reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 915.

915. When the grand jury has been impaneled, sworn, and charged, it shall retire to a private room, except when operating under a finding pursuant to Section 939.1, and inquire into the offenses and matters of civil concern cognizable by it. On the completion of the business before the grand jury or expiration of the term of prescribed service of one or more grand jurors, the court shall discharge it or the affected individual jurors.
(Amended by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1297, Sec. 3.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 916.

916. Each grand jury shall choose its officers, except the foreman, and shall determine its rules of proceeding. Adoption of its rules of procedure and all public actions of the grand jury, whether concerning criminal or civil matters unless otherwise prescribed in law, including adoption of final reports, shall be only with the concurrence of that number of grand jurors necessary to find an indictment pursuant to Section 940. Rules of procedure shall include guidelines for that grand jury to ensure that all findings included in its final reports are supported by documented evidence, including reports of contract auditors or consultants, official records, or interviews attended by no fewer than two grand jurors and that all problems identified in a final report are accompanied by suggested means for their resolution, including financial, when applicable.
(Amended by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1297, Sec. 4.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 916.1.

916.1. If the foreman of a grand jury is absent from any meeting or if he is disqualified to act, the grand jury may select a member of that body to act as foreman pro tempore, who shall perform the duties, and have all the powers, of the regularly appointed foreman in his absence or disqualification.
(Added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 501.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 916.2.

916.2. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a grand juror who is a current employee of, or a former or retired employee last employed within the prior three years by, an agency within the investigative jurisdiction of the civil grand jury shall inform the foreperson and court of that fact and shall recuse himself or herself from participating in any grand jury civil investigation of that agency, including any discussion or vote concerning a civil investigation of that agency.
(b) This section shall be in addition to any local policies or rules regarding conflict of interest for grand jurors.
(c) For purposes of this section, “agency” means a department or operational part of a government entity, such as a city, county, city and county, school district, or other local government body.
(Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 867, Sec. 21. (SB 1144) Effective January 1, 2013.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 917.

917. (a) The grand jury may inquire into all public offenses committed or triable within the county and present them to the court by indictment.
(b) Except as provided in Section 918, the grand jury shall not inquire into an offense that involves a shooting or use of excessive force by a peace officer described in Section 830.1, subdivision (a) of Section 830.2, or Section 830.39, that led to the death of a person being detained or arrested by the peace officer pursuant to Section 836.
(Amended by Stats. 2015, Ch. 175, Sec. 1. (SB 227) Effective January 1, 2016.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 918.

918. If a member of a grand jury knows, or has reason to believe, that a public offense, triable within the county, has been committed, he may declare it to his fellow jurors, who may thereupon investigate it.
(Amended by Stats. 1976, Ch. 895.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 919.

919. (a) The grand jury may inquire into the case of every person imprisoned in the jail of the county on a criminal charge and not indicted.
(b) The grand jury shall inquire into the condition and management of the public prisons within the county.
(c) The grand jury shall inquire into the willful or corrupt misconduct in office of public officers of every description within the county. Except as provided in Section 918, this subdivision does not apply to misconduct that involves a shooting or use of excessive force by a peace officer described in Section 830.1, subdivision (a) of Section 830.2, or Section 830.39, that led to the death of a person being detained or arrested by the peace officer pursuant to Section 836.
(Amended by Stats. 2015, Ch. 175, Sec. 2. (SB 227) Effective January 1, 2016.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 920.

920. The grand jury may investigate and inquire into all sales and transfers of land, and into the ownership of land, which, under the state laws, might or should escheat to the State of California. For this purpose, the grand jury may summon witnesses before it and examine them and the records. The grand jury shall direct that proper escheat proceedings be commenced when, in the opinion of the grand jury, the evidence justifies such proceedings.
(Amended by Stats. 1976, Ch. 895.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 921.

921. The grand jury is entitled to free access, at all reasonable times, to the public prisons, and to the examination, without charge, of all public records within the county.
(Added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 501.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 922.

