in section 28-645 unless required by local ordinance to comply strictly with the signals. At all places other than intersections,  pedestrians are accorded the privileges and are subject to the restrictions stated in this article.
B. A local authority may require by ordinance that pedestrians strictly comply with the directions of an official traffic control signal and may prohibit by ordinance pedestrians from crossing a roadway in a business district or crossing a designated highway except in a crosswalk.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-792 - Right-of-way at crosswalk

28-792.
Right-of-way at crosswalk
A. Except as provided in section 28-793,  subsection B,  if traffic control signals are not in place or are not in operation,  the driver of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way,  slowing down or stopping if need be in order to yield,  to a pedestrian crossing the roadway within a crosswalk when the pedestrian is on the half of the roadway on which the vehicle is traveling or when the pedestrian is approaching so closely from the opposite half of the roadway as to be in danger. A pedestrian shall not suddenly leave any curb or other place of safety and walk or run into the path of a vehicle that is so close that it is impossible for the driver to yield.
B. If a vehicle is stopped at a marked crosswalk or at an unmarked crosswalk at an intersection to permit a pedestrian to cross the roadway,  the driver of another vehicle approaching from the rear shall not overtake and pass the stopped vehicle.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-793 - Crossing at other than crosswalk

28-793.
Crossing at other than crosswalk
A. A pedestrian crossing a roadway at any point other than within a marked crosswalk or within an unmarked crosswalk at an intersection shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles on the roadway.
B. A pedestrian crossing a roadway at a point where a pedestrian tunnel or overhead pedestrian crossing has been provided shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles on the roadway.
C. Between adjacent intersections at which traffic control signals are in operation,  pedestrians shall not cross at any place except in a marked crosswalk.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-794 - Drivers to exercise due care

28-794.
Drivers to exercise due care
Notwithstanding the provisions of this chapter every driver of a vehicle shall:
1. Exercise due care to avoid colliding with any pedestrian on any roadway.
2. Give warning by sounding the horn when necessary.
3. Exercise proper precaution on observing a child or a confused or incapacitated person on a roadway.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-796 - Pedestrian on roadways

28-796.
Pedestrian on roadways
A. If sidewalks are provided,  a pedestrian shall not walk along and on an adjacent roadway.
B. If sidewalks are not provided,  a pedestrian walking along and on a highway shall walk when practicable only on the left side of the roadway or its shoulder facing traffic that may approach from the opposite direction.
C. A person shall not stand in a roadway for the purpose of soliciting a ride from the driver of a vehicle.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-811 - Parent and guardian responsibility; applicability of article

28-811.
Parent and guardian responsibility;  applicability of article
A. The parent of a child and the guardian of a ward shall not authorize or knowingly permit the child or ward to violate this chapter.
B. Except as otherwise provided in this article,  this chapter applies to a bicycle when it is operated on a highway or on a path set aside for the exclusive use of bicycles.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-812 - Applicability of traffic laws to bicycle riders

28-812.
Applicability of traffic laws to bicycle riders
A. A person riding a bicycle on a roadway or on a shoulder adjoining a roadway is granted all of the rights and is subject to all of the duties applicable to the driver of a vehicle by this chapter and chapters 4 and 5 of this title,  except special rules in this article and except provisions of this chapter and chapters 4 and 5 of this title that by their nature can have no application.
B. If a person is found responsible for a civil traffic violation resulting from operating a bicycle:
1. A department or agency of this state may not consider the violation for the purpose of determining whether the person's driver license should be suspended or revoked. A court may not transmit an abstract of the record of the violation to the department of transportation.
2. An insurer may not consider the violation as a moving traffic violation against the person for the purpose of establishing rates for motor vehicle liability insurance or determining the insurability of the person. An insurer may not cancel or refuse to renew an insurance policy because of the violation.
3. A report may not be made under section 28-1559,  subsection B.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-815 - Riding on roadway and bicycle path; bicycle path usage

28-815.
Riding on roadway and bicycle path;  bicycle path usage
A. A person riding a bicycle on a roadway at less than the normal speed of traffic at the time and place and under the conditions then existing shall ride as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway,  except under any of the following situations:
1. If overtaking and passing another bicycle or vehicle proceeding in the same direction.
2. If preparing for a left turn at an intersection or into a private road or driveway.
3. If reasonably necessary to avoid conditions,  including fixed or moving objects,  parked or moving vehicles,  bicycles,  pedestrians,  animals or surface hazards.
4. If the lane in which the person is operating the bicycle is too narrow for a bicycle and a vehicle to travel safely side by side within the lane.
B. Persons riding bicycles on a roadway shall not ride more than two abreast except on paths or parts of roadways set aside for the exclusive use of bicycles.
C. A path or lane that is designated as a bicycle path or lane by state or local authorities is for the exclusive use of bicycles even though other uses are permitted pursuant to subsection D of this section or are otherwise allowed by state or local authorities.
D. A person shall not operate,  stop,  park or leave standing a vehicle,  including a neighborhood occupantless electric vehicle,  in a path or lane designated as a bicycle path or lane by a state or local authority except in the case of emergency or for crossing the path or lane to gain access to a public or private road or driveway.
E. Subsection D of this section does not prohibit the use of the path or lane by the appropriate local authority.
2023 Arizona Revised Statutes › Title 28 - Transportation › § 28-817 - Bicycle equipment

28-817.
Bicycle equipment
A. A bicycle that is used at nighttime shall have a lamp on the front that emits a white light visible from a distance of at least five hundred feet to the front and a red reflector on the rear of a type that is approved by the department and that is visible from all distances from fifty feet to three hundred feet to the rear when the reflector is directly in front of lawful upper beams of head lamps on a motor vehicle. A bicycle may have a lamp that emits a red light visible from a distance of five hundred feet to the rear in addition to the red reflector.
B. A person shall not operate a bicycle that is equipped with a siren or whistle.
C. A bicycle shall be equipped with a brake that enables the operator to make the braked wheels skid on dry,  level,  clean pavement.