922. The powers and duties of the grand jury in connection with proceedings for the removal of district, county, or city officers are prescribed in Article 3 (commencing with Section 3060), Chapter 7, Division 4, Title 1, of the Government Code.
(Added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 501.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 924.

924. Every grand juror who willfully discloses the fact of an information or indictment having been made for a felony, until the defendant has been arrested, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
(Added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 501.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 924.1.

924.1. (a) Every grand juror who, except when required by a court, willfully discloses any evidence adduced before the grand jury, or anything which he himself or any other member of the grand jury has said, or in what manner he or she or any other grand juror has voted on a matter before them, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
(b) Every interpreter for the disabled appointed to assist a member of the grand jury pursuant to Section 939.11 who, except when required by a court, willfully discloses any evidence adduced before the grand jury, or anything which he or she or any member of the grand jury has said, or in what manner any grand juror has voted on a matter before them, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
(Amended by Stats. 1986, Ch. 357, Sec. 1.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 924.2.

924.2. Each grand juror shall keep secret whatever he himself or any other grand juror has said, or in what manner he or any other grand juror has voted on a matter before them. Any court may require a grand juror to disclose the testimony of a witness examined before the grand jury, for the purpose of ascertaining whether it is consistent with that given by the witness before the court, or to disclose the testimony given before the grand jury by any person, upon a charge against such person for perjury in giving his testimony or upon trial therefor.
(Added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 501.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 924.3.

924.3. A grand juror cannot be questioned for anything he may say or any vote he may give in the grand jury relative to a matter legally pending before the jury, except for a perjury of which he may have been guilty in making an accusation or giving testimony to his fellow jurors.
(Added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 501.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 924.4.

924.4. Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 924.1 and 924.2, any grand jury or, if the grand jury is no longer impaneled, the presiding judge of the superior court, may pass on and provide the succeeding grand jury with any records, information, or evidence acquired by the grand jury during the course of any investigation conducted by it during its term of service, except any information or evidence that relates to a criminal investigation or that could form part or all of the basis for issuance of an indictment. Transcripts of testimony reported during any session of the grand jury shall be made available to the succeeding grand jury upon its request.
(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 784, Sec. 536. Effective January 1, 2003.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions › Section 924.6.

924.6. (a) If no indictment is returned, the court that impaneled the grand jury shall, upon application of either party, order disclosure of all or part of the testimony of a witness before the grand jury to a defendant and the prosecutor in connection with any pending or subsequent criminal proceeding before any court if the court finds following an in camera hearing, which shall include the court’s review of the grand jury’s testimony, that the testimony is relevant, and appears to be admissible.
(b) If a grand jury decides not to return an indictment in a grand jury inquiry into an offense that involves a shooting or use of excessive force by a peace officer described in Section 830.1, subdivision (a) of Section 830.2, or Section 830.39, that led to the death of a person being detained or arrested by the peace officer pursuant to Section 836, the court that impaneled the grand jury shall, upon application of the district attorney, a legal representative of the decedent, or a legal representative of the news media or public, and with notice to the district attorney and the affected witness involved, and an opportunity to be heard, order disclosure of all or part of the indictment proceeding transcript, excluding the grand jury’s private deliberations and voting, to the movant, unless the court expressly finds, following an in camera hearing, that there exists an overriding interest that outweighs the right of public access to the record, the overriding interest supports sealing the record, a substantial probability exists that the overriding interest will be prejudiced if the record is not sealed, the proposed sealing is narrowly tailored, and no less restrictive means exist to achieve the overriding interest.
(Amended by Stats. 2017, Ch. 204, Sec. 1. (AB 1024) Effective January 1, 2018.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 2 - Investigation of County, City, and District Affairs › Section 925.

925. The grand jury shall investigate and report on the operations, accounts, and records of the officers, departments, or functions of the county including those operations, accounts, and records of any special legislative district or other district in the county created pursuant to state law for which the officers of the county are serving in their ex officio capacity as officers of the districts. The investigations may be conducted on some selective basis each year, but the grand jury shall not duplicate any examination of financial statements which has been performed by or for the board of supervisors pursuant to Section 25250 of the Government Code; this provision shall not be construed to limit the power of the grand jury to investigate and report on the operations, accounts, and records of the officers, departments, or functions of the county. The grand jury may enter into a joint contract with the board of supervisors to employ the services of an expert as provided for in Section 926.
(Repealed and added by Stats. 1977, Ch. 107.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 2 - Investigation of County, City, and District Affairs › Section 925a.

925a. The grand jury may at any time examine the books and records of any incorporated city or joint powers agency located in the county. In addition to any other investigatory powers granted by this chapter, the grand jury may investigate and report upon the operations, accounts, and records of the officers, departments, functions, and the method or system of performing the duties of any such city or joint powers agency and make such recommendations as it may deem proper and fit.
The grand jury may investigate and report upon the needs of all joint powers agencies in the county, including the abolition or creation of agencies and the equipment for, or the method or system of performing the duties of, the several agencies. It shall cause a copy of any such report to be transmitted to the governing body of any affected agency.
As used in this section, “joint powers agency” means an agency described in Section 6506 of the Government Code whose jurisdiction encompasses all or part of a county.
(Amended by Stats. 1983, Ch. 590, Sec. 1.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 2 - Investigation of County, City, and District Affairs › Section 926.

926. (a) If, in the judgment of the grand jury, the services of one or more experts are necessary for the purposes of Sections 925, 925a, 928, 933.1, and 933.5 or any of them, the grand jury may employ one or more experts, at an agreed compensation, to be first approved by the court. If, in the judgment of the grand jury, the services of assistants to such experts are required, the grand jury may employ such assistants, at a compensation to be agreed upon and approved by the court. Expenditures for the services of experts and assistants for the purposes of Section 933.5 shall not exceed the sum of thirty thousand dollars ($30,000) annually, unless such expenditures shall also be approved by the board of supervisors.
(b) When making an examination of the books, records, accounts, and documents maintained and processed by the county assessor, the grand jury, with the consent of the board of supervisors, may employ expert auditors or appraisers to assist in the examination. Auditors and appraisers, while performing pursuant to the directive of the grand jury, shall have access to all records and documents that may be inspected by the grand jury subject to the same limitations on public disclosure as apply to the grand jury.
(c) Any contract entered into by a grand jury pursuant to this section may include services to be performed after the discharge of the jury, but in no event may a jury contract for services to be performed later than six months after the end of the fiscal year during which the jury was impaneled.
(d) Any contract entered into by a grand jury pursuant to this section shall stipulate that the product of that contract shall be delivered on or before a time certain to the then-current grand jury of that county for such use as that jury finds appropriate to its adopted objectives.
(Amended by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1297, Sec. 4.5.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 2 - Investigation of County, City, and District Affairs › Section 927.

927. A grand jury may, and when requested by the board of supervisors shall, investigate and report upon the needs for increase or decrease in salaries of the county-elected officials. A copy of such report shall be transmitted to the board of supervisors.
(Amended by Stats. 1976, Ch. 481.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 2 - Investigation of County, City, and District Affairs › Section 928.

928. Every grand jury may investigate and report upon the needs of all county officers in the county, including the abolition or creation of offices and the equipment for, or the method or system of performing the duties of, the several offices. Such investigation and report shall be conducted selectively each year. The grand jury shall cause a copy of such report to be transmitted to each member of the board of supervisors of the county.
(Amended by Stats. 1981, Ch. 800, Sec. 5.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 2 - Investigation of County, City, and District Affairs › Section 929.

929. As to any matter not subject to privilege, with the approval of the presiding judge of the superior court or the judge appointed by the presiding judge to supervise the grand jury, a grand jury may make available to the public part or all of the evidentiary material, findings, and other information relied upon by, or presented to, a grand jury for its final report in any civil grand jury investigation provided that the name of any person, or facts that lead to the identity of any person who provided information to the grand jury, shall not be released. Prior to granting approval pursuant to this section, a judge may require the redaction or masking of any part of the evidentiary material, findings, or other information to be released to the public including, but not limited to, the identity of witnesses and any testimony or materials of a defamatory or libelous nature.
(Added by Stats. 1998, Ch. 79, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 1999.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 2 - Investigation of County, City, and District Affairs › Section 930.

930. If any grand jury shall, in the report above mentioned, comment upon any person or official who has not been indicted by such grand jury such comments shall not be deemed to be privileged.
(Added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 501.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 2 - Investigation of County, City, and District Affairs › Section 931.

931. All expenses of the grand jurors incurred under this article shall be paid by the treasurer of the county out of the general fund of the county upon warrants drawn by the county auditor upon the written order of the judge of the superior court of the county.
(Added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 501.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 2 - Investigation of County, City, and District Affairs › Section 932.

932. After investigating the books and accounts of the various officials of the county, as provided in the foregoing sections of this article, the grand jury may order the district attorney of the county to institute suit to recover any money that, in the judgment of the grand jury, may from any cause be due the county. The order of the grand jury, certified by the foreman of the grand jury and filed with the clerk of the superior court of the county, shall be full authority for the district attorney to institute and maintain any such suit.
(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 784, Sec. 537. Effective January 1, 2003.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 2 - Investigation of County, City, and District Affairs › Section 933.

933. (a) Each grand jury shall submit to the presiding judge of the superior court a final report of its findings and recommendations that pertain to county government matters during the fiscal or calendar year. Final reports on any appropriate subject may be submitted to the presiding judge of the superior court at any time during the term of service of a grand jury. A final report may be submitted for comment to responsible officers, agencies, or departments, including the county board of supervisors, when applicable, upon finding of the presiding judge that the report is in compliance with this title. For 45 days after the end of the term, the foreperson and his or her designees shall, upon reasonable notice, be available to clarify the recommendations of the report.
(b) One copy of each final report, together with the responses thereto, found to be in compliance with this title shall be placed on file with the clerk of the court and remain on file in the office of the clerk. The clerk shall immediately forward a true copy of the report and the responses to the State Archivist who shall retain that report and all responses in perpetuity.
(c) No later than 90 days after the grand jury submits a final report on the operations of any public agency subject to its reviewing authority, the governing body of the public agency shall comment to the presiding judge of the superior court on the findings and recommendations pertaining to matters under the control of the governing body, and every elected county officer or agency head for which the grand jury has responsibility pursuant to Section 914.1 shall comment within 60 days to the presiding judge of the superior court, with an information copy sent to the board of supervisors, on the findings and recommendations pertaining to matters under the control of that county officer or agency head and any agency or agencies which that officer or agency head supervises or controls. In any city and county, the mayor shall also comment on the findings and recommendations. All of these comments and reports shall forthwith be submitted to the presiding judge of the superior court who impaneled the grand jury. A copy of all responses to grand jury reports shall be placed on file with the clerk of the public agency and the office of the county clerk, or the mayor when applicable, and shall remain on file in those offices. One copy shall be placed on file with the applicable grand jury final report by, and in the control of the currently impaneled grand jury, where it shall be maintained for a minimum of five years.
(d) As used in this section “agency” includes a department.
(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 784, Sec. 538. Effective January 1, 2003.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 2 - Investigation of County, City, and District Affairs › Section 933.05.

933.05. (a) For purposes of subdivision (b) of Section 933, as to each grand jury finding, the responding person or entity shall indicate one of the following:
(1) The respondent agrees with the finding.
(2) The respondent disagrees wholly or partially with the finding, in which case the response shall specify the portion of the finding that is disputed and shall include an explanation of the reasons therefor.
(b) For purposes of subdivision (b) of Section 933, as to each grand jury recommendation, the responding person or entity shall report one of the following actions:
(1) The recommendation has been implemented, with a summary regarding the implemented action.
(2) The recommendation has not yet been implemented, but will be implemented in the future, with a timeframe for implementation.
(3) The recommendation requires further analysis, with an explanation and the scope and parameters of an analysis or study, and a timeframe for the matter to be prepared for discussion by the officer or head of the agency or department being investigated or reviewed, including the governing body of the public agency when applicable. This timeframe shall not exceed six months from the date of publication of the grand jury report.
(4) The recommendation will not be implemented because it is not warranted or is not reasonable, with an explanation therefor.
(c) However, if a finding or recommendation of the grand jury addresses budgetary or personnel matters of a county agency or department headed by an elected officer, both the agency or department head and the board of supervisors shall respond if requested by the grand jury, but the response of the board of supervisors shall address only those budgetary or personnel matters over which it has some decisionmaking authority. The response of the elected agency or department head shall address all aspects of the findings or recommendations affecting his or her agency or department.
(d) A grand jury may request a subject person or entity to come before the grand jury for the purpose of reading and discussing the findings of the grand jury report that relates to that person or entity in order to verify the accuracy of the findings prior to their release.
(e) During an investigation, the grand jury shall meet with the subject of that investigation regarding the investigation, unless the court, either on its own determination or upon request of the foreperson of the grand jury, determines that such a meeting would be detrimental.
(f) A grand jury shall provide to the affected agency a copy of the portion of the grand jury report relating to that person or entity two working days prior to its public release and after the approval of the presiding judge. No officer, agency, department, or governing body of a public agency shall disclose any contents of the report prior to the public release of the final report.
(Amended by Stats. 1997, Ch. 443, Sec. 5. Effective January 1, 1998.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 2 - Investigation of County, City, and District Affairs › Section 933.06.

933.06. (a) Notwithstanding Sections 916 and 940, in a county having a population of 20,000 or less, a final report may be adopted and submitted pursuant to Section 933 with the concurrence of at least 10 grand jurors if all of the following conditions are met:
(1) The grand jury consisting of 19 persons has been impaneled pursuant to law, and the membership is reduced from 19 to fewer than 12.
(2) The vacancies have not been filled pursuant to Section 908.1 within 30 days from the time that the clerk of the superior court is given written notice that the vacancy has occurred.
(3) A final report has not been submitted by the grand jury pursuant to Section 933.
(b) Notwithstanding Section 933, no responsible officers, agencies, or departments shall be required to comment on a final report submitted pursuant to this section.
(Amended by Stats. 2001, Ch. 854, Sec. 40. Effective January 1, 2002.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 2 - Investigation of County, City, and District Affairs › Section 933.1.

933.1. A grand jury may at any time examine the books and records of a redevelopment agency, a housing authority, created pursuant to Division 24 (commencing with Section 33000) of the Health and Safety Code, or a joint powers agency created pursuant to Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 6500) of Division 7 of Title 1 of the Government Code, and, in addition to any other investigatory powers granted by this chapter, may investigate and report upon the method or system of performing the duties of such agency or authority.
(Amended by Stats. 1986, Ch. 279, Sec. 1.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 2 - Investigation of County, City, and District Affairs › Section 933.5.

933.5. A grand jury may at any time examine the books and records of any special-purpose assessing or taxing district located wholly or partly in the county or the local agency formation commission in the county, and, in addition to any other investigatory powers granted by this chapter, may investigate and report upon the method or system of performing the duties of such district or commission.
(Amended by Stats. 1979, Ch. 306.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 2 - Investigation of County, City, and District Affairs › Section 933.6.

933.6. A grand jury may at any time examine the books and records of any nonprofit corporation established by or operated on behalf of a public entity the books and records of which it is authorized by law to examine, and, in addition to any other investigatory powers granted by this chapter, may investigate and report upon the method or system of performing the duties of such nonprofit corporation.
(Added by Stats. 1986, Ch. 279, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 3 - Legal and Other Assistants for Grand Juries › Section 934.

934. (a) The grand jury may, at all times, request the advice of the court, or the judge thereof, the district attorney, the county counsel, or the Attorney General. Unless advice is requested, the judge of the court, or county counsel as to civil matters, shall not be present during the sessions of the grand jury.
(b) The Attorney General may grant or deny a request for advice from the grand jury. If the Attorney General grants a request for advice from the grand jury, the Attorney General shall fulfill that request within existing financial and staffing resources.
(Amended by Stats. 1998, Ch. 230, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 1999.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 3 - Legal and Other Assistants for Grand Juries › Section 935.

935. The district attorney of the county may at all times appear before the grand jury for the purpose of giving information or advice relative to any matter cognizable by the grand jury, and may interrogate witnesses before the grand jury whenever he thinks it necessary. When a charge against or involving the district attorney, or assistant district attorney, or deputy district attorney, or anyone employed by or connected with the office of the district attorney, is being investigated by the grand jury, such district attorney, or assistant district attorney, or deputy district attorney, or all or anyone or more of them, shall not be allowed to be present before such grand jury when such charge is being investigated, in an official capacity but only as a witness, and he shall only be present while a witness and after his appearance as such witness shall leave the place where the grand jury is holding its session.
(Added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 501.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 3 - Legal and Other Assistants for Grand Juries › Section 936.

936. When requested so to do by the grand jury of any county, the Attorney General may employ special counsel and special investigators, whose duty it shall be to investigate and present the evidence in such investigation to such grand jury.
The services of such special counsel and special investigators shall be a county charge of such county.
(Added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 501.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 3 - Legal and Other Assistants for Grand Juries › Section 936.5.

936.5. (a) When requested to do so by the grand jury of any county, the presiding judge of the superior court may employ special counsel and special investigators, whose duty it shall be to investigate and present the evidence of the investigation to the grand jury.
(b) Prior to the appointment, the presiding judge shall conduct an evidentiary hearing and find that a conflict exists that would prevent the local district attorney, the county counsel, and the Attorney General from performing such investigation. Notice of the hearing shall be given to each of them unless he or she is a subject of the investigation. The finding of the presiding judge may be appealed by the district attorney, the county counsel, or the Attorney General. The order shall be stayed pending the appeal made under this section.
(c) The authority to appoint is contingent upon the certification by the auditor-comptroller of the county, that the grand jury has funds appropriated to it sufficient to compensate the special counsel and investigator for services rendered pursuant to the court order. In the absence of a certification the court has no authority to appoint. In the event the county board of supervisors or a member thereof is under investigation, the county has an obligation to appropriate the necessary funds.
(Added by Stats. 1980, Ch. 290, Sec. 2.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 3 - Legal and Other Assistants for Grand Juries › Section 937.

937. The grand jury or district attorney may require by subpoena the attendance of any person before the grand jury as interpreter. While his services are necessary, such interpreter may be present at the examination of witnesses before the grand jury. The compensation for services of such interpreter constitutes a charge against the county, and shall be fixed by the grand jury.
(Amended by Stats. 1976, Ch. 1264.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 3 - Legal and Other Assistants for Grand Juries › Section 938.

938. (a) Whenever criminal causes are being investigated before the grand jury, it shall appoint a competent stenographic reporter. He shall be sworn and shall report in shorthand the testimony given in such causes and shall transcribe the shorthand in all cases where an indictment is returned or accusation presented.
(b) At the request of the grand jury, the reporter shall also prepare transcripts of any testimony reported during any session of the immediately preceding grand jury.
(Amended by Stats. 1975, Ch. 298.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 3 - Legal and Other Assistants for Grand Juries › Section 938.1.

938.1. (a) If an indictment has been found or accusation presented against a defendant, such stenographic reporter shall certify and deliver to the clerk of the superior court in the county an original transcription of the reporter’s shorthand notes and a copy thereof and as many additional copies as there are defendants, other than fictitious defendants, regardless of the number of charges or fictitious defendants included in the same investigation. The reporter shall complete the certification and delivery within 10 days after the indictment has been found or the accusation presented unless the court for good cause makes an order extending the time. The time shall not be extended more than 20 days. The clerk shall file the original of the transcript, deliver a copy of the transcript to the district attorney immediately upon receipt thereof and deliver a copy of such transcript to each such defendant or the defendant’s attorney. If the copy of the testimony is not served as provided in this section, the court shall on motion of the defendant continue the trial to such time as may be necessary to secure to the defendant receipt of a copy of such testimony 10 days before such trial. If several criminal charges are investigated against a defendant on one investigation and thereafter separate indictments are returned or accusations presented upon said several charges, the delivery to such defendant or the defendant’s attorney of one copy of the transcript of such investigation shall be a compliance with this section as to all of such indictments or accusations.
(b) The transcript shall not be open to the public until 10 days after its delivery to the defendant or the defendant’s attorney. Thereafter the transcript shall be open to the public unless the court orders otherwise on its own motion or on motion of a party pending a determination as to whether all or part of the transcript should be sealed. If the court determines that there is a reasonable likelihood that making all or any part of the transcript public may prejudice a defendant’s right to a fair and impartial trial, that part of the transcript shall be sealed until the defendant’s trial has been completed.
(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 784, Sec. 539. Effective January 1, 2003.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 3 - Legal and Other Assistants for Grand Juries › Section 938.2.

938.2. (a) For preparing any transcript in any case pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 938.1, the stenographic reporter shall draw no salary or fees from the county for preparing such transcript in any case until all such transcripts of testimony in such case so taken by him are written up and delivered. Before making the order for payment to the reporter, the judge of the superior court shall require the reporter to show by affidavit or otherwise that he has written up and delivered all testimony taken by him, in accordance with subdivision (a) of Section 938 and Section 938.1.
(b) Before making the order for payment to a reporter who has prepared transcripts pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 938, the judge of the superior court shall require the reporter to show by affidavit or otherwise that he has written up and delivered all testimony requested of him in accordance with that sudivision.
(Amended by Stats. 1975, Ch. 298.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 3 - Legal and Other Assistants for Grand Juries › Section 938.3.

938.3. The services of the stenographic reporter shall constitute a charge against the county, and the stenographic reporter shall be compensated for reporting and transcribing at the same rates as prescribed in Sections 69947 to 69954, inclusive, of the Government Code, to be paid out of the county treasury on a warrant of the county auditor when ordered by the judge of the superior court.
(Amended by Stats. 1987, Ch. 828, Sec. 56.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 3 - Legal and Other Assistants for Grand Juries › Section 938.4.

938.4. The superior court shall arrange for a suitable meeting room and other support as the court determines is necessary for the grand jury. Any costs incurred by the court as a result of this section shall be absorbed by the court or the county from existing resources.
(Added by Stats. 1997, Ch. 443, Sec. 6. Effective January 1, 1998.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 4 - Conduct of Investigations › Section 939.

939. No person other than those specified in Article 3 (commencing with Section 934), and in Sections 939.1, 939.11, and 939.21, and the officer having custody of a prisoner witness while the prisoner is testifying, is permitted to be present during the criminal sessions of the grand jury except the members and witnesses actually under examination. Members of the grand jury who have been excused pursuant to Section 939.5 shall not be present during any part of these proceedings. No persons other than grand jurors shall be permitted to be present during the expression of the opinions of the grand jurors, or the giving of their votes, on any criminal or civil matter before them.
(Amended by Stats. 1998, Ch. 755, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 1999.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 4 - Conduct of Investigations › Section 939.1.

939.1. The grand jury acting through its foreman and the attorney general or the district attorney may make a joint written request for public sessions of the grand jury. The request shall be filed with the superior court. If the court, or the judge thereof, finds that the subject matter of the investigation affects the general public welfare, involving the alleged corruption, misfeasance, or malfeasance in office or dereliction of duty of public officials or employees or of any person allegedly acting in conjunction or conspiracy with such officials or employees in such alleged acts, the court or judge may make an order directing the grand jury to conduct its investigation in a session or sessions open to the public. The order shall state the finding of the court. The grand jury shall comply with the order.
The conduct of such investigation and the examination of witnesses shall be by the members of the grand jury and the district attorney.
The deliberation of the grand jury and its voting upon such investigation shall be in private session. The grand jury may find indictments based wholly or partially upon the evidence introduced at such public session.
(Added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 501.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 4 - Conduct of Investigations › Section 939.11.

939.11. Any member of the grand jury who has a hearing, sight, or speech disability may request an interpreter when his or her services are necessary to assist the juror to carry out his or her duties. The request shall be filed with the superior court. If the court, or the judge thereof, finds that an interpreter is necessary, the court shall make an order to that effect and may require by subpoena the attendance of any person before the grand jury as interpreter. If the services of an interpreter are necessary, the court shall instruct the grand jury and the interpreter that the interpreter is not to participate in the jury’s deliberations in any manner except to facilitate communication between the disabled juror and the other jurors. The court shall place the interpreter under oath not to disclose any grand jury matters, including the testimony of any witness, statements of any grand juror, or the vote of any grand juror, except in the due course of judicial proceedings.
(Added by Stats. 1986, Ch. 357, Sec. 3.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 4 - Conduct of Investigations › Section 939.2.

939.2. A subpoena requiring the attendance of a witness before the grand jury may be signed and issued by the district attorney, his investigator or, upon request of the grand jury, by any judge of the superior court, for witnesses in the state, in support of the prosecution, for those witnesses whose testimony, in his opinion is material in an investigation before the grand jury, and for such other witnesses as the grand jury, upon an investigation pending before them, may direct.
(Amended by Stats. 1971, Ch. 1196.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 4 - Conduct of Investigations › Section 939.21.

939.21. (a) Any prosecution witness before the grand jury in a proceeding involving a violation of Section 243.4, 261, 273a, 273d, 285, 286, 287, 288, 288.5, or 289, subdivision (1) of Section 314, Section 368, 647.6, or former Section 288a or 647a, who is a minor or a dependent person, may, at the discretion of the prosecution, select a person of his or her own choice to attend the testimony of the prosecution witness for the purpose of providing support. The person chosen shall not be a witness in the same proceeding, or a person described in Section 1070 of the Evidence Code.
(b) The grand jury foreperson shall inform any person permitted to attend the grand jury proceedings pursuant to this section that grand jury proceedings are confidential and may not be discussed with anyone not in attendance at the proceedings. The foreperson also shall admonish that person not to prompt, sway, or influence the witness in any way. Nothing in this section shall preclude the presiding judge from exercising his or her discretion to remove a person from the grand jury proceeding whom the judge believes is prompting, swaying, or influencing the witness.
(Amended by Stats. 2018, Ch. 423, Sec. 82. (SB 1494) Effective January 1, 2019.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 4 - Conduct of Investigations › Section 939.3.

939.3. In any investigation or proceeding before a grand jury for any felony offense when a person refuses to answer a question or produce evidence of any other kind on the ground that he may be incriminated thereby, proceedings may be had under Section 1324.
(Added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 501.)
2023 California Code › Penal Code - PEN › PART 2 - OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE › TITLE 4 - GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 3 - Powers and Duties of Grand Jury › ARTICLE 4 - Conduct of Investigations › Section 939.4.

939.4. The foreman may administer an oath to any witness appearing before the grand jury.
(Added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 501.)